I've finally had a chance to test out the high-DPI display support that Alex Larsson added to GTK3/GNOME and presented at GUADEC last year -- it's looking awesome!
There's still some bugs (I'm testing out Fedora 20 plus the 3.12 packages, in Parallels on a 15" Retina MacBook Pro, with GDK_SCALE=2 in /etc/environment) but basic support is looking really good. Most of the bugs I see in base GNOME apps look like simple things like missing high-resolution artwork, or a low-level drawing surface that's at the wrong scale factor. I'm going to write up & file those bugs, and if I can I'll try to take a crack at patching some of them.
The biggest oddity with GNOME proper I see is that the Shell's UI displays at half-size, like it's ignoring the scaling. I might just be setting the GDK_SCALE improperly though...
There are also some bigger issues still remaining, among which a key problem is that legacy GTK2 apps like Firefox, Gimp and Inkscape don't scale up at all, and display super-tiny. (I filed a bug with Mozilla for Firefox to support the scaled mode properly in its in-progress GTK3 branch.)