[libgda] Switched to SQLite 3.7.2



commit 03288f8542e948a08e58ad0575c0d586c989cd10
Author: Vivien Malerba <malerba gnome-db org>
Date:   Wed Sep 1 16:21:48 2010 +0200

    Switched to SQLite 3.7.2

 libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/PragmasPatch |    6 +-
 libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.c    | 4874 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.h    |   96 +-
 3 files changed, 2987 insertions(+), 1989 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/PragmasPatch b/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/PragmasPatch
index 11136f4..e39d49c 100644
--- a/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/PragmasPatch
+++ b/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/PragmasPatch
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---- sqlite3.c.orig	2010-08-04 18:07:48.000000000 +0200
-+++ sqlite3.c	2010-08-04 19:31:59.000000000 +0200
-@@ -84217,6 +84217,60 @@
+--- sqlite3.c.orig	2010-08-24 00:56:03.000000000 +0200
++++ sqlite3.c	2010-09-01 15:59:28.000000000 +0200
+@@ -85120,6 +85120,60 @@
  
  #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
    /*
diff --git a/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.c b/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.c
index 8df34a2..8ba9cf9 100644
--- a/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.c
+++ b/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 ** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.7.0.1.  By combining all the individual C code files into this 
+** version 3.7.2.  By combining all the individual C code files into this 
 ** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a one translation
 ** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
 ** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
@@ -215,20 +215,21 @@
 # define SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER 999
 #endif
 
-/* Maximum page size.  The upper bound on this value is 32768.  This a limit
-** imposed by the necessity of storing the value in a 2-byte unsigned integer
-** and the fact that the page size must be a power of 2.
+/* Maximum page size.  The upper bound on this value is 65536.  This a limit
+** imposed by the use of 16-bit offsets within each page.
 **
-** If this limit is changed, then the compiled library is technically
-** incompatible with an SQLite library compiled with a different limit. If
-** a process operating on a database with a page-size of 65536 bytes 
-** crashes, then an instance of SQLite compiled with the default page-size 
-** limit will not be able to rollback the aborted transaction. This could
-** lead to database corruption.
+** Earlier versions of SQLite allowed the user to change this value at
+** compile time. This is no longer permitted, on the grounds that it creates
+** a library that is technically incompatible with an SQLite library 
+** compiled with a different limit. If a process operating on a database 
+** with a page-size of 65536 bytes crashes, then an instance of SQLite 
+** compiled with the default page-size limit will not be able to rollback 
+** the aborted transaction. This could lead to database corruption.
 */
-#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
-# define SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE 32768
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
+# undef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
 #endif
+#define SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE 65536
 
 
 /*
@@ -633,7 +634,7 @@ extern "C" {
 **
 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/";>Fossil configuration management
-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evalutes to
+** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
@@ -643,9 +644,9 @@ extern "C" {
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.7.0.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007000
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-08-04 12:31:11 042a1abb030a0711386add7eb6e10832cc8b0f57"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.7.2"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007002
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-08-23 18:52:01 42537b60566f288167f1b5864a5435986838e3a3"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -690,7 +691,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows interating
+** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
@@ -698,7 +699,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
 **
 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifing the 
+** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the 
 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
 **
 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
@@ -804,7 +805,7 @@ typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
-** successfullly destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
+** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
 **
 ** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
 ** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
@@ -1231,12 +1232,21 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
 ** file run faster.
+**
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
+** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
+** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should 
+** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
+** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
+** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
+** improve performance on some systems.
 */
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT        5
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE       6
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
@@ -2712,7 +2722,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
-** of how long that statement took to run.
+** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
+** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
+** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
+** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
+** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
+** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
+** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
@@ -3193,7 +3209,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.)^  ^The values of these
+** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
 **
@@ -3972,7 +3988,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
 **
-** Implementions of aggregate SQL functions use this
+** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
 **
 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
@@ -4244,7 +4260,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 **
 ** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
 ** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
-** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
+** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it any more).
 ** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
 ** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
 ** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
@@ -4861,7 +4877,8 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
 **
-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
+** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
+** of the [virtual table] interface to
 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
@@ -4869,10 +4886,12 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 **
 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
 **
-** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
+** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
 **
 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
-** stored in aConstraint[].op.)^  ^(The index of the column is stored in
+** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
+** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
+** ^(The index of the column is stored in
 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
@@ -4932,6 +4951,15 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
   double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
 };
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
+**
+** These macros defined the allowed values for the
+** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
+** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
+** a query that uses a [virtual table].
+*/
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
@@ -5450,7 +5478,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
 **
 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
-** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
+** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
 **
@@ -5620,7 +5648,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
 **
 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
-** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
+** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
 ** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
@@ -5672,6 +5700,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetF
 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations.</dd>)^
+**
 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
@@ -5733,6 +5764,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetF
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
@@ -5742,7 +5774,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetF
 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED | SQLITE_DBSTATUS_*] macros, that
-** determiness the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
+** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED | SQLITE_DBSTATUS_*] macros is likely
 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
 **
@@ -5772,16 +5804,33 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
 ** checked out.</dd>)^
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>^This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
-** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
+** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
+**
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
+** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
+** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ 
+** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
+** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
+** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
+**
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
+** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
+** the database connection.)^
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED         1
-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                1   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED        2
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED          3
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                3   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
 
 
 /*
@@ -6147,7 +6196,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 **
 ** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
 ** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
-** up and the total number of pages in the source databae file.
+** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
 ** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
 ** retrieve these two values, respectively.
 **
@@ -6243,7 +6292,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections 
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections 
 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
@@ -6325,7 +6374,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
 ** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
-** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
+** case-independent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
 ** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
@@ -7259,6 +7308,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorInfo(BtCursor*, int*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorList(Btree*);
 #endif
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(Btree*);
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** If we are not using shared cache, then there is no need to
 ** use mutexes to access the BtShared structures.  So make the
@@ -7388,8 +7441,8 @@ struct SubProgram {
   int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
   int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
   int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */
-  int nRef;                     /* Number of pointers to this structure */
   void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
+  SubProgram *pNext;            /* Next sub-program already visited */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -7677,6 +7730,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRunOnlyOnce(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteObject(sqlite3*,Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,int,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe*, int);
@@ -7694,7 +7748,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(sqlite3 *, SubProgram *, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe*, int);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
@@ -7705,6 +7758,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(UnpackedRecord*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
+#endif
+
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe*, const char*, ...);
@@ -7823,7 +7880,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager*, int, unsigned char*);
 
 /* Functions used to configure a Pager object. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(Pager*, int(*)(void *), void *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager*, u16*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager*, u32*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(Pager*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetSafetyLevel(Pager*,int,int);
@@ -7850,9 +7907,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetData(DbPage *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerGetExtra(DbPage *); 
 
 /* Functions used to manage pager transactions and savepoints. */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*, int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager*, int exFlag, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(Pager*,const char *zMaster, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager*);
@@ -8444,14 +8502,6 @@ struct Db {
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure stores a database schema.
-**
-** If there are no virtual tables configured in this schema, the
-** Schema.db variable is set to NULL. After the first virtual table
-** has been added, it is set to point to the database connection 
-** used to create the connection. Once a virtual table has been
-** added to the Schema structure and the Schema.db variable populated, 
-** only that database connection may use the Schema to prepare 
-** statements.
 */
 struct Schema {
   int schema_cookie;   /* Database schema version number for this file */
@@ -8464,9 +8514,6 @@ struct Schema {
   u8 enc;              /* Text encoding used by this database */
   u16 flags;           /* Flags associated with this schema */
   int cache_size;      /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  sqlite3 *db;         /* "Owner" connection. See comment above */
-#endif
 };
 
 /*
@@ -8654,6 +8701,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
   int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
   u8 isTransactionSavepoint;    /* True if the outermost savepoint is a TS */
   i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
+  int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
   /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER 
@@ -9011,7 +9059,6 @@ struct VTable {
 ** of a SELECT statement.
 */
 struct Table {
-  sqlite3 *dbMem;      /* DB connection used for lookaside allocations. */
   char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
   int iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the primary key */
   int nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
@@ -9148,9 +9195,9 @@ struct FKey {
 */
 struct KeyInfo {
   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
-  u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the TEXT_Utf* values */
+  u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in aColl[] */
-  u8 *aSortOrder;     /* If defined an aSortOrder[i] is true, sort DESC */
+  u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column.  May be NULL */
   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
 };
 
@@ -10120,7 +10167,7 @@ struct StrAccum {
   int  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
   int  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed string length */
   u8   mallocFailed;   /* Becomes true if any memory allocation fails */
-  u8   useMalloc;      /* True if zText is enlargeable using realloc */
+  u8   useMalloc;      /* 0: none,  1: sqlite3DbMalloc,  2: sqlite3_malloc */
   u8   tooBig;         /* Becomes true if string size exceeds limits */
 };
 
@@ -10418,7 +10465,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
 #endif
 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropTable(Parse*, SrcList*, int, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(Table*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(Parse *pParse);
@@ -10652,7 +10699,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Parse *pParse, Expr *, Token *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Expr*, CollSeq*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
@@ -10702,7 +10750,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3InvokeBusyHandler(BusyHandler*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDb(sqlite3*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FindDbName(sqlite3 *, const char *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3*,int iDB);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(Index*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3*,Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterLikeFunctions(sqlite3*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3*,Expr*,int*,char*);
@@ -10764,7 +10812,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3Utf8To8(unsigned char*);
 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlock(X)
 #  define sqlite3VtabUnlockList(X)
 #else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabClear(Table*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE    void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, char **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabRollback(sqlite3 *db);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE    int sqlite3VtabCommit(sqlite3 *db);
@@ -10817,9 +10865,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE   FKey *sqlite3FkReferences(Table *);
   #define sqlite3FkRequired(a,b,c,d) 0
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkDelete(Table*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *, Table*);
 #else
-  #define sqlite3FkDelete(a)
+  #define sqlite3FkDelete(a,b)
 #endif
 
 
@@ -10912,17 +10960,18 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() returns true if any of the bits in its second
 ** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
 ** sqlite3MemdebugHasType() is intended for use inside assert() statements.
-** For example:
 **
-**     assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+** sqlite3MemdebugNoType() returns true if none of the bits in its second
+** argument match the type set by the previous sqlite3MemdebugSetType().
 **
 ** Perhaps the most important point is the difference between MEMTYPE_HEAP
-** and MEMTYPE_DB.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_DB, that means it might have
-** been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was too large or
-** lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify that allocations
-** that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not passed back to 
-** non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the example above are
-** placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify this constraint. 
+** and MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE.  If an allocation is MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE, that means
+** it might have been allocated by lookaside, except the allocation was
+** too large or lookaside was already full.  It is important to verify
+** that allocations that might have been satisfied by lookaside are not
+** passed back to non-lookaside free() routines.  Asserts such as the
+** example above are placed on the non-lookaside free() routines to verify
+** this constraint. 
 **
 ** All of this is no-op for a production build.  It only comes into
 ** play when the SQLITE_MEMDEBUG compile-time option is used.
@@ -10930,14 +10979,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void*,u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void*,u8);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void*,u8);
 #else
 # define sqlite3MemdebugSetType(X,Y)  /* no-op */
 # define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
+# define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
 #endif
-#define MEMTYPE_HEAP     0x01    /* General heap allocations */
-#define MEMTYPE_DB       0x02    /* Associated with a database connection */
-#define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH  0x04    /* Scratch allocations */
-#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE   0x08    /* Page cache allocations */
+#define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
+#define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Might have been lookaside memory */
+#define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
+#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
+#define MEMTYPE_DB         0x10  /* Uses sqlite3DbMalloc, not sqlite_malloc */
 
 #endif /* _SQLITEINT_H_ */
 
@@ -11568,14 +11620,438 @@ SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
 ** This module implements the sqlite3_status() interface and related
 ** functionality.
 */
+/************** Include vdbeInt.h in the middle of status.c ******************/
+/************** Begin file vdbeInt.h *****************************************/
+/*
+** 2003 September 6
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This is the header file for information that is private to the
+** VDBE.  This information used to all be at the top of the single
+** source code file "vdbe.c".  When that file became too big (over
+** 6000 lines long) it was split up into several smaller files and
+** this header information was factored out.
+*/
+#ifndef _VDBEINT_H_
+#define _VDBEINT_H_
+
+/*
+** SQL is translated into a sequence of instructions to be
+** executed by a virtual machine.  Each instruction is an instance
+** of the following structure.
+*/
+typedef struct VdbeOp Op;
+
+/*
+** Boolean values
+*/
+typedef unsigned char Bool;
+
+/*
+** A cursor is a pointer into a single BTree within a database file.
+** The cursor can seek to a BTree entry with a particular key, or
+** loop over all entries of the Btree.  You can also insert new BTree
+** entries or retrieve the key or data from the entry that the cursor
+** is currently pointing to.
+** 
+** Every cursor that the virtual machine has open is represented by an
+** instance of the following structure.
+**
+** If the VdbeCursor.isTriggerRow flag is set it means that this cursor is
+** really a single row that represents the NEW or OLD pseudo-table of
+** a row trigger.  The data for the row is stored in VdbeCursor.pData and
+** the rowid is in VdbeCursor.iKey.
+*/
+struct VdbeCursor {
+  BtCursor *pCursor;    /* The cursor structure of the backend */
+  int iDb;              /* Index of cursor database in db->aDb[] (or -1) */
+  i64 lastRowid;        /* Last rowid from a Next or NextIdx operation */
+  Bool zeroed;          /* True if zeroed out and ready for reuse */
+  Bool rowidIsValid;    /* True if lastRowid is valid */
+  Bool atFirst;         /* True if pointing to first entry */
+  Bool useRandomRowid;  /* Generate new record numbers semi-randomly */
+  Bool nullRow;         /* True if pointing to a row with no data */
+  Bool deferredMoveto;  /* A call to sqlite3BtreeMoveto() is needed */
+  Bool isTable;         /* True if a table requiring integer keys */
+  Bool isIndex;         /* True if an index containing keys only - no data */
+  i64 movetoTarget;     /* Argument to the deferred sqlite3BtreeMoveto() */
+  Btree *pBt;           /* Separate file holding temporary table */
+  int pseudoTableReg;   /* Register holding pseudotable content. */
+  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;    /* Info about index keys needed by index cursors */
+  int nField;           /* Number of fields in the header */
+  i64 seqCount;         /* Sequence counter */
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;  /* The cursor for a virtual table */
+  const sqlite3_module *pModule;     /* Module for cursor pVtabCursor */
+
+  /* Result of last sqlite3BtreeMoveto() done by an OP_NotExists or 
+  ** OP_IsUnique opcode on this cursor. */
+  int seekResult;
+
+  /* Cached information about the header for the data record that the
+  ** cursor is currently pointing to.  Only valid if cacheStatus matches
+  ** Vdbe.cacheCtr.  Vdbe.cacheCtr will never take on the value of
+  ** CACHE_STALE and so setting cacheStatus=CACHE_STALE guarantees that
+  ** the cache is out of date.
+  **
+  ** aRow might point to (ephemeral) data for the current row, or it might
+  ** be NULL.
+  */
+  u32 cacheStatus;      /* Cache is valid if this matches Vdbe.cacheCtr */
+  int payloadSize;      /* Total number of bytes in the record */
+  u32 *aType;           /* Type values for all entries in the record */
+  u32 *aOffset;         /* Cached offsets to the start of each columns data */
+  u8 *aRow;             /* Data for the current row, if all on one page */
+};
+typedef struct VdbeCursor VdbeCursor;
+
+/*
+** When a sub-program is executed (OP_Program), a structure of this type
+** is allocated to store the current value of the program counter, as
+** well as the current memory cell array and various other frame specific
+** values stored in the Vdbe struct. When the sub-program is finished, 
+** these values are copied back to the Vdbe from the VdbeFrame structure,
+** restoring the state of the VM to as it was before the sub-program
+** began executing.
+**
+** Frames are stored in a linked list headed at Vdbe.pParent. Vdbe.pParent
+** is the parent of the current frame, or zero if the current frame
+** is the main Vdbe program.
+*/
+typedef struct VdbeFrame VdbeFrame;
+struct VdbeFrame {
+  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
+  int pc;                 /* Program Counter */
+  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions */
+  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
+  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells */
+  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */
+  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Element of Vdbe cursors */
+  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
+  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
+  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
+  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
+  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
+  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
+  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame */
+};
+
+#define VdbeFrameMem(p) ((Mem *)&((u8 *)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))])
+
+/*
+** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheValid that means the cache is always invalid.
+*/
+#define CACHE_STALE 0
+
+/*
+** Internally, the vdbe manipulates nearly all SQL values as Mem
+** structures. Each Mem struct may cache multiple representations (string,
+** integer etc.) of the same value.  A value (and therefore Mem structure)
+** has the following properties:
+**
+** Each value has a manifest type. The manifest type of the value stored
+** in a Mem struct is returned by the MemType(Mem*) macro. The type is
+** one of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_REAL, SQLITE_TEXT or
+** SQLITE_BLOB.
+*/
+struct Mem {
+  union {
+    i64 i;              /* Integer value. */
+    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
+    FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
+    RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
+    VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
+  } u;
+  double r;           /* Real value */
+  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
+  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */
+  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, excluding '\0' */
+  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
+  u8  type;           /* One of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_INTEGER, etc */
+  u8  enc;            /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_UTF16LE */
+  void (*xDel)(void *);  /* If not null, call this function to delete Mem.z */
+  char *zMalloc;      /* Dynamic buffer allocated by sqlite3_malloc() */
+};
+
+/* One or more of the following flags are set to indicate the validOK
+** representations of the value stored in the Mem struct.
+**
+** If the MEM_Null flag is set, then the value is an SQL NULL value.
+** No other flags may be set in this case.
+**
+** If the MEM_Str flag is set then Mem.z points at a string representation.
+** Usually this is encoded in the same unicode encoding as the main
+** database (see below for exceptions). If the MEM_Term flag is also
+** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real 
+** flags may coexist with the MEM_Str flag.
+**
+** Multiple of these values can appear in Mem.flags.  But only one
+** at a time can appear in Mem.type.
+*/
+#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
+#define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
+#define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
+#define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
+#define MEM_Blob      0x0010   /* Value is a BLOB */
+#define MEM_RowSet    0x0020   /* Value is a RowSet object */
+#define MEM_Frame     0x0040   /* Value is a VdbeFrame object */
+#define MEM_TypeMask  0x00ff   /* Mask of type bits */
+
+/* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
+** the following flags must be set to determine the memory management
+** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
+** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
+*/
+#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String rep is nul terminated */
+#define MEM_Dyn       0x0400   /* Need to call sqliteFree() on Mem.z */
+#define MEM_Static    0x0800   /* Mem.z points to a static string */
+#define MEM_Ephem     0x1000   /* Mem.z points to an ephemeral string */
+#define MEM_Agg       0x2000   /* Mem.z points to an agg function context */
+#define MEM_Zero      0x4000   /* Mem.i contains count of 0s appended to blob */
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+  #undef MEM_Zero
+  #define MEM_Zero 0x0000
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Clear any existing type flags from a Mem and replace them with f
+*/
+#define MemSetTypeFlag(p, f) \
+   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero))|f)
+
+
+/* A VdbeFunc is just a FuncDef (defined in sqliteInt.h) that contains
+** additional information about auxiliary information bound to arguments
+** of the function.  This is used to implement the sqlite3_get_auxdata()
+** and sqlite3_set_auxdata() APIs.  The "auxdata" is some auxiliary data
+** that can be associated with a constant argument to a function.  This
+** allows functions such as "regexp" to compile their constant regular
+** expression argument once and reused the compiled code for multiple
+** invocations.
+*/
+struct VdbeFunc {
+  FuncDef *pFunc;               /* The definition of the function */
+  int nAux;                     /* Number of entries allocated for apAux[] */
+  struct AuxData {
+    void *pAux;                   /* Aux data for the i-th argument */
+    void (*xDelete)(void *);      /* Destructor for the aux data */
+  } apAux[1];                   /* One slot for each function argument */
+};
+
+/*
+** The "context" argument for a installable function.  A pointer to an
+** instance of this structure is the first argument to the routines used
+** implement the SQL functions.
+**
+** There is a typedef for this structure in sqlite.h.  So all routines,
+** even the public interface to SQLite, can use a pointer to this structure.
+** But this file is the only place where the internal details of this
+** structure are known.
+**
+** This structure is defined inside of vdbeInt.h because it uses substructures
+** (Mem) which are only defined there.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_context {
+  FuncDef *pFunc;       /* Pointer to function information.  MUST BE FIRST */
+  VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;  /* Auxilary data, if created. */
+  Mem s;                /* The return value is stored here */
+  Mem *pMem;            /* Memory cell used to store aggregate context */
+  int isError;          /* Error code returned by the function. */
+  CollSeq *pColl;       /* Collating sequence */
+};
+
+/*
+** A Set structure is used for quick testing to see if a value
+** is part of a small set.  Sets are used to implement code like
+** this:
+**            x.y IN ('hi','hoo','hum')
+*/
+typedef struct Set Set;
+struct Set {
+  Hash hash;             /* A set is just a hash table */
+  HashElem *prev;        /* Previously accessed hash elemen */
+};
+
+/*
+** An instance of the virtual machine.  This structure contains the complete
+** state of the virtual machine.
+**
+** The "sqlite3_stmt" structure pointer that is returned by sqlite3_compile()
+** is really a pointer to an instance of this structure.
+**
+** The Vdbe.inVtabMethod variable is set to non-zero for the duration of
+** any virtual table method invocations made by the vdbe program. It is
+** set to 2 for xDestroy method calls and 1 for all other methods. This
+** variable is used for two purposes: to allow xDestroy methods to execute
+** "DROP TABLE" statements and to prevent some nasty side effects of
+** malloc failure when SQLite is invoked recursively by a virtual table 
+** method function.
+*/
+struct Vdbe {
+  sqlite3 *db;            /* The database connection that owns this statement */
+  Vdbe *pPrev,*pNext;     /* Linked list of VDBEs with the same Vdbe.db */
+  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
+  int nOpAlloc;           /* Number of slots allocated for aOp[] */
+  Op *aOp;                /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
+  int nLabel;             /* Number of labels used */
+  int nLabelAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated in aLabel[] */
+  int *aLabel;            /* Space to hold the labels */
+  Mem **apArg;            /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
+  Mem *aColName;          /* Column names to return */
+  Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
+  u16 nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
+  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of slots in apCsr[] */
+  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
+  u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
+  u8 okVar;               /* True if azVar[] has been initialized */
+  ynVar nVar;             /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
+  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
+  char **azVar;           /* Name of variables */
+  u32 magic;              /* Magic number for sanity checking */
+  int nMem;               /* Number of memory locations currently allocated */
+  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
+  u32 cacheCtr;           /* VdbeCursor row cache generation counter */
+  int pc;                 /* The program counter */
+  int rc;                 /* Value to return */
+  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
+  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
+  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
+  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
+  u8 runOnlyOnce;         /* Automatically expire on reset */
+  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
+  u8 inVtabMethod;        /* See comments above */
+  u8 usesStmtJournal;     /* True if uses a statement journal */
+  u8 readOnly;            /* True for read-only statements */
+  u8 isPrepareV2;         /* True if prepared with prepare_v2() */
+  int nChange;            /* Number of db changes made since last reset */
+  int btreeMask;          /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
+  i64 startTime;          /* Time when query started - used for profiling */
+  BtreeMutexArray aMutex; /* An array of Btree used here and needing locks */
+  int aCounter[3];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
+  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
+  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
+  i64 nFkConstraint;      /* Number of imm. FK constraints this VM */
+  i64 nStmtDefCons;       /* Number of def. constraints when stmt started */
+  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has not opened stmt) */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
+#endif
+  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
+  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
+  u32 expmask;            /* Binding to these vars invalidates VM */
+  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Linked list of all sub-programs used by VM */
+};
+
+/*
+** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
+*/
+#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
+#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */
+#define VDBE_MAGIC_HALT     0x519c2973    /* VDBE has completed execution */
+#define VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD     0xb606c3c8    /* The VDBE has been deallocated */
+
+/*
+** Function prototypes
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *, VdbeCursor*);
+void sqliteVdbePopStack(Vdbe*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor*);
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE*, int, Op*);
+#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, int, Mem*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(VdbeFunc*, int);
+
+int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor *, i64 *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem*, const Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem*, const Mem*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemMove(Mem*, Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(Mem*, const char*, int, u8, void(*)(void*));
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(Mem*, i64);
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+# define sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64
+#else
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem*, double);
+#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem*,int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,int,int,int,Mem*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(Mem *pMem);
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(Vdbe *, int);
+#else
+# define sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p,i) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(Vdbe *p);
+#else
+# define sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p)
+#endif
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf);
+#endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *);
+#else
+  #define sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(x) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(_VDBEINT_H_) */
+
+/************** End of vdbeInt.h *********************************************/
+/************** Continuing where we left off in status.c *********************/
 
 /*
 ** Variables in which to record status information.
 */
 typedef struct sqlite3StatType sqlite3StatType;
 static SQLITE_WSD struct sqlite3StatType {
-  int nowValue[9];         /* Current value */
-  int mxValue[9];          /* Maximum value */
+  int nowValue[10];         /* Current value */
+  int mxValue[10];          /* Maximum value */
 } sqlite3Stat = { {0,}, {0,} };
 
 
@@ -11657,6 +12133,8 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
   int *pHighwater,      /* Write high-water mark here */
   int resetFlag         /* Reset high-water mark if true */
 ){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;   /* Return code */
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   switch( op ){
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED: {
       *pCurrent = db->lookaside.nOut;
@@ -11675,6 +12153,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED: {
       int totalUsed = 0;
       int i;
+      sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
       for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
         Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
         if( pBt ){
@@ -11682,15 +12161,80 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
           totalUsed += sqlite3PagerMemUsed(pPager);
         }
       }
+      sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
       *pCurrent = totalUsed;
       *pHighwater = 0;
       break;
     }
+
+    /*
+    ** *pCurrent gets an accurate estimate of the amount of memory used
+    ** to store the schema for all databases (main, temp, and any ATTACHed
+    ** databases.  *pHighwater is set to zero.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED: {
+      int i;                      /* Used to iterate through schemas */
+      int nByte = 0;              /* Used to accumulate return value */
+
+      db->pnBytesFreed = &nByte;
+      for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+        Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[i].pSchema;
+        if( ALWAYS(pSchema!=0) ){
+          HashElem *p;
+
+          nByte += sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRoundup(sizeof(HashElem)) * (
+              pSchema->tblHash.count 
+            + pSchema->trigHash.count
+            + pSchema->idxHash.count
+            + pSchema->fkeyHash.count
+          );
+          nByte += sqlite3MallocSize(pSchema->tblHash.ht);
+          nByte += sqlite3MallocSize(pSchema->trigHash.ht);
+          nByte += sqlite3MallocSize(pSchema->idxHash.ht);
+          nByte += sqlite3MallocSize(pSchema->fkeyHash.ht);
+
+          for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->trigHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
+            sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, (Trigger*)sqliteHashData(p));
+          }
+          for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
+            sqlite3DeleteTable(db, (Table *)sqliteHashData(p));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      db->pnBytesFreed = 0;
+
+      *pHighwater = 0;
+      *pCurrent = nByte;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    ** *pCurrent gets an accurate estimate of the amount of memory used
+    ** to store all prepared statements.
+    ** *pHighwater is set to zero.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED: {
+      struct Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* Used to iterate through VMs */
+      int nByte = 0;              /* Used to accumulate return value */
+
+      db->pnBytesFreed = &nByte;
+      for(pVdbe=db->pVdbe; pVdbe; pVdbe=pVdbe->pNext){
+        sqlite3VdbeDeleteObject(db, pVdbe);
+      }
+      db->pnBytesFreed = 0;
+
+      *pHighwater = 0;
+      *pCurrent = nByte;
+
+      break;
+    }
+
     default: {
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
   }
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /************** End of status.c **********************************************/
@@ -13799,7 +14343,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void){
 ** Set the "type" of an allocation.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void *p, u8 eType){
-  if( p ){
+  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==sqlite3MemMalloc ){
     struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
     pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
     assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );
@@ -13818,23 +14362,38 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemdebugSetType(void *p, u8 eType){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugHasType(void *p, u8 eType){
   int rc = 1;
-  if( p ){
+  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==sqlite3MemMalloc ){
     struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
     pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
     assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );         /* Allocation is valid */
-    assert( (pHdr->eType & (pHdr->eType-1))==0 );  /* Only one type bit set */
     if( (pHdr->eType&eType)==0 ){
-      void **pBt;
-      pBt = (void**)pHdr;
-      pBt -= pHdr->nBacktraceSlots;
-      backtrace_symbols_fd(pBt, pHdr->nBacktrace, fileno(stderr));
-      fprintf(stderr, "\n");
       rc = 0;
     }
   }
   return rc;
 }
- 
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the mask of type in eType matches no bits of the type of the
+** allocation p.  Also return true if p==NULL.
+**
+** This routine is designed for use within an assert() statement, to
+** verify the type of an allocation.  For example:
+**
+**     assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdebugNoType(void *p, u8 eType){
+  int rc = 1;
+  if( p && sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc==sqlite3MemMalloc ){
+    struct MemBlockHdr *pHdr;
+    pHdr = sqlite3MemsysGetHeader(p);
+    assert( pHdr->iForeGuard==FOREGUARD );         /* Allocation is valid */
+    if( (pHdr->eType&eType)!=0 ){
+      rc = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Set the number of backtrace levels kept for each allocation.
@@ -16077,6 +16636,7 @@ static void pthreadMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   */
   pthread_mutex_lock(&p->mutex);
 #if SQLITE_MUTEX_NREF
+  assert( p->nRef>0 || p->owner==0 );
   p->owner = pthread_self();
   p->nRef++;
 #endif
@@ -16149,6 +16709,7 @@ static void pthreadMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( pthreadMutexHeld(p) );
 #if SQLITE_MUTEX_NREF
   p->nRef--;
+  if( p->nRef==0 ) p->owner = 0;
 #endif
   assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
 
@@ -16413,7 +16974,7 @@ static sqlite3_mutex *winMutexAlloc(int iType){
 */
 static void winMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p );
-  assert( p->nRef==0 );
+  assert( p->nRef==0 && p->owner==0 );
   assert( p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
   DeleteCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
   sqlite3_free(p);
@@ -16437,6 +16998,7 @@ static void winMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
 #endif
   EnterCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  assert( p->nRef>0 || p->owner==0 );
   p->owner = tid; 
   p->nRef++;
   if( p->trace ){
@@ -16490,6 +17052,7 @@ static void winMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
   assert( p->nRef>0 );
   assert( p->owner==tid );
   p->nRef--;
+  if( p->nRef==0 ) p->owner = 0;
   assert( p->nRef==0 || p->id==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
 #endif
   LeaveCriticalSection(&p->mutex);
@@ -16775,6 +17338,7 @@ static int mallocWithAlarm(int n, void **pp){
   if( p ){
     nFull = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
     sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nFull);
+    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, 1);
   }
   *pp = p;
   return nFull;
@@ -16892,12 +17456,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void *p){
            || p<sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch
            || p>=(void*)mem0.aScratchFree ){
       assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_SCRATCH) );
+      assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, ~MEMTYPE_SCRATCH) );
       sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
       if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
         int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
         sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
         sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, -iSize);
         sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -iSize);
+        sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, -1);
         sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
         sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
       }else{
@@ -16932,7 +17498,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void *p){
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
 static int isLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
-  return db && p && p>=db->lookaside.pStart && p<db->lookaside.pEnd;
+  return p && p>=db->lookaside.pStart && p<db->lookaside.pEnd;
 }
 #else
 #define isLookaside(A,B) 0
@@ -16944,15 +17510,17 @@ static int isLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
   assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+  assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
   return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
   assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
+  if( db && isLookaside(db, p) ){
     return db->lookaside.sz;
   }else{
-    assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p,
-             db ? (MEMTYPE_DB|MEMTYPE_HEAP) : MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+    assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
+    assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+    assert( db!=0 || sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE) );
     return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
   }
 }
@@ -16962,10 +17530,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
 */
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *p){
   if( p==0 ) return;
+  assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
   assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
     sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
     sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, -sqlite3MallocSize(p));
+    sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, -1);
     sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
   }else{
@@ -16979,16 +17549,24 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
   assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
-    LookasideSlot *pBuf = (LookasideSlot*)p;
-    pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
-    db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
-    db->lookaside.nOut--;
-  }else{
-    assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
-    sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
-    sqlite3_free(p);
+  if( db ){
+    if( db->pnBytesFreed ){
+      *db->pnBytesFreed += sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, p);
+      return;
+    }
+    if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
+      LookasideSlot *pBuf = (LookasideSlot*)p;
+      pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
+      db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
+      db->lookaside.nOut--;
+      return;
+    }
   }
+  assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
+  assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+  assert( db!=0 || sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE) );
+  sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
+  sqlite3_free(p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -17020,6 +17598,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void *pOld, int nBytes){
       sqlite3MallocAlarm(nNew-nOld);
     }
     assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(pOld, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+    assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(pOld, ~MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
     pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
     if( pNew==0 && mem0.alarmCallback ){
       sqlite3MallocAlarm(nBytes);
@@ -17092,6 +17671,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3 *db, int n){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3 *db, int n){
   void *p;
   assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
+  assert( db==0 || db->pnBytesFreed==0 );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
   if( db ){
     LookasideSlot *pBuf;
@@ -17117,8 +17697,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3 *db, int n){
   if( !p && db ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
   }
-  sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p,
-            (db && db->lookaside.bEnabled) ? MEMTYPE_DB : MEMTYPE_HEAP);
+  sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_DB |
+         ((db && db->lookaside.bEnabled) ? MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE : MEMTYPE_HEAP));
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -17144,14 +17724,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *db, void *p, int n){
         sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
       }
     }else{
-      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
+      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
+      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
       sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
       pNew = sqlite3_realloc(p, n);
       if( !pNew ){
+        sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_DB|MEMTYPE_HEAP);
         db->mallocFailed = 1;
       }
-      sqlite3MemdebugSetType(pNew,
-            db->lookaside.bEnabled ? MEMTYPE_DB : MEMTYPE_HEAP);
+      sqlite3MemdebugSetType(pNew, MEMTYPE_DB | 
+            (db->lookaside.bEnabled ? MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE : MEMTYPE_HEAP));
     }
   }
   return pNew;
@@ -18024,7 +18606,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum *p, const char *z, int N){
       }else{
         p->nAlloc = (int)szNew;
       }
-      zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nAlloc );
+      if( p->useMalloc==1 ){
+        zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nAlloc );
+      }else{
+        zNew = sqlite3_malloc(p->nAlloc);
+      }
       if( zNew ){
         memcpy(zNew, p->zText, p->nChar);
         sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
@@ -18049,7 +18635,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum *p){
   if( p->zText ){
     p->zText[p->nChar] = 0;
     if( p->useMalloc && p->zText==p->zBase ){
-      p->zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
+      if( p->useMalloc==1 ){
+        p->zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
+      }else{
+        p->zText = sqlite3_malloc(p->nChar+1);
+      }
       if( p->zText ){
         memcpy(p->zText, p->zBase, p->nChar+1);
       }else{
@@ -18065,7 +18655,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum *p){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum *p){
   if( p->zText!=p->zBase ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zText);
+    if( p->useMalloc==1 ){
+      sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zText);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(p->zText);
+    }
   }
   p->zText = 0;
 }
@@ -18147,6 +18741,7 @@ SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char *zFormat, va_list ap){
   if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
 #endif
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, zBase, sizeof(zBase), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
+  acc.useMalloc = 2;
   sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
   z = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
   return z;
@@ -18440,429 +19035,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PrngResetState(void){
 **     0xfe 0xff   big-endian utf-16 follows
 **
 */
-/************** Include vdbeInt.h in the middle of utf.c *********************/
-/************** Begin file vdbeInt.h *****************************************/
-/*
-** 2003 September 6
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-** This is the header file for information that is private to the
-** VDBE.  This information used to all be at the top of the single
-** source code file "vdbe.c".  When that file became too big (over
-** 6000 lines long) it was split up into several smaller files and
-** this header information was factored out.
-*/
-#ifndef _VDBEINT_H_
-#define _VDBEINT_H_
-
-/*
-** SQL is translated into a sequence of instructions to be
-** executed by a virtual machine.  Each instruction is an instance
-** of the following structure.
-*/
-typedef struct VdbeOp Op;
-
-/*
-** Boolean values
-*/
-typedef unsigned char Bool;
-
-/*
-** A cursor is a pointer into a single BTree within a database file.
-** The cursor can seek to a BTree entry with a particular key, or
-** loop over all entries of the Btree.  You can also insert new BTree
-** entries or retrieve the key or data from the entry that the cursor
-** is currently pointing to.
-** 
-** Every cursor that the virtual machine has open is represented by an
-** instance of the following structure.
-**
-** If the VdbeCursor.isTriggerRow flag is set it means that this cursor is
-** really a single row that represents the NEW or OLD pseudo-table of
-** a row trigger.  The data for the row is stored in VdbeCursor.pData and
-** the rowid is in VdbeCursor.iKey.
-*/
-struct VdbeCursor {
-  BtCursor *pCursor;    /* The cursor structure of the backend */
-  int iDb;              /* Index of cursor database in db->aDb[] (or -1) */
-  i64 lastRowid;        /* Last rowid from a Next or NextIdx operation */
-  Bool zeroed;          /* True if zeroed out and ready for reuse */
-  Bool rowidIsValid;    /* True if lastRowid is valid */
-  Bool atFirst;         /* True if pointing to first entry */
-  Bool useRandomRowid;  /* Generate new record numbers semi-randomly */
-  Bool nullRow;         /* True if pointing to a row with no data */
-  Bool deferredMoveto;  /* A call to sqlite3BtreeMoveto() is needed */
-  Bool isTable;         /* True if a table requiring integer keys */
-  Bool isIndex;         /* True if an index containing keys only - no data */
-  i64 movetoTarget;     /* Argument to the deferred sqlite3BtreeMoveto() */
-  Btree *pBt;           /* Separate file holding temporary table */
-  int pseudoTableReg;   /* Register holding pseudotable content. */
-  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;    /* Info about index keys needed by index cursors */
-  int nField;           /* Number of fields in the header */
-  i64 seqCount;         /* Sequence counter */
-  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;  /* The cursor for a virtual table */
-  const sqlite3_module *pModule;     /* Module for cursor pVtabCursor */
-
-  /* Result of last sqlite3BtreeMoveto() done by an OP_NotExists or 
-  ** OP_IsUnique opcode on this cursor. */
-  int seekResult;
-
-  /* Cached information about the header for the data record that the
-  ** cursor is currently pointing to.  Only valid if cacheStatus matches
-  ** Vdbe.cacheCtr.  Vdbe.cacheCtr will never take on the value of
-  ** CACHE_STALE and so setting cacheStatus=CACHE_STALE guarantees that
-  ** the cache is out of date.
-  **
-  ** aRow might point to (ephemeral) data for the current row, or it might
-  ** be NULL.
-  */
-  u32 cacheStatus;      /* Cache is valid if this matches Vdbe.cacheCtr */
-  int payloadSize;      /* Total number of bytes in the record */
-  u32 *aType;           /* Type values for all entries in the record */
-  u32 *aOffset;         /* Cached offsets to the start of each columns data */
-  u8 *aRow;             /* Data for the current row, if all on one page */
-};
-typedef struct VdbeCursor VdbeCursor;
-
-/*
-** When a sub-program is executed (OP_Program), a structure of this type
-** is allocated to store the current value of the program counter, as
-** well as the current memory cell array and various other frame specific
-** values stored in the Vdbe struct. When the sub-program is finished, 
-** these values are copied back to the Vdbe from the VdbeFrame structure,
-** restoring the state of the VM to as it was before the sub-program
-** began executing.
-**
-** Frames are stored in a linked list headed at Vdbe.pParent. Vdbe.pParent
-** is the parent of the current frame, or zero if the current frame
-** is the main Vdbe program.
-*/
-typedef struct VdbeFrame VdbeFrame;
-struct VdbeFrame {
-  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
-  int pc;                 /* Program Counter */
-  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions */
-  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
-  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells */
-  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */
-  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Element of Vdbe cursors */
-  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
-  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
-  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
-  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
-  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
-  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
-  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame */
-};
-
-#define VdbeFrameMem(p) ((Mem *)&((u8 *)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))])
-
-/*
-** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheValid that means the cache is always invalid.
-*/
-#define CACHE_STALE 0
-
-/*
-** Internally, the vdbe manipulates nearly all SQL values as Mem
-** structures. Each Mem struct may cache multiple representations (string,
-** integer etc.) of the same value.  A value (and therefore Mem structure)
-** has the following properties:
-**
-** Each value has a manifest type. The manifest type of the value stored
-** in a Mem struct is returned by the MemType(Mem*) macro. The type is
-** one of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_REAL, SQLITE_TEXT or
-** SQLITE_BLOB.
-*/
-struct Mem {
-  union {
-    i64 i;              /* Integer value. */
-    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
-    FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
-    RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
-    VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
-  } u;
-  double r;           /* Real value */
-  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
-  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */
-  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, excluding '\0' */
-  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
-  u8  type;           /* One of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_INTEGER, etc */
-  u8  enc;            /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_UTF16LE */
-  void (*xDel)(void *);  /* If not null, call this function to delete Mem.z */
-  char *zMalloc;      /* Dynamic buffer allocated by sqlite3_malloc() */
-};
-
-/* One or more of the following flags are set to indicate the validOK
-** representations of the value stored in the Mem struct.
-**
-** If the MEM_Null flag is set, then the value is an SQL NULL value.
-** No other flags may be set in this case.
-**
-** If the MEM_Str flag is set then Mem.z points at a string representation.
-** Usually this is encoded in the same unicode encoding as the main
-** database (see below for exceptions). If the MEM_Term flag is also
-** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real 
-** flags may coexist with the MEM_Str flag.
-**
-** Multiple of these values can appear in Mem.flags.  But only one
-** at a time can appear in Mem.type.
-*/
-#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
-#define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
-#define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
-#define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
-#define MEM_Blob      0x0010   /* Value is a BLOB */
-#define MEM_RowSet    0x0020   /* Value is a RowSet object */
-#define MEM_Frame     0x0040   /* Value is a VdbeFrame object */
-#define MEM_TypeMask  0x00ff   /* Mask of type bits */
-
-/* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
-** the following flags must be set to determine the memory management
-** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
-** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
-*/
-#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String rep is nul terminated */
-#define MEM_Dyn       0x0400   /* Need to call sqliteFree() on Mem.z */
-#define MEM_Static    0x0800   /* Mem.z points to a static string */
-#define MEM_Ephem     0x1000   /* Mem.z points to an ephemeral string */
-#define MEM_Agg       0x2000   /* Mem.z points to an agg function context */
-#define MEM_Zero      0x4000   /* Mem.i contains count of 0s appended to blob */
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  #undef MEM_Zero
-  #define MEM_Zero 0x0000
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Clear any existing type flags from a Mem and replace them with f
-*/
-#define MemSetTypeFlag(p, f) \
-   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero))|f)
-
-
-/* A VdbeFunc is just a FuncDef (defined in sqliteInt.h) that contains
-** additional information about auxiliary information bound to arguments
-** of the function.  This is used to implement the sqlite3_get_auxdata()
-** and sqlite3_set_auxdata() APIs.  The "auxdata" is some auxiliary data
-** that can be associated with a constant argument to a function.  This
-** allows functions such as "regexp" to compile their constant regular
-** expression argument once and reused the compiled code for multiple
-** invocations.
-*/
-struct VdbeFunc {
-  FuncDef *pFunc;               /* The definition of the function */
-  int nAux;                     /* Number of entries allocated for apAux[] */
-  struct AuxData {
-    void *pAux;                   /* Aux data for the i-th argument */
-    void (*xDelete)(void *);      /* Destructor for the aux data */
-  } apAux[1];                   /* One slot for each function argument */
-};
-
-/*
-** The "context" argument for a installable function.  A pointer to an
-** instance of this structure is the first argument to the routines used
-** implement the SQL functions.
-**
-** There is a typedef for this structure in sqlite.h.  So all routines,
-** even the public interface to SQLite, can use a pointer to this structure.
-** But this file is the only place where the internal details of this
-** structure are known.
-**
-** This structure is defined inside of vdbeInt.h because it uses substructures
-** (Mem) which are only defined there.
-*/
-struct sqlite3_context {
-  FuncDef *pFunc;       /* Pointer to function information.  MUST BE FIRST */
-  VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;  /* Auxilary data, if created. */
-  Mem s;                /* The return value is stored here */
-  Mem *pMem;            /* Memory cell used to store aggregate context */
-  int isError;          /* Error code returned by the function. */
-  CollSeq *pColl;       /* Collating sequence */
-};
-
-/*
-** A Set structure is used for quick testing to see if a value
-** is part of a small set.  Sets are used to implement code like
-** this:
-**            x.y IN ('hi','hoo','hum')
-*/
-typedef struct Set Set;
-struct Set {
-  Hash hash;             /* A set is just a hash table */
-  HashElem *prev;        /* Previously accessed hash elemen */
-};
-
-/*
-** An instance of the virtual machine.  This structure contains the complete
-** state of the virtual machine.
-**
-** The "sqlite3_stmt" structure pointer that is returned by sqlite3_compile()
-** is really a pointer to an instance of this structure.
-**
-** The Vdbe.inVtabMethod variable is set to non-zero for the duration of
-** any virtual table method invocations made by the vdbe program. It is
-** set to 2 for xDestroy method calls and 1 for all other methods. This
-** variable is used for two purposes: to allow xDestroy methods to execute
-** "DROP TABLE" statements and to prevent some nasty side effects of
-** malloc failure when SQLite is invoked recursively by a virtual table 
-** method function.
-*/
-struct Vdbe {
-  sqlite3 *db;            /* The database connection that owns this statement */
-  Vdbe *pPrev,*pNext;     /* Linked list of VDBEs with the same Vdbe.db */
-  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
-  int nOpAlloc;           /* Number of slots allocated for aOp[] */
-  Op *aOp;                /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
-  int nLabel;             /* Number of labels used */
-  int nLabelAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated in aLabel[] */
-  int *aLabel;            /* Space to hold the labels */
-  Mem **apArg;            /* Arguments to currently executing user function */
-  Mem *aColName;          /* Column names to return */
-  Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
-  u16 nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
-  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of slots in apCsr[] */
-  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* One element of this array for each open cursor */
-  u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
-  u8 okVar;               /* True if azVar[] has been initialized */
-  ynVar nVar;             /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
-  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
-  char **azVar;           /* Name of variables */
-  u32 magic;              /* Magic number for sanity checking */
-  int nMem;               /* Number of memory locations currently allocated */
-  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
-  u32 cacheCtr;           /* VdbeCursor row cache generation counter */
-  int pc;                 /* The program counter */
-  int rc;                 /* Value to return */
-  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
-  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
-  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
-  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
-  u8 runOnlyOnce;         /* Automatically expire on reset */
-  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
-  u8 inVtabMethod;        /* See comments above */
-  u8 usesStmtJournal;     /* True if uses a statement journal */
-  u8 readOnly;            /* True for read-only statements */
-  u8 isPrepareV2;         /* True if prepared with prepare_v2() */
-  int nChange;            /* Number of db changes made since last reset */
-  int btreeMask;          /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
-  i64 startTime;          /* Time when query started - used for profiling */
-  BtreeMutexArray aMutex; /* An array of Btree used here and needing locks */
-  int aCounter[3];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
-  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
-  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
-  i64 nFkConstraint;      /* Number of imm. FK constraints this VM */
-  i64 nStmtDefCons;       /* Number of def. constraints when stmt started */
-  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has not opened stmt) */
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
-#endif
-  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
-  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
-  u32 expmask;            /* Binding to these vars invalidates VM */
-};
-
-/*
-** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
-*/
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_HALT     0x519c2973    /* VDBE has completed execution */
-#define VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD     0xb606c3c8    /* The VDBE has been deallocated */
-
-/*
-** Function prototypes
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(Vdbe *, VdbeCursor*);
-void sqliteVdbePopStack(Vdbe*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor*);
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE*, int, Op*);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, int, Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(VdbeFunc*, int);
-
-int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor *, i64 *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeList(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem*, const Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem*, const Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemMove(Mem*, Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(Mem*, const char*, int, u8, void(*)(void*));
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(Mem*, i64);
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-# define sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64
-#else
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem*, double);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,int,int,int,Mem*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(Mem *pMem);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(Vdbe *, int);
-#else
-# define sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p,i) 0
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(Vdbe *p);
-#else
-# define sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p)
-#endif
-
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf);
-#endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *);
-#else
-  #define sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(x) SQLITE_OK
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !defined(_VDBEINT_H_) */
-
-/************** End of vdbeInt.h *********************************************/
-/************** Continuing where we left off in utf.c ************************/
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
 /*
@@ -22453,6 +22625,7 @@ struct unixFile {
   int fileFlags;                      /* Miscellanous flags */
   const char *zPath;                  /* Name of the file */
   unixShm *pShm;                      /* Shared memory segment information */
+  int szChunk;                        /* Configured by FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE */
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
   int openFlags;                      /* The flags specified at open() */
 #endif
@@ -25211,6 +25384,7 @@ static int unixWrite(
   }
   SimulateIOError(( wrote=(-1), amt=1 ));
   SimulateDiskfullError(( wrote=0, amt=1 ));
+
   if( amt>0 ){
     if( wrote<0 ){
       /* lastErrno set by seekAndWrite */
@@ -25220,6 +25394,7 @@ static int unixWrite(
       return SQLITE_FULL;
     }
   }
+
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -25421,12 +25596,23 @@ static int unixSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
 ** Truncate an open file to a specified size
 */
 static int unixTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte){
+  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile *)id;
   int rc;
-  assert( id );
+  assert( pFile );
   SimulateIOError( return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE );
-  rc = ftruncate(((unixFile*)id)->h, (off_t)nByte);
+
+  /* If the user has configured a chunk-size for this file, truncate the
+  ** file so that it consists of an integer number of chunks (i.e. the
+  ** actual file size after the operation may be larger than the requested
+  ** size).
+  */
+  if( pFile->szChunk ){
+    nByte = ((nByte + pFile->szChunk - 1)/pFile->szChunk) * pFile->szChunk;
+  }
+
+  rc = ftruncate(pFile->h, (off_t)nByte);
   if( rc ){
-    ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno = errno;
+    pFile->lastErrno = errno;
     return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
   }else{
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -25437,8 +25623,8 @@ static int unixTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, i64 nByte){
     ** when restoring a database using the backup API from a zero-length
     ** source.
     */
-    if( ((unixFile*)id)->inNormalWrite && nByte==0 ){
-      ((unixFile*)id)->transCntrChng = 1;
+    if( pFile->inNormalWrite && nByte==0 ){
+      pFile->transCntrChng = 1;
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -25481,6 +25667,54 @@ static int unixFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
 static int proxyFileControl(sqlite3_file*,int,void*);
 #endif
 
+/* 
+** This function is called to handle the SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT 
+** file-control operation.
+**
+** If the user has configured a chunk-size for this file, it could be
+** that the file needs to be extended at this point. Otherwise, the
+** SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT operation is a no-op for Unix.
+*/
+static int fcntlSizeHint(unixFile *pFile, i64 nByte){
+  if( pFile->szChunk ){
+    i64 nSize;                    /* Required file size */
+    struct stat buf;              /* Used to hold return values of fstat() */
+   
+    if( fstat(pFile->h, &buf) ) return SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT;
+
+    nSize = ((nByte+pFile->szChunk-1) / pFile->szChunk) * pFile->szChunk;
+    if( nSize>(i64)buf.st_size ){
+#if defined(HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE) && HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
+      if( posix_fallocate(pFile->h, buf.st_size, nSize-buf.st_size) ){
+        return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
+      }
+#else
+      /* If the OS does not have posix_fallocate(), fake it. First use
+      ** ftruncate() to set the file size, then write a single byte to
+      ** the last byte in each block within the extended region. This
+      ** is the same technique used by glibc to implement posix_fallocate()
+      ** on systems that do not have a real fallocate() system call.
+      */
+      int nBlk = buf.st_blksize;  /* File-system block size */
+      i64 iWrite;                 /* Next offset to write to */
+      int nWrite;                 /* Return value from seekAndWrite() */
+
+      if( ftruncate(pFile->h, nSize) ){
+        pFile->lastErrno = errno;
+        return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
+      }
+      iWrite = ((buf.st_size + 2*nBlk - 1)/nBlk)*nBlk-1;
+      do {
+        nWrite = seekAndWrite(pFile, iWrite, "", 1);
+        iWrite += nBlk;
+      } while( nWrite==1 && iWrite<nSize );
+      if( nWrite!=1 ) return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Information and control of an open file handle.
@@ -25495,14 +25729,13 @@ static int unixFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       *(int*)pArg = ((unixFile*)id)->lastErrno;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
-    case SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT: {
-#if 0 /* No performance advantage seen on Linux */
-      sqlite3_int64 szFile = *(sqlite3_int64*)pArg;
-      unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
-      ftruncate(pFile->h, szFile);
-#endif
+    case SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE: {
+      ((unixFile*)id)->szChunk = *(int *)pArg;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
+    case SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT: {
+      return fcntlSizeHint((unixFile *)id, *(i64 *)pArg);
+    }
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     /* The pager calls this method to signal that it has done
     ** a rollback and that the database is therefore unchanged and
@@ -28366,7 +28599,7 @@ static int proxyTransformUnixFile(unixFile *pFile, const char *path) {
       pCtx->conchFile->pMethod->xClose((sqlite3_file *)pCtx->conchFile);
       sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFile);
     }
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->lockProxyPath);
+    sqlite3DbFree(0, pCtx->lockProxyPath);
     sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFilePath); 
     sqlite3_free(pCtx);
   }
@@ -28557,9 +28790,9 @@ static int proxyClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
       if( rc ) return rc;
       sqlite3_free(conchFile);
     }
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->lockProxyPath);
+    sqlite3DbFree(0, pCtx->lockProxyPath);
     sqlite3_free(pCtx->conchFilePath);
-    sqlite3_free(pCtx->dbPath);
+    sqlite3DbFree(0, pCtx->dbPath);
     /* restore the original locking context and pMethod then close it */
     pFile->lockingContext = pCtx->oldLockingContext;
     pFile->pMethod = pCtx->pOldMethod;
@@ -29005,6 +29238,7 @@ struct winFile {
   DWORD sectorSize;       /* Sector size of the device file is on */
   winShm *pShm;           /* Instance of shared memory on this file */
   const char *zPath;      /* Full pathname of this file */
+  int szChunk;            /* Chunk size configured by FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE */
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINCE
   WCHAR *zDeleteOnClose;  /* Name of file to delete when closing */
   HANDLE hMutex;          /* Mutex used to control access to shared lock */  
@@ -29517,6 +29751,42 @@ static BOOL winceLockFileEx(
 ******************************************************************************/
 
 /*
+** Some microsoft compilers lack this definition.
+*/
+#ifndef INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
+# define INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ((DWORD)-1)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Move the current position of the file handle passed as the first 
+** argument to offset iOffset within the file. If successful, return 0. 
+** Otherwise, set pFile->lastErrno and return non-zero.
+*/
+static int seekWinFile(winFile *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iOffset){
+  LONG upperBits;                 /* Most sig. 32 bits of new offset */
+  LONG lowerBits;                 /* Least sig. 32 bits of new offset */
+  DWORD dwRet;                    /* Value returned by SetFilePointer() */
+
+  upperBits = (LONG)((iOffset>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
+  lowerBits = (LONG)(iOffset & 0xffffffff);
+
+  /* API oddity: If successful, SetFilePointer() returns a dword 
+  ** containing the lower 32-bits of the new file-offset. Or, if it fails,
+  ** it returns INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER. However according to MSDN, 
+  ** INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER may also be a valid new offset. So to determine 
+  ** whether an error has actually occured, it is also necessary to call 
+  ** GetLastError().
+  */
+  dwRet = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
+  if( (dwRet==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && GetLastError()!=NO_ERROR) ){
+    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close a file.
 **
 ** It is reported that an attempt to close a handle might sometimes
@@ -29559,13 +29829,6 @@ static int winClose(sqlite3_file *id){
 }
 
 /*
-** Some microsoft compilers lack this definition.
-*/
-#ifndef INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
-# define INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ((DWORD)-1)
-#endif
-
-/*
 ** Read data from a file into a buffer.  Return SQLITE_OK if all
 ** bytes were read successfully and SQLITE_IOERR if anything goes
 ** wrong.
@@ -29576,32 +29839,27 @@ static int winRead(
   int amt,                   /* Number of bytes to read */
   sqlite3_int64 offset       /* Begin reading at this offset */
 ){
-  LONG upperBits = (LONG)((offset>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
-  LONG lowerBits = (LONG)(offset & 0xffffffff);
-  DWORD rc;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-  DWORD got;
+  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;  /* file handle */
+  DWORD nRead;                    /* Number of bytes actually read from file */
 
   assert( id!=0 );
   SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_READ);
   OSTRACE(("READ %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype));
-  rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
-  if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && (error=GetLastError())!=NO_ERROR ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
+
+  if( seekWinFile(pFile, offset) ){
     return SQLITE_FULL;
   }
-  if( !ReadFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &got, 0) ){
+  if( !ReadFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &nRead, 0) ){
     pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
     return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
   }
-  if( got==(DWORD)amt ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
+  if( nRead<(DWORD)amt ){
     /* Unread parts of the buffer must be zero-filled */
-    memset(&((char*)pBuf)[got], 0, amt-got);
+    memset(&((char*)pBuf)[nRead], 0, amt-nRead);
     return SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ;
   }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -29609,47 +29867,42 @@ static int winRead(
 ** or some other error code on failure.
 */
 static int winWrite(
-  sqlite3_file *id,         /* File to write into */
-  const void *pBuf,         /* The bytes to be written */
-  int amt,                  /* Number of bytes to write */
-  sqlite3_int64 offset      /* Offset into the file to begin writing at */
+  sqlite3_file *id,               /* File to write into */
+  const void *pBuf,               /* The bytes to be written */
+  int amt,                        /* Number of bytes to write */
+  sqlite3_int64 offset            /* Offset into the file to begin writing at */
 ){
-  LONG upperBits = (LONG)((offset>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
-  LONG lowerBits = (LONG)(offset & 0xffffffff);
-  DWORD rc;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-  DWORD wrote = 0;
+  int rc;                         /* True if error has occured, else false */
+  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;  /* File handle */
 
-  assert( id!=0 );
+  assert( amt>0 );
+  assert( pFile );
   SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE);
   SimulateDiskfullError(return SQLITE_FULL);
+
   OSTRACE(("WRITE %d lock=%d\n", pFile->h, pFile->locktype));
-  rc = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
-  if( rc==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && (error=GetLastError())!=NO_ERROR ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
-    if( pFile->lastErrno==ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL ){
-      return SQLITE_FULL;
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
+
+  rc = seekWinFile(pFile, offset);
+  if( rc==0 ){
+    u8 *aRem = (u8 *)pBuf;        /* Data yet to be written */
+    int nRem = amt;               /* Number of bytes yet to be written */
+    DWORD nWrite;                 /* Bytes written by each WriteFile() call */
+
+    while( nRem>0 && WriteFile(pFile->h, aRem, nRem, &nWrite, 0) && nWrite>0 ){
+      aRem += nWrite;
+      nRem -= nWrite;
+    }
+    if( nRem>0 ){
+      pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
+      rc = 1;
     }
   }
-  assert( amt>0 );
-  while(
-     amt>0
-     && (rc = WriteFile(pFile->h, pBuf, amt, &wrote, 0))!=0
-     && wrote>0
-  ){
-    amt -= wrote;
-    pBuf = &((char*)pBuf)[wrote];
-  }
-  if( !rc || amt>(int)wrote ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
+
+  if( rc ){
     if( pFile->lastErrno==ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL ){
       return SQLITE_FULL;
-    }else{
-      return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
     }
+    return SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -29658,26 +29911,32 @@ static int winWrite(
 ** Truncate an open file to a specified size
 */
 static int winTruncate(sqlite3_file *id, sqlite3_int64 nByte){
-  LONG upperBits = (LONG)((nByte>>32) & 0x7fffffff);
-  LONG lowerBits = (LONG)(nByte & 0xffffffff);
-  DWORD dwRet;
-  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;
-  DWORD error;
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)id;  /* File handle object */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code for this function */
+
+  assert( pFile );
 
-  assert( id!=0 );
   OSTRACE(("TRUNCATE %d %lld\n", pFile->h, nByte));
   SimulateIOError(return SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE);
-  dwRet = SetFilePointer(pFile->h, lowerBits, &upperBits, FILE_BEGIN);
-  if( dwRet==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER && (error=GetLastError())!=NO_ERROR ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = error;
+
+  /* If the user has configured a chunk-size for this file, truncate the
+  ** file so that it consists of an integer number of chunks (i.e. the
+  ** actual file size after the operation may be larger than the requested
+  ** size).
+  */
+  if( pFile->szChunk ){
+    nByte = ((nByte + pFile->szChunk - 1)/pFile->szChunk) * pFile->szChunk;
+  }
+
+  /* SetEndOfFile() returns non-zero when successful, or zero when it fails. */
+  if( seekWinFile(pFile, nByte) ){
     rc = SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
-  /* SetEndOfFile will fail if nByte is negative */
-  }else if( !SetEndOfFile(pFile->h) ){
+  }else if( 0==SetEndOfFile(pFile->h) ){
     pFile->lastErrno = GetLastError();
     rc = SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE;
   }
-  OSTRACE(("TRUNCATE %d %lld %s\n", pFile->h, nByte, rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
+
+  OSTRACE(("TRUNCATE %d %lld %s\n", pFile->h, nByte, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -30042,6 +30301,10 @@ static int winFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       *(int*)pArg = (int)((winFile*)id)->lastErrno;
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
+    case SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE: {
+      ((winFile*)id)->szChunk = *(int *)pArg;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT: {
       sqlite3_int64 sz = *(sqlite3_int64*)pArg;
       SimulateIOErrorBenign(1);
@@ -31593,7 +31856,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void){
 */
 
 /* Size of the Bitvec structure in bytes. */
-#define BITVEC_SZ        (sizeof(void*)*128)  /* 512 on 32bit.  1024 on 64bit */
+#define BITVEC_SZ        512
 
 /* Round the union size down to the nearest pointer boundary, since that's how 
 ** it will be aligned within the Bitvec struct. */
@@ -32703,11 +32966,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup(void *pBuf, int sz, int n){
 static void *pcache1Alloc(int nByte){
   void *p;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
+  sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, nByte);
   if( nByte<=pcache1.szSlot && pcache1.pFree ){
     assert( pcache1.isInit );
     p = (PgHdr1 *)pcache1.pFree;
     pcache1.pFree = pcache1.pFree->pNext;
-    sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, nByte);
     sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, 1);
   }else{
 
@@ -32751,6 +33014,25 @@ static void pcache1Free(void *p){
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
+/*
+** Return the size of a pache allocation
+*/
+static int pcache1MemSize(void *p){
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pcache1.mutex) );
+  if( p>=pcache1.pStart && p<pcache1.pEnd ){
+    return pcache1.szSlot;
+  }else{
+    int iSize;
+    assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_PCACHE) );
+    sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
+    iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
+    sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_PCACHE);
+    return iSize;
+  }
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT */
+
 /*
 ** Allocate a new page object initially associated with cache pCache.
 */
@@ -33299,7 +33581,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PcacheReleaseMemory(int nReq){
     PgHdr1 *p;
     pcache1EnterMutex();
     while( (nReq<0 || nFree<nReq) && (p=pcache1.pLruTail) ){
-      nFree += sqlite3MallocSize(PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(p));
+      nFree += pcache1MemSize(PGHDR1_TO_PAGE(p));
       pcache1PinPage(p);
       pcache1RemoveFromHash(p);
       pcache1FreePage(p);
@@ -33808,7 +34090,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet *pRowSet, u8 iBatch, sqlite3_int64 i
 # define sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction(y,z)   0
 # define sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(z)
 # define sqlite3WalRead(v,w,x,y,z)             0
-# define sqlite3WalDbsize(y,z)
+# define sqlite3WalDbsize(y)                   0
 # define sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction(y)    0
 # define sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(x)      0
 # define sqlite3WalUndo(x,y,z)                 0
@@ -33844,9 +34126,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(Wal *pWal);
 /* Read a page from the write-ahead log, if it is present. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalRead(Wal *pWal, Pgno pgno, int *pInWal, int nOut, u8 *pOut);
 
-/* Return the size of the database as it existed at the beginning
-** of the snapshot */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal, Pgno *pPgno);
+/* If the WAL is not empty, return the size of the database. */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal);
 
 /* Obtain or release the WRITER lock. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction(Wal *pWal);
@@ -33892,8 +34173,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op);
 /************** End of wal.h *************************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in pager.c **********************/
 
-/*
-******************** NOTES ON THE DESIGN OF THE PAGER ************************
+
+/******************* NOTES ON THE DESIGN OF THE PAGER ************************
+**
+** This comment block describes invariants that hold when using a rollback
+** journal.  These invariants do not apply for journal_mode=WAL,
+** journal_mode=MEMORY, or journal_mode=OFF.
 **
 ** Within this comment block, a page is deemed to have been synced
 ** automatically as soon as it is written when PRAGMA synchronous=OFF.
@@ -33927,7 +34212,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op);
 **     transaction.
 ** 
 ** (3) Writes to the database file are an integer multiple of the page size
-**     in length and are aligned to a page boundary.
+**     in length and are aligned on a page boundary.
 ** 
 ** (4) Reads from the database file are either aligned on a page boundary and
 **     an integer multiple of the page size in length or are taken from the
@@ -33958,7 +34243,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op);
 ** 
 ** (9) Whenever the database file is modified, at least one bit in the range
 **     of bytes from 24 through 39 inclusive will be changed prior to releasing
-**     the EXCLUSIVE lock.
+**     the EXCLUSIVE lock, thus signaling other connections on the same
+**     database to flush their caches.
 **
 ** (10) The pattern of bits in bytes 24 through 39 shall not repeat in less
 **      than one billion transactions.
@@ -33971,7 +34257,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op);
 **
 ** (13) A SHARED lock is held on the database file while reading any
 **      content out of the database file.
-*/
+**
+******************************************************************************/
 
 /*
 ** Macros for troubleshooting.  Normally turned off
@@ -33996,58 +34283,279 @@ int sqlite3PagerTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 #define FILEHANDLEID(fd) ((int)fd)
 
 /*
-** The page cache as a whole is always in one of the following
-** states:
-**
-**   PAGER_UNLOCK        The page cache is not currently reading or 
-**                       writing the database file.  There is no
-**                       data held in memory.  This is the initial
-**                       state.
-**
-**   PAGER_SHARED        The page cache is reading the database.
-**                       Writing is not permitted.  There can be
-**                       multiple readers accessing the same database
-**                       file at the same time.
-**
-**   PAGER_RESERVED      This process has reserved the database for writing
-**                       but has not yet made any changes.  Only one process
-**                       at a time can reserve the database.  The original
-**                       database file has not been modified so other
-**                       processes may still be reading the on-disk
-**                       database file.
-**
-**   PAGER_EXCLUSIVE     The page cache is writing the database.
-**                       Access is exclusive.  No other processes or
-**                       threads can be reading or writing while one
-**                       process is writing.
-**
-**   PAGER_SYNCED        The pager moves to this state from PAGER_EXCLUSIVE
-**                       after all dirty pages have been written to the
-**                       database file and the file has been synced to
-**                       disk. All that remains to do is to remove or
-**                       truncate the journal file and the transaction 
-**                       will be committed.
-**
-** The page cache comes up in PAGER_UNLOCK.  The first time a
-** sqlite3PagerGet() occurs, the state transitions to PAGER_SHARED.
-** After all pages have been released using sqlite_page_unref(),
-** the state transitions back to PAGER_UNLOCK.  The first time
-** that sqlite3PagerWrite() is called, the state transitions to
-** PAGER_RESERVED.  (Note that sqlite3PagerWrite() can only be
-** called on an outstanding page which means that the pager must
-** be in PAGER_SHARED before it transitions to PAGER_RESERVED.)
-** PAGER_RESERVED means that there is an open rollback journal.
-** The transition to PAGER_EXCLUSIVE occurs before any changes
-** are made to the database file, though writes to the rollback
-** journal occurs with just PAGER_RESERVED.  After an sqlite3PagerRollback()
-** or sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(), the state can go back to PAGER_SHARED,
-** or it can stay at PAGER_EXCLUSIVE if we are in exclusive access mode.
-*/
-#define PAGER_UNLOCK      0
-#define PAGER_SHARED      1   /* same as SHARED_LOCK */
-#define PAGER_RESERVED    2   /* same as RESERVED_LOCK */
-#define PAGER_EXCLUSIVE   4   /* same as EXCLUSIVE_LOCK */
-#define PAGER_SYNCED      5
+** The Pager.eState variable stores the current 'state' of a pager. A
+** pager may be in any one of the seven states shown in the following
+** state diagram.
+**
+**                            OPEN <------+------+
+**                              |         |      |
+**                              V         |      |
+**               +---------> READER-------+      |
+**               |              |                |
+**               |              V                |
+**               |<-------WRITER_LOCKED------> ERROR
+**               |              |                ^  
+**               |              V                |
+**               |<------WRITER_CACHEMOD-------->|
+**               |              |                |
+**               |              V                |
+**               |<-------WRITER_DBMOD---------->|
+**               |              |                |
+**               |              V                |
+**               +<------WRITER_FINISHED-------->+
+**
+**
+** List of state transitions and the C [function] that performs each:
+** 
+**   OPEN              -> READER              [sqlite3PagerSharedLock]
+**   READER            -> OPEN                [pager_unlock]
+**
+**   READER            -> WRITER_LOCKED       [sqlite3PagerBegin]
+**   WRITER_LOCKED     -> WRITER_CACHEMOD     [pager_open_journal]
+**   WRITER_CACHEMOD   -> WRITER_DBMOD        [syncJournal]
+**   WRITER_DBMOD      -> WRITER_FINISHED     [sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne]
+**   WRITER_***        -> READER              [pager_end_transaction]
+**
+**   WRITER_***        -> ERROR               [pager_error]
+**   ERROR             -> OPEN                [pager_unlock]
+** 
+**
+**  OPEN:
+**
+**    The pager starts up in this state. Nothing is guaranteed in this
+**    state - the file may or may not be locked and the database size is
+**    unknown. The database may not be read or written.
+**
+**    * No read or write transaction is active.
+**    * Any lock, or no lock at all, may be held on the database file.
+**    * The dbSize, dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables may not be trusted.
+**
+**  READER:
+**
+**    In this state all the requirements for reading the database in 
+**    rollback (non-WAL) mode are met. Unless the pager is (or recently
+**    was) in exclusive-locking mode, a user-level read transaction is 
+**    open. The database size is known in this state.
+**
+**    A connection running with locking_mode=normal enters this state when
+**    it opens a read-transaction on the database and returns to state
+**    OPEN after the read-transaction is completed. However a connection
+**    running in locking_mode=exclusive (including temp databases) remains in
+**    this state even after the read-transaction is closed. The only way
+**    a locking_mode=exclusive connection can transition from READER to OPEN
+**    is via the ERROR state (see below).
+** 
+**    * A read transaction may be active (but a write-transaction cannot).
+**    * A SHARED or greater lock is held on the database file.
+**    * The dbSize variable may be trusted (even if a user-level read 
+**      transaction is not active). The dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables
+**      may not be trusted at this point.
+**    * If the database is a WAL database, then the WAL connection is open.
+**    * Even if a read-transaction is not open, it is guaranteed that 
+**      there is no hot-journal in the file-system.
+**
+**  WRITER_LOCKED:
+**
+**    The pager moves to this state from READER when a write-transaction
+**    is first opened on the database. In WRITER_LOCKED state, all locks 
+**    required to start a write-transaction are held, but no actual 
+**    modifications to the cache or database have taken place.
+**
+**    In rollback mode, a RESERVED or (if the transaction was opened with 
+**    BEGIN EXCLUSIVE) EXCLUSIVE lock is obtained on the database file when
+**    moving to this state, but the journal file is not written to or opened 
+**    to in this state. If the transaction is committed or rolled back while 
+**    in WRITER_LOCKED state, all that is required is to unlock the database 
+**    file.
+**
+**    IN WAL mode, WalBeginWriteTransaction() is called to lock the log file.
+**    If the connection is running with locking_mode=exclusive, an attempt
+**    is made to obtain an EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file.
+**
+**    * A write transaction is active.
+**    * If the connection is open in rollback-mode, a RESERVED or greater 
+**      lock is held on the database file.
+**    * If the connection is open in WAL-mode, a WAL write transaction
+**      is open (i.e. sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction() has been successfully
+**      called).
+**    * The dbSize, dbOrigSize and dbFileSize variables are all valid.
+**    * The contents of the pager cache have not been modified.
+**    * The journal file may or may not be open.
+**    * Nothing (not even the first header) has been written to the journal.
+**
+**  WRITER_CACHEMOD:
+**
+**    A pager moves from WRITER_LOCKED state to this state when a page is
+**    first modified by the upper layer. In rollback mode the journal file
+**    is opened (if it is not already open) and a header written to the
+**    start of it. The database file on disk has not been modified.
+**
+**    * A write transaction is active.
+**    * A RESERVED or greater lock is held on the database file.
+**    * The journal file is open and the first header has been written 
+**      to it, but the header has not been synced to disk.
+**    * The contents of the page cache have been modified.
+**
+**  WRITER_DBMOD:
+**
+**    The pager transitions from WRITER_CACHEMOD into WRITER_DBMOD state
+**    when it modifies the contents of the database file. WAL connections
+**    never enter this state (since they do not modify the database file,
+**    just the log file).
+**
+**    * A write transaction is active.
+**    * An EXCLUSIVE or greater lock is held on the database file.
+**    * The journal file is open and the first header has been written 
+**      and synced to disk.
+**    * The contents of the page cache have been modified (and possibly
+**      written to disk).
+**
+**  WRITER_FINISHED:
+**
+**    It is not possible for a WAL connection to enter this state.
+**
+**    A rollback-mode pager changes to WRITER_FINISHED state from WRITER_DBMOD
+**    state after the entire transaction has been successfully written into the
+**    database file. In this state the transaction may be committed simply
+**    by finalizing the journal file. Once in WRITER_FINISHED state, it is 
+**    not possible to modify the database further. At this point, the upper 
+**    layer must either commit or rollback the transaction.
+**
+**    * A write transaction is active.
+**    * An EXCLUSIVE or greater lock is held on the database file.
+**    * All writing and syncing of journal and database data has finished.
+**      If no error occured, all that remains is to finalize the journal to
+**      commit the transaction. If an error did occur, the caller will need
+**      to rollback the transaction. 
+**
+**  ERROR:
+**
+**    The ERROR state is entered when an IO or disk-full error (including
+**    SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM) occurs at a point in the code that makes it 
+**    difficult to be sure that the in-memory pager state (cache contents, 
+**    db size etc.) are consistent with the contents of the file-system.
+**
+**    Temporary pager files may enter the ERROR state, but in-memory pagers
+**    cannot.
+**
+**    For example, if an IO error occurs while performing a rollback, 
+**    the contents of the page-cache may be left in an inconsistent state.
+**    At this point it would be dangerous to change back to READER state
+**    (as usually happens after a rollback). Any subsequent readers might
+**    report database corruption (due to the inconsistent cache), and if
+**    they upgrade to writers, they may inadvertently corrupt the database
+**    file. To avoid this hazard, the pager switches into the ERROR state
+**    instead of READER following such an error.
+**
+**    Once it has entered the ERROR state, any attempt to use the pager
+**    to read or write data returns an error. Eventually, once all 
+**    outstanding transactions have been abandoned, the pager is able to
+**    transition back to OPEN state, discarding the contents of the 
+**    page-cache and any other in-memory state at the same time. Everything
+**    is reloaded from disk (and, if necessary, hot-journal rollback peformed)
+**    when a read-transaction is next opened on the pager (transitioning
+**    the pager into READER state). At that point the system has recovered 
+**    from the error.
+**
+**    Specifically, the pager jumps into the ERROR state if:
+**
+**      1. An error occurs while attempting a rollback. This happens in
+**         function sqlite3PagerRollback().
+**
+**      2. An error occurs while attempting to finalize a journal file
+**         following a commit in function sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo().
+**
+**      3. An error occurs while attempting to write to the journal or
+**         database file in function pagerStress() in order to free up
+**         memory.
+**
+**    In other cases, the error is returned to the b-tree layer. The b-tree
+**    layer then attempts a rollback operation. If the error condition 
+**    persists, the pager enters the ERROR state via condition (1) above.
+**
+**    Condition (3) is necessary because it can be triggered by a read-only
+**    statement executed within a transaction. In this case, if the error
+**    code were simply returned to the user, the b-tree layer would not
+**    automatically attempt a rollback, as it assumes that an error in a
+**    read-only statement cannot leave the pager in an internally inconsistent 
+**    state.
+**
+**    * The Pager.errCode variable is set to something other than SQLITE_OK.
+**    * There are one or more outstanding references to pages (after the
+**      last reference is dropped the pager should move back to OPEN state).
+**    * The pager is not an in-memory pager.
+**    
+**
+** Notes:
+**
+**   * A pager is never in WRITER_DBMOD or WRITER_FINISHED state if the
+**     connection is open in WAL mode. A WAL connection is always in one
+**     of the first four states.
+**
+**   * Normally, a connection open in exclusive mode is never in PAGER_OPEN
+**     state. There are two exceptions: immediately after exclusive-mode has
+**     been turned on (and before any read or write transactions are 
+**     executed), and when the pager is leaving the "error state".
+**
+**   * See also: assert_pager_state().
+*/
+#define PAGER_OPEN                  0
+#define PAGER_READER                1
+#define PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED         2
+#define PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD       3
+#define PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD          4
+#define PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED       5
+#define PAGER_ERROR                 6
+
+/*
+** The Pager.eLock variable is almost always set to one of the 
+** following locking-states, according to the lock currently held on
+** the database file: NO_LOCK, SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.
+** This variable is kept up to date as locks are taken and released by
+** the pagerLockDb() and pagerUnlockDb() wrappers.
+**
+** If the VFS xLock() or xUnlock() returns an error other than SQLITE_BUSY
+** (i.e. one of the SQLITE_IOERR subtypes), it is not clear whether or not
+** the operation was successful. In these circumstances pagerLockDb() and
+** pagerUnlockDb() take a conservative approach - eLock is always updated
+** when unlocking the file, and only updated when locking the file if the
+** VFS call is successful. This way, the Pager.eLock variable may be set
+** to a less exclusive (lower) value than the lock that is actually held
+** at the system level, but it is never set to a more exclusive value.
+**
+** This is usually safe. If an xUnlock fails or appears to fail, there may 
+** be a few redundant xLock() calls or a lock may be held for longer than
+** required, but nothing really goes wrong.
+**
+** The exception is when the database file is unlocked as the pager moves
+** from ERROR to OPEN state. At this point there may be a hot-journal file 
+** in the file-system that needs to be rolled back (as part of a OPEN->SHARED
+** transition, by the same pager or any other). If the call to xUnlock()
+** fails at this point and the pager is left holding an EXCLUSIVE lock, this
+** can confuse the call to xCheckReservedLock() call made later as part
+** of hot-journal detection.
+**
+** xCheckReservedLock() is defined as returning true "if there is a RESERVED 
+** lock held by this process or any others". So xCheckReservedLock may 
+** return true because the caller itself is holding an EXCLUSIVE lock (but
+** doesn't know it because of a previous error in xUnlock). If this happens
+** a hot-journal may be mistaken for a journal being created by an active
+** transaction in another process, causing SQLite to read from the database
+** without rolling it back.
+**
+** To work around this, if a call to xUnlock() fails when unlocking the
+** database in the ERROR state, Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK. It
+** is only changed back to a real locking state after a successful call
+** to xLock(EXCLUSIVE). Also, the code to do the OPEN->SHARED state transition
+** omits the check for a hot-journal if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK 
+** lock. Instead, it assumes a hot-journal exists and obtains an EXCLUSIVE
+** lock on the database file before attempting to roll it back. See function
+** PagerSharedLock() for more detail.
+**
+** Pager.eLock may only be set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when the pager is in 
+** PAGER_OPEN state.
+*/
+#define UNKNOWN_LOCK                (EXCLUSIVE_LOCK+1)
 
 /*
 ** A macro used for invoking the codec if there is one
@@ -34097,33 +34605,28 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 };
 
 /*
-** A open page cache is an instance of the following structure.
+** A open page cache is an instance of struct Pager. A description of
+** some of the more important member variables follows:
 **
-** errCode
+** eState
+**
+**   The current 'state' of the pager object. See the comment and state
+**   diagram above for a description of the pager state.
+**
+** eLock
+**
+**   For a real on-disk database, the current lock held on the database file -
+**   NO_LOCK, SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.
 **
-**   Pager.errCode may be set to SQLITE_IOERR, SQLITE_CORRUPT, or
-**   or SQLITE_FULL. Once one of the first three errors occurs, it persists
-**   and is returned as the result of every major pager API call.  The
-**   SQLITE_FULL return code is slightly different. It persists only until the
-**   next successful rollback is performed on the pager cache. Also,
-**   SQLITE_FULL does not affect the sqlite3PagerGet() and sqlite3PagerLookup()
-**   APIs, they may still be used successfully.
-**
-** dbSizeValid, dbSize, dbOrigSize, dbFileSize
-**
-**   Managing the size of the database file in pages is a little complicated.
-**   The variable Pager.dbSize contains the number of pages that the database
-**   image currently contains. As the database image grows or shrinks this
-**   variable is updated. The variable Pager.dbFileSize contains the number
-**   of pages in the database file. This may be different from Pager.dbSize
-**   if some pages have been appended to the database image but not yet written
-**   out from the cache to the actual file on disk. Or if the image has been
-**   truncated by an incremental-vacuum operation. The Pager.dbOrigSize variable
-**   contains the number of pages in the database image when the current
-**   transaction was opened. The contents of all three of these variables is
-**   only guaranteed to be correct if the boolean Pager.dbSizeValid is true.
-**
-**   TODO: Under what conditions is dbSizeValid set? Cleared?
+**   For a temporary or in-memory database (neither of which require any
+**   locks), this variable is always set to EXCLUSIVE_LOCK. Since such
+**   databases always have Pager.exclusiveMode==1, this tricks the pager
+**   logic into thinking that it already has all the locks it will ever
+**   need (and no reason to release them).
+**
+**   In some (obscure) circumstances, this variable may also be set to
+**   UNKNOWN_LOCK. See the comment above the #define of UNKNOWN_LOCK for
+**   details.
 **
 ** changeCountDone
 **
@@ -34142,67 +34645,123 @@ struct PagerSavepoint {
 **   need only update the change-counter once, for the first transaction
 **   committed.
 **
-** dbModified
-**
-**   The dbModified flag is set whenever a database page is dirtied.
-**   It is cleared at the end of each transaction.
-**
-**   It is used when committing or otherwise ending a transaction. If
-**   the dbModified flag is clear then less work has to be done.
-**
-** journalStarted
-**
-**   This flag is set whenever the the main journal is opened and
-**   initialized
-**
-**   The point of this flag is that it must be set after the 
-**   first journal header in a journal file has been synced to disk.
-**   After this has happened, new pages appended to the database 
-**   do not need the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag set, as they do not need
-**   to wait for a journal sync before they can be written out to
-**   the database file (see function pager_write()).
-**   
 ** setMaster
 **
-**   This variable is used to ensure that the master journal file name
-**   (if any) is only written into the journal file once.
-**
-**   When committing a transaction, the master journal file name (if any)
-**   may be written into the journal file while the pager is still in
-**   PAGER_RESERVED state (see CommitPhaseOne() for the action). It
-**   then attempts to upgrade to an exclusive lock. If this attempt
-**   fails, then SQLITE_BUSY may be returned to the user and the user
-**   may attempt to commit the transaction again later (calling
-**   CommitPhaseOne() again). This flag is used to ensure that the 
-**   master journal name is only written to the journal file the first
-**   time CommitPhaseOne() is called.
+**   When PagerCommitPhaseOne() is called to commit a transaction, it may
+**   (or may not) specify a master-journal name to be written into the 
+**   journal file before it is synced to disk.
+**
+**   Whether or not a journal file contains a master-journal pointer affects 
+**   the way in which the journal file is finalized after the transaction is 
+**   committed or rolled back when running in "journal_mode=PERSIST" mode.
+**   If a journal file does not contain a master-journal pointer, it is
+**   finalized by overwriting the first journal header with zeroes. If
+**   it does contain a master-journal pointer the journal file is finalized 
+**   by truncating it to zero bytes, just as if the connection were 
+**   running in "journal_mode=truncate" mode.
+**
+**   Journal files that contain master journal pointers cannot be finalized
+**   simply by overwriting the first journal-header with zeroes, as the
+**   master journal pointer could interfere with hot-journal rollback of any
+**   subsequently interrupted transaction that reuses the journal file.
+**
+**   The flag is cleared as soon as the journal file is finalized (either
+**   by PagerCommitPhaseTwo or PagerRollback). If an IO error prevents the
+**   journal file from being successfully finalized, the setMaster flag
+**   is cleared anyway (and the pager will move to ERROR state).
 **
 ** doNotSpill, doNotSyncSpill
 **
-**   When enabled, cache spills are prohibited.  The doNotSpill variable
-**   inhibits all cache spill and doNotSyncSpill inhibits those spills that
-**   would require a journal sync.  The doNotSyncSpill is set and cleared 
-**   by sqlite3PagerWrite() in order to prevent a journal sync from happening 
-**   in between the journalling of two pages on the same sector.  The
-**   doNotSpill value set to prevent pagerStress() from trying to use
-**   the journal during a rollback.
+**   These two boolean variables control the behaviour of cache-spills
+**   (calls made by the pcache module to the pagerStress() routine to
+**   write cached data to the file-system in order to free up memory).
 **
-** needSync
-**
-**   TODO: It might be easier to set this variable in writeJournalHdr()
-**   and writeMasterJournal() only. Change its meaning to "unsynced data
-**   has been written to the journal".
+**   When doNotSpill is non-zero, writing to the database from pagerStress()
+**   is disabled altogether. This is done in a very obscure case that
+**   comes up during savepoint rollback that requires the pcache module
+**   to allocate a new page to prevent the journal file from being written
+**   while it is being traversed by code in pager_playback().
+** 
+**   If doNotSyncSpill is non-zero, writing to the database from pagerStress()
+**   is permitted, but syncing the journal file is not. This flag is set
+**   by sqlite3PagerWrite() when the file-system sector-size is larger than
+**   the database page-size in order to prevent a journal sync from happening 
+**   in between the journalling of two pages on the same sector. 
 **
 ** subjInMemory
 **
 **   This is a boolean variable. If true, then any required sub-journal
 **   is opened as an in-memory journal file. If false, then in-memory
 **   sub-journals are only used for in-memory pager files.
+**
+**   This variable is updated by the upper layer each time a new 
+**   write-transaction is opened.
+**
+** dbSize, dbOrigSize, dbFileSize
+**
+**   Variable dbSize is set to the number of pages in the database file.
+**   It is valid in PAGER_READER and higher states (all states except for
+**   OPEN and ERROR). 
+**
+**   dbSize is set based on the size of the database file, which may be 
+**   larger than the size of the database (the value stored at offset
+**   28 of the database header by the btree). If the size of the file
+**   is not an integer multiple of the page-size, the value stored in
+**   dbSize is rounded down (i.e. a 5KB file with 2K page-size has dbSize==2).
+**   Except, any file that is greater than 0 bytes in size is considered
+**   to have at least one page. (i.e. a 1KB file with 2K page-size leads
+**   to dbSize==1).
+**
+**   During a write-transaction, if pages with page-numbers greater than
+**   dbSize are modified in the cache, dbSize is updated accordingly.
+**   Similarly, if the database is truncated using PagerTruncateImage(), 
+**   dbSize is updated.
+**
+**   Variables dbOrigSize and dbFileSize are valid in states 
+**   PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED and higher. dbOrigSize is a copy of the dbSize
+**   variable at the start of the transaction. It is used during rollback,
+**   and to determine whether or not pages need to be journalled before
+**   being modified.
+**
+**   Throughout a write-transaction, dbFileSize contains the size of
+**   the file on disk in pages. It is set to a copy of dbSize when the
+**   write-transaction is first opened, and updated when VFS calls are made
+**   to write or truncate the database file on disk. 
+**
+**   The only reason the dbFileSize variable is required is to suppress 
+**   unnecessary calls to xTruncate() after committing a transaction. If, 
+**   when a transaction is committed, the dbFileSize variable indicates 
+**   that the database file is larger than the database image (Pager.dbSize), 
+**   pager_truncate() is called. The pager_truncate() call uses xFilesize()
+**   to measure the database file on disk, and then truncates it if required.
+**   dbFileSize is not used when rolling back a transaction. In this case
+**   pager_truncate() is called unconditionally (which means there may be
+**   a call to xFilesize() that is not strictly required). In either case,
+**   pager_truncate() may cause the file to become smaller or larger.
+**
+** dbHintSize
+**
+**   The dbHintSize variable is used to limit the number of calls made to
+**   the VFS xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method. 
+**
+**   dbHintSize is set to a copy of the dbSize variable when a
+**   write-transaction is opened (at the same time as dbFileSize and
+**   dbOrigSize). If the xFileControl(FCNTL_SIZE_HINT) method is called,
+**   dbHintSize is increased to the number of pages that correspond to the
+**   size-hint passed to the method call. See pager_write_pagelist() for 
+**   details.
+**
+** errCode
+**
+**   The Pager.errCode variable is only ever used in PAGER_ERROR state. It
+**   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode 
+**   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX 
+**   sub-codes.
 */
 struct Pager {
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
   u8 exclusiveMode;           /* Boolean. True if locking_mode==EXCLUSIVE */
-  u8 journalMode;             /* On of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */
+  u8 journalMode;             /* One of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */
   u8 useJournal;              /* Use a rollback journal on this file */
   u8 noReadlock;              /* Do not bother to obtain readlocks */
   u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
@@ -34212,30 +34771,26 @@ struct Pager {
   u8 readOnly;                /* True for a read-only database */
   u8 memDb;                   /* True to inhibit all file I/O */
 
-  /* The following block contains those class members that are dynamically
-  ** modified during normal operations. The other variables in this structure
-  ** are either constant throughout the lifetime of the pager, or else
-  ** used to store configuration parameters that affect the way the pager 
-  ** operates.
-  **
-  ** The 'state' variable is described in more detail along with the
-  ** descriptions of the values it may take - PAGER_UNLOCK etc. Many of the
-  ** other variables in this block are described in the comment directly 
-  ** above this class definition.
-  */
-  u8 state;                   /* PAGER_UNLOCK, _SHARED, _RESERVED, etc. */
-  u8 dbModified;              /* True if there are any changes to the Db */
-  u8 needSync;                /* True if an fsync() is needed on the journal */
-  u8 journalStarted;          /* True if header of journal is synced */
+  /**************************************************************************
+  ** The following block contains those class members that change during
+  ** routine opertion.  Class members not in this block are either fixed
+  ** when the pager is first created or else only change when there is a
+  ** significant mode change (such as changing the page_size, locking_mode,
+  ** or the journal_mode).  From another view, these class members describe
+  ** the "state" of the pager, while other class members describe the
+  ** "configuration" of the pager.
+  */
+  u8 eState;                  /* Pager state (OPEN, READER, WRITER_LOCKED..) */
+  u8 eLock;                   /* Current lock held on database file */
   u8 changeCountDone;         /* Set after incrementing the change-counter */
   u8 setMaster;               /* True if a m-j name has been written to jrnl */
   u8 doNotSpill;              /* Do not spill the cache when non-zero */
   u8 doNotSyncSpill;          /* Do not do a spill that requires jrnl sync */
-  u8 dbSizeValid;             /* Set when dbSize is correct */
   u8 subjInMemory;            /* True to use in-memory sub-journals */
   Pgno dbSize;                /* Number of pages in the database */
   Pgno dbOrigSize;            /* dbSize before the current transaction */
   Pgno dbFileSize;            /* Number of pages in the database file */
+  Pgno dbHintSize;            /* Value passed to FCNTL_SIZE_HINT call */
   int errCode;                /* One of several kinds of errors */
   int nRec;                   /* Pages journalled since last j-header written */
   u32 cksumInit;              /* Quasi-random value added to every checksum */
@@ -34246,17 +34801,21 @@ struct Pager {
   sqlite3_file *sjfd;         /* File descriptor for sub-journal */
   i64 journalOff;             /* Current write offset in the journal file */
   i64 journalHdr;             /* Byte offset to previous journal header */
-  i64 journalSizeLimit;       /* Size limit for persistent journal files */
+  sqlite3_backup *pBackup;    /* Pointer to list of ongoing backup processes */
   PagerSavepoint *aSavepoint; /* Array of active savepoints */
   int nSavepoint;             /* Number of elements in aSavepoint[] */
   char dbFileVers[16];        /* Changes whenever database file changes */
-  u32 sectorSize;             /* Assumed sector size during rollback */
+  /*
+  ** End of the routinely-changing class members
+  ***************************************************************************/
 
   u16 nExtra;                 /* Add this many bytes to each in-memory page */
   i16 nReserve;               /* Number of unused bytes at end of each page */
   u32 vfsFlags;               /* Flags for sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
+  u32 sectorSize;             /* Assumed sector size during rollback */
   int pageSize;               /* Number of bytes in a page */
   Pgno mxPgno;                /* Maximum allowed size of the database */
+  i64 journalSizeLimit;       /* Size limit for persistent journal files */
   char *zFilename;            /* Name of the database file */
   char *zJournal;             /* Name of the journal file */
   int (*xBusyHandler)(void*); /* Function to call when busy */
@@ -34274,7 +34833,6 @@ struct Pager {
 #endif
   char *pTmpSpace;            /* Pager.pageSize bytes of space for tmp use */
   PCache *pPCache;            /* Pointer to page cache object */
-  sqlite3_backup *pBackup;    /* Pointer to list of ongoing backup processes */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
   Wal *pWal;                  /* Write-ahead log used by "journal_mode=wal" */
   char *zWal;                 /* File name for write-ahead log */
@@ -34353,22 +34911,221 @@ static const unsigned char aJournalMagic[] = {
 */
 #define PAGER_MAX_PGNO 2147483647
 
+/*
+** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).
+** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.
+**
+** This is so that expressions can be written as:
+**
+**   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){ ...
+**
+** instead of
+**
+**   if( pPager->jfd->pMethods ){ ...
+*/
+#define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods)
+
+/*
+** Return true if this pager uses a write-ahead log instead of the usual
+** rollback journal. Otherwise false.
+*/
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+static int pagerUseWal(Pager *pPager){
+  return (pPager->pWal!=0);
+}
+#else
+# define pagerUseWal(x) 0
+# define pagerRollbackWal(x) 0
+# define pagerWalFrames(v,w,x,y,z) 0
+# define pagerOpenWalIfPresent(z) SQLITE_OK
+# define pagerBeginReadTransaction(z) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
 #ifndef NDEBUG 
 /*
 ** Usage:
 **
 **   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+**
+** This function runs many asserts to try to find inconsistencies in
+** the internal state of the Pager object.
 */
-static int assert_pager_state(Pager *pPager){
+static int assert_pager_state(Pager *p){
+  Pager *pPager = p;
 
-  /* A temp-file is always in PAGER_EXCLUSIVE or PAGER_SYNCED state. */
-  assert( pPager->tempFile==0 || pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE );
+  /* State must be valid. */
+  assert( p->eState==PAGER_OPEN
+       || p->eState==PAGER_READER
+       || p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
+       || p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+       || p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED
+       || p->eState==PAGER_ERROR
+  );
 
-  /* The changeCountDone flag is always set for temp-files */
-  assert( pPager->tempFile==0 || pPager->changeCountDone );
+  /* Regardless of the current state, a temp-file connection always behaves
+  ** as if it has an exclusive lock on the database file. It never updates
+  ** the change-counter field, so the changeCountDone flag is always set.
+  */
+  assert( p->tempFile==0 || p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
+  assert( p->tempFile==0 || pPager->changeCountDone );
+
+  /* If the useJournal flag is clear, the journal-mode must be "OFF". 
+  ** And if the journal-mode is "OFF", the journal file must not be open.
+  */
+  assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || p->useJournal );
+  assert( p->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || !isOpen(p->jfd) );
+
+  /* Check that MEMDB implies noSync. And an in-memory journal. Since 
+  ** this means an in-memory pager performs no IO at all, it cannot encounter 
+  ** either SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_FULL during rollback or while finalizing 
+  ** a journal file. (although the in-memory journal implementation may 
+  ** return SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM while the journal file is being written). It 
+  ** is therefore not possible for an in-memory pager to enter the ERROR 
+  ** state.
+  */
+  if( MEMDB ){
+    assert( p->noSync );
+    assert( p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
+         || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
+    );
+    assert( p->eState!=PAGER_ERROR && p->eState!=PAGER_OPEN );
+    assert( pagerUseWal(p)==0 );
+  }
+
+  /* If changeCountDone is set, a RESERVED lock or greater must be held
+  ** on the file.
+  */
+  assert( pPager->changeCountDone==0 || pPager->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );
+  assert( p->eLock!=PENDING_LOCK );
+
+  switch( p->eState ){
+    case PAGER_OPEN:
+      assert( !MEMDB );
+      assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
+      assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 || pPager->tempFile );
+      break;
+
+    case PAGER_READER:
+      assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
+      assert( p->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK );
+      assert( p->eLock>=SHARED_LOCK || p->noReadlock );
+      break;
+
+    case PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED:
+      assert( p->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK );
+      assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
+      if( !pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+        assert( p->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );
+      }
+      assert( pPager->dbSize==pPager->dbOrigSize );
+      assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbFileSize );
+      assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbHintSize );
+      assert( pPager->setMaster==0 );
+      break;
+
+    case PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD:
+      assert( p->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK );
+      assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
+      if( !pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+        /* It is possible that if journal_mode=wal here that neither the
+        ** journal file nor the WAL file are open. This happens during
+        ** a rollback transaction that switches from journal_mode=off
+        ** to journal_mode=wal.
+        */
+        assert( p->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK );
+        assert( isOpen(p->jfd) 
+             || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
+             || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+        );
+      }
+      assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbFileSize );
+      assert( pPager->dbOrigSize==pPager->dbHintSize );
+      break;
+
+    case PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD:
+      assert( p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
+      assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
+      assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
+      assert( p->eLock>=EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
+      assert( isOpen(p->jfd) 
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+      );
+      assert( pPager->dbOrigSize<=pPager->dbHintSize );
+      break;
+
+    case PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED:
+      assert( p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
+      assert( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK );
+      assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
+      assert( isOpen(p->jfd) 
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
+           || p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
+      );
+      break;
+
+    case PAGER_ERROR:
+      /* There must be at least one outstanding reference to the pager if
+      ** in ERROR state. Otherwise the pager should have already dropped
+      ** back to OPEN state.
+      */
+      assert( pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_OK );
+      assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)>0 );
+      break;
+  }
 
   return 1;
 }
+
+/*
+** Return a pointer to a human readable string in a static buffer
+** containing the state of the Pager object passed as an argument. This
+** is intended to be used within debuggers. For example, as an alternative
+** to "print *pPager" in gdb:
+**
+** (gdb) printf "%s", print_pager_state(pPager)
+*/
+static char *print_pager_state(Pager *p){
+  static char zRet[1024];
+
+  sqlite3_snprintf(1024, zRet,
+      "Filename:      %s\n"
+      "State:         %s errCode=%d\n"
+      "Lock:          %s\n"
+      "Locking mode:  locking_mode=%s\n"
+      "Journal mode:  journal_mode=%s\n"
+      "Backing store: tempFile=%d memDb=%d useJournal=%d\n"
+      "Journal:       journalOff=%lld journalHdr=%lld\n"
+      "Size:          dbsize=%d dbOrigSize=%d dbFileSize=%d\n"
+      , p->zFilename
+      , p->eState==PAGER_OPEN            ? "OPEN" :
+        p->eState==PAGER_READER          ? "READER" :
+        p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED   ? "WRITER_LOCKED" :
+        p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD ? "WRITER_CACHEMOD" :
+        p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD    ? "WRITER_DBMOD" :
+        p->eState==PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED ? "WRITER_FINISHED" :
+        p->eState==PAGER_ERROR           ? "ERROR" : "?error?"
+      , (int)p->errCode
+      , p->eLock==NO_LOCK         ? "NO_LOCK" :
+        p->eLock==RESERVED_LOCK   ? "RESERVED" :
+        p->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK  ? "EXCLUSIVE" :
+        p->eLock==SHARED_LOCK     ? "SHARED" :
+        p->eLock==UNKNOWN_LOCK    ? "UNKNOWN" : "?error?"
+      , p->exclusiveMode ? "exclusive" : "normal"
+      , p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY   ? "memory" :
+        p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF      ? "off" :
+        p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE   ? "delete" :
+        p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST  ? "persist" :
+        p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE ? "truncate" :
+        p->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL      ? "wal" : "?error?"
+      , (int)p->tempFile, (int)p->memDb, (int)p->useJournal
+      , p->journalOff, p->journalHdr
+      , (int)p->dbSize, (int)p->dbOrigSize, (int)p->dbFileSize
+  );
+
+  return zRet;
+}
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -34421,6 +35178,7 @@ static int read32bits(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 offset, u32 *pRes){
 */
 #define put32bits(A,B)  sqlite3Put4byte((u8*)A,B)
 
+
 /*
 ** Write a 32-bit integer into the given file descriptor.  Return SQLITE_OK
 ** on success or an error code is something goes wrong.
@@ -34432,27 +35190,53 @@ static int write32bits(sqlite3_file *fd, i64 offset, u32 val){
 }
 
 /*
-** The argument to this macro is a file descriptor (type sqlite3_file*).
-** Return 0 if it is not open, or non-zero (but not 1) if it is.
-**
-** This is so that expressions can be written as:
+** Unlock the database file to level eLock, which must be either NO_LOCK
+** or SHARED_LOCK. Regardless of whether or not the call to xUnlock()
+** succeeds, set the Pager.eLock variable to match the (attempted) new lock.
 **
-**   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){ ...
-**
-** instead of
-**
-**   if( pPager->jfd->pMethods ){ ...
+** Except, if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when this function is
+** called, do not modify it. See the comment above the #define of 
+** UNKNOWN_LOCK for an explanation of this.
 */
-#define isOpen(pFd) ((pFd)->pMethods)
+static int pagerUnlockDb(Pager *pPager, int eLock){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( !pPager->exclusiveMode );
+  assert( eLock==NO_LOCK || eLock==SHARED_LOCK );
+  assert( eLock!=NO_LOCK || pagerUseWal(pPager)==0 );
+  if( isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
+    assert( pPager->eLock>=eLock );
+    rc = sqlite3OsUnlock(pPager->fd, eLock);
+    if( pPager->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK ){
+      pPager->eLock = (u8)eLock;
+    }
+    IOTRACE(("UNLOCK %p %d\n", pPager, eLock))
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
-** If file pFd is open, call sqlite3OsUnlock() on it.
+** Lock the database file to level eLock, which must be either SHARED_LOCK,
+** RESERVED_LOCK or EXCLUSIVE_LOCK. If the caller is successful, set the
+** Pager.eLock variable to the new locking state. 
+**
+** Except, if Pager.eLock is set to UNKNOWN_LOCK when this function is 
+** called, do not modify it unless the new locking state is EXCLUSIVE_LOCK. 
+** See the comment above the #define of UNKNOWN_LOCK for an explanation 
+** of this.
 */
-static int osUnlock(sqlite3_file *pFd, int eLock){
-  if( !isOpen(pFd) ){
-    return SQLITE_OK;
+static int pagerLockDb(Pager *pPager, int eLock){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( eLock==SHARED_LOCK || eLock==RESERVED_LOCK || eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
+  if( pPager->eLock<eLock || pPager->eLock==UNKNOWN_LOCK ){
+    rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, eLock);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (pPager->eLock!=UNKNOWN_LOCK||eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK) ){
+      pPager->eLock = (u8)eLock;
+      IOTRACE(("LOCK %p %d\n", pPager, eLock))
+    }
   }
-  return sqlite3OsUnlock(pFd, eLock);
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -34528,13 +35312,14 @@ static void pager_set_pagehash(PgHdr *pPage){
 #define CHECK_PAGE(x) checkPage(x)
 static void checkPage(PgHdr *pPg){
   Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
-  assert( !pPg->pageHash || pPager->errCode
-      || (pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY) || pPg->pageHash==pager_pagehash(pPg) );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
+  assert( (pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY) || pPg->pageHash==pager_pagehash(pPg) );
 }
 
 #else
 #define pager_datahash(X,Y)  0
 #define pager_pagehash(X)  0
+#define pager_set_pagehash(X)
 #define CHECK_PAGE(x)
 #endif  /* SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES */
 
@@ -34701,7 +35486,7 @@ static int zeroJournalHdr(Pager *pPager, int doTruncate){
 static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                 /* Return code */
   char *zHeader = pPager->pTmpSpace;  /* Temporary space used to build header */
-  u32 nHeader = pPager->pageSize;     /* Size of buffer pointed to by zHeader */
+  u32 nHeader = (u32)pPager->pageSize;/* Size of buffer pointed to by zHeader */
   u32 nWrite;                         /* Bytes of header sector written */
   int ii;                             /* Loop counter */
 
@@ -34744,7 +35529,7 @@ static int writeJournalHdr(Pager *pPager){
   **     that garbage data is never appended to the journal file.
   */
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->noSync );
-  if( (pPager->noSync) || (pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY)
+  if( pPager->noSync || (pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY)
    || (sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) 
   ){
     memcpy(zHeader, aJournalMagic, sizeof(aJournalMagic));
@@ -34868,7 +35653,6 @@ static int readJournalHdr(
   if( pPager->journalOff==0 ){
     u32 iPageSize;               /* Page-size field of journal header */
     u32 iSectorSize;             /* Sector-size field of journal header */
-    u16 iPageSize16;             /* Copy of iPageSize in 16-bit variable */
 
     /* Read the page-size and sector-size journal header fields. */
     if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pPager->jfd, iHdrOff+20, &iSectorSize))
@@ -34877,6 +35661,14 @@ static int readJournalHdr(
       return rc;
     }
 
+    /* Versions of SQLite prior to 3.5.8 set the page-size field of the
+    ** journal header to zero. In this case, assume that the Pager.pageSize
+    ** variable is already set to the correct page size.
+    */
+    if( iPageSize==0 ){
+      iPageSize = pPager->pageSize;
+    }
+
     /* Check that the values read from the page-size and sector-size fields
     ** are within range. To be 'in range', both values need to be a power
     ** of two greater than or equal to 512 or 32, and not greater than their 
@@ -34898,10 +35690,8 @@ static int readJournalHdr(
     ** Use a testcase() macro to make sure that malloc failure within 
     ** PagerSetPagesize() is tested.
     */
-    iPageSize16 = (u16)iPageSize;
-    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &iPageSize16, -1);
+    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &iPageSize, -1);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || iPageSize16==(u16)iPageSize );
 
     /* Update the assumed sector-size to match the value used by 
     ** the process that created this journal. If this journal was
@@ -34943,7 +35733,10 @@ static int writeMasterJournal(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
   i64 jrnlSize;                    /* Size of journal file on disk */
   u32 cksum = 0;                   /* Checksum of string zMaster */
 
-  if( !zMaster || pPager->setMaster
+  assert( pPager->setMaster==0 );
+  assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
+
+  if( !zMaster 
    || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
    || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
   ){
@@ -34979,7 +35772,6 @@ static int writeMasterJournal(Pager *pPager, const char *zMaster){
     return rc;
   }
   pPager->journalOff += (nMaster+20);
-  pPager->needSync = !pPager->noSync;
 
   /* If the pager is in peristent-journal mode, then the physical 
   ** journal-file may extend past the end of the master-journal name
@@ -35015,17 +35807,11 @@ static PgHdr *pager_lookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
 }
 
 /*
-** Unless the pager is in error-state, discard all in-memory pages. If
-** the pager is in error-state, then this call is a no-op.
-**
-** TODO: Why can we not reset the pager while in error state?
+** Discard the entire contents of the in-memory page-cache.
 */
 static void pager_reset(Pager *pPager){
-  if( SQLITE_OK==pPager->errCode ){
-    sqlite3BackupRestart(pPager->pBackup);
-    sqlite3PcacheClear(pPager->pPCache);
-    pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-  }
+  sqlite3BackupRestart(pPager->pBackup);
+  sqlite3PcacheClear(pPager->pPCache);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -35068,34 +35854,39 @@ static int addToSavepointBitvecs(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
 }
 
 /*
-** Return true if this pager uses a write-ahead log instead of the usual
-** rollback journal. Otherwise false.
-*/
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-static int pagerUseWal(Pager *pPager){
-  return (pPager->pWal!=0);
-}
-#else
-# define pagerUseWal(x) 0
-# define pagerRollbackWal(x) 0
-# define pagerWalFrames(v,w,x,y,z) 0
-# define pagerOpenWalIfPresent(z) SQLITE_OK
-# define pagerBeginReadTransaction(z) SQLITE_OK
-#endif
-
-/*
-** Unlock the database file. This function is a no-op if the pager
-** is in exclusive mode.
+** This function is a no-op if the pager is in exclusive mode and not
+** in the ERROR state. Otherwise, it switches the pager to PAGER_OPEN
+** state.
+**
+** If the pager is not in exclusive-access mode, the database file is
+** completely unlocked. If the file is unlocked and the file-system does
+** not exhibit the UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN property, the journal file is
+** closed (if it is open).
 **
-** If the pager is currently in error state, discard the contents of 
-** the cache and reset the Pager structure internal state. If there is
-** an open journal-file, then the next time a shared-lock is obtained
-** on the pager file (by this or any other process), it will be
-** treated as a hot-journal and rolled back.
+** If the pager is in ERROR state when this function is called, the 
+** contents of the pager cache are discarded before switching back to 
+** the OPEN state. Regardless of whether the pager is in exclusive-mode
+** or not, any journal file left in the file-system will be treated
+** as a hot-journal and rolled back the next time a read-transaction
+** is opened (by this or by any other connection).
 */
 static void pager_unlock(Pager *pPager){
-  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
-    int rc = SQLITE_OK;          /* Return code */
+
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER 
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN 
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR 
+  );
+
+  sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
+  pPager->pInJournal = 0;
+  releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
+
+  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    assert( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
+    sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(pPager->pWal);
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
+  }else if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
+    int rc;                       /* Error code returned by pagerUnlockDb() */
     int iDc = isOpen(pPager->fd)?sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd):0;
 
     /* If the operating system support deletion of open files, then
@@ -35115,58 +35906,56 @@ static void pager_unlock(Pager *pPager){
       sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
     }
 
-    sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
-    pPager->pInJournal = 0;
-    releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
-
-    /* If the file is unlocked, somebody else might change it. The
-    ** values stored in Pager.dbSize etc. might become invalid if
-    ** this happens.  One can argue that this doesn't need to be cleared
-    ** until the change-counter check fails in PagerSharedLock().
-    ** Clearing the page size cache here is being conservative.
+    /* If the pager is in the ERROR state and the call to unlock the database
+    ** file fails, set the current lock to UNKNOWN_LOCK. See the comment
+    ** above the #define for UNKNOWN_LOCK for an explanation of why this
+    ** is necessary.
     */
-    pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-
-    if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
-      sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(pPager->pWal);
-    }else{
-      rc = osUnlock(pPager->fd, NO_LOCK);
-    }
-    if( rc ){
-      pPager->errCode = rc;
+    rc = pagerUnlockDb(pPager, NO_LOCK);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR ){
+      pPager->eLock = UNKNOWN_LOCK;
     }
-    IOTRACE(("UNLOCK %p\n", pPager))
 
-    /* If Pager.errCode is set, the contents of the pager cache cannot be
-    ** trusted. Now that the pager file is unlocked, the contents of the
-    ** cache can be discarded and the error code safely cleared.
+    /* The pager state may be changed from PAGER_ERROR to PAGER_OPEN here
+    ** without clearing the error code. This is intentional - the error
+    ** code is cleared and the cache reset in the block below.
     */
-    if( pPager->errCode ){
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pPager->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      pager_reset(pPager);
-    }
-
+    assert( pPager->errCode || pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
     pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
-    pPager->state = PAGER_UNLOCK;
-    pPager->dbModified = 0;
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
+  }
+
+  /* If Pager.errCode is set, the contents of the pager cache cannot be
+  ** trusted. Now that there are no outstanding references to the pager,
+  ** it can safely move back to PAGER_OPEN state. This happens in both
+  ** normal and exclusive-locking mode.
+  */
+  if( pPager->errCode ){
+    assert( !MEMDB );
+    pager_reset(pPager);
+    pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
+    pPager->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
   }
+
+  pPager->journalOff = 0;
+  pPager->journalHdr = 0;
+  pPager->setMaster = 0;
 }
 
 /*
-** This function should be called when an IOERR, CORRUPT or FULL error
-** may have occurred. The first argument is a pointer to the pager 
-** structure, the second the error-code about to be returned by a pager 
-** API function. The value returned is a copy of the second argument 
-** to this function. 
+** This function is called whenever an IOERR or FULL error that requires
+** the pager to transition into the ERROR state may ahve occurred.
+** The first argument is a pointer to the pager structure, the second 
+** the error-code about to be returned by a pager API function. The 
+** value returned is a copy of the second argument to this function. 
 **
-** If the second argument is SQLITE_IOERR, SQLITE_CORRUPT, or SQLITE_FULL
-** the error becomes persistent. Until the persistent error is cleared,
-** subsequent API calls on this Pager will immediately return the same 
-** error code.
+** If the second argument is SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the
+** IOERR sub-codes, the pager enters the ERROR state and the error code
+** is stored in Pager.errCode. While the pager remains in the ERROR state,
+** all major API calls on the Pager will immediately return Pager.errCode.
 **
-** A persistent error indicates that the contents of the pager-cache 
+** The ERROR state indicates that the contents of the pager-cache 
 ** cannot be trusted. This state can be cleared by completely discarding 
 ** the contents of the pager-cache. If a transaction was active when
 ** the persistent error occurred, then the rollback journal may need
@@ -35183,45 +35972,21 @@ static int pager_error(Pager *pPager, int rc){
   );
   if( rc2==SQLITE_FULL || rc2==SQLITE_IOERR ){
     pPager->errCode = rc;
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_ERROR;
   }
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** Execute a rollback if a transaction is active and unlock the 
-** database file. 
-**
-** If the pager has already entered the error state, do not attempt 
-** the rollback at this time. Instead, pager_unlock() is called. The
-** call to pager_unlock() will discard all in-memory pages, unlock
-** the database file and clear the error state. If this means that
-** there is a hot-journal left in the file-system, the next connection
-** to obtain a shared lock on the pager (which may be this one) will
-** roll it back.
-**
-** If the pager has not already entered the error state, but an IO or
-** malloc error occurs during a rollback, then this will itself cause 
-** the pager to enter the error state. Which will be cleared by the
-** call to pager_unlock(), as described above.
-*/
-static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->errCode==SQLITE_OK && pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED ){
-    sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-    sqlite3PagerRollback(pPager);
-    sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
-  }
-  pager_unlock(pPager);
-}
-
-/*
 ** This routine ends a transaction. A transaction is usually ended by 
 ** either a COMMIT or a ROLLBACK operation. This routine may be called 
 ** after rollback of a hot-journal, or if an error occurs while opening
 ** the journal file or writing the very first journal-header of a
 ** database transaction.
 ** 
-** If the pager is in PAGER_SHARED or PAGER_UNLOCK state when this
-** routine is called, it is a no-op (returns SQLITE_OK).
+** This routine is never called in PAGER_ERROR state. If it is called
+** in PAGER_NONE or PAGER_SHARED state and the lock held is less
+** exclusive than a RESERVED lock, it is a no-op.
 **
 ** Otherwise, any active savepoints are released.
 **
@@ -35252,13 +36017,9 @@ static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
 **     DELETE and the pager is in exclusive mode, the method described under
 **     journalMode==PERSIST is used instead.
 **
-** After the journal is finalized, if running in non-exclusive mode, the
-** pager moves to PAGER_SHARED state (and downgrades the lock on the
-** database file accordingly).
-**
-** If the pager is running in exclusive mode and is in PAGER_SYNCED state,
-** it moves to PAGER_EXCLUSIVE. No locks are downgraded when running in
-** exclusive mode.
+** After the journal is finalized, the pager moves to PAGER_READER state.
+** If running in non-exclusive rollback mode, the lock on the file is 
+** downgraded to a SHARED_LOCK.
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if no error occurs. If an error occurs during
 ** any of the IO operations to finalize the journal file or unlock the
@@ -35273,11 +36034,26 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Error code from journal finalization operation */
   int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;     /* Error code from db file unlock operation */
 
-  if( pPager->state<PAGER_RESERVED ){
+  /* Do nothing if the pager does not have an open write transaction
+  ** or at least a RESERVED lock. This function may be called when there
+  ** is no write-transaction active but a RESERVED or greater lock is
+  ** held under two circumstances:
+  **
+  **   1. After a successful hot-journal rollback, it is called with
+  **      eState==PAGER_NONE and eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK.
+  **
+  **   2. If a connection with locking_mode=exclusive holding an EXCLUSIVE 
+  **      lock switches back to locking_mode=normal and then executes a
+  **      read-transaction, this function is called with eState==PAGER_READER 
+  **      and eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK when the read-transaction is closed.
+  */
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
+  if( pPager->eState<PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED && pPager->eLock<RESERVED_LOCK ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
 
+  releaseAllSavepoints(pPager);
   assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->pInJournal==0 );
   if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
     assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
@@ -35293,14 +36069,11 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster){
         rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pPager->jfd, 0);
       }
       pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->journalStarted = 0;
     }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
       || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL)
     ){
       rc = zeroJournalHdr(pPager, hasMaster);
-      pager_error(pPager, rc);
       pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->journalStarted = 0;
     }else{
       /* This branch may be executed with Pager.journalMode==MEMORY if
       ** a hot-journal was just rolled back. In this case the journal
@@ -35316,50 +36089,78 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster){
         rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
       }
     }
+  }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(pPager->pPCache, pager_set_pagehash);
-#endif
+  sqlite3PcacheIterateDirty(pPager->pPCache, pager_set_pagehash);
+  if( pPager->dbSize==0 && sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)>0 ){
+    PgHdr *p = pager_lookup(pPager, 1);
+    if( p ){
+      p->pageHash = 0;
+      sqlite3PagerUnref(p);
+    }
   }
+#endif
+
   sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
   pPager->pInJournal = 0;
   pPager->nRec = 0;
   sqlite3PcacheCleanAll(pPager->pPCache);
+  sqlite3PcacheTruncate(pPager->pPCache, pPager->dbSize);
 
   if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    /* Drop the WAL write-lock, if any. Also, if the connection was in 
+    ** locking_mode=exclusive mode but is no longer, drop the EXCLUSIVE 
+    ** lock held on the database file.
+    */
     rc2 = sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(pPager->pWal);
     assert( rc2==SQLITE_OK );
-    pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
-
-    /* If the connection was in locking_mode=exclusive mode but is no longer,
-    ** drop the EXCLUSIVE lock held on the database file.
-    */
-    if( !pPager->exclusiveMode && sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(pPager->pWal, 0) ){
-      rc2 = osUnlock(pPager->fd, SHARED_LOCK);
-    }
-  }else if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
-    rc2 = osUnlock(pPager->fd, SHARED_LOCK);
-    pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
+  }
+  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode 
+   && (!pagerUseWal(pPager) || sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(pPager->pWal, 0))
+  ){
+    rc2 = pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
     pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
-  }else if( pPager->state==PAGER_SYNCED ){
-    pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
   }
+  pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
   pPager->setMaster = 0;
-  pPager->needSync = 0;
-  pPager->dbModified = 0;
-
-  /* TODO: Is this optimal? Why is the db size invalidated here 
-  ** when the database file is not unlocked? */
-  pPager->dbOrigSize = 0;
-  sqlite3PcacheTruncate(pPager->pPCache, pPager->dbSize);
-  if( !MEMDB ){
-    pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-  }
 
   return (rc==SQLITE_OK?rc2:rc);
 }
 
 /*
+** Execute a rollback if a transaction is active and unlock the 
+** database file. 
+**
+** If the pager has already entered the ERROR state, do not attempt 
+** the rollback at this time. Instead, pager_unlock() is called. The
+** call to pager_unlock() will discard all in-memory pages, unlock
+** the database file and move the pager back to OPEN state. If this 
+** means that there is a hot-journal left in the file-system, the next 
+** connection to obtain a shared lock on the pager (which may be this one) 
+** will roll it back.
+**
+** If the pager has not already entered the ERROR state, but an IO or
+** malloc error occurs during a rollback, then this will itself cause 
+** the pager to enter the ERROR state. Which will be cleared by the
+** call to pager_unlock(), as described above.
+*/
+static void pagerUnlockAndRollback(Pager *pPager){
+  if( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR && pPager->eState!=PAGER_OPEN ){
+    assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+    if( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED ){
+      sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+      sqlite3PagerRollback(pPager);
+      sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+    }else if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
+      assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER );
+      pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  pager_unlock(pPager);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Parameter aData must point to a buffer of pPager->pageSize bytes
 ** of data. Compute and return a checksum based ont the contents of the 
 ** page of data and the current value of pPager->cksumInit.
@@ -35409,9 +36210,8 @@ static void pagerReportSize(Pager *pPager){
 ** The page begins at offset *pOffset into the file. The *pOffset
 ** value is increased to the start of the next page in the journal.
 **
-** The isMainJrnl flag is true if this is the main rollback journal and
-** false for the statement journal.  The main rollback journal uses
-** checksums - the statement journal does not.
+** The main rollback journal uses checksums - the statement journal does 
+** not.
 **
 ** If the page number of the page record read from the (sub-)journal file
 ** is greater than the current value of Pager.dbSize, then playback is
@@ -35465,6 +36265,17 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   assert( aData );         /* Temp storage must have already been allocated */
   assert( pagerUseWal(pPager)==0 || (!isMainJrnl && isSavepnt) );
 
+  /* Either the state is greater than PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD (a transaction 
+  ** or savepoint rollback done at the request of the caller) or this is
+  ** a hot-journal rollback. If it is a hot-journal rollback, the pager
+  ** is in state OPEN and holds an EXCLUSIVE lock. Hot-journal rollback
+  ** only reads from the main journal, not the sub-journal.
+  */
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || (pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN && pPager->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK)
+  );
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD || isMainJrnl );
+
   /* Read the page number and page data from the journal or sub-journal
   ** file. Return an error code to the caller if an IO error occurs.
   */
@@ -35501,7 +36312,6 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   if( pDone && (rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(pDone, pgno))!=SQLITE_OK ){
     return rc;
   }
-  assert( pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED || pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE );
 
   /* When playing back page 1, restore the nReserve setting
   */
@@ -35510,7 +36320,7 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
     pagerReportSize(pPager);
   }
 
-  /* If the pager is in RESERVED state, then there must be a copy of this
+  /* If the pager is in CACHEMOD state, then there must be a copy of this
   ** page in the pager cache. In this case just update the pager cache,
   ** not the database file. The page is left marked dirty in this case.
   **
@@ -35521,8 +36331,11 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   ** either. So the condition described in the above paragraph is not
   ** assert()able.
   **
-  ** If in EXCLUSIVE state, then we update the pager cache if it exists
-  ** and the main file. The page is then marked not dirty.
+  ** If in WRITER_DBMOD, WRITER_FINISHED or OPEN state, then we update the
+  ** pager cache if it exists and the main file. The page is then marked 
+  ** not dirty. Since this code is only executed in PAGER_OPEN state for
+  ** a hot-journal rollback, it is guaranteed that the page-cache is empty
+  ** if the pager is in OPEN state.
   **
   ** Ticket #1171:  The statement journal might contain page content that is
   ** different from the page content at the start of the transaction.
@@ -35548,6 +36361,7 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
     pPg = pager_lookup(pPager, pgno);
   }
   assert( pPg || !MEMDB );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_OPEN || pPg==0 );
   PAGERTRACE(("PLAYBACK %d page %d hash(%08x) %s\n",
            PAGERID(pPager), pgno, pager_datahash(pPager->pageSize, (u8*)aData),
            (isMainJrnl?"main-journal":"sub-journal")
@@ -35557,8 +36371,8 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
   }else{
     isSynced = (pPg==0 || 0==(pPg->flags & PGHDR_NEED_SYNC));
   }
-  if( (pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE)
-   && isOpen(pPager->fd)
+  if( isOpen(pPager->fd)
+   && (pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN)
    && isSynced
   ){
     i64 ofst = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
@@ -35634,9 +36448,8 @@ static int pager_playback_one_page(
       assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
       sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(pPg);
     }
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
-#endif
+    pager_set_pagehash(pPg);
+
     /* If this was page 1, then restore the value of Pager.dbFileVers.
     ** Do this before any decoding. */
     if( pgno==1 ){
@@ -35788,10 +36601,10 @@ delmaster_out:
 ** file in the file-system. This only happens when committing a transaction,
 ** or rolling back a transaction (including rolling back a hot-journal).
 **
-** If the main database file is not open, or an exclusive lock is not
-** held, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, the size of the file is
-** changed to nPage pages (nPage*pPager->pageSize bytes). If the file
-** on disk is currently larger than nPage pages, then use the VFS
+** If the main database file is not open, or the pager is not in either
+** DBMOD or OPEN state, this function is a no-op. Otherwise, the size 
+** of the file is changed to nPage pages (nPage*pPager->pageSize bytes). 
+** If the file on disk is currently larger than nPage pages, then use the VFS
 ** xTruncate() method to truncate it.
 **
 ** Or, it might might be the case that the file on disk is smaller than 
@@ -35805,8 +36618,14 @@ delmaster_out:
 */
 static int pager_truncate(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE && isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_READER );
+  
+  if( isOpen(pPager->fd) 
+   && (pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN) 
+  ){
     i64 currentSize, newSize;
+    assert( pPager->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
     /* TODO: Is it safe to use Pager.dbFileSize here? */
     rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &currentSize);
     newSize = pPager->pageSize*(i64)nPage;
@@ -35930,7 +36749,7 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
   */
   assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
   rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->jfd, &szJ);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || szJ==0 ){
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     goto end_playback;
   }
 
@@ -35964,7 +36783,7 @@ static int pager_playback(Pager *pPager, int isHot){
   while( 1 ){
     /* Read the next journal header from the journal file.  If there are
     ** not enough bytes left in the journal file for a complete header, or
-    ** it is corrupted, then a process must of failed while writing it.
+    ** it is corrupted, then a process must have failed while writing it.
     ** This indicates nothing more needs to be rolled back.
     */
     rc = readJournalHdr(pPager, isHot, szJ, &nRec, &mxPg);
@@ -36078,10 +36897,9 @@ end_playback:
     rc = readMasterJournal(pPager->jfd, zMaster, pPager->pVfs->mxPathname+1);
     testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->noSync==0 && pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->fd, pPager->sync_flags);
-  }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->noSync==0 && pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pPager->noSync 
+   && (pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD || pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN)
+  ){
     rc = sqlite3OsSync(pPager->fd, pPager->sync_flags);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -36123,7 +36941,7 @@ static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg){
   int isInWal = 0;             /* True if page is in log file */
   int pgsz = pPager->pageSize; /* Number of bytes to read */
 
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED && !MEMDB );
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER && !MEMDB );
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
 
   if( NEVER(!isOpen(pPager->fd)) ){
@@ -36270,6 +37088,14 @@ static int pagerWalFrames(
       sqlite3BackupUpdate(pPager->pBackup, p->pgno, (u8 *)p->pData);
     }
   }
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
+  {
+    PgHdr *p;
+    for(p=pList; p; p=p->pDirty) pager_set_pagehash(p);
+  }
+#endif
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -36286,6 +37112,7 @@ static int pagerBeginReadTransaction(Pager *pPager){
   int changed = 0;                /* True if cache must be reset */
 
   assert( pagerUseWal(pPager) );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN || pPager->eState==PAGER_READER );
 
   /* sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction() was not called for the previous
   ** transaction in locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE.  So call it now.  If we
@@ -36295,20 +37122,70 @@ static int pagerBeginReadTransaction(Pager *pPager){
   sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(pPager->pWal);
 
   rc = sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction(pPager->pWal, &changed);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    int dummy;
-    if( changed ){
-      pager_reset(pPager);
-      assert( pPager->errCode || pPager->dbSizeValid==0 );
-    }
-    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &dummy);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && changed ){
+    pager_reset(pPager);
   }
-  pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
 
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
+** This function is called as part of the transition from PAGER_OPEN
+** to PAGER_READER state to determine the size of the database file
+** in pages (assuming the page size currently stored in Pager.pageSize).
+**
+** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned and the size of the database
+** in pages is stored in *pnPage. Otherwise, an error code (perhaps
+** SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT) is returned and *pnPage is left unmodified.
+*/
+static int pagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, Pgno *pnPage){
+  Pgno nPage;                     /* Value to return via *pnPage */
+
+  /* Query the WAL sub-system for the database size. The WalDbsize()
+  ** function returns zero if the WAL is not open (i.e. Pager.pWal==0), or
+  ** if the database size is not available. The database size is not
+  ** available from the WAL sub-system if the log file is empty or
+  ** contains no valid committed transactions.
+  */
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN );
+  assert( pPager->eLock>=SHARED_LOCK || pPager->noReadlock );
+  nPage = sqlite3WalDbsize(pPager->pWal);
+
+  /* If the database size was not available from the WAL sub-system,
+  ** determine it based on the size of the database file. If the size
+  ** of the database file is not an integer multiple of the page-size,
+  ** round down to the nearest page. Except, any file larger than 0
+  ** bytes in size is considered to contain at least one page.
+  */
+  if( nPage==0 ){
+    i64 n = 0;                    /* Size of db file in bytes */
+    assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->tempFile );
+    if( isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
+      int rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &n);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        return rc;
+      }
+    }
+    nPage = (Pgno)(n / pPager->pageSize);
+    if( nPage==0 && n>0 ){
+      nPage = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If the current number of pages in the file is greater than the
+  ** configured maximum pager number, increase the allowed limit so
+  ** that the file can be read.
+  */
+  if( nPage>pPager->mxPgno ){
+    pPager->mxPgno = (Pgno)nPage;
+  }
+
+  *pnPage = nPage;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Check if the *-wal file that corresponds to the database opened by pPager
 ** exists if the database is not empy, or verify that the *-wal file does
 ** not exist (by deleting it) if the database file is empty.
@@ -36320,8 +37197,6 @@ static int pagerBeginReadTransaction(Pager *pPager){
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK or an error code.
 **
-** If the WAL file is opened, also open a snapshot (read transaction).
-**
 ** The caller must hold a SHARED lock on the database file to call this
 ** function. Because an EXCLUSIVE lock on the db file is required to delete 
 ** a WAL on a none-empty database, this ensures there is no race condition 
@@ -36330,11 +37205,14 @@ static int pagerBeginReadTransaction(Pager *pPager){
 */
 static int pagerOpenWalIfPresent(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN );
+  assert( pPager->eLock>=SHARED_LOCK || pPager->noReadlock );
+
   if( !pPager->tempFile ){
     int isWal;                    /* True if WAL file exists */
-    int nPage;                    /* Size of the database file */
-    assert( pPager->state>=SHARED_LOCK );
-    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+    Pgno nPage;                   /* Size of the database file */
+
+    rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     if( nPage==0 ){
       rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, 0);
@@ -36346,11 +37224,8 @@ static int pagerOpenWalIfPresent(Pager *pPager){
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( isWal ){
-        pager_reset(pPager);
+        testcase( sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
         rc = sqlite3PagerOpenWal(pPager, 0);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = pagerBeginReadTransaction(pPager);
-        }
       }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
         pPager->journalMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE;
       }
@@ -36402,7 +37277,8 @@ static int pagerPlaybackSavepoint(Pager *pPager, PagerSavepoint *pSavepoint){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Return code */
   Bitvec *pDone = 0;       /* Bitvec to ensure pages played back only once */
 
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
 
   /* Allocate a bitvec to use to store the set of pages rolled back */
   if( pSavepoint ){
@@ -36541,7 +37417,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetSafetyLevel(Pager *pPager, int level, int bFu
   pPager->noSync =  (level==1 || pPager->tempFile) ?1:0;
   pPager->fullSync = (level==3 && !pPager->tempFile) ?1:0;
   pPager->sync_flags = (bFullFsync?SQLITE_SYNC_FULL:SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL);
-  if( pPager->noSync ) pPager->needSync = 0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -36623,7 +37498,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(
 **
 ** If the pager is in the error state when this function is called, it
 ** is a no-op. The value returned is the error state error code (i.e. 
-** one of SQLITE_IOERR, SQLITE_CORRUPT or SQLITE_FULL).
+** one of SQLITE_IOERR, an SQLITE_IOERR_xxx sub-code or SQLITE_FULL).
 **
 ** Otherwise, if all of the following are true:
 **
@@ -36647,28 +37522,48 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(
 ** function was called, or because the memory allocation attempt failed, 
 ** then *pPageSize is set to the old, retained page size before returning.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u16 *pPageSize, int nReserve){
-  int rc = pPager->errCode;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(Pager *pPager, u32 *pPageSize, int nReserve){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    u16 pageSize = *pPageSize;
-    assert( pageSize==0 || (pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE) );
-    if( (pPager->memDb==0 || pPager->dbSize==0)
-     && sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 
-     && pageSize && pageSize!=pPager->pageSize 
-    ){
-      char *pNew = (char *)sqlite3PageMalloc(pageSize);
-      if( !pNew ){
-        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      }else{
-        pager_reset(pPager);
-        pPager->pageSize = pageSize;
-        sqlite3PageFree(pPager->pTmpSpace);
-        pPager->pTmpSpace = pNew;
-        sqlite3PcacheSetPageSize(pPager->pPCache, pageSize);
-      }
+  /* It is not possible to do a full assert_pager_state() here, as this
+  ** function may be called from within PagerOpen(), before the state
+  ** of the Pager object is internally consistent.
+  **
+  ** At one point this function returned an error if the pager was in 
+  ** PAGER_ERROR state. But since PAGER_ERROR state guarantees that
+  ** there is at least one outstanding page reference, this function
+  ** is a no-op for that case anyhow.
+  */
+
+  u32 pageSize = *pPageSize;
+  assert( pageSize==0 || (pageSize>=512 && pageSize<=SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE) );
+  if( (pPager->memDb==0 || pPager->dbSize==0)
+   && sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 
+   && pageSize && pageSize!=(u32)pPager->pageSize 
+  ){
+    char *pNew = NULL;             /* New temp space */
+    i64 nByte = 0;
+
+    if( pPager->eState>PAGER_OPEN && isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
+      rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &nByte);
+    }
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pNew = (char *)sqlite3PageMalloc(pageSize);
+      if( !pNew ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pager_reset(pPager);
+      pPager->dbSize = (Pgno)(nByte/pageSize);
+      pPager->pageSize = pageSize;
+      sqlite3PageFree(pPager->pTmpSpace);
+      pPager->pTmpSpace = pNew;
+      sqlite3PcacheSetPageSize(pPager->pPCache, pageSize);
     }
-    *pPageSize = (u16)pPager->pageSize;
+  }
+
+  *pPageSize = pPager->pageSize;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( nReserve<0 ) nReserve = pPager->nReserve;
     assert( nReserve>=0 && nReserve<1000 );
     pPager->nReserve = (i16)nReserve;
@@ -36697,13 +37592,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PagerTempSpace(Pager *pPager){
 ** Regardless of mxPage, return the current maximum page count.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMaxPageCount(Pager *pPager, int mxPage){
-  int nPage;
   if( mxPage>0 ){
     pPager->mxPgno = mxPage;
   }
-  if( pPager->state!=PAGER_UNLOCK ){
-    sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-    assert( (int)pPager->mxPgno>=nPage );
+  if( pPager->eState!=PAGER_OPEN && pPager->mxPgno<pPager->dbSize ){
+    pPager->mxPgno = pPager->dbSize;
   }
   return pPager->mxPgno;
 }
@@ -36768,66 +37661,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerReadFileheader(Pager *pPager, int N, unsigned cha
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the total number of pages in the database file associated 
-** with pPager. Normally, this is calculated as (<db file size>/<page-size>).
+** This function may only be called when a read-transaction is open on
+** the pager. It returns the total number of pages in the database.
+**
 ** However, if the file is between 1 and <page-size> bytes in size, then 
 ** this is considered a 1 page file.
-**
-** If the pager is in error state when this function is called, then the
-** error state error code is returned and *pnPage left unchanged. Or,
-** if the file system has to be queried for the size of the file and
-** the query attempt returns an IO error, the IO error code is returned
-** and *pnPage is left unchanged.
-**
-** Otherwise, if everything is successful, then SQLITE_OK is returned
-** and *pnPage is set to the number of pages in the database.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
-  Pgno nPage = 0;           /* Value to return via *pnPage */
-
-  /* Determine the number of pages in the file. Store this in nPage. */
-  if( pPager->dbSizeValid ){
-    nPage = pPager->dbSize;
-  }else{
-    int rc;                 /* Error returned by OsFileSize() */
-    i64 n = 0;              /* File size in bytes returned by OsFileSize() */
-
-    if( pagerUseWal(pPager) && pPager->state!=PAGER_UNLOCK ){
-      sqlite3WalDbsize(pPager->pWal, &nPage);
-    }
-
-    if( nPage==0 ){
-      assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || pPager->tempFile );
-      if( isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
-        if( SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &n)) ){
-          pager_error(pPager, rc);
-          return rc;
-        }
-      }
-      if( n>0 && n<pPager->pageSize ){
-        nPage = 1;
-      }else{
-        nPage = (Pgno)(n / pPager->pageSize);
-      }
-    }
-    if( pPager->state!=PAGER_UNLOCK ){
-      pPager->dbSize = nPage;
-      pPager->dbFileSize = nPage;
-      pPager->dbSizeValid = 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* If the current number of pages in the file is greater than the 
-  ** configured maximum pager number, increase the allowed limit so
-  ** that the file can be read.
-  */
-  if( nPage>pPager->mxPgno ){
-    pPager->mxPgno = (Pgno)nPage;
-  }
-
-  /* Set the output variable and return SQLITE_OK */
-  *pnPage = nPage;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED );
+  *pnPage = (int)pPager->dbSize;
 }
 
 
@@ -36848,38 +37691,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerPagecount(Pager *pPager, int *pnPage){
 static int pager_wait_on_lock(Pager *pPager, int locktype){
   int rc;                              /* Return code */
 
-  /* The OS lock values must be the same as the Pager lock values */
-  assert( PAGER_SHARED==SHARED_LOCK );
-  assert( PAGER_RESERVED==RESERVED_LOCK );
-  assert( PAGER_EXCLUSIVE==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
-
-  /* If the file is currently unlocked then the size must be unknown. It
-  ** must not have been modified at this point.
-  */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED || pPager->dbSizeValid==0 );
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED || pPager->dbModified==0 );
-
   /* Check that this is either a no-op (because the requested lock is 
   ** already held, or one of the transistions that the busy-handler
   ** may be invoked during, according to the comment above
   ** sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler().
   */
-  assert( (pPager->state>=locktype)
-       || (pPager->state==PAGER_UNLOCK && locktype==PAGER_SHARED)
-       || (pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED && locktype==PAGER_EXCLUSIVE)
+  assert( (pPager->eLock>=locktype)
+       || (pPager->eLock==NO_LOCK && locktype==SHARED_LOCK)
+       || (pPager->eLock==RESERVED_LOCK && locktype==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK)
   );
 
-  if( pPager->state>=locktype ){
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  }else{
-    do {
-      rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, locktype);
-    }while( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && pPager->xBusyHandler(pPager->pBusyHandlerArg) );
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pPager->state = (u8)locktype;
-      IOTRACE(("LOCK %p %d\n", pPager, locktype))
-    }
-  }
+  do {
+    rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, locktype);
+  }while( rc==SQLITE_BUSY && pPager->xBusyHandler(pPager->pBusyHandlerArg) );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -36924,9 +37748,8 @@ static void assertTruncateConstraint(Pager *pPager){
 ** truncation will be done when the current transaction is committed.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerTruncateImage(Pager *pPager, Pgno nPage){
-  assert( pPager->dbSizeValid );
   assert( pPager->dbSize>=nPage );
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD );
   pPager->dbSize = nPage;
   assertTruncateConstraint(pPager);
 }
@@ -36976,7 +37799,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager){
 
   disable_simulated_io_errors();
   sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-  pPager->errCode = 0;
+  /* pPager->errCode = 0; */
   pPager->exclusiveMode = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
   sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal,
@@ -36989,14 +37812,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerClose(Pager *pPager){
   if( MEMDB ){
     pager_unlock(pPager);
   }else{
-    /* Set Pager.journalHdr to -1 for the benefit of the pager_playback() 
-    ** call which may be made from within pagerUnlockAndRollback(). If it
-    ** is not -1, then the unsynced portion of an open journal file may
-    ** be played back into the database. If a power failure occurs while
-    ** this is happening, the database may become corrupt.
+    /* If it is open, sync the journal file before calling UnlockAndRollback.
+    ** If this is not done, then an unsynced portion of the open journal 
+    ** file may be played back into the database. If a power failure occurs 
+    ** while this is happening, the database could become corrupt.
+    **
+    ** If an error occurs while trying to sync the journal, shift the pager
+    ** into the ERROR state. This causes UnlockAndRollback to unlock the
+    ** database and close the journal file without attempting to roll it
+    ** back or finalize it. The next database user will have to do hot-journal
+    ** rollback before accessing the database file.
     */
     if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-      pPager->errCode = pagerSyncHotJournal(pPager);
+      pager_error(pPager, pagerSyncHotJournal(pPager));
     }
     pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
   }
@@ -37041,9 +37869,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage *pPg){
 ** been written to the journal have actually reached the surface of the
 ** disk and can be restored in the event of a hot-journal rollback.
 **
-** If the Pager.needSync flag is not set, then this function is a
-** no-op. Otherwise, the actions required depend on the journal-mode
-** and the device characteristics of the the file-system, as follows:
+** If the Pager.noSync flag is set, then this function is a no-op.
+** Otherwise, the actions required depend on the journal-mode and the 
+** device characteristics of the the file-system, as follows:
 **
 **   * If the journal file is an in-memory journal file, no action need
 **     be taken.
@@ -37067,18 +37895,25 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage *pPg){
 **     if( NOT SEQUENTIAL ) xSync(<journal file>);
 **   }
 **
-** The Pager.needSync flag is never be set for temporary files, or any
-** file operating in no-sync mode (Pager.noSync set to non-zero).
-**
 ** If successful, this routine clears the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag of every 
 ** page currently held in memory before returning SQLITE_OK. If an IO
 ** error is encountered, then the IO error code is returned to the caller.
 */
-static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->needSync ){
+static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager, int newHdr){
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
+
+  rc = sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(pPager);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  if( !pPager->noSync ){
     assert( !pPager->tempFile );
-    if( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
-      int rc;                              /* Return code */
+    if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
       const int iDc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
       assert( isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
 
@@ -37153,17 +37988,25 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager){
         );
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
       }
-    }
 
-    /* The journal file was just successfully synced. Set Pager.needSync 
-    ** to zero and clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag on all pagess.
-    */
-    pPager->needSync = 0;
-    pPager->journalStarted = 1;
-    pPager->journalHdr = pPager->journalOff;
-    sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(pPager->pPCache);
+      pPager->journalHdr = pPager->journalOff;
+      if( newHdr && 0==(iDc&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND) ){
+        pPager->nRec = 0;
+        rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+      }
+    }else{
+      pPager->journalHdr = pPager->journalOff;
+    }
   }
 
+  /* Unless the pager is in noSync mode, the journal file was just 
+  ** successfully synced. Either way, clear the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag on 
+  ** all pages.
+  */
+  sqlite3PcacheClearSyncFlags(pPager->pPCache);
+  pPager->eState = PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD;
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -37200,27 +38043,12 @@ static int syncJournal(Pager *pPager){
 ** be obtained, SQLITE_BUSY is returned.
 */
 static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
-  int rc;                              /* Return code */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
 
-  /* At this point there may be either a RESERVED or EXCLUSIVE lock on the
-  ** database file. If there is already an EXCLUSIVE lock, the following
-  ** call is a no-op.
-  **
-  ** Moving the lock from RESERVED to EXCLUSIVE actually involves going
-  ** through an intermediate state PENDING.   A PENDING lock prevents new
-  ** readers from attaching to the database but is unsufficient for us to
-  ** write.  The idea of a PENDING lock is to prevent new readers from
-  ** coming in while we wait for existing readers to clear.
-  **
-  ** While the pager is in the RESERVED state, the original database file
-  ** is unchanged and we can rollback without having to playback the
-  ** journal into the original database file.  Once we transition to
-  ** EXCLUSIVE, it means the database file has been changed and any rollback
-  ** will require a journal playback.
-  */
+  /* This function is only called for rollback pagers in WRITER_DBMOD state. */
   assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-  rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD );
+  assert( pPager->eLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK );
 
   /* If the file is a temp-file has not yet been opened, open it now. It
   ** is not possible for rc to be other than SQLITE_OK if this branch
@@ -37235,9 +38063,10 @@ static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
   ** file size will be.
   */
   assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->dbSize>(pPager->dbOrigSize+1) ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->dbSize>pPager->dbHintSize ){
     sqlite3_int64 szFile = pPager->pageSize * (sqlite3_int64)pPager->dbSize;
     sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT, &szFile);
+    pPager->dbHintSize = pPager->dbSize;
   }
 
   while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pList ){
@@ -37255,6 +38084,8 @@ static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
       i64 offset = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;   /* Offset to write */
       char *pData;                                   /* Data to write */    
 
+      assert( (pList->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)==0 );
+
       /* Encode the database */
       CODEC2(pPager, pList->pData, pgno, 6, return SQLITE_NOMEM, pData);
 
@@ -37283,9 +38114,7 @@ static int pager_write_pagelist(Pager *pPager, PgHdr *pList){
     }else{
       PAGERTRACE(("NOSTORE %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pgno));
     }
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pList->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pList);
-#endif
+    pager_set_pagehash(pList);
     pList = pList->pDirty;
   }
 
@@ -37397,9 +38226,14 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
   ** The doNotSpill flag inhibits all cache spilling regardless of whether
   ** or not a sync is required.  This is set during a rollback.
   **
-  ** Spilling is also inhibited when in an error state.
-  */
-  if( pPager->errCode ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  ** Spilling is also prohibited when in an error state since that could
+  ** lead to database corruption.   In the current implementaton it 
+  ** is impossible for sqlite3PCacheFetch() to be called with createFlag==1
+  ** while in the error state, hence it is impossible for this routine to
+  ** be called in the error state.  Nevertheless, we include a NEVER()
+  ** test for the error state as a safeguard against future changes.
+  */
+  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return SQLITE_OK;
   if( pPager->doNotSpill ) return SQLITE_OK;
   if( pPager->doNotSyncSpill && (pPg->flags & PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)!=0 ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -37417,16 +38251,10 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
   }else{
   
     /* Sync the journal file if required. */
-    if( pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC ){
-      assert( !pPager->noSync );
-      rc = syncJournal(pPager);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && 
-        !(pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY) &&
-        !(sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd)&SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND)
-      ){
-        pPager->nRec = 0;
-        rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
-      }
+    if( pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC 
+     || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+    ){
+      rc = syncJournal(pPager, 1);
     }
   
     /* If the page number of this page is larger than the current size of
@@ -37464,6 +38292,7 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
   
     /* Write the contents of the page out to the database file. */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      assert( (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)==0 );
       rc = pager_write_pagelist(pPager, pPg);
     }
   }
@@ -37474,7 +38303,7 @@ static int pagerStress(void *p, PgHdr *pPg){
     sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(pPg);
   }
 
-  return pager_error(pPager, rc);
+  return pager_error(pPager, rc); 
 }
 
 
@@ -37529,7 +38358,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
   int useJournal = (flags & PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL)==0; /* False to omit journal */
   int noReadlock = (flags & PAGER_NO_READLOCK)!=0;  /* True to omit read-lock */
   int pcacheSize = sqlite3PcacheSize();       /* Bytes to allocate for PCache */
-  u16 szPageDflt = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;  /* Default page size */
+  u32 szPageDflt = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;  /* Default page size */
 
   /* Figure out how much space is required for each journal file-handle
   ** (there are two of them, the main journal and the sub-journal). This
@@ -37664,7 +38493,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
         if( pPager->sectorSize>SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE ){
           szPageDflt = SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
         }else{
-          szPageDflt = (u16)pPager->sectorSize;
+          szPageDflt = (u32)pPager->sectorSize;
         }
       }
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
@@ -37692,7 +38521,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
     ** disk and uses an in-memory rollback journal.
     */ 
     tempFile = 1;
-    pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
+    pPager->eLock = EXCLUSIVE_LOCK;
     readOnly = (vfsFlags&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY);
   }
 
@@ -37729,13 +38559,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
   /* pPager->stmtOpen = 0; */
   /* pPager->stmtInUse = 0; */
   /* pPager->nRef = 0; */
-  pPager->dbSizeValid = (u8)memDb;
   /* pPager->stmtSize = 0; */
   /* pPager->stmtJSize = 0; */
   /* pPager->nPage = 0; */
   pPager->mxPgno = SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT;
   /* pPager->state = PAGER_UNLOCK; */
+#if 0
   assert( pPager->state == (tempFile ? PAGER_EXCLUSIVE : PAGER_UNLOCK) );
+#endif
   /* pPager->errMask = 0; */
   pPager->tempFile = (u8)tempFile;
   assert( tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_NORMAL 
@@ -37745,7 +38576,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpen(
   pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
   pPager->memDb = (u8)memDb;
   pPager->readOnly = (u8)readOnly;
-  /* pPager->needSync = 0; */
   assert( useJournal || pPager->tempFile );
   pPager->noSync = pPager->tempFile;
   pPager->fullSync = pPager->noSync ?0:1;
@@ -37810,10 +38640,10 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
   int exists = 1;               /* True if a journal file is present */
   int jrnlOpen = !!isOpen(pPager->jfd);
 
-  assert( pPager!=0 );
   assert( pPager->useJournal );
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
-  assert( pPager->state <= PAGER_SHARED );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN );
+
   assert( jrnlOpen==0 || ( sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->jfd) &
     SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
   ));
@@ -37823,7 +38653,7 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
     rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &exists);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && exists ){
-    int locked;                 /* True if some process holds a RESERVED lock */
+    int locked = 0;             /* True if some process holds a RESERVED lock */
 
     /* Race condition here:  Another process might have been holding the
     ** the RESERVED lock and have a journal open at the sqlite3OsAccess() 
@@ -37835,7 +38665,7 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
     */
     rc = sqlite3OsCheckReservedLock(pPager->fd, &locked);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !locked ){
-      int nPage;
+      Pgno nPage;                 /* Number of pages in database file */
 
       /* Check the size of the database file. If it consists of 0 pages,
       ** then delete the journal file. See the header comment above for 
@@ -37843,13 +38673,13 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
       ** a RESERVED lock to avoid race conditions and to avoid violating
       ** [H33020].
       */
-      rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+      rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         if( nPage==0 ){
           sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
-          if( sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, RESERVED_LOCK)==SQLITE_OK ){
+          if( pagerLockDb(pPager, RESERVED_LOCK)==SQLITE_OK ){
             sqlite3OsDelete(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
-            sqlite3OsUnlock(pPager->fd, SHARED_LOCK);
+            pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
           }
           sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
         }else{
@@ -37902,7 +38732,7 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
 **
 ** The following operations are also performed by this function.
 **
-**   1) If the pager is currently in PAGER_UNLOCK state (no lock held
+**   1) If the pager is currently in PAGER_OPEN state (no lock held
 **      on the database file), then an attempt is made to obtain a
 **      SHARED lock on the database file. Immediately after obtaining
 **      the SHARED lock, the file-system is checked for a hot-journal,
@@ -37917,66 +38747,47 @@ static int hasHotJournal(Pager *pPager, int *pExists){
 **      the contents of the page cache and rolling back any open journal
 **      file.
 **
-** If the operation described by (2) above is not attempted, and if the
-** pager is in an error state other than SQLITE_FULL when this is called,
-** the error state error code is returned. It is permitted to read the
-** database when in SQLITE_FULL error state.
-**
-** Otherwise, if everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an
-** IO error occurs while locking the database, checking for a hot-journal
-** file or rolling back a journal file, the IO error code is returned.
+** If everything is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an IO error 
+** occurs while locking the database, checking for a hot-journal file or 
+** rolling back a journal file, the IO error code is returned.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                /* Return code */
-  int isErrorReset = 0;              /* True if recovering from error state */
 
   /* This routine is only called from b-tree and only when there are no
-  ** outstanding pages */
+  ** outstanding pages. This implies that the pager state should either
+  ** be OPEN or READER. READER is only possible if the pager is or was in 
+  ** exclusive access mode.
+  */
   assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN || pPager->eState==PAGER_READER );
   if( NEVER(MEMDB && pPager->errCode) ){ return pPager->errCode; }
 
-  /* If this database is in an error-state, now is a chance to clear
-  ** the error. Discard the contents of the pager-cache and rollback
-  ** any hot journal in the file-system.
-  */
-  if( pPager->errCode ){
-    if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->zJournal ){
-      isErrorReset = 1;
-    }
-    pPager->errCode = SQLITE_OK;
-    pager_reset(pPager);
-  }
+  if( !pagerUseWal(pPager) && pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN ){
+    int bHotJournal = 1;          /* True if there exists a hot journal-file */
 
-  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
-    rc = pagerBeginReadTransaction(pPager);
-  }else if( pPager->state==PAGER_UNLOCK || isErrorReset ){
-    sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
-    int isHotJournal = 0;
     assert( !MEMDB );
-    assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
-    if( pPager->noReadlock ){
-      assert( pPager->readOnly );
-      pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
-    }else{
+    assert( pPager->noReadlock==0 || pPager->readOnly );
+
+    if( pPager->noReadlock==0 ){
       rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        assert( pPager->state==PAGER_UNLOCK );
-        return pager_error(pPager, rc);
+        assert( pPager->eLock==NO_LOCK || pPager->eLock==UNKNOWN_LOCK );
+        goto failed;
       }
     }
-    assert( pPager->state>=SHARED_LOCK );
 
     /* If a journal file exists, and there is no RESERVED lock on the
     ** database file, then it either needs to be played back or deleted.
     */
-    if( !isErrorReset ){
-      assert( pPager->state <= PAGER_SHARED );
-      rc = hasHotJournal(pPager, &isHotJournal);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto failed;
-      }
+    if( pPager->eLock<=SHARED_LOCK ){
+      rc = hasHotJournal(pPager, &bHotJournal);
     }
-    if( isErrorReset || isHotJournal ){
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      goto failed;
+    }
+    if( bHotJournal ){
       /* Get an EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file. At this point it is
       ** important that a RESERVED lock is not obtained on the way to the
       ** EXCLUSIVE lock. If it were, another process might open the
@@ -37988,58 +38799,45 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
       ** other process attempting to access the database file will get to 
       ** this point in the code and fail to obtain its own EXCLUSIVE lock 
       ** on the database file.
+      **
+      ** Unless the pager is in locking_mode=exclusive mode, the lock is
+      ** downgraded to SHARED_LOCK before this function returns.
       */
-      if( pPager->state<EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-          goto failed;
-        }
-        pPager->state = PAGER_EXCLUSIVE;
+      rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        goto failed;
       }
  
-      /* Open the journal for read/write access. This is because in 
-      ** exclusive-access mode the file descriptor will be kept open and
-      ** possibly used for a transaction later on. On some systems, the
-      ** OsTruncate() call used in exclusive-access mode also requires
-      ** a read/write file handle.
+      /* If it is not already open and the file exists on disk, open the 
+      ** journal for read/write access. Write access is required because 
+      ** in exclusive-access mode the file descriptor will be kept open 
+      ** and possibly used for a transaction later on. Also, write-access 
+      ** is usually required to finalize the journal in journal_mode=persist 
+      ** mode (and also for journal_mode=truncate on some systems).
+      **
+      ** If the journal does not exist, it usually means that some 
+      ** other connection managed to get in and roll it back before 
+      ** this connection obtained the exclusive lock above. Or, it 
+      ** may mean that the pager was in the error-state when this
+      ** function was called and the journal file does not exist.
       */
       if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-        int res;
-        rc = sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs,pPager->zJournal,SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS,&res);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          if( res ){
-            int fout = 0;
-            int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
-            assert( !pPager->tempFile );
-            rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, f, &fout);
-            assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-            if( rc==SQLITE_OK && fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ){
-              rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
-              sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-            }
-          }else{
-            /* If the journal does not exist, it usually means that some 
-            ** other connection managed to get in and roll it back before 
-            ** this connection obtained the exclusive lock above. Or, it 
-            ** may mean that the pager was in the error-state when this
-            ** function was called and the journal file does not exist.  */
-            rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0);
+        sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;
+        int bExists;              /* True if journal file exists */
+        rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
+            pVfs, pPager->zJournal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &bExists);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bExists ){
+          int fout = 0;
+          int f = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL;
+          assert( !pPager->tempFile );
+          rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, f, &fout);
+          assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK && fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ){
+            rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
+            sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
           }
         }
       }
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        goto failed;
-      }
-
-      /* Reset the journal status fields to indicates that we have no
-      ** rollback journal at this time. */
-      pPager->journalStarted = 0;
-      pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      pPager->setMaster = 0;
-      pPager->journalHdr = 0;
- 
-      /* Make sure the journal file has been synced to disk. */
  
       /* Playback and delete the journal.  Drop the database write
       ** lock and reacquire the read lock. Purge the cache before
@@ -38050,21 +38848,46 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
       ** the journal before playing it back.
       */
       if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
+        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
         rc = pagerSyncHotJournal(pPager);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = pager_playback(pPager, 1);
+          pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
         }
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-          goto failed;
-        }
+      }else if( !pPager->exclusiveMode ){
+        pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
+      }
+
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        /* This branch is taken if an error occurs while trying to open
+        ** or roll back a hot-journal while holding an EXCLUSIVE lock. The
+        ** pager_unlock() routine will be called before returning to unlock
+        ** the file. If the unlock attempt fails, then Pager.eLock must be
+        ** set to UNKNOWN_LOCK (see the comment above the #define for 
+        ** UNKNOWN_LOCK above for an explanation). 
+        **
+        ** In order to get pager_unlock() to do this, set Pager.eState to
+        ** PAGER_ERROR now. This is not actually counted as a transition
+        ** to ERROR state in the state diagram at the top of this file,
+        ** since we know that the same call to pager_unlock() will very
+        ** shortly transition the pager object to the OPEN state. Calling
+        ** assert_pager_state() would fail now, as it should not be possible
+        ** to be in ERROR state when there are zero outstanding page 
+        ** references.
+        */
+        pager_error(pPager, rc);
+        goto failed;
       }
-      assert( (pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED)
-           || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->state>PAGER_SHARED)
+
+      assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN );
+      assert( (pPager->eLock==SHARED_LOCK)
+           || (pPager->exclusiveMode && pPager->eLock>SHARED_LOCK)
       );
     }
 
-    if( pPager->pBackup || sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)>0 ){
+    if( !pPager->tempFile 
+     && (pPager->pBackup || sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)>0) 
+    ){
       /* The shared-lock has just been acquired on the database file
       ** and there are already pages in the cache (from a previous
       ** read or write transaction).  Check to see if the database
@@ -38081,14 +38904,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
       ** detected.  The chance of an undetected change is so small that
       ** it can be neglected.
       */
-      int nPage = 0;
+      Pgno nPage = 0;
       char dbFileVers[sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers)];
-      sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
 
-      if( pPager->errCode ){
-        rc = pPager->errCode;
-        goto failed;
-      }
+      rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+      if( rc ) goto failed;
 
       if( nPage>0 ){
         IOTRACE(("CKVERS %p %d\n", pPager, sizeof(dbFileVers)));
@@ -38104,18 +38924,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
         pager_reset(pPager);
       }
     }
-    assert( pPager->exclusiveMode || pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED );
 
     /* If there is a WAL file in the file-system, open this database in WAL
     ** mode. Otherwise, the following function call is a no-op.
     */
     rc = pagerOpenWalIfPresent(pPager);
+    assert( pPager->pWal==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
+  }
+
+  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+    rc = pagerBeginReadTransaction(pPager);
+  }
+
+  if( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &pPager->dbSize);
   }
 
  failed:
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* pager_unlock() is a no-op for exclusive mode and in-memory databases. */
+    assert( !MEMDB );
     pager_unlock(pPager);
+    assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN );
+  }else{
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -38129,9 +38961,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSharedLock(Pager *pPager){
 ** nothing to rollback, so this routine is a no-op.
 */ 
 static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
-  if( (sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0)
-   && (!pPager->exclusiveMode || pPager->journalOff>0) 
-  ){
+  if( (sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0) ){
     pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
   }
 }
@@ -38195,8 +39025,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(
   int rc;
   PgHdr *pPg;
 
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER );
   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
-  assert( pPager->state>PAGER_UNLOCK );
 
   if( pgno==0 ){
     return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
@@ -38204,7 +39034,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(
 
   /* If the pager is in the error state, return an error immediately. 
   ** Otherwise, request the page from the PCache layer. */
-  if( pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_OK && pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_FULL ){
+  if( pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = pPager->errCode;
   }else{
     rc = sqlite3PcacheFetch(pPager->pPCache, pgno, 1, ppPage);
@@ -38230,7 +39060,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(
   }else{
     /* The pager cache has created a new page. Its content needs to 
     ** be initialized.  */
-    int nMax;
 
     PAGER_INCR(pPager->nMiss);
     pPg = *ppPage;
@@ -38243,12 +39072,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(
       goto pager_acquire_err;
     }
 
-    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nMax);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      goto pager_acquire_err;
-    }
-
-    if( MEMDB || nMax<(int)pgno || noContent || !isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
+    if( MEMDB || pPager->dbSize<pgno || noContent || !isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
       if( pgno>pPager->mxPgno ){
         rc = SQLITE_FULL;
         goto pager_acquire_err;
@@ -38278,9 +39102,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerAcquire(
         goto pager_acquire_err;
       }
     }
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
-#endif
+    pager_set_pagehash(pPg);
   }
 
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -38299,9 +39121,7 @@ pager_acquire_err:
 /*
 ** Acquire a page if it is already in the in-memory cache.  Do
 ** not read the page from disk.  Return a pointer to the page,
-** or 0 if the page is not in cache. Also, return 0 if the 
-** pager is in PAGER_UNLOCK state when this function is called,
-** or if the pager is in an error state other than SQLITE_FULL.
+** or 0 if the page is not in cache. 
 **
 ** See also sqlite3PagerGet().  The difference between this routine
 ** and sqlite3PagerGet() is that _get() will go to the disk and read
@@ -38314,7 +39134,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE DbPage *sqlite3PagerLookup(Pager *pPager, Pgno pgno){
   assert( pPager!=0 );
   assert( pgno!=0 );
   assert( pPager->pPCache!=0 );
-  assert( pPager->state > PAGER_UNLOCK );
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER && pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
   sqlite3PcacheFetch(pPager->pPCache, pgno, 0, &pPg);
   return pPg;
 }
@@ -38359,12 +39179,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage *pPg){
 */
 static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                        /* Return code */
-  int nPage;                                 /* Size of database file */
   sqlite3_vfs * const pVfs = pPager->pVfs;   /* Local cache of vfs pointer */
 
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
-  assert( pPager->useJournal );
-  assert( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
   assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
   
   /* If already in the error state, this function is a no-op.  But on
@@ -38372,56 +39190,56 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
   ** an error state. */
   if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
 
-  testcase( pPager->dbSizeValid==0 );
-  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-  if( rc ) return rc;
-  pPager->pInJournal = sqlite3BitvecCreate(nPage);
-  if( pPager->pInJournal==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-  }
-
-  /* Open the journal file if it is not already open. */
-  if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-    if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
-      sqlite3MemJournalOpen(pPager->jfd);
-    }else{
-      const int flags =                   /* VFS flags to open journal file */
-        SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|
-        (pPager->tempFile ? 
-          (SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE|SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL):
-          (SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL)
+  if( !pagerUseWal(pPager) && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF ){
+    pPager->pInJournal = sqlite3BitvecCreate(pPager->dbSize);
+    if( pPager->pInJournal==0 ){
+      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  
+    /* Open the journal file if it is not already open. */
+    if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
+      if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY ){
+        sqlite3MemJournalOpen(pPager->jfd);
+      }else{
+        const int flags =                   /* VFS flags to open journal file */
+          SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|
+          (pPager->tempFile ? 
+            (SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE|SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL):
+            (SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL)
+          );
+  #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
+        rc = sqlite3JournalOpen(
+            pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, flags, jrnlBufferSize(pPager)
         );
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-      rc = sqlite3JournalOpen(
-          pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, flags, jrnlBufferSize(pPager)
-      );
-#else
-      rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, flags, 0);
-#endif
+  #else
+        rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zJournal, pPager->jfd, flags, 0);
+  #endif
+      }
+      assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
+    }
+  
+  
+    /* Write the first journal header to the journal file and open 
+    ** the sub-journal if necessary.
+    */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* TODO: Check if all of these are really required. */
+      pPager->nRec = 0;
+      pPager->journalOff = 0;
+      pPager->setMaster = 0;
+      pPager->journalHdr = 0;
+      rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
     }
-    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || isOpen(pPager->jfd) );
-  }
-
-
-  /* Write the first journal header to the journal file and open 
-  ** the sub-journal if necessary.
-  */
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* TODO: Check if all of these are really required. */
-    pPager->dbOrigSize = pPager->dbSize;
-    pPager->journalStarted = 0;
-    pPager->needSync = 0;
-    pPager->nRec = 0;
-    pPager->journalOff = 0;
-    pPager->setMaster = 0;
-    pPager->journalHdr = 0;
-    rc = writeJournalHdr(pPager);
   }
 
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     sqlite3BitvecDestroy(pPager->pInJournal);
     pPager->pInJournal = 0;
+  }else{
+    assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD;
   }
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -38434,14 +39252,6 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
 ** an EXCLUSIVE lock. If such a lock is already held, no locking 
 ** functions need be called.
 **
-** If this is not a temporary or in-memory file and, the journal file is 
-** opened if it has not been already. For a temporary file, the opening 
-** of the journal file is deferred until there is an actual need to 
-** write to the journal. TODO: Why handle temporary files differently?
-**
-** If the journal file is opened (or if it is already open), then a
-** journal-header is written to the start of it.
-**
 ** If the subjInMemory argument is non-zero, then any sub-journal opened
 ** within this transaction will be opened as an in-memory file. This
 ** has no effect if the sub-journal is already opened (as it may be when
@@ -38452,20 +39262,20 @@ static int pager_open_journal(Pager *pPager){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager *pPager, int exFlag, int subjInMemory){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  assert( pPager->state!=PAGER_UNLOCK );
+
+  if( pPager->errCode ) return pPager->errCode;
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER && pPager->eState<PAGER_ERROR );
   pPager->subjInMemory = (u8)subjInMemory;
 
-  if( pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED ){
+  if( ALWAYS(pPager->eState==PAGER_READER) ){
     assert( pPager->pInJournal==0 );
-    assert( !MEMDB && !pPager->tempFile );
 
     if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
       /* If the pager is configured to use locking_mode=exclusive, and an
       ** exclusive lock on the database is not already held, obtain it now.
       */
       if( pPager->exclusiveMode && sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(pPager->pWal, -1) ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-        pPager->state = PAGER_SHARED;
+        rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
           return rc;
         }
@@ -38476,52 +39286,40 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerBegin(Pager *pPager, int exFlag, int subjInMemory
       ** PAGER_RESERVED state. Otherwise, return an error code to the caller.
       ** The busy-handler is not invoked if another connection already
       ** holds the write-lock. If possible, the upper layer will call it.
-      **
-      ** WAL mode sets Pager.state to PAGER_RESERVED when it has an open
-      ** transaction, but never to PAGER_EXCLUSIVE. This is because in 
-      ** PAGER_EXCLUSIVE state the code to roll back savepoint transactions
-      ** may copy data from the sub-journal into the database file as well
-      ** as into the page cache. Which would be incorrect in WAL mode.
       */
       rc = sqlite3WalBeginWriteTransaction(pPager->pWal);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pPager->dbOrigSize = pPager->dbSize;
-        pPager->state = PAGER_RESERVED;
-        pPager->journalOff = 0;
-      }
-
-      assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED );
-      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED );
     }else{
       /* Obtain a RESERVED lock on the database file. If the exFlag parameter
       ** is true, then immediately upgrade this to an EXCLUSIVE lock. The
       ** busy-handler callback can be used when upgrading to the EXCLUSIVE
       ** lock, but not when obtaining the RESERVED lock.
       */
-      rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, RESERVED_LOCK);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pPager->state = PAGER_RESERVED;
-        if( exFlag ){
-          rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
-        }
+      rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, RESERVED_LOCK);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && exFlag ){
+        rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
       }
     }
 
-    /* No need to open the journal file at this time.  It will be
-    ** opened before it is written to.  If we defer opening the journal,
-    ** we might save the work of creating a file if the transaction
-    ** ends up being a no-op.
-    */
-
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( !pPager->dbModified );
-      /* Ignore any IO error that occurs within pager_end_transaction(). The
-      ** purpose of this call is to reset the internal state of the pager
-      ** sub-system. It doesn't matter if the journal-file is not properly
-      ** finalized at this point (since it is not a valid journal file anyway).
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* Change to WRITER_LOCKED state.
+      **
+      ** WAL mode sets Pager.eState to PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED or CACHEMOD
+      ** when it has an open transaction, but never to DBMOD or FINISHED.
+      ** This is because in those states the code to roll back savepoint 
+      ** transactions may copy data from the sub-journal into the database 
+      ** file as well as into the page cache. Which would be incorrect in 
+      ** WAL mode.
       */
-      pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0);
+      pPager->eState = PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED;
+      pPager->dbHintSize = pPager->dbSize;
+      pPager->dbFileSize = pPager->dbSize;
+      pPager->dbOrigSize = pPager->dbSize;
+      pPager->journalOff = 0;
     }
+
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pPager->eState==PAGER_READER );
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
+    assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
   }
 
   PAGERTRACE(("TRANSACTION %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
@@ -38540,22 +39338,24 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
   Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
-  /* This routine is not called unless a transaction has already been
-  ** started.
+  /* This routine is not called unless a write-transaction has already 
+  ** been started. The journal file may or may not be open at this point.
+  ** It is never called in the ERROR state.
   */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
 
   /* If an error has been previously detected, report the same error
-  ** again.
-  */
+  ** again. This should not happen, but the check provides robustness. */
   if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) )  return pPager->errCode;
 
   /* Higher-level routines never call this function if database is not
   ** writable.  But check anyway, just for robustness. */
   if( NEVER(pPager->readOnly) ) return SQLITE_PERM;
 
-  assert( !pPager->setMaster );
-
   CHECK_PAGE(pPg);
 
   /* Mark the page as dirty.  If the page has already been written
@@ -38564,82 +39364,68 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
   sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPg);
   if( pageInJournal(pPg) && !subjRequiresPage(pPg) ){
     assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
-    pPager->dbModified = 1;
+    assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD );
   }else{
 
     /* If we get this far, it means that the page needs to be
-    ** written to the transaction journal or the ckeckpoint journal
+    ** written to the transaction journal or the checkpoint journal
     ** or both.
     **
-    ** Higher level routines should have already started a transaction,
-    ** which means they have acquired the necessary locks but the rollback
-    ** journal might not yet be open.
+    ** Higher level routines have already obtained the necessary locks
+    ** to begin the write-transaction, but the rollback journal might not 
+    ** yet be open. Open it now if this is the case.
     */
-    assert( pPager->state>=RESERVED_LOCK );
-    if( pPager->pInJournal==0
-     && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF 
-     && !pagerUseWal(pPager)
-    ){
-      assert( pPager->useJournal );
+    if( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED ){
       rc = pager_open_journal(pPager);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
     }
-    pPager->dbModified = 1;
+    assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD );
+    assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
   
     /* The transaction journal now exists and we have a RESERVED or an
     ** EXCLUSIVE lock on the main database file.  Write the current page to
     ** the transaction journal if it is not there already.
     */
-    if( !pageInJournal(pPg) && isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-      assert( !pagerUseWal(pPager) );
-      if( pPg->pgno<=pPager->dbOrigSize ){
+    if( !pageInJournal(pPg) && !pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+      assert( pagerUseWal(pPager)==0 );
+      if( pPg->pgno<=pPager->dbOrigSize && isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
         u32 cksum;
         char *pData2;
+        i64 iOff = pPager->journalOff;
 
         /* We should never write to the journal file the page that
         ** contains the database locks.  The following assert verifies
         ** that we do not. */
         assert( pPg->pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
 
-        assert( pPager->journalHdr <= pPager->journalOff );
+        assert( pPager->journalHdr<=pPager->journalOff );
         CODEC2(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7, return SQLITE_NOMEM, pData2);
         cksum = pager_cksum(pPager, (u8*)pData2);
-        rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, pPager->journalOff, pPg->pgno);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, pData2, pPager->pageSize,
-                              pPager->journalOff + 4);
-          pPager->journalOff += pPager->pageSize+4;
-        }
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, pPager->journalOff, cksum);
-          pPager->journalOff += 4;
-        }
-        IOTRACE(("JOUT %p %d %lld %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno, 
-                 pPager->journalOff, pPager->pageSize));
-        PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_writej_count);
-        PAGERTRACE(("JOURNAL %d page %d needSync=%d hash(%08x)\n",
-             PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, 
-             ((pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0), pager_pagehash(pPg)));
 
-        /* Even if an IO or diskfull error occurred while journalling the
+        /* Even if an IO or diskfull error occurs while journalling the
         ** page in the block above, set the need-sync flag for the page.
         ** Otherwise, when the transaction is rolled back, the logic in
         ** playback_one_page() will think that the page needs to be restored
         ** in the database file. And if an IO error occurs while doing so,
         ** then corruption may follow.
         */
-        if( !pPager->noSync ){
-          pPg->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-          pPager->needSync = 1;
-        }
+        pPg->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
 
-        /* An error has occurred writing to the journal file. The 
-        ** transaction will be rolled back by the layer above.
-        */
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          return rc;
-        }
+        rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iOff, pPg->pgno);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, pData2, pPager->pageSize, iOff+4);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+        rc = write32bits(pPager->jfd, iOff+pPager->pageSize+4, cksum);
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
 
+        IOTRACE(("JOUT %p %d %lld %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno, 
+                 pPager->journalOff, pPager->pageSize));
+        PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_writej_count);
+        PAGERTRACE(("JOURNAL %d page %d needSync=%d hash(%08x)\n",
+             PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, 
+             ((pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)?1:0), pager_pagehash(pPg)));
+
+        pPager->journalOff += 8 + pPager->pageSize;
         pPager->nRec++;
         assert( pPager->pInJournal!=0 );
         rc = sqlite3BitvecSet(pPager->pInJournal, pPg->pgno);
@@ -38651,9 +39437,8 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
           return rc;
         }
       }else{
-        if( !pPager->journalStarted && !pPager->noSync ){
+        if( pPager->eState!=PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD ){
           pPg->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
-          pPager->needSync = 1;
         }
         PAGERTRACE(("APPEND %d page %d needSync=%d\n",
                 PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno,
@@ -38673,7 +39458,6 @@ static int pager_write(PgHdr *pPg){
 
   /* Update the database size and return.
   */
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED );
   if( pPager->dbSize<pPg->pgno ){
     pPager->dbSize = pPg->pgno;
   }
@@ -38701,6 +39485,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage *pDbPage){
   Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager;
   Pgno nPagePerSector = (pPager->sectorSize/pPager->pageSize);
 
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
+  assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+
   if( nPagePerSector>1 ){
     Pgno nPageCount;          /* Total number of pages in database file */
     Pgno pg1;                 /* First page of the sector pPg is located on. */
@@ -38722,19 +39510,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage *pDbPage){
     */
     pg1 = ((pPg->pgno-1) & ~(nPagePerSector-1)) + 1;
 
-    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, (int *)&nPageCount);
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      if( pPg->pgno>nPageCount ){
-        nPage = (pPg->pgno - pg1)+1;
-      }else if( (pg1+nPagePerSector-1)>nPageCount ){
-        nPage = nPageCount+1-pg1;
-      }else{
-        nPage = nPagePerSector;
-      }
-      assert(nPage>0);
-      assert(pg1<=pPg->pgno);
-      assert((pg1+nPage)>pPg->pgno);
+    nPageCount = pPager->dbSize;
+    if( pPg->pgno>nPageCount ){
+      nPage = (pPg->pgno - pg1)+1;
+    }else if( (pg1+nPagePerSector-1)>nPageCount ){
+      nPage = nPageCount+1-pg1;
+    }else{
+      nPage = nPagePerSector;
     }
+    assert(nPage>0);
+    assert(pg1<=pPg->pgno);
+    assert((pg1+nPage)>pPg->pgno);
 
     for(ii=0; ii<nPage && rc==SQLITE_OK; ii++){
       Pgno pg = pg1+ii;
@@ -38746,7 +39532,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage *pDbPage){
             rc = pager_write(pPage);
             if( pPage->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC ){
               needSync = 1;
-              assert(pPager->needSync);
             }
             sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
           }
@@ -38766,7 +39551,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage *pDbPage){
     ** before any of them can be written out to the database file.
     */
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && needSync ){
-      assert( !MEMDB && pPager->noSync==0 );
+      assert( !MEMDB );
       for(ii=0; ii<nPage; ii++){
         PgHdr *pPage = pager_lookup(pPager, pg1+ii);
         if( pPage ){
@@ -38774,7 +39559,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage *pDbPage){
           sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage);
         }
       }
-      assert(pPager->needSync);
     }
 
     assert( pPager->doNotSyncSpill==1 );
@@ -38816,9 +39600,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(PgHdr *pPg){
     PAGERTRACE(("DONT_WRITE page %d of %d\n", pPg->pgno, PAGERID(pPager)));
     IOTRACE(("CLEAN %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno))
     pPg->flags |= PGHDR_DONT_WRITE;
-#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
-#endif
+    pager_set_pagehash(pPg);
   }
 }
 
@@ -38841,6 +39623,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerDontWrite(PgHdr *pPg){
 static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+
   /* Declare and initialize constant integer 'isDirect'. If the
   ** atomic-write optimization is enabled in this build, then isDirect
   ** is initialized to the value passed as the isDirectMode parameter
@@ -38859,7 +39646,6 @@ static int pager_incr_changecounter(Pager *pPager, int isDirectMode){
 # define DIRECT_MODE isDirectMode
 #endif
 
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_RESERVED );
   if( !pPager->changeCountDone && pPager->dbSize>0 ){
     PgHdr *pPgHdr;                /* Reference to page 1 */
     u32 change_counter;           /* Initial value of change-counter field */
@@ -38932,6 +39718,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSync(Pager *pPager){
 }
 
 /*
+** This function may only be called while a write-transaction is active in
+** rollback. If the connection is in WAL mode, this call is a no-op. 
+** Otherwise, if the connection does not already have an EXCLUSIVE lock on 
+** the database file, an attempt is made to obtain one.
+**
+** If the EXCLUSIVE lock is already held or the attempt to obtain it is
+** successful, or the connection is in WAL mode, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+** Otherwise, either SQLITE_BUSY or an SQLITE_IOERR_XXX error code is 
+** returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(Pager *pPager){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD 
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD 
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED 
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  if( 0==pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    rc = pager_wait_on_lock(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Sync the database file for the pager pPager. zMaster points to the name
 ** of a master journal file that should be written into the individual
 ** journal file. zMaster may be NULL, which is interpreted as no master
@@ -38964,22 +39774,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
 
-  /* The dbOrigSize is never set if journal_mode=OFF */
-  assert( pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF || pPager->dbOrigSize==0 );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
 
   /* If a prior error occurred, report that error again. */
-  if( pPager->errCode ) return pPager->errCode;
+  if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
 
   PAGERTRACE(("DATABASE SYNC: File=%s zMaster=%s nSize=%d\n", 
       pPager->zFilename, zMaster, pPager->dbSize));
 
-  if( MEMDB && pPager->dbModified ){
+  /* If no database changes have been made, return early. */
+  if( pPager->eState<PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD ) return SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( MEMDB ){
     /* If this is an in-memory db, or no pages have been written to, or this
     ** function has already been called, it is mostly a no-op.  However, any
     ** backup in progress needs to be restarted.
     */
     sqlite3BackupRestart(pPager->pBackup);
-  }else if( pPager->state!=PAGER_SYNCED && pPager->dbModified ){
+  }else{
     if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
       PgHdr *pList = sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(pPager->pPCache);
       if( pList ){
@@ -39022,7 +39839,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       );
       if( !zMaster && isOpen(pPager->jfd) 
        && pPager->journalOff==jrnlBufferSize(pPager) 
-       && pPager->dbSize>=pPager->dbFileSize
+       && pPager->dbSize>=pPager->dbOrigSize
        && (0==(pPg = sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(pPager->pPCache)) || 0==pPg->pDirty)
       ){
         /* Update the db file change counter via the direct-write method. The 
@@ -39052,13 +39869,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       ** that it took at the start of the transaction. Otherwise, the
       ** calls to sqlite3PagerGet() return zeroed pages instead of 
       ** reading data from the database file.
-      **
-      ** When journal_mode==OFF the dbOrigSize is always zero, so this
-      ** block never runs if journal_mode=OFF.
       */
   #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       if( pPager->dbSize<pPager->dbOrigSize 
-       && ALWAYS(pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF)
+       && pPager->journalMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_OFF
       ){
         Pgno i;                                   /* Iterator variable */
         const Pgno iSkip = PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager); /* Pending lock page */
@@ -39085,14 +39899,20 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       rc = writeMasterJournal(pPager, zMaster);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
   
-      /* Sync the journal file. If the atomic-update optimization is being
-      ** used, this call will not create the journal file or perform any
-      ** real IO.
+      /* Sync the journal file and write all dirty pages to the database.
+      ** If the atomic-update optimization is being used, this sync will not 
+      ** create the journal file or perform any real IO.
+      **
+      ** Because the change-counter page was just modified, unless the
+      ** atomic-update optimization is used it is almost certain that the
+      ** journal requires a sync here. However, in locking_mode=exclusive
+      ** on a system under memory pressure it is just possible that this is 
+      ** not the case. In this case it is likely enough that the redundant
+      ** xSync() call will be changed to a no-op by the OS anyhow. 
       */
-      rc = syncJournal(pPager);
+      rc = syncJournal(pPager, 0);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
   
-      /* Write all dirty pages to the database file. */
       rc = pager_write_pagelist(pPager,sqlite3PcacheDirtyList(pPager->pPCache));
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         assert( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED );
@@ -39105,7 +39925,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       */
       if( pPager->dbSize!=pPager->dbFileSize ){
         Pgno nNew = pPager->dbSize - (pPager->dbSize==PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager));
-        assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE );
+        assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD );
         rc = pager_truncate(pPager, nNew);
         if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto commit_phase_one_exit;
       }
@@ -39116,11 +39936,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseOne(
       }
       IOTRACE(("DBSYNC %p\n", pPager))
     }
-
-    pPager->state = PAGER_SYNCED;
   }
 
 commit_phase_one_exit:
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED;
+  }
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -39148,12 +39969,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
   ** called, just return the same error code without doing anything. */
   if( NEVER(pPager->errCode) ) return pPager->errCode;
 
-  /* This function should not be called if the pager is not in at least
-  ** PAGER_RESERVED state. **FIXME**: Make it so that this test always
-  ** fails - make it so that we never reach this point if we do not hold
-  ** all necessary locks.
-  */
-  if( NEVER(pPager->state<PAGER_RESERVED) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_FINISHED
+       || (pagerUseWal(pPager) && pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD)
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
 
   /* An optimization. If the database was not actually modified during
   ** this transaction, the pager is running in exclusive-mode and is
@@ -39166,102 +39986,76 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCommitPhaseTwo(Pager *pPager){
   ** header. Since the pager is in exclusive mode, there is no need
   ** to drop any locks either.
   */
-  if( pPager->dbModified==0 && pPager->exclusiveMode 
+  if( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED 
+   && pPager->exclusiveMode 
    && pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_PERSIST
   ){
     assert( pPager->journalOff==JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager) || !pPager->journalOff );
+    pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   PAGERTRACE(("COMMIT %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
-  assert( pPager->state==PAGER_SYNCED || MEMDB || !pPager->dbModified );
   rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
   return pager_error(pPager, rc);
 }
 
 /*
-** Rollback all changes. The database falls back to PAGER_SHARED mode.
+** If a write transaction is open, then all changes made within the 
+** transaction are reverted and the current write-transaction is closed.
+** The pager falls back to PAGER_READER state if successful, or PAGER_ERROR
+** state if an error occurs.
 **
-** This function performs two tasks:
+** If the pager is already in PAGER_ERROR state when this function is called,
+** it returns Pager.errCode immediately. No work is performed in this case.
+**
+** Otherwise, in rollback mode, this function performs two functions:
 **
 **   1) It rolls back the journal file, restoring all database file and 
 **      in-memory cache pages to the state they were in when the transaction
 **      was opened, and
+**
 **   2) It finalizes the journal file, so that it is not used for hot
 **      rollback at any point in the future.
 **
-** subject to the following qualifications:
-**
-** * If the journal file is not yet open when this function is called,
-**   then only (2) is performed. In this case there is no journal file
-**   to roll back.
-**
-** * If in an error state other than SQLITE_FULL, then task (1) is 
-**   performed. If successful, task (2). Regardless of the outcome
-**   of either, the error state error code is returned to the caller
-**   (i.e. either SQLITE_IOERR or SQLITE_CORRUPT).
-**
-** * If the pager is in PAGER_RESERVED state, then attempt (1). Whether
-**   or not (1) is successful, also attempt (2). If successful, return
-**   SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, enter the error state and return the first 
-**   error code encountered. 
+** Finalization of the journal file (task 2) is only performed if the 
+** rollback is successful.
 **
-**   In this case there is no chance that the database was written to. 
-**   So is safe to finalize the journal file even if the playback 
-**   (operation 1) failed. However the pager must enter the error state
-**   as the contents of the in-memory cache are now suspect.
-**
-** * Finally, if in PAGER_EXCLUSIVE state, then attempt (1). Only
-**   attempt (2) if (1) is successful. Return SQLITE_OK if successful,
-**   otherwise enter the error state and return the error code from the 
-**   failing operation.
-**
-**   In this case the database file may have been written to. So if the
-**   playback operation did not succeed it would not be safe to finalize
-**   the journal file. It needs to be left in the file-system so that
-**   some other process can use it to restore the database state (by
-**   hot-journal rollback).
+** In WAL mode, all cache-entries containing data modified within the
+** current transaction are either expelled from the cache or reverted to
+** their pre-transaction state by re-reading data from the database or
+** WAL files. The WAL transaction is then closed.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRollback(Pager *pPager){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
   PAGERTRACE(("ROLLBACK %d\n", PAGERID(pPager)));
+
+  /* PagerRollback() is a no-op if called in READER or OPEN state. If
+  ** the pager is already in the ERROR state, the rollback is not 
+  ** attempted here. Instead, the error code is returned to the caller.
+  */
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  if( pPager->eState==PAGER_ERROR ) return pPager->errCode;
+  if( pPager->eState<=PAGER_READER ) return SQLITE_OK;
+
   if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
     int rc2;
-
     rc = sqlite3PagerSavepoint(pPager, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, -1);
     rc2 = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
-    rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-  }else if( !pPager->dbModified || !isOpen(pPager->jfd) ){
-    rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
-  }else if( pPager->errCode && pPager->errCode!=SQLITE_FULL ){
-    if( pPager->state>=PAGER_EXCLUSIVE ){
-      pager_playback(pPager, 0);
-    }
-    rc = pPager->errCode;
+  }else if( !isOpen(pPager->jfd) || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED ){
+    rc = pager_end_transaction(pPager, 0);
   }else{
-    if( pPager->state==PAGER_RESERVED ){
-      int rc2;
-      rc = pager_playback(pPager, 0);
-      rc2 = pager_end_transaction(pPager, pPager->setMaster);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = rc2;
-      }
-    }else{
-      rc = pager_playback(pPager, 0);
-    }
+    rc = pager_playback(pPager, 0);
+  }
 
-    if( !MEMDB ){
-      pPager->dbSizeValid = 0;
-    }
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_FULL || (rc&0xFF)==SQLITE_IOERR );
 
-    /* If an error occurs during a ROLLBACK, we can no longer trust the pager
-    ** cache. So call pager_error() on the way out to make any error 
-    ** persistent.
-    */
-    rc = pager_error(pPager, rc);
-  }
-  return rc;
+  /* If an error occurs during a ROLLBACK, we can no longer trust the pager
+  ** cache. So call pager_error() on the way out to make any error persistent.
+  */
+  return pager_error(pPager, rc);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -39284,9 +40078,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerRefcount(Pager *pPager){
 ** used by the pager and its associated cache.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMemUsed(Pager *pPager){
-  int perPageSize = pPager->pageSize + pPager->nExtra + 20;
+  int perPageSize = pPager->pageSize + pPager->nExtra + sizeof(PgHdr)
+                                     + 5*sizeof(void*);
   return perPageSize*sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)
-           + sqlite3MallocSize(pPager);
+           + sqlite3MallocSize(pPager)
+           + pPager->pageSize;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -39305,8 +40101,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int *sqlite3PagerStats(Pager *pPager){
   a[0] = sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache);
   a[1] = sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache);
   a[2] = sqlite3PcacheGetCachesize(pPager->pPCache);
-  a[3] = pPager->dbSizeValid ? (int) pPager->dbSize : -1;
-  a[4] = pPager->state;
+  a[3] = pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN ? -1 : (int) pPager->dbSize;
+  a[4] = pPager->eState;
   a[5] = pPager->errCode;
   a[6] = pPager->nHit;
   a[7] = pPager->nMiss;
@@ -39338,13 +40134,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                       /* Return code */
   int nCurrent = pPager->nSavepoint;        /* Current number of savepoints */
 
+  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_LOCKED );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+
   if( nSavepoint>nCurrent && pPager->useJournal ){
     int ii;                                 /* Iterator variable */
     PagerSavepoint *aNew;                   /* New Pager.aSavepoint array */
-    int nPage;                              /* Size of database file */
-
-    rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
 
     /* Grow the Pager.aSavepoint array using realloc(). Return SQLITE_NOMEM
     ** if the allocation fails. Otherwise, zero the new portion in case a 
@@ -39361,14 +40156,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
 
     /* Populate the PagerSavepoint structures just allocated. */
     for(ii=nCurrent; ii<nSavepoint; ii++){
-      aNew[ii].nOrig = nPage;
+      aNew[ii].nOrig = pPager->dbSize;
       if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) && pPager->journalOff>0 ){
         aNew[ii].iOffset = pPager->journalOff;
       }else{
         aNew[ii].iOffset = JOURNAL_HDR_SZ(pPager);
       }
       aNew[ii].iSubRec = pPager->nSubRec;
-      aNew[ii].pInSavepoint = sqlite3BitvecCreate(nPage);
+      aNew[ii].pInSavepoint = sqlite3BitvecCreate(pPager->dbSize);
       if( !aNew[ii].pInSavepoint ){
         return SQLITE_NOMEM;
       }
@@ -39415,12 +40210,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int nSavepoint){
 ** savepoint. If no errors occur, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */ 
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int rc = pPager->errCode;       /* Return code */
 
   assert( op==SAVEPOINT_RELEASE || op==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
   assert( iSavepoint>=0 || op==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK );
 
-  if( iSavepoint<pPager->nSavepoint ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iSavepoint<pPager->nSavepoint ){
     int ii;            /* Iterator variable */
     int nNew;          /* Number of remaining savepoints after this op. */
 
@@ -39456,8 +40251,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSavepoint(Pager *pPager, int op, int iSavepoint){
       rc = pagerPlaybackSavepoint(pPager, pSavepoint);
       assert(rc!=SQLITE_DONE);
     }
-  
   }
+
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -39555,6 +40350,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
   Pgno origPgno;               /* The original page number */
 
   assert( pPg->nRef>0 );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD
+       || pPager->eState==PAGER_WRITER_DBMOD
+  );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
 
   /* In order to be able to rollback, an in-memory database must journal
   ** the page we are moving from.
@@ -39604,11 +40403,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
     needSyncPgno = pPg->pgno;
     assert( pageInJournal(pPg) || pPg->pgno>pPager->dbOrigSize );
     assert( pPg->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY );
-    assert( pPager->needSync );
   }
 
   /* If the cache contains a page with page-number pgno, remove it
-  ** from its hash chain. Also, if the PgHdr.needSync was set for 
+  ** from its hash chain. Also, if the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC flag was set for 
   ** page pgno before the 'move' operation, it needs to be retained 
   ** for the page moved there.
   */
@@ -39620,7 +40418,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
     if( MEMDB ){
       /* Do not discard pages from an in-memory database since we might
       ** need to rollback later.  Just move the page out of the way. */
-      assert( pPager->dbSizeValid );
       sqlite3PcacheMove(pPgOld, pPager->dbSize+1);
     }else{
       sqlite3PcacheDrop(pPgOld);
@@ -39630,14 +40427,23 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
   origPgno = pPg->pgno;
   sqlite3PcacheMove(pPg, pgno);
   sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPg);
-  pPager->dbModified = 1;
+
+  /* For an in-memory database, make sure the original page continues
+  ** to exist, in case the transaction needs to roll back.  Use pPgOld
+  ** as the original page since it has already been allocated.
+  */
+  if( MEMDB ){
+    assert( pPgOld );
+    sqlite3PcacheMove(pPgOld, origPgno);
+    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPgOld);
+  }
 
   if( needSyncPgno ){
     /* If needSyncPgno is non-zero, then the journal file needs to be 
     ** sync()ed before any data is written to database file page needSyncPgno.
     ** Currently, no such page exists in the page-cache and the 
     ** "is journaled" bitvec flag has been set. This needs to be remedied by
-    ** loading the page into the pager-cache and setting the PgHdr.needSync 
+    ** loading the page into the pager-cache and setting the PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
     ** flag.
     **
     ** If the attempt to load the page into the page-cache fails, (due
@@ -39646,12 +40452,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
     ** this transaction, it may be written to the database file before
     ** it is synced into the journal file. This way, it may end up in
     ** the journal file twice, but that is not a problem.
-    **
-    ** The sqlite3PagerGet() call may cause the journal to sync. So make
-    ** sure the Pager.needSync flag is set too.
     */
     PgHdr *pPgHdr;
-    assert( pPager->needSync );
     rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, needSyncPgno, &pPgHdr);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       if( needSyncPgno<=pPager->dbOrigSize ){
@@ -39660,23 +40462,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerMovepage(Pager *pPager, DbPage *pPg, Pgno pgno, i
       }
       return rc;
     }
-    pPager->needSync = 1;
-    assert( pPager->noSync==0 && !MEMDB );
     pPgHdr->flags |= PGHDR_NEED_SYNC;
     sqlite3PcacheMakeDirty(pPgHdr);
     sqlite3PagerUnref(pPgHdr);
   }
 
-  /*
-  ** For an in-memory database, make sure the original page continues
-  ** to exist, in case the transaction needs to roll back.  Use pPgOld
-  ** as the original page since it has already been allocated.
-  */
-  if( MEMDB ){
-    sqlite3PcacheMove(pPgOld, origPgno);
-    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPgOld);
-  }
-
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 #endif
@@ -39742,6 +40532,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerLockingMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
   u8 eOld = pPager->journalMode;    /* Prior journalmode */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* The print_pager_state() routine is intended to be used by the debugger
+  ** only.  We invoke it once here to suppress a compiler warning. */
+  print_pager_state(pPager);
+#endif
+
+
   /* The eMode parameter is always valid */
   assert(      eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE
             || eMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE
@@ -39767,20 +40564,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
   }
 
   if( eMode!=eOld ){
-    /* When changing between rollback modes, close the journal file prior
-    ** to the change.  But when changing from a rollback mode to WAL, keep
-    ** the journal open since there is a rollback-style transaction in play
-    ** used to convert the version numbers in the btree header.
-    */
-    if( isOpen(pPager->jfd) && eMode!=PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
-      sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-    }
 
     /* Change the journal mode. */
+    assert( pPager->eState!=PAGER_ERROR );
     pPager->journalMode = (u8)eMode;
 
     /* When transistioning from TRUNCATE or PERSIST to any other journal
-    ** mode except WAL (and we are not in locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE) then 
+    ** mode except WAL, unless the pager is in locking_mode=exclusive mode,
     ** delete the journal file.
     */
     assert( (PAGER_JOURNALMODE_TRUNCATE & 5)==1 );
@@ -39801,24 +40591,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerSetJournalMode(Pager *pPager, int eMode){
       ** database file. This ensures that the journal file is not deleted
       ** while it is in use by some other client.
       */
-      int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      int state = pPager->state;
-      if( state<PAGER_SHARED ){
-        rc = sqlite3PagerSharedLock(pPager);
-      }
-      if( pPager->state==PAGER_SHARED ){
-        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-        rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, RESERVED_LOCK);
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
+      if( pPager->eLock>=RESERVED_LOCK ){
         sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
+      }else{
+        int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        int state = pPager->eState;
+        assert( state==PAGER_OPEN || state==PAGER_READER );
+        if( state==PAGER_OPEN ){
+          rc = sqlite3PagerSharedLock(pPager);
+        }
+        if( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER ){
+          assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+          rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, RESERVED_LOCK);
+        }
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
+        }
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && state==PAGER_READER ){
+          pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
+        }else if( state==PAGER_OPEN ){
+          pager_unlock(pPager);
+        }
+        assert( state==pPager->eState );
       }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && state==PAGER_SHARED ){
-        sqlite3OsUnlock(pPager->fd, SHARED_LOCK);
-      }else if( state==PAGER_UNLOCK ){
-        pager_unlock(pPager);
-      }
-      assert( state==pPager->state );
     }
   }
 
@@ -39839,7 +40635,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(Pager *pPager){
 ** is unmodified.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOkToChangeJournalMode(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->dbModified ) return 0;
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  if( pPager->eState>=PAGER_WRITER_CACHEMOD ) return 0;
   if( NEVER(isOpen(pPager->jfd) && pPager->journalOff>0) ) return 0;
   return 1;
 }
@@ -39904,25 +40701,31 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalSupported(Pager *pPager){
 ** file (not a temp file or an in-memory database), and the WAL file
 ** is not already open, make an attempt to open it now. If successful,
 ** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs or the VFS used by the pager does 
-** not support the xShmXXX() methods, return an error code. *pisOpen is
+** not support the xShmXXX() methods, return an error code. *pbOpen is
 ** not modified in either case.
 **
 ** If the pager is open on a temp-file (or in-memory database), or if
-** the WAL file is already open, set *pisOpen to 1 and return SQLITE_OK
+** the WAL file is already open, set *pbOpen to 1 and return SQLITE_OK
 ** without doing anything.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(
   Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
-  int *pisOpen                    /* OUT: Set to true if call is a no-op */
+  int *pbOpen                     /* OUT: Set to true if call is a no-op */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
 
-  assert( pPager->state>=PAGER_SHARED );
-  assert( (pisOpen==0 && !pPager->tempFile && !pPager->pWal) || *pisOpen==0 );
+  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN   || pbOpen );
+  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_READER || !pbOpen );
+  assert( pbOpen==0 || *pbOpen==0 );
+  assert( pbOpen!=0 || (!pPager->tempFile && !pPager->pWal) );
 
   if( !pPager->tempFile && !pPager->pWal ){
     if( !sqlite3PagerWalSupported(pPager) ) return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
 
+    /* Close any rollback journal previously open */
+    sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
+
     /* Open the connection to the log file. If this operation fails, 
     ** (e.g. due to malloc() failure), unlock the database file and 
     ** return an error code.
@@ -39930,9 +40733,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(
     rc = sqlite3WalOpen(pPager->pVfs, pPager->fd, pPager->zWal, &pPager->pWal);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       pPager->journalMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL;
+      pPager->eState = PAGER_OPEN;
     }
   }else{
-    *pisOpen = 1;
+    *pbOpen = 1;
   }
 
   return rc;
@@ -39958,7 +40762,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager){
   */
   if( !pPager->pWal ){
     int logexists = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED);
+    rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
           pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &logexists
@@ -39974,7 +40778,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager){
   ** the database file, the log and log-summary files will be deleted.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->pWal ){
-    rc = sqlite3OsLock(pPager->fd, SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
+    rc = pagerLockDb(pPager, EXCLUSIVE_LOCK);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal,
                            (pPager->noSync ? 0 : pPager->sync_flags), 
@@ -39984,7 +40788,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerCloseWal(Pager *pPager){
     }else{
       /* If we cannot get an EXCLUSIVE lock, downgrade the PENDING lock
       ** that we did get back to SHARED. */
-      sqlite3OsUnlock(pPager->fd, SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED);
+      pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED);
     }
   }
   return rc;
@@ -40304,6 +41108,10 @@ typedef struct WalCkptInfo WalCkptInfo;
 **
 ** The actual header in the wal-index consists of two copies of this
 ** object.
+**
+** The szPage value can be any power of 2 between 512 and 32768, inclusive.
+** Or it can be 1 to represent a 65536-byte page.  The latter case was
+** added in 3.7.1 when support for 64K pages was added.  
 */
 struct WalIndexHdr {
   u32 iVersion;                   /* Wal-index version */
@@ -40311,7 +41119,7 @@ struct WalIndexHdr {
   u32 iChange;                    /* Counter incremented each transaction */
   u8 isInit;                      /* 1 when initialized */
   u8 bigEndCksum;                 /* True if checksums in WAL are big-endian */
-  u16 szPage;                     /* Database page size in bytes */
+  u16 szPage;                     /* Database page size in bytes. 1==64K */
   u32 mxFrame;                    /* Index of last valid frame in the WAL */
   u32 nPage;                      /* Size of database in pages */
   u32 aFrameCksum[2];             /* Checksum of last frame in log */
@@ -40422,7 +41230,7 @@ struct Wal {
   u32 iCallback;             /* Value to pass to log callback (or 0) */
   int nWiData;               /* Size of array apWiData */
   volatile u32 **apWiData;   /* Pointer to wal-index content in memory */
-  u16 szPage;                /* Database page size */
+  u32 szPage;                /* Database page size */
   i16 readLock;              /* Which read lock is being held.  -1 for none */
   u8 exclusiveMode;          /* Non-zero if connection is in exclusive mode */
   u8 writeLock;              /* True if in a write transaction */
@@ -41093,7 +41901,7 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
       goto finished;
     }
     pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum = (u8)(magic&0x00000001);
-    pWal->szPage = (u16)szPage;
+    pWal->szPage = szPage;
     pWal->nCkpt = sqlite3Get4byte(&aBuf[12]);
     memcpy(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aBuf[16], 8);
 
@@ -41143,7 +41951,9 @@ static int walIndexRecover(Wal *pWal){
       if( nTruncate ){
         pWal->hdr.mxFrame = iFrame;
         pWal->hdr.nPage = nTruncate;
-        pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)szPage;
+        pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)((szPage&0xff00) | (szPage>>16));
+        testcase( szPage<=32768 );
+        testcase( szPage>=65536 );
         aFrameCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
         aFrameCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
       }
@@ -41168,6 +41978,17 @@ finished:
     pInfo->nBackfill = 0;
     pInfo->aReadMark[0] = 0;
     for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++) pInfo->aReadMark[i] = READMARK_NOT_USED;
+
+    /* If more than one frame was recovered from the log file, report an
+    ** event via sqlite3_log(). This is to help with identifying performance
+    ** problems caused by applications routinely shutting down without
+    ** checkpointing the log file.
+    */
+    if( pWal->hdr.nPage ){
+      sqlite3_log(SQLITE_OK, "Recovered %d frames from WAL file %s",
+          pWal->hdr.nPage, pWal->zWalName
+      );
+    }
   }
 
 recovery_error:
@@ -41528,14 +42349,18 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
   u8 *zBuf                        /* Temporary buffer to use */
 ){
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
-  int szPage = pWal->hdr.szPage;  /* Database page-size */
+  int szPage;                     /* Database page-size */
   WalIterator *pIter = 0;         /* Wal iterator context */
   u32 iDbpage = 0;                /* Next database page to write */
   u32 iFrame = 0;                 /* Wal frame containing data for iDbpage */
   u32 mxSafeFrame;                /* Max frame that can be backfilled */
+  u32 mxPage;                     /* Max database page to write */
   int i;                          /* Loop counter */
   volatile WalCkptInfo *pInfo;    /* The checkpoint status information */
 
+  szPage = (pWal->hdr.szPage&0xfe00) + ((pWal->hdr.szPage&0x0001)<<16);
+  testcase( szPage<=32768 );
+  testcase( szPage>=65536 );
   if( pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
 
   /* Allocate the iterator */
@@ -41546,7 +42371,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
   assert( pIter );
 
   /*** TODO:  Move this test out to the caller.  Make it an assert() here ***/
-  if( pWal->hdr.szPage!=nBuf ){
+  if( szPage!=nBuf ){
     rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     goto walcheckpoint_out;
   }
@@ -41557,6 +42382,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
   ** cannot be backfilled from the WAL.
   */
   mxSafeFrame = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
+  mxPage = pWal->hdr.nPage;
   pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
   for(i=1; i<WAL_NREADER; i++){
     u32 y = pInfo->aReadMark[i];
@@ -41577,6 +42403,7 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
   if( pInfo->nBackfill<mxSafeFrame
    && (rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0), 1))==SQLITE_OK
   ){
+    i64 nSize;                    /* Current size of database file */
     u32 nBackfill = pInfo->nBackfill;
 
     /* Sync the WAL to disk */
@@ -41584,11 +42411,22 @@ static int walCheckpoint(
       rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags);
     }
 
+    /* If the database file may grow as a result of this checkpoint, hint
+    ** about the eventual size of the db file to the VFS layer. 
+    */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      i64 nReq = ((i64)mxPage * szPage);
+      rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pWal->pDbFd, &nSize);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nSize<nReq ){
+        sqlite3OsFileControl(pWal->pDbFd, SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT, &nReq);
+      }
+    }
+
     /* Iterate through the contents of the WAL, copying data to the db file. */
     while( rc==SQLITE_OK && 0==walIteratorNext(pIter, &iDbpage, &iFrame) ){
       i64 iOffset;
       assert( walFramePgno(pWal, iFrame)==iDbpage );
-      if( iFrame<=nBackfill || iFrame>mxSafeFrame ) continue;
+      if( iFrame<=nBackfill || iFrame>mxSafeFrame || iDbpage>mxPage ) continue;
       iOffset = walFrameOffset(iFrame, szPage) + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
       /* testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) ); // requires a 4GiB WAL file */
       rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, zBuf, szPage, iOffset);
@@ -41695,7 +42533,7 @@ static int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   /* The first page of the wal-index must be mapped at this point. */
   assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
 
-  /* Read the header. This might happen currently with a write to the
+  /* Read the header. This might happen concurrently with a write to the
   ** same area of shared memory on a different CPU in a SMP,
   ** meaning it is possible that an inconsistent snapshot is read
   ** from the file. If this happens, return non-zero.
@@ -41724,7 +42562,9 @@ static int walIndexTryHdr(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
   if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr, &h1, sizeof(WalIndexHdr)) ){
     *pChanged = 1;
     memcpy(&pWal->hdr, &h1, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
-    pWal->szPage = pWal->hdr.szPage;
+    pWal->szPage = (pWal->hdr.szPage&0xfe00) + ((pWal->hdr.szPage&0x0001)<<16);
+    testcase( pWal->szPage<=32768 );
+    testcase( pWal->szPage>=65536 );
   }
 
   /* The header was successfully read. Return zero. */
@@ -42043,6 +42883,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalBeginReadTransaction(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
 ** read-lock.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(Wal *pWal){
+  sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(pWal);
   if( pWal->readLock>=0 ){
     walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock));
     pWal->readLock = -1;
@@ -42153,7 +42994,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalRead(
   ** required page. Read and return data from the log file.
   */
   if( iRead ){
-    i64 iOffset = walFrameOffset(iRead, pWal->hdr.szPage) + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
+    int sz;
+    i64 iOffset;
+    sz = pWal->hdr.szPage;
+    sz = (pWal->hdr.szPage&0xfe00) + ((pWal->hdr.szPage&0x0001)<<16);
+    testcase( sz<=32768 );
+    testcase( sz>=65536 );
+    iOffset = walFrameOffset(iRead, sz) + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
     *pInWal = 1;
     /* testcase( IS_BIG_INT(iOffset) ); // requires a 4GiB WAL */
     return sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, pOut, nOut, iOffset);
@@ -42165,11 +43012,13 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalRead(
 
 
 /* 
-** Set *pPgno to the size of the database file (or zero, if unknown).
+** Return the size of the database in pages (or zero, if unknown).
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal, Pgno *pPgno){
-  assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || pWal->lockError );
-  *pPgno = pWal->hdr.nPage;
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Pgno sqlite3WalDbsize(Wal *pWal){
+  if( pWal && ALWAYS(pWal->readLock>=0) ){
+    return pWal->hdr.nPage;
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 
@@ -42245,7 +43094,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalEndWriteTransaction(Wal *pWal){
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalUndo(Wal *pWal, int (*xUndo)(void *, Pgno), void *pUndoCtx){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( pWal->writeLock ){
+  if( ALWAYS(pWal->writeLock) ){
     Pgno iMax = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;
     Pgno iFrame;
   
@@ -42434,7 +43283,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
     sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[24], aCksum[0]);
     sqlite3Put4byte(&aWalHdr[28], aCksum[1]);
     
-    pWal->szPage = (u16)szPage;
+    pWal->szPage = szPage;
     pWal->hdr.bigEndCksum = SQLITE_BIGENDIAN;
     pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aCksum[0];
     pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aCksum[1];
@@ -42529,7 +43378,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalFrames(
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     /* Update the private copy of the header. */
-    pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)szPage;
+    pWal->hdr.szPage = (u16)((szPage&0xff00) | (szPage>>16));
+    testcase( szPage<=32768 );
+    testcase( szPage>=65536 );
     pWal->hdr.mxFrame = iFrame;
     if( isCommit ){
       pWal->hdr.iChange++;
@@ -42741,7 +43592,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(Wal *pWal, int op){
 **
 ** The file is divided into pages.  The first page is called page 1,
 ** the second is page 2, and so forth.  A page number of zero indicates
-** "no such page".  The page size can be any power of 2 between 512 and 32768.
+** "no such page".  The page size can be any power of 2 between 512 and 65536.
 ** Each page can be either a btree page, a freelist page, an overflow
 ** page, or a pointer-map page.
 **
@@ -43107,14 +43958,14 @@ struct BtShared {
   u8 autoVacuum;        /* True if auto-vacuum is enabled */
   u8 incrVacuum;        /* True if incr-vacuum is enabled */
 #endif
-  u16 pageSize;         /* Total number of bytes on a page */
-  u16 usableSize;       /* Number of usable bytes on each page */
   u16 maxLocal;         /* Maximum local payload in non-LEAFDATA tables */
   u16 minLocal;         /* Minimum local payload in non-LEAFDATA tables */
   u16 maxLeaf;          /* Maximum local payload in a LEAFDATA table */
   u16 minLeaf;          /* Minimum local payload in a LEAFDATA table */
   u8 inTransaction;     /* Transaction state */
   u8 doNotUseWAL;       /* If true, do not open write-ahead-log file */
+  u32 pageSize;         /* Total number of bytes on a page */
+  u32 usableSize;       /* Number of usable bytes on each page */
   int nTransaction;     /* Number of open transactions (read + write) */
   u32 nPage;            /* Number of pages in the database */
   void *pSchema;        /* Pointer to space allocated by sqlite3BtreeSchema() */
@@ -43713,7 +44564,16 @@ int sqlite3BtreeTrace=1;  /* True to enable tracing */
 # define TRACE(X)
 #endif
 
-
+/*
+** Extract a 2-byte big-endian integer from an array of unsigned bytes.
+** But if the value is zero, make it 65536.
+**
+** This routine is used to extract the "offset to cell content area" value
+** from the header of a btree page.  If the page size is 65536 and the page
+** is empty, the offset should be 65536, but the 2-byte value stores zero.
+** This routine makes the necessary adjustment to 65536.
+*/
+#define get2byteNotZero(X)  (((((int)get2byte(X))-1)&0xffff)+1)
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 /*
@@ -44402,11 +45262,16 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(BtCursor *pCur, int *pHasMoved){
 ** Given a page number of a regular database page, return the page
 ** number for the pointer-map page that contains the entry for the
 ** input page number.
+**
+** Return 0 (not a valid page) for pgno==1 since there is
+** no pointer map associated with page 1.  The integrity_check logic
+** requires that ptrmapPageno(*,1)!=1.
 */
 static Pgno ptrmapPageno(BtShared *pBt, Pgno pgno){
   int nPagesPerMapPage;
   Pgno iPtrMap, ret;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
+  if( pgno<2 ) return 0;
   nPagesPerMapPage = (pBt->usableSize/5)+1;
   iPtrMap = (pgno-2)/nPagesPerMapPage;
   ret = (iPtrMap*nPagesPerMapPage) + 2; 
@@ -44835,7 +45700,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
   nFrag = data[hdr+7];
   assert( pPage->cellOffset == hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf );
   gap = pPage->cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
-  top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+  top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
   if( gap>top ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
   testcase( gap+2==top );
   testcase( gap+1==top );
@@ -44845,7 +45710,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
     /* Always defragment highly fragmented pages */
     rc = defragmentPage(pPage);
     if( rc ) return rc;
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+    top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
   }else if( gap+2<=top ){
     /* Search the freelist looking for a free slot big enough to satisfy 
     ** the request. The allocation is made from the first free slot in 
@@ -44887,7 +45752,7 @@ static int allocateSpace(MemPage *pPage, int nByte, int *pIdx){
   if( gap+2+nByte>top ){
     rc = defragmentPage(pPage);
     if( rc ) return rc;
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+    top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
     assert( gap+nByte<=top );
   }
 
@@ -45053,10 +45918,10 @@ static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
     u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
     u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
     BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
-    u16 usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
+    int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
     u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
-    u16 nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
-    u16 top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
+    int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
+    int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
     int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
     int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
 
@@ -45065,12 +45930,12 @@ static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
     hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
     data = pPage->aData;
     if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=32768 );
-    pPage->maskPage = pBt->pageSize - 1;
+    assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
+    pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
     pPage->nOverflow = 0;
     usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
     pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf;
-    top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+    top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
     pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
     if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
       /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
@@ -45169,13 +46034,13 @@ static void zeroPage(MemPage *pPage, int flags){
   memset(&data[hdr+1], 0, 4);
   data[hdr+7] = 0;
   put2byte(&data[hdr+5], pBt->usableSize);
-  pPage->nFree = pBt->usableSize - first;
+  pPage->nFree = (u16)(pBt->usableSize - first);
   decodeFlags(pPage, flags);
   pPage->hdrOffset = hdr;
   pPage->cellOffset = first;
   pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=32768 );
-  pPage->maskPage = pBt->pageSize - 1;
+  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
+  pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
   pPage->nCell = 0;
   pPage->isInit = 1;
 }
@@ -45483,7 +46348,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeOpen(
 #ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
     pBt->secureDelete = 1;
 #endif
-    pBt->pageSize = get2byte(&zDbHeader[16]);
+    pBt->pageSize = (zDbHeader[16]<<8) | (zDbHeader[17]<<16);
     if( pBt->pageSize<512 || pBt->pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
          || ((pBt->pageSize-1)&pBt->pageSize)!=0 ){
       pBt->pageSize = 0;
@@ -45685,7 +46550,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeClose(Btree *p){
     if( pBt->xFreeSchema && pBt->pSchema ){
       pBt->xFreeSchema(pBt->pSchema);
     }
-    sqlite3_free(pBt->pSchema);
+    sqlite3DbFree(0, pBt->pSchema);
     freeTempSpace(pBt);
     sqlite3_free(pBt);
   }
@@ -45797,7 +46662,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int pageSize, int nReserve,
         ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)==0 ){
     assert( (pageSize & 7)==0 );
     assert( !pBt->pPage1 && !pBt->pCursor );
-    pBt->pageSize = (u16)pageSize;
+    pBt->pageSize = (u32)pageSize;
     freeTempSpace(pBt);
   }
   rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize, nReserve);
@@ -45932,15 +46797,13 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
   ** a valid database file. 
   */
   nPage = nPageHeader = get4byte(28+(u8*)pPage1->aData);
-  if( (rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPageFile))!=SQLITE_OK ){;
-    goto page1_init_failed;
-  }
+  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPageFile);
   if( nPage==0 || memcmp(24+(u8*)pPage1->aData, 92+(u8*)pPage1->aData,4)!=0 ){
     nPage = nPageFile;
   }
   if( nPage>0 ){
-    int pageSize;
-    int usableSize;
+    u32 pageSize;
+    u32 usableSize;
     u8 *page1 = pPage1->aData;
     rc = SQLITE_NOTADB;
     if( memcmp(page1, zMagicHeader, 16)!=0 ){
@@ -45991,15 +46854,16 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
     if( memcmp(&page1[21], "\100\040\040",3)!=0 ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
-    pageSize = get2byte(&page1[16]);
-    if( ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)!=0 || pageSize<512 ||
-        (SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE<32768 && pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE)
+    pageSize = (page1[16]<<8) | (page1[17]<<16);
+    if( ((pageSize-1)&pageSize)!=0
+     || pageSize>SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE 
+     || pageSize<=256 
     ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
     assert( (pageSize & 7)==0 );
     usableSize = pageSize - page1[20];
-    if( pageSize!=pBt->pageSize ){
+    if( (u32)pageSize!=pBt->pageSize ){
       /* After reading the first page of the database assuming a page size
       ** of BtShared.pageSize, we have discovered that the page-size is
       ** actually pageSize. Unlock the database, leave pBt->pPage1 at
@@ -46007,8 +46871,8 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
       ** again with the correct page-size.
       */
       releasePage(pPage1);
-      pBt->usableSize = (u16)usableSize;
-      pBt->pageSize = (u16)pageSize;
+      pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
+      pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
       freeTempSpace(pBt);
       rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pBt->pPager, &pBt->pageSize,
                                    pageSize-usableSize);
@@ -46021,8 +46885,8 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
     if( usableSize<480 ){
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
-    pBt->pageSize = (u16)pageSize;
-    pBt->usableSize = (u16)usableSize;
+    pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
+    pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
     pBt->autoVacuum = (get4byte(&page1[36 + 4*4])?1:0);
     pBt->incrVacuum = (get4byte(&page1[36 + 7*4])?1:0);
@@ -46038,14 +46902,14 @@ static int lockBtree(BtShared *pBt){
   **     9-byte nKey value
   **     4-byte nData value
   **     4-byte overflow page pointer
-  ** So a cell consists of a 2-byte poiner, a header which is as much as
+  ** So a cell consists of a 2-byte pointer, a header which is as much as
   ** 17 bytes long, 0 to N bytes of payload, and an optional 4 byte overflow
   ** page pointer.
   */
-  pBt->maxLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*64/255 - 23;
-  pBt->minLocal = (pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23;
-  pBt->maxLeaf = pBt->usableSize - 35;
-  pBt->minLeaf = (pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23;
+  pBt->maxLocal = (u16)((pBt->usableSize-12)*64/255 - 23);
+  pBt->minLocal = (u16)((pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23);
+  pBt->maxLeaf = (u16)(pBt->usableSize - 35);
+  pBt->minLeaf = (u16)((pBt->usableSize-12)*32/255 - 23);
   assert( pBt->maxLeaf + 23 <= MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) );
   pBt->pPage1 = pPage1;
   pBt->nPage = nPage;
@@ -46098,7 +46962,8 @@ static int newDatabase(BtShared *pBt){
   if( rc ) return rc;
   memcpy(data, zMagicHeader, sizeof(zMagicHeader));
   assert( sizeof(zMagicHeader)==16 );
-  put2byte(&data[16], pBt->pageSize);
+  data[16] = (u8)((pBt->pageSize>>8)&0xff);
+  data[17] = (u8)((pBt->pageSize>>16)&0xff);
   data[18] = 1;
   data[19] = 1;
   assert( pBt->usableSize<=pBt->pageSize && pBt->usableSize+255>=pBt->pageSize);
@@ -47009,9 +47874,11 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSavepoint(Btree *p, int op, int iSavepoint){
       if( iSavepoint<0 && pBt->initiallyEmpty ) pBt->nPage = 0;
       rc = newDatabase(pBt);
       pBt->nPage = get4byte(28 + pBt->pPage1->aData);
-      if( pBt->nPage==0 ){
-        sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, (int*)&pBt->nPage);
-      }
+
+      /* The database size was written into the offset 28 of the header
+      ** when the transaction started, so we know that the value at offset
+      ** 28 is nonzero. */
+      assert( pBt->nPage>0 );
     }
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   }
@@ -48107,9 +48974,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
         pCur->validNKey = 1;
         pCur->info.nKey = nCellKey;
       }else{
-        /* The maximum supported page-size is 32768 bytes. This means that
+        /* The maximum supported page-size is 65536 bytes. This means that
         ** the maximum number of record bytes stored on an index B-Tree
-        ** page is at most 8198 bytes, which may be stored as a 2-byte
+        ** page is less than 16384 bytes and may be stored as a 2-byte
         ** varint. This information is used to attempt to avoid parsing 
         ** the entire cell by checking for the cases where the record is 
         ** stored entirely within the b-tree page by inspecting the first 
@@ -48472,6 +49339,10 @@ static int allocateBtreePage(
           if( !pPrevTrunk ){
             memcpy(&pPage1->aData[32], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
           }else{
+            rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPrevTrunk->pDbPage);
+            if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+              goto end_allocate_page;
+            }
             memcpy(&pPrevTrunk->aData[0], &pTrunk->aData[0], 4);
           }
         }else{
@@ -48778,7 +49649,7 @@ static int clearCell(MemPage *pPage, unsigned char *pCell){
   Pgno ovflPgno;
   int rc;
   int nOvfl;
-  u16 ovflPageSize;
+  u32 ovflPageSize;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
   btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCell, &info);
@@ -49003,7 +49874,7 @@ static int fillInCell(
 */
 static void dropCell(MemPage *pPage, int idx, int sz, int *pRC){
   int i;          /* Loop counter */
-  int pc;         /* Offset to cell content of cell being deleted */
+  u32 pc;         /* Offset to cell content of cell being deleted */
   u8 *data;       /* pPage->aData */
   u8 *ptr;        /* Used to move bytes around within data[] */
   int rc;         /* The return code */
@@ -49021,7 +49892,7 @@ static void dropCell(MemPage *pPage, int idx, int sz, int *pRC){
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
   testcase( pc==get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) );
   testcase( pc+sz==pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-  if( pc < get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) || pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
+  if( pc < (u32)get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) || pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
     *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     return;
   }
@@ -49078,7 +49949,7 @@ static void insertCell(
   if( *pRC ) return;
 
   assert( i>=0 && i<=pPage->nCell+pPage->nOverflow );
-  assert( pPage->nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) && MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=5460 );
+  assert( pPage->nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) && MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=10921 );
   assert( pPage->nOverflow<=ArraySize(pPage->aOvfl) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
   /* The cell should normally be sized correctly.  However, when moving a
@@ -49158,12 +50029,12 @@ static void assemblePage(
 
   assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( nCell>=0 && nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) && MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=5460 );
+  assert( nCell>=0 && nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) && MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=10921);
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
 
   /* Check that the page has just been zeroed by zeroPage() */
   assert( pPage->nCell==0 );
-  assert( get2byte(&data[hdr+5])==nUsable );
+  assert( get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5])==nUsable );
 
   pCellptr = &data[pPage->cellOffset + nCell*2];
   cellbody = nUsable;
@@ -49229,6 +50100,7 @@ static int balance_quick(MemPage *pParent, MemPage *pPage, u8 *pSpace){
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->nOverflow==1 );
 
+  /* This error condition is now caught prior to reaching this function */
   if( pPage->nCell<=0 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
 
   /* Allocate a new page. This page will become the right-sibling of 
@@ -49558,7 +50430,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       ** is allocated.  */
       if( pBt->secureDelete ){
         int iOff = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(apDiv[i]) - SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pParent->aData);
-        if( (iOff+szNew[i])>pBt->usableSize ){
+        if( (iOff+szNew[i])>(int)pBt->usableSize ){
           rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
           memset(apOld, 0, (i+1)*sizeof(MemPage*));
           goto balance_cleanup;
@@ -49637,7 +50509,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
       szCell[nCell] = sz;
       pTemp = &aSpace1[iSpace1];
       iSpace1 += sz;
-      assert( sz<=pBt->pageSize/4 );
+      assert( sz<=pBt->maxLocal+23 );
       assert( iSpace1<=pBt->pageSize );
       memcpy(pTemp, apDiv[i], sz);
       apCell[nCell] = pTemp+leafCorrection;
@@ -49883,7 +50755,7 @@ static int balance_nonroot(
         }
       }
       iOvflSpace += sz;
-      assert( sz<=pBt->pageSize/4 );
+      assert( sz<=pBt->maxLocal+23 );
       assert( iOvflSpace<=pBt->pageSize );
       insertCell(pParent, nxDiv, pCell, sz, pTemp, pNew->pgno, &rc);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto balance_cleanup;
@@ -51127,7 +51999,7 @@ static void checkList(
         checkPtrmap(pCheck, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, zContext);
       }
 #endif
-      if( n>pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-2 ){
+      if( n>(int)pCheck->pBt->usableSize/4-2 ){
         checkAppendMsg(pCheck, zContext,
            "freelist leaf count too big on page %d", iPage);
         N--;
@@ -51338,7 +52210,7 @@ static int checkTreePage(
   if( hit==0 ){
     pCheck->mallocFailed = 1;
   }else{
-    u16 contentOffset = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+    int contentOffset = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
     assert( contentOffset<=usableSize );  /* Enforced by btreeInitPage() */
     memset(hit+contentOffset, 0, usableSize-contentOffset);
     memset(hit, 1, contentOffset);
@@ -51346,12 +52218,12 @@ static int checkTreePage(
     cellStart = hdr + 12 - 4*pPage->leaf;
     for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
       int pc = get2byte(&data[cellStart+i*2]);
-      u16 size = 1024;
+      u32 size = 65536;
       int j;
       if( pc<=usableSize-4 ){
         size = cellSizePtr(pPage, &data[pc]);
       }
-      if( (pc+size-1)>=usableSize ){
+      if( (int)(pc+size-1)>=usableSize ){
         checkAppendMsg(pCheck, 0, 
             "Corruption detected in cell %d on page %d",i,iPage);
       }else{
@@ -51444,6 +52316,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
     sCheck.anRef[i] = 1;
   }
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&sCheck.errMsg, zErr, sizeof(zErr), 20000);
+  sCheck.errMsg.useMalloc = 2;
 
   /* Check the integrity of the freelist
   */
@@ -51542,6 +52415,29 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(Btree *p){
   return (p && (p->inTrans==TRANS_WRITE));
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+/*
+** Run a checkpoint on the Btree passed as the first argument.
+**
+** Return SQLITE_LOCKED if this or any other connection has an open 
+** transaction on the shared-cache the argument Btree is connected to.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(Btree *p){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( p ){
+    BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
+    sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
+    if( pBt->inTransaction!=TRANS_NONE ){
+      rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
+    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3PagerCheckpoint(pBt->pPager);
+    }
+    sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Return non-zero if a read (or write) transaction is active.
 */
@@ -51581,7 +52477,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3BtreeSchema(Btree *p, int nBytes, void(*xFree)(void
   BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
   if( !pBt->pSchema && nBytes ){
-    pBt->pSchema = sqlite3MallocZero(nBytes);
+    pBt->pSchema = sqlite3DbMallocZero(0, nBytes);
     pBt->xFreeSchema = xFree;
   }
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
@@ -51951,6 +52847,15 @@ static int backupOnePage(sqlite3_backup *p, Pgno iSrcPg, const u8 *zSrcData){
     rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
   }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
+  /* Backup is not possible if the page size of the destination is changing
+  ** a a codec is in use.
+  */
+  if( nSrcPgsz!=nDestPgsz && sqlite3PagerGetCodec(pDestPager)!=0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* This loop runs once for each destination page spanned by the source 
   ** page. For each iteration, variable iOff is set to the byte offset
   ** of the destination page.
@@ -53389,7 +54294,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(
   }
   op = pExpr->op;
 
-  /* op can only be TK_REGISTER is we have compiled with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2.
+  /* op can only be TK_REGISTER if we have compiled with SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2.
   ** The ifdef here is to enable us to achieve 100% branch test coverage even
   ** when SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2 is omitted.
   */
@@ -54067,15 +54972,17 @@ static void freeEphemeralFunction(sqlite3 *db, FuncDef *pDef){
   }
 }
 
+static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *, Op *, int);
+
 /*
 ** Delete a P4 value if necessary.
 */
 static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
   if( p4 ){
+    assert( db );
     switch( p4type ){
       case P4_REAL:
       case P4_INT64:
-      case P4_MPRINTF:
       case P4_DYNAMIC:
       case P4_KEYINFO:
       case P4_INTARRAY:
@@ -54083,10 +54990,14 @@ static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
         sqlite3DbFree(db, p4);
         break;
       }
+      case P4_MPRINTF: {
+        if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) sqlite3_free(p4);
+        break;
+      }
       case P4_VDBEFUNC: {
         VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc *)p4;
         freeEphemeralFunction(db, pVdbeFunc->pFunc);
-        sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(pVdbeFunc, 0);
+        if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(pVdbeFunc, 0);
         sqlite3DbFree(db, pVdbeFunc);
         break;
       }
@@ -54095,15 +55006,17 @@ static void freeP4(sqlite3 *db, int p4type, void *p4){
         break;
       }
       case P4_MEM: {
-        sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
+        if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
+          sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
+        }else{
+          Mem *p = (Mem*)p4;
+          sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
+          sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
+        }
         break;
       }
       case P4_VTAB : {
-        sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
-        break;
-      }
-      case P4_SUBPROGRAM : {
-        sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(db, (SubProgram *)p4, 1);
+        if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -54129,35 +55042,15 @@ static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *db, Op *aOp, int nOp){
 }
 
 /*
-** Decrement the ref-count on the SubProgram structure passed as the
-** second argument. If the ref-count reaches zero, free the structure.
-**
-** The array of VDBE opcodes stored as SubProgram.aOp is freed if
-** either the ref-count reaches zero or parameter freeop is non-zero.
-**
-** Since the array of opcodes pointed to by SubProgram.aOp may directly
-** or indirectly contain a reference to the SubProgram structure itself.
-** By passing a non-zero freeop parameter, the caller may ensure that all
-** SubProgram structures and their aOp arrays are freed, even when there
-** are such circular references.
+** Link the SubProgram object passed as the second argument into the linked
+** list at Vdbe.pSubProgram. This list is used to delete all sub-program
+** objects when the VM is no longer required.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(sqlite3 *db, SubProgram *p, int freeop){
-  if( p ){
-    assert( p->nRef>0 );
-    if( freeop || p->nRef==1 ){
-      Op *aOp = p->aOp;
-      p->aOp = 0;
-      vdbeFreeOpArray(db, aOp, p->nOp);
-      p->nOp = 0;
-    }
-    p->nRef--;
-    if( p->nRef==0 ){
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
-    }
-  }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *pVdbe, SubProgram *p){
+  p->pNext = pVdbe->pProgram;
+  pVdbe->pProgram = p;
 }
 
-
 /*
 ** Change N opcodes starting at addr to No-ops.
 */
@@ -54233,7 +55126,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe *p, int addr, const char *zP4, int
 
     nField = ((KeyInfo*)zP4)->nField;
     nByte = sizeof(*pKeyInfo) + (nField-1)*sizeof(pKeyInfo->aColl[0]) + nField;
-    pKeyInfo = sqlite3Malloc( nByte );
+    pKeyInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, nByte);
     pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
     if( pKeyInfo ){
       u8 *aSortOrder;
@@ -54497,6 +55390,12 @@ static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
     Mem *pEnd;
     sqlite3 *db = p->db;
     u8 malloc_failed = db->mallocFailed;
+    if( db->pnBytesFreed ){
+      for(pEnd=&p[N]; p<pEnd; p++){
+        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
     for(pEnd=&p[N]; p<pEnd; p++){
       assert( (&p[1])==pEnd || p[0].db==p[1].db );
 
@@ -55146,9 +56045,6 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   ** to the transaction.
   */
   rc = sqlite3VtabSync(db, &p->zErrMsg);
-  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  }
 
   /* This loop determines (a) if the commit hook should be invoked and
   ** (b) how many database files have open write transactions, not 
@@ -55156,13 +56052,17 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   ** one database file has an open write transaction, a master journal
   ** file is required for an atomic commit.
   */ 
-  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){ 
+  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){ 
     Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
     if( sqlite3BtreeIsInTrans(pBt) ){
       needXcommit = 1;
       if( i!=1 ) nTrans++;
+      rc = sqlite3PagerExclusiveLock(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
     }
   }
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    return rc;
+  }
 
   /* If there are any write-transactions at all, invoke the commit hook */
   if( needXcommit && db->xCommitCallback ){
@@ -55301,6 +56201,7 @@ static int vdbeCommit(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
       }
     }
     sqlite3OsCloseFree(pMaster);
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY );
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3DbFree(db, zMaster);
       return rc;
@@ -55559,8 +56460,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe *p){
     isSpecialError = mrc==SQLITE_NOMEM || mrc==SQLITE_IOERR
                      || mrc==SQLITE_INTERRUPT || mrc==SQLITE_FULL;
     if( isSpecialError ){
-      /* If the query was read-only, we need do no rollback at all. Otherwise,
-      ** proceed with the special handling.
+      /* If the query was read-only and the error code is SQLITE_INTERRUPT, 
+      ** no rollback is necessary. Otherwise, at least a savepoint 
+      ** transaction must be rolled back to restore the database to a 
+      ** consistent state.
+      **
+      ** Even if the statement is read-only, it is important to perform
+      ** a statement or transaction rollback operation. If the error 
+      ** occured while writing to the journal, sub-journal or database
+      ** file as part of an effort to free up cache space (see function
+      ** pagerStress() in pager.c), the rollback is required to restore 
+      ** the pager to a consistent state.
       */
       if( !p->readOnly || mrc!=SQLITE_INTERRUPT ){
         if( (mrc==SQLITE_NOMEM || mrc==SQLITE_FULL) && p->usesStmtJournal ){
@@ -55830,6 +56740,30 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc, int mask){
 }
 
 /*
+** Free all memory associated with the Vdbe passed as the second argument.
+** The difference between this function and sqlite3VdbeDelete() is that
+** VdbeDelete() also unlinks the Vdbe from the list of VMs associated with
+** the database connection.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDeleteObject(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
+  SubProgram *pSub, *pNext;
+  assert( p->db==0 || p->db==db );
+  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);
+  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
+  for(pSub=p->pProgram; pSub; pSub=pNext){
+    pNext = pSub->pNext;
+    vdbeFreeOpArray(db, pSub->aOp, pSub->nOp);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pSub);
+  }
+  vdbeFreeOpArray(db, p->aOp, p->nOp);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aLabel);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pFree);
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Delete an entire VDBE.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
@@ -55846,16 +56780,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
   if( p->pNext ){
     p->pNext->pPrev = p->pPrev;
   }
-  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);
-  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
-  vdbeFreeOpArray(db, p->aOp, p->nOp);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aLabel);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
   p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pFree);
   p->db = 0;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
+  sqlite3VdbeDeleteObject(db, p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -55881,11 +56808,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor *p){
     rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(p->pCursor, 0, p->movetoTarget, 0, &res);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     p->lastRowid = p->movetoTarget;
-    p->rowidIsValid = ALWAYS(res==0) ?1:0;
-    if( NEVER(res<0) ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(p->pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc ) return rc;
-    }
+    if( res!=0 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    p->rowidIsValid = 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_search_count++;
 #endif
@@ -57029,7 +57953,7 @@ static int sqlite3Step(Vdbe *p){
   if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW && db->xProfile && !db->init.busy && p->zSql ){
     sqlite3_int64 iNow;
     sqlite3OsCurrentTimeInt64(db->pVfs, &iNow);
-    db->xProfile(db->pProfileArg, p->zSql, iNow - p->startTime);
+    db->xProfile(db->pProfileArg, p->zSql, (iNow - p->startTime)*1000000);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -58646,6 +59570,20 @@ static int checkSavepointCount(sqlite3 *db){
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Transfer error message text from an sqlite3_vtab.zErrMsg (text stored
+** in memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc) into a Vdbe.zErrMsg (text stored
+** in memory obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc).
+*/
+static void importVtabErrMsg(Vdbe *p, sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
+  p->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pVtab->zErrMsg);
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
+  pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Execute as much of a VDBE program as we can then return.
 **
 ** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() must be called before this routine in order to
@@ -62643,9 +63581,7 @@ case OP_Rowid: {                 /* out2-prerelease */
     u.bi.pModule = u.bi.pVtab->pModule;
     assert( u.bi.pModule->xRowid );
     rc = u.bi.pModule->xRowid(u.bi.pC->pVtabCursor, &u.bi.v);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.bi.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.bi.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+    importVtabErrMsg(p, u.bi.pVtab);
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
   }else{
     assert( u.bi.pC->pCursor!=0 );
@@ -62964,7 +63900,7 @@ case OP_IdxRowid: {              /* out2-prerelease */
 ** that if the key from register P3 is a prefix of the key in the cursor,
 ** the result is false whereas it would be true with IdxGT.
 */
-/* Opcode: IdxLT P1 P2 P3 * P5
+/* Opcode: IdxLT P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 **
 ** The P4 register values beginning with P3 form an unpacked index 
 ** key that omits the ROWID.  Compare this key value against the index 
@@ -64034,11 +64970,7 @@ case OP_VBegin: {
 #endif /* local variables moved into u.cf */
   u.cf.pVTab = pOp->p4.pVtab;
   rc = sqlite3VtabBegin(db, u.cf.pVTab);
-  if( u.cf.pVTab ){
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.cf.pVTab->pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.cf.pVTab->pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
-  }
+  if( u.cf.pVTab ) importVtabErrMsg(p, u.cf.pVTab->pVtab);
   break;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
@@ -64090,9 +65022,7 @@ case OP_VOpen: {
   u.cg.pModule = (sqlite3_module *)u.cg.pVtab->pModule;
   assert(u.cg.pVtab && u.cg.pModule);
   rc = u.cg.pModule->xOpen(u.cg.pVtab, &u.cg.pVtabCursor);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.cg.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.cg.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+  importVtabErrMsg(p, u.cg.pVtab);
   if( SQLITE_OK==rc ){
     /* Initialize sqlite3_vtab_cursor base class */
     u.cg.pVtabCursor->pVtab = u.cg.pVtab;
@@ -64171,9 +65101,7 @@ case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump */
     p->inVtabMethod = 1;
     rc = u.ch.pModule->xFilter(u.ch.pVtabCursor, u.ch.iQuery, pOp->p4.z, u.ch.nArg, u.ch.apArg);
     p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.ch.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.ch.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+    importVtabErrMsg(p, u.ch.pVtab);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       u.ch.res = u.ch.pModule->xEof(u.ch.pVtabCursor);
     }
@@ -64225,9 +65153,7 @@ case OP_VColumn: {
   MemSetTypeFlag(&u.ci.sContext.s, MEM_Null);
 
   rc = u.ci.pModule->xColumn(pCur->pVtabCursor, &u.ci.sContext, pOp->p2);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.ci.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.ci.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+  importVtabErrMsg(p, u.ci.pVtab);
   if( u.ci.sContext.isError ){
     rc = u.ci.sContext.isError;
   }
@@ -64282,9 +65208,7 @@ case OP_VNext: {   /* jump */
   p->inVtabMethod = 1;
   rc = u.cj.pModule->xNext(u.cj.pCur->pVtabCursor);
   p->inVtabMethod = 0;
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.cj.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.cj.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+  importVtabErrMsg(p, u.cj.pVtab);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     u.cj.res = u.cj.pModule->xEof(u.cj.pCur->pVtabCursor);
   }
@@ -64316,9 +65240,7 @@ case OP_VRename: {
   REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, u.ck.pName);
   assert( u.ck.pName->flags & MEM_Str );
   rc = u.ck.pVtab->pModule->xRename(u.ck.pVtab, u.ck.pName->z);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = u.ck.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-  u.ck.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+  importVtabErrMsg(p, u.ck.pVtab);
 
   break;
 }
@@ -64372,9 +65294,7 @@ case OP_VUpdate: {
       u.cl.pX++;
     }
     rc = u.cl.pModule->xUpdate(u.cl.pVtab, u.cl.nArg, u.cl.apArg, &u.cl.rowid);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = u.cl.pVtab->zErrMsg;
-    u.cl.pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+    importVtabErrMsg(p, u.cl.pVtab);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pOp->p1 ){
       assert( u.cl.nArg>1 && u.cl.apArg[0] && (u.cl.apArg[0]->flags&MEM_Null) );
       db->lastRowid = u.cl.rowid;
@@ -66829,24 +67749,31 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
 }
 
 /*
+** Set the explicit collating sequence for an expression to the
+** collating sequence supplied in the second argument.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Expr *pExpr, CollSeq *pColl){
+  if( pExpr && pColl ){
+    pExpr->pColl = pColl;
+    pExpr->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
+  }
+  return pExpr;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating
 ** sequence named by pToken.   Return a pointer to the revised expression.
 ** The collating sequence is marked as "explicit" using the EP_ExpCollate
 ** flag.  An explicit collating sequence will override implicit
 ** collating sequences.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pCollName){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pCollName){
   char *zColl = 0;            /* Dequoted name of collation sequence */
   CollSeq *pColl;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pCollName);
-  if( pExpr && zColl ){
-    pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl);
-    if( pColl ){
-      pExpr->pColl = pColl;
-      pExpr->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-    }
-  }
+  pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl);
+  sqlite3ExprSetColl(pExpr, pColl);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
   return pExpr;
 }
@@ -67320,18 +68247,19 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   }else if( z[0]=='?' ){
     /* Wildcard of the form "?nnn".  Convert "nnn" to an integer and
     ** use it as the variable number */
-    int i = atoi((char*)&z[1]);
+    i64 i;
+    int bOk = sqlite3Atoi64(&z[1], &i);
     pExpr->iColumn = (ynVar)i;
     testcase( i==0 );
     testcase( i==1 );
     testcase( i==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]-1 );
     testcase( i==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] );
-    if( i<1 || i>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] ){
+    if( bOk==0 || i<1 || i>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "variable number must be between ?1 and ?%d",
           db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]);
     }
     if( i>pParse->nVar ){
-      pParse->nVar = i;
+      pParse->nVar = (int)i;
     }
   }else{
     /* Wildcards like ":aaa", "$aaa" or "@aaa".  Reuse the same variable
@@ -71324,7 +72252,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
   if( !pNew ) goto exit_begin_add_column;
   pParse->pNewTable = pNew;
   pNew->nRef = 1;
-  pNew->dbMem = pTab->dbMem;
   pNew->nCol = pTab->nCol;
   assert( pNew->nCol>0 );
   nAlloc = (((pNew->nCol-1)/8)*8)+8;
@@ -71853,21 +72780,20 @@ static int analysisLoader(void *pData, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
 ** If the Index.aSample variable is not NULL, delete the aSample[] array
 ** and its contents.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(Index *pIdx){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
   if( pIdx->aSample ){
     int j;
-    sqlite3 *dbMem = pIdx->pTable->dbMem;
     for(j=0; j<SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES; j++){
       IndexSample *p = &pIdx->aSample[j];
       if( p->eType==SQLITE_TEXT || p->eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(pIdx->pTable->dbMem, p->u.z);
+        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.z);
       }
     }
-    sqlite3DbFree(dbMem, pIdx->aSample);
-    pIdx->aSample = 0;
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pIdx->aSample);
   }
 #else
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pIdx);
 #endif
 }
@@ -71906,7 +72832,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
   for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash);i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
     Index *pIdx = sqliteHashData(i);
     sqlite3DefaultRowEst(pIdx);
-    sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(pIdx);
+    sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(db, pIdx);
+    pIdx->aSample = 0;
   }
 
   /* Check to make sure the sqlite_stat1 table exists */
@@ -71950,18 +72877,17 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
         Index *pIdx = sqlite3FindIndex(db, zIndex, sInfo.zDatabase);
         if( pIdx ){
           int iSample = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 1);
-          sqlite3 *dbMem = pIdx->pTable->dbMem;
-          assert( dbMem==db || dbMem==0 );
           if( iSample<SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES && iSample>=0 ){
             int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 2);
 
             if( pIdx->aSample==0 ){
               static const int sz = sizeof(IndexSample)*SQLITE_INDEX_SAMPLES;
-              pIdx->aSample = (IndexSample *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(dbMem, sz);
+              pIdx->aSample = (IndexSample *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, sz);
               if( pIdx->aSample==0 ){
                 db->mallocFailed = 1;
                 break;
               }
+	      memset(pIdx->aSample, 0, sz);
             }
 
             assert( pIdx->aSample );
@@ -71984,10 +72910,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AnalysisLoad(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
                 if( n < 1){
                   pSample->u.z = 0;
                 }else{
-                  pSample->u.z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(dbMem, n);
-                  if( pSample->u.z ){
-                    memcpy(pSample->u.z, z, n);
-                  }else{
+                  pSample->u.z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(0, z, n);
+                  if( pSample->u.z==0 ){
                     db->mallocFailed = 1;
                     break;
                   }
@@ -73150,34 +74074,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const cha
 /*
 ** Reclaim the memory used by an index
 */
-static void freeIndex(Index *p){
-  sqlite3 *db = p->pTable->dbMem;
+static void freeIndex(sqlite3 *db, Index *p){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-  sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(p);
+  sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(db, p);
 #endif
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zColAff);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
 }
 
 /*
-** Remove the given index from the index hash table, and free
-** its memory structures.
-**
-** The index is removed from the database hash tables but
-** it is not unlinked from the Table that it indexes.
-** Unlinking from the Table must be done by the calling function.
-*/
-static void sqlite3DeleteIndex(Index *p){
-  Index *pOld;
-  const char *zName = p->zName;
-
-  pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&p->pSchema->idxHash, zName,
-                           sqlite3Strlen30(zName), 0);
-  assert( pOld==0 || pOld==p );
-  freeIndex(p);
-}
-
-/*
 ** For the index called zIdxName which is found in the database iDb,
 ** unlike that index from its Table then remove the index from
 ** the index hash table and free all memory structures associated
@@ -73203,7 +74108,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char
         p->pNext = pIndex->pNext;
       }
     }
-    freeIndex(pIndex);
+    freeIndex(db, pIndex);
   }
   db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
 }
@@ -73274,13 +74179,12 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3 *db){
 }
 
 /*
-** Clear the column names from a table or view.
+** Delete memory allocated for the column names of a table or view (the
+** Table.aCol[] array).
 */
-static void sqliteResetColumnNames(Table *pTable){
+static void sqliteDeleteColumnNames(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   int i;
   Column *pCol;
-  sqlite3 *db = pTable->dbMem;
-  testcase( db==0 );
   assert( pTable!=0 );
   if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
     for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
@@ -73292,8 +74196,6 @@ static void sqliteResetColumnNames(Table *pTable){
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->aCol);
   }
-  pTable->aCol = 0;
-  pTable->nCol = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -73305,42 +74207,44 @@ static void sqliteResetColumnNames(Table *pTable){
 ** memory structures of the indices and foreign keys associated with 
 ** the table.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(Table *pTable){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   Index *pIndex, *pNext;
-  sqlite3 *db;
 
-  if( pTable==0 ) return;
-  db = pTable->dbMem;
-  testcase( db==0 );
+  assert( !pTable || pTable->nRef>0 );
 
   /* Do not delete the table until the reference count reaches zero. */
-  pTable->nRef--;
-  if( pTable->nRef>0 ){
-    return;
-  }
-  assert( pTable->nRef==0 );
+  if( !pTable ) return;
+  if( ((!db || db->pnBytesFreed==0) && (--pTable->nRef)>0) ) return;
 
-  /* Delete all indices associated with this table
-  */
+  /* Delete all indices associated with this table. */
   for(pIndex = pTable->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pNext){
     pNext = pIndex->pNext;
     assert( pIndex->pSchema==pTable->pSchema );
-    sqlite3DeleteIndex(pIndex);
+    if( !db || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
+      char *zName = pIndex->zName; 
+      TESTONLY ( Index *pOld = ) sqlite3HashInsert(
+	  &pIndex->pSchema->idxHash, zName, sqlite3Strlen30(zName), 0
+      );
+      assert( pOld==pIndex || pOld==0 );
+    }
+    freeIndex(db, pIndex);
   }
 
   /* Delete any foreign keys attached to this table. */
-  sqlite3FkDelete(pTable);
+  sqlite3FkDelete(db, pTable);
 
   /* Delete the Table structure itself.
   */
-  sqliteResetColumnNames(pTable);
+  sqliteDeleteColumnNames(db, pTable);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zName);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zColAff);
   sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTable->pSelect);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTable->pCheck);
 #endif
-  sqlite3VtabClear(pTable);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  sqlite3VtabClear(db, pTable);
+#endif
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);
 }
 
@@ -73359,7 +74263,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char
   pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
   p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash, zTabName,
                         sqlite3Strlen30(zTabName),0);
-  sqlite3DeleteTable(p);
+  sqlite3DeleteTable(db, p);
   db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
 }
 
@@ -73627,7 +74531,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StartTable(
   pTable->iPKey = -1;
   pTable->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
   pTable->nRef = 1;
-  pTable->dbMem = 0;
   assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
   pParse->pNewTable = pTable;
 
@@ -74179,7 +75082,7 @@ static char *createTableStmt(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
     zEnd = "\n)";
   }
   n += 35 + 6*p->nCol;
-  zStmt = sqlite3Malloc( n );
+  zStmt = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, n);
   if( zStmt==0 ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
     return 0;
@@ -74360,7 +75263,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(
         p->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
         pSelTab->nCol = 0;
         pSelTab->aCol = 0;
-        sqlite3DeleteTable(pSelTab);
+        sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
       }
     }
 
@@ -74604,7 +75507,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
       pTable->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
       pSelTab->nCol = 0;
       pSelTab->aCol = 0;
-      sqlite3DeleteTable(pSelTab);
+      sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
       pTable->pSchema->flags |= DB_UnresetViews;
     }else{
       pTable->nCol = 0;
@@ -74629,7 +75532,9 @@ static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
   for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[idx].pSchema->tblHash); i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
     Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(i);
     if( pTab->pSelect ){
-      sqliteResetColumnNames(pTab);
+      sqliteDeleteColumnNames(db, pTab);
+      pTab->aCol = 0;
+      pTab->nCol = 0;
     }
   }
   DbClearProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews);
@@ -75626,7 +76531,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
   /* Clean up before exiting */
 exit_create_index:
   if( pIndex ){
-    sqlite3_free(pIndex->zColAff);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pIndex->zColAff);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pIndex);
   }
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
@@ -76005,7 +76910,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *pList){
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zIndex);
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pItem->pTab);
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pItem->pTab);
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
     sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
@@ -76936,8 +77841,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SchemaFree(void *p){
   sqlite3HashInit(&pSchema->tblHash);
   for(pElem=sqliteHashFirst(&temp1); pElem; pElem=sqliteHashNext(pElem)){
     Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(pElem);
-    assert( pTab->dbMem==0 );
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pTab);
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(0, pTab);
   }
   sqlite3HashClear(&temp1);
   sqlite3HashClear(&pSchema->fkeyHash);
@@ -76954,7 +77858,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *db, Btree *pBt){
   if( pBt ){
     p = (Schema *)sqlite3BtreeSchema(pBt, sizeof(Schema), sqlite3SchemaFree);
   }else{
-    p = (Schema *)sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(Schema));
+    p = (Schema *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(0, sizeof(Schema));
   }
   if( !p ){
     db->mallocFailed = 1;
@@ -76995,7 +77899,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc){
   Table *pTab;
   assert( pItem && pSrc->nSrc==1 );
   pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, pItem->zName, pItem->zDatabase);
-  sqlite3DeleteTable(pItem->pTab);
+  sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->db, pItem->pTab);
   pItem->pTab = pTab;
   if( pTab ){
     pTab->nRef++;
@@ -78392,8 +79296,10 @@ static void compileoptionusedFunc(
   const char *zOptName;
   assert( argc==1 );
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  /* IMP: R-xxxx This function is an SQL wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_compileoption_used() C interface. */
+  /* IMP: R-39564-36305 The sqlite_compileoption_used() SQL
+  ** function is a wrapper around the sqlite3_compileoption_used() C/C++
+  ** function.
+  */
   if( (zOptName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]))!=0 ){
     sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_compileoption_used(zOptName));
   }
@@ -78414,8 +79320,9 @@ static void compileoptiongetFunc(
   int n;
   assert( argc==1 );
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  /* IMP: R-xxxx This function is an SQL wrapper around the
-  ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() C interface. */
+  /* IMP: R-04922-24076 The sqlite_compileoption_get() SQL function
+  ** is a wrapper around the sqlite3_compileoption_get() C/C++ function.
+  */
   n = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
   sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3_compileoption_get(n), -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
 }
@@ -78614,14 +79521,14 @@ static void replaceFunc(
       testcase( nOut-2==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
       if( nOut-1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
         sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zOut);
+        sqlite3_free(zOut);
         return;
       }
       zOld = zOut;
       zOut = sqlite3_realloc(zOut, (int)nOut);
       if( zOut==0 ){
         sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, zOld);
+        sqlite3_free(zOld);
         return;
       }
       memcpy(&zOut[j], zRep, nRep);
@@ -78982,7 +79889,7 @@ static void groupConcatStep(
   if( pAccum ){
     sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
     int firstTerm = pAccum->useMalloc==0;
-    pAccum->useMalloc = 1;
+    pAccum->useMalloc = 2;
     pAccum->mxAlloc = db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
     if( !firstTerm ){
       if( argc==2 ){
@@ -79699,7 +80606,8 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
       if( pIdx ){
         Column *pCol;
         iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-        pCol = &pIdx->pTable->aCol[iCol];
+        pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
+        if( pTab->iPKey==iCol ) iCol = -1;
         pLeft->iTable = regData+iCol+1;
         pLeft->affinity = pCol->affinity;
         pLeft->pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pCol->zColl);
@@ -80260,11 +81168,7 @@ static Trigger *fkActionTrigger(
       pWhere = 0;
     }
 
-    /* In the current implementation, pTab->dbMem==0 for all tables except
-    ** for temporary tables used to describe subqueries.  And temporary
-    ** tables do not have foreign key constraints.  Hence, pTab->dbMem
-    ** should always be 0 there.
-    */
+    /* Disable lookaside memory allocation */
     enableLookaside = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
     db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
 
@@ -80354,37 +81258,39 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkActions(
 ** table pTab. Remove the deleted foreign keys from the Schema.fkeyHash
 ** hash table.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDelete(Table *pTab){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FkDelete(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTab){
   FKey *pFKey;                    /* Iterator variable */
   FKey *pNext;                    /* Copy of pFKey->pNextFrom */
 
   for(pFKey=pTab->pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pNext){
 
     /* Remove the FK from the fkeyHash hash table. */
-    if( pFKey->pPrevTo ){
-      pFKey->pPrevTo->pNextTo = pFKey->pNextTo;
-    }else{
-      void *data = (void *)pFKey->pNextTo;
-      const char *z = (data ? pFKey->pNextTo->zTo : pFKey->zTo);
-      sqlite3HashInsert(&pTab->pSchema->fkeyHash, z, sqlite3Strlen30(z), data);
-    }
-    if( pFKey->pNextTo ){
-      pFKey->pNextTo->pPrevTo = pFKey->pPrevTo;
+    if( !db || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
+      if( pFKey->pPrevTo ){
+        pFKey->pPrevTo->pNextTo = pFKey->pNextTo;
+      }else{
+        void *p = (void *)pFKey->pNextTo;
+        const char *z = (p ? pFKey->pNextTo->zTo : pFKey->zTo);
+        sqlite3HashInsert(&pTab->pSchema->fkeyHash, z, sqlite3Strlen30(z), p);
+      }
+      if( pFKey->pNextTo ){
+        pFKey->pNextTo->pPrevTo = pFKey->pPrevTo;
+      }
     }
 
-    /* Delete any triggers created to implement actions for this FK. */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-    fkTriggerDelete(pTab->dbMem, pFKey->apTrigger[0]);
-    fkTriggerDelete(pTab->dbMem, pFKey->apTrigger[1]);
-#endif
-
     /* EV: R-30323-21917 Each foreign key constraint in SQLite is
     ** classified as either immediate or deferred.
     */
     assert( pFKey->isDeferred==0 || pFKey->isDeferred==1 );
 
+    /* Delete any triggers created to implement actions for this FK. */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+    fkTriggerDelete(db, pFKey->apTrigger[0]);
+    fkTriggerDelete(db, pFKey->apTrigger[1]);
+#endif
+
     pNext = pFKey->pNextFrom;
-    sqlite3DbFree(pTab->dbMem, pFKey);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pFKey);
   }
 }
 #endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY */
@@ -80459,7 +81365,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *v, Index *pIdx){
     int n;
     Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
     sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
-    pIdx->zColAff = (char *)sqlite3Malloc(pIdx->nColumn+2);
+    pIdx->zColAff = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, pIdx->nColumn+2);
     if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
       db->mallocFailed = 1;
       return 0;
@@ -80501,7 +81407,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinityStr(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab){
     int i;
     sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
 
-    zColAff = (char *)sqlite3Malloc(pTab->nCol+1);
+    zColAff = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, pTab->nCol+1);
     if( !zColAff ){
       db->mallocFailed = 1;
       return;
@@ -81612,6 +82518,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     if( onError==OE_Ignore ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
     }else{
+      if( onError==OE_Replace ) onError = OE_Abort; /* IMP: R-15569-63625 */
       sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, onError, 0, 0);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
@@ -83126,13 +84033,11 @@ static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
   handle = sqlite3OsDlOpen(pVfs, zFile);
   if( handle==0 ){
     if( pzErrMsg ){
-      zErrmsg = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, nMsg);
+      *pzErrMsg = zErrmsg = sqlite3_malloc(nMsg);
       if( zErrmsg ){
         sqlite3_snprintf(nMsg, zErrmsg, 
             "unable to open shared library [%s]", zFile);
         sqlite3OsDlError(pVfs, nMsg-1, zErrmsg);
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, zErrmsg);
-        sqlite3StackFree(db, zErrmsg);
       }
     }
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -83141,13 +84046,11 @@ static int sqlite3LoadExtension(
                    sqlite3OsDlSym(pVfs, handle, zProc);
   if( xInit==0 ){
     if( pzErrMsg ){
-      zErrmsg = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, nMsg);
+      *pzErrMsg = zErrmsg = sqlite3_malloc(nMsg);
       if( zErrmsg ){
         sqlite3_snprintf(nMsg, zErrmsg,
             "no entry point [%s] in shared library [%s]", zProc,zFile);
         sqlite3OsDlError(pVfs, nMsg-1, zErrmsg);
-        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, zErrmsg);
-        sqlite3StackFree(db, zErrmsg);
       }
       sqlite3OsDlClose(pVfs, handle);
     }
@@ -84126,7 +85029,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Pragma(
       }
       sqlite3_free(sqlite3_temp_directory);
       if( zRight[0] ){
-        sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, zRight);
+        sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zRight);
       }else{
         sqlite3_temp_directory = 0;
       }
@@ -85601,7 +86504,6 @@ static int sqlite3Prepare(
   while( pParse->pTriggerPrg ){
     TriggerPrg *pT = pParse->pTriggerPrg;
     pParse->pTriggerPrg = pT->pNext;
-    sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(db, pT->pProgram, 0);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pT);
   }
 
@@ -87092,16 +87994,15 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
     return 0;
   }
   /* The sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() is only used n contexts where lookaside
-  ** is disabled, so we might as well hard-code pTab->dbMem to NULL. */
+  ** is disabled */
   assert( db->lookaside.bEnabled==0 );
-  pTab->dbMem = 0;
   pTab->nRef = 1;
   pTab->zName = 0;
   selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
   selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab->nCol, pTab->aCol, pSelect);
   pTab->iPKey = -1;
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pTab);
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
     return 0;
   }
   return pTab;
@@ -87593,7 +88494,7 @@ multi_select_end:
 ** regReturn is the number of the register holding the subroutine
 ** return address.
 **
-** If regPrev>0 then it is a the first register in a vector that
+** If regPrev>0 then it is the first register in a vector that
 ** records the previous output.  mem[regPrev] is a flag that is false
 ** if there has been no previous output.  If regPrev>0 then code is
 ** generated to suppress duplicates.  pKeyInfo is used for comparing
@@ -88290,12 +89191,13 @@ static void substSelect(
 **   (2)  The subquery is not an aggregate or the outer query is not a join.
 **
 **   (3)  The subquery is not the right operand of a left outer join
-**        (Originally ticket #306.  Strenghtened by ticket #3300)
+**        (Originally ticket #306.  Strengthened by ticket #3300)
 **
-**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT or the outer query is not a join.
+**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT.
 **
-**   (5)  The subquery is not DISTINCT or the outer query does not use
-**        aggregates.
+**  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
+**        sub-queries that were excluded from this optimization. Restriction 
+**        (4) has since been expanded to exclude all DISTINCT subqueries.
 **
 **   (6)  The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query is not
 **        DISTINCT.
@@ -88315,9 +89217,9 @@ static void substSelect(
 **  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
 **        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
 **
-**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT
+**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT.
 **
-**  (14)  The subquery does not use OFFSET
+**  (14)  The subquery does not use OFFSET.
 **
 **  (15)  The outer query is not part of a compound select or the
 **        subquery does not have a LIMIT clause.
@@ -88408,9 +89310,9 @@ static int flattenSubquery(
     return 0;                                            /* Restriction (15) */
   }
   if( pSubSrc->nSrc==0 ) return 0;                       /* Restriction (7)  */
-  if( ((pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 || pSub->pLimit) 
-         && (pSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg) ){          /* Restrictions (4)(5)(8)(9) */
-     return 0;       
+  if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct ) return 0;           /* Restriction (5)  */
+  if( pSub->pLimit && (pSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg) ){
+     return 0;         /* Restrictions (8)(9) */
   }
   if( (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 && subqueryIsAgg ){
      return 0;         /* Restriction (6)  */
@@ -88890,7 +89792,6 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
       sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel);
       pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
       if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
-      pTab->dbMem = db->lookaside.bEnabled ? db : 0;
       pTab->nRef = 1;
       pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_subquery_%p_", (void*)pTab);
       while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
@@ -91104,6 +92005,7 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
   int iEndTrigger = 0;        /* Label to jump to if WHEN is false */
 
   assert( pTrigger->zName==0 || pTab==tableOfTrigger(pTrigger) );
+  assert( pTop->pVdbe );
 
   /* Allocate the TriggerPrg and SubProgram objects. To ensure that they
   ** are freed if an error occurs, link them into the Parse.pTriggerPrg 
@@ -91114,7 +92016,7 @@ static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
   pTop->pTriggerPrg = pPrg;
   pPrg->pProgram = pProgram = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(SubProgram));
   if( !pProgram ) return 0;
-  pProgram->nRef = 1;
+  sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(pTop->pVdbe, pProgram);
   pPrg->pTrigger = pTrigger;
   pPrg->orconf = orconf;
   pPrg->aColmask[0] = 0xffffffff;
@@ -91248,8 +92150,9 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(
   /* Code the OP_Program opcode in the parent VDBE. P4 of the OP_Program 
   ** is a pointer to the sub-vdbe containing the trigger program.  */
   if( pPrg ){
+    int bRecursive = (p->zName && 0==(pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers));
+
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Program, reg, ignoreJump, ++pParse->nMem);
-    pPrg->pProgram->nRef++;
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (const char *)pPrg->pProgram, P4_SUBPROGRAM);
     VdbeComment(
         (v, "Call: %s.%s", (p->zName?p->zName:"fkey"), onErrorText(orconf)));
@@ -91259,7 +92162,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(
     ** invocation is disallowed if (a) the sub-program is really a trigger,
     ** not a foreign key action, and (b) the flag to enable recursive triggers
     ** is clear.  */
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)(p->zName && !(pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers)));
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)bRecursive);
   }
 }
 
@@ -91408,7 +92311,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(
 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 **
-sqlite*************************************************************************
+*************************************************************************
 ** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
 ** to handle UPDATE statements.
 */
@@ -92627,14 +93530,14 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3 *db){
 ** in the list are moved to the sqlite3.pDisconnect list of the associated 
 ** database connection.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabClear(Table *p){
-  vtabDisconnectAll(0, p);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabClear(sqlite3 *db, Table *p){
+  if( !db || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) vtabDisconnectAll(0, p);
   if( p->azModuleArg ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<p->nModuleArg; i++){
-      sqlite3DbFree(p->dbMem, p->azModuleArg[i]);
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, p->azModuleArg[i]);
     }
-    sqlite3DbFree(p->dbMem, p->azModuleArg);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->azModuleArg);
   }
 }
 
@@ -92799,7 +93702,6 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse *pParse, Token *pEnd){
       assert( pTab==pOld );  /* Malloc must have failed inside HashInsert() */
       return;
     }
-    pSchema->db = pParse->db;
     pParse->pNewTable = 0;
   }
 }
@@ -92873,7 +93775,7 @@ static int vtabCallConstructor(
       *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "vtable constructor failed: %s", zModuleName);
     }else {
       *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", zErr);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
+      sqlite3_free(zErr);
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pVTable);
   }else if( ALWAYS(pVTable->pVtab) ){
@@ -93088,7 +93990,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
     if( pParse->pVdbe ){
       sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
     }
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->pNewTable);
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pParse->pNewTable);
     sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
   }
 
@@ -93175,8 +94077,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VtabSync(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrmsg){
     if( pVtab && (x = pVtab->pModule->xSync)!=0 ){
       rc = x(pVtab);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, *pzErrmsg);
-      *pzErrmsg = pVtab->zErrMsg;
-      pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
+      *pzErrmsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pVtab->zErrMsg);
+      sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
     }
   }
   db->aVTrans = aVTrans;
@@ -93676,6 +94578,7 @@ static void whereClauseClear(WhereClause *pWC){
 static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, u8 wtFlags){
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
   int idx;
+  testcase( wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );  /* EV: R-00211-15100 */
   if( pWC->nTerm>=pWC->nSlot ){
     WhereTerm *pOld = pWC->a;
     sqlite3 *db = pWC->pParse->db;
@@ -93821,6 +94724,13 @@ static Bitmask exprSelectTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Select *pS){
 ** Return TRUE if the given operator is one of the operators that is
 ** allowed for an indexable WHERE clause term.  The allowed operators are
 ** "=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=", and "IN".
+**
+** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-59926-26393 To be usable by an index a term must be
+** of one of the following forms: column = expression column > expression
+** column >= expression column < expression column <= expression
+** expression = column expression > column expression >= column
+** expression < column expression <= column column IN
+** (expression-list) column IN (subquery) column IS NULL
 */
 static int allowedOp(int op){
   assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ && TK_GT<TK_GE );
@@ -93984,7 +94894,6 @@ static int isLikeOrGlob(
   int c;                     /* One character in z[] */
   int cnt;                   /* Number of non-wildcard prefix characters */
   char wc[3];                /* Wildcard characters */
-  CollSeq *pColl;            /* Collating sequence for LHS */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection */
   sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
   int op;                    /* Opcode of pRight */
@@ -94003,19 +94912,6 @@ static int isLikeOrGlob(
     return 0;
   }
   assert( pLeft->iColumn!=(-1) ); /* Because IPK never has AFF_TEXT */
-  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pLeft);
-  if( pColl==0 ) return 0;  /* Happens when LHS has an undefined collation */
-  if( (pColl->type!=SQLITE_COLL_BINARY || *pnoCase) &&
-      (pColl->type!=SQLITE_COLL_NOCASE || !*pnoCase) ){
-    /* IMP: R-09003-32046 For the GLOB operator, the column must use the
-    ** default BINARY collating sequence.
-    ** IMP: R-41408-28306 For the LIKE operator, if case_sensitive_like mode
-    ** is enabled then the column must use the default BINARY collating
-    ** sequence, or if case_sensitive_like mode is disabled then the column
-    ** must use the built-in NOCASE collating sequence.
-    */
-    return 0;
-  }
 
   pRight = pList->a[0].pExpr;
   op = pRight->op;
@@ -94038,9 +94934,9 @@ static int isLikeOrGlob(
     while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
       cnt++;
     }
-    if( cnt!=0 && c!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
+    if( cnt!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
       Expr *pPrefix;
-      *pisComplete = z[cnt]==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
+      *pisComplete = c==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
       pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, z);
       if( pPrefix ) pPrefix->u.zToken[cnt] = 0;
       *ppPrefix = pPrefix;
@@ -94379,6 +95275,8 @@ static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
     /* At this point, okToChngToIN is true if original pTerm satisfies
     ** case 1.  In that case, construct a new virtual term that is 
     ** pTerm converted into an IN operator.
+    **
+    ** EV: R-00211-15100
     */
     if( okToChngToIN ){
       Expr *pDup;            /* A transient duplicate expression */
@@ -94595,6 +95493,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
     Expr *pNewExpr2;
     int idxNew1;
     int idxNew2;
+    CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use */
 
     pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
     pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);
@@ -94609,17 +95508,23 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
         ** inequality.  To avoid this, make sure to also run the full
         ** LIKE on all candidate expressions by clearing the isComplete flag
         */
-        if( c=='A'-1 ) isComplete = 0;
+        if( c=='A'-1 ) isComplete = 0;   /* EV: R-64339-08207 */
+
 
         c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
       }
       *pC = c + 1;
     }
-    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0),pStr1,0);
+    pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, noCase ? "NOCASE" : "BINARY",0);
+    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE, 
+                     sqlite3ExprSetColl(sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0), pColl),
+                     pStr1, 0);
     idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
     testcase( idxNew1==0 );
     exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
-    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0),pStr2,0);
+    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT,
+                     sqlite3ExprSetColl(sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0), pColl),
+                     pStr2, 0);
     idxNew2 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr2, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
     testcase( idxNew2==0 );
     exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew2);
@@ -95371,7 +96276,7 @@ static int vtabBestIndex(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, sqlite3_index_info *p){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", pVtab->zErrMsg);
     }
   }
-  sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, pVtab->zErrMsg);
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
   pVtab->zErrMsg = 0;
 
   for(i=0; i<p->nConstraint; i++){
@@ -96236,6 +97141,9 @@ static void bestIndex(
 ** in the ON clause.  The term is disabled in (3) because it is not part
 ** of a LEFT OUTER JOIN.  In (1), the term is not disabled.
 **
+** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-24597-58655 No tests are done for terms that are
+** completely satisfied by indices.
+**
 ** Disabling a term causes that term to not be tested in the inner loop
 ** of the join.  Disabling is an optimization.  When terms are satisfied
 ** by indices, we disable them to prevent redundant tests in the inner
@@ -96447,6 +97355,7 @@ static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
     /* The following true for indices with redundant columns. 
     ** Ex: CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a,b,a); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 AND b=0; */
     testcase( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)!=0 );
+    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* EV: R-30575-11662 */
     r1 = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, regBase+j);
     if( r1!=regBase+j ){
       if( nReg==1 ){
@@ -96590,6 +97499,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
     assert( pTerm->pExpr!=0 );
     assert( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur );
     assert( omitTable==0 );
+    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* EV: R-30575-11662 */
     iRowidReg = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, iReleaseReg);
     addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, iRowidReg, addrNxt);
@@ -96630,6 +97540,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
       assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );      /*  ... of the TK_xx values... */
       assert( TK_GE==TK_GT+3 );      /*  ... is correcct. */
 
+      testcase( pStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* EV: R-30575-11662 */
       pX = pStart->pExpr;
       assert( pX!=0 );
       assert( pStart->leftCursor==iCur );
@@ -96647,6 +97558,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
       pX = pEnd->pExpr;
       assert( pX!=0 );
       assert( pEnd->leftCursor==iCur );
+      testcase( pEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* EV: R-30575-11662 */
       memEndValue = ++pParse->nMem;
       sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pX->pRight, memEndValue);
       if( pX->op==TK_LT || pX->op==TK_GT ){
@@ -96704,7 +97616,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
     **         constraints but an index is selected anyway, in order
     **         to force the output order to conform to an ORDER BY.
     */  
-    int aStartOp[] = {
+    static const u8 aStartOp[] = {
       0,
       0,
       OP_Rewind,           /* 2: (!start_constraints && startEq &&  !bRev) */
@@ -96714,12 +97626,12 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
       OP_SeekGe,           /* 6: (start_constraints  &&  startEq && !bRev) */
       OP_SeekLe            /* 7: (start_constraints  &&  startEq &&  bRev) */
     };
-    int aEndOp[] = {
+    static const u8 aEndOp[] = {
       OP_Noop,             /* 0: (!end_constraints) */
       OP_IdxGE,            /* 1: (end_constraints && !bRev) */
       OP_IdxLT             /* 2: (end_constraints && bRev) */
     };
-    int nEq = pLevel->plan.nEq;
+    int nEq = pLevel->plan.nEq;  /* Number of == or IN terms */
     int isMinQuery = 0;          /* If this is an optimized SELECT min(x).. */
     int regBase;                 /* Base register holding constraint values */
     int r1;                      /* Temp register */
@@ -96729,10 +97641,10 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
     int endEq;                   /* True if range end uses ==, >= or <= */
     int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
     int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
-    Index *pIdx;         /* The index we will be using */
-    int iIdxCur;         /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
-    int nExtraReg = 0;   /* Number of extra registers needed */
-    int op;              /* Instruction opcode */
+    Index *pIdx;                 /* The index we will be using */
+    int iIdxCur;                 /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
+    int nExtraReg = 0;           /* Number of extra registers needed */
+    int op;                      /* Instruction opcode */
     char *zStartAff;             /* Affinity for start of range constraint */
     char *zEndAff;               /* Affinity for end of range constraint */
 
@@ -96814,6 +97726,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
         }
       }  
       nConstraint++;
+      testcase( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* EV: R-30575-11662 */
     }else if( isMinQuery ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
       nConstraint++;
@@ -96853,6 +97766,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
       }  
       codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nEq+1, zEndAff);
       nConstraint++;
+      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* EV: R-30575-11662 */
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zStartAff);
     sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zEndAff);
@@ -97059,11 +97973,15 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
 
   /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
   ** computed using the current set of tables.
+  **
+  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-49525-50935 Terms that cannot be satisfied through
+  ** the use of indices become tests that are evaluated against each row of
+  ** the relevant input tables.
   */
   k = 0;
   for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
     Expr *pE;
-    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
+    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ); /* IMP: R-30575-11662 */
     testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
     if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notReady)!=0 ){
@@ -97091,7 +98009,7 @@ static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
     VdbeComment((v, "record LEFT JOIN hit"));
     sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
     for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=0; j<pWC->nTerm; j++, pTerm++){
-      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
+      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );  /* IMP: R-30575-11662 */
       testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
       if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
       if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notReady)!=0 ){
@@ -97309,7 +98227,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
   initMaskSet(pMaskSet);
   whereClauseInit(pWC, pParse, pMaskSet);
   sqlite3ExprCodeConstants(pParse, pWhere);
-  whereSplit(pWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
+  whereSplit(pWC, pWhere, TK_AND);   /* IMP: R-15842-53296 */
     
   /* Special case: a WHERE clause that is constant.  Evaluate the
   ** expression and either jump over all of the code or fall thru.
@@ -97397,6 +98315,8 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     int bestJ = -1;             /* The value of j */
     Bitmask m;                  /* Bitmask value for j or bestJ */
     int isOptimal;              /* Iterator for optimal/non-optimal search */
+    int nUnconstrained;         /* Number tables without INDEXED BY */
+    Bitmask notIndexed;         /* Mask of tables that cannot use an index */
 
     memset(&bestPlan, 0, sizeof(bestPlan));
     bestPlan.rCost = SQLITE_BIG_DBL;
@@ -97438,8 +98358,10 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
     ** algorithm may choose to use t2 for the outer loop, which is a much
     ** costlier approach.
     */
+    nUnconstrained = 0;
+    notIndexed = 0;
     for(isOptimal=(iFrom<nTabList-1); isOptimal>=0; isOptimal--){
-      Bitmask mask;  /* Mask of tables not yet ready */
+      Bitmask mask;             /* Mask of tables not yet ready */
       for(j=iFrom, pTabItem=&pTabList->a[j]; j<nTabList; j++, pTabItem++){
         int doNotReorder;    /* True if this table should not be reordered */
         WhereCost sCost;     /* Cost information from best[Virtual]Index() */
@@ -97454,6 +98376,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
         }
         mask = (isOptimal ? m : notReady);
         pOrderBy = ((i==0 && ppOrderBy )?*ppOrderBy:0);
+        if( pTabItem->pIndex==0 ) nUnconstrained++;
   
         assert( pTabItem->pTab );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
@@ -97467,9 +98390,43 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
         }
         assert( isOptimal || (sCost.used&notReady)==0 );
 
-        if( (sCost.used&notReady)==0
-         && (bestJ<0 || sCost.rCost<bestPlan.rCost
-             || (sCost.rCost<=bestPlan.rCost && sCost.nRow<bestPlan.nRow))
+        /* If an INDEXED BY clause is present, then the plan must use that
+        ** index if it uses any index at all */
+        assert( pTabItem->pIndex==0 
+                  || (sCost.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_NOT_FULLSCAN)==0
+                  || sCost.plan.u.pIdx==pTabItem->pIndex );
+
+        if( isOptimal && (sCost.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_NOT_FULLSCAN)==0 ){
+          notIndexed |= m;
+        }
+
+        /* Conditions under which this table becomes the best so far:
+        **
+        **   (1) The table must not depend on other tables that have not
+        **       yet run.
+        **
+        **   (2) A full-table-scan plan cannot supercede another plan unless
+        **       it is an "optimal" plan as defined above.
+        **
+        **   (3) All tables have an INDEXED BY clause or this table lacks an
+        **       INDEXED BY clause or this table uses the specific
+        **       index specified by its INDEXED BY clause.  This rule ensures
+        **       that a best-so-far is always selected even if an impossible
+        **       combination of INDEXED BY clauses are given.  The error
+        **       will be detected and relayed back to the application later.
+        **       The NEVER() comes about because rule (2) above prevents
+        **       An indexable full-table-scan from reaching rule (3).
+        **
+        **   (4) The plan cost must be lower than prior plans or else the
+        **       cost must be the same and the number of rows must be lower.
+        */
+        if( (sCost.used&notReady)==0                       /* (1) */
+            && (bestJ<0 || (notIndexed&m)!=0               /* (2) */
+                || (sCost.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_NOT_FULLSCAN)!=0)
+            && (nUnconstrained==0 || pTabItem->pIndex==0   /* (3) */
+                || NEVER((sCost.plan.wsFlags & WHERE_NOT_FULLSCAN)!=0))
+            && (bestJ<0 || sCost.rCost<bestPlan.rCost      /* (4) */
+                || (sCost.rCost<=bestPlan.rCost && sCost.nRow<bestPlan.nRow))
         ){
           WHERETRACE(("... best so far with cost=%g and nRow=%g\n",
                       sCost.rCost, sCost.nRow));
@@ -100484,7 +101441,7 @@ static void yy_reduce(
         break;
       case 195: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ids */
 {
-  yygotominor.yy118.pExpr = sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy118.pExpr, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yygotominor.yy118.pExpr = sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy118.pExpr, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
   yygotominor.yy118.zStart = yymsp[-2].minor.yy118.zStart;
   yygotominor.yy118.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
 }
@@ -100740,7 +101697,7 @@ static void yy_reduce(
   Expr *p = 0;
   if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n>0 ){
     p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+    sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
   }
   yygotominor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, p);
   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse,yygotominor.yy322,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,1);
@@ -100753,7 +101710,7 @@ static void yy_reduce(
   Expr *p = 0;
   if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n>0 ){
     p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetColl(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+    sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, p, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
   }
   yygotominor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p);
   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yygotominor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
@@ -102033,7 +102990,7 @@ abort_parse:
   }
 #endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->apVtabLock);
+  sqlite3_free(pParse->apVtabLock);
 #endif
 
   if( !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
@@ -102041,7 +102998,7 @@ abort_parse:
     ** structure built up in pParse->pNewTable. The calling code (see vtab.c)
     ** will take responsibility for freeing the Table structure.
     */
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(pParse->pNewTable);
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pParse->pNewTable);
   }
 
   sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pParse->pNewTrigger);
@@ -102055,7 +103012,7 @@ abort_parse:
   while( pParse->pZombieTab ){
     Table *p = pParse->pZombieTab;
     pParse->pZombieTab = p->pNextZombie;
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(p);
+    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, p);
   }
   if( nErr>0 && pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -103747,16 +104704,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
 
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
     if( i==iDb || iDb==SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED ){
-      Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
-      if( pBt ){
-        if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pBt) ){
-          rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
-        }else{
-          sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
-          rc = sqlite3PagerCheckpoint(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
-          sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
-        }
-      }
+      rc = sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(db->aDb[i].pBt);
     }
   }
 
@@ -105205,7 +106153,7 @@ SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ConnectionUnlocked(sqlite3 *db){
       assert( aArg==aDyn || (aDyn==0 && aArg==aStatic) );
       assert( nArg<=(int)ArraySize(aStatic) || aArg==aDyn );
       if( (!aDyn && nArg==(int)ArraySize(aStatic))
-       || (aDyn && nArg==(int)(sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, aDyn)/sizeof(void*)))
+       || (aDyn && nArg==(int)(sqlite3MallocSize(aDyn)/sizeof(void*)))
       ){
         /* The aArg[] array needs to grow. */
         void **pNew = (void **)sqlite3Malloc(nArg*sizeof(void *)*2);
@@ -108529,7 +109477,7 @@ static void hashDestroy(void *p){
 ** used to retrieve the respective implementations.
 **
 ** Calling sqlite3Fts3SimpleTokenizerModule() sets the value pointed
-** to by the argument to point a the "simple" tokenizer implementation.
+** to by the argument to point to the "simple" tokenizer implementation.
 ** Function ...PorterTokenizerModule() sets *pModule to point to the
 ** porter tokenizer/stemmer implementation.
 */
@@ -108731,7 +109679,7 @@ struct ParseContext {
 ** negative values).
 */
 static int fts3isspace(char c){
-  return (c&0x80)==0 ? isspace(c) : 0;
+  return c==' ' || c=='\t' || c=='\n' || c=='\r' || c=='\v' || c=='\f';
 }
 
 /*
@@ -111118,6 +112066,9 @@ typedef struct simple_tokenizer_cursor {
 static int simpleDelim(simple_tokenizer *t, unsigned char c){
   return c<0x80 && t->delim[c];
 }
+static int fts3_isalnum(int x){
+  return (x>='0' && x<='9') || (x>='A' && x<='Z') || (x>='a' && x<='z');
+}
 
 /*
 ** Create a new tokenizer instance.
@@ -111152,7 +112103,7 @@ static int simpleCreate(
     /* Mark non-alphanumeric ASCII characters as delimiters */
     int i;
     for(i=1; i<0x80; i++){
-      t->delim[i] = !isalnum(i) ? -1 : 0;
+      t->delim[i] = !fts3_isalnum(i) ? -1 : 0;
     }
   }
 
@@ -111258,7 +112209,7 @@ static int simpleNext(
         ** case-insensitivity.
         */
         unsigned char ch = p[iStartOffset+i];
-        c->pToken[i] = (char)(ch<0x80 ? tolower(ch) : ch);
+        c->pToken[i] = (char)((ch>='A' && ch<='Z') ? ch-'A'+'a' : ch);
       }
       *ppToken = c->pToken;
       *pnBytes = n;
@@ -116164,11 +117115,10 @@ static int rtreeFilter(
 **   idxNum     idxStr        Strategy
 **   ------------------------------------------------
 **     1        Unused        Direct lookup by rowid.
-**     2        See below     R-tree query.
-**     3        Unused        Full table scan.
+**     2        See below     R-tree query or full-table scan.
 **   ------------------------------------------------
 **
-** If strategy 1 or 3 is used, then idxStr is not meaningful. If strategy
+** If strategy 1 is used, then idxStr is not meaningful. If strategy
 ** 2 is used, idxStr is formatted to contain 2 bytes for each 
 ** constraint used. The first two bytes of idxStr correspond to 
 ** the constraint in sqlite3_index_info.aConstraintUsage[] with
diff --git a/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.h b/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.h
index 3d02c7c..ceca47a 100644
--- a/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.h
+++ b/libgda/sqlite/sqlite-src/sqlite3.h
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ extern "C" {
 **
 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/";>Fossil configuration management
-** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evalutes to
+** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ extern "C" {
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.7.0.1"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007000
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-08-04 12:31:11 042a1abb030a0711386add7eb6e10832cc8b0f57"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.7.2"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3007002
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2010-08-23 18:52:01 42537b60566f288167f1b5864a5435986838e3a3"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the 
 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().  
 **
-** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows interating
+** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_ 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
 **
 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
-** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifing the 
+** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the 
 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
 **
 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_close() routine is the destructor for the [sqlite3] object.
 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() return SQLITE_OK if the [sqlite3] object is
-** successfullly destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
+** successfully destroyed and all associated resources are deallocated.
 **
 ** Applications must [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements]
 ** and [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles] associated with
@@ -695,12 +695,21 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
 ** file run faster.
+**
+** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
+** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
+** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should 
+** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
+** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
+** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
+** improve performance on some systems.
 */
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1
 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      2
 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      3
 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             4
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT        5
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE       6
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
@@ -2176,7 +2185,13 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
-** of how long that statement took to run.
+** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
+** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
+** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
+** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
+** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
+** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
+** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
 */
 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
@@ -2657,7 +2672,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
-** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifer.)^  ^The values of these
+** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
 **
@@ -3436,7 +3451,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
 **
-** Implementions of aggregate SQL functions use this
+** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
 **
 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called 
@@ -3708,7 +3723,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 **
 ** A pointer to the user supplied routine must be passed as the fifth
 ** argument.  ^If it is NULL, this is the same as deleting the collation
-** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it anymore).
+** sequence (so that SQLite cannot call it any more).
 ** ^Each time the application supplied function is invoked, it is passed
 ** as its first parameter a copy of the void* passed as the fourth argument
 ** to sqlite3_create_collation() or sqlite3_create_collation16().
@@ -4325,7 +4340,8 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
 **
-** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used to
+** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
+** of the [virtual table] interface to
 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
@@ -4333,10 +4349,12 @@ struct sqlite3_module {
 **
 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
 **
-** <pre>column OP expr</pre>
+** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
 **
 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
-** stored in aConstraint[].op.)^  ^(The index of the column is stored in
+** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
+** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
+** ^(The index of the column is stored in
 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
@@ -4396,6 +4414,15 @@ struct sqlite3_index_info {
   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
   double estimatedCost;      /* Estimated cost of using this index */
 };
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
+**
+** These macros defined the allowed values for the
+** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
+** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
+** a query that uses a [virtual table].
+*/
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
@@ -4914,7 +4941,7 @@ SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
 **
 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
-** invoke xMutexInit() mutiple times within the same process and without
+** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
 **
@@ -5084,7 +5111,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
 **
 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
-** about the preformance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
+** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
 ** are of the form [SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
@@ -5136,6 +5163,9 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetF
 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations.</dd>)^
+**
 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using 
@@ -5197,6 +5227,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetF
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
@@ -5206,7 +5237,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetF
 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED | SQLITE_DBSTATUS_*] macros, that
-** determiness the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
+** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of 
 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED | SQLITE_DBSTATUS_*] macros is likely
 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
 **
@@ -5236,16 +5267,33 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int r
 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
 ** checked out.</dd>)^
 **
-** <dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
-** <dd>^This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
-** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
+** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
+**
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
+** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
+** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^ 
+** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
+** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
+** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
+**
+** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
+** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of of bytes of heap
+** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
+** the database connection.)^
+** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED     0
 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED         1
-#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                1   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED        2
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED          3
+#define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                3   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
 
 
 /*
@@ -5611,7 +5659,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 **
 ** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
 ** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
-** up and the total number of pages in the source databae file.
+** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
 ** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
 ** retrieve these two values, respectively.
 **
@@ -5707,7 +5755,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
-** unlock-notify callback is cancelled. ^The blocked connections 
+** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections 
 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 **
@@ -5789,7 +5837,7 @@ SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
 **
 ** ^The [sqlite3_strnicmp()] API allows applications and extensions to
 ** compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8 strings in a
-** case-indendent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
+** case-independent fashion, using the same definition of case independence 
 ** that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);



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