[gimp-help-2: 1/2] Minor enhancements for layer mode examples
- From: Ulf-D. Ehlert <ulfehlert src gnome org>
- To: svn-commits-list gnome org
- Subject: [gimp-help-2: 1/2] Minor enhancements for layer mode examples
- Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 10:25:32 +0000 (UTC)
commit ca760e3ce109973cce8e0d635cd8579d851c4f60
Author: Ulf-D. Ehlert <ulfehlert svn gnome org>
Date: Tue Jul 14 13:35:24 2009 +0200
Minor enhancements for layer mode examples
Make clear (promote to <note>) that 0 <= E <= 255 for any layer
mode equation; fix Screen mode equation 8.11 (cf. bug #544965).
images/C/math/layer-mode-soft-light1.png | Bin 3843 -> 3916 bytes
src/concepts/layer-modes.xml | 453 ++++++++++++------------------
2 files changed, 187 insertions(+), 266 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/images/C/math/layer-mode-soft-light1.png b/images/C/math/layer-mode-soft-light1.png
index efe88ad..e25125c 100644
Binary files a/images/C/math/layer-mode-soft-light1.png and b/images/C/math/layer-mode-soft-light1.png differ
diff --git a/src/concepts/layer-modes.xml b/src/concepts/layer-modes.xml
index 2685ea8..fbca35e 100644
--- a/src/concepts/layer-modes.xml
+++ b/src/concepts/layer-modes.xml
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
2006-09-06 scb: thorough review and/or rewrite of English
-->
<sect1 id="gimp-concepts-layer-modes">
- <title>
- <phrase>Layer Modes</phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Layer Modes</title>
+
<indexterm>
<primary>Layer</primary>
<secondary>Modes</secondary>
@@ -30,7 +29,9 @@
<primary>Color</primary>
<secondary>Merging layer Modes</secondary>
</indexterm>
- <para><acronym>GIMP</acronym> has twenty-one layer modes. Layer modes are also
+
+ <para>
+ <acronym>GIMP</acronym> has twenty-one layer modes. Layer modes are also
sometimes called <quote>blending modes</quote>.
Selecting a layer mode changes the appearance of the layer or image,
based on the layer or layers beneath it. If there is only one layer, the
@@ -61,9 +62,7 @@
</para>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>Images (masks) for layer mode examples</phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Images (masks) for layer mode examples</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
@@ -128,10 +127,15 @@
corresponding color components together to form the
<emphasis>E</emphasis> resulting pixel's color.
</quote>
- Pixel color components must always be between 0 and 255. Unless the
- description below says otherwise, a negative color component is set to 0
- and a color component larger than 255 is set to 255.
+ Pixel color components must always be between 0 and 255.
</para>
+ <note>
+ <!-- cf. bug #544965 (2008-07-27) -->
+ <para>
+ Unless the description below says otherwise, a negative color component
+ is set to 0 and a color component larger than 255 is set to 255.
+ </para>
+ </note>
<para>
The examples below show the effects of each of the modes.
</para>
@@ -153,14 +157,11 @@
<secondary>Normal</secondary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Normal</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Normal</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-normal-50.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-normal-50.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -171,7 +172,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-normal-100.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-normal-100.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -181,7 +183,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Normal</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Normal</guilabel>
mode is the default layer mode. The layer on top covers the layers
below it. If you want to see anything below the top layer when you
use this mode, the layer must have some transparent areas.
@@ -210,26 +213,23 @@
<primary>Dissolve</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Dissolve</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Dissolve</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-50.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-50.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
- Both images are blended into each
- other with the same
+ Both images are blended into each other with the same
intensity.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-100.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-100.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -239,7 +239,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Dissolve</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Dissolve</guilabel>
mode dissolves the upper layer into the layer beneath it by drawing
a random pattern of pixels in areas of partial transparency. It is
useful as a layer mode, but it is also often useful as a painting
@@ -254,12 +255,11 @@
mode, where it can be clearly seen how the pixels are dispersed.
</para>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>Enlarged screenshots</phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Enlarged screenshots</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-nbig.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-nbig.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>Normal mode.</para>
@@ -267,7 +267,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-dbig.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dissolve-dbig.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>Dissolve mode.</para>
@@ -288,14 +289,11 @@
<primary>Multiply</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Multiply</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Multiply</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-multiply-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-multiply-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -305,7 +303,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-multiply-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-multiply-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -314,7 +313,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Multiply</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Multiply</guilabel>
mode multiplies the pixel values of the upper layer with those of
the layer below it and then divides the result by 255. The result is
usually a darker image. If either layer is white, the resulting
@@ -323,11 +323,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Multiply</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Multiply</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = \frac {1}{255} (M * I)$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-multiply.png" format="PNG"/>
</equation>
@@ -348,14 +344,11 @@
<primary>Divide</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Divide</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Divide</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-divide-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-divide-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -365,7 +358,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-divide-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-divide-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -374,7 +368,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Divide</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Divide</guilabel>
mode multiplies each pixel value in the lower layer by 256 and then
divides that by the corresponding pixel value of the upper layer
plus one. (Adding one to the denominator avoids dividing by zero.)
@@ -405,14 +400,11 @@
<primary>Screen</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Screen</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Screen</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-screen-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-screen-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -422,7 +414,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-screen-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-screen-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -431,7 +424,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Screen</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Screen</guilabel>
mode inverts the values of each of the visible pixels in the two
layers of the image. (That is, it subtracts each of them from 255.)
Then it multiplies them together, divides by 255 and inverts
@@ -444,11 +438,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Screen</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Screen</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">
$E = 255 - \frac {(255-M)*(255-I)}{255}$
</alt>
@@ -471,14 +461,11 @@
<primary>Overlay</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Overlay</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Overlay</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-overlay-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-overlay-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -488,7 +475,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-overlay-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-overlay-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -497,7 +485,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Overlay</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Overlay</guilabel>
mode inverts the pixel value of the lower layer, multiplies it by
two times the pixel value of the upper layer, adds that to the
original pixel value of the lower layer, divides by 255, and then
@@ -509,7 +498,8 @@
<phrase>The equation is:</phrase>
<footnote id="gimp-layer-mode-bug162395">
<para>
- The equation is the *theoretical* equation. Due to <ulink url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=162395";> Bug
+ The equation is the *theoretical* equation. Due to
+ <ulink url="http://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=162395";> Bug
#162395 </ulink>, the actual equation is equivalent to Soft
light. It is difficult to fix this bug without changing the
appearance of existing images.
@@ -517,11 +507,7 @@
</footnote>
</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Overlay</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Overlay</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">
$E = \frac{1I}{255} * (I+ \frac{2M}{255} * (255 - I))$
</alt>
@@ -541,14 +527,11 @@
<primary>Dodge</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Dodge</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Dodge</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dodge-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dodge-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -558,7 +541,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dodge-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-dodge-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -567,7 +551,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Dodge</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Dodge</guilabel>
mode multiplies the pixel value of the lower layer by 256, then
divides that by the inverse of the pixel value of the top layer. The
resulting image is usually lighter, but some colors may be inverted.
@@ -581,11 +566,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Dodge</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Dodge</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = \frac{I*256}{(255-M)+1}$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-dodge.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -603,14 +584,11 @@
<primary>Burn</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Burn</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Burn</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-burn-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-burn-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -620,7 +598,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-burn-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-burn-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -629,7 +608,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Burn</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Burn</guilabel>
mode inverts the pixel value of the lower layer, multiplies it by
256, divides that by one plus the pixel value of the upper layer,
then inverts the result. It tends to make the image darker, somewhat
@@ -644,11 +624,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Burn</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Burn</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = 255 - \frac{(255-I)*256}{M+1}$
</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-burn.png"/>
@@ -667,14 +643,11 @@
<primary>Hard light</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Hard light</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Hard light</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hard-light-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hard-light-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -684,7 +657,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hard-light-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hard-light-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -693,7 +667,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Hard light</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Hard light</guilabel>
mode is rather complicated because the equation consists of two
parts, one for darker colors and one for brighter colors. If the
pixel color of the upper layer is greater than 128, the layers are
@@ -706,9 +681,7 @@
the value >128 or 128 :</para>
<equation>
<title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Hard light</quote>, M > 128
- </phrase>
+ Equation for layer mode <quote>Hard light</quote>, M > 128
</title>
<alt role="latex">
$M > 128: E = 255- \frac{(255-I)*(255-(2*(M-128)))}{256}$
@@ -717,9 +690,7 @@
</equation>
<equation>
<title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Hard light</quote>, M 128
- </phrase>
+ Equation for layer mode <quote>Hard light</quote>, M ≤ 128
</title>
<alt role="latex">
$M \leq 128: E = \frac{I*M*2}{256}$
@@ -740,14 +711,11 @@
<primary>Soft light</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Soft light</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Soft light</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-soft-light-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-soft-light-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -757,7 +725,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-soft-light-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-soft-light-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -766,7 +735,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Soft light</guilabel> is not related to
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Soft light</guilabel> is not related to
<quote>Hard light</quote> in anything but the name, but it
does tend to make the edges softer and the colors not so
bright. It is similar to <quote>Overlay</quote> mode. In some
@@ -777,22 +747,14 @@
result of Screen mode :
</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Screen</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Screen</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">
- $R_{s} = \frac {255-((255-I)*(255-M))}{256}$
+ $R_{s} = 255 - \frac {(255-M)*(255-I)}{255}$
</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-soft-light1.png"/>
</equation>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Soft light</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Soft light</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">
$E = \frac {((255-I)*M*I)+(I*R_{s})}{255}$
</alt>
@@ -812,14 +774,11 @@
<primary>Grain extract</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Grain extract</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Grain extract</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-grain-extract-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-grain-extract-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -829,7 +788,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-grain-extract-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-grain-extract-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -838,7 +798,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Grain extract</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Grain extract</guilabel>
mode is supposed to extract the <quote>film grain</quote>
from a layer to produce a new layer that is pure grain, but it can
also be useful for giving images an embossed appearance. It
@@ -847,11 +808,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Grain extract</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Grain extract</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = I - M + 128$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-grainextract.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -875,11 +832,7 @@
for detailed information.
</para>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Grain merge</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Grain merge</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata format="JPG"
@@ -893,7 +846,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-grain-merge-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-grain-merge-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -902,7 +856,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Grain merge</guilabel> mode merges a grain layer
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Grain merge</guilabel> mode merges a grain layer
(possibly one created from the <quote>Grain extract</quote>
mode) into the current layer, leaving a grainy version of the
original layer. It does just the opposite of
@@ -911,11 +866,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Grain merge</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Grain merge</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = I + M - 128$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-grainmerge.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -933,14 +884,11 @@
<primary>Difference</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Difference</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Difference</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-difference-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-difference-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -950,7 +898,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-difference-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-difference-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -959,7 +908,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Difference</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Difference</guilabel>
mode subtracts the pixel value of the upper layer from that of the
lower layer and then takes the absolute value of the result. No
matter what the original two layers look like, the result looks
@@ -967,11 +917,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Difference</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Difference</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = |I - M|$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-difference.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -992,14 +938,11 @@
<primary>Addition</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Addition</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Addition</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-addition-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-addition-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1009,7 +952,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-addition-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-addition-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1018,7 +962,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Addition</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Addition</guilabel>
mode is very simple. The pixel values of the upper and lower layers
are added to each other. The resulting image is usually lighter. The
equation can result in color values greater than 255, so some of the
@@ -1026,11 +971,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Addition</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Addition</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = min( (M + I), 255)$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-addition.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -1051,14 +992,11 @@
<primary>Subtract</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Subtract</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Subtract</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-subtract-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-subtract-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1068,7 +1006,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-subtract-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-subtract-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1077,7 +1016,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Subtract</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Subtract</guilabel>
mode subtracts the pixel values of the upper layer from the pixel
values of the lower layer. The resulting image is normally darker.
You might get a lot of black or near-black in the resulting image.
@@ -1086,11 +1026,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Subtraction</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Subtraction</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = max( (I - M),0)$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-subtract.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -1108,14 +1044,11 @@
<primary>Darken only</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Darken only</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Darken only</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-darken-only-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-darken-only-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1125,7 +1058,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-darken-only-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-darken-only-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1134,7 +1068,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guimenuitem>Darken only</guimenuitem>
+ <para>
+ <guimenuitem>Darken only</guimenuitem>
mode compares each component of each pixel in the upper layer with
the corresponding one in the lower layer and uses the smaller value
in the resulting image. Completely white layers have no effect on
@@ -1142,11 +1077,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Darken only</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Darken only</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = min(M,I)$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-darken.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -1167,14 +1098,11 @@
<primary>Lighten only</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Lighten only</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Lighten only</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-lighten-only-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-lighten-only-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1184,7 +1112,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-lighten-only-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-lighten-only-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1193,7 +1122,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guimenuitem>Lighten only</guimenuitem>
+ <para>
+ <guimenuitem>Lighten only</guimenuitem>
mode compares each component of each pixel in the upper layer with
the corresponding one in the lower layer and uses the larger value
in the resulting image. Completely black layers have no effect on
@@ -1201,11 +1131,7 @@
</para>
<para>The equation is:</para>
<equation>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Equation for layer mode <quote>Lighten only</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Equation for layer mode <quote>Lighten only</quote></title>
<alt role="latex">$E = max(M,I)$</alt>
<graphic fileref="images/math/layer-mode-lighten.png"/>
</equation>
@@ -1226,14 +1152,11 @@
<primary>Hue</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Hue</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Hue</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hue-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hue-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1243,7 +1166,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hue-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-hue-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1252,7 +1176,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Hue</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Hue</guilabel>
mode uses the hue of the upper layer and the saturation and value of
the lower layer to form the resulting image. However, if the
saturation of the upper layer is zero, the hue is taken from the
@@ -1272,14 +1197,11 @@
<primary>Saturation</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Saturation</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Saturation</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-saturation-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-saturation-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1289,7 +1211,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-saturation-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-saturation-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1298,7 +1221,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Saturation</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Saturation</guilabel>
mode uses the saturation of the upper layer and the hue and value of
the lower layer to form the resulting image.
</para>
@@ -1316,14 +1240,11 @@
<primary>Color</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Color</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Color</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-color-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-color-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1333,7 +1254,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-color-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-color-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1342,7 +1264,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Color</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Color</guilabel>
mode uses the hue and saturation of the upper layer and the value of
the lower layer to form the resulting image.
</para>
@@ -1360,14 +1283,11 @@
<primary>Value</primary>
</indexterm>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>
- Example for layer mode <quote>Value</quote>
- </phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Example for layer mode <quote>Value</quote></title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-value-mask1.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-value-mask1.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1377,7 +1297,8 @@
</mediaobject>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/using/layer-mode-value-mask2.jpg" format="JPG"/>
+ <imagedata format="JPG"
+ fileref="images/using/layer-mode-value-mask2.jpg"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
<para>
@@ -1386,7 +1307,8 @@
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
- <para><guilabel>Value</guilabel>
+ <para>
+ <guilabel>Value</guilabel>
mode uses the value of the upper layer and the saturation and hue of
the lower layer to form the resulting image. You can use this mode
to reveal details in dark and light areas of an image without
@@ -1407,12 +1329,11 @@
<quote>Red Cubes</quote> pattern.
</para>
<figure>
- <title>
- <phrase>Multi layer example</phrase>
- </title>
+ <title>Multi layer example</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/glossary/modes-multilayer.png" format="PNG"/>
+ <imagedata format="PNG"
+ fileref="images/glossary/modes-multilayer.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
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