[dasher: 1/16] Tidying up languages...
- From: Patrick Welche <pwelche src gnome org>
- To: svn-commits-list gnome org
- Cc:
- Subject: [dasher: 1/16] Tidying up languages...
- Date: Tue, 1 Dec 2009 16:14:13 +0000 (UTC)
commit 58495ae7e0810e40a73c0a6d325080ccc0a92dc9
Author: Alan Lawrence <acl33 inf phy cam ac uk>
Date: Wed Aug 19 16:43:47 2009 +0100
Tidying up languages...
Added combining training texts for french, portuguese, spanish, czech;
commented out russki/latin, lowercase finnish, lowercase german alphabets;
removed latin 8859 alphabet trained from French combining text;
renamed training_basque_EU.txt to training_basque_ES.txt as per alphabet;
removed unused training_bengali_bn.txt (alphabet.bengali.xml uses _BD.txt)
Data/alphabets/alphabet.finnish2.xml | 4 +-
Data/alphabets/alphabet.german.xml | 4 +-
Data/alphabets/alphabet.japanese.canna.xml | 1 -
Data/alphabets/alphabet.russian.xml | 4 +-
...aining_basque_EU.txt => training_basque_ES.txt} | 0
Data/training/training_bengali_bn.txt | 1333 -
Data/training/training_czechC_CS.txt | 4012 ++
Data/training/training_englishLC_GB.txt | 664 +
Data/training/training_frenchC_FR.txt | 2546 ++
Data/training/training_italianC_IT.txt | 875 +
Data/training/training_portugueseC_BR.txt | 2779 ++
Data/training/training_spanishC_ES.txt |43279 ++++++++++++++++++++
12 files changed, 54161 insertions(+), 1340 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.finnish2.xml b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.finnish2.xml
index ab7ebb5..cdde681 100644
--- a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.finnish2.xml
+++ b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.finnish2.xml
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
<s d="." t="."/>
</group>
</alphabet>
-<alphabet name="Suomalainen / Finnish lower case">
+<!--<alphabet name="Suomalainen / Finnish lower case">
<orientation type="LR"/>
<encoding type="Western"/>
<palette>Default</palette>
@@ -137,6 +137,6 @@
<group name="Punctuation" b="112">
<s d="." t="."/>
</group>
-</alphabet>
+</alphabet>-->
</alphabets>
diff --git a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.german.xml b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.german.xml
index 6d8f78c..8a1c370 100644
--- a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.german.xml
+++ b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.german.xml
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
<s d="." t="."/>
</group>
</alphabet>
-<alphabet name="Deutsch / German lower case">
+<!--<alphabet name="Deutsch / German lower case">
<orientation type="LR"/>
<encoding type="Western"/>
<palette>Default</palette>
@@ -249,5 +249,5 @@
<group name="Punctuation" b="112">
<s d="." t="."/>
</group>
-</alphabet>
+</alphabet>-->
</alphabets>
diff --git a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.japanese.canna.xml b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.japanese.canna.xml
index f7ac51c..69684e4 100644
--- a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.japanese.canna.xml
+++ b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.japanese.canna.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
<!-- $Id$ -->
<orientation type="LR"/>
<encoding type="Western"/>
-<!--<train>training_Japanese_JP.txt</train>-->
<train>training_canna_JP.txt</train>
<palette>European/Asian</palette>
<space d="_" t=" " b="9" />
diff --git a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.russian.xml b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.russian.xml
index d0856a5..edc8caf 100644
--- a/Data/alphabets/alphabet.russian.xml
+++ b/Data/alphabets/alphabet.russian.xml
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
<s d="." t="."/>
</group>
</alphabet>
-<alphabet name="Russian (Russki) - Latin alphabet">
+<!--<alphabet name="Russian (Russki) - Latin alphabet">
<orientation type="LR"/>
<control d="Control" t=""/>
<encoding type="Western"/>
@@ -247,5 +247,5 @@
<s d="," t=","/>
<s d="." t="."/>
</group>
-</alphabet>
+</alphabet>-->
</alphabets>
diff --git a/Data/training/training_basque_EU.txt b/Data/training/training_basque_ES.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from Data/training/training_basque_EU.txt
rename to Data/training/training_basque_ES.txt
diff --git a/Data/training/training_czechC_CS.txt b/Data/training/training_czechC_CS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59ee962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Data/training/training_czechC_CS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4012 @@
+Copyright 2004 UÌ?stav CÌ?eskeÌ?ho naÌ?rodniÌ?ho korpusu FF UK, Praha.
+
+SÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? teÌ?chto vzorkuÌ? je mozÌ?neÌ? podle ustanoveniÌ? GNU GPL, vydaÌ?vaneÌ? Free Software Foundation; a to budÌ? verze 2 teÌ?to licence anebo (podle vasÌ?eho uvaÌ?zÌ?eniÌ?) ktereÌ?koli pozdeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? verze.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? doplnÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? texty vklaÌ?dejte na konec souboru.
+
+
+Kim si sice nesedl, ale z okna kancelaÌ?rÌ?e polesiÌ? se ozval takeÌ? povel: "Kime prdni!" UcÌ?itelka hudby se otocÌ?ila a uvideÌ?la rozesmaÌ?tou a rozjezÌ?enou hlavu hajneÌ?ho ViÌ?teÌ?zslava. "Zkuste mu ty povely zazpiÌ?vat v C dur," smaÌ?l se hajnyÌ?.
+
+SlusÌ?nost, laÌ?ska a zaÌ?klady hygieny. Ekologie, politika, rovnost a rozumnyÌ? zÌ?ivot.
+
+Pocit zpuÌ?sobilosti. Jsem odborniÌ?k na praniÌ? praÌ?dla. AsponÌ? na tohle. A je to i naÌ?bozÌ?enskaÌ? zkusÌ?enost. Voda, zemeÌ?, ohenÌ? - protipoÌ?ly jako mokryÌ? a suchyÌ?, horkyÌ? a studenyÌ?, sÌ?pinavyÌ? a cÌ?istyÌ?.
+
+Pilon z toho meÌ?l srdecÌ?niÌ? uÌ?lek. KlidneÌ? by byÌ?valy mohly prchnout, kdyby se neobjevil Bouaffesse, kteryÌ? Conchitu chytil za vlasy a Sidonisku za kuÌ?zÌ?i na boku: Kampak tak speÌ?chaÌ?te, no tak, zÌ?enskyÌ?, co?...
+
+PiliÌ?rÌ? mezi lesem a zkaÌ?zou, to je Solibo, chlapcÌ?e... Tak jakyÌ?pak neprÌ?iÌ?tel? JakyÌ?pak jed?... Ale inspektor ho skoro neposlouchal a Bouaffesse si spravoval paÌ?sku na psaciÌ?m stroji.
+
+"ProminÌ?te, ale na teÌ?to lince nejsou dovoleny zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? soukromeÌ? hovory," zazpiÌ?vala a zaveÌ?sila. VytocÌ?il cÌ?iÌ?slo potrÌ?etiÌ?. SdeÌ?lil operaÌ?torce, zÌ?e tady se vuÌ?bec nejednaÌ? o zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? soukromyÌ? hovor, tiÌ?m si muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t naprosto jista.
+
+"UzÌ? jsem to poslal tobeÌ?," rÌ?ekl Smiley trpeÌ?liveÌ?. "Prosil jsem teÌ? o soupis vysledovatelnyÌ?ch hovoruÌ?." "Hned se na to vrhnu," odpoveÌ?deÌ?l Lacon neurcÌ?iteÌ?. "Nic jineÌ?ho?" "Ne. MysliÌ?m, zÌ?e ne. Nic."
+
+nemusel si schovaÌ?vat zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? uÌ?cÌ?ty ani stvrzenky, kneÌ?z by brzy poznal, jestli je podvaÌ?diÌ?. MeÌ?l tyÌ?dneÌ? navsÌ?teÌ?vovat kliniku a platit uÌ?cÌ?et a infomovat se na diÌ?vcÌ?iny pokroky ;
+
+Zjistil, zÌ?e ji nemuÌ?zÌ?e udrzÌ?et pod vodou viÌ?c nezÌ? paÌ?r vterÌ?in, ze vsÌ?ech sil se rvala, a tak ji prudce staÌ?hl za nohy smeÌ?rem ke konci vany s kohoutkem... V tom okamzÌ?iku se jiÌ? hlava ocitla pod vodou a ztratila veÌ?domiÌ?.
+
+Philippa vstala a odnesla hrniÌ?cÌ?ky od cÌ?aje do drÌ?ezu, jeden umyla a postavila ho dnem vzhuÌ?ru na odkapaÌ?vacÌ?. "Tenhleten je jakoby od prÌ?edtiÌ?m," vysveÌ?tlila mu. " JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ?... deÌ?kuju ti. Ze meÌ? by byl mizernyÌ? zlocÌ?inec.
+
+PodiÌ?val se jiÌ? prÌ?es stuÌ?l do tvaÌ?rÌ?e - na silnyÌ? make - up a na maleÌ? rtiÌ?ky zkrÌ?iveneÌ? nelibostiÌ? - a nacÌ?erpal palivo pro sveÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? skoncovat s jejich vztahem jednou provzÌ?dy. KonecÌ?neÌ? dosÌ?lo na jeho daÌ?vnyÌ? slib a vysÌ?li si na vecÌ?erÌ?i do Trattorie Sorrento ;
+
+"VyÌ?borneÌ?," prÌ?itakala Joanna. "MorÌ?skou plaÌ?zÌ?. TedÌ? mi hezky rÌ?ekneÌ?te, o jakou plaÌ?zÌ? se jednaÌ?." Emily se zarazila a pootevrÌ?ela uÌ?sta, jako by meÌ?la odpoveÌ?dÌ? na jazyku. "V Los Angeles je prÌ?ece spousta plaÌ?zÌ?iÌ?," pokracÌ?ovala Joanna.
+
+VsadÌ?te se, zÌ?e se ani nebudu moc namaÌ?hat a sezÌ?enu ho. " "TrÌ?eba pozdeÌ?ji." Joanna vybeÌ?hla ven. JesÌ?teÌ? na chodbeÌ? myslela na Jakea. Jak dlouho uzÌ? spolu vlastneÌ? chodiÌ?? TrÌ?i, mozÌ?naÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?i roky.
+
+Tato zmeÌ?na vsÌ?ak jejiÌ? zÌ?ivot nijak neovlivnila. PraÌ?zdneÌ?, sÌ?ediveÌ? dny se podobaly jak vejce vejci a jedinyÌ? rozdiÌ?l spocÌ?iÌ?val v tom, zÌ?e se nenudila v IndianeÌ?, nyÌ?brzÌ? v Kalifornii. KdyzÌ? se jejiÌ? spolubydliÌ?ciÌ? vdala, zuÌ?stala Sally sama a vsÌ?echno se jesÌ?teÌ? zhorsÌ?ilo.
+
+"PaÌ?rkraÌ?t jsem s niÌ?m tancÌ?ila." "ViÌ?te, jak se jmenuje?" "Alex. PrÌ?iÌ?jmeniÌ? si ale nepamatuju." "Kdy jste ho videÌ?la naposledy?" "PocÌ?kejte..." pravila zÌ?ena a obraÌ?tila ocÌ?i ke stropu.
+
+Emma si prÌ?ehodila Joanninu ruku kolem ramen. "OprÌ?ete se o mne, vyvedu vaÌ?s ven." VypliÌ?zÌ?ily se na chodbu, prÌ?eplneÌ?nou lidmi. LeÌ?karÌ?i, sestry a osÌ?etrÌ?ovateleÌ? pobiÌ?hali mezi pacienty, kterÌ?iÌ? se navzaÌ?jem prÌ?ekrÌ?ikovali a hulaÌ?kali. Joanna vylekaneÌ? ziÌ?rala na neprostupnyÌ? dav.
+
+"A co lideÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? jsou u vaÌ?s zameÌ?stnaÌ?ni? MusiÌ? jich tady byÌ?t hodneÌ?. Nechoval neÌ?kdo vuÌ?cÌ?i vasÌ?emu synovi zaÌ?sÌ?tÌ??" " Ne. To je vyloucÌ?eno.
+
+"Ale ano, chci," ujistil ho Wolfe. " Je to jedna z veÌ?ciÌ?, v nichzÌ? vynikaÌ?m. SkutecÌ?neÌ? mluviÌ?m, jak chci. Ale nemiÌ?niÌ?m tiÌ?m nikoho urazit, mluviÌ?m pouze o ClydoveÌ? vnitrÌ?niÌ? jistoteÌ?.
+
+Je to svaÌ?zÌ?nice. DaÌ?l za potok se nedostali. Asi se jim nechteÌ?lo staveÌ?t most. Anebo uzÌ? svezli vsÌ?echno drÌ?evo. DeÌ?tem tenhle vyÌ?klad nestacÌ?iÌ?, a proto se jdou zeptat maÌ?my. MaÌ?ma prÌ?ipousÌ?tiÌ?, zÌ?e cesta maÌ? mozÌ?naÌ? neÌ?jakyÌ? tajnyÌ? smeÌ?r a zaÌ?hadneÌ? vyuÌ?steÌ?niÌ?.
+
+KdyzÌ? si Terezka steÌ?zÌ?ovala, rÌ?ekla maÌ?ma, zÌ?e se s tiÌ?m bude muset smiÌ?rÌ?it. Sen je vzÌ?dycky kraÌ?sneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? skutecÌ?nost, ale jsou neÌ?ktereÌ? vyÌ?jimky.
+
+veÌ?diÌ? vsÌ?echno. SÌ?li na naÌ?rodniÌ? vyÌ?bor a MilosÌ? Forman o tom vypravuje: Tam sedeÌ?l prÌ?edseda naÌ?rodniÌ?ho vyÌ?boru. KdyzÌ? jsme mu rÌ?ekli, zÌ?e hledaÌ?me ten domek a zÌ?e potrÌ?ebujeme zjistit, kde zÌ?ila Kafkova sestra, vyslechl naÌ?s a rÌ?ekl:
+
+rozhodl, zÌ?e prÌ?ejde most peÌ?sÌ?ky. Chlap cÌ?ekal u kamenneÌ?ho zaÌ?bradliÌ? a vrhl se na neÌ?j. ZacÌ?ali se rvaÌ?t, chteÌ?l Pavla prÌ?ehodit prÌ?es zaÌ?bradliÌ? mostu. Pavel se nohou zahaÌ?kl v zaÌ?bradliÌ? a chlap mu na tu nohu skocÌ?il a zlomil mu ji.
+
+Tak obycÌ?ejnyÌ? jmeÌ?no si snadno zapamatujesÌ?, i kdyzÌ? nemaÌ? zÌ?enskou koncovku. Vryl jsem si faÌ?dniÌ? jmeÌ?no do pameÌ?ti a vydal jsem se za literaÌ?rniÌ?m poslem prazÌ?skeÌ?ho samizdatu. Byl mizernyÌ? vecÌ?er, sniÌ?h a deÌ?sÌ?tÌ? a ostryÌ? viÌ?tr od jezera.
+
+ZÌ?e zlomiÌ? otcovo srdce? ZÌ?e se pro neÌ?ho Tereza utraÌ?piÌ?? ZÌ?e znicÌ?iÌ? zÌ?ivot Rebece? ZÌ?e jeho diÌ?teÌ? vyroste bez domova? PomuÌ?zÌ?e to? BozÌ?e, vzÌ?dytÌ? jsme byli takeÌ? jednou mladiÌ?. CozÌ?pak zastaviÌ? splasÌ?eneÌ?ho hrÌ?ebce domluva, zÌ?e ukope k smrti sveÌ?ho paÌ?na?
+
+A tentokraÌ?t jsem to mysliÌ?m vzal prÌ?es ObilnÌ?aÌ?k (StalingradskeÌ? naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ?) a kolem porodnice nahoru a na SÌ?pilberk jsem vylezl od pravoslavneÌ?ho kostela a ze SÌ?pilberku jsem se uzÌ? pomalu spustil prÌ?iÌ?mo doprostrÌ?ed lunaparku.
+
+MuÌ?zÌ?u vaÌ?m jednu daÌ?t, slecÌ?no. Hadi a zÌ?raloci na ovocnyÌ?ch stromech s fialovou korunou. NeniÌ? to pro lidi, kteryÌ?m ochrne srdce prÌ?i pohledu na tygra. PorÌ?aÌ?d lepsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? budovat atomovej socialismus. VojaÌ?ci bidlovali v kruhu kolem diÌ?vky.
+
+Soustrast? O pochopeniÌ? neÌ?cÌ?eho, co jeho manzÌ?elka chaÌ?pala jinak, jen zÌ?ensky a cÌ?iÌ?m ho mucÌ?ila i na daÌ?lku?) StraÌ?zÌ?nyÌ? zasÌ?lapal liÌ?stek do blaÌ?ta. Kdo by si komplikoval zÌ?ivot neÌ?cÌ?iÌ?m spojenyÌ?m s duÌ?stojniÌ?ky?
+
+Riko - Riko se diÌ?val do louzÌ?e: VystrojiÌ? se mu svatba. Rozchod, zavelel kapitaÌ?n. SlouzÌ?iÌ?me lidu, zarÌ?val prapor minus jeden muzÌ?. 20 Dvacet minut nato se kapitaÌ?n po speÌ?sÌ?neÌ? poradeÌ? na pluku a po telefonickeÌ?m vyrozumeÌ?niÌ? divize vydal do opusÌ?teÌ?nyÌ?ch vesnic.
+
+Posadil se ke stolu a polozÌ?il ruce na kolena. Po chviÌ?li si setrÌ?el pot z cÌ?ela a usmaÌ?l se. ElisÌ?ka prÌ?ed neÌ?j postavila taliÌ?rÌ? se syÌ?rovyÌ?mi chlebiÌ?cÌ?ky. Jako vsÌ?echno v teÌ?to domaÌ?cnosti, byl to taliÌ?rÌ? sveÌ?ho druhu dokonalyÌ?.
+
+Nebyl praÌ?veÌ? lehkyÌ?. Ale nepuÌ?jdete se mnou azÌ? tam. Nebojte se, rÌ?ekl a stydeÌ?l se, zÌ?e zrudl. Stoupali mlcÌ?ky prÌ?iÌ?krou uliciÌ?. Po obou stranaÌ?ch staÌ?ly meÌ?sÌ?tÌ?anskeÌ? domy a palaÌ?ce.
+
+ProsteÌ? jejich Orient, viÌ?sÌ?? Ta celaÌ? oblast se tedÌ? jmenuje Lemurie, kdezÌ?to ta druhaÌ? oblast, civilizovanaÌ?, poevropsÌ?teÌ?laÌ? a zamerikanizovanaÌ?, moderniÌ? a technicky vyspeÌ?laÌ?, je Atlantis.
+
+Takto bych nemohl daÌ?l, musiÌ?m s tiÌ?m prÌ?estat ; jde to prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? na nervy nebo co, - kdyzÌ? se ty dva hlasy haÌ?dajiÌ?, zacÌ?ne se ve mneÌ? trÌ?epetat srdce, a potom ciÌ?tiÌ?m takovou uleÌ?havou, sklicÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? bolest tady v prsou.
+
+NeÌ?kdy, vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ?, prÌ?ispeÌ?je, zapiÌ?sÌ?e si do kalendaÌ?rÌ?iÌ?cÌ?ku deset korun maÌ?meÌ?, porÌ?aÌ?d si zapisuje, porÌ?aÌ?d, vsÌ?ecko odjakzÌ?iva.
+
+"SpiÌ?sÌ??" zeptala se matka. "Ne. Ale je to lepsÌ?iÌ?," rÌ?ekla jsem, i kdyzÌ? nebylo. "Ta marjaÌ?nka je baÌ?jecÌ?naÌ?, vidÌ?? Poradila mi ji pani TroniÌ?cÌ?kovaÌ?." "Je, mami. PomaÌ?haÌ? ohromneÌ?."
+
+Hoch byl v nebi. Pak ho otec vzal na msÌ?i do biskupskeÌ?ho chraÌ?mu, kde mohl pozorovat zbozÌ?neÌ? se nudiÌ?ciÌ?ho cÌ?loveÌ?ka, kyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ?ho se podle zvuku varhan, a divit se tomu. Pak se vecÌ?er zase odjiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?lo domuÌ? a o HromniciÌ?ch se prÌ?ijelo znova.
+
+Za hlubokeÌ?ho dojmu vlozÌ?ena na to rakev do vyzdeÌ?neÌ?ho hrobu a rozechveÌ?liÌ? uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?ci pohrÌ?bu rozchaÌ?zeli se na vsÌ?e strany. BudizÌ? cÌ?est jeho pameÌ?ti! " Celou posledniÌ? straÌ?nku teÌ?hozÌ? posledniÌ?ho cÌ?iÌ?sla Slovana zaujalo podeÌ?kovaÌ?niÌ?, ktereÌ? zajisteÌ? teÌ?zÌ? slozÌ?il otec a ktereÌ? zneÌ?lo:
+
+V rÌ?iÌ?dnouciÌ?m sÌ?eru veÌ?ci tmaveÌ? se zdaÌ?ly cÌ?erneÌ? a veÌ?ci sveÌ?tleÌ? se zdaÌ?ly sÌ?edeÌ? a neÌ?meÌ?. I spiÌ?ciÌ? upoliÌ?ny byly sÌ?edeÌ? a neÌ?meÌ? a jejich kveÌ?ty se rozeznaly jen podle tvaru. Bez denniÌ?ho sveÌ?tla je lidskyÌ? tvor v prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ? barvoslepyÌ? a kveÌ?tina je neÌ?maÌ?.
+
+DverÌ?e se sÌ?oupaveÌ? otevrÌ?ely a dovnitrÌ? vrazil hlavu rozrusÌ?enyÌ? cÌ?iÌ?sÌ?niÌ?k, posel neÌ?jakeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?erneÌ? katastrofy, zasÌ?teÌ?kal svou zpraÌ?vu a paÌ?dil ji rozhlaÌ?sit do vedlejsÌ?iÌ?ho kupeÌ?.
+
+KraÌ?cÌ?eje po krÌ?upajiÌ?ciÌ? cesticÌ?ce, uvideÌ?l Martu, kteraÌ? staÌ?la na schodu verandy. MeÌ?la na sobeÌ? klobouk a moleskinovyÌ? kabaÌ?t a zkoumala podezrÌ?ele biÌ?lou oblohu, snazÌ?iÌ?c se rozhodnout, jestli maÌ? cÌ?i nemaÌ? otevrÌ?iÌ?t desÌ?tniÌ?k. KdyzÌ? si vsÌ?imla Franze, neusmaÌ?la se.
+
+"Je ti veÌ?rnaÌ?, ta tvoje kraÌ?lovna?" "Ihr ' blasse Lippe war rot im Kuss..." "VsadiÌ?m se, zÌ?e teÌ? podvaÌ?diÌ?." VzÌ?dytÌ? ti rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?m, je chladnaÌ? a racionaÌ?lniÌ?, ve vsÌ?em se krotiÌ?. Milenci!
+
+MusiÌ?sÌ? se ptaÌ?t kdy. " "No dobrÌ?e. Tak kdy byl jejiÌ? ciÌ?l?" Harry pokrcÌ?il rameny. "ZatiÌ?m zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? informace," odpoveÌ?deÌ?l. Zase ta zdrzÌ?enlivost, pomyslel si Norman. Co si Harry doopravdy mysliÌ??
+
+MozÌ?naÌ? se domniÌ?vaÌ?, zÌ?e mysliÌ?me ve spiraÌ?laÌ?ch. Nebo piÌ?sÌ?eme ve spiraÌ?laÌ?ch. " "SpraÌ?vneÌ?," souhlasila Beth. "Kdo viÌ?, co jsme to za divnaÌ? stvorÌ?eniÌ??"
+
+SaÌ?hl prÌ?es ni po klice vnitrÌ?niÌ?ch dverÌ?iÌ?. Bethino teÌ?lo mu lezÌ?elo v cesteÌ?. SnazÌ?il se ji odstrcÌ?it stranou. V omezeneÌ?m prostoru se nemohl dost oprÌ?iÌ?t. Beth byla jako nezÌ?ivaÌ? veÌ?c ; snazÌ?il se jejiÌ? teÌ?lo odstrcÌ?it, aby se dostal ke klice.
+
+Takovou odpoveÌ?dÌ? Duncan neocÌ?ekaÌ?val. A co jsem cÌ?ekal? Obranu PaÌ?na Leta? "Svatou oplzlost," opakoval Moneo. Ta slova mu z jazyku splynula takovyÌ?m toÌ?nem, jako by v nich nachaÌ?zel poteÌ?sÌ?eniÌ?. Idaho se na Monea paÌ?traveÌ? zadiÌ?val.
+
+Je prÌ?iÌ?myÌ?m protikladem vsÌ?eho mechanickeÌ?ho a nelidskeÌ?ho. Jak je to zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ?, Moneo, zÌ?e zrovna IksaneÌ? vytvorÌ?ili tuhle osobu, tak dokonale zteÌ?lesnÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? vsÌ?echny vlastnosti, ktereÌ? jsou mi nejdrazÌ?sÌ?iÌ?. " " NechaÌ?pu tu vasÌ?i naraÌ?zÌ?ku na SluzÌ?ebnickyÌ? dzÌ?ihaÌ?d, Pane.
+
+"ObcÌ?as." Malky se rozhleÌ?dl kolem sebe. "Kde jsou hurisky?" "BohuzÌ?el ti musiÌ?m to poteÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? uprÌ?iÌ?t, Malky." "To je dobrÌ?e," siÌ?pal Malky. " Na jejich pozÌ?adavky bych stejneÌ? nestacÌ?il.
+
+MusiÌ? prozkoumat celeÌ? meÌ?sto, celou mapu si z databanky ulozÌ?it do aktivniÌ? pameÌ?ti. Mohou tam byÌ?t i jineÌ? praÌ?zdnoty, stejneÌ? vyÌ?znamneÌ?. DrzÌ?el se sveÌ?ho plaÌ?nu paÌ?traÌ?niÌ?, postupoval od jihu k severu, od vyÌ?chodu k zaÌ?padu a zase zpeÌ?t.
+
+KalibaÌ?n zapnul svuÌ?j vlastniÌ? vestaveÌ?nyÌ? zdroj infracÌ?erveneÌ?ho sveÌ?tla a posviÌ?til si na cestu saÌ?m. TakeÌ? tunely byly staÌ?le horsÌ?iÌ?. Tady, pomeÌ?rneÌ? daleko od centra, byla veÌ?tsÌ?ina z nich poloopusÌ?teÌ?naÌ?, chladnaÌ?, vlhkaÌ?, sÌ?pinavaÌ? a zatuchlaÌ?.
+
+"VeÌ?deÌ?li jsem, zÌ?e v tom, co deÌ?laÌ?me, je urcÌ?iteÌ? riziko. Velmi pecÌ?liveÌ? jsme navrhovali matrice i celyÌ? proces. Dokonce jsme prÌ?ed KalibaÌ?nem postavili prototyp, nehybnou testovaciÌ? jednotku, a dali jsme ji Gubberovi, aby s niÌ? provedl dvojityÌ? slepyÌ? test."
+
+OdesiÌ?laÌ?m vasÌ?e prÌ?iÌ?kazy. OvsÌ?em moje dosavadniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?kazy meÌ? nutiÌ? prÌ?ipomenout vaÌ?m, zÌ?e s kazÌ?dyÌ?m zaÌ?sadniÌ?m pokrokem ve vysÌ?etrÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? maÌ? byÌ?t seznaÌ?mena Tonya WeltonovaÌ?. " " PosÌ?leme jiÌ? raÌ?no zpraÌ?vu. O tomhle se prosteÌ? hned tedÌ? nedozviÌ?.
+
+D. E. zakasÌ?lal ; dostal ze sebe celou sÌ?kaÌ?lu kasÌ?le od zakuckaÌ?niÌ? azÌ? po vysokyÌ? hrdelniÌ? zvuk. NaÌ?hle se D. E. rozzlobil.
+
+"To nemuÌ?zÌ?ou sakra zarÌ?iÌ?dit asponÌ? neÌ?jakou polniÌ? kuchynÌ??" Benno byl bez sebe vztekem. Po beranici mu steÌ?kal deÌ?sÌ?tÌ? a jeho rudaÌ? tvaÌ?rÌ? vyhliÌ?zÌ?ela vyÌ?hruzÌ?neÌ?. Z hlavniÌ? budovy se vyhrnuli paÌ?noveÌ? s modrocÌ?ervenyÌ?ma paÌ?skama. KazÌ?dyÌ? meÌ?l v ruce lejstro.
+
+PoviÌ?dat neÌ?co o povinnosti mneÌ?! "TriumfaÌ?lneÌ? Jsme odjeli z celnice, vsÌ?echna nasÌ?e zavazadla netknutaÌ? a bez prohliÌ?dky." MuÌ? feÌ?nete - ta holota si myslela, zÌ?e jim patrÌ?iÌ? ostrov, " poznamenal Spiros.
+
+V NEÌ?KTERYÌ?CH ODLEHLYÌ?CH MEÌ?STECH cÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ?ho vnitrozemiÌ? musiÌ? pryÌ? obchodniÌ?ci na tabule vyÌ?kladniÌ?ch skrÌ?iÌ?niÌ? namalovat naÌ?pis "ZÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? vchod", aby zabraÌ?nili pokusuÌ?m prostoduchyÌ?ch venkovanuÌ? projiÌ?t sklem. OBLEZÌ?ENIÌ? "Ano, milaÌ?cÌ?ku," rÌ?ekla Zita GraÌ?fovaÌ?.
+
+AU. Jsem matka vraha, ne, to tak neboliÌ?. I vrahoveÌ? smiÌ? v zÌ?alaÌ?rÌ?i lepit saÌ?cÌ?ky nebo draÌ?t husiÌ? perÌ?iÌ?. LehkaÌ? rucÌ?niÌ? praÌ?ce. Romana cÌ?ekaÌ? teÌ?zÌ?kaÌ? - AU AU au au. OblecÌ?en v trestaneckyÌ?ch hadrech...
+
+Kdyby mu tak do toho neÌ?kdo kopl, mysliÌ? si, takovaÌ? nemozÌ?naÌ? veÌ?c! Vezme flanel a beÌ?zÌ?iÌ? z oblakuÌ? k zrcadlu. Ale vtom lokomotiva piÌ?skne naposled a zaduniÌ? naÌ?razy kol. Stroj, horecÌ?kou rozpaÌ?lenyÌ?, se daÌ?vaÌ? do pohybu.
+
+SmutneÌ? se usmaÌ?l a sklonil hlavu. Pak se poroucÌ?el. ZavrÌ?ela za niÌ?m dverÌ?e, mracÌ?iÌ?c se. Stoupal do cÌ?tvrteÌ?ho patra a myslil na to, zÌ?e jeho dnesÌ?niÌ? naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?va u CÌ?iÌ?zÌ?kuÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e tu jeho vecÌ?erniÌ? veÌ?c jaksepatrÌ?iÌ? zdrzÌ?et.
+
+Hanbili se, zÌ?e jim ucÌ?eniÌ? nesÌ?lo do hlavy. Byli laskaviÌ?. A nemohu jim miÌ?t za zleÌ?, zÌ?e je tak sebralo, kdyzÌ? se jim narodily obludy. KazÌ?deÌ?ho by sebralo, kdyby se mu narodila Eliza a jaÌ?.
+
+Bazarbaj se na Bostona poocÌ?ku podiÌ?val a rÌ?ekl: " Nehraj to na meÌ?, Bostone. To sesÌ? na sÌ?patnyÌ? adrese. PrÌ?ece jsem nevzal vlcÌ?ata proto, abych je potom maÌ?lem s omluvama vracel. Moc si o sobeÌ? mysliÌ?sÌ?.
+
+- Byly tam taky cÌ?ernosÌ?ky? - - Ano. CÌ?ernosÌ?ky, Arabky, ZÌ?idovky, vsÌ?echny mozÌ?neÌ? odstiÌ?ny. - Viktor hledeÌ?l ke kuchyni. Adelheid tam prÌ?echaÌ?zela, pak prÌ?ivrÌ?ela dverÌ?e. - Taky jsem videÌ?l cÌ?ernosÌ?ku prÌ?ebarvenou na blondyÌ?nu. -
+
+Po sniÌ?dani si v pokoji zatopiÌ? a bude celyÌ? den cÌ?iÌ?st. Hladil si dlaniÌ? zÌ?aludek a zaklepal na dverÌ?e se dveÌ?ma ozdobnyÌ?mi korunkami. TentokraÌ?t nebylo zamcÌ?eno. OtocÌ?il klikou. Adelheid prÌ?echaÌ?zela prÌ?ed brousÌ?enyÌ?m zrcadlem. MeÌ?la na sobeÌ? jen sukni a boty.
+
+Adelheid se vraÌ?tila prÌ?ed niÌ?m a uzavrÌ?ela se do sveÌ?ho pokoje. K vecÌ?eru prÌ?isÌ?el vrchniÌ? straÌ?zÌ?mistr se soveÌ?tskyÌ?m samopalem. BiÌ?lyÌ? kozÌ?iÌ?sÌ?ek meÌ?l uvaÌ?lenyÌ? popelem a sazemi.
+
+- Svez bych teÌ?, Erno! - ProcÌ?? - No abys jela! - BojiÌ?m se Astora. - A meÌ?? Zase vyfouknu barevneÌ? bubliny. - Tebe maÌ?m raÌ?da.
+
+UÌ?let PakousÌ?. PeÌ?tadvacetiletej deÌ?lniÌ?k, normaÌ?lniÌ? pruÌ?meÌ?rnej kluk, secÌ?teÌ?lej Zappou, jazzovou sekciÌ?, cÌ?tvrtecÌ?niÌ?ma knizÌ?niÌ?ma novinkama, co v dzÌ?iÌ?novyÌ? bundeÌ? objiÌ?zÌ?diÌ? okresniÌ? bigbiÌ?ty a filmovyÌ? kluby. VobcÌ?as neÌ?jakaÌ? buchta, sklon k metalovyÌ? exhibici.
+
+Kurva, divnaÌ? veÌ?c, pomyslil si Kobliha. Nikdy mi nenapadlo, kde je tady vlastneÌ? sever. Slunce videÌ?t neniÌ? - Kobliha tedy opeÌ?t maÌ?chl rukou oniÌ?m elegickyÌ?m gestem a pravil: "PrÌ?ed naÌ?mi - sever."
+
+Pakujte se domuÌ?. Tohle neniÌ? nic pro vaÌ?s. Ani pro meÌ?. Kdybyste byl takovyÌ? spraÌ?vnyÌ? korÌ?en mezi cÌ?tyrÌ?iceti a padesaÌ?ti, to neznaÌ?m slitovaÌ?niÌ?, ale s vaÌ?ma by to nebylo feÌ?r. "
+
+U vrat ho potkal domovniÌ?k Gimazetdin. "DiÌ?ky, pane Tiverzine," usÌ?kliÌ?bl se. "Nedopustil jste Jusupa ubliÌ?zÌ?it, jaÌ? budu vaÌ?s do smrti modlit." " Co teÌ? to napadlo, Gimazetdine, jakyÌ? jaÌ? jsem u tebe paÌ?n.
+
+PrÌ?espiÌ?te u meÌ?. ZavzpomiÌ?naÌ?me, pohovorÌ?iÌ?me si. MaÌ?m vaÌ?m co poveÌ?deÌ?t " "VraÌ?til se posel? MaÌ?te neÌ?jakeÌ? informace o Varykinu?" " O nasÌ?ich a vasÌ?ich nebylo ve zpraÌ?veÌ? ani slovo. Ale praÌ?veÌ? proto jsem optimista.
+
+Nepoznal jsem teÌ?. Ale i kdyzÌ? sesÌ? ZÌ?elvak, pustit teÌ? stejneÌ? nemuÌ?zÌ?u. VsÌ?echno musiÌ? byÌ?t podle rozkazu. " "No - prominÌ?. Heslo - RudaÌ? SibirÌ?, odpoveÌ?dÌ? - PrycÌ? s interventy." " To je neÌ?co jineÌ?ho.
+
+VsÌ?ichni kromeÌ? TatÌ?jany a neÌ?kolika vojaÌ?kuÌ? vozku obstoupili a uprosÌ?ovali ho, aby nevyprÌ?ahal a odvezl je, kam potrÌ?ebujiÌ?, samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? zÌ?e ne zadarmo. VojaÌ?k odmiÌ?tal, poneÌ?vadzÌ? nemeÌ?l praÌ?vo disponovat s konÌ?mi a s vozem a musel se rÌ?iÌ?dit rozkazy, ktereÌ? dostal.
+
+MusiÌ?me o tom tedÌ? mluvit? NemusiÌ?me. Ale raÌ?da bych ti to jednou provzÌ?dy vyjasnila. Tak vyjasnÌ?uj, holubicÌ?ko. PrvniÌ?ho kluka jsem meÌ?la, azÌ? kdyzÌ? taÌ?ta umrÌ?el. To mi bylo devatenaÌ?ct, cozÌ? mi neprÌ?ipadaÌ? extra brzo. TobeÌ? snad jo?
+
+- "SÌ?vyÌ?carskaÌ? selka by ti to udeÌ?lala sÌ?picÌ?kou jazyka." - "VyliÌ?znula?" - "Jo, m - m - maÌ?m t - t - to zkusit?" - "Jasan," rÌ?ekla.
+
+Jsem si jist, zÌ?e doktorka Blanche SchwartzmannovaÌ? by za takovyÌ? libidosen pro svuÌ?j archiÌ?v vysolila peÌ?knyÌ? baliÌ?k sÌ?ilinkuÌ?. Zbytek byl nanesÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? cÌ?isteÌ? eklektickyÌ?.
+
+Nojo. BojiÌ?sÌ? se Ivany. PrÌ?irozeneÌ? by mi nebylo jedno, kdyby meÌ? kvuÌ?li tobeÌ? zavrÌ?eli. Za meÌ? uzÌ? se nezaviÌ?raÌ?. MneÌ? je sedmnaÌ?ct prycÌ?. Tak kdybych dostal padaÌ?ka. Toho bys taky nedostal. Dyby sis meÌ? vzal, tak ne.
+
+NezÌ? jsem sÌ?el spaÌ?t, prÌ?ecÌ?etl jsem si znova prvniÌ? cÌ?laÌ?nek jeho pozdeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ho seriaÌ?lu: ten, na kteryÌ? mu odepsal paÌ?ter Urbanec.
+
+12) PrÌ?iÌ?sÌ?erneÌ? vyvaÌ?deÌ?la, Danny, rÌ?iÌ?kala. ZÌ?e FisÌ?era nechce ani videÌ?t, se zraÌ?dcem zÌ?e mluvit nebude, zÌ?e by ho nejradsÌ?i vlastniÌ? rukou usÌ?krtila. JecÌ?ela tak deÌ?sneÌ?, azÌ? jiÌ? saÌ?m bacharÌ? rÌ?ek: SouzÌ?ko, snad zÌ?e byste mu rÌ?ekla asponÌ? paÌ?r slov.
+
+JaÌ? vim, zÌ?e naÌ?m chcete mlaÌ?dezÌ? vodcizit! Ale to se vaÌ?m nepovede! NejdrÌ?iÌ?v dzÌ?ez, bigbiÌ?t, a tedÌ?kon esÌ?teÌ? naÌ?bozÌ?enskyÌ? bludy, jo? Ale to my tak nenechaÌ?me! My neÌ?! Kdo: My? opakoval JuÌ?zl.
+
+V sejfu. TaÌ?mhle. UkaÌ?zala nohou na malyÌ? trezor na knihovneÌ?, kam zamykala dopisy od svyÌ?ch milcuÌ? prÌ?ed zÌ?aÌ?rlivyÌ?m, ale odporu neschopnyÌ?m dr. Robertem Neumannem. V meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ?m sveÌ?tle meÌ?la tu nohu nestydateÌ? nahou. Ale nevzrusÌ?ilo meÌ? to. SÌ?lo mi o svobodu.
+
+Sylvo, nech je racÌ?i bejt, rÌ?ekl jsem. Tak atÌ? meÌ? asponÌ? nechaj ten kufr vodemknout, sakra! DytÌ? je to fungl novej kufr! StaÌ?l maÌ?lem stovku v TuÌ?zu a voni s tou motykou - VysveÌ?tlil jsem nabiÌ?dku duÌ?stojniÌ?kovi.
+
+LaÌ?sku? rÌ?ekl jsem. Nebo nenaÌ?vist? PrÌ?etvaÌ?rÌ?ku? Tvrdost? Bezohlednost? Z ocÌ?iÌ? LaurÌ?e zmizel vsÌ?echen uÌ?smeÌ?v, i sarkastickyÌ?. RÌ?ekla: ZatiÌ?m zÌ?ijeme porÌ?aÌ?d jesÌ?teÌ? v rozdeÌ?leneÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ?.
+
+MeÌ?la ocÌ?i jako fialky, pletÌ? jako lilie, uÌ?sta jako rudyÌ? maÌ?k a zoubky jako sneÌ?zÌ?enky. MeÌ?la hlubokou dusÌ?i a vaÌ?zÌ?nou znaÌ?most. Pavel nebyl tak elegantniÌ? jako muzÌ?i, kterÌ?iÌ? kupovali kosÌ?e kveÌ?tin operetniÌ?m zpeÌ?vacÌ?kaÌ?m, byltÌ? deÌ?lniÌ?kem v dolech.
+
+Do brneÌ?niÌ? vlezl, aby se nepopaÌ?lil. ProcÌ? ten naÌ?cÌ?elniÌ?k hasicÌ?uÌ? prÌ?ed niÌ?m utiÌ?kal, neviÌ?.
+
+Mnoho lidiÌ? se probouzelo do naÌ?dherneÌ?ho raÌ?na bez jakeÌ?hokoli prÌ?edsevzetiÌ?, ale pan Fest, raneÌ?nyÌ? zlatyÌ?m paprskem, odesÌ?el do lesuÌ?, aby si nebezpecÌ?nou sluzÌ?bou vlasti leÌ?cÌ?il svou tajnou melancholii.
+
+KdyzÌ? Jelen a HuliÌ?n zvedli smontovanyÌ? kulomet, jeho jednotliveÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti se viklaly a podlamovaly, ale drzÌ?ely pohromadeÌ?.
+
+KdyzÌ? maÌ?me kraÌ?le, potrÌ?ebujeme i kraÌ?lovnu. Tak mi ji vyvolte, rÌ?ekl SÌ?teÌ?paÌ?n. PrÌ?edstoupilo neÌ?kolik deÌ?vcÌ?at a MikesÌ? rÌ?ekl: KraÌ?lovnu si musiÌ?sÌ? vyvolit saÌ?m, SÌ?teÌ?paÌ?ne. To je tvoje veÌ?c.
+
+Nakonec maÌ?me svobodu, to je duÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?. Svoboda je duÌ?lezÌ?itaÌ?, ale je pro cÌ?loveÌ?ka, rÌ?ekl otec. NapaÌ?lka vystoupil jako skeptik: Co uzÌ? je cÌ?loveÌ?k. Kamil rÌ?ekl: CÌ?loveÌ?k je duÌ?lezÌ?itaÌ? bytost. NapaÌ?lka: JaÌ? mysliÌ?m: Co je cÌ?loveÌ?k proti naÌ?rodu?
+
+sledovaly zvlneÌ?niÌ? tereÌ?nu a lemovaly jeho zaÌ?dumcÌ?iveÌ? prolaÌ?klinya to z velice dobreÌ?ho duÌ?vodu. Podobu krajiny navrhli stejniÌ? architekti, kterÌ?iÌ? navrhovali domy. V plocheÌ?m kukurÌ?icÌ?neÌ?m poli vyryÌ?paly buldozery trÌ?i jeziÌ?rka a zÌ?uloveÌ? balvany pohaÌ?zeneÌ? kolem navozili azÌ? z Wiskonsinu.
+
+Hele, braÌ?cho. MaÌ?m to vsÌ?echno nalajnovanyÌ?. RÌ?eknesÌ? mi dalsÌ?iÌ? cÌ?iÌ?sla a o vejhru se sÌ?aÌ?bnem napuÌ?l. Filantrop se rozesmaÌ?l. HihnÌ?al se a sÌ?kliÌ?bil a chechtal jako pravyÌ? sÌ?iÌ?lenec, jako by opravdu patrÌ?il na postel, k niÌ?zÌ? byl prÌ?ipoutaÌ?n.
+
+To, to naÌ?s nutiÌ? dbaÌ?t... ' "Babka prÌ?ivrÌ?ela ocÌ?i." TakzÌ?e vy jste vlastneÌ? vuÌ?bec zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? sen nechteÌ?la. "Marie sebrala znova odvahu a zadiÌ?vala se zÌ?eneÌ? do ocÌ?iÌ?." Smrt, stejneÌ? jako sny, je ruÌ?zneÌ? drahaÌ?.
+
+"Ty chcesÌ?, abych si teÌ? vzala?" "PrÌ?esneÌ? tak." "Jsi blaÌ?zen!" Thor se susÌ?e zasmaÌ?l. "To bezesporu jsem. Ale vyrÌ?esÌ?iÌ? to tvoje probleÌ?my a moje takeÌ?." " A vznikne tisiÌ?c novyÌ?ch.
+
+Jako kdyzÌ? vaÌ?m ukaÌ?zÌ?ou medviÌ?dka, ktereÌ?ho jste nevideÌ?li padesaÌ?t let, a vy ho poznaÌ?te. Paul, rÌ?iÌ?kala si v duchu a usmiÌ?vala se. Ten uÌ?smeÌ?v pak zuÌ?stal na jejiÌ?ch uÌ?stech, i kdyzÌ? uzÌ? zase zapomneÌ?la jeho duÌ?vod. Byla unavenaÌ? a vsÌ?echno ji unavovalo.
+
+naleÌ?zaÌ? se mimo kauzaÌ?lniÌ? zrÌ?eteÌ?zeniÌ? udaÌ?lostiÌ?, jiÌ?mzÌ? je prÌ?iÌ?beÌ?h. Je pouhou sterilniÌ? naÌ?hodou, kteraÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t vynechaÌ?na, anizÌ? tiÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?beÌ?h ztratiÌ? svou srozumitelnou souvislost, a v zÌ?ivoteÌ? postav neniÌ? s to zanechat zÌ?aÌ?dnou trvalou stopu.
+
+NaÌ?sÌ? paÌ?n, jenzÌ? pravidelneÌ? chodil kazÌ?dyÌ? den na neÌ?kolik hodin na hliÌ?dku do hlavniÌ? veÌ?zÌ?e, brzo zmeÌ?nil svuÌ?j naÌ?zor na Kotyovo vojsko. CÌ?asto se zminÌ?oval o tom, zÌ?e mu nechybiÌ? ani odvaha, ani obratnost a zkusÌ?enost v boji.
+
+, NeveÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m ti, Ovidie, ` pokracÌ?oval Augustus,, rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? se sice, zÌ?e baÌ?sniÌ?ci jsou lideÌ? chodiÌ?ciÌ? s hlavou ve hveÌ?zdaÌ?ch, prÌ?esto ti neveÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m.
+
+Hned raÌ?no, kdyby ses podivala, to bys videÌ?la, kolik je tady chlapuÌ?. PrÌ?ijedou RakusÌ?aÌ?ci: DojcÌ? sÌ?preÌ?chn? Nychts? - a kazÌ?dej, co neumiÌ? ani kvaÌ?knout, se muÌ?zÌ?e ujajat.
+
+NeÌ?mecky porÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? neumiÌ?, a uzÌ? vytahoval z nÌ?aÌ?kyÌ? coury prachy. UÌ?plnej snÌ?atkovej podvodniÌ?k. " "No ale jak..."
+
+hlaveÌ? vedle smrduteÌ?ho popelniÌ?ku. DeÌ?ti chodily tisÌ?e za dverÌ?mi a ona jim pravila, zÌ?e taÌ?tu boliÌ? hlava, protozÌ?e nemohl spaÌ?t. KazÌ?dyÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?k chce v rozbitiÌ? svyÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? zacÌ?iÌ?t neÌ?co daÌ?vat neÌ?jak dohromady. Dcerka mu prÌ?isÌ?la
+
+"Na nic si nevzpomiÌ?naÌ?m." "NeÌ?jakeÌ? osobniÌ? probleÌ?my?" "NemaÌ?m tusÌ?eniÌ? - ale jestli se mu neÌ?co stalo, polovina deÌ?vek ve meÌ?steÌ? vyhlaÌ?siÌ? smutek." Nordlund z toho nemeÌ?l dobryÌ? pocit.
+
+Kde je Hideo? " "MleÌ?ko a cukr, pane Nordlunde?" Nakamura staÌ?l ve vyÌ?klenku a prÌ?ipravoval kaÌ?vu. "ObojiÌ?." OtocÌ?il se zpaÌ?tky k Cyd. "VcÌ?era odpoledne jsem dal vyÌ?poveÌ?dÌ?. Ani jsem tam doluÌ? dnes nechteÌ?l chodit."
+
+Potom polkla: "Dojdi pro ni, braÌ?sÌ?ko." Brandon vyndal z mrazaÌ?ku dalsÌ?iÌ? dva litry mandloveÌ? zmrzliny s krÌ?upkami. NedopustiÌ?, aby ho neÌ?jakyÌ? treneÌ?r K sekyÌ?roval. Bude-li se Brandon chtiÌ?t koukat, jak
+
+Ale bylo jesÌ?teÌ? cÌ?asneÌ? raÌ?no a plaÌ?zÌ? byla teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? praÌ?zdnaÌ? - no, ta blondyÌ?nka, co se tam opalovala, to bylo neÌ?co jineÌ?ho. Jsou koneckoncuÌ? urcÌ?iteÌ? veÌ?ci, ktereÌ? vitaÌ?lniÌ? a muzÌ?nyÌ? rozvedenyÌ? AmericÌ?an prosteÌ? nemuÌ?zÌ?e ignorovat.
+
+Dokonce i vzduch byl ciÌ?tit neÌ?jak jinak. Byl uÌ?zÌ?asneÌ? sveÌ?zÌ?iÌ?, mnohem cÌ?erstveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? a zemiteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?. Tady vlaÌ?dla prÌ?iÌ?roda s vesÌ?kerou svou divokostiÌ?, a proti niÌ? vypadal cÌ?loveÌ?k uÌ?plneÌ? nepatrneÌ? a bezvyÌ?znamneÌ?. Jako by to bylo milioÌ?ny kilometruÌ? od civilizace, korupce a zlocÌ?innosti velkyÌ?ch meÌ?st.
+
+Krachli sme a bylo to peÌ?knyÌ?, dotedÌ?, ale jaÌ? musim uzÌ? jiÌ?t. Je mi to moc rychlyÌ?, rÌ?ekl jsem. VsÌ?echno je rychlyÌ?, podotk Bohler. Kam pudesÌ? ty, Sutano, optal jsem se. Asi za Hejkama. Na SkaÌ?lu.
+
+MusiÌ?sÌ? se taky trochu odreagovat! ProsiÌ?iÌ?iÌ?iÌ?m, "zÌ?adonila Brenda." ViÌ?sÌ? co, jaÌ? se rozhodnu podle toho, azÌ? co vsÌ?echno dneska odpoledne stihnu. Jestli udeÌ?laÌ?m vsÌ?echno podle plaÌ?nu, tak vecÌ?er budu u tebe. SouhlasiÌ?sÌ?? "
+
+Jsem sevrÌ?enyÌ? v tepleÌ?m uÌ?doliÌ? mezi puÌ?lkama.
+
+PrÌ?ikryl ho. JesÌ?teÌ? chviÌ?li u neÌ?j zuÌ?stal sedeÌ?t a pak se taky svleÌ?kl. Jen ve spodniÌ?ch kalhotkaÌ?ch se postavil do krÌ?esla a diÌ?val se na sebe do zrcadla nad umyvadlem. NeprÌ?iÌ?jemnyÌ? shluk hlasuÌ? na chodbeÌ? siÌ?lil.
+
+AnneÌ? urcÌ?iteÌ? taky. HledaÌ? zaÌ?chranu u stolu MosteckyÌ?ch, ale Vladislav v zaÌ?palu spravedliveÌ?ho boje se ji snazÌ?iÌ? od nich odtaÌ?hnout. Nakonec strhli ubrus i s tajemstviÌ?m sÌ?eÌ?fa kuchyneÌ?.
+
+I oni sami mu cÌ?asto prÌ?ipomiÌ?najiÌ?, zÌ?e tu veÌ?cÌ?neÌ? nebudou. Jak je maÌ?m milovat? Jak maÌ?m milovat MarkeÌ?tu, kdyzÌ? jsem jiÌ? lhostejnyÌ?, jak maÌ?m milovat Janu, kdyzÌ? je azÌ? ve ViÌ?dni? Kdybych umeÌ?l liÌ?p zpiÌ?vat, tak bych trÌ?eba saÌ?m nebyl.
+
+NeviÌ?m, zda to stihnu. RÌ?iÌ?tiÌ?m se hlubinami a neviÌ?m, kde jsem. KlesaÌ?m uzÌ? ke dnu? CÌ?as mi proteÌ?kaÌ? mezi prsty. NeviÌ?m, zda tohle je zacÌ?aÌ?tek. PrÌ?ede mnou lezÌ?iÌ? moje ruka, drzÌ?iÌ? pero, pohybuje se.
+
+Dokonce dvakraÌ?t. Jenom abych to nezakrÌ?iknul. RadeÌ?ji o tom nebudu mluvit. Lidi by mi ze zaÌ?visti nahaÌ?zeli klacky pod nohy, jenom aby mi cestu vlakem prÌ?ekazili. - To by prÌ?ece nikdo neudeÌ?lal, opustit diÌ?teÌ? a uzÌ? se nevraÌ?tit.
+
+TedÌ? uzÌ? veÌ?deÌ?la, procÌ? se jiÌ? ty dokumenty zdaÌ?ly znaÌ?meÌ?. Byl to NickuÌ?v charakteristickyÌ? rukopis, kteryÌ? dobrÌ?e znala. Jak to, zÌ?e si toho nevsÌ?imla okamzÌ?iteÌ?? HorecÌ?neÌ? prolistovala straÌ?nky projektu a zjistila, zÌ?e chybiÌ? praÌ?veÌ? ta, na ktereÌ? se uvaÌ?diÌ? jmeÌ?no autora.
+
+V sousedniÌ? koÌ?ji byla umiÌ?steÌ?na sprcha s teplou a studenou vodou. MeÌ?la vlastniÌ? osveÌ?tleniÌ?, Tvrz rozsviÌ?til a pohleÌ?dl do zrcadla na steÌ?neÌ?. Pozoroval svou podobu a v kapse pocinkaÌ?val obeÌ?ma sveÌ?rÌ?enyÌ?mi kliÌ?cÌ?i. Ten zvuk ho zneklidnÌ?oval.
+
+Byl to vlastneÌ? sklep, kteryÌ? puÌ?sobil dojmem skladisÌ?teÌ? odlozÌ?eneÌ?ho haraburdiÌ?. Zdi byly vyzdobeny koly od zÌ?ebrÌ?inÌ?aÌ?kuÌ?, rozporkami a zveÌ?tsÌ?eninami karnevalovyÌ?ch masek s ustrnulyÌ?mi sÌ?kleby.
+
+PoslysÌ?te, pane, jednu otaÌ?zku, prosiÌ?m, zarazil ho naÌ?hle hlas hlavniÌ?ho vraÌ?tneÌ?ho. MaÌ?te vuÌ?bec v uÌ?myslu opustit pasaÌ?zÌ?? NeÌ?co takoveÌ?ho byste mi musel bezpodmiÌ?necÌ?neÌ? hlaÌ?sit. Dobrou noc, opakoval Tvrz po vterÌ?ineÌ? a znovu vykrocÌ?il.
+
+U filmu zmeÌ?niÌ? kazÌ?deÌ?mu jmeÌ?no, zejmeÌ?na kdyzÌ? jde o Jordacha. RÌ?eknou ti, zÌ?e by stejneÌ? nikdo neveÌ?deÌ?l, jak se to vyslovuje. " "To vuÌ?bec neniÌ? sÌ?patnyÌ? naÌ?pad," rÌ?ekl Wesley. " MysliÌ?m zmeÌ?nit si jmeÌ?no.
+
+"Lidi mi porÌ?aÌ?d nabiÌ?zej kaÌ?vu," rÌ?ekl otraÌ?veneÌ? Donnelly. "PrÌ?ipadaÌ? mi to ponizÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ?. KaÌ?vu prÌ?iÌ?mo nenaÌ?vidiÌ?m." "ObaÌ?vaÌ?m se, zÌ?e k pitiÌ? tu nemaÌ?m nic tvrdsÌ?iÌ?ho," rÌ?ekla Gretchen, prÌ?estozÌ?e veÌ?deÌ?la, zÌ?e ve skrÌ?iÌ?nÌ?ce stojiÌ? lahev skotskeÌ?.
+
+"JaÌ? viÌ?m, co tady celou tu dobu mezi vaÌ?ma bylo," rÌ?ekl muzÌ?, "nemysli si, zÌ?e ne. Kurvo." "Uklidni se, Jacku, prosiÌ?m teÌ?," rÌ?ekla Frances opatrneÌ?. MuzÌ? ji uderÌ?il do oblicÌ?eje.
+
+Znovu si prÌ?ejel rukama oblicÌ?ej a pomalu a teÌ?zÌ?kopaÌ?dneÌ? odkraÌ?cÌ?el k vyÌ?tahu. PrÌ?edtiÌ?m mi vlastneÌ? nikdy nedosÌ?lo, jak hrozneÌ? zestaÌ?rnul, rÌ?iÌ?kal si Billy, kdyzÌ? se dverÌ?e vyÌ?tahu otevrÌ?ely a pak zase za stryÌ?cem zavrÌ?ely. RaÌ?no spolecÌ?neÌ? posniÌ?dali v hoteloveÌ? jiÌ?delneÌ?.
+
+"ChcesÌ? jiÌ?t se mnou?" "Ne." Wesley si Billyho zkoumaveÌ? prohliÌ?zÌ?el. "Co si o tom vsÌ?em mysliÌ?sÌ??" zeptal se. "Jsem podeÌ?lanej strachy," odpoveÌ?deÌ?l Billy, "za naÌ?s za vsÌ?echny."
+
+Na chodbeÌ? ve trÌ?etiÌ?m patrÌ?e, "rÌ?ekl zpod deky pan Prag." Jmenuje se Lavatory! "
+
+"NaÌ?sÌ?up!" PolyvinylchloridovyÌ? sniÌ?h pokryl dlazÌ?bu Stanton Street, strÌ?echu stareÌ? fordky "T", deÌ?tskyÌ? kocÌ?aÌ?rek, drÌ?eveÌ?nou boudu, kaÌ?ru i vyÌ?veÌ?sniÌ? sÌ?tiÌ?t indickeÌ? videopuÌ?jcÌ?ovny TOBACCO rÌ?ezniÌ?ka J. POLLACKA.
+
+Karla podmiÌ?nku splnÌ?ovala i ocÌ?ividneÌ?. Byla hneÌ?dovlasaÌ? s neÌ?kteryÌ?mi prameny do cÌ?erna a s jinyÌ?mi do cÌ?ehosi letneÌ? vybeÌ?leneÌ?ho cÌ?i dojemneÌ? a poutaveÌ? sÌ?ediveÌ?ho.
+
+SiÌ?la teÌ?ch pazÌ?iÌ? a sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?e ramen v uniformeÌ?. TintiÌ?tko JirÌ?iÌ?? Nikdy. Ale jeho i muÌ?j pohyb znamenajiÌ?ciÌ? rozpoznaÌ?niÌ? nastal zaÌ?rovenÌ?. VeÌ?tsÌ?ina naÌ?kladu se po nasÌ?em objetiÌ? valila po schodech doluÌ?. NasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? sbeÌ?racÌ?uÌ? bylo dost.
+
+Jemu, TockeÌ?mu, je ovsÌ?em nadmiÌ?ru zateÌ?zÌ?ko s niÌ? o tom hovorÌ?it.
+
+Nakonec se taÌ?zaveÌ? podiÌ?vala na Varju. "To mu dnes sama darovala," rÌ?ekla Varja, "a vecÌ?er se mezi nimi vsÌ?echno rozhodne." "Dnes vecÌ?er!" zoufale polohlasem opakovala Nina Alexandrovna.
+
+CozÌ? bych mohl prÌ?edpoklaÌ?dat, zÌ?e s takovou veÌ?ciÌ? maÌ?te neÌ?co spolecÌ?neÌ?ho?... Jste dnes zrÌ?ejmeÌ? neÌ?jak rozladeÌ?n. "Objal kniÌ?zÌ?ete a poliÌ?bil ho." TotizÌ?, s jakou ' takovou ' veÌ?ciÌ?? NeviÌ?m o zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? ' takoveÌ? ' veÌ?ci. "
+
+"A vy uzÌ? jste pocÌ?iÌ?tal i minuty, zatiÌ?mco jsem spal, Jevgeniji PavlovicÌ?i," pokracÌ?oval posmeÌ?sÌ?neÌ?, " vsÌ?ak jste celyÌ? vecÌ?er ze mne nespustil ocÌ?i, videÌ?l jsem to... AÌ?, RogozÌ?in!
+
+Ale Charles nemeÌ?l vuÌ?bec zÌ?aÌ?dnou ctizÌ?aÌ?dost! NeÌ?jakyÌ? leÌ?karÌ? z Yvetot ho jednou zahanbil prÌ?iÌ?mo u luÌ?zÌ?ka nemocneÌ?ho prÌ?ed shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?nyÌ?mi prÌ?iÌ?buznyÌ?mi. KdyzÌ? jiÌ? Charles vecÌ?er tu prÌ?iÌ?hodu vypraÌ?veÌ?l, Ema se nad oniÌ?m kolegou hlasiteÌ? rozhorÌ?cÌ?ovala. Charlese to dojalo.
+
+Ale sdiÌ?lela s niÌ?m asi cÌ?tyrÌ?i peÌ?t let toho biÌ?dneÌ?ho zÌ?ivota, jak naÌ?m ho popsal tady u toho krbu, a zdaÌ? se, zÌ?e se mu jiÌ? zzÌ?elelo a chteÌ?l ji usÌ?etrÌ?it.
+
+Bylo to zajiÌ?maveÌ?, byÌ?t opeÌ?t jednou v tom klidneÌ?m stareÌ?m meÌ?stecÌ?ku, a nebylo neprÌ?iÌ?jemneÌ?, kdyzÌ? meÌ? lideÌ? co chviÌ?li naÌ?hle poznaÌ?vali a diÌ?vali se za mnou.
+
+Haendle, muÌ?j - oho! ProsiÌ?m za prominutiÌ?. " NaÌ?hle se v dalsÌ?iÌ?m rÌ?ecÌ?neÌ?niÌ? a potrÌ?aÌ?saÌ?niÌ? rukou se mnou zarazil, nebotÌ? spatrÌ?il Provise.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?val adrenalinu, kteryÌ? prÌ?edtiÌ?m pociÌ?til v souvislosti s prÌ?edbeÌ?zÌ?nou diagnoÌ?zou horecÌ?ky SkalistyÌ?ch hor, pozvolna ustupoval frustraci. MeÌ?l pocit, zÌ?e neucÌ?inil zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? pokrok. ZazvoneÌ?niÌ? telefonu jej vydeÌ?silo a vytrhlo ze skleslosti. VolajiÌ?ciÌ? se prÌ?edstavil jako doktor Gary Eckhart, mikrobiolog z meÌ?stskeÌ? referencÌ?niÌ? laboratorÌ?e.
+
+Ale jak uzÌ? jsem rÌ?ekla, meÌ?li jsme tu chrÌ?ipky po celou zimu. "ChrÌ?ipkovyÌ? zaÌ?pal plic?" "Pravda, ten ne," prÌ?ipustila. " Dnes raÌ?no jsem jednu osobu pozÌ?aÌ?dal o proveÌ?rÌ?eniÌ?, zda jsou v nemocnici jesÌ?teÌ? neÌ?jakeÌ? jineÌ? podobneÌ? prÌ?iÌ?pady.
+
+NadeÌ?je je sice slabaÌ?, ale jaÌ? se pokousÌ?iÌ?m najiÌ?t duÌ?kazy jakyÌ?mkoliv zpuÌ?sobem. V kazÌ?deÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ?: to co vaÌ?m tu tedÌ? navrhuju, neposÌ?kodiÌ? nikoho kromeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? vaÌ?s samotneÌ?, pokud nebudete opatrnaÌ?. " "Budu to miÌ?t na pameÌ?ti," rÌ?ekla Kathy.
+
+KdyzÌ? staÌ?l prÌ?iÌ?mo prÌ?ed elektrickou kytarou, mohl videÌ?t vyÌ?lohou dovnitrÌ?. Napravo se taÌ?hl pult se skleneÌ?nou deskou. Za niÌ?m spatrÌ?il muzÌ?e s kniÌ?rem a punkovskyÌ?m uÌ?cÌ?esem. Na sobeÌ? meÌ?l vojenskeÌ? maskaÌ?cÌ?e. Vzadu v obchodeÌ? byla plexisklovaÌ? koÌ?je, kteraÌ? vypadala jako bankovniÌ? prÌ?epaÌ?zÌ?ka.
+
+"Dohodnuto." Eva ho chaÌ?pala prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? dobrÌ?e, nezÌ? aby se s niÌ?m prÌ?ela. VeÌ?deÌ?la, zÌ?e si vzala muzÌ?e s ohneÌ?m v srdci. A svyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem praÌ?veÌ? tento ohenÌ? zahrÌ?iÌ?val jejich manzÌ?elstviÌ?. NechteÌ?la mu staÌ?t v cesteÌ?.
+
+Chvilku jsem pocÌ?kala a potom znovu zavolala. ZmocnÌ?ovala se meÌ? strasÌ?naÌ? panika, rozechviÌ?vala mi vsÌ?echny kosti v teÌ?le. ZdaÌ?lo se mi, zÌ?e se mi nohy co nejdrÌ?iÌ?v podlomiÌ? strachem. "Draku!"
+
+Ani jeden z leÌ?karÌ?uÌ? v naÌ?s nechteÌ?l zanechaÌ?vat planeÌ? nadeÌ?je. Jejich slova, acÌ? realistickaÌ?, se do naÌ?s zabodaÌ?vala ostrÌ?e jako sÌ?ipky. VraÌ?tili jsme se s tatÌ?kou k Pierrovi, abychom ho ujistili, zÌ?e jedeme hledat mamku, a zÌ?e mu ji co nejdrÌ?iÌ?v prÌ?ivezeme.
+
+"PrÌ?esto," pokracÌ?ovala matka, "kdybych neutekla, vy byste za mnou nemuseli jezdit..." " Je po vsÌ?em. NeozÌ?ivujme minulost.
+
+Velice sÌ?patneÌ? znameniÌ?. VsÌ?echna bozÌ?stva naÌ?s chraÌ?niÌ?, pomyslel si nyniÌ?, kdyzÌ? rÌ?ekl: "NebezpecÌ?iÌ?, ktereÌ?mu se tady vystavujeme, je obrovskeÌ?. Pomyslel jsi neÌ?kdy na to, zÌ?e by zdroj tvyÌ?ch informaciÌ? mohl zklamat tvou duÌ?veÌ?ru?"
+
+V jisteÌ?m bodeÌ? poklesnou vasÌ?e zaÌ?soby hotovosti pod uÌ?nosneÌ? minimum. A to by vaÌ?s ve vodaÌ?ch plnyÌ?ch komunistickyÌ?ch hrozeb do budoucnosti vystavilo smrtelneÌ?mu nebezpecÌ?iÌ?. Pro zÌ?raloky krouzÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? vsÌ?ude kolem by to byla laÌ?kavaÌ? nabiÌ?dka k vrazÌ?edneÌ?mu uÌ?toku. "
+
+MeÌ?l trochu pocit, jako by se neÌ?jakyÌ?m nedopatrÌ?eniÌ?m dostal do teÌ?la neÌ?koho ciziÌ?ho. A opravdu, od uÌ?toku na duÌ?m Ohenro se mu zdaÌ?lo, zÌ?e zÌ?ije zÌ?ivot neÌ?koho jineÌ?ho. Co se mu vlastneÌ? vsÌ?echno prÌ?ihodilo?
+
+- Po potlacÌ?eniÌ? boxerskeÌ?ho povstaÌ?niÌ? nastalo v CÌ?iÌ?neÌ? obdobiÌ? nebyÌ?valeÌ? prosperity. V roce 1906 se ale vsÌ?echno radikaÌ?lneÌ? zmeÌ?nilo. JaponskeÌ? viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? nad ruskou rÌ?iÌ?sÌ?iÌ? bylo jako kdyby zacÌ?al vyzvaÌ?neÌ?t obrÌ?iÌ? chraÌ?movyÌ? zvon. Pro cÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ? revolucionaÌ?rÌ?e to byl zdroj obrovskeÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?livu noveÌ? energie a nadsÌ?eniÌ?.
+
+"V restauraci, kam chodiÌ?m jiÌ?st, miÌ?vajiÌ? uzÌ? v teÌ?to dobeÌ? vzÌ?dy dim - sum zvlhleÌ? a okoraleÌ?. Ale jaÌ? maÌ?m to sÌ?teÌ?stiÌ?, zÌ?e muÌ?j sÌ?eÌ?fkucharÌ? je vzÌ?dy po ruce."
+
+Ve skutecÌ?nosti to ale vsÌ?echno neniÌ? tak nesmyslneÌ?. RÌ?ekneÌ?me, zÌ?e raÌ?d rÌ?esÌ?iÌ?m obtiÌ?zÌ?neÌ? uÌ?koly. " "A budesÌ? v tom pokracÌ?ovat tak dlouho, azÌ? se saÌ?m nevrhnesÌ? do naÌ?rucÌ?e smrti."
+
+Jako vzÌ?dy jste veÌ?deÌ?la liÌ?p nezÌ? jaÌ?, co je pro meÌ? dobreÌ?! "KraÌ?lovneÌ? ten uprÌ?iÌ?mnyÌ? hold deÌ?lal dobrÌ?e." PrÌ?eji si, abyste se k naÌ?m oba prÌ?ipojili na letosÌ?niÌ? okruzÌ?niÌ? jiÌ?zdeÌ?, "rÌ?ekla." ManzÌ?elstviÌ? vaÌ?m sveÌ?dcÌ?iÌ?, Conne.
+
+Dokonce jsem na tom jesÌ?teÌ? huÌ?rÌ?, protozÌ?e nemaÌ?m ani sÌ?aty. "NejstarsÌ?iÌ? diÌ?vka vstala a prÌ?istoupila k Aidan." Jmenuji se Margaret BrowneovaÌ?, "rÌ?ekla." PochaÌ?ziÌ?m z Kentu.
+
+"NÌ?adra maÌ? takeÌ? pevnaÌ?," rÌ?ekl a zaÌ?veÌ?rem shnrul: "Vynese naÌ?m celeÌ? jmeÌ?niÌ?! JejiÌ? bratranec bude bohaÌ?cÌ?!" Odstoupil od Aidan a stejneÌ? zacÌ?al prohliÌ?zÌ?et Margaret. Ta sice staÌ?la klidneÌ?, ale prÌ?itom horÌ?ce plakala.
+
+"Opravdu," rÌ?ekla Marta, "musiÌ?m prÌ?iznat, zÌ?e koupaÌ?niÌ? neniÌ? neprÌ?iÌ?jeneÌ?, ale deÌ?laÌ? se mi sÌ?patneÌ? ze vsÌ?iÌ? teÌ? nahoty kolem! Ale nijak naÌ?m to neubliÌ?zÌ?ilo a za sÌ?aty vaÌ?m deÌ?kujeme, paniÌ?." Aidan se usmaÌ?la.
+
+PovsÌ?imla si, jak si ji prohliÌ?zÌ?el sultaÌ?n, kdyzÌ? ji princi prÌ?edaÌ?val. Byl to pohled tak nestoudnyÌ?, zÌ?e musela sebrat vsÌ?echny siÌ?ly, aby se viditelneÌ? neotrÌ?aÌ?sla. SultaÌ?n by k niÌ? tak laskavyÌ? nebyl, tusÌ?ila.
+
+Asi vaÌ?m prÌ?ipomneÌ?la jinou ztraÌ?tu, ztraÌ?tu vasÌ?eho zpuÌ?sobu zÌ?ivota prÌ?edtiÌ?m, nezÌ? jste se dostala k naÌ?m. Ale tato minulost je mrtva, je prycÌ?, stejneÌ? jako vasÌ?e sÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? po boku prince! To si musiÌ?te uveÌ?domit. MusiÌ?te zacÌ?iÌ?t znovu.
+
+SultaÌ?n prosteÌ? po mneÌ? touzÌ?iÌ?, chce meÌ? dostat ; vzÌ?dytÌ? jsem to prÌ?ece jasneÌ? videÌ?la, kdyzÌ? k naÌ?m prÌ?ed paÌ?r dny prÌ?isÌ?el! PrÌ?i vzpomiÌ?nce se otrÌ?aÌ?sla. Nechci mu naÌ?lezÌ?et! Nechci! To radsÌ?i smrt!
+
+"RaÌ?d bych veÌ?deÌ?l, jak vychaÌ?ziÌ? se slecÌ?nou Maloneovou. ObaÌ?vaÌ?m se, zÌ?e zacÌ?nu chudaÌ?ka Flynna litovat." Do dverÌ?iÌ? strcÌ?il hlavu uniformovanyÌ? policista. "PrÌ?ijelo zÌ?raÌ?dlo od Johna Barleycorna." Schroeder saÌ?hl po telefonu. " DobrÌ?e.
+
+Ale nedopadalo to dobrÌ?e a jaÌ? viÌ?m, zÌ?e pomuÌ?zÌ?ete naÌ?m a pomuÌ?zÌ?ete Terri, kdyzÌ? pochopiÌ?te nesnaÌ?ze, do kteryÌ?ch se dostala. "FlynnuÌ?v hlas zazneÌ?l tvrdeÌ?." MeÌ?la by skutecÌ?neÌ? pecÌ?liveÌ?ji volit, s kyÌ?m se vyspiÌ?.
+
+VsadÌ? se, zÌ?e to nezopakuje. "ZraneÌ?nyÌ? si vsunul ruku pod nepruÌ?strÌ?elnou vestu a u prsniÌ? kosti nahmatal bouli velkou jako vejce." Au... sakra... au... " PohleÌ?dl na druheÌ?ho muzÌ?e.
+
+Ve cÌ?tvrtek byÌ?vaÌ?sÌ? k zastizÌ?eniÌ? u BozÌ?iÌ?ho hrobu, nebo ne? UrcÌ?iteÌ? je to pro tebe moc uzÌ?itecÌ?naÌ? zkusÌ?enost. Z myÌ?ch pacientuÌ? tam nasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? nikdy nikoho nestrcÌ?ili. To uzÌ? bych radsÌ?i deÌ?lal doktora neÌ?kde v laÌ?gru na SibirÌ?i. "
+
+Ani v noci se neochladilo a druheÌ?ho dne raÌ?no bylo vlazÌ?no, acÌ?koliv obloha zuÌ?stala zasmusÌ?ilaÌ?. Po tepleÌ? a duÌ?kladneÌ? sniÌ?dani vydali se lovci k zaÌ?padu.
+
+"NeÌ?co takoveÌ?ho jsem v zÌ?ivoteÌ? nevideÌ?la." "StaÌ?le bydlisÌ?teÌ? MuÌ?nchen?" "NeÌ?mci uzÌ? dneska takhle nepiÌ?sÌ?ou." "Ale i CÌ?esÌ?i tenkraÌ?t takhle psali."
+
+Ale velmi zdarÌ?ileÌ?. Zaslal mi je rÌ?editel MuseÌ? de l ' ArmeÌ?e v ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ?i. " "Larrey," vysveÌ?tlila Zuzana RenateÌ?, " byl NapoleonuÌ?v osobniÌ? leÌ?karÌ?. ZnaÌ?maÌ? postava.
+
+Kosma le Forest pozval do VlcÌ?iny asi tucet paÌ?nuÌ?. NeÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? prÌ?ijeli se zÌ?enami, ktereÌ? byly prÌ?imeÌ?rÌ?eneÌ? jejich veÌ?kuÌ?, ale jiniÌ? s krasavicemi, ktereÌ? mohly byÌ?t jejich dcerami, ale nejspiÌ?sÌ?e nebyly. Ve spolecÌ?nosti se zcela samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? pohyboval pan Gilgit, dopisovatel Universalu.
+
+Porta zaznamenal, zÌ?e Karel Martell pouzÌ?iÌ?val k odstraneÌ?niÌ? nepohodlnyÌ?ch lidiÌ? sluzÌ?eb jisteÌ? Dolorosy, dcery ranhojicÌ?e Lodovica de Ayaricum, kteryÌ? asistoval prÌ?i KarloveÌ? narozeniÌ?. (ZaÌ?pisky Honoria Porty o kniÌ?zÌ?atech a kraÌ?liÌ?ch, jejich mravech a konaÌ?niÌ?.)
+
+M: Dolorosa, travicÌ?ka vrazÌ?ednice, veÌ?zneÌ?naÌ? v Herisonu. 46 Dolorosa O: Lodovic de Ayaricum, ranhojicÌ? bylinkaÌ?rÌ?. M: NeznaÌ?ma. 47 Lodovic de Ayaricum O: Othon, vojaÌ?k, zajatec kniÌ?zÌ?ete Sama u Vogastisburku. M: Rana, cÌ?eskaÌ? kmenovaÌ? veÌ?dma.
+
+"To je kravina!" Jak, ksakru, muÌ?zÌ?ou takhle fungovat? CelyÌ? ten naÌ?pad s Rudou bunÌ?kou spocÌ?iÌ?val v tom, zÌ?e proniknou do neÌ?jakeÌ?ho objektu a prozkoumajiÌ? jeho slabaÌ? miÌ?sta prÌ?esneÌ? tak, jako to deÌ?lajiÌ? praviÌ? teroristeÌ?. " Asi je to opravdu blbost!
+
+Za plotem se nachaÌ?zel areaÌ?l skladisÌ?teÌ? jadernyÌ?ch zbraniÌ?, obehnanyÌ? ostnatyÌ?m draÌ?tem s jednou straÌ?zÌ?niÌ? veÌ?zÌ?iÌ?. Na veÌ?zÌ?i staÌ?la straÌ?zÌ?, ale kdyzÌ? jsme se na ni podiÌ?vali dalekohledem, kteryÌ? jsme meÌ?li s sebou, zjistili jsme, zÌ?e je to jen neÌ?jakyÌ? naÌ?jemnyÌ? policajt.
+
+KdyzÌ? se sklo dotklo holeÌ?ho drÌ?eva, Griffith si povzdychl. "Och, Grante - to je mi moc liÌ?to! UdeÌ?lal ti snad Dickie na tvyÌ?m stolecÌ?ku osÌ?klivyÌ? kolecÌ?ko?"
+
+Oba dva vyzarÌ?ovali, kazÌ?dyÌ? jinyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem, zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? zÌ?ivocÌ?isÌ?nyÌ? magnetismus. KdyzÌ? naprÌ?iÌ?klad Margaret vstoupila bez doprovodu do restaurace, mezi muzÌ?skyÌ?mi naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ky dosÌ?lo k pozdvizÌ?eniÌ?.
+
+V., Hawkeyi? " "Jeho kraÌ?lovskaÌ? VyÌ?sost," vysveÌ?tlil Hawkeye. "Jeho kraÌ?lovskeÌ? VyÌ?sosti prince Hasana al Kajama na neznaÌ?meÌ? miÌ?sto," doprÌ?eklaÌ?dal Horsey. "Ten malej tlustej chlapiÌ?k je vopravdovskej princ? Jak z TisiÌ?ce a jednyÌ? noci?"
+
+Hra protikladuÌ? a simultaÌ?nniÌ?ch zaÌ?jmuÌ? se pak mohla staÌ?t mocnou, impozantniÌ? a tajnou paÌ?kou, schopnou pohnout sveÌ?tem jako paÌ?ka Archimedova, a stacÌ?ilo by na ni lehce zatlacÌ?it maliÌ?cÌ?kem.
+
+"ZÌ?e je to tak, Tate?" Sam chteÌ?la od neÌ?j ujisÌ?teÌ?niÌ?, od neÌ?j a nikoho jineÌ?ho. PrÌ?ikyÌ?vnul a podal jiÌ? velkyÌ? zÌ?lutyÌ? sÌ?aÌ?lek. "MysliÌ?m, zÌ?e ano. Je to tu kraÌ?sneÌ?, vidÌ?te? Je jim to neÌ?jak podobneÌ?."
+
+MusiÌ?m napsat neÌ?kolik dopisuÌ?. AzÌ? budu miÌ?t hlad, tak si zajdu do hlavniÌ? haly. " Najednou si uveÌ?domila, zÌ?e chce Jordana zase videÌ?t. Bylo to jako by se jiÌ? to raÌ?no dostal pod kuÌ?zÌ?i, a nemohla se zbavit mysÌ?lenky na neÌ?ho.
+
+Pocit, zÌ?e jiÌ? kdosi rve za zÌ?iva vnitrÌ?nosti z teÌ?la byla k nevydrzÌ?eniÌ?. ReflexivneÌ? saÌ?hla po telefonu. BezmysÌ?lenkoviteÌ?, ale zoufale potrÌ?ebovala slysÌ?et prÌ?aÌ?telskyÌ? hlas.
+
+"KovbojskyÌ? klobouk, opasek a pouzdro s pistoliÌ?. Ale nemuÌ?zÌ?u jezdit na koni." Pomalu prÌ?ikyÌ?vla. "A procÌ? ne?" PodiÌ?val se na ni, jako by byla uÌ?plneÌ? hloupaÌ?. " ProtozÌ?e jsem vozejcÌ?kaÌ?rÌ?, pitomaÌ?.
+
+"Je to na tobeÌ?, kaÌ?mo!" zavrcÌ?iÌ? rezÌ?iseÌ?r na Jasona. "A peÌ?kneÌ? naplno! Kdo se bojiÌ?, sere v siÌ?ni!" "Tak jdeme na to," souhlasiÌ? Jason.
+
+BrandonuÌ?v boj s pokusÌ?eniÌ?mi zÌ?ivota v Beverly Hills je jaÌ?drem celeÌ?ho seriaÌ?lu. Brenda se ho ptaÌ?: "Nejsi uzÌ? neÌ?kdy unavenej z toho neustaÌ?lyÌ?ho zkousÌ?eniÌ? deÌ?lat jen spraÌ?vnyÌ? veÌ?ci?" OdpoveÌ?dÌ? je, samozrÌ?ejmeÌ?: "To viÌ?sÌ?, zÌ?e jo."
+
+Nejsem tu viÌ?tanaÌ?? " "Victorie!", varoval ji Archie. "Gigi!", prosil Byron ve stejnyÌ? okamzÌ?ik. Gigi si jich nevsÌ?iÌ?mala a mluvila prÌ?iÌ?mo k vysokeÌ?, sÌ?tiÌ?hleÌ?, hneÌ?dovlaseÌ? mladeÌ? zÌ?eneÌ? s prÌ?iÌ?snyÌ?ma hneÌ?dyÌ?ma ocÌ?ima.
+
+"Co ale?" "Sasho, je to muzÌ?skyÌ?." " MuÌ?j ty bozÌ?e, Gigi, ty taky? UveÌ?domujesÌ? si, co jsi praÌ?veÌ? rÌ?ekla? On atÌ? si klidneÌ? vyvaÌ?diÌ?, protozÌ?e to je muzÌ?, ale jaÌ? ne, protozÌ?e jsem zÌ?enskaÌ?.
+
+Eric tuto verzi dosveÌ?dcÌ?il. Ale tisk si tato prohlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? jako obycÌ?ejneÌ? upravoval, jak se mu hodilo. Annie si uveÌ?domila, zÌ?e se nedaÌ? deÌ?lat nic jineÌ?ho, nezÌ? tuto bourÌ?i prÌ?ecÌ?kat, dokud PuÌ?lnocÌ?niÌ? hodina nebude na sveÌ?teÌ?.
+
+Nosila v sobeÌ? novyÌ? zÌ?ivot. DiÌ?teÌ? jejiÌ? laÌ?sky k Erikovi. JakeÌ? pracovniÌ? probleÌ?my by ji nyniÌ? mohly znepokojovat? Jak by ji mohly rozcÌ?ilovat sliÌ?diÌ?ciÌ? zraky reporteÌ?ruÌ? a zlomyslnaÌ? sÌ?eptanda, kdyzÌ? se maÌ? staÌ?t matkou?
+
+Dlouho jsem to poslouchal, ale uzÌ? to nemohu vydrzÌ?et. Tys osÌ?idil sveÌ?ho syna a sveÌ? dveÌ? dcery o materÌ?skyÌ? podiÌ?l, hrabal jsi pro sebe jako porucÌ?niÌ?k sirotcÌ?iÌ? peniÌ?ze toho uboheÌ?ho Lorenza - a ty budesÌ? mluvit, zÌ?e jsi nezisÌ?tnyÌ?? "
+
+Pak jal se noviny prohledaÌ?vat daÌ?le a procÌ?etl neÌ?kolik odstavcuÌ?... PoteÌ? prÌ?ehliÌ?zÌ?el noviny znovu od zacÌ?aÌ?tku a uÌ?myslneÌ? prÌ?i tom ziÌ?vaje, prÌ?ecÌ?etl si cÌ?laÌ?nek tyÌ?kajiÌ?ciÌ? se ho...
+
+Zase rychle otrÌ?el... "A umeÌ?leckaÌ? gymnastika!" VykrÌ?ikl do trÌ?etice. ViÌ?tr zaclonil praÌ?sÌ?kem tabulku a zpod karoseÌ?rie strhaÌ?val a daÌ?l rozvaÌ?val ten zÌ?lutyÌ? anilinovyÌ? praÌ?sÌ?ek.
+
+A tatiÌ?nek maÌ? smlouvu s fakultou, zÌ?e po smrti to srdce prÌ?ipadne univerziteÌ?, "pokracÌ?oval kucÌ?eravyÌ?," to chteÌ?li to tatiÌ?nkovo srdce koupit cizinci, ale tatiÌ?nek je vlastenec, tak rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e ne.
+
+" To jesÌ?teÌ? nic neznamenaÌ?! PrÌ?edneÌ? je mozÌ?no, zÌ?e kde vyskytuje se tak uÌ?zÌ?asnaÌ? podobnost, muÌ?zÌ?e se vztahovat i na znameÌ?nka.. VsÌ?echny cÌ?aÌ?sti teÌ?la souvisiÌ? dohromady, jsou podmiÌ?neÌ?ny jedny druhyÌ?mi..
+
+KAPITOLA III. Jak mu britskaÌ? veÌ?vodkyneÌ? v banditskeÌ? sluji ruku hladila, odjiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?jiÌ?c z niÌ? plakala a rozveselila se zas velice, kdyzÌ? jiÌ? rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e je osel. ... Dita vypraÌ?veÌ?la sveÌ? curriculum vitae takto:
+
+Jak se neÌ?zÌ?neÌ? na mne usmiÌ?vala, kdyzÌ? lovila zecchin z jeziÌ?rka! Byla v tom laÌ?ska, neniÌ? pochybnosti! A ty pohledy! A jak se mnou zÌ?ertovala! Jak mneÌ? namlela! to cÌ?iniÌ? prÌ?ece jen zÌ?ena, kteraÌ? miluje!
+
+PrÌ?ed hezkou diÌ?vkou chlupataÌ? zadnice z uloupenyÌ?ch, prasklyÌ?ch kalhot mu pryÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?. V HrobeÌ? strasÌ?idla a v Rakvi Kostlivce staÌ?le jesÌ?teÌ? najde. ... a huÌ?lkovitaÌ?, 3 m. dlouhaÌ? ruka zatarasila mu cestu.
+
+" VojaÌ?ci konecÌ?neÌ? zde! BanditeÌ?, bezpochyby nicÌ?eho netusÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? a spiÌ?ciÌ?, jsou1 ve svyÌ?ch slujiÌ?ch. ZaÌ?lezÌ?iÌ? tedÌ? hlavneÌ? na tom, je-li vojsku znaÌ?ma nasÌ?e chodba... Je-li, - pak jsou banditeÌ?, drÌ?iÌ?ve nebo pozdeÌ?ji, ztraceni.
+
+A jala se zÌ?iveÌ? vypravovat naÌ?sledovneÌ? uÌ?zÌ?asneÌ? veÌ?ci. TedÌ? teprve zviÌ? lidstvo pravdu o pocÌ?aÌ?tku krÌ?estÌ?anstviÌ? z uÌ?st sameÌ? matky MessiasÌ?ovy! Kdo maÌ? usÌ?i k slysÌ?eniÌ?, slysÌ?! " ViÌ?sÌ? jizÌ?, milaÌ?cÌ?ku muÌ?j velikyÌ?, od tvyÌ?ch nymf vsÌ?elicos.
+
+BozÌ?e, - jaÌ? maÌ?m takovou chutÌ?.. "A rozpjala instinktivneÌ? ruce - A on znovu je objal, - a poliÌ?bil jim uzÌ? rty.. Jen maÌ?lo ucouvly.." Milujete mne, drahousÌ?koveÌ? moji? OÌ? ucÌ?inÌ?te mne sÌ?tÌ?astnyÌ?m jedinyÌ?m slovem.. "
+
+A i Gella se rozslzela, neveÌ?douc procÌ? - "Ony se milujiÌ?, vidÌ??" taÌ?zala se po teÌ?. "A viÌ?ce, nezÌ? jako prÌ?iÌ?telkyneÌ??" " Ano! milujiÌ? se, rÌ?ekla bych, eroticky..
+
+Potkal se s niÌ?m v prÌ?iÌ?zemiÌ?. Sluha se uklonil azÌ? k zemi. Fabio neodpoveÌ?deÌ?l, - jen kopnutiÌ?m.. Jen nezdvorÌ?ilost je slusÌ?naÌ? ; zdvorÌ?ilost je duÌ?stojnaÌ? jen opice. MinimalniÌ? zdvorÌ?ilostiÌ? ke skoro vsÌ?em lidem se vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?k snizÌ?uje.
+
+Pak opeÌ?t usedl - "Ne, marno!" zahucÌ?el.. " MusiÌ?m spaÌ?t, ciÌ?tiÌ?m, zÌ?e za paÌ?r minut zcela jisteÌ? omdliÌ?m, 2 nebo zdechnu. Pak zuÌ?staly by ony na zÌ?ivu, - a jaÌ? bych byl mrtev.
+
+"Hoj! maÌ?me zÌ?iveÌ?ho!" krÌ?icÌ?ely Fatima a Dita, uchopivsÌ?e pistole -12 Tuto chviÌ?li byl by mohl vraÌ?vorajiÌ?ciÌ? jizÌ? Pietro uteÌ?ci z jeskyneÌ?, - ale za teÌ?chto okolnostiÌ? povazÌ?oval to za necÌ?estneÌ?.
+
+"Taky mneÌ? se najednou hlava zatocÌ?ila!" zvolala Ziata. "Aby ta hora tam? bozÌ?e! zas mne to uderÌ?ilo! Co to za mystickeÌ?ho gymnota - -" OstatniÌ? tlacÌ?ily se ke sÌ?teÌ?rbineÌ? - " HledÌ?te!
+
+"DobrÌ?e cÌ?iniÌ?sÌ?," deÌ?la Arga. "CÌ?loveÌ?kobuÌ?h bude prÌ?iÌ?myÌ? descendent zÌ?eny, ne muzÌ?e, ale jen z nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?ho muÌ?zÌ?e povstat nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?." JednohlasneÌ? prÌ?ijato bylo prohlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ?, zÌ?e vsÌ?ech osm zÌ?en DiovyÌ?ch nemaÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? cenu nezÌ? kraÌ?licÌ?iÌ?22 bobek.
+
+"Ale rÌ?vaÌ?t nebudu jako ty!" "Ziato," pravila Rona, "tvuÌ?j naÌ?vrh se mi neliÌ?biÌ?. Jak vaÌ?s znaÌ?m, maÌ?m strach, zÌ?e po teÌ?to cesteÌ? dojdeme - k onomu strasÌ?neÌ?mu. CozÌ? kdyzÌ? bude Dios svolnyÌ??"
+
+ViÌ?te, zÌ?e veÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m v bozÌ?skost zÌ?eny ; 31 jejiÌ? zkazÌ?enost ji teprve dokazuje, lezÌ? je bozÌ?skaÌ?, po nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m touzÌ?iÌ? jen nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?. Nic kraÌ?sneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ho nad kraÌ?snou, heroickou zÌ?enu: totÌ? snÌ?atek dvou dcer nebe: kraÌ?sy a vznesÌ?enosti - zpravidla neprÌ?aÌ?telskyÌ?ch.
+
+My raÌ?dy bychom od vaÌ?s bity byly, nesmiÌ?rneÌ? raÌ?dy s vaÌ?mi spoluzÌ?ily a strasÌ?neÌ? raÌ?dy s Diem soulozÌ?ily, i s tigrem vasÌ?iÌ?m slicÌ?neÌ? diÌ?tky meÌ?ly, i s Argestem si obcÌ?as zamrdaly, i Oslu vasÌ?emu svaÌ? luÌ?na daly jenzÌ? nesporneÌ? hned po Bohu a vedle vaÌ?s
+
+Po chviÌ?li psi zatocÌ?ili vlevo, zamiÌ?rÌ?ili smeÌ?rem k lesu a zcela zaujati pronaÌ?sledovaÌ?niÌ?m opustili otevrÌ?enou plaÌ?nÌ? a nehlucÌ?neÌ? se zanorÌ?ili do husteÌ?ho porostu. VuÌ?neÌ? zde zesiÌ?lila a psi zrychlili tempo. O puÌ?l miÌ?le vprÌ?ed naÌ?sledoval komandant van Heerden jejich prÌ?iÌ?kladu.
+
+"Od manazÌ?era BarclayskeÌ? banky?" podivil se komandant. "Copak provedl?" "CÌ?uÌ?ral do prÌ?ehrady Hluwe, pane. Za to je trest smrti." "Za cÌ?uÌ?raÌ?niÌ? do prÌ?ehrady Hluwe je trest smrti? To jsem neveÌ?deÌ?l."
+
+5 Potom ho dÌ?aÌ?bel vzal s sebou do SvateÌ?ho meÌ?sta, postavil ho na vrchol chraÌ?mu 6 a rÌ?ekl mu: " Jsi-li syn BozÌ?iÌ?, vrhni se doluÌ?. Je prÌ?ece psaÌ?no: ' SvyÌ?m andeÌ?luÌ?m daÌ? o tobeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?kaz, takzÌ?e teÌ? ponesou na rukou,
+
+24 UcÌ?edniÌ?ci uzÌ?asli nad jeho slovy. JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ? jim vsÌ?ak znovu rÌ?ekl: "DeÌ?ti, jak je teÌ?zÌ?keÌ? vejiÌ?t do BozÌ?iÌ?ho kraÌ?lovstviÌ?! 25 SpiÌ?sÌ? projde velbloud uchem jehly, nezÌ? vejde bohatyÌ? do BozÌ?iÌ?ho kraÌ?lovstviÌ?."
+
+44 David ho nazyÌ?vaÌ? PaÌ?nem ; jak tedy muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t jeho synem? "Proti ucÌ?iteluÌ?m ZaÌ?kona 45 KdyzÌ? mu naslouchal vsÌ?echen lid, rÌ?ekl svyÌ?m ucÌ?edniÌ?kuÌ?m: 46" MeÌ?jte se na pozoru prÌ?ed ucÌ?iteli ZaÌ?kona!
+
+70 JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ? jim na to rÌ?ekl: "Nevyvolil jsem si vaÌ?s dvanaÌ?ct? A prÌ?ece jeden z vaÌ?s je dÌ?aÌ?bel." 71 TiÌ?m myslel JidaÌ?sÌ?e, syna SÌ?imona IsÌ?kariotskeÌ?ho. Ten totizÌ?, jeden ze DvanaÌ?cti, ho meÌ?l zradit. JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ? na svaÌ?tku staÌ?nkuÌ?
+
+41 Na tom miÌ?steÌ?, kde byl ukrÌ?izÌ?ovaÌ?n, byla zahrada a v teÌ? zahradeÌ? novaÌ? hrobka, kde nebyl jesÌ?teÌ? nikdo pochovaÌ?n. 42 Tam tedy polozÌ?ili JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ?e, protozÌ?e u zÌ?iduÌ? byl den prÌ?iÌ?prav a hrobka byla bliÌ?zko. U praÌ?zdneÌ?ho hrobu
+
+' vyliji ze sveÌ?ho Ducha na vsÌ?echny lidi. Pak budou vasÌ?i synoveÌ? a vasÌ?e dcery prorokovat, vasÌ?i mladiÌ? muzÌ?i budou miÌ?t videÌ?niÌ?, vasÌ?i starci dostanou ve snu zjeveniÌ?. 18 Vyliji v teÌ?ch dnech ze sveÌ?ho Ducha i na sveÌ? sluzÌ?ebniÌ?ky a na sveÌ? sluzÌ?ebnice,
+
+Toto pojmenovaÌ?niÌ? ("pastoralis regula") nachaÌ?ziÌ?me pro 1 Tim u sv. TomaÌ?sÌ?e AkvinskeÌ?ho (+ r. 1274). Pro vsÌ?echny trÌ?i poprveÌ? razil tento naÌ?zev pietistickyÌ? teolog Paul Anton v polovici 18. stoletiÌ?.
+
+Nietzscheho BuÌ?h je mrtev a my, tj. krÌ?estÌ?aneÌ?, jsme ho zabili, rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? jen tolik, zÌ?e takto koncÌ?iÌ? vsÌ?emohouciÌ? bozi, kterÌ?iÌ? dluzÌ?iÌ? veÌ?rÌ?iÌ?ciÌ?m to jedineÌ?, co jim jako veÌ?rÌ?iteluÌ?m dluzÌ?ni zuÌ?stat nesmeÌ?li: svou vsÌ?emohoucnost.
+
+A vy budete mi kraÌ?lovstviÌ? kneÌ?zÌ?skeÌ? a naÌ?rod svatyÌ?. TotÌ? jsou slova, kteraÌ?zÌ? mluviti budesÌ? synuÌ?m izraelskyÌ?m. A toto pojetiÌ? naÌ?rodnosti je dnes nasÌ?e ; ne spolecÌ?enstviÌ? krve a deÌ?dicÌ?nosti rodu, nyÌ?brzÌ? jednota poslaÌ?niÌ? duchovniÌ?ho. IV, s.
+
+PovazÌ?uji za omyl vracet se do stareÌ?ho RÌ?ecka a hledat z protikladu AtheÌ?n a Sparty prÌ?iÌ?klad pro snazsÌ?iÌ? pochopeniÌ? sveÌ?ta nasÌ?eho, rozpolceneÌ?ho ve svobodomyslnyÌ? a humaÌ?nniÌ? ZaÌ?pad, a v kasaÌ?renskyÌ? a totalitaÌ?rÌ?skyÌ? VyÌ?chod.
+
+PovaÌ?zÌ?liveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? je to, strÌ?etne-li se sveÌ?t celeÌ? vuÌ?le bozÌ?iÌ? se sveÌ?tem neceleÌ? vuÌ?le bozÌ?iÌ?, znaÌ?meÌ? jen MojzÌ?iÌ?sÌ?ovi.
+
+178 Zkus nakreslit neÌ?co noveÌ?ho, neÌ?co, co ses prÌ?ed tiÌ?m nenaucÌ?il, co jsi neodkoukal z reality, co jsi neprÌ?evzal, nesvedesÌ? to.
+
+KazÌ?dyÌ? vysokyÌ? duch miluje domov, atÌ? je jakyÌ?koli. Domov mu byl totizÌ? prostrÌ?ediÌ?m pro zrozeniÌ? jeho geÌ?nia. Jeho rozvahy a pocity vznikaly v prostrÌ?ediÌ? domova. Zde prozÌ?iÌ?val prvotneÌ? laÌ?sku, nenaÌ?vist, zaÌ?vist...
+
+A takeÌ? mezi tiÌ?m jak bychom meÌ?li zÌ?iÌ?t a jak budeme moci zÌ?iÌ?t, respektive jak si budeme zÌ?iÌ?t.
+
+NeÌ?kdy maÌ? takeÌ? obavu, zÌ?e zahne za roh a tam se saÌ?m potkaÌ?, kterak jde v opacÌ?neÌ?m smeÌ?ru.
+
+JakaÌ? byla ta slecÌ?na, kterou Carmen videÌ?la v redakci? " HezkaÌ?? No, neÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? muzÌ?i by snad rÌ?ekli, zÌ?e ano... MeÌ?la viÌ?novyÌ? plaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? ze zelenyÌ?m lemovaÌ?niÌ?m.
+
+Na sÌ?pek mu skocÌ?il pan doktor KosÌ?tyÌ?rÌ?. "Ten, prohlaÌ?sil rozhorÌ?cÌ?eneÌ? a zlatyÌ? rÌ?eteÌ?z na kulateÌ?m brÌ?iÌ?sÌ?ku mu poskocÌ?il," ten atÌ? do toho nemluviÌ?. Komunista! " kniÌ?r pana doktora se zlobneÌ? najezÌ?il a ruka sevrÌ?ela sklenici s viÌ?nem.
+
+Na ploteÌ? vedle SucheÌ? sÌ?vestky praÌ?veÌ? lepicÌ? vylepoval plakaÌ?t s tiÌ?m osudnyÌ?m slovem. Pan DygryÌ?n jenom mrkl na soupis rocÌ?niÌ?kuÌ? a pak bez rozloucÌ?eniÌ? vyrazil tryskem ke sveÌ? diÌ?lneÌ?, ani mu MaÌ?nÌ?a nestacÌ?ila.
+
+DiÌ?vka ihned a lacÌ?neÌ? prÌ?ilozÌ?ila sklenici ke rtuÌ?m. "RÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?te, zÌ?e ho meÌ?la raÌ?da, a prÌ?itom zÌ?e byla samyÌ? flirt. Jde to dohromady?" Jarmila postavila sklenici na stuÌ?l a oliÌ?zla si rty.
+
+BohuzÌ?el je dost posÌ?kozenaÌ?. " "Ano. To asi, jak -" opeÌ?t se zajiÌ?kla. "NasÌ?el jste ji v Tartarinu?" ChviÌ?li jsem mlcÌ?el. Pak jsem rÌ?ekl: "Ne. NasÌ?el jsem ji na silnici do Bohnic."
+
+"Moji rojniÌ?ci neustaÌ?le ocÌ?iÌ? podstrÌ?ech rytiÌ?rÌ?e Czabery. Jakmile by si ti holomci chteÌ?li neÌ?co zapocÌ?iÌ?t, muÌ?j voj prÌ?ejde do prorazu." NeveÌ?deÌ?l jsem sice dobrÌ?e, co je to proraz, ale zneÌ?lo to dostatecÌ?neÌ? sverÌ?epeÌ?. "To je dobrÌ?e," rÌ?ekl jsem.
+
+Nemohl v domeÌ? nebyl nikdo jinyÌ?, aby aby ho zabil. " "Zabila jste ho vy," rÌ?ekl jsem jiÌ?. " Chystal se odejiÌ?t. Napsal tohle prohlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? a vzal na sebe vasÌ?e zlocÌ?iny. Vy jste zabila Rupperta dole v kuchyni.
+
+Ta se mi zamotala kolem ruky a peÌ?st se zarazila o masitou holenÌ?. Majitelka holeneÌ? nade mnou zavrcÌ?ela a ucouvla, nezÌ? jsem stacÌ?il prasÌ?tit podruheÌ?. Vyhrabal jsem se na ruce a kolena a vrazil jsem hlavou do drÌ?eva dverÌ?e! Ruka na klice mi pomohla vstaÌ?t.
+
+"MysliÌ?m, zÌ?e ne," pravila starÌ?enka. " Byl to vzÌ?dycky hodnyÌ? chlapec, ale slysÌ?ela jsem, zÌ?e se sÌ?usÌ?kajiÌ? vsÌ?elijakeÌ? sÌ?karedeÌ? veÌ?ci, a jenom buÌ?h saÌ?m viÌ?, co to vlastneÌ? obnaÌ?sÌ?iÌ?, tahle politika.
+
+"Nesednete si?" Sedla si. RÌ?ekl: "No, tak vy jste mi chteÌ?la rÌ?iÌ?ct, co se stalo u vaÌ?s doma ten vecÌ?er, jak vaÌ?m zabili bratra." "Ano," procedila sotva slysÌ?itelneÌ? mezi zuby.
+
+"Jestli budesÌ? mlcÌ?et, je to na beton." UsmaÌ?l se. "Ale tvoji kandidaÌ?ti by mohli docela dobrÌ?e projiÌ?t." "To by se meÌ?lo vysveÌ?tlit," rÌ?ekl Madvig glegmaticky.
+
+Karel sice o svuÌ?j kraÌ?mek a diÌ?lnu brzo prÌ?isÌ?el, ale kvalifikovanyÌ?ch rÌ?ezniÌ?kuÌ? bylo potrÌ?eba, a tak opravdu meÌ?li vzÌ?dycky dostatek jiÌ?dla i peneÌ?z i chuti do zÌ?ivota a vedlo se jim dobrÌ?e.
+
+A ty se z toho vyliÌ?zÌ?esÌ?. Spadlas ze schoduÌ?. To se v hospodeÌ? staÌ?vaÌ?. Antonie se s uÌ?levou usmaÌ?la a zavrteÌ?la hlavou. Byla uzÌ? rozhodnutaÌ?, co udeÌ?laÌ?. PaniÌ? KafonÌ?ovaÌ? veÌ?deÌ?la, zÌ?e maÌ? ocÌ?i otevrÌ?eneÌ?, ale strop ani okno nevideÌ?la.
+
+Von maÌ? stejneÌ? neÌ?kde zasÌ?ityÌ? dolary jesÌ?teÌ? z Ameriky.
+
+Ve vyÌ?cÌ?tu vyÌ?znamnyÌ?ch mutrzoÌ?nuÌ? nechybiÌ? naprÌ?. Hitler, Stalin, Napoleon, Nietzsche, Rilke, T. Mann, Passolini, Fassbinder a stovky dalsÌ?iÌ?ch znaÌ?myÌ?ch jmen. Jev saÌ?m je ovsÌ?em velice beÌ?zÌ?nyÌ? a z bezprostrÌ?edniÌ?ho okoliÌ? lehko dodat stovky jinyÌ?ch.
+
+"Jdeme do samoobsluhy?" zeptala se. ChteÌ?la jsem prÌ?ikyÌ?vnout. V samoobsluze jsem nakupovala pravidelneÌ?, ale dostala jsem naÌ?pad: kdyzÌ? puÌ?jdu do kraÌ?mu v ZÌ?elezneÌ? ulici, mozÌ?naÌ? zÌ?e uvidiÌ?m Petra. Proto jsem OlineÌ? rÌ?ekla: " MusiÌ?m dnes do ZÌ?elezneÌ?.
+
+LideÌ? se po naÌ?s otaÌ?cÌ?eli s kaÌ?ravyÌ?mi pohledy. "Kdo to je, Jitko?" ZatvaÌ?rÌ?ila jsem se, jako by mi byl Honza uÌ?plneÌ? lhostejnyÌ?. " NeÌ?jakyÌ? kluk tady z RybiÌ?na.
+
+MeÌ?la obdobnyÌ? dojem. "MysliÌ?te, holky?" neveÌ?rÌ?ila si BeÌ?la. "UrcÌ?iteÌ?," rÌ?ekla jsem rozhodneÌ? po chviÌ?li duÌ?kladneÌ?ho soustrÌ?edeÌ?niÌ?. "Chce to zkraÌ?tit! Kde maÌ?sÌ? nuÌ?zÌ?ky?" Andula se rozhodla pro okamzÌ?ityÌ? zaÌ?sah.
+
+"No, to teda nemaÌ?m!" utikl budiÌ?k. "JaÌ? nemaÌ?m o kolecÌ?ko viÌ?c, ani miÌ?nÌ?!" A utikaÌ?val bezohledneÌ? cÌ?as, kteryÌ? tik tak utiÌ?kal. A uzÌ? bylo za trÌ?i minuty sÌ?est. A uzÌ?...
+
+"CÌ?isteÌ? mezi naÌ?mi," vmiÌ?sil se MalyÌ? AlenaÌ?sÌ?, " jaÌ? si mysliÌ?m, jak to vidiÌ?m, zÌ?e jsou to skutecÌ?neÌ? jen dveÌ? obycÌ?ejneÌ? ponozÌ?ky, ktereÌ? uplavaly paniÌ? J. P., a zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? exemplaÌ?rÌ?e Bycha.
+
+To jste naÌ?m dal uzÌ? vcÌ?era... StokraÌ?t.. . "VprÌ?edu vypiÌ?skl slaviÌ?k. V puse CÌ?aÌ?poveÌ?. TrÌ?iÌ?dniÌ? ho beze slova zabavil. JesÌ?teÌ? zrcaÌ?tko, v ktereÌ?m se zhliÌ?zÌ?el AbrhaÌ?m. MeÌ?l vlasy azÌ? na ramena." Na konci roku se prÌ?ihlas.
+
+Vedle neÌ?ho se usadila rezavaÌ? holcÌ?icÌ?ka Claudie. NespousÌ?teÌ?la ocÌ?i z paÌ?na v burÌ?ince. " Je to Pan Tau!
+
+V daÌ?lce se trÌ?pytily v slunci veÌ?zÌ?e meÌ?sta, ktereÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? netusÌ?ilo, co ho cÌ?ekaÌ?. Ani W. V. Ani Pan Tau. Snad Claudie. KdyzÌ? rÌ?ekla: "MysliÌ?sÌ?, zÌ?e tu majiÌ? veÌ?zeniÌ??" To Violu poteÌ?sÌ?ilo. " Snad.
+
+. " "To je soucÌ?aÌ?st plaÌ?nu.. ." Vivian zaÌ?rÌ?ila. VuÌ?bec se nesnazÌ?ila mluvit potichu. S raÌ?musem vytahovala z Flemingova ferrari kapesniÌ? sviÌ?tilny. ZÌ?eleznaÌ? paÌ?cÌ?idla.
+
+StaÌ?le by naÌ?s ohrozÌ?ovala. Ale Onikar jim prÌ?ipomneÌ?l: - NezapomenÌ?te, zÌ?e je to nasÌ?e sestra. BratrÌ?i se vsÌ?ak prÌ?ece jen rozhodli, zÌ?e MedveÌ?diÌ? kuÌ?zÌ?i vyzÌ?enou do hor.
+
+S Havlem! A GrusÌ?ou! PanecÌ?ku, to jsi sveÌ?ho naÌ?zoroveÌ?ho protivniÌ?ka, na cÌ?tyrÌ?i a puÌ?l roku zavrÌ?eneÌ?ho, vyradyÌ?roval svyÌ?m zaÌ?znamniÌ?kovyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem! Je tu naÌ?zor a pak uzÌ? jen vyliÌ?cÌ?eniÌ?, zÌ?e Ty jsi na proces nemohl, bylo Ti zabraÌ?neÌ?no. Anebo Ota!
+
+Ale tohle vsÌ?echno piÌ?sÌ?u proto, zÌ?e je chci zkusit hledat a veÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m, zÌ?e puÌ?jde-li CÌ?eskyÌ? snaÌ?rÌ? mezi lidi, pomuÌ?zÌ?e. UrychliÌ? diferenciaci, daÌ? vyplavat zlobaÌ?m a nenaÌ?vistem, ale probudiÌ? vycÌ?erpaneÌ? a otraÌ?veneÌ?. Je to nezbytnaÌ? pomuÌ?cka k pochopeniÌ? teÌ?to doby.
+
+A jaÌ? jsem se v hruÌ?ze zvedl, otocÌ?il a poviÌ?daÌ?m... Co tady deÌ?laÌ?te? NevidiÌ?te, zÌ?e se diÌ?vaÌ?m na grotesku...
+
+To se budete divit: za padesaÌ?t korun od vetesÌ?niÌ?ka. Jsou to medajle z doby FrantisÌ?ka Josefa a jsou kraÌ?snyÌ?m dokladem pomtjivosti. KdyzÌ? si je prÌ?ipnu, je to vzÌ?dycky duÌ?vod k veseliÌ? a prÌ?itom, kdo viÌ?, co se za nima skrejvaÌ?!
+
+JesÌ?teÌ? se nestalo, zÌ?e by jednoho dne vysÌ?ly noviny se strucÌ?nyÌ?m oznaÌ?meniÌ?m, zÌ?e se v uplynulyÌ?ch cÌ?tyrÌ?iadvaceti hodinaÌ?ch nic zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ?ho azÌ? do uzaÌ?veÌ?rky listu neprÌ?ihodilo, a zÌ?e tedy neniÌ? o cÌ?em psaÌ?t.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?de sama! Jenom s holkama. " "Aha." "MaÌ?m mozÌ?nost, cÌ?ecÌ?e!" To jsem veÌ?deÌ?l taky, zÌ?e maÌ?. To mi nerÌ?ek zÌ?aÌ?dnou novinu. JenomzÌ?e jaÌ? z toho nemeÌ?l takovou radost jako on.
+
+Tudy, tudy, "vedl ho plukovniÌ?k horliveÌ?." Tady to je. Na tom nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m regaÌ?le byla ta krabice. MaÌ?ry, "zarÌ?val plukovniÌ?k," tady nemaÌ?te co koukat! JdeÌ?te na puÌ?du nebo do sklepa! "
+
+"To je prÌ?ece ZÌ?itnaÌ? ulice," pravil baÌ?sniÌ?k klidneÌ?. "TakoveÌ? dveÌ? rÌ?ady domuÌ?, viÌ?te?" "A procÌ? to neniÌ? trÌ?eba NaÌ?rodniÌ? trÌ?iÌ?da?" ptal se dr. MejzliÌ?k skepticky. "ProtozÌ?e ta neniÌ? tak rovnaÌ?," zneÌ?la prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? odpoveÌ?dÌ?.
+
+BodejtÌ?, Oplatku znaÌ? kazÌ?dyÌ? ; to je prÌ?ece ten zelenej skrcÌ?ek s tiÌ?m tenkyÌ?m krkem.
+
+"Ale to viÌ?te, jak to chodiÌ?. Dopis na Zem stojiÌ? peÌ?t peÌ?tek, tak cÌ?loveÌ?k moc nepiÌ?sÌ?e." VRATÌ?TE SE DOMUÌ?. "Copak asi deÌ?laÌ? Jane, vzpomiÌ?naÌ?te si prÌ?ece na Jane, na tu moji malou sestru?" VRATÌ?TE SE DOMUÌ?.
+
+"To je v porÌ?aÌ?dku." JejiÌ? city k neÌ?mu byly zrÌ?ejmeÌ? - prÌ?itazÌ?livost, odpor, bolest a poteÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? se sviÌ?jely ve vzpomiÌ?nkaÌ?ch, ktereÌ? s niÌ? nesdiÌ?lel. Ve vzpomiÌ?nkaÌ?ch, kteryÌ?m sama nemohla veÌ?rÌ?it. "NemusiÌ?sÌ? se omlouvat," rÌ?ekl neÌ?zÌ?neÌ?.
+
+TenkraÌ?t byla ale Berounka od SkryjiÌ? k Branovu sÌ?ticÌ?iÌ? raÌ?j. TatiÌ?nek jich chytil za dovolenou prÌ?es sto, jaÌ? sÌ?edesaÌ?t cÌ?tyrÌ?i.
+
+Jsi statecÌ?naÌ? holka, vyslovil otraÌ?veneÌ?. Hele, to uzÌ? mi dneska neÌ?kdo rÌ?ekl. Zarazila se. Jo? Byl tady neÌ?kdo? NeÌ?jakej kamaraÌ?d? vyhrkl prÌ?ekotneÌ? a hned tu odhalenou doteÌ?rnost splasÌ?eneÌ? zakryl ziÌ?vnutiÌ?m. VideÌ?la biÌ?leÌ? nabrousÌ?eneÌ? zuby. NeviÌ?m. Nepamatuju se.
+
+UzÌ? je mi zase fajn, zachrapteÌ?la. PoviÌ?dej mi neÌ?co, vyburcovala se k obraneÌ?. PotrÌ?ebovala ziÌ?skat cÌ?as na zachyceniÌ? mysÌ?lenky. O cÌ?em? To je fuk. TrÌ?eba o teÌ? blaÌ?zniveÌ? svatbeÌ?, vyplula jiÌ? pradaÌ?vnaÌ? vzpomiÌ?nka.
+
+Ahoj, rÌ?ek jsem. NestrcÌ? si vobeÌ? nohy do jednyÌ? nohavice, kouk na meÌ? znudeÌ?neÌ?. JesÌ?teÌ? nejedem. Martinovskej sÌ?el na pivo. Zamknul jsem skrÌ?iÌ?nÌ?ku, strcÌ?il kliÌ?cÌ?ek do naÌ?prsniÌ? kapsy a zapnul si kabaÌ?t. Je tam freddo, vidÌ?? AsponÌ? dvacet.
+
+Tak i nyniÌ? jsem si teprve uveÌ?domil, zÌ?e v meÌ?m minuleÌ?m zÌ?ivoteÌ? byla neÌ?jakaÌ? diÌ?vka v modryÌ?ch sÌ?atech a strÌ?iÌ?brnyÌ?ch knofliÌ?kaÌ?ch! I tvaÌ?rÌ? se mi pocÌ?ala soustruhovat, avsÌ?ak nevideÌ?l jsem ani ocÌ?i, ani nosiÌ?k, a ani jsem nepamatoval barvu vlasuÌ?.
+
+Podle v eho se to zdaÌ?lo kaOÌ?d mu.
+
+A OÌ?e ty kluci sou mlad a neuvaÌ?OÌ?liviÌ?, OÌ?e nevRÌ?di co dRÌ?laj, a tak daÌ?le a tak daÌ?le.
+
+Cinci se zastaviÌ? a znovu odfrkne. MaÌ? tam jiÌ?t doopravdy?
+
+PrÌ?ijeli trÌ?i doktorÌ?i, radili se a zase odjeli. Den byl dlouhyÌ?, neuveÌ?rÌ?itelneÌ? dlouhyÌ?, pak nastala noc a trvala dlouho, dlouho ;
+
+NerÌ?ekl nic. FrantisÌ?ek je z vesnice nad nasÌ?iÌ?m meÌ?stecÌ?kem, ze Lhotky, ve ktereÌ? majiÌ? sveÌ? domovy viÌ?tr a ptaÌ?ci, jak kdesi rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? naÌ?sÌ? baÌ?sniÌ?k. VyucÌ?il se zedniÌ?kem u pana BabaÌ?ka na Place, ale rÌ?emeslo nedeÌ?laÌ?.
+
+"PocÌ?kejte chvilku, mlaÌ?denci!" zavolal na neÌ? Northmour a pak mi zasÌ?eptal do ucha, aby to nikdo neslysÌ?el. "Snad bude leÌ?pe, kdyzÌ? jiÌ? tohle vypraÌ?veÌ?t nebudesÌ?." "Naopak!" zvolal jsem.
+
+Kdo miluje, rozlisÌ?uje. Kdo nemiluje, je rozlisÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? neschopen, miÌ?siÌ? jedno s druhyÌ?m, mate jedno s druhyÌ?m.
+
+Otec rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?: paÌ? - pozdravuj Martina - je to hodnej chlapec. U dverÌ?iÌ? se obraciÌ?m a zamaÌ?vaÌ?m. Venku mneÌ? prÌ?isÌ?lo zle a saÌ?hla na mne smrt. P. S. Za hovoru mneÌ? matka prÌ?es ulicÌ?ku sediÌ?ciÌ? na vedlejsÌ?iÌ? posteli podaÌ?vaÌ? modlitebniÌ? knihu.
+
+Bezuzdnost a bezednost sveÌ?ta trvaly odjakzÌ?iva, jen neuveÌ?rÌ?itelnaÌ? a nepochopitelnaÌ? milost, neuveÌ?rÌ?itelnaÌ? a nepochopitelnaÌ?, protozÌ?e kosmickyÌ?ch rozmeÌ?ruÌ?, sveÌ?t jesÌ?teÌ? udrzÌ?ela a neuvrhla dosud v totaÌ?lniÌ? trosky. 30. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? PrÌ?isÌ?el jsem k LiÌ?deÌ? s desÌ?tniÌ?kem, kteryÌ? mi zapuÌ?jcÌ?il Friedrich Denk.
+
+Padlo tu moc dojemnyÌ?ch a pravdivyÌ?ch slov, ale jedna veÌ?ta se opakovala staÌ?le: "MaÌ?m vaÌ?s vsÌ?echny moc raÌ?d (a)." A ten pocit, kteryÌ? jsem ciÌ?tila, bylo prÌ?aÌ?telstviÌ? tak silneÌ?, zÌ?e sÌ?lo teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? nahmatat. Nikdy se nerozejdeme...
+
+a jen tvaÌ? vuÌ?le kaÌ?zÌ?e: "Vytrvej", KdyzÌ? neÌ?hu snesesÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ?nou i tvrdost, kdyzÌ? svuÌ?j jsi, vsÌ?em nechtÌ? druhem ses stal, kdyzÌ? sbratrÌ?en s davem uchovaÌ?sÌ? si hrdost a nezpysÌ?niÌ?sÌ? bytÌ? mluvil s tebou kraÌ?l, KdyzÌ? rÌ?eknesÌ?: svyÌ?mi vterÌ?inami vsÌ?emi,
+
+Nesouhlasil-li ve svyÌ?ch listech Gollovi neÌ?kdy velmi bourÌ?neÌ? s politikou prazÌ?skyÌ?ch vedouciÌ?ch kruhuÌ?, protestoval jesÌ?teÌ? hlasiteÌ?ji proti postupu viÌ?denÌ?skyÌ?ch cÌ?initeluÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ?ch.
+
+To omiÌ?laÌ?niÌ? smrti jen dokazuje, zÌ?e nejsme s to ji asimilovat. Kdybychom opravdu ciÌ?tili jejiÌ? prÌ?iÌ?tomnost, musela by naÌ?s prÌ?ipravit o spaÌ?nek i chutÌ? k jiÌ?dlu. JenzÌ?e ona naÌ?m nebraÌ?niÌ? ani v naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vaÌ?ch kina.
+
+S Thibonem je velikaÌ?, ale s deÌ?vcÌ?etem je smeÌ?sÌ?naÌ?. Tahleta fragmentaÌ?rnost se projevuje u vsÌ?ech velikyÌ?ch nebo vyÌ?znamnyÌ?ch lidiÌ?. JaÌ? bych si prÌ?aÌ?l velikost schopnou vydrzÌ?et kazÌ?deÌ?ho cÌ?loveÌ?ka v kazÌ?deÌ?m rejstrÌ?iÌ?ku na kazÌ?deÌ? uÌ?rovni, velikost zahrnujiÌ?ciÌ? vsÌ?echny zÌ?iveÌ? druhy, stejneÌ? prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?ivou nahorÌ?e jako dole.
+
+NeniÌ? to pravda. Vymyslel jsem si to.) PondeÌ?liÌ? OslniveÌ? a barevneÌ? slunce jako by prochaÌ?zelo vitraÌ?zÌ?iÌ?, zdaÌ? se, jako by praÌ?veÌ? ono nasycovalo prÌ?edmeÌ?ty barvou. Jas a stiÌ?n. DoteÌ?rnaÌ? modrÌ? nebe.
+
+Najednou... jsem pociÌ?til neÌ?co takoveÌ?ho, jako kdyby meÌ? neÌ?kdo lechtal na krku. Nesmysl. TrÌ?eba si neÌ?kdo vytaÌ?hl kapesniÌ?k a dotkl se jiÌ?m meÌ?ho krku? Ne. NeÌ?kdo meÌ? lechtal. Zcela zrÌ?etelneÌ? meÌ? prsty lechtal na krku...
+
+NeuÌ?navnyÌ? alkohol do meÌ? sÌ?tÌ?ouchaÌ? loktem v bezprostrÌ?edniÌ? bliÌ?zkosti. NaÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ? den Krajina se mi rozsedaÌ? azÌ? do kostiÌ?. LaÌ?hev, ale ne tamta, novaÌ?, a jesÌ?teÌ? trÌ?i dalsÌ?iÌ?, ve skrÌ?iÌ?ni v naÌ?rozÌ?niÌ?m pokoji s verandou, kteraÌ? vede k cesteÌ?. UÌ?teryÌ?
+
+Soudruh Kliszko beÌ?zÌ?iÌ? do pracovny soudruha GomuÅ?ky: "Soudruhu! Dostal jsi uzÌ? z LondyÌ?na anonymniÌ? dopis s vyÌ?strÌ?izÌ?ky z Dzienniku PolskeÌ?ho?" "To ne, ale praÌ?veÌ? jsem dostal anonymniÌ? dopis z LondyÌ?na s vyÌ?strÌ?izÌ?kem z Tygodniku PolskeÌ?ho!" " VyÌ?borneÌ?!
+
+UzÌ? jsem neveÌ?rÌ?il, zÌ?e v sobeÌ? seberu siÌ?lu se ze vsÌ?eho dostat, a napadaly mne hloupeÌ? mysÌ?lenky. Z letargie mne vytrhla vyÌ?stava na KarloveÌ? naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ? a ve Viole. - Ale byl jsem tak sÌ?vorcovyÌ?, zÌ?e mne komplexovalo se na vyÌ?stavaÌ?ch ukazovat.
+
+MilyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?teli Milane. Tak jsem do teÌ?to chviÌ?le, kdy zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ?m psaÌ?t dopis, civeÌ?l do praÌ?zdna a neveÌ?deÌ?l jsem, komu napiÌ?sÌ?i.
+
+... SveÌ?t se zachveÌ?je pod naÌ?stupem umeÌ?niÌ?. NasÌ?e planeta bude neprÌ?ebernou klenotniciÌ? tvaruÌ? a novyÌ?ch podneÌ?tuÌ?. NadchaÌ?ziÌ? umeÌ?leckyÌ? vrchol lidstva... Rozbor. - NeÌ?kdy se potkaÌ?te s ciziÌ?m cÌ?loveÌ?kem.
+
+Chytil meÌ? s medveÌ?diÌ? duÌ?veÌ?rnostiÌ? za klopu saka a pravil: "TozÌ? neblaÌ?zni, ty, Ludvo! VsÌ?ak viÌ?sÌ?, zÌ?e jsme tu jenom dva: ty a jaÌ?!" OdchaÌ?zeje maÌ?vl velkoryse rukou a pravil: "Ty uzÌ? si neÌ?jak poradiÌ?sÌ?."
+
+Nebo kdyby meÌ? v meÌ? slabosti prÌ?istihl neÌ?kdo jinyÌ?, dÌ?aÌ?belsky nemilostnyÌ?! - Ale to se uzÌ? nestacÌ?iÌ? staÌ?t, ona ziÌ?tra odjiÌ?zÌ?diÌ?. NeprÌ?iÌ?tel omylem ustupuje, neveÌ?da, zÌ?e mi uzÌ? nezbyl jedinyÌ? naÌ?boj. BudÌ? teda sbohem.
+
+"Co je, co je?" rÌ?ekl jsem, abych ji z toho vytrhl.
+
+UÌ?teryÌ? 29. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? 1942 MilaÌ? Kitty, kdyzÌ? se lideÌ? schovaÌ?vajiÌ?, zazÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? veÌ?ci! ProtozÌ?e nemaÌ?me vanu, myjeme se ve dzÌ?beru, a protozÌ?e teplaÌ? voda tecÌ?e jen v kancelaÌ?rÌ?i (tiÌ?m miÌ?niÌ?m vzÌ?dycky celeÌ? dolejsÌ?iÌ? poschodiÌ?), vyuzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?me teÌ?to vyÌ?hody po rÌ?adeÌ?.
+
+Zrozeno v pelechu lotrovskeÌ?m, uÌ?rÌ?ady zarÌ?azeno mezi jarmarecÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?bavy, meÌ?lo urcÌ?iteÌ? zpuÌ?soby luÌ?zy, ktereÌ? vaÌ?zÌ?neÌ? lidi pohorsÌ?ovaly, byla to zaÌ?bava pro zÌ?eny a deÌ?ti ;
+
+ObeÌ? rozuzleniÌ? jsou vlastneÌ? jedniÌ?m jedinyÌ?m, a´ uzÌ? umiÌ?raÌ?m, abych se zrodil ve slaÌ?veÌ?, nebo atÌ? slaÌ?va prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? prÌ?edem a zabiÌ?jiÌ? meÌ?, vzÌ?dycky je v meÌ? chuti psaÌ?t zahrnuto odmiÌ?taÌ?niÌ? zÌ?iÌ?t.
+
+Za vaÌ?lky jsem meÌ?l spoluzÌ?aÌ?ky, kteryÌ?m gestapo prÌ?i heydrichiaÌ?deÌ? popravilo otce (naprÌ?iÌ?klad Jarmilu HrdlicÌ?kovou a dalsÌ?iÌ?).
+
+Bez krÌ?iÌ?zÌ?ovek a krÌ?izÌ?ovatek Kde svaÌ?tek matek neniÌ? svaÌ?tek A popelecÌ?niÌ? je i paÌ?tek Ve snu si odbyÌ?vajiÌ? trest Kdo chodiÌ? po palubeÌ? lodiÌ? PociÌ?tiÌ? prÌ?ed prÌ?istaÌ?niÌ?m zmatek ViÌ? zÌ?e uzÌ? cesta tam je lest ZÌ?e ztraceneÌ? jsou bez psuÌ? rodin A v toÌ?nech zasÌ?krcenyÌ?ch sordin
+
+Vstoupil jsem do sveÌ?ta, kteryÌ? byl v troskaÌ?ch saÌ?m, 2. hledat v neÌ?m laÌ?sku vsÌ?ech, hlas bliÌ?zkyÌ? komukoli, 3. okamzÌ?ik ve veÌ?tru, vrzÌ?enyÌ? kdoviÌ?kam, 4. nesouciÌ? prycÌ? i to, co zoufalec si zvoliÌ?. 114 (OD 5.
+
+VyÌ?drzÌ?, discipliÌ?na. DuÌ?stojniÌ?k s cÌ?ernyÌ?mi vousy. OcitaÌ?m se v desÌ?ti kulek. MeÌ? pocity. VeliteleÌ? obracejiÌ? koneÌ?. VsÌ?echno marneÌ?. NasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? naÌ?s nepronaÌ?sledujiÌ?, to by byla katastrofa. SnazÌ?iÌ? se zformovat brigaÌ?du k druheÌ?mu uÌ?toku, ale marneÌ?. Manujlovovi vyhrozÌ?ujiÌ? nagany.
+
+ZnechucovaÌ?niÌ? jako systeÌ?m "Tak madam, jak byste hodnotila svou dosavadniÌ? praÌ?ci v redakci?" Touto obvyklou formulkou, ve ktereÌ? pouze vymeÌ?nil osloveniÌ? podle toho, kdo proti neÌ?mu usedl, zacÌ?iÌ?nal novyÌ? sÌ?eÌ?fredaktor svoje rozhovory s byÌ?valyÌ?mi straniÌ?ky.
+
+VsÌ?echno se jako obvykle sÌ?ilo horkou jehlou. I kdyzÌ? se o miÌ?tinku veÌ?deÌ?lo uzÌ? dva tyÌ?dny, v televizi se nenasÌ?el nikdo, kdo by se odvaÌ?zÌ?il zaÌ?vazneÌ? potvrdit a nebo zamiÌ?tnout naÌ?vrh zpravodajstviÌ? prÌ?enaÌ?sÌ?et ho prÌ?iÌ?myÌ?m prÌ?enosem.
+
+slibnost ohlasu, jejzÌ? bylo lze ocÌ?ekaÌ?vat od kulturniÌ?ho raÌ?zu a zaÌ?jmu miÌ?stniÌ?ho prostrÌ?ediÌ?, tedy strucÌ?neÌ? vzato, miÌ?stniÌ? poptaÌ?vka ; dobovaÌ? sveÌ?tovaÌ? cÌ?tenaÌ?rÌ?skaÌ? aktualita ; potrÌ?eba spojit pojem cÌ?eskosti veveÌ?domiÌ? publika s neÌ?kolika zaÌ?kladniÌ?mi duchovniÌ?mi zjevy a smeÌ?ry.
+
+Vypadala senzacÌ?neÌ?, jenzÌ?e i kdyzÌ? jiÌ? bylo teprv osmnaÌ?ct, daÌ?vala najevo, zÌ?e se nedaÌ? jen tak opiÌ?t rohliÌ?kem. MuÌ?j naÌ?vrh prÌ?ijala chladneÌ? a bylo jasneÌ?, zÌ?e se prÌ?isÌ?la nechat prÌ?emlouvat.
+
+Stop! zakrÌ?icÌ?el jsem, kdyzÌ? jsem si uveÌ?domil, zÌ?e jsem tady zrÌ?ejmeÌ? i prÌ?es pozÌ?aÌ?ry. Stop! Stop! Stop!
+
+Zbytek je zaÌ?lezÌ?itostiÌ? jakeÌ?hosi podivneÌ?ho dozraÌ?vaÌ?niÌ?. Teprve kdyzÌ? je cÌ?loveÌ?k k tomu zralyÌ?, neÌ?jakaÌ? veÌ?c ho zaujme a on se do niÌ? zamiluje.
+
+NejdelsÌ?iÌ? vztah, kteryÌ? ale Valmont v knize zazÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?, ho spojuje s jeho zÌ?enskyÌ?m proteÌ?jsÌ?kem - madame de Merteuil. Je to zÌ?ena stejneÌ? bystraÌ?, okouzlujiÌ?ciÌ? a eroticky rafinovanaÌ? jako on. Ve vsÌ?em se mu vyrovnaÌ?.
+
+ObsÌ?tÌ?astneÌ?n tou tisiÌ?cerou kraÌ?sou noveÌ? prÌ?iÌ?rody, uprÌ?el jsem zrak do budoucnosti. Ale cestovat, a dokonce daleko cestovat, azÌ? pod jineÌ? hveÌ?zdy a do jinyÌ?ch sveÌ?tuÌ?, neznamenalo uniknout EvropeÌ? a starosti o ni.
+
+V ObecniÌ?m domeÌ? na oslaveÌ? padesaÌ?tin RipkovyÌ?ch. VecÌ?er u Rudy. 27. U dr. PolaÌ?ka, na CharvaÌ?tovo naleÌ?haÌ?niÌ?.
+
+To teÌ? baviÌ?? To neÌ?. Tak procÌ? to deÌ?laÌ?sÌ?? NeÌ?co deÌ?lat musiÌ?m. A co by teÌ? bavilo? Ten fotbal prÌ?ece. JaÌ? jsem rychlej a on meÌ? staviÌ?. Je to dobrej klub? Moc neÌ?. ProcÌ?? MaÌ? maÌ?lo dobrejch.
+
+DOPIS (EveÌ? rkovaÌ?, Eva > KantuÌ?rkoveÌ?) MilaÌ? Evo, DolniÌ? MeÌ?sto 11. cÌ?ervence 1984 deÌ?kuju opozÌ?deÌ?neÌ? za prÌ?aÌ?niÌ?, ale kvuÌ?li tomu nepiÌ?sÌ?u.
+
+Kdysi jej dostal od Brahmse, kteryÌ? takoveÌ? doutniÌ?ky rozdaÌ?val na znameniÌ? nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? spokojenosti. TakeÌ? na Velikonoce jsme cÌ?asto byÌ?vali v Praze. O jednom hledaÌ?niÌ? vajiÌ?cÌ?ek v SchoÌ?nbornskeÌ? zahradeÌ? jsem se jizÌ? zmiÌ?nil.
+
+JakyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem, do jakeÌ? miÌ?ry, jakeÌ? budou brzdy, ktereÌ? budou braÌ?nit inflaci? Brzdy budou dvojiÌ?ho typu. HlavniÌ? brzdou je to, zÌ?e musiÌ?me vytvorÌ?it rovnovaÌ?hu na trhu.
+
+NeprÌ?aÌ?teleÌ? noveÌ?ho naÌ?bozÌ?enstviÌ? obteÌ?zÌ?ovali Muhammadovy manzÌ?elky. SebemensÌ?iÌ? incident zavdaÌ?val prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?inu ke klevetaÌ?m. Jedna manzÌ?elka se dotkla prÌ?i vecÌ?erÌ?i ruky hosta, kdyzÌ? mu podaÌ?vala taliÌ?rÌ? s jiÌ?dlem. DalsÌ?iÌ? se stala tercÌ?em neslusÌ?nyÌ?ch poznaÌ?mek, kdyzÌ? si v noci odskocÌ?ila ven na latriÌ?nu.
+
+C. LaserovaÌ? (GDR) 4745 b. 1980 N. TkacÌ?enkovaÌ? (URS) 5083 b. O. RukivicÌ?nikovovaÌ? (URS) 4937 b. bronz G. BystrovovaÌ? (URS) 4956 b. A. ToÌ?thovaÌ? (HUN) 4959 b.
+
+1896 P. Masson (FRA) 17: 54.2 L. Flameng (FRA) bronz A. Schmal (AUT) 20000 m na draÌ?ze zlato strÌ?iÌ?bro 1906 W. Pett (GBR) 29: 0.0 M. Bardonneau (FRA) 29: 30, O
+
+zlato strÌ?iÌ?bro 1964 K. BojarskichovaÌ? (URS) 17: 50.5 M. LehtonenovaÌ? (FIN) 17: 52.9 1968 T. GustafssonovaÌ? (SWE) 16: 45.2 G. KulakovovaÌ? (URS) 16: 48.4
+
+BERGENSKAÌ? TRATÌ? BergenskaÌ? horskaÌ? tratÌ? naÌ?lezÌ?iÌ? k takzvanyÌ?m divuÌ?m techniky. Divy techniky, to jsou zpravidla tunely a viadukty ; ale BergenskaÌ? tratÌ? maÌ? tu zvlaÌ?sÌ?tnost, zÌ?e tu majiÌ? tunely, abych tak rÌ?ekl, umeÌ?leÌ?, vybudovaneÌ? nad zemiÌ?, postaveneÌ? z traÌ?muÌ? a prken.
+
+ZatiÌ?m pastyÌ?rÌ? rozviÌ?jiÌ? sveÌ? naÌ?zory o vyÌ?choveÌ? deÌ?tiÌ? nebo o cÌ?em ; ovecÌ?ky kyÌ?vajiÌ? hlavami a s obdivem pisÌ?tiÌ? yes, indeed a how true ; potom si duchovniÌ? vuÌ?dce narazil hlavu o strÌ?echu auta a ztratil rÌ?ecÌ? ; i podiÌ?val se oknem na zÌ?uloveÌ? hory -
+
+Za VelaÌ?zquezem musiÌ?te do Madridu, jednak proto, zÌ?e ho tam je nejviÌ?c, jednak proto, zÌ?e praÌ?veÌ? tam vypadaÌ? skoro samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? uprostrÌ?ed pysÌ?neÌ?ho zÌ?ivota ve strÌ?iÌ?zliveÌ?m raÌ?mu, mezi tou panovnickou okaÌ?zalostiÌ? a lidovyÌ?m halasem, v tom meÌ?steÌ? palcÌ?iveÌ?m a chladneÌ?m zaÌ?rovenÌ?.
+
+V roce 1935 muselo pak do boje proti "vsÌ?enicÌ?iÌ?ciÌ?" Pele byÌ?t pouzÌ?ito tehdy nejmoderneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? zbraneÌ? americkeÌ? armaÌ?dy! Na proudy laÌ?vy, ktereÌ? tentokraÌ?te ohrozÌ?ovaly Hilo z bezprostrÌ?edniÌ? bliÌ?zkosti, svrhovaly bombardeÌ?ry typu Keystone dveÌ? steÌ? dvacet peÌ?t kilogramuÌ? teÌ?zÌ?keÌ? pumy.
+
+Prostor mezi brÌ?ehem Nilu a uÌ?patiÌ?m skalnateÌ?ho naÌ?vrsÌ?iÌ? (135 m) na zaÌ?pad od neÌ?ho byl v dobeÌ? vyÌ?zkumu sÌ?irokyÌ? 25 m, ale kdyzÌ? hladina Nilu lezÌ?ela na puÌ?vodniÌ? uÌ?rovni, dosahoval nejmeÌ?neÌ? dvojnaÌ?sobneÌ? sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?e.
+
+Do letniÌ? zaÌ?plavy roku 1965 maÌ? vystoupit o 6 metruÌ?, proto chceme byÌ?t do konce roku se stavbou hotovi.
+
+RaÌ?dio je v porÌ?aÌ?dku. PrÌ?esto meÌ? najednou prÌ?epadla nejistota. KrouzÌ?iÌ?m a hledaÌ?m druheÌ? krÌ?iÌ?dlo. Znovu volaÌ?m BohousÌ?e: Jakou maÌ?sÌ? vyÌ?sÌ?ku, rychlost, nad cÌ?iÌ?m letiÌ?sÌ?? Jsem porÌ?aÌ?d za tebou,... tedÌ? jsem teÌ? ztratil.
+
+VasÌ?e obcÌ?anskaÌ? totozÌ?nost - nasÌ?e posledniÌ? nadeÌ?je! MysliÌ?te, zÌ?e hosteÌ? nepoznajiÌ?, z cÌ?eho je ta rosÌ?teÌ?nka, kterou je cÌ?astujete? Kdyby asponÌ? ta psiÌ? kozÌ?ka nevisela v prÌ?edsiÌ?ni na veÌ?sÌ?aÌ?ku! ProcÌ? jste ji hned neodnesli do SBEÌ?RNYÌ?CH SUROVIN? | PrÌ?iÌ?sÌ?teÌ? snad budete moudrÌ?ejsÌ?iÌ?!
+
+Eroticky i profesionaÌ?lneÌ? jej vzrusÌ?ovala "vagina dentata", a zÌ?aÌ?dnou jinou zÌ?enu nechteÌ?l nezÌ?li takto vybavenou. NasÌ?el ji v osobeÌ? sv. Mrtule, ozubeneÌ? panny.
+
+n Hojnou meÌ?rou zaslouzÌ?iÌ? sv. SÌ?pulka prÌ?iÌ?zvisko "reaÌ?lnaÌ? panna", nebotÌ? jako prvniÌ? zÌ?ena pod sluncem dokaÌ?zala prodaÌ?vat sveÌ? teÌ?lo, a prÌ?itom zuÌ?stat cÌ?istou! NezÌ? se stala reaÌ?lnou pannou, byla totizÌ? sv. SÌ?pulka pannou morÌ?skou.
+
+To se budou koupat v DneÌ?pru i sami od sebe, a za to uzÌ? mohou dostat vstupenku do nebe. Zato vzdeÌ?lance, v tom, care, nebudem se prÌ?iÌ?ti, musiÌ?me hned nejen pokrÌ?tiÌ?t, ale i prÌ?ekrÌ?tiÌ?ti. Poznatek to prÌ?ece, paÌ?ni,
+
+ZmodralaÌ?, ztuhlaÌ? ruka v peÌ?st, vyplaÌ?zlyÌ? jazyk, z vosku cÌ?elo - A nad tiÌ?m gloriola hveÌ?zd. Z kostela zvoniÌ? - "pokoj lidem", oÌ?, to zniÌ? jako rouhaÌ?niÌ? pro nahou biÌ?du beze klidu. A sletujiÌ? se havrani. PoprchaÌ? neunavneÌ?, staÌ?le
+
+z teÌ?ch oken krytyÌ?ch pecÌ?liveÌ? na dlazÌ?bu slizkou, studenou proud sveÌ?tla padaÌ? hyÌ?rÌ?iveÌ?. (1905) POZDEÌ?JSÌ?IÌ? BAÌ?SNEÌ? 1908 a daÌ?le ZRCADLA ZRCADLO A DUSÌ?E Zrcadla staraÌ?, svity umrÌ?eleÌ? a dojemneÌ?, hladiny slepeÌ?! Plamen vychladlyÌ? a hlubinnyÌ?
+
+zrÌ?iÌ?t sveÌ?zÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?da ztepilaÌ? revolty deÌ?sem prochviÌ?vanaÌ?!... UzÌ? tajemnaÌ? se line sÌ?tÌ?aÌ?va, trestÌ? moudrosti a iluziÌ?, Strom PoznaÌ?niÌ? uzÌ? zjezÌ?en maÌ?vaÌ?, sto vidin v kazÌ?deÌ? haluzi, svou sÌ?irou korunou a vlaje azÌ? ke slunci a sneÌ?niÌ? saje! OhromnyÌ? strome vyÌ?sostnyÌ?,
+
+lzÌ?e kdo nazval kloboucÌ?nickeÌ? salony veselyÌ?mi poprveÌ? na kolena v chraÌ?mu kde stropu nedohleÌ?dnesÌ? kde na sloup v prÌ?iÌ?tmiÌ? byla prÌ?itisknuta sutina zÌ?eny svazecÌ?ek jak bez hlavy se kteryÌ?m se uzÌ? nepocÌ?iÌ?taÌ? kteryÌ? vsÌ?ak dosud dyÌ?chal bohuzÌ?el a v pasaÌ?zÌ?i za sklem kde varÌ?ili kaÌ?vu Valentin bavil pokladniÌ?
+
+VyleÌ?zaÌ?m z ulity, stahuji se do ulity a opeÌ?t vyleÌ?zaÌ?m a zase se stahuji. KasÌ?lu na to, co si o tom mysliÌ? chrobaÌ?ci. ZÌ?izÌ?kovskeÌ? rcÌ?eniÌ?: Co by pes nebral, kdyzÌ? cÌ?ubka daÌ?! Dialog o filmu.
+
+To je ale v nemocniciÌ?ch zakaÌ?zaÌ?no. Byly z toho neustaÌ?leÌ? konflikty, prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m s primaÌ?rÌ?em. KourÌ?il jsem v noci pod perÌ?inou. Byl jsem tak zeslaÌ?blyÌ?, zÌ?e jsem se neudrzÌ?el na nohou.
+
+VsÌ?em vsÌ?echno vem, jen meÌ? mi ponech. BozÌ?e. Hle totÌ? je laÌ?ska, kruteÌ? velikaÌ?. (Viktor Dyk) CÌ?loveÌ?k se nemuÌ?zÌ?e nechat zmyÌ?lit tiÌ?m, zÌ?e se stmiÌ?vaÌ? a rozedniÌ?vaÌ?, zÌ?e se stmiÌ?valo a rozedniÌ?valo a zÌ?e se bude stmiÌ?vat a rozedniÌ?vat.
+
+PrÌ?ijela Maria z GdanÌ?ska. LideÌ? za mnou jezdiÌ? sem do teÌ? vesnice. A vidiÌ?m, jak se mnou ciÌ?tiÌ?. PrÌ?ivaÌ?zÌ?ejiÌ? mi svou laskavost a vliÌ?dneÌ? slovo.
+
+Po deseti letech zase spolu ArnosÌ?teÌ? JencÌ?i ty a jaÌ? nebo jaÌ? a jaÌ? ty vyslovenyÌ? jaÌ? nevyslovitelnyÌ? S poprasÌ?kem sneÌ?hu ve vlasech sneÌ?hu v srdci to je veÌ?k moudrosti Moudrosti o cÌ?em? MaÌ? jedinaÌ? moudrost spocÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? v tom zÌ?e vsÌ?e je tajemneÌ?
+
+Gitanos Gitanos, BoheÌ?miens, Tziganes, TschinganieÌ?, hole plneÌ? zaÌ?rÌ?ezuÌ?, botky a pantofle, nemoci vyhaÌ?neÌ?neÌ? poleÌ?vaÌ?niÌ?m se ledovou vodou a sÌ?paneÌ?lskyÌ?mi mouchami. Melaloch byl ptaÌ?k, kteryÌ? prÌ?isÌ?el na tento sveÌ?t s dveÌ?ma hlavami a se sÌ?pinavyÌ?m sÌ?edivyÌ?m perÌ?iÌ?m.
+
+ve ktereÌ? se zrodil SEVER v chladneÌ? mastnoteÌ? a s vyÌ?jimecÌ?nyÌ?mi prÌ?iÌ?zvuky s vaÌ?mi se vsÌ?emi pod zatazÌ?enou strÌ?echou s platnyÌ?m naÌ?jemnyÌ?m a s vysÌ?isovanyÌ?mi deÌ?tmi s dokonalyÌ?mi obleky ktereÌ? si raÌ?di zapiÌ?naÌ?te uprostrÌ?ed ulice cÌ?isteÌ? tvaÌ?rÌ?e s nahozenyÌ?mi uÌ?smeÌ?vy muÌ?j kabaÌ?t kdyzÌ? vyjednaÌ?vaÌ?m na konci ulice
+
+a z hercuÌ? souvisle crcÌ?el pot zpod peÌ?ti vrstev kostyÌ?mu, do teÌ?ch prosÌ?iÌ?vanyÌ?ch dek je baliÌ?me, aby vypadali statneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?, rÌ?ekl nejmensÌ?iÌ? a nejstarsÌ?iÌ? Japonec, maÌ?te neÌ?jakeÌ? otaÌ?zky? odpoveÌ?deÌ?l bych tedÌ? prÌ?ed prÌ?estaÌ?vkou. Jak rÌ?esÌ?iÌ? herci probleÌ?m horka,
+
+a prÌ?edcÌ?iÌ?taÌ? sveÌ? nenaÌ?padneÌ? nemiÌ?stneÌ? baÌ?sneÌ?, nabiÌ?raÌ? vzduch teÌ?to zimy couvajiÌ?ciÌ? do nekonecÌ?na, cÌ?asto se dotyÌ?kaÌ? volnou rukou cÌ?ela, jezÌ? je jako lehkaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?ka, prÌ?es kterou staÌ?le slabeÌ? doleÌ?haÌ? neÌ?jakyÌ? panikaÌ?rÌ?skyÌ? vsÌ?etelevizniÌ? program, zde uzÌ? jen vyÌ?krÌ?iky, temneÌ? uÌ?dery, tajnosnubnaÌ? hudba
+
+Je jedna zemeÌ?, jeden sveÌ?t, kde veÌ?ci nezniÌ? klamnou rÌ?ecÌ?iÌ?, kde neniÌ? bolestiÌ? a beÌ?d a uÌ?zkostiÌ? a nebezpecÌ?iÌ?, kde ani radostiÌ? a kraÌ?s a nadeÌ?jiÌ? a prÌ?aÌ?niÌ? neniÌ?, kde vsÌ?ecko deÌ?niÌ?, prostor, cÌ?as se hroutiÌ? v praÌ?zdneÌ?m umrtveniÌ?.
+
+je sluÌ?vkem TajemstviÌ? v takovyÌ?ch dnech Snad je ho praÌ?veÌ? nejviÌ?c ve vsÌ?ednosti veÌ?cÌ?neÌ? opakovaneÌ? TrÌ?i muzÌ?i hrajiÌ?ciÌ? v karty se samyÌ?m osudem a paniÌ? s rucÌ?niÌ? praciÌ? K puÌ?lnoci se potichu vytraÌ?cejiÌ? jen jeden karbaniÌ?k se schoulil spiÌ? OÌ? zaspat zÌ?al Venku je hustaÌ? noc tak cÌ?astaÌ? v baÌ?sniÌ?ch
+
+potom stejnou ruku zvedla - no jeÌ?zÌ?isÌ?, ta sedla. Po piÌ?sniÌ?ch JaromiÌ?ra Nohavici pocÌ?iÌ?taÌ?m sÌ?tychy na palici, to jak popadla sukovici a hnala meÌ? azÌ? na ulici, ale zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ?m uzÌ? tusÌ?it, procÌ? musiÌ? porÌ?aÌ?d do meÌ? busÌ?it,
+
+pivo, rum, pivo, rum, pivo, pivo, pivo, rum. KdyzÌ? uzÌ? jsem si myslel, zÌ?e z nich smiÌ?chy pojdu, pivo, rum, pivo, rum, pivo, pivo, pivo, rum,
+
+UzÌ? jde rudoch od vaÌ?lu UzÌ? jde rudoch od vaÌ?lu, votviÌ?raj ' se hroby, sveÌ?t se vraciÌ? k normaÌ?lu a von do vyÌ?roby. CÌ?teme vo tom v zÌ?urnaÌ?lu denneÌ? asponÌ? dvakraÌ?t: UzÌ? jde rudoch od vaÌ?lu, o tom neniÌ? sporu,
+
+Z Denveru vede silnice na zaÌ?pad na Fair Play, neniÌ? nijak sÌ?patnaÌ?, ale neniÌ? ani nej, a po hodineÌ?, po dvou jiÌ?zdy dostanesÌ? se k meÌ?stecÌ?ku Grant, jsou to vlastneÌ? dohromady tak dveÌ?, trÌ?i, cÌ?tyrÌ?i chalupy
+
+na sÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? zÌ?e prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? spoliÌ?hat nelze: staviÌ? ho kontrola ve zÌ?lutyÌ? volze. NezapiÌ?ral RiÌ?sÌ?a, veÌ?deÌ?l, zÌ?e chybil, rÌ?ek ', zÌ?e cÌ?tyry grogy prÌ?ed chviÌ?liÌ? vypil, byl ihned podroben krevniÌ?mu testu, na neÌ?mzÌ? je zaÌ?vislaÌ? i vyÌ?sÌ?e trestu,
+
+ach, BeÌ?lo, BeÌ?lo, BeÌ?lo maÌ?, sdeÌ?lila jsi mi susÌ?e, zÌ?e cÌ?loveÌ?k taky teÌ?lo maÌ?, ve ktereÌ?m siÌ?dliÌ? dusÌ?e. AcÌ?koli nejsem zbabeÌ?lyÌ?, jaÌ? vaÌ?hal dlouho drahneÌ?: chtiÌ?t prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? mnoho od BeÌ?ly a skoncÌ?it v mravniÌ?m bahneÌ?,
+
+vsÌ?ak hlavu jsem si roztrÌ?iÌ?skl a octl jsem se dole, a tu mi rarach napiÌ?skal, bych vymeÌ?nil jim role, pryÌ? trÌ?eba zmeÌ?ny. MaÌ? hlava tudiÌ?zÌ? drÌ?ela, pecÌ?ujiÌ?c o chleba, a ruka podeprÌ?ela, kde mravuÌ? potrÌ?eba,
+
+jau - jau, zas mi neÌ?kdo sÌ?laÌ?pl na pravej prst, puÌ?jdu natrhat si bylinek plnou hrst, vezmu na obklaÌ?dek, ze zbytku udeÌ?laÌ?m piÌ?t, slonuÌ?m prej chutnaÌ? viÌ?c. = 1. + jau... Mayovky NedveÌ?di
+
+ViÌ?sÌ?, jim by se styÌ?skalo a mneÌ? zrovna tak, kdo by ovlaÌ?dal jerÌ?aÌ?b a haÌ?k, kdo by zahoukal sanitkou a opravil vlak, tak jesÌ?teÌ? chviÌ?li, snad rok, snad pak. Ta holka, co vzal jsem si, co maÌ?m raÌ?d,
+
+uzÌ? nebudu si nikdy s tvyÌ?mi vlasy hraÌ?t, tady naÌ?m stopy koncÌ?iÌ?, tady se rozchaÌ?ziÌ?, je to jen spadlyÌ? listiÌ?, kteryÌ? se rozhaÌ?ziÌ?. A kdyzÌ? se ziÌ?tra vzbudiÌ?sÌ? a bude sviÌ?taÌ?niÌ?, uvidiÌ?sÌ?, jak slunce mlhu rozhaÌ?niÌ?,
+
+to se roura stydeÌ?la, a kdyzÌ? mi zbyl posledniÌ? papiÌ?r, hned jsem veÌ?deÌ?l co s niÌ?m udeÌ?laÌ?m, roh na roh - sÌ?lo to bez probleÌ?muÌ?, jen jestli poletiÌ?, z toho meÌ?l jsem trochu treÌ?mu,
+
+kocaÌ?bku naÌ?ram -, naÌ?ramnou. SoudnyÌ? den SpirituaÌ?l kvintet ZdaÌ?l se mi sen, zÌ?e se nebe hroutiÌ?, zdaÌ?l se mi sen o posledniÌ? pouti, zdaÌ?l se mi sen, zÌ?e vsÌ?echno seberou ti v ten soudnyÌ? den. Kam beÌ?zÌ?et maÌ?m, Slunce rychle chladne,
+
+ZÌ?elviÌ? blues Tu ze steÌ?n na meÌ? padaÌ? ZÌ?elviÌ? blues LiÌ?neÌ? a staleteÌ? ZÌ?elviÌ? blues JaÌ? nemaÌ?m vuÌ?bec raÌ?da VzÌ?dytÌ? je prokleteÌ? To na cÌ?loveÌ?ka neÌ?kdy padne StejneÌ? jak na zÌ?elvu VaÌ?m uzÌ? nepomuÌ?zÌ?e zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? JineÌ? blues NezÌ? zÌ?elviÌ? blues ZÌ?elviÌ? blues Tu ze steÌ?n na meÌ? padaÌ? ZÌ?elviÌ? blues
+
+TatiÌ?nek musiÌ? zas do praÌ?ce. Papej, papej, papej! MlcÌ?, za hodinku tu budu zas. (OdbeÌ?hne,) PARAZIT: Ve mneÌ? se uzÌ? vsÌ?echno varÌ?iÌ?. Ten staryÌ? lotr! (BliÌ?zÌ?iÌ? se k otvoru.) To je nespravedlivost!
+
+SlysÌ?iÌ?sÌ?, kuklo? Co jsi chteÌ?la rÌ?iÌ?ci? Mluv jesÌ?teÌ?! (Nese ji v naÌ?rucÌ?iÌ?.) Mrtva! Jak je lehyÌ?nkaÌ?, oÌ? bozÌ?e, jak je kraÌ?snaÌ?! ProcÌ? musela umrÌ?iÌ?t? K cÌ?emu ten hroznyÌ? nesmysl! MusÌ?ko!
+
+(Pauza.) - Aha, vy se mnou nechcete mluvit? - Taky dobrÌ?e! PROFESOR (velmi susÌ?e): Tady zuÌ?stat! LOUPEZÌ?NIÌ?K: Tak co? PROFESOR: VyklidiÌ?te duÌ?m... na rozkaz uÌ?rÌ?adu.
+
+(KomornaÌ? odejde.) PRUS: Vy - vy ho prÌ?ijmete - tedÌ?? prÌ?ede mnou? EMILIA: JdeÌ?te zatiÌ?m vedle. PRUS (zvedaÌ? portieÌ?ru): - - Canaille! (Zajde.) (Hauk - SÌ?endorf vejde.)
+
+MladiÌ?k: Pro nebozÌ?tiÌ?ka. CihlaÌ?rÌ?: (podaÌ? masku VeÌ?rÌ?e) Tu nechci. MneÌ? stacÌ?iÌ? nos. (NasadiÌ? si velkyÌ? nos) PrÌ?edseda: Jak maliÌ? veÌ?noveÌ?. CihlaÌ?rÌ?: (podaÌ?vaÌ? PrÌ?edsedovi masku) Vem si taky, ne bud srab. SÌ?karohliÌ?de.
+
+PLZAÌ?K: Notak deÌ?laly se na ZahajovaÌ?rneÌ? chyby, deÌ?laly, to viÌ?me vsÌ?ichni! HlavneÌ?, zÌ?e to bude celyÌ? tak neÌ?jak v rukou profiÌ?ka - HUGO: Co mysliÌ?sÌ?, nebude mi haÌ?zet klacky pod nohy? PLZAÌ?K: HistorickaÌ? nutnost je historickaÌ? nutnost - to pochopiÌ?.
+
+Je to zrÌ?ejmeÌ? bohateÌ? na chytaÌ?ky. Ale jaÌ? se chytit nedaÌ?m! RÌ?EDITEL: Ne? HUGO: Ne. RÌ?EDITEL: No tak kdo to tedy muÌ?zÌ?e zahaÌ?jit? HUGO: Kdo? No jisteÌ? prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?nyÌ? zahajovacÌ?. RÌ?EDITEL: PrÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?nyÌ? zahajovacÌ??
+
+Bosa? BEDRÌ?ICH Jsem prÌ?iÌ?tel rodiny. Dlouho se nevracela. SÌ?el ses podiÌ?vat a nasÌ?el ji v prÌ?edsiÌ?ni mrtvou. NeÌ?kdo ji usÌ?krtil, ani nehlesla, a utekl. KAREL MAX Kdo to byl? BEDRÌ?ICH MaÌ?sÌ? po sveÌ?teÌ? maÌ?lo neprÌ?aÌ?tel? VsÌ?ichni prusÌ?tiÌ? junkerÌ?i teÌ? nenaÌ?vidiÌ?.
+
+To uzÌ? zneÌ?lo moc zle. Vyzval ji mlcÌ?ky, aby se posadila. "TatiÌ?nku, moje rÌ?ecÌ? bude strucÌ?naÌ?: Karel pije." Sova poslouchal mlcÌ?ky. Snacha dodala: "Abych to uprÌ?esnila - pije v praÌ?ci." "Jak to viÌ?sÌ??"
+
+"Pane kolego, viÌ?taÌ?m vaÌ?s u naÌ?s - uzÌ? jsem myslel, zÌ?e se nedostaviÌ?te." "JaÌ? neveÌ?rÌ?il vlastniÌ?m ocÌ?iÌ?m, zÌ?e je to skutecÌ?neÌ? tady."
+
+I prÌ?i silneÌ? kostrÌ?e muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t pes usÌ?lechtilyÌ? a souladnyÌ?, stejneÌ? jako prÌ?i slabeÌ? kostrÌ?e muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t neharmonickyÌ? a nesouladnyÌ?.
+
+PodobneÌ? i prvniÌ? odruÌ?dy hrnkovyÌ?ch kveÌ?tin byly vysÌ?lechteÌ?ny v polovineÌ? 60 - tyÌ?ch a pocÌ?aÌ?tkem 70 - tyÌ?ch let (japonskeÌ? a indickeÌ? azalky).
+
+neexistuje univerzaÌ?lniÌ? postup pro zavedeniÌ? noveÌ? DNA do rostlinneÌ?ho genomu - pouzÌ?itiÌ? Agrobacterium tumefaciens jako vektoru je mozÌ?neÌ? pouze u dvoudeÌ?lozÌ?nyÌ?ch rostlin ; alternativniÌ? navrzÌ?eneÌ? postupy pro jednodeÌ?lozÌ?neÌ? nejsou zatiÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? efektivniÌ? pocÌ?et izolovanyÌ?ch, sÌ?lechtitelsky zajiÌ?mavyÌ?ch genuÌ?, je zatiÌ?m velmi omezen
+
+Biomasa je takeÌ? tzv. CO 2 neutraÌ?lniÌ? - to znamenaÌ?, zÌ?e CO 2 vyprodukovanyÌ? prÌ?i spalovaciÌ?m procesu se rovnaÌ? CO 2 asimilovaneÌ?mu prÌ?i ruÌ?stu fotosynteÌ?zou.
+
+JmenoviteÌ? dva MalevicÌ?ovy raneÌ? texty, pochaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ? prÌ?es pochybnost T. Andersena z roku 1913. Je v nich poprveÌ? nejenom uzÌ?ito slovo "suprematismus", ale i v metaforickyÌ?ch termiÌ?nech prÌ?edznacÌ?ena filozofie a estetika MalevicÌ?ovy noveÌ? maliÌ?rÌ?skeÌ? orientace.
+
+Socha se maÌ? miÌ?sit s horami, se stromy, s oblaÌ?zky, a vsÌ?echny tyto cÌ?laÌ?nky se majiÌ? sbliÌ?zÌ?it a vytvaÌ?rÌ?et celek... " (J. MiroÌ?).
+
+DalsÌ?iÌ?m probleÌ?mem teÌ?to oblasti ekonomie je, jak vuÌ?bec posoudit efektivnost vyÌ?dajuÌ? na tuto cÌ?aÌ?st verÌ?ejneÌ?ho sektoru. Tyto probleÌ?my jsou aktuaÌ?lniÌ? v nasÌ?iÌ? republice zejmeÌ?na v teÌ?to dobeÌ?, kdy vstupujeme do NATO.
+
+Podporovat veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? odpoveÌ?dnost obciÌ? prÌ?i plaÌ?novaÌ?niÌ?, realizaci, monitorovaÌ?niÌ? a vyhodnocovaÌ?niÌ? postupuÌ? v turistickeÌ? politice, programech a projektech v kontextu s naÌ?rodniÌ?mi zaÌ?jmy a prioritami a za tiÌ?mto uÌ?cÌ?elem realizovat verÌ?ejneÌ? kampaneÌ?, informujiÌ?ciÌ? obyvatelstvo o prospeÌ?chu, kteryÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e skyÌ?tat rozvoj turistiky. 2.
+
+VniÌ?maneÌ? riziko zahrnuje sociaÌ?lniÌ? rizika (co tomu rÌ?eknou ostatniÌ?) a ekonomickaÌ? rizika (skutecÌ?neÌ? uzÌ?itky, jejich relace k ceneÌ?). VniÌ?maneÌ? riziko roste s vyÌ?znamnostiÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? (investovanaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stka), s naÌ?kupniÌ? nejistotou a klesaÌ? se sebeduÌ?veÌ?rou spotrÌ?ebitele.
+
+jestli bude prÌ?izpuÌ?sobovat samotneÌ? vyÌ?robky, pokud jde naprÌ?. o jejich design, velikost, baleniÌ? i samotneÌ? vlastnosti vyÌ?robku, bude-li vyuzÌ?iÌ?vat stejnou znacÌ?ku, cÌ?i bude-li muset vzhledem k odlisÌ?neÌ?mu kulturniÌ?mu prostrÌ?ediÌ? tuto znacÌ?ku zcela modifikovat, cÌ?i alesponÌ? prÌ?izpuÌ?sobit,
+
+Existenci teÌ?chto faÌ?zi lze vysveÌ?tlit naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem. PrvniÌ? faÌ?ze je prÌ?iÌ?znacÌ?naÌ? pro zemeÌ? s sÌ?irokyÌ?m spotrÌ?ebitelskyÌ?m trhem a znacÌ?nyÌ?mi vyÌ?daji na vyÌ?zkum a vyÌ?voj. Trh je zdrojem potencionaÌ?lniÌ? poptaÌ?vky pro noveÌ? vyÌ?robky sÌ?irokeÌ? spotrÌ?eby. PrvniÌ? vyÌ?robci noveÌ?ho vyÌ?robku majiÌ? sveÌ?tovyÌ? monopol.
+
+- sÌ?irokeÌ? pojetiÌ? sociaÌ?lniÌ? politiky, ktereÌ? vymezuje sociaÌ?lniÌ? oblast pokud mozÌ?no co nejsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eji, sociaÌ?lniÌ? politika se orientuje zejmeÌ?na na ovlivnÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? zÌ?ivotniÌ?ch podmiÌ?nek obyvatelstva a na dlouhodobeÌ? koncepcÌ?niÌ? uÌ?vahy v teÌ?to oblasti,
+
+V USA se neÌ?jakyÌ?m druhem klimatickeÌ?ho vyÌ?zkumu zabyÌ?vaÌ? nejmeÌ?neÌ? 300 - 400 instituciÌ?.
+
+Je vsÌ?ak zcela zrÌ?etelneÌ?, zÌ?e ve skutecÌ?nosti byl u katastru B naÌ?ruÌ?st lesuÌ? mnohem vyÌ?znamneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?, nebotÌ? lesniÌ? plochy se na neÌ?m staly prakticky hegemonem. Tento praktickyÌ? rozdiÌ?l je "indexem zaplneÌ?nosti" vystizÌ?en takto:
+
+nejspustlejsÌ?iÌ? sbeÌ?rÌ? spotvorÌ?eniÌ? padousÌ?i osel z DeÌ?lnickyÌ?ch novin staÌ?do ohavnyÌ?ch jesÌ?teÌ?ruÌ? pitomeÌ? fantasmagorie biÌ?dneÌ? zmije kat pravdy spustlaÌ? ta banda malicherniÌ? troupoveÌ? zjev prÌ?iÌ?meÌ?ho kretenismu dle kocÌ?icÌ?iÌ? logiky jeho zeleniÌ? papousÌ?koveÌ? ohavnaÌ? to nestvuÌ?ra zviÌ?rÌ?e zÌ?vatlaÌ? daÌ?le telaÌ?tko v zajecÌ?iÌ? kuÌ?zÌ?i potrÌ?esÌ?teÌ?nec hejno prolhanyÌ?ch biÌ?dniÌ?kuÌ? prÌ?izvucÌ?ejiÌ?ciÌ? jim hlupci papiÌ?roviÌ? rekoveÌ?
+
+Aby mu porozumeÌ?la i vojska bratrova, slozÌ?il Karel prÌ?iÌ?sahu ve staroneÌ?meckeÌ?m a LudviÌ?k ve starofrancouzskeÌ?m jazyce. Jde tedy o nejstarsÌ?iÌ? znaÌ?myÌ? dokument napsanyÌ? v obou naÌ?rodniÌ?ch jazyciÌ?ch. BratrovrazÌ?ednyÌ? boj byl ukoncÌ?en roku 843 verdunskou smlouvou o rozdeÌ?leniÌ? rÌ?iÌ?sÌ?e.
+
+Brzy nato pozbyl rÌ?iÌ?sÌ?skyÌ? sneÌ?m do jisteÌ? miÌ?ry na vyÌ?znamu. Od roku 1663 zasedal totizÌ? jakozÌ?to permanentniÌ? rÌ?iÌ?sÌ?skyÌ? sneÌ?m (immerwaÌ?hrender Reichstag) v RÌ?ezneÌ?, a tam uzÌ? nebyla kniÌ?zÌ?ata zastoupena osobneÌ?, nyÌ?brzÌ? prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m staÌ?lyÌ?ch vyslancuÌ?.
+
+Je zrÌ?ejmeÌ?, zÌ?e i s omezenyÌ?mi prostrÌ?edky musiÌ? knihovna pokryÌ?t naÌ?kupem fonduÌ? profil univerzity, nebotÌ? ztraÌ?ty by se dotkly negativneÌ? jak pracovniÌ?kuÌ?, tak studentuÌ? univerzity.
+
+Tedy Web muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t meÌ?diem interaktivniÌ?m a verÌ?ejnost aktivniÌ?m akteÌ?rem hromadneÌ? komunikace. NaviÌ?c hypertextovyÌ? charakter WWW umozÌ?nÌ?uje daÌ?vat sdeÌ?lovaneÌ? informace, prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? i reakce, do kontextu s ostatniÌ?mi webovyÌ?mi dokumenty, prÌ?istupovat k nim na rozdiÌ?l od klasickyÌ?ch mediiÌ? nelineaÌ?rneÌ? a zesilovat tak jejich puÌ?sobeniÌ?.
+
+No a konecÌ?neÌ? i ekologicky smyÌ?sÌ?lejiÌ?ciÌ? poteÌ?sÌ?iÌ? trocha usÌ?etrÌ?eneÌ?ho papiÌ?ru. Program byl tedy dostatecÌ?neÌ? pestryÌ? a kazÌ?dyÌ? si v neÌ?m mohl najiÌ?t neÌ?co pro sebe.
+
+Aktualizace: meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ? FormaÌ?t: online, CD - ROM AIDSDRUGS Producent: CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse (NAC) AIDS Clinical Trials Service, Rockville, USA BaÌ?ze prÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?ejiÌ?ciÌ? informace o cca 80 leÌ?ciÌ?ch testovanyÌ?ch v leÌ?cÌ?beÌ? AIDS a souvisejiÌ?ciÌ?ch oportunniÌ?ch infekciÌ?ch.
+
+1999, cÌ?. 2 'cit. 1999 - 02 - 01'. ZAVINAÌ?CÌ? V BEZBARVEÌ?M NAÌ?LEVU BEZ CHUTI
+
+na jednotliveÌ? jazykoveÌ? mutace. Pokud textovyÌ? browser nevlastniÌ?te, zkuste si ho emulovat tak, zÌ?e sveÌ?mu prohliÌ?zÌ?ecÌ?i zakaÌ?zÌ?ete nacÌ?iÌ?tat obraÌ?zky, obvykle zjistiÌ?te, zÌ?e klikaciÌ? mapa je bez obraÌ?zku velmi podobnaÌ? ruskeÌ? ruleteÌ? (snad jen bez teÌ?ch sÌ?patnyÌ?ch koncuÌ?).
+
+CO S RASTROVYÌ?MI / OBRAZOVYÌ?MI DATY? NaÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ? rÌ?aÌ?dky vznikly jako reakce na cÌ?laÌ?nek "DjVu - komprimace bez kompromisu", ve snaze nabiÌ?dnout cÌ?tenaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?m Ikara jinyÌ? pohled na rastrovaÌ? data a probleÌ?my s jejich zprÌ?iÌ?stupneÌ?niÌ?m na Internetu.
+
+DalsÌ?iÌ? podmiÌ?nkou je, zÌ?e plaÌ?tce daneÌ? maÌ? danÌ?ovyÌ? doklad. MusiÌ? tedy obdrzÌ?et patrÌ?icÌ?nyÌ? diÌ?l tiskopisu JCD od celniÌ?ho uÌ?rÌ?adu.
+
+Mohli bychom se domniÌ?vat, zÌ?e soudniÌ? spory souvisejiÌ?ciÌ? s probleÌ?mem roku 2000 budou zahajovaÌ?ny azÌ? po kritickeÌ?m datu. Opak je ale pravdou a prvniÌ? zÌ?aloby jizÌ? byly v zahranicÌ?iÌ? podaÌ?ny a kolotocÌ? soudniÌ?ch sporuÌ? se roztaÌ?cÌ?iÌ?.
+
+Dojde-li jesÌ?teÌ? ke splynutiÌ? orgaÌ?nuÌ? vysÌ?etrÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? s operativniÌ?mi orgaÌ?ny, bude postupnyÌ? rozklad ukoncÌ?en. Pak jizÌ? v budoucnu, v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ?, zÌ?e se tento postup ukaÌ?zÌ?e mylnyÌ?m, bude velmi obtiÌ?zÌ?neÌ? daÌ?vat vsÌ?e do souladu s drÌ?iÌ?veÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?mi prÌ?edstavami a zaÌ?rukami zaÌ?konnosti.
+
+Na postizÌ?eneÌ?ho cÌ?asto nahliÌ?zÌ?ejiÌ? jako na hlupaÌ?ka, osobu, kteraÌ? si takoveÌ? jednaÌ?niÌ? zavinila sama, nebo postizÌ?eneÌ?ho zcela bezcitneÌ? staviÌ? do pozice objektu v kriminaÌ?lniÌ? situaci.
+
+To platiÌ? jak o dohodovaciÌ?m rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? o raÌ?mcoveÌ? smlouveÌ? dle § 17 odst. 2, tak o dohodovaciÌ?m rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? o hodnoteÌ? bodu a vyÌ?sÌ?i uÌ?hrad zdravotniÌ? peÌ?cÌ?e dle § 17 odst. 5 zaÌ?k. cÌ?. 48/1997 Sb.
+
+Vedle obecnyÌ?ch duÌ?voduÌ? zrusÌ?eniÌ? uvedenyÌ?ch v ust. § 68 obchodniÌ?ho zaÌ?koniÌ?ku upravuje zaÌ?kon i speciaÌ?lniÌ? duÌ?vody pro komanditniÌ? spolecÌ?nost, ktereÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e daÌ?le doplnit spolecÌ?enskaÌ? smlouva. ObecneÌ? platiÌ?, zÌ?e se komanditniÌ? spolecÌ?nost zrusÌ?uje zaÌ?nikem uÌ?cÌ?asti spolecÌ?niÌ?ka - komplementaÌ?rÌ?e.
+
+¸ durativnost: deÌ?lat (durativum) Aspekty a subtypy perfektiva: ¸ rezultativnost (neutraÌ?lniÌ? a obecnyÌ?): napsat ¸ momentaÌ?lnost: slovesa na - nout (slovesa momentaÌ?lniÌ?) ¸ distributivnost: pozaviÌ?rat (distributivum)
+
+ZatiÌ?mco v literaÌ?rniÌ? neÌ?mcÌ?ineÌ? je atribut vyjaÌ?drÌ?enyÌ? vedlejsÌ?iÌ? vztazÌ?nou veÌ?tou s uvozovaciÌ?m wie beÌ?zÌ?nyÌ?m vyjadrÌ?ovaciÌ?m prostrÌ?edkem, v cÌ?esÌ?tineÌ? tomu tak neniÌ?. Vliv neÌ?mcÌ?iny tu vsÌ?ak podle naÌ?s neniÌ? trÌ?eba hodnotit negativneÌ?. 2. Vazby:
+
+Jako adresaÌ?ta zvolila "kazÌ?deÌ?ho, kdo se zajiÌ?maÌ? o procesy dorozumiÌ?vaÌ?niÌ?: studenta, ucÌ?itele, osveÌ?toveÌ?ho pracovniÌ?ka, novinaÌ?rÌ?e a publicistu chaÌ?paneÌ?ho v sÌ?irokeÌ?m smyslu...", a snazÌ?ila se o "vyvaÌ?zÌ?enost textu mezi odbornyÌ?m vyÌ?kladem a popisnyÌ?mi informacemi" (s.
+
+Po niÌ? naÌ?sleduje seznam vsÌ?ech variant rozdeÌ?lenyÌ?ch podle druhuÌ? odchylek od standardniÌ? varianty.
+
+SÌ?iÌ?rÌ?e i hloubka autorova zaÌ?beÌ?ru je imponujiÌ?ciÌ?. OldrÌ?ich UlicÌ?nyÌ? JAKUB DEML 1 ModerniÌ? umeÌ?niÌ? je umeÌ?niÌ?m velkyÌ?ch meÌ?st. Jakub Deml cÌ?iniÌ? v tom vyÌ?jimku. Byl a zuÌ?stal venkovanem. Jeho osudem byl Tasov, meÌ?stecÌ?ko na moravskeÌ? straneÌ? CÌ?eskomoravskeÌ? vysocÌ?iny.
+
+Byly mu jen pomiÌ?jivyÌ?mi zaÌ?blesky neÌ?jakeÌ? jineÌ? mozÌ?nosti existovat. UÌ?kolem filosofovyÌ?m je ucÌ?init si tuto extatickou zkusÌ?enost trvalou. ExtatickaÌ? zkusÌ?enost cÌ?loveÌ?ka vychyluje ze zÌ?ivota. Padnout do teÌ?to propasti znamenalo by zahubit se. NyniÌ? maÌ? vsÌ?ak byÌ?t extatickaÌ? zkusÌ?enost pojata do zÌ?ivota. MaÌ? jej promeÌ?nit.
+
+PraÌ?veÌ? tato prÌ?ekrocÌ?enaÌ? hranice (hranice, za kterou koncÌ?iÌ? moje jaÌ?) meÌ? prÌ?itahuje. Teprve za niÌ? zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? tajemstviÌ?, na ktereÌ? se ptaÌ? romaÌ?n.
+
+unaveneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? vcÌ?era (ProtozÌ?e ve snu cestuji) Snem vstupuje do Wernischovy poezie kategorie cÌ?asu. I zde jsou vsÌ?ak hranice mezi tiÌ?m, co bylo, je cÌ?i bude, sevrÌ?eny. CÌ?as
+
+ChteÌ?la by dcerÌ?i rÌ?iÌ?ci, aby v zÌ?ivoteÌ? nehledala velkeÌ? sÌ?teÌ?stiÌ?, "protozÌ?e velikeÌ? sÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? neudrzÌ?iÌ?sÌ? jako velikou vodu, velikyÌ? ohenÌ? nebo velikeÌ? peniÌ?ze".
+
+PuÌ?sobeniÌ? Moravy nemiziÌ?, ani kdyzÌ? byla ze staÌ?tniÌ? organizace vymazaÌ?vaÌ?na: moravskyÌ? zrÌ?etel si asponÌ? v kulturÌ?e a v deÌ?jinaÌ?ch zachovaÌ?vaÌ? platnost a nemuÌ?zÌ?e jej uneÌ?st jedineÌ? Brno ; spolecÌ?enstviÌ? moravskyÌ?ch krajuÌ? na tomto poli nemusiÌ? takeÌ? neÌ?st oÌ?dium nonsensu tzv. tripartitniÌ? federace.
+
+JestlizÌ?e dnesÌ?niÌ? zÌ?ivot prÌ?izpuÌ?sobuje tradicÌ?niÌ?mu deÌ?joveÌ?mu scheÌ?matu, pak ztraÌ?ciÌ? obraz svuÌ?j dnesÌ?niÌ? smysl, protozÌ?e mu byl vnucen cizorodyÌ? prvek. MusiÌ? tedy vytvaÌ?rÌ?et fabuli, kteraÌ? je v duchu toho, co odpozoroval.
+
+StacÌ?iÌ? to vsÌ?ak, abychom ProchaÌ?zku nazvali jednodusÌ?e "zbeÌ?silcem"? PopravdeÌ? rÌ?ecÌ?eno, cÌ?tenaÌ?rÌ? SeifertovyÌ?ch vzpomiÌ?nek je tu v nevyÌ?hodeÌ?, nebotÌ? vesmeÌ?s nemaÌ? potuchy, jak vlastneÌ? kritik "ve sveÌ?m zbeÌ?sileÌ?m rozhorleniÌ?" pokracÌ?uje.
+
+Divadlo Elegie jsou sbiÌ?rkou velkeÌ?ho neklidu. Jejich situace pulsujiÌ? nervnostiÌ?: nikde neniÌ? mozÌ?neÌ? spocÌ?inout ; uÌ?teÌ?chu neprÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dnaÌ? chviÌ?le ; kazÌ?deÌ? "uvnitrÌ?" je jenom do cÌ?asu, tj. prÌ?esneÌ? do chviÌ?le, nezÌ? se puÌ?vodneÌ? vyhleÌ?dnutaÌ? pevnost promeÌ?nÌ?uje ve veÌ?zeniÌ?.
+
+NeÌ?kdy "jaÌ?" coby osa a puÌ?vodce promluvy zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? skryto v epicky distancovaneÌ?m postoji ; na sceÌ?nu jsou uvaÌ?deÌ?ny - po zpuÌ?sobu pohaÌ?dky - jen jednajiÌ?ciÌ? postavy: Byl jeden prÌ?evozniÌ?k. V kraji, kde neniÌ? mostuÌ?, prÌ?evaÌ?zÌ?el pocestneÌ? na nedostupnyÌ? brÌ?eh. (18)
+
+PrÌ?ekladatel maÌ? prÌ?eklaÌ?dat ideoveÌ? estetickyÌ? obsah, jehozÌ? je text jen nositelem. Text saÌ?m je totizÌ? podmiÌ?neÌ?n jazykem, ve ktereÌ?m je diÌ?lo stylizovaÌ?no, a proto mnoheÌ? hodnoty je trÌ?eba vyjaÌ?drÌ?it v cÌ?esÌ?tineÌ? prostrÌ?edky jinyÌ?mi.
+
+11 G. R. GacÌ?ecÌ?iladze: Problema realisticÌ?eskogo perevoda, Tiflis 1961, 36 12 I. KasÌ?kin: O jazyke perevoda, Literaturnaja gazeta, 1. 12. 1951.
+
+PrÌ?i leÌ?cÌ?beÌ? obezity doporucÌ?uje stravu o niÌ?zkeÌ?m obsahu tuku a prochaÌ?zky ; 1864 - W. Banting publikuje "PojednaÌ?niÌ? o otylosti urcÌ?eneÌ? verÌ?ejnosti", v neÌ?mzÌ? popisuje redukcÌ?niÌ? dietu sestavenou na zaÌ?kladeÌ? rad leÌ?karÌ?e W. Harveyho, ; 1879 - vyroben sacharin jako prvniÌ? naÌ?hrazÌ?ka cukru.
+
+farmakoterapii ; chirurgickou leÌ?cÌ?bu. 8.1. Kdy maÌ?me zacÌ?iÌ?t s leÌ?cÌ?bou nadvaÌ?hy cÌ?i obezity? PrÌ?i vyÌ?beÌ?ru leÌ?cÌ?ebnyÌ?ch metod je trÌ?eba vziÌ?t v uÌ?vahu veÌ?k pacienta, stupenÌ? nadvaÌ?hy, charakter rozlozÌ?eniÌ? tuku a prÌ?iÌ?tomnost zdravotniÌ?ch komplikaciÌ? obezity.
+
+4a. Ampicillinum (Ampicilin LeÌ?cÌ?iva caps. 125, 250, 500 mg, tbl. pro inf. 125 mg, sir. sic. 250 mg/5 ml, inj. sic. 500 mg ; Ampicilin Biotika inj. sic.
+
+PodmiÌ?nkou uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?neÌ? terapie je spraÌ?vnaÌ? hydratace, v lehcÌ?iÌ?ch prÌ?iÌ?padech peroraÌ?lneÌ?, u zaÌ?vazÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch prÌ?iÌ?paduÌ? parenteraÌ?lneÌ?. Je nutneÌ? sledovat diureÌ?zu a mineralogram. Glukokortikoidy jsou neuÌ?cÌ?inneÌ? a podaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? sedativ kontraindikovaÌ?no, neklid diÌ?teÌ?te je z hypoxeÌ?mie.
+
+KdyzÌ? vyucÌ?uji, zaÌ?rovenÌ? se i ucÌ?iÌ?m.
+
+Lokalizace naÌ?doroveÌ?ho lozÌ?iska v jednotlivyÌ?ch lalociÌ?ch mozku je bez vlivu na prognoÌ?zu onemocneÌ?niÌ?, hluboko ulozÌ?eneÌ? naÌ?dory, tedy lokalizace v bazaÌ?lniÌ?ch gangliiÌ?ch cÌ?i talamu, je prognosticky neprÌ?iÌ?znivaÌ?.
+
+K rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? subglotickyÌ?ch stenoÌ?z nebo tracheaÌ?lniÌ?ch stenoÌ?z je vyuzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?n silikonovyÌ? T - tubus, kteryÌ? navrhl v roce 1965 Montgomery. ZavedeniÌ? tohoto typu endobronchiaÌ?lniÌ? proteÌ?zy prÌ?edpoklaÌ?daÌ? tracheaÌ?lniÌ? uÌ?stiÌ?, prÌ?es neÌ?zÌ? je zavedena a potom pomociÌ? rigidniÌ?ho bronchoskopu umiÌ?steÌ?na.
+
+Celkem lze tedy hodnotit pacienta 0 - 12 body v prvniÌ?m a 0 - 9 body ve druheÌ?m skoÌ?rovaciÌ?m systeÌ?mu. K odlisÌ?eniÌ? noveÌ? trombotickeÌ? epizody od rozviÌ?jejiÌ?ciÌ?ho se postrombotickeÌ?ho syndromu je nutno dodrzÌ?et jistaÌ? dohodnutaÌ? pravidla: nutnyÌ? je odstup 6 meÌ?siÌ?cuÌ? od objeveniÌ? se symptomatologie postflebitickeÌ?ho syndromu ;
+
+Efekt neurolyÌ?zy trvaÌ? tyÌ?dny azÌ? meÌ?siÌ?ce, nezÌ? nerv zregeneruje. MuÌ?zÌ?e vsÌ?ak dojiÌ?t i ke zhorsÌ?eniÌ? bolestiÌ?, jestlizÌ?e prÌ?i bloku je nerv uzÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stecÌ?neÌ? "denervovaÌ?n".
+
+pozorujeme, zda se zvedaÌ? a klesaÌ? hrudniÌ?k ; poslouchaÌ?me, dyÌ?chaÌ?-li postizÌ?enyÌ? ; sledujeme, ciÌ?tiÌ?me-li vydechovanyÌ? vzduch.
+
+Robot pojmenovanyÌ? Nomad byl diÌ?lem tyÌ?mu Williama Whittakera z Carnegie Mellon University v Pittsburghu. Hmotnost cÌ?tyrÌ?koloveÌ?ho vozidla je 250 kg. S jeho pohyblivostiÌ? i "inteligenciÌ?" jsou veÌ?dci spokojeni. V pousÌ?ti urazil za sÌ?est tyÌ?dnuÌ? 215 km a byl prÌ?itom naprogramovaÌ?n na sbeÌ?r meteorituÌ?.
+
+skupinoveÌ? (stranickeÌ?, stavovskeÌ?, trÌ?iÌ?dniÌ?) vuÌ?le, jak je uvaÌ?deÌ?ti v soulad, jak je vyrovnaÌ?vati a organisovati v jednu hromadnou vuÌ?li, jezÌ? je vyÌ?sledniciÌ? vsÌ?ech teÌ?chto cÌ?aÌ?stecÌ?nyÌ?ch vuÌ?liÌ? a usiluje uplatnit se mocensky navenek v konkurenci mezinaÌ?rodniÌ?. V praktickeÌ?m ohledu pak je
+
+ZaÌ?lezÌ?iÌ? na tom, zda mysÌ?lenka vuÌ?dcova je sociaÌ?lniÌ?m dobrodruzÌ?stviÌ?m, fantasiiÌ?, utopiiÌ? cÌ?i sociaÌ?lniÌ?m prÌ?edviÌ?daÌ?niÌ?m. ZaÌ?lezÌ?iÌ? na tom, zda vuÌ?dce pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? mnozÌ?stviÌ? k tomu, aby uskutecÌ?nil deÌ?jinnyÌ? ziÌ?trÌ?ek, jejzÌ? prÌ?edviÌ?daÌ? na zaÌ?kladeÌ? sveÌ? osviÌ?cenosti, sveÌ? znalosti
+
+OvsÌ?em prÌ?i prÌ?evazÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? organicÌ?nosti teÌ?chto jedincuÌ? a primitivniÌ? spolecÌ?nosti bylo jisteÌ? egoismu viÌ?ce. A je i dnes snad jesÌ?teÌ? egoismu viÌ?ce prÌ?es znacÌ?neÌ? pokrocÌ?ilyÌ? zduchovnÌ?ovaciÌ? proces spolecÌ?enskyÌ?, cÌ?i spiÌ?sÌ?e projevuje se duÌ?razneÌ?ji. Spencer mohl praÌ?vem jistiti, zÌ?e je egoismu
+
+TakeÌ? ve SpolkoveÌ? republice by mohla silneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? eurokomunistickaÌ? strana byÌ?t v mnoheÌ?m ohledu liberalizujiÌ?ciÌ?m faktorem. Normalizovaly by se mnoheÌ? veÌ?ci. V teÌ?to zemi neniÌ? naprÌ?iÌ?klad v Institutu Maxe Plancka rÌ?editel nebo rÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? profesor nebo cokoliv jineÌ?ho soucÌ?asneÌ? marxista.
+
+co znamenaÌ? slovo falzifikace/falzifikovatelnost pouzÌ?iÌ?vaneÌ? Popperem ve smyslu, kteryÌ? neprÌ?edviÌ?daÌ? anglickyÌ? slovniÌ?k? ChteÌ?l naleÌ?zt slovo, ktereÌ? mohl postavit proti verifikovatelnosti.
+
+(LidskeÌ?, prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? lidskeÌ? I, § 637) "- musiÌ?me zrazovat, dopousÌ?teÌ?t se neveÌ?ry, vzdaÌ?vat se svyÌ?ch ideaÌ?luÌ?."
+
+NeÌ?ktereÌ? sdeÌ?lovaciÌ? prostrÌ?edky sÌ?ly ve sveÌ?m hysterickeÌ?m zaÌ?chvatu jesÌ?teÌ? daÌ?l. LidoveÌ? noviny prÌ?etiskly v plneÌ?m zneÌ?niÌ? cÌ?laÌ?nky bratislavskeÌ?ho studentskeÌ?ho cÌ?trnaÌ?ctideniÌ?ku Echo k prÌ?ipravovaneÌ?mu staÌ?tniÌ?mu prÌ?evratu.
+
+NeniÌ? mozÌ?neÌ? oddeÌ?lit "staÌ?tniÌ? zaÌ?lezÌ?itosti" od vsÌ?ech teÌ?ch nosnyÌ?ch rysuÌ? obcÌ?anskeÌ?ho zÌ?ivota, s nimizÌ? jsou spojovaÌ?ny.
+
+je to prÌ?aÌ?niÌ? vzhledem k lidskeÌ? prÌ?irozenosti praÌ?veÌ? tak falesÌ?neÌ? jako sebeklamneÌ?. OdlozÌ?me znepokojivyÌ? probleÌ?m sexuaÌ?lniÌ?ho chovaÌ?niÌ? na chviÌ?li stranou a soustrÌ?edÌ?me se na otaÌ?zku verÌ?ejneÌ? slusÌ?nosti.
+
+SlozÌ?itosti spolecÌ?enskeÌ?ho zÌ?ivota budou naÌ?s vzÌ?dycky nutit ustupovat z pozÌ?adavkuÌ? ideaÌ?lneÌ? spravedlivyÌ?ch vztahuÌ?.
+
+Po prÌ?ecÌ?teniÌ? knihy se ve cÌ?tenaÌ?rÌ?oveÌ? prÌ?edstavivosti usadiÌ? tato triumfujiÌ?ciÌ? deÌ?vka jako pudovyÌ? segment a uzÌ? navzÌ?dy - tak jako v hrabeÌ?ti Muffatovi, kteryÌ? je Nanou posedlyÌ? - v neÌ?m utkviÌ?: "zuÌ?stane prÌ?ed jeho ocÌ?ima, v jeho teÌ?le".
+
+PrÌ?edstavme si smysÌ?lenyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?klad. KazÌ?deÌ?mu, kdo byl prÌ?iÌ?tomen na prÌ?edvaÌ?nocÌ?niÌ? schuÌ?zi katedry neuniklo, zÌ?e dr. MiÌ?ka a doc. Srnec se nemajiÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? raÌ?di.
+
+Jestli se zmeÌ?niÌ? legislativa, puÌ?jde mozÌ?naÌ? o vhodnou kombinaci. PRÌ?IÌ?BEÌ?HY V PSYCHOTERAPII Dana PeÌ?tivokaÌ? DaÌ?sÌ?-li neÌ?komu rybu, zasytiÌ?sÌ? ho pouze jednou. NaucÌ?iÌ?sÌ?-li ho, jak ryby chytat, nakrmiÌ? se provzÌ?dy. OrientaÌ?lniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?sloviÌ?
+
+PraÌ?ce klinickeÌ?ho psychologa zahrnuje psychologickou diagnostiku, poradenstviÌ? a psychoterapii. V oblasti psychologickeÌ? diagnostiky si musiÌ? byÌ?t psycholog veÌ?dom, a upozornÌ?ovat na to i ostatniÌ?, zÌ?e jeho diagnoÌ?za je psychologickaÌ?, a ne vzÌ?dy se kryje s diagnoÌ?zou psychiatra.
+
+Je to pravda, kteraÌ? nepochaÌ?ziÌ? z objevuÌ?, ktereÌ? jsou dnes ucÌ?ineÌ?ny a ziÌ?tra prÌ?ekonaÌ?ny, ani z teoriiÌ?, ktereÌ? postihujiÌ? vzÌ?dy jen cÌ?aÌ?sti a plochy pohledu, nikdy ne celek ; spiÌ?sÌ?e pravda, kteraÌ? pochaÌ?ziÌ? z veÌ?cÌ?neÌ?ho puÌ?vodu a postihuje celou skutecÌ?nost.
+
+TakeÌ? on chteÌ?l pomociÌ? JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ?ova rodokmene "znaÌ?zornit abstraktniÌ? pravdu". Na cÌ?em mu praÌ?vem zaÌ?lezÌ?elo, muÌ?zÌ?eme relativneÌ? lehce poznat, kdyzÌ? budeme bliÌ?zÌ?e zkoumat zvlaÌ?sÌ?tnosti JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ?ova "rodokmene":
+
+do vasÌ?eho zÌ?ivota a do vasÌ?ich dnuÌ? a do zÌ?ivota celeÌ?ho Izraele, brzy a v bliÌ?zkeÌ? dobeÌ?. Na to odpoviÌ?dejte: Amen. Jeho velkeÌ? jmeÌ?no atÌ? je velebeno na veÌ?ky veÌ?kuÌ?! " (Citace podle: J. J. Petuchowski, Beten
+
+Kdo si prÌ?ivlastniÌ? tuto BozÌ?iÌ? vuÌ?li, ten daÌ?vaÌ? jizÌ? dnes vznik BozÌ?iÌ?mu kraÌ?lovstviÌ? ve sveÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ? a daÌ?vaÌ? Bohu mozÌ?nost podat jizÌ? dnes duÌ?kaz o tom, zÌ?e je Otcem. Co vsÌ?ak zuÌ?stane pro neÌ?j osobneÌ??
+
+I kdyzÌ? jizÌ? bylo zrÌ?ejmeÌ?, zÌ?e nakonec se od neÌ?j vsÌ?ichni odvraÌ?tiÌ? a zÌ?e jeho zÌ?ivot se ocitne v nebezpecÌ?iÌ?, prÌ?esto daÌ?l pokracÌ?oval ve sveÌ? politice univerzaÌ?lniÌ?ho prÌ?ijetiÌ?.
+
+ChudyÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?k je vzÌ?dycky trpeÌ?livyÌ?m cÌ?loveÌ?kem. V zÌ?ivoteÌ? musiÌ? cÌ?asto cÌ?ekat a je schopen prÌ?ijmout i svoji praÌ?zdnotu prÌ?ed Bohem. ViÌ?, zÌ?e je vyjaÌ?drÌ?eniÌ?m reality, a maÌ? dostatek cÌ?asu i pokory, aby mohl cÌ?ekat, nezÌ? se PaÌ?n vraÌ?tiÌ?.
+
+VytvaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? raÌ?mec transcendentniÌ? nadeÌ?je pro odvraceniÌ? sveÌ?tskeÌ? beznadeÌ?je. Stanovuje podobnost tak nepodobnyÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? jako je smrt, revoluce, vyÌ?hra milioÌ?nu a svatba, ktereÌ? prÌ?edstavujiÌ? diÌ?lcÌ?iÌ? zhrouceniÌ? sociaÌ?lneÌ? konstruovanyÌ?ch a zabydlenyÌ?ch sveÌ?tuÌ?.
+
+V druheÌ? kapitole se Przeworski soustrÌ?edÌ?uje na instituce, ktereÌ? vznikajiÌ? v pruÌ?beÌ?hu prÌ?echodu k demokracii.
+
+jeho pozdeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? role v sociaÌ?lniÌ? teorii spocÌ?iÌ?vala v oznacÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? kontrastu k tradici obecneÌ? ; a jak bylo naznacÌ?eno vyÌ?sÌ?e, v soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? je nejleÌ?pe definovaÌ?n tak, zÌ?e relativizuje vsÌ?echny zavedeneÌ? vzorce a konfrontuje je s otevrÌ?enyÌ?m historickyÌ?m horizontem.
+
+Ze vsÌ?ech teÌ?chto uÌ?dajuÌ? zanesenyÌ?ch do pameÌ?tiÌ? pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?uÌ? byl vybraÌ?n vzorek 1 manzÌ?elskeÌ?ho paÌ?ru na 10 tis. obyvatel na zaÌ?kladeÌ? scÌ?iÌ?taÌ?niÌ? 1806 podle jednotlivyÌ?ch francouzskyÌ?ch departementuÌ?, a to tak, zÌ?e vzÌ?dy sÌ?lo o rodinu zalozÌ?enou v letech 1803 azÌ? 1832 muzÌ?em s prÌ?iÌ?jmeniÌ?m zacÌ?iÌ?najiÌ?ciÌ?m piÌ?smeny TRA.
+
+Jejich naÌ?zory o povaze staÌ?tniÌ? moci se rozchaÌ?zejiÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m v tom, jak je chaÌ?paÌ?n vztah mezi staÌ?tem a (obcÌ?anskou) spolecÌ?nostiÌ?. S jistou miÌ?rou zjednodusÌ?eniÌ? lze rozdiÌ?lnost jejich pojetiÌ? vyjaÌ?drÌ?it naÌ?sledovneÌ?:
+
+TakeÌ? tato firma maÌ? osmdesaÌ?tiletou tradici. Na rozdiÌ?l od DOMUSu, cozÌ? byl rodinnyÌ? podnik, byla MECHANICA prÌ?ed znaÌ?rodneÌ?niÌ?m akciovou spolecÌ?nostiÌ?. OpeÌ?t jiÌ? je.
+
+NaÌ?zorovaÌ? diference v tomto okruhu probleÌ?muÌ? je pomeÌ?rneÌ? dobrÌ?e charekterizovanaÌ? rozlozÌ?eniÌ?m souhlasnyÌ?ch cÌ?i nesouhlasnyÌ?ch postojuÌ? k vyÌ?roku "MuzÌ? maÌ? vydeÌ?laÌ?vat peniÌ?ze a zÌ?ena se maÌ? starat o domaÌ?cnost a rodinu" (viz tabulku 2). Tabulka 2.
+
+Tak zachraÌ?nit divokou - aklimatizovanou populaci koroptviÌ?, kteraÌ? po vypusÌ?teÌ?niÌ? je bezprobleÌ?movaÌ?. Ke komorovaÌ?niÌ? je mozÌ?no vyuzÌ?iÌ?t mnohde byÌ?valyÌ?ch volieÌ?r po odchovu bazÌ?antuÌ?. OdchytaneÌ? koroptve by bylo mozÌ?no pouzÌ?iÌ?t i pro zazveÌ?rÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ?ch honiteb. VypousÌ?teÌ?niÌ? umeÌ?le odchovanyÌ?ch koroptviÌ?ch kurÌ?at je stejneÌ? neefektivniÌ? jako u bazÌ?antuÌ?.
+
+UÌ? / 07.03 / 17.26 / 07.27 / 19.41 / OldrÌ?ich 21. S / 07.01 / 17.27 / 07.56 / 20.55 / Lenka 22. CÌ? / 06.59 / 17.29 / 08.25 / 22.06 / Petr 23. P / 06.57 / 17.31 / 08.54 / 23.14 / Svatopluk
+
+O.: Erg de la Fond de si. 3xCAC sÌ?amp. CACIB strÌ?ed. evr. viÌ?teÌ?z, PZ BZ I. c. M.: naÌ?r. vyÌ?st. vyÌ?b. BZ PZ I. c.
+
+PrvniÌ? rozbeÌ?hy se beÌ?zÌ?ely v rovinateÌ?m i cÌ?leniteÌ?m tereÌ?nu s ideaÌ?lniÌ? vyÌ?sÌ?kou krytiny. ZazveÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? v dopoledniÌ?ch hodinaÌ?ch bylo dobreÌ?, ovsÌ?em poledniÌ? parno zacÌ?alo vytlaÌ?cÌ?et zveÌ?rÌ? do krytuÌ? a v odpoledniÌ?ch hodinaÌ?ch, kdy teplota byla kolem 30 o C, zacÌ?alo zveÌ?rÌ?e rapidneÌ? ubyÌ?vat.
+
+- chytit ho - budou ti zaÌ?videÌ?t tveÌ? postaveniÌ?, - strÌ?elit ho - zapletesÌ? se do dobrodruzÌ?stviÌ?, z ktereÌ?ho sÌ?tÌ?astneÌ? vyvaÌ?znesÌ?. ZajiÌ?c - zmeÌ?niÌ?sÌ?-li miÌ?sto, budesÌ? spokojen ; (jinde) nesÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? i smrt ; (jinde) cÌ?ekej psaniÌ? -
+
+- PruÌ?beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? sledovaÌ?niÌ? zdravotniÌ?ho stavu cÌ?erneÌ? zveÌ?rÌ?e se zajisÌ?tÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ?m maximaÌ?lniÌ? prevence prÌ?enosu nebezpecÌ?nyÌ?ch chorob na domaÌ?ciÌ? chovy prasat nebo i na cÌ?loveÌ?ka. - KazÌ?dorocÌ?neÌ? vyhodnocovat odlov cÌ?erneÌ? zveÌ?rÌ?e a ze zaÌ?veÌ?ruÌ? hodnoceniÌ? vyvozovat duÌ?sledky a prÌ?ijiÌ?mat opatrÌ?eniÌ? ke zlepsÌ?eniÌ? chovu cÌ?erneÌ? do budouciÌ?ch let.
+
+PekingskeÌ? zeliÌ? neniÌ? jen rozhodujiÌ?ciÌ? a zvlaÌ?sÌ?teÌ? vyÌ?znamnou zeleninou DaÌ?lneÌ?ho vyÌ?chodu, ale dnes se ve znacÌ?neÌ? miÌ?rÌ?e podiÌ?liÌ? i na sortimentu zelenin na nasÌ?em trhu.
+
+IdeaÌ?lniÌ? postranniÌ? vyÌ?hony jsou dlouheÌ? asi 0.4 m, dobrÌ?e vyzraÌ?leÌ? a jsou obvykle zakoncÌ?eny kveÌ?tniÌ?m pupenem. Rostou v tupeÌ?m uÌ?hlu nasazeniÌ? od terminaÌ?lu nebo smeÌ?rÌ?ujiÌ? poneÌ?kud vzhuÌ?ru.
+
+- vaÌ?cÌ?koviteÌ? nebo hlavicÌ?koviteÌ? haÌ?lky na listech, svinovaÌ?niÌ? okrajuÌ? listuÌ? zpuÌ?sobeneÌ? pilatkami (druhy rodu Pontania), cÌ?i bejlomorkami (druhy Rhabdophaga, Iteomyia, Dasineura): obr. 261
+
+Rhyacionia 136, 142 Rhyncaphytoptus 150 Rhanchaenus 57, 77, 186 Rhynchites 57, 219 Rhytisma 20, 26, 234 Ribes 210 - 213 Robinia 214 - 216 Rosa 217 - 228 Rosellinia 108, 219, 230 Rotylenchus 230 Rubus 229 - 233 Sacchiphantes 106, 132
+
+PouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? se proto nejcÌ?asteÌ?ji (vedle salaÌ?tu a sÌ?penaÌ?tu) pro vegetacÌ?niÌ? pokusy zjisÌ?tÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? stav zÌ?ivin v puÌ?deÌ?, poprÌ?. prÌ?iÌ?tomnost sÌ?kodlivin v niÌ?. NeÌ?meckaÌ? firma vyraÌ?beÌ?jiÌ?ciÌ? peÌ?stitelskeÌ? substraÌ?ty pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? proto pekingskeÌ? zeliÌ? k testovaÌ?niÌ? stupneÌ? vyzraÌ?losti a struktury pouzÌ?iteÌ?ho kompostu.
+
+LoveckyÌ? a strÌ?eleckyÌ? klub VaÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? cÌ?tenaÌ?rÌ?i, teÌ?sÌ?iÌ?me se na VasÌ?e dalsÌ?iÌ? dotazy smeÌ?rovaneÌ? na LoveckyÌ? a strÌ?eleckyÌ? klub, ktereÌ? posÌ?lete na adresu redakce. Ing. HanaÌ?k je bude postupneÌ? zpracovaÌ?vat, nejzajiÌ?maveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? postupneÌ? zarÌ?adiÌ?me k uverÌ?ejneÌ?niÌ? v cÌ?asopise Myslivost.
+
+22) VEGA - cÌ?. 12/98, str. 36 23) DOBESÌ? - cÌ?. 12/98, str. 35 24) WBH - cÌ?. 12/98, str. 36
+
+Brok. 16/16, zn. NOVOTNYÌ? Prague, zaÌ?mky Holand, cÌ?istaÌ?. Zn.: Jen serioz. zaÌ?jemce. MS - 121 - 03/99 Kul. naÌ?boje 8x50R = 59 ks, 8x60RS = 20 ks, 8x60R = 18 ks.
+
+PrÌ?ipousÌ?tiÌ?me, zÌ?e ovsÌ?em i tak mohou platit vcelku nebo jednotliveÌ?, rovneÌ?zÌ? polovicÌ?neÌ? cÌ?i navzaÌ?jem doplnÌ?koveÌ?, mozÌ?naÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stecÌ?neÌ?. 1 SBEÌ?RATELSTVIÌ? NEZNAÌ? VEÌ?K ANI POHLAVIÌ?. JE LHOSTEJNEÌ? K PRÌ?IÌ?BUZNYÌ?M BLIÌ?ZKYÌ?M I DALEKYÌ?M. ALE POVZNAÌ?SÌ?IÌ? DUCHA! ANDEÌ?LSKOU PERUTIÌ? SE DOTYÌ?KAÌ? VEÌ?CÌ?NOSTI!
+
+F. M. BartosÌ? se domniÌ?vaÌ?, zÌ?e obsahovala dokonce i neÌ?ktereÌ? Husovy spisy. Z teÌ?ch, ktereÌ? lze s VaÌ?clavovou osobnostiÌ? urcÌ?iteÌ? spojit, muÌ?zÌ?eme vsÌ?ak vycÌ?iÌ?st povahu zaÌ?jmuÌ? a sbeÌ?rateluÌ?v vkus.
+
+NejstarsÌ?iÌ? zachovanyÌ? inventaÌ?rÌ? sbiÌ?rek uvaÌ?diÌ? v podrobneÌ?m vyÌ?cÌ?tu 2814 prÌ?edmeÌ?tuÌ? mimo obrazy, jejichzÌ? pocÌ?et byl, jak viÌ?me, v roce 1612 poneÌ?kud nadneseneÌ? odhadovaÌ?n na 3000 kusuÌ?.
+
+VyÌ?roba gramofonu s klikou zacÌ?ala vaÌ?haveÌ? r. 1886. ZpocÌ?aÌ?tku neduÌ?veÌ?rÌ?iviÌ? AmericÌ?aneÌ? si ale novyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stroj rychle obliÌ?bili a ten se zacÌ?al lavinoviteÌ? sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?it i po ostatniÌ?ch sveÌ?tadiÌ?lech. Byl neustaÌ?le zdokonalovaÌ?n a stal se vyÌ?raznyÌ?m znakem "moderniÌ? domaÌ?cnosti".
+
+Zkuste vymyslet postup palicÌ?kovaÌ?niÌ? tak, aby palicÌ?ky skoncÌ?ily u liÌ?stkuÌ? oznacÌ?enyÌ?ch sÌ?ipkami napravo od strÌ?edu. Odtud pak palicÌ?kujeme ciÌ?pkovyÌ? okruh - vedeniÌ? vodiveÌ?ho paÌ?ru je nakresleno jen v neÌ?kolika prvniÌ?ch ciÌ?pciÌ?ch - daÌ?le pokracÌ?ujte zavedenyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem samy.
+
+PodiÌ?vaÌ?me se na prÌ?ehliÌ?dku odeÌ?vuÌ? Ivany KrÌ?ivaÌ?nkoveÌ? a komponovaneÌ?ho porÌ?adu VzdeÌ?laÌ?vaciÌ? spolek URÌ? se prÌ?edstavuje. Cena je 220,- KcÌ?. ZaÌ?jezd do Belgie a Francie - krajkaÌ?rÌ?skyÌ? trh, exkurse do sÌ?kol, vyÌ?stava. ZatiÌ?m jsou volnaÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? dveÌ? miÌ?sta.
+
+X. SPOJKY Spojky jsou na podvinciÌ?ch znacÌ?eny linkou - cÌ?aÌ?rou, poprÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? silneÌ?ji kreslenou. Mohou byÌ?t jednotliveÌ?, nebo mohou tvorÌ?it celeÌ? plochy. Jsou tvorÌ?eny kroucenyÌ?mi paÌ?ry, rÌ?etiÌ?zky nebo falesÌ?nyÌ?mi rÌ?etiÌ?zky. a / spojky s diÌ?rkou
+
+pro t Å? 0 je (h) CÌ?asovaÌ? konstanta t = RC UÌ?loha 61. Elektrotechnik meÌ?l ciÌ?vku s mnoha zaÌ?vity a konal s niÌ? ruÌ?zneÌ? pokusy. Jednou ji prÌ?ipojil k plocheÌ? baterii a po urcÌ?iteÌ? dobeÌ? ji opeÌ?t odpojil.
+
+HodlaÌ? zpestrÌ?it svuÌ?j program mimorÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ?mi nabiÌ?dkami, ktereÌ? jiÌ? umozÌ?nÌ?uje jejiÌ? belgickyÌ? majitel, naprÌ?. cestou do Jemenu, IraÌ?nu a dalsÌ?iÌ?ch pro naÌ?s neobvyklyÌ?ch destinaciÌ?. ZatiÌ?m ale muÌ?zÌ?eme celorocÌ?neÌ? nabiÌ?dnout zaÌ?jezdy do Egypta a do Indie v naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ?ch variantaÌ?ch. ZaÌ?rovenÌ? uviÌ?taÌ?me spolupraÌ?ci dobryÌ?ch provizniÌ?ch prodejcuÌ?.
+
+V prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?m roce budeme miÌ?t vyhrazeneÌ? press centrum. LetosÌ?niÌ? probleÌ?m spocÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? v tom, zÌ?e maÌ?me k dispozici jen polovinu hal a doslova nemaÌ?me miÌ?sto.
+
+21.06. "22: 00" Sny nociÌ? svatojaÌ?nskyÌ?ch - St. MosÌ?a a Zd. Merta 23.06. "22: 00" To nejlepsÌ?iÌ? ze sveÌ?tovyÌ?ch muzikaÌ?luÌ? 24.06. "22: 00" RUSALKA - opera Ant. DvorÌ?aÌ?ka
+
+Ve starsÌ?iÌ? literaturÌ?e se vyÌ?sÌ?e uvedeneÌ? poddruhy nazyÌ?vajiÌ? i podle drÌ?iÌ?veÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? klasifikace, tedy T. h. hermanni jako poddruh robertmertensi a T. h. boettgeri jako T. h. hermanni. Velikost: do 28 cm.
+
+Funkci teÌ?chto zÌ?elv do urcÌ?iteÌ? miÌ?ry nahrazuje jinyÌ? rod cÌ?eledi Emydidae a to rod Terrapene.
+
+Koupelny a toalety se jesÌ?teÌ? nedaÌ?vno rÌ?esÌ?ily pouze jako uÌ?cÌ?eloveÌ? prostory. NyniÌ? majiÌ? vsÌ?echna funkcÌ?niÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? novyÌ? design. Vany, sprchoveÌ? a umyvadloveÌ? kouty se oddeÌ?lujiÌ? ruÌ?znyÌ?mi oblozÌ?enyÌ?mi prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?kami a ziÌ?dkami, neÌ?ktereÌ? z nich slouzÌ?iÌ? jako odklaÌ?daciÌ? miÌ?sta.
+
+Plnost aranzÌ?maÌ? zaÌ?rovenÌ? symbolizovala nadbytek, bohatstviÌ?. V neÌ?kteryÌ?ch sÌ?lechtickyÌ?ch siÌ?dlech zameÌ?stnaÌ?vali nejen zahradniÌ?ky, ale i speciaÌ?lniÌ? aranzÌ?eÌ?ry. BarokniÌ? uÌ?pravy V 17. a na pocÌ?aÌ?tku 18. stoletiÌ? dosaÌ?hlo aranzÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? skutecÌ?neÌ?ho mistrovstviÌ?.
+
+Od pocÌ?aÌ?tku partie stojiÌ? kraÌ?l sice na okraji, ale je v centru pozornosti. Dokonce i pro uÌ?teÌ?k do rohu sÌ?achovnice je prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? pomalyÌ?.
+
+StaÌ?lezelenyÌ? kerÌ? peÌ?stovanyÌ? v mnoha druziÌ?ch pro kveÌ?ty a listy, daÌ?vaÌ? prÌ?ednost vlhkeÌ?, kyseleÌ? puÌ?deÌ?. Clerodendrum trichotomum BlahokerÌ? OpadavyÌ? kerÌ? peÌ?stovanyÌ? pro naÌ?padneÌ? kveÌ?ty a ozdobneÌ? plody, roste v propustneÌ? puÌ?deÌ? ; vyÌ?sÌ?ka a sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?ka 3 m. Elaeagnus x ebbingei HlosÌ?ina
+
+BlizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? uÌ?daje pro vyÌ?beÌ?r jsou na s. 215. Eucalyptus gunnii BLAHOVICÌ?NIÌ?K BlahovicÌ?niÌ?k (Eucalyptus gunnii) vyruÌ?staÌ? v strom, jestlizÌ?e se nerÌ?ezÌ?e. SestrÌ?iÌ?haÌ?-li se kazÌ?dyÌ? podzim, vytvaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? kraÌ?sneÌ? nasÌ?edleÌ? listy, ktereÌ? jsou puÌ?sobivyÌ?m pozadiÌ?m pro nejruÌ?zneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? barvy.
+
+UÌ?speÌ?ch indickyÌ?ch trienaÌ?le, porÌ?aÌ?danyÌ?ch v DilliÌ? podle vzoru BienaÌ?le v BenaÌ?tkaÌ?ch, BienaÌ?le v Sao Paulu a kasselskyÌ?ch vyÌ?stav Documenta, byl pouze naÌ?razovyÌ?. V Indii neniÌ? dobrÌ?e informovanaÌ? obec sbeÌ?rateluÌ? podporujiÌ?ciÌ?ch miÌ?stniÌ? umeÌ?lce - jakaÌ? existuje naprÌ?iÌ?klad v Koreji.
+
+Postavy na nich puÌ?sobiÌ?, jako by byly pohaÌ?neÌ?ny vnitrÌ?niÌ?mi deÌ?mony, cozÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? podtrhujiÌ? silneÌ? barevneÌ? kontrasty zloveÌ?stneÌ? temnyÌ?ch a strasÌ?idelneÌ? krÌ?iklavyÌ?ch odstiÌ?nuÌ?, pokroucenaÌ? teÌ?la a perspektivniÌ? zkratky malovaneÌ? nervoÌ?zniÌ?mi tahy sÌ?teÌ?tce.
+
+KrajkaÌ?rÌ?ka, kolem roku 1669. Olej na plaÌ?tneÌ?, 24.5 x 21 cm. MuseÌ?e du Louvre, ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ? MaliÌ?rÌ?skeÌ? umeÌ?niÌ? (Alegorie maliÌ?rÌ?stviÌ?), kolem roku 1665. Olej na plaÌ?tneÌ?, 120 x 100 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, ViÌ?denÌ?
+
+TakeÌ? Courbet se ve svyÌ?ch diÌ?lech obracel k vsÌ?edniÌ?mu zÌ?ivotu. MaliÌ?rÌ? - samouk a prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?enyÌ? socialista - formuloval sveÌ? pojetiÌ? umeÌ?niÌ? takto: " JaÌ?drem realismu je poprÌ?eniÌ? ideaÌ?lu.
+
+VyÌ?zva ke kritickeÌ?mu vyporÌ?aÌ?daÌ?niÌ? s umeÌ?niÌ?m a skutecÌ?nostiÌ? je obsazÌ?ena takeÌ? v obrazech Roberta Rauschenberga. Koncem padesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let zacÌ?al tento maliÌ?rÌ? vkomponovaÌ?vat do svyÌ?ch maleb reaÌ?lneÌ? prÌ?edmeÌ?ty. Tuto kombinaci maliÌ?rÌ?stviÌ? a nalezenyÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? nazyÌ?val "Combine Paintings" - kombinovaneÌ? obrazy.
+
+JAMES P. BLAIR ObyvateleÌ? odlehleÌ?ho ostrova v jizÌ?niÌ?m Atlantiku se po 18 meÌ?siÌ?ciÌ?ch vracejiÌ? domuÌ?. PrÌ?ed rokem a puÌ?l totizÌ? museli po vyÌ?buchu sopky prchnout. TedÌ? jim zbyÌ?vaÌ? jizÌ? jen paÌ?r metruÌ? do ciÌ?le ;
+
+LOUIE PSIHOYOS TeÌ?meÌ?rÌ? dvacet metruÌ? dlouhyÌ? Diplodocus zÌ?il na Zemi milioÌ?ny let prÌ?ed tiÌ?m, nezÌ? se vyvinul Homo sapiens. PuÌ?vodneÌ? se prÌ?edpoklaÌ?dalo, zÌ?e sÌ?lo o vodniÌ?ho zÌ?ivocÌ?icha, posledniÌ? vyÌ?zkumy ale naznacÌ?ujiÌ?, zÌ?e zÌ?il na sousÌ?i. Herculaneum, ItaÌ?lie 1983 O. LOUIS MAZZATENTA
+
+Ve druheÌ? polovineÌ? padesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let nebyla jesÌ?teÌ? zcela jasneÌ?, jakyÌ? typ aparaÌ?tu si bude fotografujiÌ?ciÌ? verÌ?ejnost kupovat nejcÌ?asteÌ?ji. DozÌ?iÌ?valy sklopneÌ? meÌ?choveÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stroje na svitkovyÌ? film a kinofilm, u naÌ?s naprÌ?iÌ?klad dobrÌ?e znaÌ?meÌ? aparaÌ?ty Belfoca nebo Beltica z NDR.
+
+NejradeÌ?ji kompl. Cena dohodou. Tel.: 05 41222485 Obj. Bajonet KA: Pentax - A 2.8/135 (2500,-) ; Pentax - A 2.8/28 (2000,-) ;
+
+Takto zpracovaÌ?no je v prosteÌ? zabezpecÌ?neÌ? skrÌ?iÌ?ni a v kovoveÌ?m trezoru archivovaÌ?no v plastikovyÌ?ch obalech 10774 fotografiiÌ? okolo tisiÌ?ce autoruÌ?. SbiÌ?rka obsahuje fotografie vyÌ?tvarneÌ? i dokumentaÌ?rniÌ?, vztahujiÌ?ciÌ? se k vyÌ?znamnyÌ?m udaÌ?lostem v nasÌ?iÌ? historii.
+
+VynikajiÌ?ciÌ? film, u ktereÌ?ho se nemeÌ?niÌ? barevneÌ? podaÌ?niÌ? ani prÌ?i zesiÌ?leneÌ?m vyvolaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? (pushovaÌ?niÌ?), ani prÌ?i delsÌ?iÌ?ch expoziciÌ?ch (pro 10s je korekce + 2 EV) Fujichrome 110 13x velmi meÌ?kcÌ?iÌ? prakticky nezkreslenaÌ? reprodukce barev vyznacÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ?ch se strÌ?iÌ?dmeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? sytostiÌ? a vynikajiÌ?ciÌ?
+
+Josef KruÌ?s S FOTOGRAFIIÌ? MNE BAVIÌ? SVEÌ?T aneb AMATEÌ?RÌ?I A PROFESIONAÌ?LOVEÌ? UÌ?kol prÌ?ipravit amateÌ?rskeÌ? cÌ?iÌ?slo Fotografie - MagaziÌ?nu, cozÌ? v prÌ?ekladu znamenaÌ? prÌ?ipravit hlavniÌ? obrazovyÌ? materiaÌ?l o fotografovi cÌ?i fotografech, kterÌ?iÌ? zcela nezapadajiÌ? do sÌ?katulky profesionaÌ?l, mne poneÌ?kud zaskocÌ?il.
+
+PatrÌ?iÌ? sem zveÌ?tsÌ?ovaciÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stroj M 670 VC (variocontrast), kteryÌ? pracuje s formaÌ?ty kinofilmu, 6x6 a 6x7 cm. Je pevneÌ?, nerozebiratelneÌ? konstrukce s manuaÌ?lneÌ? nastavitelnou cÌ?b hlavou pro zpracovaÌ?niÌ? multigradacÌ?niÌ?ho papiÌ?ru.
+
+S obnoveniÌ?m hledaÌ?niÌ? kraÌ?sy v symetrii a jednoduchosti vznikal naÌ?bytek v podobeÌ? kamen - skrÌ?iÌ?neÌ?, prÌ?iÌ?borniÌ?ky, i suchyÌ? zaÌ?chod. V tomto cÌ?ase zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? zpruÌ?myslovaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? vyÌ?roby, cozÌ? podniÌ?tilo snahu o normalizaci rozmeÌ?ruÌ? kachluÌ? a sÌ?irokyÌ? naÌ?stup kamen do meÌ?sÌ?tÌ?anskeÌ?ho bytu.
+
+ICV je autonomniÌ? cÌ?eskyÌ? cÌ?len skupiny Wolters Kluwer (vydavatelstviÌ? odborneÌ? literatury a vzdeÌ?laÌ?vaÌ?niÌ?) a vyuzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? jejiÌ?ho sÌ?irokeÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?stupu k programuÌ?m a know - how zaÌ?padniÌ?ch sesterskyÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ?. Poskytuje omezenyÌ? pocÌ?et pecÌ?liveÌ? vybranyÌ?ch kurzuÌ? prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m prÌ?edniÌ?ch cÌ?eskyÌ?ch odborniÌ?kuÌ? z oboruÌ? marketing a management. ICV nabiÌ?ziÌ?:
+
+Alena SÌ?raÌ?mkovaÌ?.
+
+PoradenskeÌ? strÌ?edisko poskytuje sveÌ? sluzÌ?by v prostoraÌ?ch staÌ?leÌ? vzorkovny ABF v uÌ?teryÌ? a cÌ?tvrtek od 13.00 do 17.00 a individuaÌ?lneÌ? dle prÌ?edbeÌ?zÌ?neÌ? dohody i mimo stanoveneÌ? termiÌ?ny. (Tel. 02/265842). Internet ABF poskytuje zdarma na Internetu rÌ?adu sluzÌ?eb.
+
+Poskytuje takeÌ? komplexniÌ? sluzÌ?bu FiremniÌ? den, kteraÌ? zahrnuje: na zaÌ?kladeÌ? podkladuÌ? firmy naÌ?vrh, tisk, vyÌ?beÌ?r vhodneÌ? databaÌ?ze, rozeslaÌ?niÌ? pozvaÌ?nek, pronaÌ?jem saÌ?lu s odpoviÌ?dajiÌ?ciÌ? technikou, tlumocÌ?eniÌ? i obcÌ?erstveniÌ?. (informace na tel. 02/2422 8555). KontaktniÌ? dny
+
+Co nabiÌ?dne budouciÌ? MTP Praha 1. OrganizacÌ?niÌ? a rÌ?iÌ?diÌ?ciÌ? centrum MTP Praha - BeÌ?chovice 2. StrÌ?edisko excelence MTP 3. VzdeÌ?laÌ?vaciÌ? a sÌ?koliÌ?ciÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? 4. InkubacÌ?niÌ? centrum 5. AdministrativniÌ? objekty 6. HaloveÌ? objekty 7. UbytovaciÌ? a rekreacÌ?niÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? 8. ObcÌ?anskaÌ? vybavenost - sluzÌ?by
+
+Pro tyto vyÌ?robky stanoviÌ? a uprÌ?esniÌ? vlaÌ?da postupy posuzovaÌ?niÌ? shody, prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ? naÌ?lezÌ?itosti prohlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? o shodeÌ?. Seznam povinneÌ? zkousÌ?enyÌ?ch vyÌ?robkuÌ? stanoviÌ? vlaÌ?da. Postupy posuzovaÌ?niÌ? shody jsou rozmaniteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?, nezÌ? tomu bylo drÌ?iÌ?ve, kdy se hovorÌ?ilo pouze o schvalovaÌ?niÌ? a certifikaci vyÌ?robkuÌ?.
+
+Jak se dodavatelskeÌ? firmy vybiÌ?rajiÌ? a posuzujiÌ?? Toto teÌ?ma bylo znovu otevrÌ?eno na konferenci JAKOST ' 97 v OstraveÌ?. Je velkyÌ? rozdiÌ?l mezi znalostmi a pozÌ?adavky investora a dodavatele a mezi vyÌ?sledky, ktereÌ? prÌ?edklaÌ?dajiÌ? dodavatelskeÌ? firmy.
+
+PB), polyvinylchlorid (ozn. PVC) nebo polypropyleÌ?n (ozn. PP), kteryÌ? je fyziologicky a hygienicky zcela nezaÌ?vadnyÌ?, a je plneÌ? recyklovatelnyÌ?. K armaturaÌ?m z plastuÌ? jsou vyraÌ?beÌ?ny i odpoviÌ?dajiÌ?ciÌ? tvarovky.
+
+Ve filmu TvaÌ?rÌ? pod maskou bulharskeÌ?ho rezÌ?iseÌ?ra ValcÌ?anova si zahraÌ?la konecÌ?neÌ? rozsaÌ?hlejsÌ?iÌ? uÌ?lohu Marie po boku Josefa Kemra, Ljuby SkorÌ?epoveÌ?, MiÌ?ly MysliÌ?koveÌ? a Ladislava MrkvicÌ?ky.
+
+- konektor pro paÌ?kovyÌ? ovladacÌ? pro hry (joystick). Doufejme, zÌ?e se VaÌ?m podarÌ?ilo pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ? bez uÌ?jmy postavit na stuÌ?l, nyniÌ? je trÌ?eba spraÌ?vneÌ? zapojit vsÌ?echny soucÌ?aÌ?sti.
+
+Tento rozklad pak zpuÌ?sobuje zaÌ?pach, kteryÌ? prof. Hopf popisuje takto: "OdpornyÌ? buquet zÌ?lukleÌ?ho maÌ?sla, zveÌ?traleÌ?ho piva a naÌ?levu ze slanecÌ?kuÌ?." V zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? nepouzÌ?iÌ?vejte zÌ?iÌ?nku Pro umyÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? teÌ?to oblasti lze samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? pouzÌ?iÌ?vat teplou vodu a obycÌ?ejneÌ? myÌ?dlo.
+
+Z pochopitelnyÌ?ch duÌ?voduÌ? si muzÌ? tohoto vyÌ?toku vsÌ?imne mnohem drÌ?iÌ?ve a spolehliveÌ?ji nezÌ? zÌ?ena. I u muzÌ?uÌ? se objevuje cÌ?asteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nuceniÌ? na mocÌ?. ProkaÌ?zaÌ?niÌ? kapavky
+
+Diafragma (posÌ?evniÌ? pesar) PosÌ?evniÌ? pesar, odborneÌ? nazyÌ?vanyÌ? diafragma, je kruhovyÌ? plaÌ?tek gumy se zesiÌ?lenyÌ?m pruzÌ?nyÌ?m okrajem, velkyÌ? asi jako dlanÌ?, kteryÌ? se vklaÌ?daÌ? do zadniÌ? klenby posÌ?evniÌ? tak, aby zakryÌ?val cÌ?iÌ?pek deÌ?lohy. PrÌ?ed zasunutiÌ?m se potrÌ?e spermicidniÌ?m kreÌ?mem
+
+NemajiÌ? vuÌ?bec nebo majiÌ? jen maÌ?lo rozvinutou "teorii mysÌ?leniÌ?", schopnost uvazÌ?ovat o zpuÌ?sobu mysÌ?leniÌ? jinyÌ?ch lidiÌ?. V tomto smyslu je FrithovaÌ? nazyÌ?vaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?snyÌ?mi bahavioralisty: cÌ?in je pro neÌ? cÌ?in, vyÌ?znam za cÌ?inem jim unikaÌ?.
+
+zplynÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? uhliÌ? (LURGI) odlucÌ?ovacÌ? dehtu Obr. 1.18: SucheÌ? cÌ?isticÌ?e VyÌ?roba sviÌ?tiplynu krakovaÌ?niÌ?m uhlovodiÌ?kuÌ? byla vsÌ?ak vytlacÌ?ena vyÌ?robou plynu karbonizaciÌ? uhliÌ?. KrakovaÌ?niÌ? uhlovodiÌ?kuÌ? k vyÌ?robeÌ? sviÌ?tiplynu se pak znovu objevuje v sÌ?irsÌ?iÌ?m meÌ?rÌ?iÌ?tku azÌ? v druheÌ? polovineÌ? 20. stoletiÌ?.
+
+Mocnost piÌ?skovcuÌ? je zaÌ?vislaÌ? na cÌ?lenitosti druhohorniÌ?ho podlozÌ?iÌ?, regionaÌ?lneÌ? vsÌ?ak vzruÌ?staÌ? smeÌ?rem do uÌ?padu vrstev. V produktivniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti lozÌ?iska byly zjisÌ?teÌ?ny mocnosti od 11 do 40 m. KolektorskaÌ? hornina maÌ? pomeÌ?rneÌ? dobreÌ? lozÌ?iskoveÌ? parametry s pruÌ?meÌ?rnou porositou 25.5 %, nasyceniÌ?m
+
+TeplomeÌ?rovaÌ? kapalina je nejcÌ?asteÌ?ji rtutÌ?, daÌ?le toluen, etylalkohol, pentan, amalgam thalia aj. Podle deÌ?leniÌ? stupnice muÌ?zÌ?eme teplomeÌ?ry deÌ?lit na pruÌ?mysloveÌ? (s deÌ?leniÌ?m po 1 °C a hrubsÌ?iÌ?m) a laboratorniÌ? (s deÌ?leniÌ?m po 1 °C a jemneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?m).
+
+AustralskyÌ? Sydney Gas pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? pro rozvody plynu polyamid (PA). V EvropeÌ? byl jako prvniÌ? materiaÌ?l pro rozvody plynu pouzÌ?it Hostalen GM 5010 fy Hoechst, kteryÌ? byl klasifikovaÌ?n podle ISO jako PE 50.
+
+Bylo proto prÌ?ijato kompromisniÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? a spotrÌ?ebicÌ?e jsou rÌ?esÌ?eny a klasifikovaÌ?ny podle stupneÌ? univerzaÌ?lnosti, kteryÌ? musiÌ? byÌ?t vyznacÌ?en na jeho typoveÌ?m sÌ?tiÌ?tku. Podle CÌ?SN EN 437 je trÌ?iÌ?deÌ?niÌ? a oznacÌ?eniÌ? stupneÌ? univerzaÌ?lnosti naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ?: Kategorie II se pouzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? za stejnyÌ?ch podmiÌ?nek jako u kategorie I.
+
+Vzhledem k soucÌ?asneÌ?mu stavu vyÌ?voje bude uÌ?cÌ?elneÌ? posuzovat motory jednak z hlediska vyuzÌ?itiÌ? v dvoupalivoveÌ? verzi (to jest uÌ?prava staÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ?ch benziÌ?novyÌ?ch motoruÌ? na alternativniÌ? pohon na zemniÌ? plyn s mozÌ?nostiÌ? provozu na benziÌ?n), jednak jako motory jednopalivoveÌ?, konstruovaneÌ? nebo alesponÌ? prÌ?izpuÌ?sobeneÌ? na noveÌ? palivo.
+
+I2 - proud do meÌ?nicÌ?e kondicioneÌ?ru I3 - proud do primaÌ?ru TS (I3 = I1/p) U0 - napeÌ?tiÌ? siÌ?tÌ?oveÌ?ho zdroje U1 - napeÌ?tiÌ? na vstupu kondicioneÌ?ru U2 - napeÌ?tiÌ? na vyÌ?stupu kondicioneÌ?ru (U2 = U0) TS - seÌ?riovyÌ? transformaÌ?tor kondicioneÌ?ru
+
+ZÌ?iveÌ? bytosti majiÌ? vlastniÌ? hodnotu a praÌ?vo zÌ?iÌ?t a prospiÌ?vat Jak lze o teÌ?chto postojiÌ?ch vuÌ?bec hovorÌ?it? JakeÌ? pojmy a teze budou nejuzÌ?itecÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?? Jeden z duÌ?lezÌ?ityÌ?ch postojuÌ? lze vyjaÌ?drÌ?it takto: "KazÌ?daÌ? zÌ?ivaÌ? bytost maÌ? praÌ?vo na zÌ?ivot".
+
+Tak cÌ?i onak, smysl pro sociaÌ?lniÌ? spravedlnost je v naÌ?s stejneÌ? hluboce zakorÌ?eneÌ?nyÌ? jako naÌ?sÌ? trapnyÌ? plebejskyÌ? egotismus. Po orgii bezpraÌ?viÌ? a vyÌ?buchu chamtivosti, kteryÌ? ji naÌ?sleduje, neniÌ? nemozÌ?neÌ?, aby se v naÌ?s opeÌ?t probudil altruismus laÌ?sky k blizÌ?niÌ?mu.
+
+8a) obr. str. 170 KliÌ?cÌ?ovyÌ? druh na nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? uÌ?rovni: hejno mravencuÌ? na pochodu kenÌ?skou savanou. ArmaÌ?dy mravencuÌ? svyÌ?mi naÌ?jezdy drasticky zmeÌ?niÌ? pocÌ?et hmyzu a dalsÌ?iÌ?ch malyÌ?ch zÌ?ivocÌ?ichuÌ? v oblasti. 8b) obr. str. 171
+
+se spoleÌ?hajiÌ? na populace, ktereÌ? rostou a rozmnozÌ?ujiÌ? se v zajetiÌ?. Na sveÌ?teÌ? existuje asi 1300 botanickyÌ?ch zahrad a arboret, cÌ?asto v nich rostou druhy v divokeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ? ohrozÌ?eneÌ? cÌ?i vyhynuleÌ?.
+
+Kudy vede cesta k madam? "ptal se skomiÌ?ravyÌ?m hlasem. NeprÌ?estaÌ?val a neprÌ?estaÌ?val zÌ?adonit, aby mu byÌ?valyÌ? sluha pomohl sejiÌ?t se se zÌ?enou, azÌ? se Jackson slitoval a rÌ?ekl:" DobrÌ?e, pane, pojdÌ? se mnou.
+
+V Liberci, na jarÌ?e 1968 KveÌ?toslav MinarÌ?iÌ?k Hlava I POUKAZY K PRAXI 1. UÌ?cÌ?elem teÌ?to nauky je v prveÌ? rÌ?adeÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?ka uveÌ?st na cestu odstranÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? karmickyÌ?ch naÌ?sledkuÌ?, pochaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?ch z niternyÌ?ch konfliktuÌ?. VysveÌ?tleniÌ?: PuÌ?vod niternyÌ?ch konfliktuÌ? je ve sÌ?patnyÌ?ch naÌ?ladaÌ?ch.
+
+KdyzÌ? ovlaÌ?dneme to, co jsme poznali, nasÌ?e poznaÌ?niÌ? se prohloubiÌ? a tiÌ?m ziÌ?skaÌ?vaÌ?me mozÌ?nost ovlaÌ?dat dosud v bytosti nepoznaÌ?vaneÌ? jevy. Tak muÌ?zÌ?eme dospeÌ?t k ovlaÌ?dnutiÌ? vsÌ?ech jevuÌ? vlastniÌ? bytosti a posleÌ?ze poznat Prapodstatu celeÌ?ho vlastniÌ?ho bytiÌ?.
+
+VyzÌ?aduje to jen trochu cÌ?asu a procvicÌ?eniÌ? na klidneÌ?m miÌ?steÌ?. NejdrÌ?iÌ?ve se musiÌ?te naucÌ?it vniÌ?mat jeho pohyby. PosadÌ?te se ke stolu. Nohy spocÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? na podlaze, lokty polozÌ?te na stuÌ?l.
+
+Jama (sebeovlaÌ?daÌ?niÌ? cÌ?i zdrzÌ?enlivost) joÌ?ginovi uklaÌ?daÌ? peÌ?tici moraÌ?lniÌ?ch prÌ?iÌ?kazuÌ?: neublizÌ?ovat zÌ?iveÌ?mu, byÌ?t pravdivyÌ?m, nekraÌ?st, byÌ?t pohlavneÌ? zdrzÌ?enlivyÌ?m a nedychtit po majetku.
+
+VyÌ?zkum zkameneÌ?leÌ? fauny a flory PR pokracÌ?uje a bude pokracÌ?ovat a nikdy nebude zcela uÌ?plnyÌ?, protozÌ?e se staÌ?le objevujiÌ? noveÌ? druhy jizÌ? revidovanyÌ?ch skupin organismuÌ? a neÌ?ktereÌ? skupiny organismuÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? ani nebyly zpracovaÌ?ny.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?loha XII Obr. 1. Dvorecko - prokopskeÌ? vaÌ?pence prazÌ?skeÌ?ho souvrstviÌ?, devon v BranickeÌ?m lomu. PP BranickeÌ? skaÌ?ly. Foto JirÌ?iÌ? KrÌ?iÌ?zÌ?, 1986. Obr. 2. NesouhlasneÌ? zvraÌ?sneÌ?neÌ? vaÌ?pence lochkovskeÌ?ho souvrstviÌ? a sliveneckeÌ? vaÌ?pence prazÌ?skeÌ?ho souvrstviÌ?, devon. PR RadotiÌ?nskeÌ? uÌ?doliÌ?.
+
+TeÌ?zÌ?kyÌ? krÌ?izÌ?niÌ?k Prinz Eugen i bitevniÌ? lodÌ? Bismarck meÌ?ly naprosto stejnou siluetu, ale Prinz Eugen byl o 52 m kratsÌ?iÌ?. BritskeÌ? hliÌ?dky je mohly rozeznat v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ?, zÌ?e by obeÌ? lodi pluly za sebou a v paralelniÌ?m kursu s britskyÌ?mi plavidly.
+
+RozdeÌ?lovaÌ?niÌ? Afriky a jednaÌ?niÌ? o vymezeniÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? koloniiÌ? pokracÌ?ovala. DiplomatickeÌ? akty rozhodovaly o osudu rozsaÌ?hlyÌ?ch oblastiÌ? - dohoda z roku 1890 mezi NeÌ?meckem a Velkou BritaÌ?niiÌ? o vyÌ?chodniÌ? Africe a dalsÌ?iÌ? dohody mezi FranciiÌ?, Portugalskem, NeÌ?meckem a Velkou BritaÌ?niiÌ?.
+
+Pracuje se prÌ?i teploteÌ? nad 20 °C, protozÌ?e jinak by desky mohly prasknout (prÌ?i proraÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? hrÌ?ebiÌ?kuÌ?). ObklaÌ?daÌ?-li se celaÌ? steÌ?na a maÌ?-li byÌ?t obklad soumeÌ?rnyÌ?, zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? se s obkladem ze strÌ?edu steÌ?ny prÌ?esneÌ? vodorovneÌ? a svisle podle vodovaÌ?hy.
+
+NadrÌ?iÌ?msoveÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?hranneÌ? zÌ?laby se vyskytujiÌ? u beÌ?zÌ?nyÌ?ch vesnickyÌ?ch domkuÌ? jen vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ?. Pro opravu a naÌ?teÌ?ry zÌ?labuÌ? je vhodneÌ? prÌ?ipevnit k obycÌ?ejneÌ?mu, zÌ?ebrÌ?iÌ?ku distancÌ?niÌ? opeÌ?rku z latiÌ?. StrÌ?echa se oplechuje prÌ?ed polozÌ?eniÌ?m krytiny.
+
+Do maleÌ?ho rendliÌ?ku daÌ?me nejmeÌ?neÌ? na prst vysoko oleje. silneÌ? jej rozpaÌ?liÌ?me a cedniÌ?kem na prÌ?iÌ?pravu jaÌ?troveÌ? ryÌ?zÌ?e teÌ?sto do tuku po cÌ?aÌ?stech lijeme. vidlicÌ?kou kapky teÌ?sta v tuku rozdeÌ?liÌ?me, aby se prÌ?i smazÌ?eniÌ? neslepily.
+
+KurÌ?e rozdeÌ?liÌ?me na mensÌ?iÌ? kousky, osoliÌ?me, popraÌ?sÌ?iÌ?me hladkou moukou a na maÌ?sle opecÌ?eme. Maso vyjmeme, do maÌ?sla promiÌ?chaÌ?me dobrÌ?e vypranou a sparÌ?enou ryÌ?zÌ?i, na prouzÌ?ky nakraÌ?jeneÌ? odjadrÌ?incovaneÌ? papriky a oloupanaÌ? na cÌ?tvrtky nakraÌ?jenaÌ? rajcÌ?ata.
+
+NeÌ?kdy zaÌ?lezÌ?iÌ? na tom, kteraÌ? strana lateÌ? bude nahorÌ?e, tak to prÌ?i rÌ?ezaÌ?niÌ? nepopletÌ?te. StejnyÌ?m systeÌ?mem je mozÌ?no napojovat lateÌ? v jineÌ?m uÌ?hlu nezÌ? praveÌ?m, prodluzÌ?ovat dveÌ? lateÌ? za sebou, prÌ?ipevnÌ?ovat latÌ? uprostrÌ?ed jineÌ? a toteÌ?zÌ? cÌ?init s traÌ?mky.
+
+OtlucÌ?te padajiÌ?ciÌ? omiÌ?tku ze stropu, namocÌ?te ho, stoupneÌ?te si na sÌ?tafle a ucÌ?inÌ?te opeÌ?t onen zajiÌ?mavyÌ? krouzÌ?ivyÌ? pohyb lzÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? s maltou proti stropu, prÌ?icÌ?emzÌ? budÌ?te prÌ?ipraveni uhnout, aby vaÌ?m padajiÌ?ciÌ? omiÌ?tka nezasaÌ?hla oblicÌ?ej. Vyvarujte se vsÌ?ak prudkyÌ?ch pohybuÌ?, abyste nespadli i s omiÌ?tkou.
+
+Stala se z neÌ?ho pouhaÌ? smeÌ?s sÌ?krobu, vody a soli, jejiÌ?zÌ? jedinaÌ? hodnota je vyzÌ?ivovaciÌ?: zÌ?iviÌ?te se, ale nicÌ?iÌ?m neprÌ?ispiÌ?vaÌ?te ke sveÌ? stavbeÌ?. BiÌ?lyÌ? chleÌ?b maÌ? pouze kalorickou, nikoliv biologickou hodnotu.
+
+MoÌ?dniÌ? linie - ZvyÌ?razneÌ?nyÌ? pas - ZakulaceneÌ?, vzdusÌ?neÌ? modely - JemneÌ? asymetrickeÌ? tvary - RukaÌ?vy raglaÌ?noveÌ? nebo miÌ?rneÌ? vsazovaneÌ? ; ramena neprÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? hranataÌ? - SukneÌ? umozÌ?nÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? snadnyÌ? pohyb MateriaÌ?ly
+
+HALENKY Dnes se vaÌ?m prÌ?i vyÌ?beÌ?ru halenek do vasÌ?ich kostyÌ?muÌ? nabiÌ?ziÌ? nekonecÌ?neÌ? mozÌ?nostiÌ?, ale radiÌ?m vaÌ?m, abyste uvazÌ?ovala ' strÌ?iÌ?zliveÌ? a elegantneÌ? '. MuÌ?zÌ?ete si vsÌ?emozÌ?neÌ? pohraÌ?t s barvami a materiaÌ?lem, ale pro detaily a vyÌ?strÌ?ih si ponechte jednoduchost.
+
+58 SALAÌ?T S FUSILLI A OMAÌ?CÌ?KOU PESTO 6 - 8 porciÌ? jako prÌ?edkrm +34/3 Suroviny 40 g cÌ?erstveÌ? bazalky 6 strouzÌ?kuÌ? cÌ?esneku 45 g piniovyÌ?ch orÌ?iÌ?sÌ?kuÌ? 125 g strouhaneÌ?ho parmazaÌ?nu 175 ml olivoveÌ?ho oleje suÌ?l a peprÌ? 500 g fusilli + 34/4
+
+soli cÌ?erstveÌ? mleteÌ?ho peprÌ?e sÌ?petky cayenskeÌ?ho peprÌ?e trochy cukru horniÌ?/dolniÌ? teplota horkyÌ? vzduch plyn doba pecÌ?eniÌ? 2 brambory (rohliÌ?cÌ?ky) vodu sÌ?petku soli sÌ?petku zaÌ?zvoru 2 lzÌ?iciÌ?ch rostlinneÌ?ho oleje 50 g zelenyÌ?ch fazolek 300 g mrazÌ?eneÌ?ho hraÌ?sÌ?ku 2 cÌ?erveneÌ? cibule 1 svazek lahuÌ?dkoveÌ? cibulky
+
+1 lzÌ?icÌ?ku soli po svarÌ?eniÌ? odstavte a prÌ?idejte 250 ml (1/4 l) vinneÌ?ho octa (5 %) a prÌ?imiÌ?chejte jesÌ?teÌ? 1 baliÌ?cÌ?ek konzervacÌ?niÌ?ho prostrÌ?edku Roztok nalijte na cÌ?ervenou rÌ?epu, sklenici uzavrÌ?ete (s. 89, rada
+
+V zahranicÌ?iÌ? se pouzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? i zaÌ?suvky sdruzÌ?eneÌ? se spiÌ?nacÌ?i, kteryÌ?mi lze jejich zÌ?ivyÌ? vyÌ?vod prÌ?ipojovat k rozvodneÌ? siÌ?ti, nebo zaÌ?suvky s vestaveÌ?nyÌ?mi pojistkami, poprÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? i trojiteÌ? zaÌ?suvky.
+
+PrkeÌ?nko slouzÌ?iÌ? takeÌ? k uchyceniÌ? zaÌ?veÌ?su pro sviÌ?tidlo, pokud je neprÌ?ipevniÌ?te prÌ?iÌ?mo ke krabici rozvodky. PrÌ?ilozÌ?te prkeÌ?nko na miÌ?sto, v neÌ?mzÌ? maÌ? byÌ?t upevneÌ?no sviÌ?tidlo, a vyrÌ?iÌ?zneÌ?te jednorucÌ?niÌ? pilou - deÌ?rovkou - potrÌ?ebnyÌ? otvor. PrÌ?ipevneÌ?te prkeÌ?nko a prÌ?isÌ?roubujte k neÌ?mu krabici rozvodky.
+
+Jejich deÌ?lka maÌ? byÌ?t dvojnaÌ?sobkem deÌ?lky "rolety" s prÌ?iÌ?davkem v deÌ?lce jedneÌ? jejiÌ? sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?ky. 4 PrÌ?ivazÌ?te konec sÌ?nÌ?uÌ?rky k nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? smycÌ?ce v kazÌ?deÌ? ze svislyÌ?ch rÌ?ad. V jednotlivyÌ?ch rÌ?adaÌ?ch protaÌ?hneÌ?te vsÌ?echny sÌ?nÌ?uÌ?rky nahoru smycÌ?kami.
+
+MeÌ?li bychom velmi rychle jizÌ? nyniÌ? zmobilizovat vsÌ?echny svoje schopnosti, siÌ?ly a prostrÌ?edky k tomu, abychom rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? nasÌ?iÌ? techniky a technologie udrzÌ?eli alesponÌ? v neÌ?kteryÌ?ch pruÌ?myslovyÌ?ch odveÌ?tviÌ?ch na sveÌ?toveÌ? uÌ?rovni a v neÌ?kteryÌ?ch ji trÌ?eba jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?edstihli.
+
+ExtreÌ?mniÌ? miniaturizace vytvaÌ?rÌ?enyÌ?ch struktur azÌ? do atomaÌ?rniÌ?ch rozmeÌ?ruÌ? se dosaÌ?hlo diÌ?ky velmi jemneÌ? manipulacÌ?niÌ? technice, odvozeneÌ? od skanovaciÌ? tunelovaciÌ? mikroskopie. PrÌ?i niÌ? se detailniÌ? sniÌ?mky povrchu zaznamenaÌ?vajiÌ? tak, zÌ?e se jemnyÌ?m hrotem objiÌ?zÌ?diÌ? zkoumanyÌ? povrch, s niÌ?mzÌ? se teÌ?snyÌ? kontakt udrzÌ?uje prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m elektrickeÌ?ho proudu.
+
+Jsou prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itostiÌ? k setkaÌ?niÌ? a k individuaÌ?lniÌ?m konzultaciÌ?m s tvuÌ?rci systeÌ?muÌ? TECOMAT a TECOREG. (sÌ?l) Kontakt: Teco a. s., HavliÌ?cÌ?kova 260, 280 58 KoliÌ?n IV, (p. OlisÌ?ar)
+
+NeÌ?jak se vytraÌ?ciÌ? zaÌ?kladniÌ? probleÌ?m: Jak zarÌ?iÌ?dit, aby neviditelnaÌ? ruka trhu (?) prÌ?imeÌ?la cÌ?eskyÌ? pruÌ?mysl vyraÌ?beÌ?t viÌ?ce konkurenceschopnyÌ?ch vyÌ?robkuÌ? s veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?m podiÌ?lem vyÌ?zkumnyÌ?ch cÌ?innostiÌ?, ktereÌ? prÌ?i produkci vyzÌ?adujiÌ? kvalifikovanou pracovniÌ? siÌ?lu.
+
+ORION sÌ?etrÌ?iÌ? vyÌ?daje ElektrickeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?motopneÌ? panely NOBO (jejichzÌ? vyÌ?hradniÌ?m distributorem v CÌ?R je firma PRAGONOR) jsme uzÌ? na straÌ?nkaÌ?ch TechnickeÌ?ho tyÌ?deniÌ?ku prÌ?edstavili. - Tyto moderniÌ? a uÌ?cÌ?inneÌ? tepelneÌ? zdroje vsÌ?ak lze propojit s nemeÌ?neÌ? zajiÌ?mavou regulacÌ?niÌ? jednotkou ORION 512.
+
+SÌ?irokaÌ? sÌ?kaÌ?la sluzÌ?eb satelitniÌ? siÌ?teÌ? Pro satelitniÌ? siÌ?teÌ? jsou zpravidla plaÌ?novaÌ?ny naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ? sluzÌ?by: - pager - hovory a fax - data s niÌ?zkou a strÌ?edniÌ? rychlostiÌ?.
+
+Na obraÌ?zku je rÌ?iÌ?diciÌ? jednotka regulaÌ?toru rychlosti HELLA posledniÌ? generace a aktor, ktereÌ? tvorÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?klad inteligentniÌ?ho regulaÌ?toru rychlosti vozidla. (hhs) Kontakt: AICC - Intelligenter Assistent des Autofahrers.
+
+Na posledniÌ? vyÌ?staveÌ? Euroshop (technika pro vybaveniÌ? prodejniÌ?ch miÌ?st) v DuÌ?sseldorfu, SURFRIGO prÌ?edstavilo svou zatiÌ?m posledniÌ? rÌ?adu velkoplosÌ?nyÌ?ch chladiciÌ?ch jednotek Superline 441 a novou koncepci pro vyjiÌ?matelneÌ? vystavovaciÌ? jednotky na baÌ?zi chladiva Suva R HP62 (R404A), jezÌ? je ideaÌ?lniÌ? pro niÌ?zkoteplotniÌ? aplikace.
+
+Jak ukazujiÌ? zkusÌ?enosti, je spotrÌ?eba barevnyÌ?ch inkoustuÌ? enormniÌ? a pokud jde o prÌ?esnost odstiÌ?nuÌ?, steÌ?zÌ?ujiÌ? si vyÌ?tvarniÌ?ci na to, je vyÌ?robci nedodrzÌ?ujiÌ?, takzÌ?e maÌ?-li vyÌ?sledek byÌ?t kvalitniÌ?, musiÌ? byÌ?t bilboard cÌ?i obal dopravniÌ?ho prostrÌ?edku tisknut z jedineÌ? stejneÌ? naÌ?plneÌ?.
+
+PlneÌ?niÌ? vzduchem umozÌ?nÌ?uje jednoduchou manipulaci i rychleÌ? sbaleniÌ?. NafukovaciÌ? luÌ?zÌ?ko muÌ?zÌ?e slouzÌ?it jako rezervniÌ? luÌ?zÌ?ko pro hosty, podlozÌ?ka do deÌ?tskeÌ?ho pokoje i jako postel pro mladyÌ? zÌ?ivotniÌ? styl. JaÌ?dro luÌ?zÌ?ka je vsÌ?ito do speciaÌ?lniÌ?ho matracoveÌ?ho potahu, kteryÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? zlepsÌ?uje tepelneÌ? vlastnosti.
+
+- daÌ?vkovaciÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? na prÌ?iÌ?sady - saciÌ? anebo tlakoveÌ? dopravniÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? pro prÌ?epravu granulaÌ?tu NejduÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? vlastnosti zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? PFV jsou: - plynulaÌ? recyklace - aglomerace chraÌ?niÌ?ciÌ? materiaÌ?l - finaÌ?lniÌ? produkt o vysokeÌ? sypneÌ? hmotnosti - plneÌ? automatickyÌ? trvalyÌ? provoz - vysokyÌ? vyÌ?kon - potrÌ?eba maleÌ?ho prostoru - minimaÌ?lniÌ? lidskaÌ? obsluha
+
+ZaÌ?kon o technickyÌ?ch pozÌ?adavciÌ?ch na vyÌ?robky a stavebnictviÌ? HovorÌ?iÌ?me s ing. Jaroslavem VeselyÌ?m, CSc., prÌ?edsedou Svazu zkusÌ?eben pro vyÌ?stavbu: Pane inzÌ?enyÌ?re, jak vypadaÌ? vzdeÌ?laÌ?vaciÌ? a informacÌ?niÌ? cÌ?innost Svazu a na co kladete nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? duÌ?raz?
+
+JejiÌ? vyÌ?robniÌ? program v soucÌ?asnosti tvorÌ?iÌ?: jerÌ?aÌ?by o nosnosti 1 - 100 t (mostoveÌ?, sloupoveÌ?, konzoloveÌ?, portaÌ?loveÌ? i rucÌ?niÌ?), vyÌ?tahy o nosnosti 0.1 - 3 t, krÌ?esla - jerÌ?aÌ?bovaÌ? a pro veliÌ?ny, kabiny s elektrickyÌ?m vystrojeniÌ?m,
+
+Optimalizace tohoto operacÌ?niÌ?ho systeÌ?mu pro mobilniÌ? uzÌ?ivatele v implementaci firmy Dell prÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ? doplnÌ?koveÌ? funkce. UzÌ?ivatelsleÌ? rozhraniÌ? dovoluje ovlaÌ?dat regulaci spotrÌ?eby, tzv. sleep rezÌ?im, napaÌ?jeniÌ? PC Cards a synchronizaci hodin. KliknutiÌ?m na ikonu lze zjistit momentaÌ?lniÌ? stav bateriiÌ?.
+
+Tatra se vyjadrÌ?uje k vlaÌ?dou zamiÌ?tnuteÌ? financÌ?niÌ? restrukturalizaci AkciovaÌ? spolecÌ?nost TATRA s velkyÌ?m zklamaÌ?niÌ?m prÌ?ijala zamiÌ?taveÌ? stanovisko vlaÌ?dy k naÌ?vrhu financÌ?niÌ? restrukturalizace TATRA, a. s.
+
+- VECÌ?ERKA, Milevsko - MARTEX Bernartice u Milevska - PosÌ?ta - PIÌ?SEK 1 - staÌ?nek PNS a. s. BakalaÌ?rÌ?e, PiÌ?sek - Prodej novin a cÌ?asopisuÌ? NaÌ?drazÌ?niÌ? ul., PiÌ?sek - Prodej novin a cÌ?asopisuÌ? staÌ?nek U noveÌ?ho mostu, PiÌ?sek - VAV Velkoobchod - papiÌ?rnictviÌ?
+
+Bay Networks LANcity je zcela inovovanaÌ? kompletniÌ? rÌ?ada datovyÌ?ch komunikacÌ?niÌ?ch zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? schopnyÌ?ch pokryÌ?t vesÌ?kereÌ? potrÌ?eby uzÌ?ivatele, pocÌ?iÌ?naje kabelovyÌ?m modemem pro jednoho uzÌ?ivatele po modemy pro velkeÌ? pracovniÌ? skupiny. SpeciaÌ?lniÌ? komunikacÌ?niÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? jsou urcÌ?ena pro operaÌ?tora kabeloveÌ? televize, cozÌ? umozÌ?nÌ?uje siÌ?tÌ? jednodusÌ?e vybudovat a efektivneÌ? spravovat.
+
+ProfesionaÌ?lniÌ? svarÌ?ovaciÌ? zdroje od firmy Lincoln Electric NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? sveÌ?tovyÌ? vyÌ?robce zdrojuÌ? pro obloukoveÌ? svarÌ?ovaciÌ? metody je vyraÌ?biÌ? a dodaÌ?vaÌ? v obrovskyÌ?ch seÌ?riiÌ?ch dle ISO 9002. Na vsÌ?echny poskytuje LINCOLN ELECTRIC 3 roky zaÌ?ruku, cozÌ? sveÌ?dcÌ?iÌ? o vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ? kvaliteÌ? nabiÌ?zenyÌ?ch produktuÌ?.
+
+V soucÌ?toveÌ? stanici jsou vyhodnoceny nacÌ?iÌ?taneÌ? impulzy s nastavitelnou cÌ?iÌ?taciÌ? konstantou a pomeÌ?ry meÌ?nicÌ?e (proud, napeÌ?tiÌ?) a sumarizovaÌ?ny vyÌ?sledneÌ? hodnoty energie v prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?nyÌ?ch kanaÌ?lovyÌ?ch registrech. Hodnoty lze kumulovat pro definovaneÌ? cÌ?asoveÌ? uÌ?seky (den, meÌ?siÌ?c, rok, interval).
+
+- vodicÌ?e a kabely pro meÌ?rÌ?iciÌ? a regulacÌ?niÌ? techniku LAMELA - dalsÌ?iÌ? vyÌ?robniÌ? program firmy MaR Servis (zaÌ?lohoveÌ? zdroje proudu, napaÌ?jeciÌ? zdroje, releÌ?oveÌ? moduly). VsÌ?echny zaÌ?jemce raÌ?di uviÌ?taÌ?me na staÌ?nku cÌ?. 303 v hale 2F (spolecÌ?naÌ? expozice se ZPA Ekoreg).
+
+Automobil trÌ?iÌ?dy A je pouze 3.6 m dlouhyÌ? (i kdyzÌ? opticky tak nepuÌ?sobiÌ?) a spojuje v sobeÌ? snadnou ovladatelnost meÌ?stskeÌ?ho automobilu s prostorem rodinneÌ?ho auta a s bezpecÌ?nostiÌ? a pohodliÌ?m, ktereÌ? obvykle nabiÌ?zejiÌ? limuziÌ?ny.
+
+EU. net shrnutiÌ? denniÌ?ch udaÌ?lostiÌ?. Na teÌ?to adrese byl k dispozici i potrÌ?ebnyÌ? software RealPlayer. CelaÌ? akce byla zaznamenaÌ?vaÌ?na a jejiÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti bylo mozÌ?neÌ? shleÌ?dnout i po jejiÌ?m ukoncÌ?eniÌ?. VyÌ?znam prÌ?enosu ocenÌ?ujiÌ? takeÌ? partnerÌ?i spolecÌ?nosti EUnet.
+
+K tomu budeme takeÌ? potrÌ?ebovat prvniÌ? derivaci partikulaÌ?rniÌ?ho rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? podle cÌ?asu. Ta je PartikulaÌ?rniÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? je jedno z rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? (celeÌ?) diferenciaÌ?lniÌ? rovnice (a). Po dosazeniÌ? do teÌ?to rovnice je tedy
+
+hladili mneÌ?, zurÌ?iÌ?ciÌ?mu nad tiÌ?m, ruce, stehna a dokonce i, jako bych zÌ?ena byl, liÌ?ce. Jindy ani ozÌ?rala si to neopovaÌ?zÌ?il, - a oni byli dosud strÌ?iÌ?zliviÌ?... Byly to projevy soustrasti?
+
+ReprezentativniÌ? diÌ?la jako ObcÌ?an Brych nebo ZeleneÌ? obzory vznikala jako hybridniÌ? uÌ?tvary na puÌ?li cesty mezi obeÌ?ma krajnostmi, v bodeÌ?, kde se protiÌ?naly obeÌ? tendence.
+
+JesÌ?teÌ? donedaÌ?vna meÌ?lo krÌ?estÌ?anstviÌ? mnohem naÌ?bozÌ?ensÌ?teÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?, religioÌ?zneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? charakter nezÌ? zÌ?idovstviÌ?, zejmeÌ?na nezÌ? starozaÌ?konniÌ? zÌ?idovstviÌ?.
+
+Jezte a pijte maÌ?lo. 5. ItaÌ?lie KaÌ?va se podaÌ?vaÌ? cÌ?ernaÌ?. TeÌ?stoviny a poleÌ?vka jsou povazÌ?ovaÌ?ny za prÌ?edkrm. Vyberte si jedno z nich. SalaÌ?t se podaÌ?vaÌ? po hlavniÌ?m chodu. Do neÌ?kteryÌ?ch kavaÌ?ren majiÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stup jen muzÌ?i. 6. Izrael VeÌ?tsÌ?ina restauraciÌ? je kosÌ?eÌ?r.
+
+Novela prÌ?inesla viÌ?ce probleÌ?muÌ? nezÌ? vylepsÌ?eniÌ? StavebniÌ?ci placÌ?te RNDr. Marie KovalovaÌ? SedlcÌ?any Novela stavebniÌ?ho zaÌ?kona cÌ?. 83/1998 Sb. spolu s novyÌ?mi vyhlaÌ?sÌ?kami cÌ?. 131, 132 a 137/1998 Sb. vyrÌ?esÌ?ila neÌ?kolik praÌ?vniÌ?ch nedostatkuÌ? prÌ?edchoziÌ?ch zaÌ?konnyÌ?ch prÌ?edpisuÌ?.
+
+7 zemiÌ? strÌ?edniÌ? a vyÌ?chodniÌ? Evropy (veÌ?tsÌ?inou sÌ?lo o jejich hlavniÌ? meÌ?sta) a ve 13 hlavniÌ?ch meÌ?stech rozvojovyÌ?ch zemiÌ?). Dosud posledniÌ?, trÌ?etiÌ? kolo, se uskutecÌ?nilo v roce 1996. Do vsÌ?ech trÌ?iÌ? kol se zapojilo celkem asi 130000 respondentuÌ? z 53 zemiÌ?.
+
+1.9. cÌ?tyrÌ?ikraÌ?t, (56: 14 = 4). 1.10. DvakraÌ?t, 1.11. o 1.12. o 1.13. 12, 8, (PrveÌ? cÌ?iÌ?slo oznacÌ?iÌ?me x, druheÌ? cÌ?iÌ?slo je 20 - x. Z rovnice obdrzÌ?iÌ?me x = 12)
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?klad 2.1. PaÌ?nskyÌ? svetr, jehozÌ? puÌ?vodniÌ? cena byla 400 KcÌ?, byl zlevneÌ?n o 15 % a pozdeÌ?ji zdrazÌ?en o 10 % z noveÌ? ceny. a) JakaÌ? byla jeho novaÌ? cena? b) Za kolik procent z puÌ?vodniÌ? ceny se svetr nyniÌ? prodaÌ?vaÌ??
+
+UÌ?loha maÌ? jedineÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?. b) SestrojiÌ?me uÌ?secÌ?ku BC tak, aby | BC | = a. V krajniÌ?ch bodech sestrojiÌ?me prÌ?ilehleÌ? uÌ?hly b, g. UÌ?loha maÌ? jedineÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?. c) ZvoliÌ?me jednu polorovinu s hranicÌ?niÌ? prÌ?iÌ?mkou AC.
+
+je trÌ?eba ji urazit k dosazÌ?eniÌ? vasÌ?iÌ? individuaÌ?lniÌ? vaÌ?hy. Dostanete pod kontrolu svuÌ?j prÌ?iÌ?jem potravy a poznaÌ?te, zÌ?e mezi nutnyÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?sunem potravin a touhou po pozÌ?itciÌ?ch zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? oblast napeÌ?tiÌ?, v niÌ?zÌ? se pak za pomoci akupresury budete s jistotou pohybovat.
+
+Ze vsÌ?eho nejdrÌ?iÌ?v potrÌ?ebujete trpeÌ?livost. Auto, ktereÌ? staÌ?lo dlouhaÌ? leÌ?ta v garaÌ?zÌ?i, by zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? zodpoveÌ?dnyÌ? rÌ?idicÌ? nehnal hned napoprveÌ? do vysokyÌ?ch obraÌ?tek. MusiÌ? je opatrneÌ? zajiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?t. ToteÌ?zÌ? by meÌ?l kazÌ?dyÌ? deÌ?lat se svyÌ?m organismem, pokud se - klidneÌ? i ve
+
+Je mozÌ?neÌ?, zÌ?e se zmeÌ?nami ceÌ?v sniÌ?zÌ?iÌ? vlhkost a tvorba slz, cozÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e miÌ?t za naÌ?sledek nesnaÌ?sÌ?enlivost vuÌ?cÌ?i kontaktniÌ?m cÌ?ocÌ?kaÌ?m. K tomu vsÌ?ak dochaÌ?ziÌ? jen prÌ?i uzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? syntetickeÌ?ho estrogenu, zatiÌ?mco uzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? prÌ?iÌ?rodniÌ?ch estrogenuÌ? - jak jesÌ?teÌ? uvidiÌ?me - maÌ? uÌ?cÌ?inek prÌ?esneÌ? opacÌ?nyÌ?.
+
+Azbest byl povazÌ?ovaÌ?n za ideaÌ?lniÌ? izolacÌ?niÌ? materiaÌ?l, zpuÌ?sobuje ale rakovinu. Pesticidy zvysÌ?ujiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskou vyÌ?robu - neÌ?ktereÌ? ale vyvolaÌ?vajiÌ? vrozeneÌ? vady, aerosoloveÌ? spreje a chladnicÌ?ky byly pozÌ?ehnaÌ?niÌ?m - pomohly ale znicÌ?it ozonovou vrstvu a mohou tak zpuÌ?sobit rakovinu kuÌ?zÌ?e, a tento uÌ?cÌ?inek v budoucnosti jesÌ?teÌ? zesiÌ?liÌ?.
+
+PLATIÌ? HIV = AIDS? ZacÌ?aÌ?tkem 90. let byla otevrÌ?ena zaÌ?sadniÌ? otaÌ?zka o praveÌ?m puÌ?vodu AIDS a uÌ?loze HIV prÌ?i sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? nemoci.
+
+Ty totizÌ? cÌ?asto veliÌ? obejiÌ?t se spiÌ?sÌ?e bez technologiiÌ?, a miÌ?sto toho usednout s pacientem ke klidneÌ?mu rozhovoru nebo mu prÌ?i viziteÌ? stisknout ruku. 8.1. Co chceme, umiÌ?me a muÌ?zÌ?eme
+
+Podle teÌ?to teorie jsou tak tuky meÌ?neÌ? sÌ?kodliveÌ?. Ellison dodaÌ?vaÌ?: "CÌ?erveneÌ? viÌ?no se zdaÌ? miÌ?t obzvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? silneÌ? ochranneÌ? uÌ?cÌ?inky. MaÌ?me mnoho velmi nadeÌ?jnyÌ?ch hypoteÌ?z, ale zatiÌ?m nejsou shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?na vesÌ?keraÌ? data."
+
+JediÌ? pravidelneÌ? hlavniÌ? jiÌ?dla. A jakaÌ?! PoledniÌ? jiÌ?dlo je velkou udaÌ?lostiÌ?, rozvaÌ?zÌ?nyÌ?m konzumovaÌ?niÌ?m neÌ?kolika choduÌ? cÌ?asto lideÌ? straÌ?viÌ? hodinku i dveÌ?.
+
+To, co zjistili, muÌ?zÌ?e miÌ?t, pokud jde o zdravotniÌ? puÌ?sobeniÌ? konzumace viÌ?na, vyÌ?znamnyÌ? dopad v celeÌ? vinarÌ?skeÌ? sfeÌ?rÌ?e. Zjistili, zÌ?e naÌ?poje s nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m podiÌ?lem flavonoiduÌ? produkujiÌ? bez ohledu na miÌ?sto puÌ?vodu hlavneÌ? maleÌ? vinarÌ?skeÌ? podniky vyuzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? prÌ?i vyÌ?robeÌ? viÌ?na tradicÌ?niÌ?ch zpuÌ?sobuÌ?.
+
+ChraÌ?niÌ? prÌ?ed srdecÌ?niÌ?mi chorobami US RDA neniÌ? oficiaÌ?lneÌ? urcÌ?ena EU RDA neniÌ? oficiaÌ?lneÌ? stanovena DoplnÌ?ky obsahujiÌ? 0.05 - 0.2 mg CelozrnnyÌ? prÌ?enicÌ?nyÌ? chleÌ?b obsahuje chrom, kteryÌ? ovlivnÌ?uje hladinu krevniÌ?ho cukru KovovyÌ? chrom je extrahovaÌ?n z mineraÌ?lu chromitu DALSÌ?IÌ? FUNKCE Kobalt muÌ?zÌ?e spolecÌ?neÌ? s vitaminem B12
+
+V tomto obdobiÌ? podaÌ?vaÌ?me veÌ?tsÌ?inou Feminar, jen neÌ?kdy daÌ?vaÌ?me ke konci tohoto obdobiÌ? 2/3 Sunar. PrvniÌ? meÌ?siÌ?c daÌ?vaÌ?me obvykle 2/3 Feminar nebo Sunar, na zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? radu leÌ?karÌ?e Lakton nebo Eviko. VsÌ?echny prÌ?iÌ?pravky rÌ?ediÌ?me prÌ?evarÌ?enou vodou.
+
+Obsah uÌ?cÌ?innyÌ?ch laÌ?tek v rostlinaÌ?ch je velmi rozdiÌ?lnyÌ?. Obsah uÌ?cÌ?innyÌ?ch laÌ?tek MuÌ?zÌ?eme se setkat s rostlinou, jejiÌ?zÌ? obsah uÌ?cÌ?innyÌ?ch laÌ?tek je malyÌ? nebo dokonce zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ?, jsou vsÌ?ak rostliny, jejichzÌ? obsah uÌ?cÌ?innyÌ?ch laÌ?tek je neobvykle vysokyÌ?.
+
+SrdecÌ?niÌ? glykosidy naÌ?prstniÌ?ku, konvalinky a hlavaÌ?cÌ?ku jsou vysoce uÌ?cÌ?inneÌ?, takzÌ?e je rÌ?adiÌ?me k nejprudsÌ?iÌ?m jeduÌ?m. V rÌ?iÌ?sÌ?i rostlinneÌ? jsou hodneÌ? rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eny. Antrakoglykosidy jsou obsazÌ?eny v reveni, v krusÌ?ineÌ?, v rÌ?esÌ?etlaÌ?ku a jinyÌ?ch rostlinaÌ?ch a uzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? se jako projiÌ?madla.
+
+TrÌ?icet testujiÌ?ciÌ?ch zÌ?en si pecÌ?liveÌ? naliÌ?cÌ?ilo rty a stopky zacÌ?aly odpocÌ?iÌ?taÌ?vat 60 sekund... PrÌ?i vyÌ?robeÌ? rteÌ?nek se mimo jineÌ? pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? silikonovyÌ? olej, kteryÌ? je teÌ?kavyÌ? a po naneseniÌ? na rty se odparÌ?iÌ?.
+
+StacÌ?iÌ? ji na neÌ?kolik dniÌ? namocÌ?it do vody, zpevniÌ? se a deÌ?le vydrzÌ?iÌ?. K dyzÌ? se zahraÌ?dkaÌ?rÌ? pustiÌ? do praÌ?ce, sousedeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? nejaÌ?sajiÌ?. Bohulibou praÌ?ci doprovaÌ?ziÌ? hluk. A u benziÌ?novyÌ?ch vyzÌ?iÌ?nacÌ?uÌ? (sekacÌ?ek, krÌ?ovinorÌ?ezuÌ?, plotostrÌ?izÌ?en) se jednaÌ? o hluk nadmeÌ?rnyÌ?.
+
+Vyskytne-li se tedy na sniÌ?mciÌ?ch sÌ?patneÌ? zabarveniÌ?, byÌ?vaÌ? na vineÌ? spiÌ?sÌ?e sÌ?patneÌ? zpracovaÌ?niÌ? filmu, prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? jeho sÌ?patneÌ? skladovaÌ?niÌ?.
+
+Thomas S. Power a zaÌ?kladnu meÌ?lo na letisÌ?ti North Field na ostroveÌ? Guam. VyÌ?prava slozÌ?enaÌ? z 325 letounuÌ? odstartovala z Marian po poledni 9. brÌ?ezna 1945.
+
+Tento naÌ?zev, bezpochyby inspirovanyÌ? silnou strÌ?eleckou vyÌ?zbrojiÌ? letounu (dorÌ?esÌ?enou teprve v pozdeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch verziÌ?ch), dobrÌ?e odraÌ?zÌ?el poslaÌ?niÌ?, ktereÌ? mu urcÌ?ili zaÌ?stupci USAAC. B - 17 meÌ?l plnit obrannou roli - braÌ?nit pobrÌ?ezÌ?iÌ? SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ? prÌ?ed hladinovyÌ?mi naÌ?morÌ?niÌ?mi silami potenciaÌ?lniÌ?ch protivniÌ?kuÌ? USA.
+
+Po prÌ?iÌ?letu na Maltu byly z letounuÌ? demontovaÌ?ny prÌ?iÌ?davneÌ? naÌ?drzÌ?e paliva a oleje, instalovaÌ?ny tropickeÌ? filtry a zbytek vyÌ?zbroje. V kveÌ?tnu 1942 zacÌ?ala Luftwaffe provaÌ?deÌ?t nad vojenskyÌ?mi objekty v EgypteÌ? pruÌ?zkumneÌ? lety ve velmi velkyÌ?ch vyÌ?sÌ?kaÌ?ch s letouny Junkers Ju 86 P umiÌ?steÌ?nyÌ?mi na KreÌ?teÌ?.
+
+Byl elegantniÌ?, vysokyÌ?, sÌ?tiÌ?hlyÌ? a dbal i svveÌ?ho zevneÌ?jsÌ?ku. Na vizity chodil na oddeÌ?leniÌ? obcÌ?as s cÌ?ervenyÌ?m karafiaÌ?tem prÌ?ipnutyÌ?m ke klopeÌ? biÌ?leÌ?ho plaÌ?sÌ?teÌ?. Pacientky samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? obdivovaly muzÌ?e s cÌ?ernyÌ?mi vlasy a modryÌ?ma ocÌ?ima.
+
+Ve cÌ?tvrtstoletiÌ?, ktereÌ? straÌ?vil v Olomouci, se nesmazatelneÌ? zapsal do kulturniÌ? historie meÌ?sta prÌ?i budovaÌ?niÌ? rozhlasoveÌ?ho studia a plodnou cÌ?innostiÌ? hudebneÌ? dramatickou, nacÌ?as dirigoval v MoravskeÌ? filharmonii, neÌ?kolik let byl takeÌ? sÌ?eÌ?fem opery.
+
+To bude hlubokyÌ?m smyslem jeho vystoupeniÌ? v raÌ?mci Kritiky cÌ?isteÌ?ho rozumu. KantovskaÌ? kritika Okolnosti
+
+1. Toto slovo se zdaÌ? byÌ?t vyÌ?sadou stoicismu. Ale neniÌ? tomu tak. NachaÌ?ziÌ?me ho ve velmi vyÌ?znamnyÌ?ch tradiciÌ?ch, pocÌ?iÌ?naje krÌ?estÌ?anstviÌ?m. V prvniÌ?m rÌ?aÌ?dku evangelia svateÌ?ho Jana cÌ?teme: En archeÌ? ho Logos, "Na pocÌ?aÌ?tku byl Logos."
+
+Vypukla vaÌ?lka, nasÌ?e meÌ?sto a nasÌ?e vlast se staly soucÌ?aÌ?stiÌ? Hitlerova impeÌ?ria. PeÌ?t a puÌ?l roku jsme zÌ?ili ve zcela jinyÌ?ch dimenziÌ?ch, nezÌ? jsme mohli znaÌ?t z jakeÌ?koli zkusÌ?enosti nebo z literatury.
+
+SÌ?kola v lidovyÌ?ch demokraciiÌ?ch se zaÌ?sadneÌ? lisÌ?iÌ? od sÌ?koly na ZaÌ?padeÌ?, tedy od teÌ? sÌ?koly, do jakeÌ? jsem chodil v prÌ?edvaÌ?lecÌ?neÌ?m Polsku. JaÌ? i moji spoluzÌ?aÌ?ci jsme byli vystaveni puÌ?sobeniÌ? dvojiÌ?ho systeÌ?mu hodnot.
+
+Tehdy se mnoho mladyÌ?ch lidiÌ? vzbourÌ?ilo a mimo jineÌ? i uteklo od rodin na osameÌ?laÌ? miÌ?sta, kde holdovali svyÌ?m novyÌ?m zÌ?ivotniÌ?m ideaÌ?luÌ?m: bezstarostnosti, volneÌ? laÌ?sce a obdivu k prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ?. ZaÌ?hy sociologoveÌ? zjistili mnoho zajiÌ?mavyÌ?ch jevuÌ?.
+
+Pokud cÌ?loveÌ?k nezvlaÌ?dl uÌ?koly prÌ?edchoziÌ?ch vyÌ?vojovyÌ?ch faÌ?ziÌ?, s obtiÌ?zÌ?emi se vyrovnaÌ?vaÌ? s uÌ?koly soucÌ?asnosti. NejspolehliveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?rukou spokojeneÌ?ho staÌ?rÌ?iÌ? je zÌ?ivot prozÌ?ityÌ? v tvorÌ?iveÌ?m uÌ?siliÌ?, naplneÌ?nyÌ? i kvalitniÌ?mi mezilidskyÌ?mi vztahy.
+
+Nemohou meÌ? v meÌ? vnitrÌ?niÌ? harmonii rusÌ?it. PrÌ?ed Mnichovem jsem se snazÌ?il v nejkriticÌ?teÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch chviÌ?liÌ?ch nasÌ?eho naÌ?rodniÌ?ho zÌ?ivota udeÌ?lat vsÌ?e, abych kazÌ?deÌ?mu vyhoveÌ?l, ale nepodarÌ?ilo se mi to.
+
+KdyzÌ? krÌ?estÌ?anskeÌ? ciÌ?rkve v celeÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ? provaÌ?deÌ?jiÌ? charitativniÌ? cÌ?innost, praÌ?veÌ? tak se neptajiÌ?, zdali ten, komu se jiÌ? dostane, je krÌ?estÌ?an nebo vyznavacÌ? islaÌ?mu cÌ?i hinduista. Jsou zkraÌ?tka veÌ?ci mezi nebem a zemiÌ?, ktereÌ? jsou veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? nasÌ?e malost.
+
+Na co cÌ?ekali Simeon a Anna? UkazÌ? na biblickeÌ? novozaÌ?konniÌ? mapeÌ? cestu z BetleÌ?ma do Egypta a odkud do Nazareta. NaÌ?sÌ? rozhovor O DIAKONII A MISII s Pavlem Wienerem, prÌ?edsedou spraÌ?vniÌ? rady SvaÌ?tek jaÌ?hna SÌ?teÌ?paÌ?na maÌ? o vaÌ?nocÌ?niÌ?ch svaÌ?tciÌ?ch tak trochu zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? postaveniÌ?.
+
+(c) PrazÌ?skaÌ? provincie redemptoristuÌ? MalaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?rucÌ?ka pastoracÌ?niÌ? peÌ?cÌ?e o nemocneÌ? P. ing. AlesÌ? OpatrnyÌ? UÌ?vod RÌ?ekne-li se "pastoracÌ?niÌ? peÌ?cÌ?e", bude miÌ?t veÌ?tsÌ?ina lidiÌ? dojem, zÌ?e se jednaÌ? o cÌ?innost, vyhrazÌ?enou kneÌ?zÌ?iÌ?m, jaÌ?hnuÌ?m a biskupuÌ?m.
+
+KoryÌ?sÌ?i a meÌ?kkyÌ?sÌ?i, tedy RACI, KRABI, HUMRÌ?I, LANGUSTY, GARNAÌ?TI, UÌ?STRÌ?ICE, MUSÌ?LE a dalsÌ?iÌ? se jediÌ? podle uÌ?pravy, v poleÌ?vce, jako raguÌ?, karbanaÌ?tky, smazÌ?eneÌ? fileÌ? ap. bez probleÌ?muÌ?, na speciaÌ?lniÌ? uÌ?pravy vsÌ?ak existujiÌ? i speciaÌ?lniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?bory:
+
+Dojeli, ale mnohyÌ?m se to uzÌ? nemusiÌ? podarÌ?it vuÌ?bec. PrÌ?iÌ?cÌ?inou pozÌ?aÌ?ru v HradecÌ?neÌ? byly svaÌ?rÌ?eciÌ? praÌ?ce na vozidle Simca. Foto: SDH Bouzov
+
+NediÌ?lnou soucÌ?aÌ?stiÌ? systeÌ?mu jsou takeÌ? sokly pro ruÌ?zneÌ? zpuÌ?soby montaÌ?zÌ?e hlaÌ?sicÌ?uÌ?, paralelniÌ? optickeÌ? indikaÌ?tory, veÌ?tviÌ?ciÌ? linkoveÌ? cÌ?leny, vst./vyÌ?st. moduly, oddeÌ?lovaciÌ? cÌ?leny pro hlaÌ?sicÌ?e v prostrÌ?ediÌ? SNV a optickeÌ? a akustickeÌ? prvky pro vyhlasÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? poplachu.
+
+ZajisteÌ?, zÌ?e neniÌ? trÌ?eba, aby v kazÌ?deÌ? vesnici byla cisterna. ProbleÌ?my se staÌ?rnouciÌ? technikou ale i na NaÌ?chodsku naruÌ?stajiÌ?, i kdyzÌ? tady meÌ?li trochu kliku. DiÌ?ky likvidaciÌ?m podnikuÌ? se podarÌ?ilo ziÌ?skat paÌ?r levnyÌ?ch vozidel.
+
+MeÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? bylo provedeno v TechnickeÌ?m uÌ?stavu PozÌ?aÌ?rniÌ? ochrany. Kdo nakoupil a rozhodl o pouzÌ?itiÌ? teÌ?chto kobercuÌ?? KonecÌ?neÌ? posledniÌ? selhaÌ?niÌ? lidskeÌ?ho faktoru vidiÌ?m v umiÌ?steÌ?niÌ? hlavniÌ?ho a uÌ?nikoveÌ?ho schodisÌ?teÌ? vedle sebe. Zde rovneÌ?zÌ? nepochybuji, zÌ?e byly dodrzÌ?eny tehdy platneÌ? prÌ?edpisy a normy.
+
+nejzajiÌ?maveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? je snad cena a deÌ?lka praÌ?veÌ? probiÌ?hajiÌ?ciÌ?ho hovoru. DaÌ?le se indikuje pocÌ?et tarifniÌ?ch impulzuÌ?, dobu zbyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? do prÌ?iÌ?chodu dalsÌ?iÌ?ho impulsu a takeÌ? celkovaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stka protelefonovanaÌ? za danyÌ? hovor a za posledniÌ? obdobiÌ?.
+
+Takto by meÌ?la byÌ?t prÌ?ijiÌ?maÌ?na i klienty v raÌ?mci ruÌ?znyÌ?ch nabiÌ?dkovyÌ?ch rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ?. Na zaÌ?veÌ?r nutno dodat, zÌ?e sprinklery s vysoce citlivou pojistkou, jakozÌ? i dalsÌ?iÌ? typy, jako je sprinkler ESFR a WHEC, jsou schvaÌ?leneÌ? pro pouzÌ?itiÌ? v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice MV - rÌ?editelstviÌ?m HZS CÌ?R.
+
+Pokud nejsi zpocÌ?aÌ?tku prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? ohebnyÌ?, napiÌ?nej vnitrÌ?niÌ? svaly tak, zÌ?e chodidla spojiÌ?sÌ? k sobeÌ? jako na ukaÌ?zce. PrÌ?idrzÌ?uj se naÌ?rtuÌ?. CvicÌ? klidneÌ? PrÌ?i protahovaÌ?niÌ? nikdy svaly neprÌ?eteÌ?zÌ?uj a nedeÌ?lej prudkeÌ? pohyby. DyÌ?chej normaÌ?lneÌ?. Takhle si protaÌ?hnesÌ? vneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? stehenniÌ? sval. ProtahovaÌ?niÌ? vneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ho stehna
+
+V kancelaÌ?rÌ?i PrÌ?ekrÌ?iÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? kotniÌ?kuÌ? PosadÌ?te se pohodlneÌ? na zÌ?idli a nataÌ?hneÌ?te nohy prÌ?ed sebe.
+
+DoporucÌ?uji neoÌ?noveÌ? trubice, ktereÌ? jsou zaÌ?rovenÌ? velmi uÌ?sporneÌ?. ZÌ?aÌ?rovky nedaÌ?vajiÌ? dostatek sveÌ?tla. HrazeniÌ? HrazeniÌ? okolo celeÌ? haly takeÌ? braÌ?niÌ? koniÌ?m opiÌ?rat se o steÌ?nu. Jeho svislaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st zasahuje 10 cm do zemeÌ? a 20 cm nad niÌ?. DrÌ?evo je natrÌ?eneÌ? ochrannyÌ?m prostrÌ?edkem.
+
+Pod naÌ?zvem MuÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t huÌ?rÌ?e se skryÌ?vala UsÌ?etrÌ?enaÌ? libra (znaÌ?me ji z televizniÌ? inscenace s Janem Werichem, JirÌ?iÌ?m SovaÌ?kem, Stelou ZaÌ?zvorkovou a Janou Werichovou) a CÌ?ekaÌ?rna u leÌ?karÌ?e.
+
+DekodeÌ?r poznaÌ?, zÌ?e na posledniÌ?ch 4 miÌ?stech jsou hodnoty odpoviÌ?dajiÌ?ciÌ? naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?speÌ?vkuÌ?m od rusÌ?iveÌ?ho signaÌ?lu, kteryÌ? jako celek dekodeÌ?r neznaÌ? ale viÌ?, zÌ?e
+
+Do doplnÌ?koveÌ? tabulky MZ 2 je trÌ?eba zahrnout i znaky pro meÌ?niÌ?ciÌ? se naÌ?rodniÌ? varianty, takzÌ?e lze jejiÌ? znaky interpretovat budÌ? volbou naÌ?rodniÌ?ch variant (C 12 C 13 C 14) nebo paketem X/26.
+
+2) Druhou podmiÌ?nkou je vysiÌ?laÌ?niÌ? rÌ?aÌ?dky X/24 se zmiÌ?neÌ?nou barevnou naÌ?poveÌ?dou. Je to naprÌ?. prodlouzÌ?enyÌ? znakovyÌ? obdeÌ?lniÌ?k v prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?neÌ? barveÌ? nebo stejneÌ? barevnyÌ? strucÌ?nyÌ? naÌ?pis pro obsah sdruzÌ?eneÌ? straÌ?nky, viz obr. 405, 427AB.
+
+Proto je poloha nad rovniÌ?kem nutnaÌ?. VzaÌ?jemnaÌ? vzdaÌ?lenost rozhlasovyÌ?ch druzÌ?ic je daÌ?na strÌ?edovyÌ?m uÌ?hlem 6°. Na jedneÌ? pozici prÌ?edpisuje konference WARC 77 maximaÌ?lniÌ? pocÌ?et 8 druzÌ?ic. Pozice od nulteÌ?ho poledniÌ?ku vyÌ?chodniÌ?m smeÌ?rem se oznacÌ?uje kladnyÌ?mi hodnotami uÌ?hlovyÌ?ch stupnÌ?uÌ?, zaÌ?padniÌ? smeÌ?r prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?pornyÌ?m hodnotaÌ?m.
+
+Z vysÌ?kovskeÌ?ho regionu s pomeÌ?rneÌ? vysokou nezameÌ?stnanostiÌ? dojiÌ?zÌ?diÌ? hodneÌ? lidiÌ? do praÌ?ce, ale i do sÌ?kol do jihomoravskeÌ? metropole. NaviÌ?c VysÌ?kov je vojenskeÌ? meÌ?sto s posaÌ?dkou a neÌ?kolika vojenskyÌ?mi sÌ?kolami, odkud jsou takeÌ? cÌ?astiÌ? zaÌ?kazniÌ?ci CÌ?eskyÌ?ch drah.
+
+MuÌ?zÌ?ete si tam - pro zajiÌ?mavost - i nechat vyvolat sveÌ? sniÌ?mky a nakoupit fotomateriaÌ?l. SlavnostniÌ? otevrÌ?eniÌ? prodejniÌ? kancelaÌ?rÌ?e bylo doprovaÌ?zeno dixielandem prÌ?ed vkusneÌ? upravenyÌ?m vchodem a ozdobeno hveÌ?zdnou uÌ?cÌ?astiÌ? ministra dopravy a spojuÌ? a vysokyÌ?ch funkcionaÌ?rÌ?uÌ? CÌ?eskyÌ?ch drah.
+
+NedaÌ?vno jsme meÌ?li na "DvorÌ?aÌ?ku" z Prahy do ViÌ?dneÌ? hosta z Japonska, byl s jiÌ?dlem i pitiÌ?m spokojenyÌ?, a mozÌ?naÌ? proto si vsÌ?echno fotografoval.
+
+V programu se ovsÌ?em takeÌ? konstatuje, zÌ?e velmi niÌ?zkaÌ? uÌ?rovenÌ? zadluzÌ?eniÌ? CÌ?D (po oddluzÌ?eniÌ? prÌ?i rozdeÌ?leniÌ? na CÌ?D a ZÌ?SR) velmi rychle naruÌ?staÌ?. PomeÌ?rem majetku, kteryÌ?m CÌ?D hospodarÌ?iÌ?, na jednoho jejiÌ?ho pracovniÌ?ka, maÌ? proti zÌ?elezniciÌ?m EU vyÌ?raznou prÌ?ekapitalizaci.
+
+Objevuje se od 18. st. v NeÌ?mecku (G. E. Lessing). " DobrÌ?e utajenyÌ? tvuÌ?rce NeniÌ? podepsaÌ?n jako autor, nevystupuje na obrazovce, jmeÌ?no se jenom mihne v titulciÌ?ch, jeho profese je nenaÌ?padnaÌ?, a prÌ?ece kliÌ?cÌ?ovaÌ? - dramaturg.
+
+Po narozeniÌ? saje mlaÌ?deÌ? pandy materÌ?skeÌ? mleÌ?ko 6 - 14 kraÌ?t za den, pokazÌ?deÌ? azÌ? puÌ?l hodiny. OcÌ?i otviÌ?raÌ? mezi 45 - 48 dnem a dokaÌ?zÌ?e zvednout hlavu, ale pohyby maÌ? staÌ?le nekoordinovaneÌ?.
+
+MlaÌ?dÌ?ata krmiÌ? asi 10 tyÌ?dnuÌ? do doby nezÌ? zvlaÌ?dnou zacÌ?aÌ?tky leteckeÌ?ho umeÌ?niÌ?. Orli morÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? dospiÌ?vajiÌ? azÌ? ve veÌ?ku 5 let. V prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ? se mohou dozÌ?iÌ?t azÌ? 30 let, v zajetiÌ? se jeden morÌ?skyÌ? orel dozÌ?il dokonce 42 let.
+
+OrnitologoveÌ? toto obdobiÌ? povazÌ?ujiÌ? za nejvhodneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? k pocÌ?iÌ?taÌ?niÌ? sov. NeÌ?kdy se podarÌ?iÌ? sovu k houkaÌ?niÌ? vyprovokovat i magnetofonovou nahraÌ?vkou a staÌ?vaÌ? se dokonce, zÌ?e se prÌ?ileÌ?tne na sveÌ?ho rivala podiÌ?vat.
+
+ZÌ?iviÌ? se zÌ?iÌ?zÌ?alami, plzÌ?i, mlzÌ?i a larvami hmyzu, nepohrdne ani zdechlinou zÌ?aÌ?by cÌ?i ryby. TeÌ?lo maÌ? pokryto tvrdyÌ?m krunyÌ?rÌ?em a kdyzÌ? roste, svleÌ?kaÌ? ho neÌ?kolikraÌ?t za rok.
+
+Po odumrÌ?eniÌ? korÌ?enuÌ? a jejich naÌ?sledneÌ?m mikrobiaÌ?lniÌ?m rozkladu zbyde v puÌ?deÌ? soustava kanaÌ?lkuÌ?, tzv. biologickaÌ? drenaÌ?zÌ?. TeÌ?mito kanaÌ?lky se i do veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?ch hloubek snadno dostaÌ?vaÌ? voda a vzduch, cozÌ? vede k ozÌ?iveniÌ? i teÌ?chto vrstev.
+
+Je to ciÌ?leveÌ?domeÌ?, plaÌ?noviteÌ? a systematickeÌ? sledovaÌ?niÌ? urcÌ?ityÌ?ch skutecÌ?nostiÌ?. Student je provaÌ?diÌ? beÌ?hem odborneÌ? praxe prÌ?iÌ?mo v uÌ?tvarech podniku. VyÌ?sledkem je pak nejen popis skutecÌ?nosti, ale i jejiÌ? vysveÌ?tleniÌ?. PrÌ?iÌ?kladem pozorovaÌ?niÌ? je sniÌ?mek pracovniÌ?ho dne, chronometraÌ?zÌ?, momentoveÌ? pozorovaÌ?niÌ? aj.
+
+Asparagin a glutamin se tvorÌ?iÌ? amidaciÌ? aspartaÌ?tu a glutamaÌ?tu, tyrosin hydroxylaciÌ? esenciaÌ?lniÌ? aminokyseliny fenylalaninu. ZatiÌ?mco vyÌ?robu neÌ?kteryÌ?ch aminokyselin prÌ?enechaÌ?vajiÌ? zÌ?ivocÌ?ichoveÌ? jinyÌ?m organismuÌ?m, dokaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? syntetizovat vsÌ?echny nukleotidy vcÌ?etneÌ? nukleovyÌ?ch baÌ?ziÌ?. S vyÌ?jimkou maleÌ?ho pocÌ?tu bakteriiÌ? to dovedou vsÌ?echny biologickeÌ? systeÌ?my a pouzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? k tomu podobneÌ? mechanismy.
+
+Spolu s geometriiÌ? prÌ?ispiÌ?vaÌ? k vytvaÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? a zdokonalovaÌ?niÌ? prostoroveÌ? prÌ?edstavivosti. ZvlaÌ?dnutiÌ? tohoto uÌ?kolu patrÌ?iÌ? k obtiÌ?zÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti ryÌ?sovaÌ?niÌ?. PrÌ?i rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? zadanyÌ?ch uÌ?loh se uplatniÌ? vedle prÌ?edstavivosti i vasÌ?e fantazie. TeÌ?zÌ?isÌ?teÌ?m nasÌ?iÌ? cÌ?innosti v teÌ?to cÌ?aÌ?sti bude praÌ?ce s pracovniÌ?mi listy.
+
+StrÌ?edem miÌ?chy prochaÌ?ziÌ? miÌ?sÌ?niÌ? kanaÌ?lek, kteryÌ? uÌ?stiÌ? do dutiny v prodlouzÌ?eneÌ? miÌ?sÌ?e, do tzv. IV. mozkoveÌ? komory. Odtud vychaÌ?ziÌ? SylviuÌ?v kanaÌ?lek, spojujiÌ?ciÌ? IV. mozkovou komoru s III. komorou lezÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? v mezimozku.
+
+Zkuste zatlacÌ?it pod vodu gumovyÌ? miÌ?cÌ? nebo kostku z polystyrenu. CiÌ?tiÌ?te, jak se s vaÌ?mi voda prÌ?etlacÌ?uje? PokusiÌ?me se odhalit procÌ?. DrÌ?iÌ?v nezÌ? si zÌ?aÌ?ci prÌ?ecÌ?tou text, diskutujte s nimi, jak voda tlacÌ?iÌ? na jednotliveÌ? steÌ?ny cÌ?aÌ?stecÌ?neÌ? ponorÌ?eneÌ? dlazÌ?ebniÌ? kostky.
+
+TazateleÌ? musiÌ? puÌ?sobit co nejviÌ?ce "neutraÌ?lniÌ?m dojmem".
+
+3. PrÌ?edvoleneÌ? vysiÌ?lacÌ?e se pak vyladÌ?ujiÌ? automaticky po stisknutiÌ? prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?neÌ?ho tlacÌ?iÌ?tka na dobu dvou vterÌ?in. UPOZORNEÌ?NIÌ? V prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? delsÌ?iÌ?ho odpojeniÌ? akumulaÌ?toru se vsÌ?echny prÌ?ipraveneÌ? prÌ?edvolby ztratiÌ?. AutomatickaÌ? prÌ?edvolba Do pameÌ?ti automatickeÌ? prÌ?edvolby lze ulozÌ?it osm strÌ?edovlnnyÌ?ch a sÌ?estnaÌ?ct kraÌ?tkovlnnyÌ?ch stanic.
+
+Tam vedouciÌ? zkontroluje, zda prÌ?ivedl opravdu EuroÌ?pu nebo ne. KdyzÌ? se trefil, koncÌ?iÌ? a dle porÌ?adiÌ? ziÌ?skaÌ?vaÌ? body. KdyzÌ? ne, jde zpeÌ?t do lesa hledat neÌ?koho jineÌ?ho. 5. BliÌ?zÌ?enci (21.5. - 21.6.)
+
+atd. ZviÌ?teÌ?ziÌ? samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? ten, kdo nejleÌ?pe zodpoveÌ?deÌ?l vsÌ?echny otaÌ?zky. ViÌ?teÌ?zi je na zaÌ?veÌ?r schuÌ?zky prÌ?edaÌ?n symbolickyÌ? kliÌ?cÌ? od klubovny. 16. KLIÌ?CÌ?E OD PEVNOSTI BOYARD UrcÌ?iteÌ? znaÌ?te tu televizniÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?. Tady je v provedeniÌ?, ktereÌ? hraje naÌ?sÌ? oddiÌ?l uzÌ? asi 5 let.
+
+4. Klingoni - JestlizÌ?e druzÌ?stvo vstoupiÌ? na poliÌ?cÌ?ko, na neÌ?mzÌ? jsou klingoni, musiÌ? s nimi bojovat. A to takto: ObeÌ? strany Enterprice (druzÌ?stvo) i Klingoni (vedouciÌ?) si postaviÌ? na protilehleÌ? okraje stolu 5 krabicÌ?ek od zaÌ?palek.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?pravneÌ? praÌ?ce - VedouciÌ? jizÌ? prÌ?edem prÌ?ipraviÌ? dostatecÌ?neÌ? mnozÌ?stviÌ? segmentuÌ? bludisÌ?teÌ? (stacÌ?iÌ? 2x ofotit a rozstrÌ?iÌ?hat prÌ?ilozÌ?enyÌ? plaÌ?n). VsÌ?echny segmenty vlozÌ?iÌ? do krabicÌ?ky. DaÌ?le prÌ?ipraviÌ? pro kazÌ?dou skupinu pohled neÌ?jakeÌ?ho hradu, rozstrÌ?iÌ?hanyÌ? na 15 - 20 kouskuÌ?. 2.
+
+Oba hraÌ?cÌ?e postaviÌ?me proti sobeÌ? a nasadiÌ?me jim cÌ?epice. KazÌ?dyÌ? dostane kompas, zaÌ?palku nebo steÌ?blo slaÌ?my, aby si mohl urcÌ?it smeÌ?r cesty, a cestovniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?kaz list papiÌ?ru s popisem cesty, kde jsou napsaÌ?ny azimuty. Oba hraÌ?cÌ?i si serÌ?iÌ?diÌ? svuÌ?j kompas.
+
+Pro VaÌ?s bude miÌ?t velkyÌ? vyÌ?znam rychlost obleÌ?kaÌ?niÌ?, nebotÌ? to bude miÌ?t rozhodujiÌ?ciÌ? slovo prÌ?i hodnoceniÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?e. Pravidla hry jsou: VlastniÌ? hra: VelkeÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? na ktereÌ?m jsou nakresleny dveÌ? pocÌ?aÌ?tecÌ?niÌ? stanovisÌ?teÌ?.
+
+9. SÌ?ach: KraÌ?l je v sÌ?achu, jestlizÌ?e pole, na ktereÌ?m stojiÌ?, ohrozÌ?uje nejmeÌ?neÌ? jeden souperÌ?uÌ?v kaÌ?men, to znamenaÌ?, zÌ?e tento kaÌ?men by mohl v prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?m tahu vstoupit na kraÌ?lovo pole. O kamenech ohrozÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ?ch souperÌ?ova kraÌ?le rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?me, zÌ?e mu daÌ?vajiÌ? sÌ?ach.
+
+Jeho souperÌ? vstupuje do hry s kouliÌ? oznacÌ?enou tecÌ?kou. KazÌ?dyÌ? z obou hraÌ?cÌ?uÌ? musiÌ? hraÌ?t stejnou kouliÌ? po celou dobu zaÌ?pasu. Koule pro pocÌ?aÌ?tecÌ?niÌ? karambol se rozmiÌ?stiÌ? takto: 1. cÌ?ervenaÌ? kole na horniÌ? tecÌ?ku 2. biÌ?laÌ? koule s tecÌ?kou na dolniÌ? tecÌ?ku
+
+SnazÌ?iÌ? se tiÌ?m hesloviteÌ? - v naÌ?vaznosti na pozitivniÌ? povaÌ?lecÌ?nou zaÌ?padoneÌ?meckou zkusÌ?enost - sveÌ?tu sdeÌ?lit, o co u naÌ?s jde a jak proces obnovy zdraveÌ?ho hospodaÌ?rÌ?stviÌ? pokracÌ?uje.
+
+NiagarskyÌ? poloostrov tvorÌ?iÌ? pruh zemeÌ? mezi ErijskyÌ?m a OntarijskyÌ?m jezerem. VelkaÌ? jezera zmiÌ?rnÌ?ujiÌ? podnebiÌ? teÌ?to oblasti. Poloostrov maÌ? uÌ?rodnou puÌ?du na ktereÌ? se darÌ?iÌ? ovocnyÌ?m stromuÌ?m (naprÌ?. broskvoniÌ?m, trÌ?esÌ?niÌ?m, jabloniÌ?m) a vinneÌ? reÌ?veÌ?. Viz Jablko TrÌ?esÌ?enÌ? Broskev NAÌ?MORÌ?NIÌ? CESTA SV. VAVRÌ?INCE
+
+25 gramuÌ? sezamoveÌ? mouky (pokud chcete) dveÌ? lzÌ?icÌ?ky korÌ?eniÌ? na pecÌ?eniÌ? (pokud chcete) VsÌ?echny slozÌ?ky duÌ?kladneÌ? promiÌ?chejte. Z teÌ?sta vykraÌ?jejte lzÌ?icÌ?kou suchary na polozÌ?te je na lehce pomazanyÌ? plech. PecÌ?te asi patnaÌ?ct minut v troubeÌ? tepleÌ? 160 stupnÌ?uÌ? Celsia.
+
+pocÌ?et porciÌ? jedna porce 3 - 5 let dveÌ? a viÌ?c 25 - 75 g masa 6 - 10 let dveÌ? a viÌ?c 50 - 125 g masa 11 - 18 let dveÌ? a viÌ?c 75 - 125 g masa, ryby nebo druÌ?bezÌ?e MleÌ?ko a mleÌ?cÌ?neÌ? vyÌ?robky
+
+rÌ?asy morÌ?skeÌ? 29 rÌ?edkev biÌ?laÌ? viz mooli rÌ?epa, cÌ?ervenaÌ? s pomerancÌ?ovou omaÌ?cÌ?kou 120, 121 rÌ?ezy s ovesnyÌ?mi vlocÌ?kami 165, 166 S salaÌ?ty teplyÌ? zelenyÌ? 130 sardinky 36 savyÌ? papiÌ?r 187, 187, 196, 197, 197, 213 semiÌ?nka 27
+
+KALORIE/JOULY na osobu SladkokyseleÌ? veprÌ?oveÌ? maso: asi 660 kcal/2770 kJ RyÌ?zÌ?e: asi 220 kcal/920 kJ PRÌ?IÌ?PRAVA SladkokyseleÌ? veprÌ?oveÌ? maso: 1. StrouzÌ?ek cÌ?esneku nakraÌ?jiÌ?me na kosticÌ?ky nebo utrÌ?eme. 2.
+
+2. ZAÌ?KLADNIÌ? TEÌ?STO 300 g hladkeÌ? psÌ?enicÌ?neÌ? mouky, 3 vejce, 3 lzÌ?iÌ?ce olivoveÌ?ho oleje, 1/2 lzÌ?icÌ?ky soli Mouku prosijeme na vaÌ?l, udeÌ?laÌ?me duÌ?lek, rozklepneme do neÌ?j vajiÌ?cÌ?ka, prÌ?idaÌ?me olej a suÌ?l, zamiÌ?chaÌ?me a ze stran postupneÌ? prÌ?ihrnujeme mouku.
+
+Vedle toho existuje pro zpeÌ?tneÌ? vzpomiÌ?nky celaÌ? rÌ?ada (para) psychologickyÌ?ch vysveÌ?tleniÌ?. ObjektivniÌ? duÌ?kazy kazÌ?dopaÌ?dneÌ? chybeÌ?jiÌ?: rozlusÌ?teÌ?niÌ? neÌ?jakeÌ?ho neprÌ?elozÌ?itelneÌ?ho staroveÌ?keÌ?ho jazyka nebo objeveniÌ? neÌ?jakeÌ?ho neznaÌ?meÌ?ho archeologickeÌ?ho nalezisÌ?teÌ? prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m informaciÌ? z neÌ?jakeÌ?ho minuleÌ?ho zÌ?ivota neexistuje. Na druheÌ? straneÌ? ale prÌ?iÌ?rodoveÌ?deckeÌ? vyvraÌ?ceniÌ? reinkarnace neniÌ? teÌ?zÌ? mozÌ?neÌ?.
+
+Laser produkuje koherentniÌ? sveÌ?tlo, cozÌ? znamenaÌ?, zÌ?e vlnoveÌ? deÌ?lky laseroveÌ?ho sveÌ?tla jsou identickeÌ? a kromeÌ? toho jsou vsÌ?echny ve faÌ?zi - vrcholy a doly vsÌ?ech vln se vzaÌ?jemneÌ? shodujiÌ?. InterferencÌ?niÌ? obrazy ObvyklyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem vyÌ?roby hologramuÌ? je rozsÌ?teÌ?pit sveÌ?tlo z laseroveÌ?ho zdroje na dva svazky.
+
+Je dravaÌ?, dospeÌ?liÌ? jedinci se zÌ?iviÌ? bezobratlyÌ?mi zÌ?ivocÌ?ichy, drobnyÌ?mi rybami a rybiÌ?m pluÌ?dkem. V zajetiÌ? potrÌ?ebuje prostornou naÌ?drzÌ?, po okrajiÌ?ch zarostlou vodniÌ?mi rostlinami. Tetra konzÌ?skaÌ? '69' Phenacogrammus interruptus RÌ?AÌ?D: MAÌ?LOOSTNIÌ? Cypriniformes
+
+Pan Oliva: SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ?, ano, mohou pozÌ?aÌ?dat vsÌ?echny subjekty, ktereÌ? existujiÌ? v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice. Jsou ruÌ?zneÌ? metody financovaÌ?niÌ? ruÌ?znyÌ?ch subjektuÌ?. To nemusiÌ? byÌ?t jenom prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?naÌ? kapitola v raÌ?mci ministerstva kultury.
+
+L. MuÌ?hlstein - tel. cÌ?. 452406. RÌ?editel TextilniÌ?ho muzea p. PhDr. V. HavliÌ?k - tel. cÌ?. 452933. UpozorneÌ?niÌ? VaÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? spoluobcÌ?aneÌ?, beÌ?hem tyÌ?dne od 1.4. do 5.4. 1997 probeÌ?hne v nasÌ?em meÌ?steÌ? jarniÌ? uÌ?klid.
+
+"NeÌ?jakej silnej chlast!" HospodskyÌ? mu nalije... "To je silnej chlast? VzÌ?dytÌ? je to samaÌ? voda," rÌ?ekne kovboj a pitiÌ? chrstne na zem. Hospodskej vezme 100 % sÌ?piritus a nalije kovbojovi.
+
+"JesÌ?teÌ? jednou do meÌ? tuhle prokletou veÌ?c zaraziÌ?sÌ? a jaÌ? ti ji vyrvu a nacpu do prdele!" ViÌ?te, jakyÌ? je rozdiÌ?l mezi zÌ?enskyÌ?m mysÌ?leniÌ?m a Windows 95? Windows majiÌ? hloupost implementovanou digitaÌ?lneÌ?.
+
+MaÌ?m reproduktor implantovaÌ?n v usÌ?niÌ?m boltci a mikrofon v tomhle umeÌ?leÌ?m zubu. NeniÌ? to super vynaÌ?lez? "JednaÌ?niÌ? zase pokracÌ?uje. Po paÌ?r minutaÌ?ch se Jerry sÌ?iÌ?leneÌ? hlasiteÌ? uprdne. OstatniÌ? na neÌ?j vyvaliÌ? neveÌ?rÌ?iÌ?cneÌ? ocÌ?i a on rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?:" NemaÌ?te neÌ?kdo kus papiÌ?ru?
+
+AtÌ? jsou hned zpaÌ?tky! "NaskocÌ?iÌ? policajt do tramvaje a zarÌ?ve:" Sledujte ten taxiÌ?k!!! "Policajt prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? k zlodeÌ?juÌ?m, co se praÌ?veÌ? vloupaÌ?vajiÌ? do garaÌ?zÌ?e:" JmeÌ?nem zaÌ?kona, vzdejte se! "OdchaÌ?ziÌ? prycÌ?:" Hmmmmm...
+
+MCA (Decca).
+
+Proto je kolem problematiky AIDS tolik polopravd, myÌ?tuÌ? a strachu. TakoveÌ? prostrÌ?ediÌ? rozsÌ?irÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? choroby jenom napomaÌ?haÌ?. AIDS JE PROBLEÌ?M. ProbleÌ?my se musiÌ? rÌ?esÌ?it, majiÌ?-li byÌ?t vyrÌ?esÌ?eny. Mluvit o probleÌ?mu je prvniÌ?m krokem k rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?. STOP AIDS
+
+1) zvukovou straÌ?nku slova 2) zvukovou straÌ?nku veÌ?ty 3) vyÌ?slovnost ZvukovaÌ? straÌ?nka slova Slovo se sklaÌ?daÌ? z hlaÌ?sek (zvuk, pro kteryÌ? je v abecedeÌ? znak) a piÌ?smen.
+
+Jaroslav HasÌ?ek - sveÌ?toveÌ? proslulyÌ? - pochaÌ?zel ze serioÌ?zniÌ? rodiny, duÌ?slednaÌ? vyÌ?chova, ale brzy rozpory, odesÌ?el z gymnaÌ?zia, s obtiÌ?zÌ?emi ukoncÌ?il obchodniÌ? akademii, stal se uÌ?rÌ?edniÌ?kem, veden k asketickeÌ?mu zÌ?ivotu, ale maÌ? jinou povahu, zacÌ?al se toulat po EvropeÌ?
+
+Amundsen to prÌ?irovnal k pocÌ?iÌ?naÌ?niÌ? fotbaloveÌ?ho hraÌ?cÌ?e, kteryÌ? praÌ?veÌ? vsiÌ?til goÌ?l. Jak si jeho chovaÌ?niÌ? vysveÌ?tli? Cimrman dospeÌ?l k zaÌ?veÌ?ru, zÌ?e sneÌ?zÌ?nyÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?k nevidiÌ? v polaÌ?rniÌ?ciÌ?ch neprÌ?aÌ?tele, ale tvory, kterÌ?iÌ? mu prÌ?inesou zÌ?raÌ?dlo a zmrznou. Cimrman a historie
+
+Asi znaÌ? pan poslanec zcela jineÌ? starosty. VsÌ?eobecneÌ? platiÌ?, zÌ?e starostuÌ?m je to v podstateÌ? jedno. Ve skutecÌ?nosti bude pro neÌ? kazÌ?dyÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad zhorsÌ?eniÌ?m, protozÌ?e budou muset jezdit na okres, na kraj a jesÌ?teÌ? do Prahy.
+
+ProtozÌ?e jsou tyto vyÌ?robky na nasÌ?em trhu pomeÌ?rneÌ? noveÌ?, velmi rychle si ziÌ?skaly dobreÌ? postaveniÌ?. OdkliÌ?zeniÌ? sneÌ?hu je fyzicky a cÌ?asoveÌ? velmi naÌ?rocÌ?naÌ? praÌ?ce, kterou je ale mozÌ?no pouzÌ?itiÌ?m vyÌ?konneÌ? freÌ?zy vyÌ?razneÌ? zjednodusÌ?it.
+
+KdyzÌ? byla vzata do nebe, nezanechala sveÌ?ho spasitelneÌ?ho uÌ?kolu, ale svyÌ?mi mnohyÌ?mi prÌ?iÌ?mluvami naÌ?m i nadaÌ?le ziÌ?skaÌ?vaÌ? dary pro veÌ?cÌ?nou spaÌ?su.
+
+SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ? zÌ?e pojedou po rÌ?ece. ZÌ?e je trochu divocÌ?ejsÌ?iÌ?, to prÌ?ece nevadiÌ?. KdyzÌ? to prÌ?ezÌ?ijiÌ?, alesponÌ? budou miÌ?t na co vzpomiÌ?nat. A plavba po rozbourÌ?eneÌ? rÌ?ece je skutecÌ?neÌ? nevsÌ?edniÌ? zaÌ?zÌ?itek. Hned ziÌ?tra zacÌ?nou se stavbou voru. StaryÌ? Alfonz meÌ?l vsÌ?ak jinyÌ? naÌ?zor.
+
+Pro ODS je takovou investiciÌ? zavedeniÌ? viÌ?ceslozÌ?kovyÌ?ch systeÌ?muÌ? penzijniÌ?ho a zdravotniÌ?ho pojisÌ?teÌ?niÌ?, v nichzÌ? bude individuaÌ?lniÌ? slozÌ?ka prvotniÌ? a solidaÌ?rniÌ? slozÌ?ka druhotnaÌ? - ne opacÌ?neÌ?, jak je tomu dnes. ODS je prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?ena, zÌ?e jednotlivec je schopen prÌ?evziÌ?t vyÌ?znamnou cÌ?aÌ?st sveÌ? zodpoveÌ?dnosti za svou budoucnost.
+
+Je jich dost. TrÌ?eba vyÌ?roba nabiÌ?jecÌ?ky. Do jeskyniÌ?! 20. 1. 1996 RaÌ?no vstanu, jedu na naÌ?drazÌ?iÌ?, tam se setkaÌ?vaÌ?m s puÌ?lkou bandy zvaneÌ? Neskenon a spolecÌ?neÌ? se vlaÌ?cÌ?kem nechaÌ?me veÌ?st do KamennyÌ?ch ZÌ?ehrovic za Kladnem.
+
+MaÌ?me smecÌ?ku 3 neÌ?meckyÌ?ch ovcÌ?aÌ?kuÌ?, Tibetskou dogu a dva maleÌ? psiÌ? nalezence... Mne takeÌ? prÌ?ekvapovalo, jak se staraly o svoje odeÌ?vy, jednou se Ola na vychaÌ?zce se psy najednou strasÌ?neÌ? rozvzlykala.
+
+ProsteÌ? perfektniÌ? zacÌ?aÌ?tek taÌ?bora. A k tomu neustaÌ?leÌ? prÌ?ehaÌ?nÌ?ky strÌ?iÌ?daneÌ? prudkyÌ?mi lijaÌ?ky.
+
+Z toho budesÌ? vychaÌ?zet prÌ?i malovaÌ?niÌ? sÌ?ablony, podle ktereÌ? budesÌ? obkreslovat obrysy jednotlivyÌ?ch cÌ?laÌ?nkuÌ?. Na malovaÌ?niÌ? sÌ?ablony si vezmi papiÌ?r prÌ?ehnutyÌ? na polovinu a od prÌ?ehnuteÌ? hrany nakresli puÌ?l cÌ?laÌ?nku (obr. 1). Pak toto vystrÌ?ihni a papiÌ?r prÌ?elozÌ?. ZiÌ?skal jsi soumeÌ?rnyÌ? cÌ?laÌ?nek.
+
+Poledne se uzÌ? prÌ?ekulilo, kdyzÌ? jsme dorazili k miÌ?stu, ktereÌ? se jmenovalo NovyÌ? Brunst. Byl to osameÌ?lyÌ? statek u potoka v sÌ?irokeÌ?m okoliÌ?. Kolem neÌ?j byly rasÌ?elinisÌ?teÌ? a mocÌ?aÌ?ly, sem tam staÌ?la brÌ?iÌ?za nebo skupinka smrkuÌ?. Po okrajiÌ?ch uÌ?doliÌ? byl prales.
+
+ViÌ? se, zÌ?e je to mateÌ?rie, kteraÌ? se daÌ? datovat a urcÌ?it, ale to je vsÌ?echno jen prostrÌ?edek neÌ?jakeÌ?ho vyÌ?razu. V budovaÌ?ch cÌ?i souborech je ulozÌ?eno i neÌ?jakeÌ? sdeÌ?leniÌ?, poselstviÌ?, ktereÌ? mozÌ?naÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? neumiÌ?me prÌ?ecÌ?iÌ?st.
+
+CÌ?eskeÌ? art deco - 1918 - 1938. PorÌ?aÌ?daÌ? ObecniÌ? duÌ?m a UmeÌ?leckopruÌ?mysloveÌ? muzeum v Praze. Autorka vyÌ?stavy Jana HornekovaÌ?, architektonickeÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? JindrÌ?ich Smetana a TomaÌ?sÌ? KuliÌ?k. ObecniÌ? duÌ?m, naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ? Republiky, Praha 1. Do 4. 10.
+
+MysliÌ?m tiÌ?m, zÌ?e je nemozÌ?neÌ?, abych se doopravdy ocitla v jejich uliciÌ?ch, naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ?ch, cestaÌ?ch, zdech, mostech, veÌ?zÌ?iÌ?ch, katedraÌ?laÌ?ch, fasaÌ?daÌ?ch, dvorciÌ?ch, naÌ?brÌ?ezÌ?iÌ?ch, rÌ?ekaÌ?ch a oceaÌ?nech. Jsou jesÌ?teÌ? dobrÌ?e strÌ?ezÌ?eny.
+
+Jsou uvedeny prÌ?iÌ?klady neÌ?kolika realizaciÌ? z ruÌ?znyÌ?ch prostrÌ?ediÌ?. BAUMEISTER, 1997, cÌ?. 6 TeÌ?matem cÌ?ervnoveÌ?ho cÌ?iÌ?sla je renesance rodinnyÌ?ch domuÌ? zrcadliÌ?ciÌ? obnoveniÌ? rodinnyÌ?ch vztahuÌ? a rodinneÌ?ho zÌ?ivota. DuÌ?m maÌ? vypoviÌ?dat o obyvateliÌ?ch a tvorÌ?it s nimi jednotu jak formou tak obsahem.
+
+(samostatnyÌ? cÌ?laÌ?nek) OceneÌ?neÌ? strÌ?echy, plaÌ?sÌ?teÌ?, izolace
+
+HOVORÌ?IÌ?ME SE SIMEONOU HOSÌ?KOVOU, UMEÌ?LECKOU RÌ?EDITELKOU STRÌ?EDOEVROPSKEÌ? GALERIE Pod zaÌ?sÌ?titou ministerstev zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? a kultury CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky a hlavniÌ?ho meÌ?sta Prahy se pocÌ?aÌ?tkem lonÌ?skeÌ?ho podzimu v prestizÌ?niÌ?ch vyÌ?stavniÌ?ch prostoraÌ?ch StaromeÌ?stskeÌ? radnice a LetniÌ?ho refektaÌ?rÌ?e StrahovskeÌ?ho klaÌ?sÌ?tera v Praze konalo DruheÌ? mezinaÌ?rodniÌ? trienaÌ?le grafiky Praha ´98 ".
+
+BaÌ?sniÌ?k se odhodlaÌ? k halasovskeÌ?mu zakliÌ?naÌ?niÌ? (Zatmy, zatmy, zatmy), ale v teÌ?zÌ?e baÌ?sni naÌ?s ne prÌ?iÌ?jemneÌ? zaskocÌ?iÌ? vymysÌ?lenyÌ? versÌ? (TvaÌ?rÌ? uprostrÌ?ed jancÌ?iÌ?).
+
+OddiÌ?ly prvniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti, zpracovaneÌ? ruÌ?znyÌ?mi autory (Just, PoÌ?merl, SÌ?ormovaÌ?, HorÌ?iÌ?nek) v noveÌ?m periodickeÌ?m cÌ?leneÌ?niÌ? mapujiÌ? uplynulyÌ?ch cÌ?tyrÌ?iacÌ?tyrÌ?icet let: od prÌ?echodneÌ? etapy povaÌ?lecÌ?neÌ?, prÌ?es obdobiÌ? hlubokeÌ? zaÌ?vislosti divadla na politice vlaÌ?dnouciÌ? strany, azÌ? po uvolneÌ?niÌ? let sÌ?edesaÌ?tyÌ?ch.
+
+NovyÌ? titul Aerosmith vychaÌ?ziÌ? 10. brÌ?ezna pod naÌ?zvem Nine Lives. Jeho vydavatel - firma Columbia/Sony Music - slibuje "nejlepsÌ?iÌ? album" z dvanaÌ?cti studiovyÌ?ch, kteraÌ? sveÌ?tem protrÌ?eliÌ? Aerosmith doposud natocÌ?ili. Columbii smlouva s kapelou staÌ?la uÌ?dajneÌ? padesaÌ?t milionuÌ? dolaruÌ?.
+
+PestrobarevnaÌ? originaÌ?lniÌ? vyÌ?prava Jana Toboly, doplneÌ?naÌ? hudbou skladatele a vedouciÌ?ho skupiny Krless Josefa VondraÌ?cÌ?ka, dodaÌ?vaÌ? biblickyÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?beÌ?huÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?dech pohaÌ?dkovosti a tajemna. ZaÌ?rovenÌ? jim ale neubiÌ?raÌ? na autenticÌ?nosti a veselosti, na cÌ?emzÌ? se sveÌ?domiteÌ? podiÌ?lejiÌ? vsÌ?ichni uÌ?cÌ?inkujiÌ?ciÌ?. V MladeÌ? Boleslavi se strhl divadelniÌ? Poprask
+
+Recenze
+
+Fotograf Petr Zinke (1966) se jizÌ? jako student uÌ?cÌ?astnil rÌ?ady skupinovyÌ?ch domaÌ?ciÌ?ch i zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch vyÌ?stav. NyniÌ? se prÌ?edstavuje poprveÌ? samostatneÌ? v prazÌ?skeÌ? Galerii Velryba.
+
+To, zÌ?e ani africkyÌ?m nomaÌ?duÌ?m se nepodarÌ?ilo prÌ?ekonat dojem, kteryÌ? zanechal romskyÌ? big band, jen dokazuje, zÌ?e etnickou hudbu lze v nefalsÌ?ovaneÌ? podobeÌ? naleÌ?zt za vlastniÌ?m prahem. O padaÌ?niÌ?
+
+Mimochodem KdyzÌ? kdosi uveÌ?zniÌ? kraj, slysÌ?iÌ?me sykot meteorituÌ?.
+
+AntoniÌ?n JeliÌ?nek: Pro uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?ky z vyÌ?chodniÌ?ch zemiÌ? prÌ?ipravujeme takeÌ? ve spolupraÌ?ci s nakladateli rÌ?adu materiaÌ?luÌ? a knih, jezÌ? mohou pomoci jejich odborneÌ? praÌ?ci. K seminaÌ?rÌ?i se pojiÌ? rovneÌ?zÌ? cena Premia Bohemica, udeÌ?lovanaÌ? nejlepsÌ?iÌ?mu bohemistovi CÌ?eskyÌ?m literaÌ?rniÌ?m fondem na naÌ?vrh Rady Obce cÌ?eskyÌ?ch spisovateluÌ?.
+
+KNOFLIÌ?KAÌ?RÌ?I O daÌ?vneÌ?m prokletiÌ?, lidskeÌ? neveÌ?rÌ?e, podivnyÌ?ch uÌ?chylkaÌ?ch, necÌ?ekaneÌ?m zaÌ?zraku i pokryteckeÌ?m odpusÌ?teÌ?niÌ? SÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? z Kokury. 1945. Nad japonskou Kokurou zurÌ?iÌ? silnyÌ? lijaÌ?k a miÌ?stniÌ? obyvateleÌ? se ucÌ?iÌ? peprneÌ? aglickeÌ? nadaÌ?vky, zatiÌ?mco k meÌ?stu se bliÌ?zÌ?iÌ? americkyÌ? bombardeÌ?r. TaxikaÌ?rÌ?. 1995.
+
+Joe porÌ?izuje nahraÌ?vky magnetofonem, ukrytyÌ?m v boteÌ?. - Sonny Black si ze sveÌ? noveÌ? pozice brutaÌ?lneÌ? vyrÌ?izuje uÌ?cÌ?ty s protivniÌ?ky. - SpokojeniÌ? nadrÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? z FBI hodlajiÌ? vyuzÌ?iÌ?t vsÌ?echny mozÌ?nosti, jezÌ? Joeova slibnaÌ? mise prÌ?inese.
+
+- - - Cena FIPRESCI: Dakvorst (CÌ?loveÌ?k na strÌ?esÌ?e), r. Mathijs Geijskes, Nizozemsko. - Cena FICC Don Quijote: Phil Mulloy za film Wind of Changes (ViÌ?tr zmeÌ?n).
+
+Mluveno: anglicky. CÌ?eskeÌ? titulky. - NeurotickyÌ? spisovatel se snazÌ?iÌ? rÌ?esÌ?it svoje probleÌ?my, zaÌ?brany, posedlost sexem a pochopit lidi kolem sebe... Ve filmu Pozor na Harryho!
+
+pouzÌ?ita hudba Milana Steigerwalda. StrÌ?ih: Jan Mattlach. Zvuk: ZbyneÌ?k MikuliÌ?k. OdbornaÌ? spolupraÌ?ce: MUDr. Marcela NeÌ?mcovaÌ?.
+
+PolicejniÌ? sÌ?eÌ?f na muzÌ?e zavolaÌ? jeho pravyÌ?m jmeÌ?nem. MladiÌ?k se partnerce prÌ?iznaÌ?, zÌ?e je ve skutecÌ?nosti Vincent. Pak se s pohnutou zÌ?enou milujiÌ? v jejiÌ?m domeÌ? na morÌ?skeÌ?m pobrÌ?ezÌ?iÌ?. - S pomociÌ? vzorkuÌ? z restaurace odhaliÌ? Hugo dvojiÌ? identitu Vincenta/Jeroma.
+
+Mluveno: anglicky. CÌ?eskeÌ? titulky. - Pro peniÌ?ze jsou prÌ?ipraveni i zabiÌ?jet. V hlavniÌ? roli Robert De Niro. ZnaÌ?myÌ? americkyÌ? rezÌ?iseÌ?r John Frankenheimer natocÌ?il ve Francii prÌ?ed lety Francouzskou spojku - DopadeniÌ? (1975, FP 18/77).
+
+KazÌ?daÌ? entita se prÌ?eklaÌ?daÌ? zvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ?, cÌ?ili prÌ?i zmeÌ?neÌ? rozsaÌ?hleÌ?ho zdrojoveÌ?ho koÌ?du neniÌ? potrÌ?eba znovu prÌ?eklaÌ?dat celou aplikaci, ale jen zmeÌ?neÌ?neÌ? entity. Modul je objektem vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? uÌ?rovneÌ?, jednaÌ? se veÌ?tsÌ?inou o neÌ?kolik entit, ktereÌ? spolu souvisejiÌ?, naprÌ?iÌ?klad definice trÌ?iÌ?dy a jejich metod.
+
+Jednotka maÌ? rozhraniÌ? Enhanced - IDE a prÌ?iÌ?kazovou sadu ATAPI. JejiÌ? vyrovnaÌ?vaciÌ? pameÌ?tÌ? je 2 MB a prÌ?iÌ?stupovaÌ? doba 250 ms. VklaÌ?daÌ?niÌ? diskuÌ? je na klasickyÌ? podavacÌ?. AudiovyÌ?stup mechaniky maÌ? frekvencÌ?niÌ? rozsah 20 azÌ? 20000 Hz. Cena zatiÌ?m nebyla stanovena. Kompatibilita a trvanlivost zaÌ?znamu
+
+Pravda stacÌ?iÌ? si tam zavolat a urcÌ?iteÌ? informace v tomto smyslu lze dostat, ale to neniÌ? to praveÌ?. TOPIN proto nabiÌ?ziÌ? mozÌ?nost informovat lidi v teÌ? ktereÌ? oblasti prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m nainstalovanyÌ?ch kamer.
+
+http://www.ncwordlmag.com NC World je cÌ?asopis existujiÌ?ciÌ? pouze ve sveÌ? elektronickeÌ? verzi. Jak uzÌ? naÌ?zev napoviÌ?daÌ?, zabyÌ?vaÌ? se prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m siÌ?tÌ?ovyÌ?mi pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?i, obsahuje pruÌ?vodce problematikou i odkazy na dalsÌ?iÌ? internetoveÌ? zdroje. http://www.nurea.com
+
+Naprosto stejneÌ? pracujiÌ? i graficÌ?tiÌ? klienti pro FTP. V jednom okneÌ? je obraz adresaÌ?rÌ?uÌ? lokaÌ?lniÌ?ho disku, ve druheÌ?m se zobrazuje vzdaÌ?lenyÌ? server. Mezi obeÌ?ma okny obvykle funguje prÌ?enos souboruÌ? pomociÌ? drag and drop.
+
+A praÌ?veÌ? proto jsou mnohdy, ke sÌ?kodeÌ? samotnyÌ?ch uzÌ?ivateluÌ?, opomiÌ?jena. DobryÌ? rezÌ?im zaÌ?lohovaÌ?niÌ? je jaÌ?drem preventivniÌ?ch opatrÌ?eniÌ? v boji proti pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?ovyÌ?m viruÌ?m. UstanoveniÌ? vhodneÌ?ho rezÌ?imu zaÌ?lohovaÌ?niÌ? bude samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? individuaÌ?lniÌ? a nelze tedy navrhnout obecneÌ?, pro vsÌ?echny platneÌ? scheÌ?ma.
+
+RozmeÌ?rneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? skrÌ?iÌ?nÌ? typu miditower je vybavena napaÌ?jeciÌ?m zdrojem o vyÌ?konu 200 W a jejiÌ? konstrukcÌ?niÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? podobneÌ? jako u prvniÌ?ch dvou popisovanyÌ?ch uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ? nabiÌ?ziÌ? celkem trojici 5.25 "a dvojici 3.5" externiÌ?ch pozic pro mechaniky.
+
+OperacÌ?niÌ? pameÌ?tÌ?, kteraÌ? byla v pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?i nainstalovaÌ?na ve dvou 72pinovyÌ?ch SIMM slotech, meÌ?la kapacitu 16 MB EDO RAM.
+
+UpozornÌ?ujeme pouze na to, zÌ?e programy charakteru shareware maÌ?te jen na vyzkousÌ?eniÌ?. Chcete-li je uzÌ?iÌ?vat trvale, musiÌ?te zaplatit poplatek tvuÌ?rci programu. Kontakty najdete u jednotlivyÌ?ch programuÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?inou v souborech typu "read me".
+
+I rozhodl jsem se poslat poniÌ?zÌ?enou zÌ?aÌ?dost jisteÌ? velkeÌ? firmeÌ?, aby mi telefon zavedla. Firma byla velkorysaÌ?. ZakraÌ?tko mi odpoveÌ?deÌ?la, zÌ?e moji zÌ?aÌ?dost eviduje. UzÌ? po neceleÌ?m roce jsem dostal dalsÌ?iÌ? velmi zdvorÌ?ilyÌ? dopis.
+
+V kontrole nad infrastrukturou Internetu pak OMG CORBA - II OP, Microsoft DCOM, SUN JAVA s Dynamic WebCentric Architecture a Oracle NCA. V dnesÌ?niÌ? dobeÌ? pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? Internet po celeÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ? na 60 milionuÌ? lidiÌ?, v roce 2000 jich maÌ? byÌ?t na puÌ?l miliardy.
+
+ZacÌ?aÌ?tecÌ?niÌ?kuÌ?m i zkusÌ?enyÌ?m uzÌ?ivateluÌ?m IRC se proto muÌ?zÌ?e hodit naÌ?sÌ? dnesÌ?niÌ? softwarovyÌ? tip. Je jiÌ?m grafickyÌ? klient pro sluzÌ?bu IRC populaÌ?rniÌ? program mIRC. NeniÌ? to jedinyÌ? okenniÌ? klient pro IRC, ale mezi svyÌ?mi kolegy vynikaÌ? snadnyÌ?m ovlaÌ?daÌ?niÌ?m a podporou opravdu vsÌ?ech rysuÌ? IRC.
+
+Na rozdiÌ?l od sluzÌ?by Internet Mailu muÌ?zÌ?e celkem logicky na jedineÌ?m serveru existovat veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? pocÌ?et News konektoruÌ?. PrÌ?i jejich inicializaci je uzÌ?ivatel dotaÌ?zaÌ?n na symbolickyÌ? naÌ?zev News siÌ?teÌ?, jmeÌ?no cÌ?i adresu serveru, kam se maÌ? sluzÌ?ba prÌ?ipojit a zpuÌ?sob prÌ?ipojeniÌ? (LAN, modem).
+
+DraÌ?tÌ?aÌ?k praÌ?veÌ? vytruboval dalsÌ?iÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? baliÌ?cÌ?ek a utahovaÌ?niÌ? opaskuÌ? zacÌ?alo i pro biÌ?leÌ? liÌ?mecÌ?ky v Small Office. NechteÌ?l jsem se vzdaÌ?t a hlavou mi bleskl sÌ?iÌ?lenyÌ? naÌ?pad.
+
+nemeÌ?li prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? prÌ?edvaÌ?deÌ?t a pouzÌ?iÌ?vat na nasÌ?ich WWW straÌ?nkaÌ?ch moÌ?dniÌ?ch a efektniÌ?ch trikuÌ?. LiÌ?biÌ? se mi autoruÌ?v velmi skeptickyÌ? vztah k raÌ?muÌ?m a straÌ?nkaÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? zÌ?ivyÌ?m, plnyÌ?ch skaÌ?kajiÌ?ciÌ?ch animaciÌ?. V dalsÌ?iÌ? kapitole se uzÌ? setkaÌ?me s trochou HTML.
+
+AcÌ?koli byla finaÌ?lniÌ? podoba programu vytvorÌ?ena jizÌ? prÌ?ed drahnyÌ?m cÌ?asem, neniÌ? na nasÌ?em trhu zatiÌ?m zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? srovnatelnyÌ? produkt. CD - ROM "TichaÌ? dohoda: fucktography" je svyÌ?m obsahem unikaÌ?tniÌ? v neÌ?kolika smeÌ?rech.
+
+HorkaÌ? linka: UmiÌ?te RÌ?IÌ?DIT AUTO? ZaÌ?kazniÌ?k: ViÌ?te, uprÌ?iÌ?mneÌ? rÌ?ecÌ?eno, jaÌ? nejsem moc technickyÌ? typ. Chci se jenom autem dostat z miÌ?sta na miÌ?sto! Zdroj: http://data.club.cc.cmu.edu/-tina/humor
+
+<HEAD><TITLE>PrÌ?ehled rubrik</TITLE><BASE TARGET="Rubrika"></HEAD><BODY>OOO aneb "Obsah ObcÌ?anskeÌ?ho obcÌ?asniÌ?ku":
+
+RusÌ?iÌ? tiÌ?m vzdaÌ?lenosti a zpuÌ?sobuje, zÌ?e zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? byÌ?t jedno, kde majiÌ? ve sveÌ?teÌ? podniky umiÌ?steÌ?ny zaÌ?vody. Tak se pruÌ?mysl steÌ?huje tam, kde je vyÌ?roba celosveÌ?toveÌ? nejefektivneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? a nejlevneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?. Dnes je zejmeÌ?na v anglosaskeÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ? beÌ?zÌ?neÌ?, zÌ?e majiÌ? firmy pobocÌ?ky v mnoha zemiÌ?ch sveÌ?ta.
+
+SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ? nelze zapomenout na vyÌ?voj vlastniÌ?ho internetoveÌ?ho prohliÌ?zÌ?ecÌ?e, weboveÌ? televize nebo na vlastniÌ? on-line sluzÌ?by. 3. MCI WorldCom Tato spolecÌ?nost vznikla v minuleÌ?m roce fuÌ?ziÌ? spolecÌ?nostiÌ? MCI (zalozÌ?eneÌ? v roce 1963) a WorldCom (zalozÌ?eneÌ? v roce 1984) pod naÌ?zvem IDB.
+
+SmeÌ?rovaÌ?niÌ? je zalozÌ?eneÌ? na jedineÌ? bezrozmeÌ?roveÌ? metrice, obecneÌ? oznacÌ?ovaneÌ? cena, kteraÌ? odpoviÌ?daÌ? propustnosti spojuÌ?, naÌ?kladuÌ? na spoje apod. podle potrÌ?eb spraÌ?vce intersiÌ?teÌ?. Je mozÌ?neÌ? prÌ?irÌ?adit ruÌ?znou cenu rozhraniÌ?m sousedniÌ?ch smeÌ?rovacÌ?uÌ? prÌ?ipojenyÌ?ch k teÌ?zÌ?e siÌ?ti, takzÌ?e nemusiÌ? byÌ?t zvolena stejnaÌ? cesta v obou smeÌ?rech.
+
+MozÌ?nost zpracovaÌ?vat nejazykoveÌ? prvky (symboly, vzorce) v textech. MozÌ?nost naklaÌ?daÌ?niÌ? se zvukovyÌ?mi a obrazovyÌ?mi informacemi ; PrÌ?enositelnost zajisÌ?teÌ?naÌ? realizaciÌ? v jazyce C. UlozÌ?eniÌ? tvaroslovnyÌ?ch dat
+
+Byl to obraz lidiÌ? s budoucnostiÌ?. 4) Podvod, jiÌ?mzÌ? spolecÌ?neÌ? CET 21 privatizovala federaÌ?lniÌ? kanaÌ?l CÌ?ST. Projekt byl schvaÌ?len v jineÌ? formeÌ?, nezÌ? v jakeÌ? ho pak spolecÌ?nost realizovala. TV Nova by v teÌ? dobeÌ? nikdy nedostala v Parlamentu zelenou.
+
+UklaÌ?daÌ?niÌ? novyÌ?ch kabeluÌ? do zemeÌ? je velmi draheÌ?, spolecÌ?nost Aliatel proto pro daÌ?lkoveÌ? spoje zvolila naÌ?paditou alternativu: jizÌ? existujiÌ?ciÌ? trasy vedeniÌ? vysokeÌ?ho napeÌ?tiÌ?. OptickyÌ? kabel je prÌ?itom uvnitrÌ? tzv. zemniÌ?ciÌ?ho lana - to je ten "draÌ?t", kteryÌ? obvykle spojuje vrcholy stozÌ?aÌ?ruÌ?.
+
+Dost mozÌ?naÌ? je prÌ?edznamenaÌ?niÌ?m budouciÌ?ch cÌ?eskyÌ?ch trabluÌ? kolem zlatisteÌ?ho moku. CÌ?teÌ?te na straneÌ? 20 cÌ?iÌ?sla 4.
+
+cis0406s. t6 CÌ?iÌ?slo tyÌ?dne 101.4 % TakoveÌ? bylo pruÌ?meÌ?rneÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ? tempo ruÌ?stu spotrÌ?ebitelskyÌ?ch cen v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice v minuleÌ?m roce. Je to hodneÌ?, cÌ?i maÌ?lo?
+
+TermiÌ?n: 14.2. - 1.4. 1994. Kontakt: Kredo, s. r. o., MiliÌ?cÌ?ova 13, 130 00 Praha 3, tel. + FAX: (02) 627 9337, 271004.
+
+Praha 4, PalaÌ?c kultury: MAÌ?GRA 94 - 2. mezinaÌ?rodniÌ? veletrh geologie a geodeÌ?zie, kamenopruÌ?myslu a stavebniÌ?ho silikaÌ?toveÌ?ho pruÌ?myslu, 7. - 9. 31994.
+
+VstupujiÌ? do neznaÌ?myÌ?ch podmiÌ?nek a prÌ?itom nemajiÌ? dost informaciÌ?.
+
+Kontakt: Agentura Sediss, CÌ?eskaÌ? 3, 44001 Louny, tel.: (0395) 4277. SMS1118U. T6 Poznat saÌ?m sebe ZpeÌ?tnaÌ? vazba je nejen informace, ale i pomocniÌ?k
+
+tel: (02) 248103 31 FAX: (02) 231 78 16
+
+Tvrdohlavost slavila uÌ?speÌ?ch Prosadit na trhu novyÌ? vyÌ?robek znamenaÌ? rÌ?adu opatrÌ?eniÌ? V roce 1991 obesÌ?li VladimiÌ?r a Ivan TeÌ?thaloveÌ? neÌ?kolik staÌ?tniÌ?ch instituciÌ?.
+
+NeÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? dokonce takovou spolupraÌ?ci sami nabiÌ?zejiÌ?. VyÌ?hradneÌ? pro cÌ?eskeÌ? podnikatele pracuje moskevskaÌ? spolecÌ?nost M. OST. MuÌ?zÌ?eme sice cÌ?eskeÌ? firmy takeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?mo zastupovat, ale v tom nevidiÌ?me svuÌ?j ciÌ?l, rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Sergej Ostapov. VeÌ?rÌ?iÌ?me na prÌ?iÌ?mou spolupraÌ?ci podnikateluÌ?. K tomu jsou potrÌ?ebneÌ? informace.
+
+- Prokurista maleÌ? firmy - hospodaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ?, zÌ?ivnostenskeÌ? a obcÌ?anskeÌ? praÌ?vo, personaÌ?lniÌ? agenda v maleÌ? firmeÌ?, zaÌ?klady jednoducheÌ?ho i podvojneÌ?ho uÌ?cÌ?etnictviÌ?, technika administrativy. CÌ?tyrÌ?i soustrÌ?edeÌ?niÌ?. TermiÌ?n: 16. - 18.5., 1. -3.6 ., 13. -15.6
+
+NaÌ?sÌ? systeÌ?m pruÌ?beÌ?zÌ?neÌ?ho obchodovaÌ?niÌ? s promeÌ?nlivou cenou, kteryÌ? spustiÌ?me nejspiÌ?sÌ?e na prÌ?elomu uÌ?nora a brÌ?ezna, je nyniÌ? prakticky hotov, burzovniÌ? vyÌ?bor musiÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? rozhodnout, kteryÌ?ch emisiÌ? se bude tyÌ?kat. Kdy se docÌ?kaÌ?me zbrusu noveÌ?ho komplexniÌ?ho obchodniÌ?ho systeÌ?mu?
+
+Novela odstranÌ?uje rozpor mezi terminologiiÌ? obchodniÌ?ho zaÌ?koniÌ?ku a terminologiiÌ? pouzÌ?iÌ?vanou v uÌ?cÌ?etnictviÌ?.
+
+Doba splatnosti smeÌ?nek muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t jakaÌ?koliv, pokud je kratsÌ?iÌ? neÌ?zÌ? 1 rok. EmitovaÌ?ny budou na diskontniÌ? baÌ?zi v nominaÌ?lniÌ?ch hodnotaÌ?ch 5, 10, 20 a 50 milioÌ?nuÌ? KcÌ?.
+
+TRH DLUHOPISUÌ? CennyÌ? papiÌ?r s nejdelsÌ?iÌ? dobou splatnosti Po zpraÌ?veÌ? dne 29. 3. o trvajiÌ?ciÌ?ch silnyÌ?ch inflacÌ?niÌ?ch tlaciÌ?ch a po prudkeÌ?m ruÌ?stu vsÌ?ech mezibankovniÌ?ch uÌ?rokovyÌ?ch sazeb nastal postupnyÌ? pokles cen dluhopisuÌ? zejmeÌ?na u korporaciÌ?.
+
+2. sk. 3. sk. 3. 6. -2.29 -10.87 -1.72 -1.14 4. 6. -1.57 1.34 -2.44 - 5. 6. 0.33 2.78 0.09 - 6. 6. 0.85 0.48 1.32 -1.28 7. 6. 0.58 0.25 0.77 -
+
+KvalitniÌ? management StabilniÌ? ekonomickeÌ? vyÌ?sledky s ruÌ?stovyÌ?m trendem SlabeÌ? straÌ?nky ZastaraleÌ? provozy ZaÌ?vislost na zemeÌ?deÌ?lskeÌ? prvovyÌ?robeÌ? PrÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itosti Rozvoj produkce bionafty RuÌ?st spotrÌ?eby rostl. tukuÌ? RozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? exportu Realizace rozvojovyÌ?ch plaÌ?nuÌ? Hrozby Vstup zahranicÌ?niÌ? konkurence Nestabilita na trhu zaÌ?kl. suroviny FinancÌ?neÌ? naÌ?rocÌ?naÌ? investicÌ?niÌ? vyÌ?stavba Riziko ve schopnosti naplnit ambicioÌ?zniÌ? zaÌ?meÌ?ry
+
+Ta usilovala o dohodu s fondem ve svuÌ?j prospeÌ?ch a obvinila PGRLF, zÌ?e nedodrzÌ?el smluvenyÌ? postup. ZaÌ?stupci Domeany proto pozÌ?aÌ?dali o svolaÌ?niÌ? mimorÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? valneÌ? hromady.
+
+LN: Jak bude letos postupovat privatizace? PrÌ?aÌ?l bych si, aby vlaÌ?da a ministerstvo financiÌ? uvolnily privatizaci vsÌ?ech nestrategickyÌ?ch podnikuÌ? a umozÌ?nily, aby FNM prodal sveÌ? zbytkoveÌ? podiÌ?ly. Dosud totizÌ? drzÌ?iÌ?me v teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? 200 akciovyÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostech vyÌ?znamneÌ? podiÌ?ly, ktereÌ? jsou blokovaÌ?ny dalsÌ?iÌ?m rozhodnutiÌ?m staÌ?tu.
+
+ZemeÌ?deÌ?lstviÌ?: V prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? nedostatku je mozÌ?neÌ? zaveÌ?st bezcelniÌ? dovoz SÌ?kody zaprÌ?iÌ?cÌ?ineÌ?neÌ? povodneÌ?mi v zemeÌ?deÌ?lstviÌ? by na ceny potravin nemeÌ?ly miÌ?t vliv. Ministerstvo zemeÌ?deÌ?lstviÌ? nicmeÌ?neÌ? v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? nouze zvazÌ?uje bezcelniÌ? dovoz. SÌ?kody na uÌ?rodeÌ? zpuÌ?sobeneÌ? povodneÌ?mi podle Josefa Luxe neohroziÌ? zaÌ?sobovaÌ?niÌ? obyvatelstva potravinami.
+
+JesÌ?teÌ? jeden faktor hraje roli - prÌ?ipravovanaÌ? jednotnaÌ? meÌ?na zemiÌ? EU. DenniÌ? obrat obchodovaÌ?niÌ? s korunou prÌ?ed kveÌ?tnovyÌ?mi otrÌ?esy prÌ?esahoval peÌ?t miliard USD ve srovnaÌ?niÌ? s meÌ?neÌ? nezÌ? 500 miliony v polskyÌ?ch zlotyÌ?ch a 150 azÌ? 200 mil.
+
+RozpocÌ?et: 122 milionuÌ? sÌ?vyÌ?carskyÌ?ch frankuÌ? PocÌ?et zameÌ?stnancuÌ? uÌ?strÌ?ediÌ?: 500 GeneraÌ?lniÌ? rÌ?editel: Mike Moore (NovyÌ? ZeÌ?land) RÌ?iÌ?diÌ?ciÌ? orgaÌ?ny: nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? - MinisterskaÌ? konference (setkaÌ?vaÌ? se nejmeÌ?neÌ? jednou za dva roky) slozÌ?enaÌ? z ministruÌ? obchodu cÌ?lenskyÌ?ch zemiÌ? Pramen: WTO
+
+PrÌ?aÌ?telskeÌ? vztahy se tak utuzÌ?ujiÌ? a rodineÌ?, kteraÌ? svatbu porÌ?aÌ?daÌ?, ubude mnoho starostiÌ?. Velkou svatbu muÌ?zÌ?eme konat doma zpravidla jen v letniÌ?ch meÌ?siÌ?ciÌ?ch, prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m v rodinnyÌ?ch domciÌ?ch se zahradou, prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? krytou terasou. NejjednodusÌ?sÌ?iÌ? vsÌ?ak je i velkou svatbu porÌ?aÌ?dat v restauraci.
+
+NesnazÌ?iÌ?te se chaÌ?pat jeden druheÌ?ho. VyÌ?sledkem je pocit vzaÌ?jemneÌ? izolace. A prÌ?ece jsou otevrÌ?eneÌ? a uprÌ?iÌ?mneÌ? rozhovory o tom, cÌ?iÌ?m zÌ?ijete a - pozor - co zajiÌ?maÌ? partnera, hlubokou potrÌ?ebou vaÌ?s obou. Zkuste si se zaÌ?jmem poslechnout toho druheÌ?ho.
+
+MaliÌ? sÌ?punti miÌ?vajiÌ? sami zajiÌ?maveÌ? naÌ?pady, jen si nechte poradit! TrÌ?eba vaÌ?m dokaÌ?zÌ?ou to, zÌ?e na kole se daÌ? jezdit i z kuchyneÌ? do prÌ?edsiÌ?neÌ? a zpeÌ?t. PrÌ?ipravuje JITKA HRDLICÌ?KOVAÌ?
+
+Budete-li miÌ?t prÌ?iÌ?jmy do 1.5 naÌ?sobku (11780 KcÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ?), budete miÌ?t naÌ?rok na SVP na kazÌ?deÌ? nezaopatrÌ?eneÌ? diÌ?teÌ? ve vyÌ?sÌ?i 320 KcÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ?. Pokud vasÌ?e prÌ?iÌ?jmy neprÌ?esaÌ?hnou dvojnaÌ?sobku ZÌ?M, tedy 15760 KcÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ?, obdrzÌ?iÌ?te 220 KcÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ? na kazÌ?deÌ? diÌ?teÌ?.
+
+UzÌ? jste ho slysÌ?eli? PtaÌ?te se koho? PrÌ?eci kosa, kosaÌ?ka, toho cÌ?ernyÌ?ho ptaÌ?ka. SÌ?la jsem domuÌ? s naÌ?kupem, to znamenaÌ? zÌ?e jsem sÌ?la z praÌ?ce, myslela jsem na vsÌ?echno a na nic a tu ho zaslechnu.
+
+VsÌ?ude jsem sice zaÌ?sadneÌ? psala naÌ?rodnost cÌ?eskaÌ?, prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?nost ViÌ?denÌ?, nebotÌ? jsem odmiÌ?tala psaÌ?t OÌ?sterreich. VziÌ?t jsme se ale chteÌ?li, tak nezbyÌ?valo nezÌ? povoleniÌ? ziÌ?skat. MagistraÌ?t odmiÌ?tl, musela jsem jet do CÌ?erniÌ?nskeÌ?ho palaÌ?ce a pozÌ?aÌ?dat NeÌ?mce. VzÌ?dytÌ? to bylo za vaÌ?lky.
+
+Foto na obaÌ?lce ZUZANA STRAKOVAÌ? ROZHOVOR VLASTY Muzika od srdce rovnou do slziÌ? VarmuzÌ?a je varÌ?enaÌ? ovocnaÌ? kasÌ?e s medem a s korÌ?eniÌ?m. JesÌ?teÌ? v minuleÌ?m stoletiÌ? se z niÌ? vrchnosti odevzdaÌ?valy desaÌ?tky.
+
+K deÌ?tstviÌ? se vaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? i dalsÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?zÌ?itky, jezÌ? pozdeÌ?ji vyÌ?razneÌ? ovlivnily muÌ?j zÌ?ivot. Doma se hodneÌ? zpiÌ?valo, cÌ?etlo a poslouchala se vaÌ?zÌ?naÌ? i lidovaÌ? muzika. TeÌ?ch piÌ?snicÌ?ek, co jsem se naucÌ?ila a umiÌ?m dodnes. To jsou poklady, chcete-li laÌ?sky.
+
+NovyÌ? duÌ?m meÌ? prÌ?ijal dveÌ?ma zpuÌ?soby. NejdrÌ?iÌ?v mi nabiÌ?dl chleba a suÌ?l a pak na mne posÌ?tval psa. JesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?ed dverÌ?mi bytu mi podala sousedka na uviÌ?tanou kraÌ?snou kytici.
+
+RozvedenaÌ?, 33letaÌ? maminka dvou deÌ?tiÌ?, hledaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?tele, abstinenta a nekurÌ?aÌ?ka, ktereÌ?mu by nevadilo, zÌ?e je postizÌ?enaÌ? lupeÌ?nkou. Zn.: 40 - 2 ChodiÌ?m o dvou francouzskyÌ?ch holiÌ?ch, ale pracuji.
+
+Jak pleteme ZadniÌ? diÌ?l zacÌ?neme tmavou prÌ?iÌ?ziÌ? na 96 ok a upleteme 15 rÌ?ad patentem. V praÌ?ci pokracÌ?ujeme zÌ?erzejem, beÌ?hem pleteniÌ? 1. rÌ?. prÌ?idaÌ?me rozdeÌ?leneÌ? 38 ok - maÌ?me 134 oka.
+
+NejdrÌ?iÌ?v jsem ji odsuzovala, ale pozdeÌ?ji jsem o jejiÌ?m naÌ?zoru prÌ?emyÌ?sÌ?lela viÌ?c a tedÌ? ji lituji. O co vsÌ?echno se svyÌ?m jednaÌ?niÌ?m zameÌ?rÌ?enyÌ?m na vlastniÌ? zaÌ?jmy a pohodliÌ? prÌ?ipravila! Nepoznala neÌ?hu deÌ?tskyÌ?ch rucÌ?icÌ?ek, ktereÌ? tak kraÌ?sneÌ? pohladiÌ?, ani laÌ?sku vyjaÌ?drÌ?enou deÌ?tskyÌ?ma ocÌ?ima.
+
+41 Jak prÌ?edchaÌ?zet sexuaÌ?lniÌ?m neshodaÌ?m 42 Vliv veÌ?ku na sexuaÌ?lniÌ? probleÌ?my zÌ?eny 43 Vliv veÌ?ku na sexuaÌ?lniÌ? probleÌ?my muzÌ?e 44 NaÌ?hradniÌ? formy zÌ?enskeÌ?ho sexu 45 ZaÌ?vislaÌ? potence 46 PrÌ?iÌ?znaky sexuaÌ?lniÌ?ho staÌ?rnutiÌ? u zÌ?eny 47 PrÌ?iÌ?znaky sexuaÌ?lniÌ?ho staÌ?rnutiÌ? u muzÌ?e 48 Recept sexuaÌ?lniÌ? uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nosti pro muzÌ?e zraleÌ?ho veÌ?ku
+
+Aby se rodina vesÌ?la ke stolu i s naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vami, nechali si vyrobit kdysi v domaÌ?cnostech tolik uzÌ?iÌ?vanou lavici. DeÌ?tskaÌ? vysokaÌ? zÌ?idle je staraÌ? kaderÌ?nickaÌ?. SteÌ?ny barevneÌ? vymalovali Kredenc s praktickyÌ?mi zaÌ?suvkami koupili jizÌ? prÌ?ed lety.
+
+BohuzÌ?el znacÌ?nou cÌ?aÌ?st kreativity zameÌ?rÌ?ili na suvenyÌ?ry nevalneÌ? estetickeÌ? uÌ?rovneÌ?, ale staÌ?le se najdou taciÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? dokaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? klasickyÌ? duÌ?m kraÌ?sneÌ? vyzdobit. V pavilonech chodiÌ? bosky.
+
+22 odst. 1 jasneÌ? stanoviÌ?, zÌ?e advokacie se vykonaÌ?vaÌ? zpravidla za odmeÌ?nu a advokaÌ?t muÌ?zÌ?e od klienta zÌ?aÌ?dat prÌ?imeÌ?rÌ?enou zaÌ?lohu.
+
+Fiala letniÌ? Matthiola incana 40 lehkaÌ? % vhodnaÌ? k rÌ?ezu HlediÌ?k Antirrhinum majus 15 - 20 lehkaÌ? % po vyÌ?sadbeÌ? zasÌ?tiÌ?pneme 15 cm nad zemiÌ?, rostlina se rozveÌ?tviÌ? KarafiaÌ?t Dianthus chinensis 20 - 40 humoÌ?zniÌ? vaÌ?pnitaÌ? % vhodnaÌ? k rÌ?ezu, zvlaÌ?sÌ?teÌ? plnokveÌ?teÌ? odruÌ?dy
+
+PrÌ?ivlastneÌ?niÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? prÌ?edstavuje jeden ze zaÌ?kladniÌ?ch znakuÌ? kultury, kteraÌ? kontinent kolonizovala. PuÌ?vodniÌ?, z velkeÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti nedobrovolniÌ? usedliÌ?ci, cÌ?asto vysÌ?liÌ? z kriminaÌ?lniÌ?ho podhoubiÌ? materÌ?skeÌ? Anglie, se stali svobodnyÌ?mi osadniÌ?ky. Touhu po stareÌ? vlasti kompenzovali mimo jineÌ? zaklaÌ?daÌ?niÌ?m zahrad podle anglickyÌ?ch vzoruÌ?.
+
+Jako divadelniÌ? vyÌ?tvarniÌ?k maÌ? za sebou 87 inscenaciÌ? v divadlech BeÌ?loruska, KazachstaÌ?nu, LotysÌ?ska, Litvy, Ruska, Turkmenie a Ukrajiny, daÌ?le 11 hranyÌ?ch a 2 kresleneÌ? filmy ve filmovyÌ?ch studiiÌ?ch BeÌ?loruska a Moskvy.
+
+StaÌ?le cÌ?ilyÌ? sniÌ?ciÌ? o tom, zÌ?e si koupiÌ? dzÌ?unku Charakteristika: kompletniÌ? apartmaÌ?, zabudovanaÌ? postel, cÌ?iÌ?nskaÌ? praÌ?delna v kuchyni, vsÌ?e v cÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ?m duchu PrÌ?i prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itosti veletrhu Domotechnica ' 95 prÌ?edstavila firm Hausgerate novou generaci mycÌ?ek naÌ?dobiÌ?.
+
+Interface Heuga Na Petynce 47, 160 00 Praha 6 tel.: 350771, 350658, fax: 350 658 koberce 5/93 Siplast interglobal, BeÌ?lohorskaÌ? 66, 160 00 Praha 6 tel.: O2/353478, fax: 02/357631 strÌ?esÌ?niÌ? sÌ?indele
+
+Ale abstraktniÌ? poetismus je charakteristickyÌ? pro cÌ?eskeÌ? umeÌ?niÌ?, daÌ? se z neÌ?j vychaÌ?zet. NeveÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m na absolutno prÌ?ivedeneÌ? na zem. UmeÌ?niÌ? neniÌ? pro andeÌ?ly, kterÌ?iÌ? v nebi zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? nepotrÌ?ebujiÌ?, ale pro lidi. Chci vypraÌ?veÌ?t o niternyÌ?ch, ale zaÌ?rovenÌ? uchopitelnyÌ?ch stavech.
+
+49 - 56 kuleÌ?r (rukoveÌ?tÌ?) azÌ? sem dtto jako rozsah ostatniÌ?ch variant 57 - 60 ObydlenyÌ? sveÌ?t / arch., umeÌ?niÌ?, styl / 61-64 CÌ?iÌ?m je pro vaÌ?s... / rozmluvy v at. / 65-72 Domov inf.
+
+Byla to garaÌ?zÌ? pro cÌ?tyrÌ?i vozy, my ji nepotrÌ?ebovali. ChteÌ?la jsem z poloviny udeÌ?lat bazeÌ?n a neobyÌ?vaneÌ? podkroviÌ? zvyÌ?sÌ?it a promeÌ?nit v apartmaÌ? pro hosty. Sousedi nesouhlasili. SkoncÌ?ili jsme u soudu, kde padla otaÌ?zka, co tam bylo drÌ?iÌ?ve.
+
+V normalizaci, tedy v oblasti podrobnyÌ?ch doporucÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ?ch technickyÌ?ch specifikaciÌ?, jsme dosud do CÌ?SN zavedli 1244 evropskyÌ?ch norem, dalsÌ?iÌ?ch 1187 je v ruÌ?znyÌ?ch stadiiÌ?ch rozpracovanosti. ZavaÌ?deÌ?ny jsou vsÌ?echny evropskeÌ? normy, o ktereÌ? pozÌ?aÌ?daÌ? kteryÌ?koli orgaÌ?n staÌ?tniÌ? spraÌ?vy nebo podnikatel.
+
+NeÌ?kde lepsÌ?iÌ?, jinde horsÌ?iÌ?. Tomu se lze prÌ?izpuÌ?sobit. Co vsÌ?ak mladeÌ? lidi, kterÌ?iÌ? nastupujiÌ? do prvniÌ?ho zameÌ?stnaÌ?niÌ?, zajiÌ?maÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m, jsou vztahy na pracovisÌ?ti. JakeÌ? bude jednaÌ?niÌ? nadrÌ?iÌ?zenyÌ?ch s podrÌ?iÌ?zenyÌ?mi, jak se k nim budou chovat spolupracovniÌ?ci, starsÌ?iÌ? kolegoveÌ?.
+
+Vliv typu zameÌ?stnaÌ?niÌ? V globaÌ?le zÌ?eny vykonaÌ?vajiÌ? poneÌ?kud jineÌ? typy zameÌ?stnaÌ?niÌ? nezÌ? muzÌ?i. VesmeÌ?s z hlediska kvalifikacÌ?niÌ? naÌ?rocÌ?nosti, zodpoveÌ?dnosti a tedy i z pohledu ceny praÌ?ce, zameÌ?stnaÌ?niÌ? nizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? uÌ?rovneÌ?.
+
+Nejprve je nutneÌ? konflikt poznat, porozumeÌ?t mu, uvazÌ?ovat o neÌ?m a teprve potom zasahovat a rÌ?esÌ?it. Nikdy ne opacÌ?neÌ?, jak se zpravidla deÌ?je.
+
+NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?jem je o sekci pro pracovniÌ? praÌ?vo. JejiÌ? cÌ?lenoveÌ? chteÌ?jiÌ? navaÌ?zat kontakt s Ministerstvem praÌ?ce a sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? a aktivneÌ? se uÌ?cÌ?astnit na prÌ?iÌ?praveÌ? noveÌ? koncepce pracovniÌ?ho praÌ?va zejmeÌ?na tiÌ?m, zÌ?e vstoupiÌ? do verÌ?ejneÌ? diskuse k tomuto zaÌ?sadniÌ?mu probleÌ?mu.
+
+Odmysleme, cÌ?iÌ?m vsÌ?iÌ?m se zabyÌ?vaÌ?me dnes, a uvazÌ?ujme o tom, jak by asi nasÌ?e spolecÌ?nost vypadala, kdybychom ji budovali od sameÌ?ho zacÌ?aÌ?tku. "
+
+Od roku 1995 moderuje na televizniÌ? stanici CNN vlastniÌ? diskusniÌ? porÌ?ad Larry King Live. Jeho hosty jsou osobnosti jako Michail GorbacÌ?ov, Al Gore cÌ?i basketbalovaÌ? hveÌ?zda Michael Jordan. V cÌ?em je kouzlo jeho porÌ?adu a kliÌ?cÌ? k jeho uÌ?speÌ?chu?
+
+Socrates je sÌ?anciÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m pro soukromeÌ? sÌ?koly SÌ?koliciÌ? miÌ?tinky a seminaÌ?rÌ?e k noveÌ?mu vzdeÌ?laÌ?vaciÌ?mu programu Comenia v raÌ?mci programu EvropskeÌ? unie Socrates, ktereÌ? majiÌ? zapojit do spolupraÌ?ce strÌ?edniÌ? a zaÌ?kladniÌ? sÌ?koly v EvropeÌ?, probiÌ?hajiÌ? v soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? na ruÌ?znyÌ?ch miÌ?stech republiky.
+
+od 91 do 110 tisiÌ?c KcÌ? 750523465408234100 7.5 111 a viÌ?ce tisiÌ?c KcÌ? 754685577448266122 6.2 PodmiÌ?nky pro uÌ?cÌ?ast v anketeÌ? ZuÌ?cÌ?astnit se mohou vsÌ?echny organizace bez omezeniÌ?. DotazniÌ?k (viz str. 12) by meÌ?l byÌ?t zpracovaÌ?n za uvedeneÌ? vybraneÌ? skupiny manazÌ?eruÌ? organizace.
+
+NejviÌ?ce zaÌ?jemcuÌ? o akademickeÌ? tituly bez namaÌ?haveÌ?ho, a podle naÌ?zoru teÌ?chto kandidaÌ?tuÌ? zbytecÌ?neÌ?ho studia, je v evropskeÌ?m meÌ?rÌ?iÌ?tku v NeÌ?mecku a Rakousku.
+
+Dirigoval a svyÌ?mi sÌ?lehy na MilosÌ?uÌ?v zadek urcÌ?oval rytmus. ViÌ?m, zÌ?e bys ho tam chteÌ?l taky, chrcÌ?el Ondra, ale to si jesÌ?teÌ? pocÌ?kaÌ?sÌ?. HlavneÌ? musiÌ?sÌ? rozhicovat prdel teÌ? cÌ?ubky pod tebou! NeviÌ?sÌ?, jak moc potrÌ?ebuje protaÌ?hnout ten svuÌ?j nazÌ?havenyÌ? komiÌ?n?
+
+Sex zameÌ?stnaÌ?vaÌ? vasÌ?i mysl a celou vasÌ?i osobnost teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? staÌ?le. K milovaÌ?niÌ? maÌ?te dost prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itostiÌ?, prÌ?esto vyhledaÌ?vaÌ?te staÌ?le noveÌ?. Jste pravidelnyÌ?m naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?kem porno puÌ?jcÌ?oven i ruÌ?znyÌ?ch sex shopuÌ?. Je jen otaÌ?zkou cÌ?asu, kdy zabrousiÌ?te i do erotickeÌ?ho nocÌ?niÌ?ho podniku. Classic ZaÌ?pisy z meÌ?ho probuzeniÌ?
+
+JesÌ?teÌ? neÌ?kolikraÌ?t si zavzdychla, pak mne poliÌ?bila dlouze a prÌ?ikryla sebe i meÌ? pokryÌ?vkou. TeÌ?to noci dostala jsem do raÌ?na poprveÌ? cÌ?myÌ?ru...
+
+Jemelka vypoviÌ?dal veÌ?ci, ktereÌ? nikdy nikdo nemohl potvrdit. V teÌ? dobeÌ? unikal trestu za prÌ?iÌ?zÌ?ivnictviÌ?, cozÌ? jsem neveÌ?deÌ?l, a byl rovneÌ?zÌ? v podmiÌ?nce. StB nechala proveÌ?st expertiÌ?zu a zjistila, zÌ?e skutecÌ?neÌ? jde o mapu USA.
+
+Je trÌ?eba si uveÌ?domit, zÌ?e takovyÌ?to vedlejsÌ?iÌ? prÌ?iÌ?jem je jednak riskantniÌ?, ale prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m krajneÌ? neduÌ?stojnyÌ?. Za odpoveÌ?dnou a teÌ?zÌ?kou praÌ?ci by meÌ?ly byÌ?t i odpoviÌ?dajiÌ?ciÌ? platy! PracovniÌ? uÌ?vazek ucÌ?itele autosÌ?koly ve staÌ?tech zaÌ?padniÌ? Evropy nesmiÌ? prÌ?esahovat 28 hodin v tyÌ?dnu.
+
+Po soveÌ?tskeÌ? vojenskeÌ? intervenci v roce 1968 zacÌ?al pracovat jako tzv. dublarÌ? i pro francouzskou vyÌ?zveÌ?dnou sluzÌ?bu a znacÌ?neÌ? prÌ?ispeÌ?l k odhaleniÌ? siÌ?teÌ? soveÌ?tskeÌ? rozveÌ?dky ve Francii. K teÌ?to protisoveÌ?tskeÌ? cÌ?innosti se FrantisÌ?ek VojtaÌ?sek rozhodl z ideovyÌ?ch duÌ?voduÌ?.
+
+Mezi patniÌ?ky jsou velkeÌ? biÌ?leÌ? cedule s cÌ?ernyÌ?m naÌ?pisem LANDES GRENZE, kteryÌ? cÌ?teme jizÌ? z opacÌ?neÌ? strany hranic. Kdo se prÌ?ibliÌ?zÌ?il, byl na miÌ?steÌ? mrtev...
+
+DalsÌ?iÌ? probleÌ?my jsou s vojenskyÌ?m gymnaÌ?ziem, jehozÌ? vedeniÌ? nemaÌ? zaÌ?jem spolupracovat s meÌ?stem a nesnaÌ?ze jsou i se spalovnou nemocnice, kde dosud nebyla provedena expertiÌ?za, jakeÌ? toxickeÌ? laÌ?tky se dostaÌ?vajiÌ? do ovzdusÌ?iÌ?. Vypravil jsem se na MeÌ?NV, abych vyslechl i naÌ?zor druheÌ? strany.
+
+Jak budou voleni? Volby se budou konat ve 12 krajiÌ?ch republiky. V kazÌ?deÌ?m z nich budeme vybiÌ?rat do obou sneÌ?moven a do jedneÌ? naÌ?rodniÌ? rady kandidaÌ?tku jedneÌ? strany cÌ?i volebniÌ? koalice. KandidaÌ?tku, t. j. jmennyÌ? seznam stranou navrzÌ?enyÌ?ch kandidaÌ?tuÌ?.
+
+Je ironiiÌ? osudu, zÌ?e v dobeÌ?, kdy jejiÌ? praÌ?ce v raÌ?mci tohoto parlamentu koncÌ?iÌ?, stojiÌ? prÌ?ed stejnyÌ?mi otaÌ?zkami, prÌ?ed kteryÌ?mi staÌ?la 30.11.
+
+To uÌ?porneÌ? nicÌ?eniÌ? historickyÌ?ch center a snaha nahradit "stareÌ?" "novyÌ?m" je charakteristickeÌ? pro lidi bez kultury, bez civilizace, bez deÌ?jin.
+
+A opeÌ?t autentickyÌ? zaÌ?zÌ?itek, tentokraÌ?t studenta z Ghany: " Vystupoval jsem z metra ve stanici HradcÌ?anskaÌ?. ProtozÌ?e jsem si vsÌ?iml, zÌ?e se na mne z vedlejsÌ?iÌ?ho vozu chystaÌ? neÌ?kolik holohlavyÌ?ch, pospiÌ?chal jsem k vyÌ?chodu.
+
+MARTIN WEISS 04.07.90 str. 13 17/90 RUBRIKA NENIÌ? NA KRÌ?IZÌ?OVATKAÌ?CH VELMOCENSKYÌ?CH ZAÌ?JMUÌ? OcÌ?ima Egona LaÌ?nskeÌ?ho mezinaÌ?rodniÌ? deÌ?niÌ?
+
+Byli jsme elitniÌ? trÌ?iÌ?da a rÌ?editel naÌ?s bil velice cÌ?asto a vyhrozÌ?oval naÌ?m dalsÌ?iÌ?m, jesÌ?teÌ? horsÌ?iÌ?m, deÌ?caÌ?kem do osmnaÌ?cti let. Nic jsme si z toho nedeÌ?lali a bordel deÌ?lali daÌ?l.
+
+NemaÌ? cenu zaklaÌ?dat dalsÌ?iÌ? generaci ukrÌ?ivdeÌ?nyÌ?ch. To se ovsÌ?em netyÌ?kaÌ? lidiÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? se dopustili vylozÌ?eneÌ? teroristickyÌ?ch cÌ?inuÌ?. Tam je trestniÌ? praÌ?vo na miÌ?steÌ?. Jak jsi se vlastneÌ? do RÌ?iÌ?sÌ?e dostal? ZÌ?ili jsme s Julianou v Praze, v jejiÌ?m atelieÌ?ru.
+
+Je to uzÌ? dvacet dva let. DeÌ?ti teÌ?ch zmrazenyÌ?ch zÌ?aÌ?cÌ?kuÌ? z r. 1953 prÌ?ivaÌ?deÌ?jiÌ? na sveÌ?t novou generaci. DalsÌ?iÌ?ch dvacet let je v haÌ?ji. Kolik let je to dohromady? PadesaÌ?t? PuÌ?l stoletiÌ?, cÌ?tvrtina nasÌ?ich moderniÌ?ch deÌ?jin.
+
+NavsÌ?teÌ?vuji jednopatrovou omsÌ?elou budovu ubytovny spraÌ?vy sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch sluzÌ?eb NVP v Praze - VysocÌ?anech. UÌ?tocÌ?isÌ?teÌ? zde hledajiÌ? lideÌ? propusÌ?teÌ?niÌ? z vyÌ?konu trestu nebo z psychiatrickeÌ? leÌ?cÌ?ebny. Podle domovniÌ?ho rÌ?aÌ?du se za jednu noc platiÌ? 3 koruny ; dluzÌ?niÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stka nesmiÌ? prÌ?esaÌ?hnout 21 korun.
+
+Od 86. roku cÌ?len varsÌ?avskeÌ? regionaÌ?lniÌ? vyÌ?konneÌ? komise Solidarity, dnes spoluzakladatel ROAD a poslanec za Swidnici, meÌ?sto lezÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? bliÌ?zko cÌ?s. hranic. NedaÌ?vno jste staÌ?l, pane Litynski, u zalozÌ?eniÌ? ObcÌ?anskeÌ?ho hnutiÌ? demokratickaÌ? akce ROAD. Jak a procÌ? k tomu dosÌ?lo?
+
+SpiÌ?sÌ? se zmeÌ?nila doba. A on ciÌ?tiÌ?, zÌ?e by v teÌ?ch zmeÌ?neÌ?nyÌ?ch cÌ?asech mohl prohraÌ?t. MaÌ? ohromnou politickou siÌ?lu, destrukcÌ?niÌ? siÌ?lu, siÌ?lu uÌ?deru, ale postraÌ?daÌ? siÌ?lu budovat.
+
+AcÌ? pracujiÌ? odlisÌ?nyÌ?mi psychologickyÌ?mi metodami, jeden poznatek majiÌ? spolecÌ?nyÌ?: zÌ?ivot kazÌ?deÌ?ho cÌ?loveÌ?ka a jeho okolniÌ? sveÌ?t se vsÌ?emi udaÌ?lostmi, ktereÌ? se ho dotyÌ?kajiÌ?, jsou jeho vlastniÌ?m vyÌ?tvorem a vyÌ?sledkem jeho veÌ?domyÌ?ch cÌ?i podveÌ?domyÌ?ch tuzÌ?eb.
+
+DeÌ?je se uzÌ? neÌ?co takoveÌ?ho "shora", nebo se to nechaÌ?vaÌ? na aktiviteÌ? jednotlivyÌ?ch podnikuÌ?? CÌ?SFR respektuje zaÌ?sady MezinaÌ?rodniÌ?ho paktu o obcÌ?anskyÌ?ch a politickyÌ?ch praÌ?vech. KazÌ?dyÌ? obcÌ?an maÌ? mozÌ?nost vybrat si zemi a miÌ?sto, kde chce pracovat.
+
+VyÌ?strazÌ?naÌ? staÌ?vka V jednu hodinu odpoledne zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? staÌ?vka. ZaÌ?stupci neÌ?kolika okolniÌ?ch doluÌ? vyslovujiÌ? shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?nyÌ?m horniÌ?kuÌ?m podporu. Ing. KolaÌ?cÌ?ek sdeÌ?luje stanovisko ministra DlouheÌ?ho, kteryÌ? pozÌ?aduje odlozÌ?eniÌ? termiÌ?nu na 1.11. 1990, aby byl cÌ?as na vyrÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? vesÌ?keryÌ?ch formalit, a udeÌ?leniÌ? samostatnosti osobneÌ? zarucÌ?uje.
+
+Prezident prÌ?ed cÌ?asem v jednom ze svyÌ?ch projevuÌ? rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e profesionalizace armaÌ?dy probeÌ?hne drÌ?iÌ?v, nezÌ? si dokaÌ?zÌ?eme prÌ?edstavit. Asi meÌ?siÌ?c poteÌ? zacÌ?al Vacek hovorÌ?it o trÌ?iÌ?etapoveÌ? prÌ?emeÌ?neÌ? armaÌ?dy do roku 2005... - Ano, takoveÌ? datum se objevilo.
+
+- Ano, je nemyslitelneÌ?, aby naprÌ?iÌ?klad prÌ?i schuÌ?zce s GorbacÌ?ovem nemeÌ?l prezident k dispozici informace o mozÌ?nostech soveÌ?tskeÌ? ekonomiky, naprÌ?iÌ?klad o jejich ropeÌ?. Na to vsÌ?ak neniÌ? potrÌ?eba miÌ?t tajneÌ? organizace, stacÌ?iÌ?, aby diplomatickeÌ? sbory pracovaly profesionaÌ?lneÌ?. A to je kaÌ?men uÌ?razu.
+
+34/90 RUBRIKA NENIÌ? VojaÌ?k a civilista armaÌ?da a obrana Je jmenovaÌ?niÌ? LubosÌ?e DobrovskeÌ?ho ministrem obrany skutecÌ?neÌ? tiÌ?m nejlepsÌ?iÌ?m rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?m vojensko - politickeÌ? situace v CÌ?eskoslovensku? Nebylo by lepsÌ?iÌ?, kdyby ve funkci zuÌ?stal armaÌ?dniÌ? generaÌ?l Vacek, loajaÌ?lniÌ? profesionaÌ?l, kteryÌ? dokonale znaÌ? probleÌ?my sveÌ?ho oboru?
+
+Proto bylo ze Slovenska vyÌ?meÌ?nou za SlovaÌ?ky zÌ?ijiÌ?ciÌ? v MadÌ?arsku vysteÌ?hovaÌ?no prÌ?es 90000 MadÌ?aruÌ?. Proto "putovaly" dalsÌ?iÌ? desetitisiÌ?ce do cÌ?eskeÌ?ho pohranicÌ?iÌ?.
+
+"Chci miÌ?t odpoveÌ?dnost za kazÌ?deÌ? nasazeniÌ? jednotky," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? ministr LangosÌ?. " PrÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?niÌ?ci uÌ?tvaru jsou cvicÌ?eni na pudoveÌ? reakce a kazÌ?dyÌ? zaÌ?sah je nutneÌ? duÌ?kladneÌ? zvaÌ?zÌ?it. Je naprosto nepochopitelneÌ?, zÌ?e neÌ?kdo dokaÌ?zal vydat rozkaz k jejich pouzÌ?itiÌ? na NaÌ?rodniÌ? trÌ?iÌ?deÌ?.
+
+Hajrikjan na neÌ?m se zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ?m projevem nevystoupil. KraÌ?tce se prÌ?edstavil a poteÌ? vyzval shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?neÌ?, aby se ho sami ptali na to, co je zajiÌ?maÌ?. ZÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? otaÌ?zce, ani teÌ? nejozÌ?ehaveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?, se nevyhnul.
+
+MeÌ?siÌ?c vychaÌ?ziÌ? ve strÌ?edu v 15.25 h a zapadaÌ? ve cÌ?tvrtek v 4.05 h. RekordniÌ? teploty dne 23. dubna (od r. 1775 v prazÌ?skeÌ?m Klementinu): NejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? teplota 28.5 st. C. v roce 1968, nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? teplota minus 2.1 st.
+
+"Policie v nasÌ?iÌ? zemi neznamenaÌ? nic," soudiÌ? MahmuÌ?d, metalurgickyÌ? inzÌ?enyÌ?r, kteryÌ? sediÌ? v jednom z tisiÌ?cuÌ? uÌ?pravnyÌ?ch zelenyÌ?ch stanuÌ? pobliÌ?zÌ? mesÌ?ity. " HodneÌ? policistuÌ? uteklo do hor s naÌ?mi. NemajiÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dnou skutecÌ?nou moc.
+
+KonecÌ?neÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? prÌ?inese obnoveniÌ? puÌ?vodniÌ?ho stavu, nebotÌ? postranniÌ? krÌ?iÌ?dla doznala od dokoncÌ?eniÌ? v dubnu 1928 neÌ?kolikero neprÌ?iÌ?znivyÌ?ch uÌ?prav. RespektovaÌ?no bude pochopitelneÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m meÌ?rÌ?iÌ?tko paviloÌ?nu vcÌ?etneÌ? architektonickyÌ?ch detailuÌ? a podoba pruÌ?cÌ?eliÌ?, jak je znaÌ?mo z ucÌ?ebnic architektury.
+
+Na shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?niÌ? prÌ?ijel takeÌ? pan Paulo V. C. Costa, prezident sveÌ?toveÌ? rotariaÌ?nskeÌ? organizace. PrÌ?i teÌ?to prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itosti zasadil Paulo V. C. Costa v parcÌ?iÌ?ku u brneÌ?nskeÌ?ho JanaÌ?cÌ?kova divadla liÌ?pu.
+
+VyÌ?roba v lonÌ?skeÌ?m roce ve srovnaÌ?niÌ? s rokem prÌ?edchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?m poklesla o deset procent. PremieÌ?r zaÌ?rovenÌ? oznaÌ?mil, zÌ?e jeho vlaÌ?da chce doveÌ?st zemi k trzÌ?niÌ?mu hospodaÌ?rÌ?stviÌ? liberalizaciÌ? cen a privatizaciÌ? domovniÌ?ho fondu a podnikuÌ?.
+
+MluvcÌ?iÌ? cÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ?ho ministerstva zahranicÌ?iÌ? na vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ?m vecÌ?erniÌ?m briefingu prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e TÌ?iang Ce - min a Michail GorbacÌ?ov se mimo jineÌ? v obecneÌ? rovineÌ? veÌ?novali zahranicÌ?neÌ?politickyÌ?m otaÌ?zkaÌ?m.
+
+PoteÌ? si prezident s chotiÌ? prohleÌ?dli vyÌ?stavu praciÌ? cÌ?eskoslovenskeÌ?ho vyÌ?tvarniÌ?ka JirÌ?iÌ?ho KolaÌ?rÌ?e a Muzeum naÌ?rodniÌ?ch pamaÌ?tek. DalsÌ?iÌ?m bodem programu byla naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?va SÌ?veÌ?dskeÌ? akademie, prÌ?i ktereÌ? VaÌ?clava Havla doprovaÌ?zel sÌ?veÌ?dskyÌ? kraÌ?l, a diskuse se cÌ?leny teÌ?to ctihodneÌ? veÌ?deckeÌ? a kulturniÌ? instituce.
+
+A IraÌ?k takeÌ? je staÌ?tem, kde jsou tyteÌ?zÌ? probleÌ?my, jakeÌ? byly prÌ?ed vaÌ?lkou. RaÌ?d bych veÌ?deÌ?l viÌ?c o vasÌ?em programu v CÌ?eskoslovensku, jste tu vlastneÌ? jen na skok, tak se hned ptaÌ?m, kdy prÌ?ijedete prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?teÌ?.
+
+PojdÌ?me, budeme obchodovat. Budete kandidovat na prezidenta SSSR? V kazÌ?deÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ?. VideÌ?l jsem karikaturu, na niÌ?zÌ? je vypodobneÌ?n sÌ?asÌ?ek s rolnicÌ?kami, tancÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? na brÌ?ehu nad hlubokou tuÌ?niÌ?. Z vody cÌ?niÌ? neÌ?kolik paÌ?ruÌ? rukou tonouciÌ?ch. Ty ruce ze vsÌ?ech sil tleskajiÌ? tanecÌ?niÌ?kovi.
+
+OTAÌ?ZKA PRO ministra spravedlnosti CÌ?R JUDr. Leona Richtera. JakyÌ? je vaÌ?sÌ? naÌ?zor na naÌ?vrhy neÌ?kteryÌ?ch poslancuÌ?, aby soudci prÌ?ed jmenovaÌ?niÌ?m na dozÌ?ivotiÌ? prosÌ?li 5 letou lhuÌ?tou, beÌ?hem ktereÌ? by byla oveÌ?rÌ?ena jejich moraÌ?lniÌ? a odbornaÌ? zpuÌ?sobilost?
+
+Ale to by meÌ?la byÌ?t spiÌ?sÌ? otaÌ?zka na pana prezidenta, jestli on je spokojenyÌ? se mnou... (smiÌ?ch) PrÌ?ipustÌ?me, zÌ?e byste se stal prezidentem Rakouska. Bral byste pana Havla jako sveÌ?ho kancleÌ?rÌ?e? To bych si netroufl... (smiÌ?ch)
+
+Jezdil i sem, do tenkraÌ?t prÌ?iÌ?jemnyÌ?ch Teplic. Dnes tu majiÌ? zpustleÌ? empiÌ?roveÌ? vily a na hlavniÌ? trÌ?iÌ?deÌ? rÌ?adu domuÌ? se zazdeÌ?nyÌ?mi vchody i okny v prÌ?iÌ?zemiÌ? na obranu prÌ?ed bezdomovci severocÌ?eskeÌ?ho Bronxu. Statut laÌ?zniÌ? daÌ?vno pohrÌ?ben pod vrstvou smogu.
+
+(DalsÌ?iÌ? zpraÌ?vy na str. 12 - DobryÌ?, ale neprosÌ?el) STYÌ?SKALO SE MU PO KUBAÌ?NSKEÌ? REVOLUCI SÌ?pioÌ?n, kteryÌ? nezaplatil HAVANA -
+
+ProhlaÌ?sil to vcÌ?era v JeruzaleÌ?meÌ? izraelskyÌ? premieÌ?r Jicchak SÌ?amir v dobeÌ? naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vy americkeÌ?ho ministra zahranicÌ?iÌ? Jamese Bakera. Izrael jizÌ? prÌ?ed tiÌ?m navrhl, aby jordaÌ?nsÌ?tiÌ? prÌ?edstaviteleÌ? narozeniÌ? v JeruzaleÌ?meÌ? byli cÌ?leny spolecÌ?neÌ? jordaÌ?nsko - palestinskeÌ? delegace.
+
+V prosinci 1989 se strÌ?iÌ?lelo v Rumunsku a my jsme bez vaÌ?haÌ?niÌ? poslali prÌ?ikryÌ?vky, leÌ?ky a zdravotniÌ?ky. Dnes umiÌ?rajiÌ? v JugoslaÌ?vii stovky nevinnyÌ?ch civilistuÌ? a mneÌ? se prÌ?i pohledu do ulic zdaÌ?, zÌ?e je to CÌ?echuÌ?m a SlovaÌ?kuÌ?m prosteÌ? jedno. NemanifestujiÌ? ani nesbiÌ?rajiÌ? peniÌ?ze.
+
+508751.8949. 5552.69 (52.87) Lov na zbraneÌ? PRAHA - S uÌ?myslem ziÌ?skat zbraneÌ? prÌ?epadli vcÌ?era kraÌ?tce po puÌ?lnoci dva maskovaniÌ? muzÌ?i vyzbrojeniÌ? pistoliÌ? a dyÌ?kou dva prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?niÌ?ky radioveÌ?ho vysiÌ?laciÌ?ho strÌ?ediska v KrncÌ?iciÌ?ch u MoravskyÌ?ch BudeÌ?jovic. LoupezÌ?nyÌ? pokus byl zmarÌ?en.
+
+PrÌ?edniÌ? polskyÌ? politik a novinaÌ?rÌ? Adam Michnik vcÌ?era v listu Gazeta wyborcza zareagoval na cÌ?laÌ?nek deniÌ?ku MladaÌ? Fronta Dnes, liÌ?cÌ?iÌ?ciÌ? uÌ?dajneÌ? sbliÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? tohoto byÌ?valeÌ?ho disidenta s generaÌ?lem Wojciechem JaruzelskyÌ?m beÌ?hem nedaÌ?vneÌ?ho pobytu ve SÌ?paneÌ?lsku.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?pravy maleÌ?ho tyÌ?denniÌ?ho veletrhu se ujal OkresniÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad v BruntaÌ?le, protozÌ?e hledaÌ? podmiÌ?nky pro podnikaÌ?niÌ? v okrese a mozÌ?nost prodaÌ?vat za hranicemi, zvlaÌ?sÌ?teÌ? kdyzÌ? prÌ?ibyÌ?vaÌ? nezameÌ?stnanyÌ?ch.
+
+Za ty se neplatiÌ?, ale taky nemusejiÌ? staÌ?t prÌ?iÌ?mo prÌ?ed domem. O jejich umiÌ?steÌ?niÌ? rozhoduje obecniÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad a meÌ?l by jich v zaÌ?jmu vlastniÌ?ch obcÌ?anuÌ? objednat co nejviÌ?c.
+
+Nizozemci rozhodli AC MilaÌ?n dokazuje tyÌ?den co tyÌ?den, zÌ?e i bez treneÌ?ra Sacchiho a s trestem UEFA znamenajiÌ?ciÌ?m absenci v pohaÌ?roveÌ? EvropeÌ?, zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? velkyÌ?m muzÌ?stvem.
+
+"Chceme daÌ?t najevo, zÌ?e vztah CÌ?R je stejnyÌ? ke vsÌ?em jugoslaÌ?vskyÌ?m republikaÌ?m," rÌ?ekla k ciÌ?luÌ?m naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vy V. HradskaÌ?. K nyneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? vaÌ?lce v Chorvatsku poznamenala, zÌ?e je potrÌ?eba vyslechnout obeÌ? strany.
+
+SÌ?ANSON - VEÌ?C VERÌ?EJNAÌ? Dnes vecÌ?er (19.00) na listopadoveÌ?m sÌ?ansonoveÌ?m prÌ?edstaveniÌ? Ljuby HermanoveÌ?, Aleny HavliÌ?cÌ?koveÌ?, LibusÌ?e SÌ?vormoveÌ?, Rudolfa Pellara, Jana FaltyÌ?nka, Ilji Racka, Milana JiÌ?ry, Ivo SÌ?tuky nutneÌ? prÌ?ijde na prÌ?etrÌ?es otaÌ?zka "Jak se maÌ?sÌ?, CÌ?eskoslovensko?".
+
+ProtozÌ?e na zaÌ?dech nesou viÌ?c krÌ?iÌ?zÌ?kuÌ? nezÌ? prÌ?ed cÌ?tvrt stoletiÌ?m, miÌ?niÌ? odlozÌ?it batohy do doprovodneÌ?ho vozidla. To chteÌ?jiÌ? vyuzÌ?iÌ?t k propagaci sponzoruÌ?, na jejichzÌ? zaÌ?jmu zaÌ?visiÌ? repriÌ?za. OzÌ?ivnou "SÌ?laÌ?poty", jejichzÌ? cesta do Mexika byla i symbolem tehdejsÌ?iÌ?ho politickeÌ?ho taÌ?niÌ?? (tom)
+
+CÌ?chen Mao TÌ?in - TCHAJ - WAN PO DESETILETIÌ?CH DIKTATURY P. JanysÌ?ka - HAVLOVO PRÌ?EMIÌ?TAÌ?NIÌ? FUNDAMENTALISTEÌ? Se zbraniÌ? v ruce ALZÌ?IÌ?R - AlzÌ?iÌ?rskeÌ? bezpecÌ?nostniÌ? siÌ?ly zabily prÌ?i pondeÌ?lniÌ?ch sraÌ?zÌ?kaÌ?ch ve vyÌ?chodniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti zemeÌ? 13 muslimskyÌ?ch fundamentalistuÌ?. Zahynuli takeÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?i vojaÌ?ci.
+
+KMART se cenoveÌ? orientuje na niÌ?zkyÌ? strÌ?ed, cozÌ? vsÌ?ak neznamenaÌ?, zÌ?e se Kotva stane jednotkovyÌ?m supermarketem. "
+
+Smlouvy nelze rusÌ?it tak rychle jak se podepisujiÌ?. " Podle slov pana Wintera maÌ? nyniÌ? BeraÌ?nek dvoucestnou smlouvu, zneÌ?jiÌ?ciÌ? na 145000 dolaruÌ? za rok a za jejiÌ? podpis obdzÌ?el 75000, cozÌ? zdaleka neodpoviÌ?daÌ? jeho kvalitaÌ?m. PodobneÌ? je na tom i RucÌ?inskyÌ?.
+
+O EvropeÌ? zatiÌ?m neuvazÌ?ujeme. VeÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m, zÌ?e "HasÌ?an" hraÌ?t v NHL bude. On saÌ?m se jesÌ?teÌ? nevzdal. " Celou tiskovkou proliÌ?nal WinteruÌ?v spor s Mladou frontou Dnes, tyÌ?kajiÌ?ciÌ? se objektivity cÌ?i neobjektivity zpravodajstviÌ? P. Adlera.
+
+RALLYE PARÌ?IÌ?ZÌ? - K. MEÌ?STO Dva mrtviÌ?! DruhaÌ? etapa Rallye ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ? - KapskeÌ? MeÌ?sto ze Sirte do Sabahu (421 km) v Lybii si vyzÌ?aÌ?dala dva lidskeÌ? zÌ?ivoty.
+
+Vytahuje z aktovky kus kuÌ?zÌ?e velkyÌ? jako dlanÌ? s cÌ?ernyÌ?m zkrvaveÌ?lyÌ?m chuchvalcem vlasuÌ?. Vesnice GetasÌ?en a MartunasÌ?en byly z AÌ?zerbaÌ?jdzÌ?aÌ?nu vysiÌ?dleny jako prvniÌ?.
+
+NovinaÌ?rÌ? maÌ? odpoveÌ?dnost vuÌ?cÌ?i verÌ?ejnosti a duÌ?veÌ?ru verÌ?ejnosti - vzÌ?dytÌ? budoucnost demokracie zaÌ?visiÌ? na dobrÌ?e informovaneÌ? verÌ?ejnosti. Od dob PulitzerovyÌ?ch se zmeÌ?nila vlastneÌ? jen jedna veÌ?c. On mluviÌ? o tisiÌ?ciÌ?ch lidiÌ?, na ktereÌ? maÌ? novinaÌ?rÌ? vliv.
+
+PrÌ?esto se ale inspektorÌ?i do cÌ?s. vojenskyÌ?ch prostoruÌ? dostaÌ?vali a navrhovali pokuty. NasÌ?e armaÌ?da si prÌ?ece jen uveÌ?domovala, zÌ?e zpuÌ?sobila rÌ?adu ekologickyÌ?ch sÌ?kod. Nic takoveÌ?ho ovsÌ?em nepocitÌ?ovala SoveÌ?tskaÌ? armaÌ?da a braÌ?ny jejiÌ?ch objektuÌ? byly pro inspekci uzavrÌ?eny.
+
+JenzÌ?e deveÌ?tadevadesaÌ?t procent meÌ?lo neÌ?jakyÌ? odstiÌ?n sÌ?edi. A tedÌ? jde o to, kde na teÌ?to sÌ?kaÌ?le sÌ?edi naryÌ?sujeme cÌ?aÌ?ru, kteraÌ? ukaÌ?zÌ?e, zÌ?e na jedneÌ? straneÌ? od niÌ? jsou pro naÌ?s lideÌ? uzÌ? neprÌ?ijatelniÌ?, na druheÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? vyhovujiÌ?ciÌ?.
+
+"ObaÌ?vaÌ?m se dalsÌ?iÌ?ho vyÌ?voje, protozÌ?e duÌ?chod je naprosto nedostacÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ?." "Nikdo neviÌ?, co bude daÌ?l, jestli kraÌ?m v raÌ?mci privatizace neÌ?kdo nekoupiÌ? a jestli se JZD nerozpadne." Jedni svuÌ?j strach posilujiÌ? argumenty potvrzujiÌ?ciÌ?mi bezvyÌ?chodnost situace, jiniÌ? prÌ?ijali psÌ?trosiÌ? politiku.
+
+Co to maÌ? spolecÌ?neÌ?ho s obranou? NevylucÌ?uji, zÌ?e se takoveÌ? uÌ?koly plnily. Souviselo to s poznaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ?ho vaÌ?lcÌ?isÌ?teÌ?. KomunikacÌ?niÌ? tahy a podobneÌ?. JakaÌ? byla provaÌ?zanost se soveÌ?tskou rozveÌ?dkou cÌ?i s KGB?
+
+HloubavaÌ? lidskaÌ? dusÌ?e pak u televize jen marneÌ? prÌ?emyÌ?sÌ?liÌ?, jak je to mozÌ?neÌ?, zÌ?e i v okolniÌ?ch zemiÌ?ch postkomunistickeÌ?ho sveÌ?ta rÌ?iÌ?diÌ? ekonomiku dobrodruhoveÌ? stejneÌ?ho razÌ?eniÌ? i metod praÌ?ce jako u naÌ?s.
+
+SoveÌ?tskyÌ? svaz ale prochaÌ?ziÌ? velmi bourÌ?livyÌ?m vyÌ?vojem a nikdo dnes nemuÌ?zÌ?e odhadnout ani jeho rychlost, ani ciÌ?l, ke ktereÌ?mu povede. Nebylo by dobreÌ?, kdyby dnes kdokoli ve vyÌ?voji evropskeÌ?ho bezpecÌ?nostniÌ?ho systeÌ?mu mohl videÌ?t zaÌ?minku, kteraÌ? by uspiÌ?sÌ?ila jakyÌ?mkoliv smeÌ?rem vyÌ?voj v SSSR.
+
+NasÌ?e soucÌ?asneÌ? soudy je na zaÌ?kladeÌ? rehabilitacÌ?niÌ?ho zaÌ?kona, schvaÌ?leneÌ?ho polistopadovyÌ?m parlamentem, prÌ?ekvalifikovaly z politickyÌ?ch veÌ?znÌ?uÌ? na obycÌ?ejneÌ? zlocÌ?ince. ZaÌ?kon tedy nemuÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t dobryÌ?.
+
+PoteÌ? prohlaÌ?siÌ?, zÌ?e ustasÌ?ovce z Prely podrÌ?ezÌ?ou a vypiÌ?chajiÌ? jim ocÌ?i, jak se uzÌ? stalo i jinde. Zbytek chorvatskeÌ?ho obyvatelstva z vesnice utecÌ?e. SrbsÌ?tiÌ? muzÌ?i se vraÌ?tiÌ? a Prelu prohlaÌ?siÌ? za soucÌ?aÌ?st SrbskeÌ? autonomniÌ? oblasti Krajina.
+
+Od pocÌ?aÌ?tku bylo jasneÌ?, zÌ?e po lonÌ?skeÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? krizi jmenoval SÌ?amir velmi ambicioÌ?zniÌ?ho, ale ne dost zkusÌ?eneÌ?ho Davida Levyho ministrem zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m proto, aby vuÌ?bec vytvorÌ?il kabinet.
+
+V polovineÌ? osmdesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let asimilace vyvrcholila naÌ?silnyÌ?m pobulharsÌ?tÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ?m tureckyÌ?ch jmen za prÌ?iÌ?meÌ? asistence ozbrojenyÌ?ch slozÌ?ek a zaÌ?koniteÌ? ovlivnila smyÌ?sÌ?leniÌ? bulharskeÌ?ho obyvatelstva. JesÌ?teÌ? koncem roku 1989 se konaly nacionalistickeÌ? demonstrace pod hesly "Bulharsko BulharuÌ?m" nebo "Turci do Turecka".
+
+VyÌ?sledky: SukovaÌ? - GrafovaÌ? 2: 6, 6: 1 - GrafovaÌ? vzdala, NovaÌ?cÌ?ek - Becker 2: 6, 6: 7, SukovaÌ?, NovaÌ?cÌ?ek - GrafovaÌ?, Becker 6: 4, 6: 4.
+
+BeÌ?hem souteÌ?zÌ?e rozdaÌ?vajiÌ? letaÌ?ky a organizujiÌ? sbiÌ?rku daruÌ? v jejich prospeÌ?ch. BELGICKYÌ? DAVISCUPOVYÌ? TYÌ?M OD VCÌ?EREJSÌ?KA V PRAZE Ke kocourovi a za pamaÌ?tkami
+
+OficiaÌ?lniÌ? zpraÌ?va soudniÌ?ch leÌ?karÌ?uÌ? byla prÌ?edaÌ?na pouze rodineÌ?. Podle francouzskyÌ?ch leÌ?karÌ?uÌ?, kteryÌ?m dal Paris Match k dispozici dokumenty a fotografie porÌ?iÌ?zeneÌ? prÌ?i pitveÌ? v Izraeli, byl Maxwel prÌ?ed paÌ?dem do vody prÌ?epaden.
+
+A takeÌ? na to, abych udeÌ?lal co nejmeÌ?neÌ? chyb. Potom uzÌ? jde vsÌ?echno snadno. "Jste nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?m favoritem slalomu na olympijskyÌ?ch hraÌ?ch. NevymeÌ?nil byste prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? zlato prÌ?ece jen za viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? ve SveÌ?toveÌ?m pohaÌ?ru?" OlympiaÌ?da je samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? pro meÌ? nejduÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?.
+
+Prezident pozÌ?aÌ?dal vrchniÌ?ho velitele ozbrojenyÌ?ch sil SNS marsÌ?aÌ?la Jevgenije SÌ?aposÌ?nikova o okamzÌ?iteÌ? stazÌ?eniÌ? motostrÌ?eleckeÌ?ho pluku umiÌ?steÌ?neÌ?ho ve SteÌ?panakertu z aÌ?zerbaÌ?jdzÌ?aÌ?nskeÌ?ho uÌ?zemiÌ?. SÌ?aposÌ?nikov to vsÌ?ak odmiÌ?tl a prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e jednotka v Karabachu zuÌ?stane tak dlouho, jak to bude nutneÌ?.
+
+CÌ?S. - NEÌ?MECKAÌ? SMLOUVA Pro a proti Pro ratifikaci cÌ?s. - neÌ?meckeÌ? smlouvy v soucÌ?asneÌ?m zneÌ?niÌ? se v odpoveÌ?diÌ?ch pro CÌ?STK jednoznacÌ?neÌ? vyslovili prÌ?edstaviteleÌ? ObcÌ?anskeÌ?ho hnutiÌ?, KrÌ?estÌ?anskodemokratickeÌ? strany, CÌ?eskoslovenskeÌ? strany lidoveÌ? a ObcÌ?anskeÌ? demokratickeÌ? unie - VerÌ?ejnosti proti naÌ?siliÌ?.
+
+NemocenskeÌ? za prvniÌ? dva tyÌ?dny nemoci by meÌ?l platit zameÌ?stnavatel. K doporucÌ?eniÌ? MezinaÌ?rodniÌ? organizace praÌ?ce zmeÌ?nit lustracÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?kon P. RychetskyÌ? uvedl, zÌ?e se vlaÌ?da vyjaÌ?drÌ?iÌ? poteÌ?, co obdrzÌ?iÌ? od vlaÌ?dniÌ?ho zmocneÌ?nce kompletniÌ? zpraÌ?vu. PRÌ?EDSEDA SENAÌ?TU: JSTE POVINEN MLUVIT PRAVDU VypoviÌ?dal obcÌ?an Havel
+
+Byly zaznamenaÌ?ny prÌ?iÌ?pady, kdy vojaÌ?ci a duÌ?stojniÌ?ci armaÌ?dy SNS dislokovaneÌ? v AÌ?zerbaÌ?jdzÌ?aÌ?nu bojujiÌ? na straneÌ? aÌ?zerbaÌ?jdzÌ?aÌ?nskeÌ? armaÌ?dy. PrÌ?i jejich posledniÌ?ch uÌ?tociÌ?ch proti Karabachu byly pouzÌ?ity tanky a vrtulniÌ?ky Mi - 24, rÌ?iÌ?zeneÌ? vojaÌ?ky 4. armaÌ?dy.
+
+Je to chytrÌ?e vymysÌ?leno, i kdyzÌ? pryÌ? je mozÌ?no knihu vraÌ?tit a dostat peniÌ?ze zpeÌ?t. HorsÌ?iÌ? je, zÌ?e knihu shaÌ?neÌ?jiÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?inou mladiÌ? lideÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? zacÌ?iÌ?najiÌ? sexuaÌ?lneÌ? zÌ?iÌ?t a zÌ?e jim vnucuje zcela konzumniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stup k sexu.
+
+UkazujiÌ? jen na funkcÌ?niÌ? odpoveÌ?dnost tam, kde bylo ustanoveniÌ? § 23 zaÌ?k. o SNB uzÌ?ito v rozporu s tehdy platnyÌ?m vyÌ?kladem zaÌ?kona. "JUDr. Pavel KlimesÌ? - obhaÌ?jce obzÌ?alovaneÌ?ho Lorence:" Toto rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? je fakticky vedeno proti minuleÌ?mu systeÌ?mu.
+
+Jako cÌ?loveÌ?k, kteryÌ? je "profesniÌ? filmarÌ?, autor, fotograf, prÌ?ekladatel, milovniÌ?k kraÌ?snyÌ?ch zÌ?en i kraÌ?snyÌ?ch prÌ?edmeÌ?tuÌ?," se ciÌ?tiÌ? byÌ?t byÌ?valyÌ? prazÌ?skyÌ? primaÌ?tor Jaroslav KorÌ?aÌ?n, nyniÌ? sÌ?eÌ?fredaktor Playboye, muzÌ?em na sveÌ?m miÌ?steÌ?.
+
+NeniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? jasneÌ?, zda odpor, jakyÌ? se zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? projevovat proti uÌ?rÌ?aduÌ?m, je rÌ?iÌ?zen z podzemiÌ? neÌ?jakyÌ?m novyÌ?m vedeniÌ?m IFS, nebo zda jde o spontaÌ?nniÌ? akce lokaÌ?lniÌ?ho charakteru.
+
+233223.8022. 7224.16 (24.00) 2492552462.58 (2.56) 175317.8917. 2518.17 (18.06) 190419.4218. 7019.76 (19.74) 286529.2328. 2429.64 (29.80) 512052.2449. 8953.03 (52.95)
+
+Je kuprÌ?iÌ?kladu mozÌ?neÌ? odebrat periodiku registraci?
+
+Odchody ze sceÌ?ny byÌ?vajiÌ? ruÌ?zneÌ?. SkotoveÌ? vsÌ?ak opousÌ?teÌ?jiÌ? bojisÌ?teÌ? se vztycÌ?enou hlavou a s nezanedbatelnou prestizÌ?niÌ? vizitkou, zÌ?e majiÌ? lepsÌ?iÌ? tyÌ?m nezÌ? veÌ?cÌ?nyÌ? anglickyÌ? rival. " Jsem na sveÌ? chlapce hrdyÌ?.
+
+VsÌ?eobecnaÌ? dohoda o clech a obchodu (GATT) vcÌ?era pozastavila cÌ?lenstviÌ? JugoslaÌ?vii. PrÌ?edseda rady GATT B. K. Zutschi oznaÌ?mil, zÌ?e prÌ?edstaviteluÌ?m JugoslaÌ?vskeÌ? svazoveÌ? republiky nebude umozÌ?neÌ?na uÌ?cÌ?ast na akciÌ?ch rady. AÌ?ZERBAÌ?JDZÌ?AÌ?N PROTESTUJE PROTI HUMANITAÌ?RNIÌ? POMOCI LIDOVYÌ?CH NOVIN Jsou jizÌ? v Karabachu? MOSKVA -
+
+TemnyÌ? andeÌ?l - MladyÌ?ch (v kineÌ? LiÌ?pa): 26. - 28.6. David a Sandy ; 1. 2.7. KraÌ?l Babar - LetniÌ?: 26. - 27.6. MuzÌ? s cejchem smrti Ostrava:
+
+SukovaÌ? a Lendl postupujiÌ? Do trÌ?etiÌ?ho kola postoupil desaÌ?tyÌ? nasazenyÌ? tenista Ivan Lendl, kdyzÌ? vyrÌ?adil neÌ?meckeÌ?ho reprezentanta Thomse 7: 5, 7: 6 (8: 6), 1: 6, 7: 5.
+
+MIÌ?ROVAÌ? JEDNAÌ?NIÌ? ZA TYÌ?DEN - NA TAHU JSOU ARABOVEÌ? SbliÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? spojencuÌ? ManzÌ?eleÌ? Rabinovi zuÌ?stali u BushuÌ? na chateÌ? v Kennebunkportu prÌ?es noc. NaÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?va prezidentova letniÌ?ho siÌ?dla spojenaÌ? s noclehem je pozornost, kterou George Bush odmeÌ?nÌ?uje jen hosty, jichzÌ? si zvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? ceniÌ?.
+
+OtrÌ?esy puÌ?dy dosaÌ?hly podle tohoto zdroje v epicentru azÌ? deviÌ?ti stupnÌ?uÌ? Richterovy sÌ?kaÌ?ly. Dosud se uvaÌ?deÌ?lo, zÌ?e siÌ?la zemeÌ?trÌ?eseniÌ? byla osm stupnÌ?uÌ?. PrÌ?i zÌ?ivelniÌ? katastrofeÌ? bylo znicÌ?eno prÌ?inejmensÌ?iÌ?m 7000 obytnyÌ?ch domuÌ? a bylo posÌ?kozeno elektrickeÌ? vedeniÌ?.
+
+Tuto noc skini nezauÌ?tocÌ?ili. OdjiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?li jsme z relativneÌ? klidneÌ?ho meÌ?sta, nad kteryÌ?m neustaÌ?le krÌ?izÌ?ovaly helikopteÌ?ry. PETRA PROCHAÌ?ZKOVAÌ? JIRÌ?IÌ? ZAÌ?VOZDA INCIDENT V SOMAÌ?LSKU ZraneÌ?n cÌ?s. duÌ?stojniÌ?k NEW YORK / MOGADISÌ?O -
+
+JejiÌ? prÌ?edstavy o poplatciÌ?ch za roznaÌ?sÌ?ku jsou teÌ?zÌ?ko prÌ?ijatelneÌ?, znamenaly by citelneÌ? zdrazÌ?eniÌ? tisku. Co se tedy podstatneÌ?ho zmeÌ?nilo kromeÌ? naÌ?zvu firmy? PrÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m se daÌ? ocÌ?ekaÌ?vat veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?jem o zkvalitneÌ?niÌ? distribuce tisku od teÌ?ch, kdo se jiÌ? nyniÌ? zabyÌ?vajiÌ?.
+
+Melionovi z Polska a v boji o 3. miÌ?sto rovneÌ?zÌ? n. b. Bulharu Donkovovi. V hmotnosti do 63.5 kg se stal viÌ?teÌ?zem SÌ?imaÌ?k, kdyzÌ? nejdrÌ?iÌ?ve vybodoval PolaÌ?ka SnarskeÌ?ho a ve finaÌ?le NeÌ?mce Heideho.
+
+L. CO - KDY - KDE Dnes v 18.10 hodin je na CÌ?TV miÌ?sto krajskeÌ?ho vysiÌ?laÌ?niÌ? zarÌ?azena aktuaÌ?lniÌ? beseda o budoucnosti televize v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice. VyÌ?stava CÌ?eskyÌ? kubismus v prostoraÌ?ch MoravskeÌ? galerie v BrneÌ? bude otevrÌ?ena do 1. listopadu.
+
+1) Kde jsme a jak jsme se sem dostali? XXXHistorie podniku, dosavadniÌ? vyÌ?robky a sluzÌ?by, ovlaÌ?dnuteÌ? trhy, jmeÌ?no firmy, slabiny a silneÌ? straÌ?nky. X 2) Kam se chceme dostat?
+
+V polovineÌ? zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? dostal ZdeneÌ?k JuraÌ?sek dalsÌ?iÌ? dopis. PrÌ?edseda Rady dr. Daniel Korte ho v neÌ?m informuje, zÌ?e ve ZliÌ?neÌ? v soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? volnyÌ? kmitocÌ?et neniÌ?. Do obdrzÌ?eniÌ? noveÌ?ho stanoviska spraÌ?vy spojuÌ? proto Rada licencÌ?niÌ? rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? s agenturou F - Publikum prÌ?erusÌ?ila.
+
+Co bude s ostatniÌ?mi dnes nikdo neviÌ?, protozÌ?e podle pracovniÌ?kuÌ? FMS neniÌ? Rada k 1. listopadu schopna jejich spraÌ?vu prÌ?evziÌ?t. CÌ?lenoveÌ? Rady naopak tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e prÌ?evzetiÌ? spraÌ?vy kmitocÌ?tuÌ? do jejich kompetence braÌ?niÌ? svyÌ?m obstrukcÌ?niÌ?m postojem praÌ?veÌ? FMS. JAK TO CHODIÌ? V PRAXI
+
+NaÌ?meÌ?stek rÌ?editele Telecomu M. BrenisÌ?iÌ?n na naÌ?sÌ? dotaz odcitoval ze zaÌ?kona, zÌ?e "lze omezit provoz telefonniÌ? siÌ?teÌ? z duÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?ho spolecÌ?enskeÌ?ho zaÌ?jmu", zaÌ?rovenÌ? vsÌ?ak odmiÌ?tl pouzÌ?iÌ?vaneÌ? praktiky.
+
+NejlepsÌ?iÌ?m laÌ?kadlem je uzÌ? uÌ?vod, jenzÌ? pouhyÌ?m chronologickyÌ?m rÌ?azeniÌ?m informaciÌ? o pronikaÌ?niÌ? cÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ? divadelniÌ? tradice na zaÌ?pad sveÌ?dcÌ?iÌ? o stupnÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ?m se zaÌ?jmu Evropy (prÌ?edniÌ?ch divadelniÌ?ch reformaÌ?toruÌ? Craiga, Tairova, Mejercholda, Brechta, GrotowskeÌ?ho, Barby) o tuto oblast.
+
+V polovineÌ? 17. stoletiÌ? se ukrajinskou otaÌ?zku rozhodla vyrÌ?esÌ?it jedna z nejvyÌ?razneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch osobnostiÌ? sveÌ? doby, cÌ?ihyrynskyÌ? kozaÌ?ckyÌ? setniÌ?k a pozdeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? ukrajinskyÌ? hetman Bohdan ChmelnickyÌ?. Zorganizoval vzbourÌ?eneÌ? kozaÌ?ky a ve spojeniÌ? s KrymskyÌ?mi Tatary neÌ?kolikraÌ?t porazil polskaÌ? vojska.
+
+neÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? jisteÌ? z jakeÌ?si nouze, hledajiÌ?ce posledniÌ? dusÌ?evniÌ? uÌ?levu a uÌ?teÌ?chu. U teÌ?ch asi viÌ?ra koncÌ?ila, kdyzÌ? se zase prÌ?ece jen ocitli na svobodeÌ?.
+
+Ale i tohle vdovy prÌ?ecÌ?kaly a porazÌ?eniÌ? si vsÌ?imli: v "prajsaÌ?ckyÌ?ch" kasliÌ?ciÌ?ch zacÌ?aly se objevovat vaÌ?lecÌ?neÌ? duÌ?chody. Nejprve v bonech, posleÌ?ze v markaÌ?ch - a to se na vesniciÌ?ch neutajiÌ?.
+
+(StrÌ?elec dokonal diÌ?lo zkaÌ?zy. Na volneÌ? biÌ?leÌ? peÌ?sÌ?ce maÌ? cÌ?ernyÌ? poniÌ?k kraÌ?tkyÌ? dech.) 52.... Jxb5 53. Kxg5 Kf7 54. Kh6 Jd4 55. g4 Jf3 56. h3 Kf6 57. b4! a cÌ?ernaÌ? se vzdala.
+
+KdyzÌ? piÌ?senÌ? dozneÌ?la, zacÌ?al GyoÌ?rgy KonraÌ?d mluvit. LideÌ? beÌ?hem projevu byli klidniÌ? a pozorniÌ?, neskandovali hesla, jen neÌ?kdy zatleskali. KdyzÌ? rÌ?ecÌ?niÌ?k domluvil, dav na naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ? se pomalu vydal proti toku Dunaje k parlamentu.
+
+Informace na tel. 02/26 49 28 Mr. Marco Lachin ev. Miss Silvie HlavsovaÌ? 1003 SALES - DISTRIBUTION MANAGER to run his own firm!!! PROFILE: - Experience in sales - distribution FOODSTUFFS, preferably also in NON - FOODSTUFFS
+
+UzÌ? vcÌ?era klouzala, prÌ?estala se mi liÌ?bit. BlaÌ?to se obalovalo na galusky. Z neÌ?kteryÌ?ch uÌ?sekuÌ? naÌ?s porÌ?adateleÌ? vyhaÌ?neÌ?jiÌ?, snad je otevrÌ?ou asponÌ? na puÌ?l hodiny. CiÌ?lovaÌ? rovinka je dost dlouhaÌ?, bude cÌ?as na prÌ?iÌ?pravu ke spurtu. VeÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m si.
+
+Ve FrantisÌ?kovyÌ?ch laÌ?zniÌ?ch vznikne rovneÌ?zÌ? akciovaÌ? spolecÌ?nost a deveÌ?t ubytovaciÌ?ch objektuÌ?, budouciÌ?ch penzioÌ?nuÌ?, bude prÌ?edmeÌ?tem verÌ?ejneÌ? drazÌ?by. Politici a odpad
+
+To jsou politickeÌ? aspekty tohoto probleÌ?mu. A kulturniÌ?? " Ve ViÌ?dni v podstateÌ? dochaÌ?zelo ke kritice tohoto zaÌ?kladniÌ?ho historickeÌ?ho vztahu, ale dluzÌ?no poznamenat, zÌ?e nesÌ?lo o kritiku jednoznacÌ?nou, protozÌ?e se teÌ?zÌ? poukazovalo na jistou uzÌ?itecÌ?nost vztahu centra a perifeÌ?rie.
+
+U domu si postaviÌ?m diÌ?lnu a budu opravovat auta. Pracuji od puÌ?l sÌ?esteÌ? raÌ?no cÌ?asto azÌ? do tmy, to se nedaÌ?. Z druzÌ?stva bych meÌ?l dostat paÌ?r hektaruÌ? hned za vesniciÌ?.
+
+TeÌ?meÌ?rÌ? milioÌ?nu uprchliÌ?kuÌ? soustrÌ?edeÌ?nyÌ?ch v oblasti Rijeky chybiÌ? rovneÌ?zÌ? zaÌ?kladniÌ? potraviny, proto je zÌ?aÌ?douciÌ? shromaÌ?zÌ?dit i masoveÌ? konzervy, susÌ?eneÌ? a kondenzovaneÌ? mleÌ?ko, teÌ?stoviny, ryÌ?zÌ?i a cukr. ZaÌ?silka bude vypravena, jakmile se najde dopravce. MarneÌ? cÌ?ekaÌ?niÌ? na soud MUSELA SÌ?ESTILETAÌ? DANIELKA ZEMRÌ?IÌ?T?
+
+... a sveÌ?t Paul Signac, vyÌ?znamnyÌ? impresionistickyÌ? maliÌ?rÌ?, patrÌ?il - spolu s Guy de Maupassantem - ke konci minuleÌ?ho stoletiÌ? k prvniÌ?m "objeviteluÌ?m" prÌ?iÌ?morÌ?skeÌ?ho meÌ?stecÌ?ka Saint Tropez, kde meÌ?l i svou plachetnici.
+
+21 SSÌ? SE ZAÌ?JMEM o cestovaÌ?niÌ? a prÌ?iÌ?rodu, hledaÌ? kluka do 25 let. Zn.: NejleÌ?pe PJ, PM, DO. MF 441/8 MaÌ?te jednu nevyuzÌ?itou sutereÌ?nniÌ? miÌ?stnost?
+
+UvidiÌ?me. A O ' Brien? TeÌ?ch 9000 by meÌ? neprÌ?ekvapilo. " Jedna perlicÌ?ka. O ' BrienuÌ?v treneÌ?r prÌ?ivezl do Francie Robertovi tricÌ?ko, na ktereÌ?m je natisÌ?teÌ?no: Kdo je nejlepsÌ?iÌ? atlet sveÌ?ta? Dan or Dave?
+
+Ta by raÌ?da ziÌ?skala meÌ?kdejsÌ?iÌ? prominenty a hlavneÌ? rÌ?adoveÌ? stoupence OH, zmateneÌ? po prohranyÌ?ch volbaÌ?ch a namnoze inklinujiÌ?ciÌ? spiÌ?sÌ?e doleva nezÌ? k mlzÌ?neÌ?mu liberaÌ?lniÌ?mu strÌ?edu. Takto netradicÌ?neÌ? rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eneÌ? cÌ?lenskeÌ? zaÌ?kladneÌ? sociaÌ?lniÌ? demokracie by pak ovsÌ?em dost mozÌ?naÌ? vyhovoval v jejiÌ?m cÌ?ele neÌ?kdo podstatneÌ? razantneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? profesor HoraÌ?k.
+
+10. -11. ZÌ?atec 7 3 1 3 8: 10 7 12. Jirkov 7 3 1 3 9: 12 7 13. RudnaÌ? 7 2 2 3 13: 16 6 14. SlanyÌ? 7 1 2 4 8: 11 4 15.
+
+Bylo to vcÌ?era oznaÌ?meno v BudapesÌ?ti na tiskoveÌ? konferenci veÌ?novaneÌ? zasedaÌ?niÌ? madÌ?arskeÌ? vlaÌ?dy. VsÌ?echny praÌ?ce s tiÌ?m spojeneÌ? by meÌ?ly byÌ?t dokoncÌ?eny do roku 1995 a vyzÌ?aÌ?dajiÌ? si podle soucÌ?asnyÌ?ch odhaduÌ? 7.45 miliardy forintuÌ? (teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? 97 milioÌ?nuÌ? dolaruÌ?).
+
+Jako zaÌ?pisniÌ?k, budiÌ?k nebo hodinky muÌ?zÌ?e pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ? kromeÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ?ch sÌ?estnaÌ?cti funkciÌ? pracovat v sÌ?esti jazyciÌ?ch. V CÌ?eskoslovensku je zatiÌ?m k dispozici 280 pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?uÌ?, s nimizÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e nevidomeÌ? diÌ?teÌ? chodit i do beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? ZSÌ?. Disco souteÌ?zÌ?
+
+20.15 ZÌ?ivot v prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ? - teplaÌ? krev a studenaÌ? voda 20.40 Tina Turner - druhaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st zaÌ?znamu 21.30 ZpravodajstviÌ? CÌ?TV 22.05 Taxi blues - soveÌ?tsko - francouzskyÌ? film z roku 1990. StrÌ?et dvou odlisÌ?nyÌ?ch pohleduÌ? na sveÌ?t.
+
+Jak naÌ?m rÌ?ekl asistent radniÌ?ho HviÌ?zÌ?dÌ?aly Martin SkrÌ?epek, ve spraÌ?vniÌ?ch radaÌ?ch ruÌ?znyÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ? je rÌ?ada poslancuÌ? prazÌ?skeÌ?ho zastupitelstva. I teÌ?m je tato vyÌ?zva urcÌ?ena. Veksl za 13.5 milioÌ?nu
+
+K tomu odpuÌ?rce rÌ?ekl: "V prÌ?estaÌ?vce zasedaÌ?niÌ? CÌ?NR jsem vyslovil svuÌ?j naÌ?zor na otaÌ?z - ku redaktora, zda pan Havel je alkoholik nebo narkoman. Za zverÌ?ejneÌ?niÌ? nemohu neÌ?st odpoveÌ?dnost."
+
+LonÌ?skyÌ? sÌ?ampionaÌ?t byl prochaÌ?zkou ruÌ?zÌ?ovyÌ?m sadem. V kategorii do 70 kilogramuÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?ilo padesaÌ?t borcuÌ?. ZrÌ?ejmeÌ? jsem si posÌ?kodil snizÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ?m vaÌ?hy kraÌ?tce prÌ?ed mistrovstviÌ?m. Do dvou let bych se chteÌ?l postavit na stupiÌ?nek nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?, " rÌ?ekl MilosÌ? PavluÌ?. PraÌ?zdnyÌ? zaÌ?mek v BystrÌ?ici
+
+PaÌ? 11. 12. ZÌ?idle (The Chairs) Eugena Ionesca v DomeÌ? paÌ?nuÌ? z Fanalu Husy na provaÌ?zku Brno v nastudovaÌ?niÌ? In - Theatre Bratislava s anglickyÌ?mi herci So 12. 12.
+
+9.10 Klub kecÌ?up 9.25 Klub marmelaÌ?da 9.40 Holky, kluci, kupte si 9.45 PiÌ?snicÌ?ky MCM 10.00 Inovace - nahrazeniÌ? nebezpecÌ?. pesticiduÌ? (s prÌ?ekl.) 10.30 Austin City Limits 11.00 Screensport - fotbal. utkaÌ?niÌ? BraziÌ?lie v. NeÌ?mecko (s koment.) 12.00 ZpravodajstviÌ? CNN
+
+Majetkovou otaÌ?zku lze rÌ?esÌ?it prÌ?evodem cÌ?aÌ?sti akciiÌ? do slovenskeÌ?ho fondu naÌ?rodniÌ?ho majetku. Tento naÌ?vrh oznacÌ?il za jedineÌ? ekonomicky schuÌ?dneÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? viceprezident CÌ?SA pro obchod FrantisÌ?ek Bis na vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ?m zahaÌ?jeniÌ? cÌ?innosti brneÌ?nskeÌ? cestovniÌ? kancelaÌ?rÌ?e CÌ?SA v NaÌ?drazÌ?niÌ? ulici 4.
+
+SÌ?koda jen, zÌ?e se mu nechteÌ?lo do NHL. KucharcÌ?iÌ?ka povazÌ?uji za talent, kdyzÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? zlepsÌ?iÌ? strÌ?elbu, muÌ?zÌ?e z neÌ?ho neÌ?co byÌ?t. JirÌ?iÌ? HoliÌ?k, 319x reprezentoval, uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?k 14 MS, 4x na OH, mistr sveÌ?ta 1972, uÌ?tocÌ?niÌ?k: 1.
+
+UÌ?daje o mozÌ?nyÌ?ch ztraÌ?taÌ?ch nebyly oznaÌ?meny. BosenskeÌ? vedeniÌ? odmiÌ?tlo vyhoveÌ?t zÌ?aÌ?dosti o evakuaci 1500 obyvatel obleÌ?haneÌ?ho Sarajeva s oduÌ?vodneÌ?niÌ?m, zÌ?e plaÌ?n na odsun civilistuÌ?, zprostrÌ?edkovanyÌ? miÌ?rovyÌ?m vyjednaÌ?vacÌ?em EvropskeÌ?ho spolecÌ?enstviÌ? lordem Owenem, je zalozÌ?en na etnickeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?nosti. AmerickyÌ? pilot sestrÌ?elil iraÌ?ckyÌ? letoun
+
+Dnes tedy FBIS viÌ?cemeÌ?neÌ? navazuje na cÌ?innost teÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti StaÌ?tniÌ? bezpecÌ?nosti, kteraÌ? se zabyÌ?vala bojem proti ciziÌ?m rozveÌ?dkaÌ?m. Experti na zpravodajskeÌ? hry byÌ?valeÌ? StB deÌ?lajiÌ? svou praÌ?ci daÌ?l u FBIS. SvyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem je to pochopitelneÌ? ;
+
+BeÌ?hem let rÌ?ada obyvatel z vesnice odesÌ?la. O jejiÌ? likvidaci bylo definitivneÌ? rozhodnuto v roce 1987, demolice zacÌ?ala o cÌ?tyrÌ?i roky pozdeÌ?ji. Pod Libkovicemi je uhliÌ? s nizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m obsahem siÌ?ry, ktereÌ? se dodaÌ?vaÌ? do ekologicky exponovanyÌ?ch oblastiÌ?.
+
+PlneÌ? dodrzÌ?uje podmiÌ?nky konspirace, dodaÌ?vaÌ? uÌ?stniÌ? i piÌ?semneÌ? informace a dostaÌ?vaÌ? obcÌ?asnou odmeÌ?nu. Podle Zachystala je KATO "schopen jiÌ?t tak daleko, jak budeme chtiÌ?t". A je zcela schopen "plnit nasÌ?e uÌ?koly". KATO prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? i s vlastniÌ? iniciativou.
+
+NaviÌ?c kniha byla vlastneÌ? rozebraÌ?na jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?ed vydaÌ?niÌ?m. TisiÌ?c kusuÌ? si objednali i ze Slovenska. " Autor dr. JirÌ?iÌ? Sehnal puÌ?sobiÌ? v KoliÌ?neÌ? jako soukromyÌ? advokaÌ?t. O historii letcuÌ? z obdobiÌ? druheÌ? sveÌ?toveÌ? vaÌ?lky vydal jizÌ? neÌ?kolik knih.
+
+VeÌ?tsÌ?ina firem si pronajiÌ?maÌ? apartmaÌ? v neÌ?ktereÌ?m z hoteluÌ? na Croisette, prÌ?estozÌ?e znacÌ?naÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st z nich hraje vabank ; budÌ? prodajiÌ?, nebo se jesÌ?teÌ? viÌ?c zadluzÌ?iÌ?.
+
+pan CÌ?imo po listopadu 89 pracoval v inspekci ministerstva vnitra jako podrÌ?iÌ?zenyÌ? VladimiÌ?ra MecÌ?iara a na jeho rozkaz se v roce 1990 vloupal do vily StB v TrencÌ?iÌ?neÌ?, odkud ukradl rÌ?adu dokumentuÌ? tajneÌ? policie ;
+
+Je zajiÌ?maveÌ?, zÌ?e si soucÌ?asnaÌ? vlaÌ?da, prÌ?es hlasiteÌ? stiÌ?zÌ?nosti, nechce vziÌ?t ze socialistickeÌ?ho vyÌ?voje poucÌ?eniÌ?. Trh prosteÌ? ukazuje, zÌ?e vyraÌ?beÌ?t na Slovensku tanky cÌ?i provozovat hliniÌ?kaÌ?rnu je prosteÌ? neefektivniÌ? a asi stejneÌ? rozumneÌ? jako peÌ?stovat pomerancÌ?e ve SÌ?veÌ?dsku.
+
+Jeho architekti mu zarucÌ?ili stabilitu tiÌ?m, zÌ?e jej vybudovali jako historickou past. Aby se spolecÌ?nost stala znovu trzÌ?niÌ? a demokratickou, musiÌ? obnovit svobodu jednotlivce, ochotu riskovat a duch podnikavosti.
+
+nekonajiÌ? se prÌ?ednaÌ?sÌ?ky ani zkousÌ?ky. Jsme prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?eni, zÌ?e to je jen srbskyÌ? venkovskyÌ? folkloÌ?r, z neÌ?hozÌ? naÌ?m extremisteÌ? uzÌ? meÌ?siÌ?c prÌ?edvaÌ?deÌ?jiÌ? mnoho ukaÌ?zek. 3. dubna Moje zÌ?ena se vraciÌ? ze SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ?.
+
+PozdeÌ?ji bude vyzviÌ?dat i na mojiÌ? zÌ?eneÌ? a tvaÌ?rÌ?it se, zÌ?e mu jde o to, v jakeÌ?m stavu je nasÌ?e auto. 18. kveÌ?tna ArmaÌ?da byÌ?valeÌ? JugoslaÌ?vie opousÌ?tiÌ? formaÌ?lneÌ? celeÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? republiky, ale to se netyÌ?kaÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? "osvobozenyÌ?ch" srbskyÌ?mi extremistickyÌ?mi silami.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?niÌ?ci Osmy byli lideÌ? vzdeÌ?laniÌ?, vybaveniÌ? pro teoretickou praÌ?ci. Ve filosofii je poutaly mysÌ?lenky Artura Schopenhauera a Henriho Bergsona, v literaturÌ?e je zaujali F. M. DostojevskyÌ?, H. Ibsen a L. N. Tolstoj.
+
+KteryÌ? vyhraje, rozhodne vlaÌ?da tuto strÌ?edu EKONOMIKA: ProcÌ? je v CÌ?echaÌ?ch snadneÌ? sehnat praÌ?ci ROZHOVOR: "Reaguji jako pes," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Josif Brodskij, nositel Nobelovy ceny za literaturu ZemeÌ?deÌ?lci a danÌ? z pronajatyÌ?ch pozemkuÌ? Praha (ge) -
+
+Z Argentiny pochaÌ?ziÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?ina profesionaÌ?luÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? na turnajiÌ?ch hrajiÌ? jen o cÌ?est a slaÌ?vu - jinak jsou ovsÌ?em placeni svyÌ?mi kluby. NejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? smlouvu na sezoÌ?nu dostal jeden JihoamericÌ?an v Chicagu: 1.2 milioÌ?nu dolaruÌ?.
+
+"Je to asi slovenskyÌ? sport," rÌ?ekl M. Peterka. V raÌ?mci celeÌ?ho Slovenska byly vybraÌ?ny asi dveÌ? trÌ?etiny vyÌ?pisuÌ?. Orbis nevysiÌ?laÌ? Praha (maw) -
+
+"Hradec KraÌ?loveÌ?" Olomouc (hoj) -
+
+NevlaÌ?dniÌ? organizace zabyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? se prevenciÌ?, poradenskou, konsultacÌ?niÌ?, osveÌ?tovou a osÌ?etrÌ?ovatelskou cÌ?innostiÌ? v oblasti AIDS pravidelneÌ? dostaÌ?vajiÌ? financÌ?niÌ? prostrÌ?edky ze staÌ?tniÌ?ho rozpocÌ?tu, v letos celkem 462 tisiÌ?c KcÌ?.
+
+CiÌ?lem shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?niÌ? bylo donutit k demisi prezidenta ZÌ?elju ZÌ?eleva. UÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?ci miÌ?tinkuÌ? jej obvinÌ?ovali ze zrady SDS, z prÌ?iÌ?klonu k socialistuÌ?m (byÌ?valyÌ?m komunistuÌ?m), z ochrany neÌ?kdejsÌ?iÌ?ch nomenklaturniÌ?ch sÌ?picÌ?ek prÌ?ed potrestaÌ?niÌ?m a vuÌ?bec z kormidlovaÌ?niÌ? zemeÌ? smeÌ?rem zpeÌ?t ke komunismu.
+
+NeÌ?jakaÌ? sÌ?ance prÌ?ece existovat musiÌ?! PocÌ?et telefonaÌ?tuÌ? na lince 325353 (nebo 320568), kteraÌ? existuje od listopadu, prÌ?ekrocÌ?il v teÌ?chto dnech cÌ?iÌ?slo 1500. Martina RiebauerovaÌ? " NejcÌ?asteÌ?ji volajiÌ? sami nemocniÌ?. PotrÌ?ebujiÌ? si trÌ?eba jen popoviÌ?dat, cozÌ? je Achillova pata nasÌ?eho zdravotnictviÌ?.
+
+BohuzÌ?el prÌ?ed daleko slabsÌ?iÌ? naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vou, nezÌ? porÌ?adateleÌ? ocÌ?ekaÌ?vali. Pravdou je, zÌ?e mnoziÌ? zaÌ?jemci o MS superbikuÌ? a sajdkaÌ?ruÌ? beznadeÌ?jneÌ? uviÌ?zli v zaÌ?cpaÌ?ch na daÌ?lnici z Prahy. "UmeÌ?niÌ?" neÌ?kteryÌ?ch vyÌ?chodoneÌ?meckyÌ?ch rÌ?idicÌ?uÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? nicÌ?ili rychlaÌ? auta ostosÌ?est, je opravdu pozoruhodneÌ?.
+
+RakouskyÌ? superpohaÌ?r: Austria ViÌ?denÌ? - FC Innsbruck 1: 1 (0: 1) 3: 1 na pen., branky: 90. Ogris - 9. Lesiak. Za Innsbruck promeÌ?nil penaltu jen DaneÌ?k.
+
+A co Chaplin? SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ?! Jak jsem na neÌ?j mohl zapomenout?! Ten byl snad ze vsÌ?ech nejveÌ?rneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?. UÌ?plnyÌ? sÌ?ampioÌ?n! VeÌ?rnost mysÌ?lence, politickeÌ?mu naÌ?zoru vaÌ?m obeÌ?ma komplikovalo zÌ?ivot. MuÌ?zÌ?ete mi, paniÌ? MercouriovaÌ?, uveÌ?st neÌ?jakyÌ? konkreÌ?tniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?klad?
+
+MozÌ?naÌ? proto se chtiveÌ? ocÌ?ekaÌ?vanyÌ? titul In Utero (jehozÌ? milioÌ?novyÌ? prodej je vlastneÌ? doprÌ?edu zajisÌ?teÌ?n) symbolicky obraciÌ? dovnitrÌ?, snad k posledniÌ?mu miÌ?stu, kde jde opravdu o zÌ?ivot.
+
+x (# ' 0 -. 815 - 8 & lt ; H? A ` x (# ' 0 -. 815 - 8 & lt ; H? A)
+
+SaÌ?m potom rÌ?iÌ?kal, zÌ?e ani netusÌ?il, kolik potrÌ?ebuje skocÌ?it na viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ?. NeÌ?kdo mu pryÌ? prÌ?isÌ?el rÌ?iÌ?ci, zÌ?e sÌ?est metruÌ? nestacÌ?iÌ?, tak skaÌ?kal 605. JakaÌ? byla informovanost v osÌ?teÌ?parÌ?skeÌ?m sektoru? " JaÌ? jsem se trÌ?eba na tohle vuÌ?bec nediÌ?val.
+
+6: 0, Rosset - P. McEnroe 6: 4, 6: 3, NeÌ?mecÌ?ek - Wilkinson 6: 4, 6: 4. Basketbal ZÌ?eny -
+
+OznaÌ?mili to vcÌ?era prÌ?edstaviteleÌ? OSN. PrÌ?i strÌ?elbeÌ? nebyl nikdo zraneÌ?n. OsmicÌ?lennyÌ? tyÌ?m vyÌ?zkumniÌ?kuÌ? ambicioÌ?zniÌ?ho a soucÌ?asneÌ? kontroverzniÌ?ho experimentu BiosfeÌ?ra 2 vcÌ?era ukoncÌ?il dvouletyÌ? pobyt v obrÌ?iÌ?m "teraÌ?riu", vybudovaneÌ?m na uÌ?bocÌ?iÌ? pohorÌ?iÌ? Santa Catalina asi 65 kilometruÌ? severneÌ? od arizonskeÌ?ho Tucsonu.
+
+J. KysucÌ?an. Josef OdlozÌ?il, strÌ?iÌ?brnyÌ? medailista z OlympiaÌ?dy v Tokiu (1964), byl zraneÌ?n 7. srpna v restauraci U Cimbury v osadeÌ? DomasÌ?ov. Na naÌ?sledky teÌ?zÌ?keÌ?ho poraneÌ?niÌ? zemrÌ?el 1O. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ?.
+
+SomaÌ?lsÌ?tiÌ? novinaÌ?rÌ?i v teÌ?to souvislosti sdeÌ?lili, zÌ?e se Aididovi veÌ?rniÌ? pokusiÌ? vyuzÌ?iÌ?t AmericÌ?any jako zÌ?iveÌ?ho sÌ?tiÌ?tu prÌ?i dalsÌ?iÌ?ch teroristickyÌ?ch akciÌ?ch. Ministr zahranicÌ?iÌ? W. Christopher v uÌ?teryÌ? vyzval Mohameda Farraha Aidida, aby propustil zajateÌ? americkeÌ? vojaÌ?ky.
+
+SÌ?estadvaceticÌ?lenneÌ? finaÌ?le ve cÌ?tyrÌ?boji se bude muset obejiÌ?t bez nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? favoritky souteÌ?zÌ?e Larisy LukjaneÌ?nkoveÌ? z BeÌ?loruska, kteraÌ? si uzÌ? ve cÌ?tvrtek prÌ?i treÌ?ninku zlomila prst praveÌ? nohy. Mario Cecchi Gori, prezident italskeÌ?ho druholigoveÌ?ho celku AC Fiorentina, zemrÌ?el vcÌ?era ve veÌ?ku 72 let. PohaÌ?rovyÌ? los
+
+KovaÌ?cÌ? a MecÌ?iar o noveÌ? vlaÌ?deÌ? Bratislava - SlovenskyÌ? premieÌ?r VladimiÌ?r MecÌ?iar jednal vcÌ?era s prezidentem Michalem KovaÌ?cÌ?em o slozÌ?eniÌ? noveÌ?ho koalicÌ?niÌ?ho kabinetu. SeznaÌ?mil KovaÌ?cÌ?e s naÌ?vrhem na obsazeniÌ? krÌ?esel v rekonstruovaneÌ? vlaÌ?deÌ?, jejiÌ?zÌ? slozÌ?eniÌ? bude vyÌ?sledkem koalicÌ?niÌ? dohody mezi HZDS a Slovenskou naÌ?rodniÌ? stranou.
+
+Dal v Los Angeles dva goÌ?ly a v posledniÌ? trÌ?etineÌ? prÌ?ihraÌ?l Colemu na viÌ?teÌ?znou branku. TOP pro ZubrickeÌ?ho HaviÌ?rÌ?ov - SuperteÌ?zÌ?kyÌ? vzpeÌ?racÌ? Olympu Praha JirÌ?iÌ? ZubrickyÌ? (159 kg) s prÌ?evahou zviÌ?teÌ?zil na turnaji TOP 12 v HaviÌ?rÌ?oveÌ?.
+
+12. HodoniÌ?n21521447: 6912 13. PrÌ?erov21521447: 9412 14. TaÌ?bor22351455: 8311 NeÌ?meckaÌ? liga - 25. kolo: BerliÌ?n - Mnichov 4: 2, Landshut - Rosenheim 2: 1, Kaufbeuren - Preussen 2: 5, KoliÌ?n n.
+
+Jeho vyÌ?znam tedy roste s nestabilitou politickeÌ? situace. LetosÌ?niÌ? rok proto nemohl prokaÌ?zat, zda je SenaÌ?t zbytecÌ?nou instituciÌ?.
+
+V prvniÌ?m tyÌ?dnu obchodovaÌ?niÌ? byl nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?jem o prodej akciiÌ? spolecÌ?nostiÌ? jako je Aero, CÌ?EZ, CÌ?KD Praha, CÌ?Z Strakonice, SÌ?koda PlzenÌ?, ale takeÌ? Potraviny Centrum.
+
+A pak jsou tu vyÌ?klady sociologickeÌ?, straniÌ?ciÌ? jednou SamsoveÌ? rodineÌ? a jindy Samsovi nebo povazÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? vsÌ?echny dohromady za obeÌ?tÌ? kapitalistickeÌ?ho vykorÌ?istÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ?.
+
+Titul byl uveden i v nasÌ?ich kinech. Do zÌ?ralocÌ?iÌ?ch a chladneÌ? pragmatickyÌ?ch vztahuÌ? na burziaÌ?nskeÌ?m Wall Streetu pronikl stejnojmennyÌ? nesentimentaÌ?lniÌ? film Olivera Stonea (1987). Jako herecÌ?tiÌ? protihraÌ?cÌ?i se strÌ?etnou Michael Douglas (oceneÌ?n Oskarem) a Charlie Sheen.
+
+Je vsÌ?ak velmi duÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ? udeÌ?lat noveÌ? volby. Do moravskoslezskeÌ?ho sneÌ?mu byli vsÌ?ak pozvaÌ?ni jen poslanci, kterÌ?iÌ? ve FS hlasovali proti rozdeÌ?leniÌ? CÌ?SFR. NezpochybnÌ?ujiÌ? vaÌ?s i proto?
+
+Strana 2 MALIÌ?RÌ?UÌ?M BY SE MEÌ?L VYRÌ?IÌ?ZNOUT JAZYK - Z barbaruÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? prÌ?ijiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?jiÌ?, to majiÌ? obzvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? teÌ?zÌ?keÌ? americÌ?tiÌ? maliÌ?rÌ?i. FrancouzskaÌ? alergie na cokoli americkeÌ?ho je biologickaÌ?, zaÌ?kladniÌ? a vsÌ?eobecnaÌ?. Jen paÌ?r jich tu po vaÌ?lce uspeÌ?lo. Strana 5 CIZINCI VE VLASTNIÌ? ZEMI -
+
+Dav nejdrÌ?iÌ?ve strne v uÌ?zÌ?asu, je slysÌ?et jenom naÌ?sÌ? dech a rytmickeÌ? bubnovaÌ?niÌ?. Tancuju svuÌ?j nejpodivneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? valcÌ?iÌ?k v zÌ?ivoteÌ?. Dvacet rozedranyÌ?ch chlapuÌ?, jejichzÌ? kazÌ?dodenniÌ? stravou je uzÌ? puÌ?l roku trÌ?istagramovyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?deÌ?l ryÌ?zÌ?e, mne bere mezi sebe. Pak se jeden z nich zasmeÌ?je.
+
+FilmarÌ?i vsÌ?ak nejsou dobryÌ?mi konspiraÌ?tory. ZrÌ?ejmeÌ? si ani neuveÌ?domili, jakeÌ? duÌ?sledky prÌ?ibarveniÌ? skutecÌ?nosti muÌ?zÌ?e miÌ?t. NepocÌ?iÌ?tali vsÌ?ak s tyÌ?mem profesionaÌ?lniÌ?ch vysÌ?etrÌ?ovateluÌ? GM. Kdo jinyÌ? nezÌ? obrÌ?iÌ? koncern by je takeÌ? mohl zaplatit. DetektivoveÌ? GM nasÌ?li nejdrÌ?iÌ?ve naÌ?cÌ?elniÌ?ka hasicÌ?uÌ? obce, kde se havaÌ?rie nataÌ?cÌ?ela.
+
+Nejprve vsÌ?ak bylo nutno vyporÌ?aÌ?dat se s mnoha prÌ?edsudky intelektuaÌ?luÌ?, jejichzÌ? vzdeÌ?laÌ?niÌ? bylo v minulosti zalozÌ?eno prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m na literaÌ?rniÌ? tradici. Proto zejmeÌ?na pro neÌ? byla (a je) televize prÌ?edmeÌ?tem prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itostneÌ? kritiky.
+
+PrÌ?i posledniÌ? kalamitniÌ? situaci jsme prÌ?ijali takovou petici, daÌ? se rÌ?iÌ?ci ostrou. Byl jsem sice proti neÌ?kteryÌ?m formulaciÌ?m, ale samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? ji braÌ?niÌ?m. Petice znovu upozornila na skutecÌ?nou velikost a zaÌ?vazÌ?nost toho probleÌ?mu.
+
+Zvyk odbyÌ?vat se v jiÌ?dle a v "kvaliteÌ? zaÌ?zÌ?itkuÌ?" vuÌ?bec, trpneÌ? snaÌ?sÌ?et, co se nabiÌ?ziÌ?, a nic od toho necÌ?ekat, je prÌ?iÌ?myÌ? duÌ?sledek ponizÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ?, na neÌ?zÌ? naÌ?s staryÌ? rezÌ?im navykl, a skutecÌ?neÌ? siÌ?meÌ? smrti, ktereÌ? do naÌ?s zasel.
+
+Proto se muÌ?zÌ?e staÌ?t, zÌ?e naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ci ze ZaÌ?padu, zvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? z necÌ?ekaneÌ? konzervativniÌ?ch SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ?, jsou nejednou prÌ?ekvapeni miÌ?rou nasÌ?ich sexuaÌ?lniÌ?ch svobod, tak nezakryteÌ? manifestovanyÌ?ch na kazÌ?deÌ?m naÌ?rozÌ?iÌ? cÌ?i stanici metra. VerÌ?ejnost pak zajiÌ?maÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m skutecÌ?nost, zda pornografie vede ke zvyÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? sexuaÌ?lniÌ? delikvence.
+
+(Viz Kontroly na novyÌ?ch prÌ?echodech str. 3) VLAJKA SlovenskeÌ? republiky byla prÌ?i zrodu samostatneÌ? slovenskeÌ? staÌ?tnosti vytazÌ?ena na stozÌ?aÌ?r na naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ? SNP v BratislaveÌ? Na pomeziÌ? vatra spolecÌ?neÌ?ho staÌ?tu
+
+Vtom se muzÌ? na zemi zacÌ?al hyÌ?bat. PrÌ?evalil se na zaÌ?da, po chviÌ?li si sedl a nakonec vstal. KromeÌ? toho, zÌ?e byl znacÌ?neÌ? opilyÌ? a sÌ?pinavyÌ?, mu zrÌ?ejmeÌ? nebylo nic. VraÌ?voravyÌ?m krokem se motal po cesteÌ? a chteÌ?l odejiÌ?t.
+
+VyÌ?sledky 2. zaÌ?vodu SveÌ?toveÌ?ho pohaÌ?ru v lyzÌ?arÌ?skeÌ?m orientacÌ?niÌ?m beÌ?hu, kraÌ?tkaÌ? tratÌ?: muzÌ?i (73 startujiÌ?ciÌ?ch): 1. Benjaminsen 40: 34, 2. Lystad (oba Nor.) 40: 56, 3. Nordquist (SÌ?veÌ?d.)
+
+13.05 ProsiÌ?m, ozvi se - repriÌ?za porÌ?adu 13.55 StiÌ?ny vaÌ?sÌ?neÌ? 14.40 SousedeÌ? 15.05 ColbyoveÌ? 16.00 Riptide - uÌ?vodniÌ? film k akcÌ?niÌ?mu seriaÌ?lu USA 16.55 5 kraÌ?t 5 17.25 RiskantniÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?niÌ? show 18.30 Sport na SAT 1 18.45 ZpraÌ?vy SAT 1 19.00 Punkt, Punkt, Punkt 19.30 Kolo sÌ?teÌ?stiÌ?
+
+Referendum ve SÌ?vyÌ?carsku vsÌ?ak soucÌ?asneÌ? upozornilo na dalsÌ?iÌ?, meÌ?neÌ? dramatickyÌ?, avsÌ?ak nemeÌ?neÌ? zaÌ?vazÌ?nyÌ? aspekt. Ani viÌ?cedomek sÌ?vyÌ?carskeÌ? konfederace, kteryÌ? doposud platil za vzornou ukaÌ?zku maximaÌ?lneÌ? tolerantniÌ?ho souzÌ?itiÌ? lidiÌ? ruÌ?znyÌ?ch jazykuÌ? a kultur, totizÌ? zdaleka neniÌ? homogenniÌ? entitou rÌ?iÌ?diÌ?ciÌ? se pouze vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m principem vyÌ?nosneÌ?ho podnikaÌ?niÌ?.
+
+NeÌ?kdy se zdaÌ?lo, zÌ?e proti NitrÌ?e bojujiÌ? jen Mlejnek a PavliÌ?k, iniciaÌ?torÌ?i vsÌ?eho. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: MaÌ?dl. ZÌ?K: Brajer - LednickyÌ?, KostolaÌ?ni. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 2833. Bohemians: SÌ?imurka - Mlejnek - CÌ?ihaÌ?k, Urban (51.
+
+K protestuÌ?m ochraÌ?ncuÌ? zviÌ?rÌ?at, kvuÌ?li nimzÌ? se zpozdil zacÌ?aÌ?tek, se prÌ?idaly dva nepodarÌ?eneÌ? starty, cozÌ? zpuÌ?sobilo chaos, jakyÌ? liverpoolskyÌ? zaÌ?vod ve 154leteÌ? historii nepamatuje. Po anulovaÌ?niÌ? dostihu musejiÌ? saÌ?zkoveÌ? kancelaÌ?rÌ?e vraÌ?tit vsÌ?echny prÌ?ijateÌ? peniÌ?ze, asi 75 milioÌ?nuÌ? liber.
+
+KdyzÌ? Whitovi kraÌ?tce poteÌ? oznaÌ?mili, zÌ?e nemaÌ? procÌ? jaÌ?sat, nebotÌ? dostih byl anulovaÌ?n, s hlavou v dlaniÌ?ch nemohl verdiktu uveÌ?rÌ?it a v slzaÌ?ch tvrdil: "ZÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? znameniÌ?, zÌ?e maÌ?me zastavit, jsem nevideÌ?l."
+
+12.30 Springfield Story - amer. rodinnyÌ? seriaÌ?l (1684.) 13.20 California Clan - rodinnyÌ? seriaÌ?l USA (1007.) 14.10 NebezpecÌ?iÌ? 15.00 Smrt je jejiÌ? hobby 16.00 Hans Meiser 17.00 Kdo je tady paÌ?nem 17.30 PrÌ?iÌ?sÌ?erneÌ? milaÌ? rodina 18.00 MagaziÌ?n pro mladeÌ? 18.45 ZpraÌ?vy RTL
+
+PraÌ?vniÌ?ci v souladu s obcÌ?anskyÌ?m zaÌ?koniÌ?kem tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e minoritniÌ? vlastniÌ?ci (majiÌ? meÌ?neÌ? nezÌ? polovinu majetku) smeÌ?jiÌ? naklaÌ?dat pouze s majetkem do vyÌ?sÌ?e sveÌ?ho podiÌ?lu.
+
+Shodli se na tom prÌ?edsedoveÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ? koalicÌ?niÌ?ch stran prÌ?i sveÌ?m vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ?m jednaÌ?niÌ?. Dosud beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? vnitrostranickeÌ? "interpelace" ministruÌ? v poslaneckyÌ?ch klubech svyÌ?ch materÌ?skyÌ?ch stran budou podle VaÌ?c - lava Klause doplneÌ?ny o "krÌ?iÌ?zÌ?oveÌ? vnitrokoalicÌ?niÌ? takzvaneÌ? interpelace".
+
+20.15 LviÌ? jaÌ?ma - PanskyÌ? rÌ?idicÌ? 21.15 Bestseller - Guinessova kniha rekorduÌ? 21.50 Matky 22.35 Marie Curie - 1. cÌ?aÌ?st fr. / pol. / ital. / neÌ?m. zÌ?ivotopis. filmu, 1992 0.00 Robert Schumann
+
+televize CÌ?T 1 6.00 Studio 6 8.30 DeniÌ?k plus 9.00 ZpraÌ?vy 9.10 SneÌ?hy lonÌ?skeÌ? a starsÌ?iÌ? 10.25 KrÌ?estÌ?anskyÌ? magaziÌ?n 11.15 NAÌ?HRDELNIÌ?K (4.) - svatba, dvanaÌ?ctidiÌ?lnyÌ? cÌ?esko - neÌ?meckyÌ? koprodukcÌ?niÌ? seriaÌ?l 12.05 Pachatel neznaÌ?myÌ?, vysÌ?etrÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? pokracÌ?uje 12.35 MiniportreÌ?t J. Bulise 12.45 HitparaÌ?da mindraÌ?kuÌ?
+
+Klejch. Po pruÌ?niku PosÌ?tulky z maleÌ?ho cÌ?tverce prostrÌ?elil SÌ?imurku a rozhodl utkaÌ?niÌ?, z neÌ?hozÌ? hosteÌ? chteÌ?li bod a vsÌ?e tomu podrÌ?iÌ?dili. DomaÌ?ciÌ? v uÌ?toku byli dlouho bezradniÌ?. V prvniÌ? puÌ?li se snazÌ?ili prÌ?ekonat souperÌ?e centry do sÌ?estnaÌ?ctky, ale zÌ?aÌ?dnaÌ? z hlavicÌ?ek nebezpecÌ?naÌ? nebyla.
+
+Liberec (ousÌ?) - PrÌ?i tajneÌ?m cvicÌ?eniÌ? komplexniÌ?ho zaÌ?chranneÌ?ho systeÌ?mu v Liberci namaskovaly sestry CÌ?erveneÌ?ho krÌ?iÌ?zÌ?e figuranta tak dokonale, zÌ?e byl nalozÌ?en do vrtulniÌ?ku a prÌ?evezen do nemocnice. Figurant prÌ?edstavujiÌ?ciÌ? teÌ?zÌ?ce zraneÌ?neÌ?ho se dostal azÌ? na operacÌ?niÌ? saÌ?l.
+
+O RahmaÌ?novi se nedaÌ?vno v USA opeÌ?t hovorÌ?ilo v souvislos - ti s odhaleniÌ?m teroristickeÌ?ho spiknutiÌ? proti objektu OSN a proti politickyÌ?m osobnostem, vcÌ?etneÌ? generaÌ?lniÌ?ho tajemniÌ?ka OSN a egyptskeÌ?ho prezidenta Mubaraka. V tomto prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? jizÌ? FBI zatkl deveÌ?t muzÌ?uÌ?. Jeden ze zadrzÌ?enyÌ?ch puÌ?sobil jako RahmaÌ?nuÌ?v tlumocÌ?niÌ?k.
+
+"PojisÌ?tÌ?ovna je kapitaÌ?loveÌ? dostatecÌ?neÌ? silnaÌ? spolecÌ?nost," tvrdiÌ? JirÌ?iÌ? NovotnyÌ?. "VsÌ?e bude rÌ?esÌ?eno vnitrÌ?niÌ? puÌ?jcÌ?kou ve prospeÌ?ch KISu. CÌ?eskaÌ? pojisÌ?tÌ?ovna se tak vlastneÌ? prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m KISu stane vlastniÌ?kem cÌ?aÌ?sti portfolia, ktereÌ? prÌ?ipadaÌ? na akcie, ktereÌ? budou takto vykoupeny."
+
+23.55 LiÌ?baÌ?nky - francouz./kanad. thriller s N. Bayeovou a J. Sheaem 1.45 RepriÌ?zy MTV 8.00 ViÌ?kend MTV s UB40 11.00 Hity strÌ?iÌ?brneÌ?ho plaÌ?tna 11.30 Rap na MTV 13.30 NejnoveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? videoklipy MTV 14.00 ViÌ?kend MTV s UB40 17.00 TanecÌ?niÌ? happening se Simone
+
+Bruguera 1201609, 4. Stich 1189251, 5. Edberg 755169, 6. MedvedeÌ?v 594713, 7. Krajicek 588763, 8. Becker 557754, 9. NovaÌ?cÌ?ek 549791, 10. Chang 524429, 11. Korda 465719, 12. Muster 464796, 13.
+
+Cena jedneÌ? akcie Lanexu v nominaÌ?lniÌ? hodnoteÌ? tisiÌ?c korun je na prazÌ?skeÌ? burze v soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? 7200 korun. V prvniÌ?m kole obchoduÌ? RM - SysteÌ?mu se tyto akcie prodaÌ?valy za 5311 korun, cenoveÌ? rozpeÌ?tiÌ? pro druheÌ? kolo bylo stanoveno na 3560 azÌ? 5934 korun.
+
+Lentini havaroval a je v kritickeÌ?m stavu TuriÌ?n - CÌ?tyrÌ?iadvacetiletyÌ? zaÌ?lozÌ?niÌ?k AC MilaÌ?n a italskyÌ? reprezentant Gianluigi Lentini v noci z pondeÌ?lka na uÌ?teryÌ? havaroval se svyÌ?m vozem Porsche pobliÌ?zÌ? severoitalskeÌ?ho meÌ?sta Villafranca d ' Asti a v kritickeÌ?m stavu byl transportovaÌ?n do nemocnice v TuriÌ?neÌ?.
+
+Odbor vnitrÌ?niÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? ostravskeÌ?ho magistraÌ?tu nyniÌ? vyrÌ?izuje asi sÌ?estnaÌ?ct tisiÌ?c zÌ?aÌ?dostiÌ? SlovaÌ?kuÌ? o prÌ?ideÌ?leniÌ? cÌ?eskeÌ?ho obcÌ?anstviÌ?. Kolik z teÌ?chto zÌ?aÌ?dostiÌ? podali obcÌ?aneÌ? romskeÌ? naÌ?rodnosti majiÌ?ciÌ? v uÌ?myslu nadaÌ?le zÌ?iÌ?t v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice, vsÌ?ak pracovniÌ?ci magistraÌ?tu neveÌ?diÌ?.
+
+ZÌ?eleznyÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? zalitoval, zÌ?e SteigaufuÌ?v postup do finaÌ?le v jeho stiÌ?nu zanikne, a prozradil, zÌ?e ho boliÌ? celeÌ? teÌ?lo, ale nejviÌ?c kotniÌ?k, jak odsÌ?lapoval doleva. "CÌ?eskaÌ? atletika tuhle medaili moc potrÌ?ebovala," rÌ?ekl prÌ?edseda nasÌ?eho svazu Karel PilnyÌ?.
+
+Krupauera a dalsÌ?iÌ? prominenty prÌ?edchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?ho rezÌ?imu lze tedy i dnes soudit jen za takoveÌ? chyby, ktereÌ? by byly trestneÌ? postizÌ?itelneÌ? takeÌ? za socialismu. Krupauer pak mohl klidneÌ? prohlaÌ?sit prÌ?ed soudem, zÌ?e je-li obzÌ?aloba vyÌ?cÌ?tem vesÌ?keryÌ?ch jeho odbornyÌ?ch nedostatkuÌ?, nemaÌ? se zacÌ? stydeÌ?t.
+
+MuÌ?j naÌ?vrh neprÌ?ijal, a tak alesponÌ? doufaÌ?m, zÌ?e od naÌ?jemniÌ? smluvy odstoupiÌ? dobrovolneÌ?, "rÌ?ekl Koukal. Uvedl, zÌ?e nemuÌ?zÌ?e posuzovat, zda by meÌ?l SÌ?etina odstoupit." Jako obcÌ?an jsem vsÌ?ak jeho jednaÌ?niÌ?m velmi zklamaÌ?n, " rÌ?ekl.
+
+ZbyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ?ch necelyÌ?ch deset procent emise mohou od vcÌ?erejsÌ?ka ziÌ?skat akcionaÌ?rÌ?i IB bez omezeniÌ?. PrÌ?i velkeÌ?m zaÌ?jmu vsÌ?ak budou pozÌ?adavky kraÌ?ceny podle jejich podiÌ?lu v InvesticÌ?niÌ? bance. JelikozÌ? velciÌ? investorÌ?i hodlajiÌ? v naÌ?kupu novyÌ?ch akciiÌ? pokracÌ?ovat, drobniÌ? akcionaÌ?rÌ?i pravdeÌ?podobneÌ? jizÌ? neuspeÌ?jiÌ?.
+
+14.05 Klub kecÌ?up 14.20 TVSÌ? - V hudebniÌ? diÌ?lneÌ? - pro 1. rocÌ?. ZSÌ?, hudebniÌ? vyÌ?chova 14.40 TVSÌ? - Okruh - Hry na dopravu, pro 1. a 2. rocÌ?. ZSÌ?, dopravniÌ? vyÌ?chova 15.00 Alles Gute! (2.)
+
+19.10 VecÌ?erniÌ?cÌ?ek - A je to... 19.30 UDAÌ?LOSTI 20.05 Videostop - zaÌ?bavnaÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?niÌ? hra 20.45 SiÌ?la vuÌ?le (4.) - zaÌ?veÌ?r britskeÌ?ho tv seriaÌ?lu z roku 1989 21.40 ZpraÌ?vy 21.45 Kabaret - film USA z roku 1972 23.45 ZpraÌ?vy 23.50 Debata
+
+PouzÌ?iÌ?val se tento "nestandardniÌ?" postup i poteÌ?, co byl schvaÌ?len zaÌ?kon o velkeÌ? privatizaci? " SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ?. NaprÌ?iÌ?klad celniÌ? ochrana nemaÌ? nic spolecÌ?neÌ?ho se zaÌ?konem o velkeÌ? privatizaci. CÌ?ili i po jeho schvaÌ?leniÌ? existovaly pozÌ?adavky, ktereÌ? musely byÌ?t takovou formou garantovaÌ?ny.
+
+NejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? naÌ?ruÌ?st, sÌ?est procent, zaznamenal pruÌ?mysl gumaÌ?renskyÌ? a nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? naÌ?ruÌ?st (32 procent) vykaÌ?zal pruÌ?mysl farmaceutickyÌ?. RÌ?ekl to vcÌ?era prÌ?edseda OdboroveÌ?ho svazu chemie CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky Jan CÌ?ervenyÌ?. PrÌ?evaÌ?zÌ?naÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st exportu smeÌ?rÌ?uje na trhy EvropskeÌ?ho spolecÌ?enstviÌ?.
+
+To i prÌ?esto, zÌ?e prÌ?edseda fondu TomaÌ?sÌ? JezÌ?ek prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e FNM na tyto uÌ?cÌ?ely nebude miÌ?t dostatek peneÌ?zÌ?niÌ?ch prostrÌ?edkuÌ?. TomaÌ?sÌ? JezÌ?ek prÌ?edpoklaÌ?daÌ?, zÌ?e by z fondu bylo mozÌ?neÌ? uvolnit maximaÌ?lneÌ? deset miliard korun.
+
+7.30 Moneyline 8.00 Worldwide Update 8.30 Headline News Update 9.45 CNN Newsroom 10.00 PocÌ?asiÌ? 10.05 Studio 6 12.35 Business Morning 13.00 World News 13.30 Business Day 14.30 Business Asia 14.45 Klub kecÌ?up 15.00 Klub marmelaÌ?da 15.15 SplynutiÌ? dusÌ?iÌ?, tv hra na motivy poviÌ?dky B. BenesÌ?oveÌ?, MysÌ?ky
+
+19.40 JUMP OK 20.00 PocÌ?asiÌ? 20.10 KraÌ?lovstviÌ? divocÌ?iny (8.) 20.35 FrancouzskeÌ? sÌ?ansony (7.) 21.20 KraÌ?l umiÌ?raÌ?, slovenskaÌ? tv inscenace divadelniÌ? hry E. Ionesca 22.40 Na krÌ?iÌ?dlech veÌ?tru (7.) 23.25 ME ve volejbale zÌ?en, zaÌ?znam utkaÌ?niÌ? semifinaÌ?loveÌ? skupiny
+
+A takeÌ? se vuÌ?bec netajil tiÌ?m, zÌ?e je prÌ?ipraven podporovat i velmi tvrdeÌ? kroky, ktereÌ? by mohly poslouzÌ?it k zastaveniÌ? nebezpecÌ?neÌ? tendence. Co by vlastneÌ? vlaÌ?da mohla deÌ?lat, kdyby se ciÌ?tila dotlacÌ?ena k neliberaÌ?lniÌ?m postupuÌ?m? MzdovaÌ? regulace je jizÌ? v beÌ?hu.
+
+NasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? se mi ten mladyÌ? muzÌ? liÌ?biÌ?... " AutorskyÌ?m divadluÌ?m hroziÌ? nebezpecÌ?iÌ?, zÌ?e se jejich tvorba po cÌ?ase promeÌ?niÌ? v pouhyÌ? stereotyp bez novyÌ?ch naÌ?paduÌ?...
+
+Hub, 28. a 59. UjcÌ?iÌ?k - 2. Rousek. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: Kuba. VyloucÌ?eniÌ?: 3: 1. VyuzÌ?itiÌ?: 1: 0. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 2297. TrÌ?etiny: 1: 1, 2: 0, 3: 0. (zm)
+
+17.00 PohaÌ?rovyÌ? vyÌ?beÌ?r 17.30 ZajiÌ?mavosti z BVV 17.40 Auto - moto revue 18.30 VecÌ?erniÌ?cÌ?ek 18.40 CÌ?eskyÌ? vecÌ?erniÌ?k 19.00 DeniÌ?k 19.20 PiÌ?snicÌ?ky na rÌ?iÌ?jen 20.05 Cesty za dobrodruzÌ?stviÌ?m 20.50 Tipy TELEVIZE 21.05 Oko pohled na soucÌ?asnost, Jak se vydeÌ?laÌ?vaÌ? na duÌ?veÌ?rÌ?ivosti lidiÌ? 21.30 DeniÌ?k plus
+
+U rodin s jedniÌ?m diÌ?teÌ?tem vzroste prÌ?iÌ?jem z prÌ?iÌ?davkuÌ? podle jeho veÌ?ku o 70 azÌ? 145 procent, se dveÌ?ma deÌ?tmi o 4.6 azÌ? 51 procent.
+
+Ve strÌ?edisku jsou privaÌ?tniÌ? stomatologoveÌ?, prakticÌ?tiÌ? leÌ?karÌ?i, internista, rentgenolog, neurolog a rehabilitacÌ?niÌ? pracovisÌ?teÌ?. BrnÌ?aneÌ? zaplatiÌ? od 1. ledna za vodu viÌ?c
+
+Obec Stupni Dol, v niÌ?zÌ? zÌ?ilo na 250 obyvatel, byla napadena jednotkami HVO jako odveta za uÌ?tok MuslimuÌ? 21. rÌ?iÌ?jna proti sousedniÌ? chorvatskeÌ? obci Kupjari, z niÌ?zÌ? byli vsÌ?ichni obyvateleÌ? vyhnaÌ?ni.
+
+Branky: 24. a 41. Obajdin, 78. Jinoch - 40. a 55. Machala. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: Ondo. ZÌ?K: Koller - Hanus, Kirschbaum, VadÌ?ura, LaÌ?tal. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 4816. PolocÌ?as: 2: 1. (lg)
+
+13.30 Business Day 14.30 Business Asia 15.00 Larry King 15.20 Rhytmick 16.00 J. KrÌ?enek: Jahody na steÌ?ble traÌ?vy (1.), adaptace romaÌ?noveÌ? trilogie Valigurky z KopecÌ?ka 17.00 Trochu riskovat (2.) 17.30 RivieÌ?ra (71.)
+
+Oba jsou kvalitniÌ? hraÌ?cÌ?i, ale nebyl cÌ?as se sehraÌ?t, a tak oba spiÌ?sÌ? hraÌ?li na sebe. UrcÌ?iteÌ? by bylo lepsÌ?iÌ?, kdybych nastoupil s neÌ?kyÌ?m, koho znaÌ?m, anebo kdyby byl prÌ?ed turnajem treÌ?nink. " - Jak vidiÌ?te dalsÌ?iÌ? mozÌ?nost reprezentovat?
+
+PrÌ?eladit na zÌ?ivot USA 1987101270 PrÌ?es palubu USA 112 W 251 PrÌ?iÌ?beh z Hollywoodu USA 1982 90 U 025 PrÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itost pro sÌ?est USA 1982108 U 057 PrÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? horkaÌ? pizza USA 1985 92 L 051 PrÌ?iÌ?tel z pekla USA 1990 86 W 220 PsiÌ? zÌ?ivot USA 1990 91 U 037
+
+ODS je stlacÌ?enaÌ? udaÌ?lostmi do podoby pracujiÌ?ciÌ?ho mechanismu. NeniÌ? moc cÌ?asu veÌ?novat se stranickyÌ?m trÌ?eniciÌ?m. KazÌ?dyÌ? ve funkci musiÌ? tedÌ? pracovat naplno a realizovat rozdeÌ?leniÌ? staÌ?tu, ekonomickou reformu.
+
+8. KoptsÌ?tina je zaÌ?veÌ?recÌ?nyÌ? vyÌ?vojovyÌ? stupenÌ? egyptsÌ?tiny. V ktereÌ?m obdobiÌ? se touto rÌ?ecÌ?iÌ? v EgypteÌ? mluvilo? a) 2000 prÌ?. n. l. b) 1000 prÌ?. n. l. c) posledniÌ? stoletiÌ? prÌ?. n. l. 9.
+
+Dvorana 48 - Druh javoru SÌ?kodliviÌ? motyÌ?lci 49 - Okraj Jednot. el. napeÌ?tiÌ? 50 - JihoamerickaÌ? rÌ?eka 51 - Baviti se hrou PikeÌ? 52 - Druh leÌ?ku KocÌ?ka (expr.) 53 - Kaz DivadelniÌ? uÌ?loha 54 - Zn. stoku 55 - DverÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?veÌ?sy OseÌ?vat
+
+PozdeÌ?ji jsem zpozoroval, zÌ?e bratr meÌ? naÌ?sleduje. ProtozÌ?e jsem vyrazil saÌ?m, nemeÌ?l jsem lano ani zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? jineÌ? pomuÌ?cky. GuÌ?nter stejneÌ? tak. Byli jsme prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? mladiÌ? na to, abychom si vcÌ?as vsÌ?e rozmysleli a vraÌ?tili se, anizÌ? bychom stanuli na vrcholu.
+
+OtocÌ?iÌ?m straÌ?nku a cÌ?tu zpraÌ?vy ze zahranicÌ?iÌ?: "Smrt vojaÌ?ka OSN. Ve cÌ?tvrtek byl v Sarajevu zastrÌ?elen egyptskyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?niÌ?k jednotek OSN." PocÌ?asiÌ? se umoudrÌ?ilo. SviÌ?tiÌ? slunce a sniÌ?h rychle taje. Copak asi piÌ?sÌ?ou? " ZaÌ?veÌ?je pomalu ustupujiÌ?.
+
+Ale ovcÌ?aÌ?k, to uzÌ? dneska neniÌ? ono. TedÌ? to chce dobrmana a k tomu nejleÌ?pe lhasu apso. Dobrman hliÌ?daÌ? a lhasa apso je na mazleniÌ?. " Lhasa apso je pes, jemuzÌ? nejsou videÌ?t ocÌ?i. VsÌ?ude mu splyÌ?vaÌ? azÌ? na zem dlouhaÌ? hedvaÌ?bnaÌ? srst.
+
+CÌ?s. - neÌ?meckaÌ? firma zprostrÌ?. za niÌ?zkyÌ? poplatek seznaÌ?meniÌ? vsÌ?em (pro zÌ?eny i s muzÌ?i ze SRN). Informace na adr.: fa KRONE, P. O. BOX 37, 384 51 Zn.: Volary R - 644 STYL
+
+PrÌ?ijel jsem zpaÌ?tky do StaÌ?tuÌ? a okamzÌ?iteÌ? jsem ziÌ?skal miÌ?sto poradce v nadaci, kteraÌ? chce podporovat vyÌ?chodoevropskeÌ? nezaÌ?visleÌ? umeÌ?niÌ?. Ozve se zvuk mobilniÌ?ho telefonu. KaÌ?mosÌ? s neÌ?kyÌ?m chviÌ?li hovorÌ?iÌ?, pak se omluviÌ? a odchaÌ?ziÌ?. MindraÌ?k sladkeÌ?ho zÌ?ivota
+
+Poradil mu to otec. "Kdo viÌ?, co bude," rÌ?ekl. KdyzÌ? na Ukrajinu vpadli NeÌ?mci, bylo AntoniÌ?novi trÌ?icet sÌ?est. V teÌ? dobeÌ? uzÌ? meÌ?l cÌ?tyrÌ?i deÌ?ti. BaÌ?l se. Povolali ho na vojnu, do Svobodovy armaÌ?dy.
+
+S tou vyjemneÌ?lostiÌ?, zÌ?e souboj se nemusiÌ? odehraÌ?vat nezbytneÌ? prÌ?i koncerteÌ? a v klubu, ale azÌ? po neÌ?m neÌ?kde u vyÌ?chodu. Policie, kterou by meÌ?la tahle situace enormneÌ? zajiÌ?mat, nechaÌ?vala veÌ?tsÌ?inou chrabrÌ?e rÌ?esÌ?it situaci zameÌ?stnance klubuÌ?.
+
+PosledniÌ? kaÌ?droveÌ? zmeÌ?ny mozÌ?naÌ? o neÌ?co zvednou prestizÌ? vlaÌ?dy a jejiÌ? nejsilneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? strany. SpolecÌ?nost se vsÌ?ak bude zajiÌ?mat prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m o to, co a o kolik se zdrazÌ?ilo, a v politickeÌ? oblasti hlavneÌ? o dalsÌ?iÌ? skutky vuÌ?dce naÌ?rodniÌ?ho krÌ?iÌ?dla MDF - IstvaÌ?na Csurky.
+
+Brusel tyto staÌ?ty hodnotiÌ? en bloc jako cÌ?leny EvropskeÌ?ho sdruzÌ?eniÌ? volneÌ?ho obchodu (ESVO).
+
+V KutneÌ? HorÌ?e odhalili pameÌ?tniÌ? desku obeÌ?tem komunistickeÌ?ho teroru. SkoncÌ?il tabaÌ?kovyÌ? monopol americkeÌ? firmy Philip Morris. Ministerstvo vnitra doporucÌ?ilo vlaÌ?deÌ? zaÌ?kaz poulicÌ?niÌ? prostituce. SÌ?vyÌ?carskyÌ? vydavatelskyÌ? koncern Ringier koupil LidoveÌ? noviny. InvesticÌ?niÌ? banka pohltila PosÌ?tovniÌ? banku. V BrneÌ? se sesÌ?li ministrÌ?i financiÌ? CÌ?eska a Slovenska.
+
+Na zacÌ?aÌ?tku letosÌ?niÌ?ho listopadu DnesÌ?ek zaregistrovalo ministerstvo kultury. "DnesÌ?ek neniÌ? svyÌ?m zameÌ?rÌ?eniÌ?m regionaÌ?lniÌ? periodikum, a proto ho musel zaregistrovat centraÌ?lniÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Hana StrÌ?edovaÌ? z odboru knizÌ?niÌ? kultury MK.
+
+Po vaÌ?lce se pryÌ? opeÌ?t stali zcela normaÌ?lniÌ?mi lidmi. A proto neviÌ?m, co to vlastneÌ? do lidiÌ? vejde, jako trÌ?eba do KaradzÌ?icÌ?e, udeÌ?laÌ? z nich bestie, a pak to z nich muÌ?zÌ?e vyprchat, jako by se nic nestalo.
+
+Aby se kocÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? skupiny vyvarovaly takoveÌ?to situace a vyloucÌ?ily ze hry naÌ?hodu, rozhodly se mnoheÌ? z nich pro staÌ?leÌ?ho muzÌ?e z publika. JinyÌ?mi slovy, nyniÌ? si sveÌ?ho troubu veÌ?tsÌ?ina souboruÌ? voziÌ? s sebou. MaÌ?lokdo z verÌ?ejnosti vsÌ?ak tusÌ?iÌ?, zÌ?e je to PepuÌ?v vynaÌ?lez.
+
+PrÌ?i jednom z vyÌ?letuÌ? prochaÌ?ziÌ?me uÌ?pravnou MasaÌ?kovou Lhotou a dostaÌ?vaÌ?me se do NoveÌ?ho Dvora.
+
+Bez neÌ?ho pak nelze ziÌ?skat povoleniÌ? zÌ?ivnostenskeÌ?ho uÌ?rÌ?adu. TakzvanyÌ? druhotnyÌ? pronaÌ?jem, neboli pronajiÌ?maÌ?niÌ? naÌ?jemcem, vsÌ?ak druhyÌ? prazÌ?skyÌ? obvod trpiÌ? v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? neÌ?kteryÌ?ch vydrazÌ?enyÌ?ch provozoven, kde vydrazÌ?iteleÌ? zaplatili za peÌ?tiletyÌ? pronaÌ?jem cÌ?asto velkeÌ? sumy a pak se dostali do financÌ?niÌ? tiÌ?sneÌ?.
+
+Komplikace mohou nastat i po transplantaci, pokud kostniÌ? drÌ?enÌ? organismus neprÌ?ijme. UÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nost vsÌ?ech transplantaciÌ? kostniÌ? drÌ?eneÌ? je zhruba sÌ?edesaÌ?tiprocentniÌ?.
+
+Podrobnosti v prÌ?iÌ?loze Koruna Berlusconi docÌ?asneÌ? nebude podnikat RÌ?iÌ?m - ItalskyÌ? premieÌ?r Silvio Berlusconi vcÌ?era v RÌ?iÌ?meÌ? prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e ukoncÌ?il svoje rozsaÌ?hleÌ? podnikatelskeÌ? aktivity na tak dlouho, dokud bude v cÌ?ele vlaÌ?dy.
+
+Obce se braÌ?niÌ? lesniÌ?m pozÌ?aÌ?ruÌ?m Liberec (mag) - ProchaÌ?zky lesem jsou na Liberecku od pocÌ?aÌ?tku tohoto tyÌ?dne mozÌ?neÌ? pouze po turisticky znacÌ?enyÌ?ch cestaÌ?ch. Z duÌ?voduÌ? extreÌ?mniÌ?ho sucha a nebezpecÌ?iÌ? pozÌ?aÌ?ruÌ? vydal OkresniÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad v Liberci zaÌ?kaz vstupu do lesuÌ? celeÌ?ho okresu.
+
+Konkurence, nebo opicÌ?eniÌ?? Televize VladimiÌ?r Just PrÌ?inejmensÌ?iÌ?m stejnou meÌ?rou jako nasÌ?e politickaÌ? sceÌ?na zasluhovalo by ostreÌ? pero satirikovo i pocÌ?iÌ?naÌ?niÌ? nasÌ?ich celoplosÌ?nyÌ?ch televiziÌ?.
+
+V nasÌ?iÌ? lize hraÌ?l naposledy v roce 1989, pak puÌ?sobil trÌ?i sezony v Reipasu Lahti a posledniÌ? dveÌ? v Tappara Tampere. Na jarÌ?e, kdyzÌ? jsem po operaci menisku chodil o berliÌ?ch, jsem zacÌ?al prÌ?emyÌ?sÌ?let o tom, jestli maÌ? vuÌ?bec jesÌ?teÌ? cenu pokracÌ?ovat s hokejem.
+
+Lze sem vedle vsÌ?ech podob turistiky zarÌ?adit i jiÌ?zdu na koniÌ?ch, rybolov a rafting. Ten patrÌ?iÌ? k nejobliÌ?beÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?m a zdaleka neniÌ? omezen jen na Colorado a jeho VelkyÌ? kanÌ?on, acÌ?koliv tam je nejslavneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? a nejvyhledaÌ?vaneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?.
+
+Dokonce tak, zÌ?e oba autorÌ?i povazÌ?ujiÌ? ve svyÌ?ch explikaciÌ?ch za prvorÌ?adeÌ? zduÌ?vodnit naÌ?zory jinyÌ?ch i svyÌ?mi vlastniÌ?mi. ProcÌ? proÌ?zy vydaÌ?vat jesÌ?teÌ? dnes, kdyzÌ? sama realita, z niÌ?zÌ? vychaÌ?zejiÌ?, uzÌ? pominula?
+
+Na zacÌ?aÌ?tku 80. let tato pozoruhodnaÌ? osobnost cÌ?eskeÌ?ho i sveÌ?toveÌ?ho alpinismu inspirovala vznik Festivalu horolezeckyÌ?ch filmuÌ?. Po jubilejniÌ?m 10. rocÌ?niÌ?ku v roce 1991 nastala pauza, kteraÌ? letos skoncÌ?ila diÌ?ky spolupraÌ?ci rÌ?ady firem a organizaciÌ?. Miroslav SÌ?miÌ?d se vsÌ?ak obnoveniÌ? tradice nedozÌ?il.
+
+Pro naÌ?vrh hlasovalo 61 senaÌ?toruÌ?, proti jich bylo 38. NaÌ?vrh, kteryÌ? uvolnÌ?uje na boj se zlocÌ?innostiÌ? 30 miliard dolaruÌ?, byl jizÌ? prÌ?edtiÌ?m schvaÌ?len SneÌ?movnou reprezentantuÌ? a nyniÌ? bude zaslaÌ?n do BiÌ?leÌ?ho domu k podpisu prezidentu Clintonovi.
+
+Rozvinul se zmatenyÌ? dialog. PrÌ?edseda: Vy jste poviÌ?dal, '...' zÌ?e jste ji znal od videÌ?niÌ?. Hilsner: OvsÌ?emzÌ?e jsem ji neÌ?kdy mohl videÌ?t nebo potkat na ulici, ale neveÌ?deÌ?l jsem, zÌ?e se jmenuje AnezÌ?ka HruÌ?zovaÌ?.
+
+PrvniÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? klaÌ?niÌ? o rozpocÌ?et Novely zaÌ?konuÌ? by meÌ?ly zlepsÌ?it fungovaÌ?niÌ? orgaÌ?nuÌ? samospraÌ?vy Praha (mrk) - PoprveÌ? se vcÌ?era vlaÌ?da na sveÌ?m zasedaÌ?niÌ? zabyÌ?vala naÌ?vrhem staÌ?tniÌ?ho rozpocÌ?tu pro rok 1995.
+
+K. Biedenkopf patrÌ?iÌ? k teÌ?m nemaÌ?lo politikuÌ?m, kterÌ?iÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?ed sjednoceniÌ?m NeÌ?mecka prÌ?esÌ?li bez prÌ?eziÌ?ravosti a arogance ze zaÌ?padu na vyÌ?chod. Profesor Biedenkopf ovsÌ?em patrÌ?iÌ? k baronuÌ?m uvnitrÌ? CDU, k teÌ?m silnyÌ?m osobnostem vedouciÌ? strany vlaÌ?dniÌ? koalice, ktereÌ? se z kancleÌ?rÌ?ova okoliÌ? postupneÌ? vytratily.
+
+KdyzÌ? jsem pak hovorÌ?il s dcerou, uvedla, zÌ?e jiÌ? matka cenzuruje znaÌ?meÌ?, sÌ?kolu si vybrala na naÌ?tlak matky a hudebniÌ? koncerty koncÌ?iÌ? obvykle v deset vecÌ?er, domuÌ? tedy nestihne prÌ?ijiÌ?t vcÌ?as. SÌ?tvalo ji, zÌ?e se o ni matka hrozneÌ? bojiÌ?.
+
+Kc2 cÌ?erneÌ? peÌ?sÌ?ce zadrzÌ?el. Hledejte rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? Dnes jsme zarÌ?adili na zkousÌ?ku trojtahovou uÌ?lohu. Je to proto, zÌ?e ocÌ?ekaÌ?vaÌ?me vasÌ?e dopisy k nasÌ?iÌ? uÌ?vaze o navaÌ?zaÌ?niÌ? na uÌ?lohovou sÌ?achovou rubriku LidoveÌ? demokracie. ZadaÌ?niÌ? teÌ?to uÌ?lohy SÌ?ach 33 je: biÌ?lyÌ? na tahu daÌ? mat trÌ?etiÌ?m tahem.
+
+SpojeniÌ? ochrany hospodaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?e a ochrany spotrÌ?ebitele do jedneÌ? instituce je z hlediska federaÌ?lniÌ? komise velmi duÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?, protozÌ?e v obou prÌ?iÌ?padech jde o stejnyÌ? ciÌ?l - aby trh fungoval co nejleÌ?pe.
+
+NeÌ?ktereÌ? dokumenty kostnickeÌ?ho koncilu se totizÌ? nezachovaly.
+
+DeÌ?lit strÌ?edniÌ? CÌ?echy chce jen ODS Praha (hasÌ?) - Ze vsÌ?ech parlamentniÌ?ch klubuÌ? pouze ODS podporuje naÌ?vrh rozdeÌ?lit strÌ?edniÌ? CÌ?echy do viÌ?ce celkuÌ?.
+
+O SparteÌ? toho moc neviÌ?m, prÌ?iznaÌ?vaÌ? jejiÌ? novyÌ? treneÌ?r JuÌ?rgen Sundermann Praha (sÌ?v) - KlidneÌ? kritizujte, pisÌ?te, zÌ?e hrajeme pod psa, zÌ?e jsem sÌ?patnyÌ? treneÌ?r, zÌ?e meÌ? majiÌ? vyhodit, na to maÌ?te jako novinaÌ?rÌ?i praÌ?vo.
+
+NechybiÌ? ani pohled do vlastniÌ? diÌ?lny. CÌ?tenaÌ?rÌ? chtivyÌ? literaÌ?rneÌ? historickeÌ?ho poucÌ?eniÌ? nacÌ?erpaÌ? z knihy nejen informace o blizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?ch okolnostech, za kteryÌ?ch vznikala neÌ?kteraÌ? Zweigova diÌ?la, nyÌ?brzÌ? se zaÌ?rovenÌ? seznaÌ?miÌ? i s autorovyÌ?mi naÌ?zory na neÌ?, s jeho hodnoceniÌ?m vlastniÌ?ch deÌ?l.
+
+Po dovoleneÌ? se prosteÌ? nevracejiÌ? na zaÌ?kladnu. ArmaÌ?da se dosud braÌ?niÌ? tomu, pojmenovat tuto situaci naplno jako dezerci a pokousÌ?iÌ? se o vysveÌ?tlovaciÌ? kampanÌ?. Ani ministr obrany Joe Modise, ani jeho naÌ?meÌ?stek Ronnie Kasrils, oba byÌ?valiÌ? vuÌ?dci MK, v prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? neuspeÌ?li.
+
+Do prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?ho parlamentu budu volit stranu, kteraÌ? si i tento bod daÌ? do programu. ZlocÌ?iny komunismu zacÌ?aly na NeÌ?mciÌ?ch. Potom jdeÌ?me daÌ?l.
+
+Cena akcie byla v objednaÌ?vkoveÌ?m obdobiÌ? stanovena na 165 frankuÌ?. StaÌ?t si ponechaÌ? majoritniÌ?ch 50.51 % akciiÌ?. Konec krize v odveÌ?tviÌ? naÌ?kladniÌ?ch automobiluÌ? ohlaÌ?sila tento tyÌ?den sÌ?veÌ?dskaÌ? automobilka Volvo.
+
+KraÌ?tce PrÌ?iÌ?znaky Alzheimerovy nemoci, nevyleÌ?cÌ?itelneÌ?ho onemocneÌ?niÌ? mozku, ktereÌ? zpuÌ?sobuje senilniÌ? demenci, zjistili leÌ?karÌ?i u byÌ?valeÌ?ho prezidenta SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ? Ronalda Reagana. Podle losangeleskyÌ?ch leÌ?karÌ?uÌ? 83letyÌ? Reagan trpiÌ? ranyÌ?m stadiem teÌ?to choroby mozku. PrezidentskeÌ? volby a referendum o uÌ?staveÌ? v TaÌ?dzÌ?ikistaÌ?nu jsou platneÌ?.
+
+VsÌ?e s ohledem na to, od naÌ?s proteÌ?jsÌ?ek ocÌ?ekaÌ?vaÌ?. 2. O svyÌ?ch nedostatciÌ?ch nikdo nemluviÌ? raÌ?d, ale neÌ?kdy neniÌ? vyhnutiÌ?. Proto je vzÌ?dy lepsÌ?iÌ? prÌ?iznat, co neumiÌ?me.
+
+Rozsah produktuÌ?, ktereÌ? jednotliveÌ? fondy svyÌ?m uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?m mohou nabiÌ?zet, je daÌ?n zaÌ?konem. PovoleniÌ? zatiÌ?m ziÌ?skalo od ministerstva financiÌ? 12 penzijniÌ?ch fonduÌ?.
+
+MadÌ?arsko zrychluje svuÌ?j rozvoj BritskeÌ? Financial Times porÌ?aÌ?dajiÌ? v BudapesÌ?ti konferenci na teÌ?ma Investice v MadÌ?arsku.
+
+Na veslarÌ?skou draÌ?hu to maÌ?m ovsÌ?em pouhyÌ?ch deset kilometruÌ?. Otec mi volbu potvrdil. Kondici maÌ?m z beÌ?zÌ?ek, na techniku pryÌ? dohleÌ?dne a ono to sÌ?lo. JezdiÌ?val jsem dvojku, tedÌ? treÌ?nuji skif a uvidiÌ?m, jakeÌ?ho naleznu partnera.
+
+Branky: 9. NovotnyÌ?, 28. Hogen, 57. Berger, 61. SuchopaÌ?rek, 85. Maier (vlastniÌ?). RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: Maurer. ZÌ?K: Lerch - HyskyÌ?, KocÌ?iÌ?, JanaÌ?cÌ?ek. CÌ?K: 21. HyskyÌ?. DivaÌ?ci: 8446.
+
+Za odiÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? a obuv utratily beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? rodiny meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ? 300 korun, zatiÌ?mco domaÌ?cnosti s minimaÌ?lniÌ?mi prÌ?iÌ?jmy 158 KcÌ?. SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ? ve vyÌ?dajiÌ?ch tohoto druhu vedou maminky. Ty vydaly za sveÌ? odeÌ?vy meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?neÌ? okolo 100 korun, tatiÌ?nkoveÌ? 61 KcÌ?.
+
+CÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ady pokutovaly a vypoveÌ?deÌ?ly prÌ?es stovku cizincuÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? se pokusili lovit vzaÌ?cneÌ? ptaÌ?ky na export.
+
+MozÌ?naÌ? to vsÌ?echno trochu zavinil i text Indolence, kdyzÌ? byl prÌ?ecÌ?ten v urcÌ?ityÌ?ch kruziÌ?ch - ale trÌ?eba mi to napoviÌ?daÌ? pouze maÌ? hnusnaÌ? jesÌ?itnost.
+
+ZaÌ?kon o zÌ?ivotniÌ?m minimu stanoviÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stky, ktereÌ? jsou povazÌ?ovaÌ?ny v urcÌ?iteÌ? dobeÌ? za potrÌ?ebneÌ? k zajisÌ?teÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?kladniÌ?ch zÌ?ivotniÌ?ch potrÌ?eb.
+
+Alberto - 90. Luke), La CorunÌ?a - Real Zaragoza 1: 1 (45. Bebeto - 51. Poyet) ad Hokej 1.
+
+A nejde zde jen o praniÌ? sÌ?pinavyÌ?ch peneÌ?z. Jak prÌ?iznal v projevu prÌ?ed parlamentem italskyÌ? premieÌ?r Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, AlbaÌ?nie se staÌ?vaÌ? pro mafiaÌ?ny gigantickyÌ?m prÌ?ekladisÌ?teÌ?m v obchodu s palnyÌ?mi zbraneÌ?mi a vyÌ?busÌ?ninami. MnoheÌ? z nich pak putujiÌ? daÌ?le na uÌ?zemiÌ? byÌ?valeÌ? JugoslaÌ?vie.
+
+Brno - ViÌ?tkovice 1: 0 DomaÌ?ciÌ? vyrazili ke sveÌ? prvniÌ? jarniÌ? vyÌ?hrÌ?e uzÌ? od uÌ?vodniÌ?ho hvizdu sudiÌ?ho. Holomek dvakraÌ?t minul, Wagner jizÌ? trefil tycÌ? a MaleÌ?rÌ? ve 26. minuteÌ? miÌ?rÌ?il do siÌ?teÌ? - 1: 0.
+
+HolaÌ? miÌ?sta se spraÌ?vce snazÌ?iÌ? zasypaÌ?vat smeÌ?siÌ? piÌ?sku s hliÌ?nou, ale podle obraÌ?nce HanaÌ?kuÌ? Romana PivarniÌ?ka tiÌ?m hraÌ?cÌ?uÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? nepomaÌ?haÌ?. "UjiÌ?zÌ?diÌ? to pod nohama a baloÌ?n na hrbolech skaÌ?cÌ?e. PrÌ?i skluzech se naviÌ?c cÌ?loveÌ?k hrozneÌ? sedrÌ?e," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?.
+
+Sulka. IV.: 1. Gay Devil (VaÌ?nÌ?a), 2. Dajal, 3. Bastien. V.: 1. Baddellios (Kub), 2. La Manche, 3. Garibaldi. VI.: 1.
+
+Do uzaÌ?veÌ?rky tohoto vydaÌ?niÌ? nebyl vyÌ?sledek schuÌ?zky znaÌ?m. Bosna - vzpomiÌ?nka na Mnichov NaÌ?zory strana 6 Ministr financiÌ? Ivan KocÌ?aÌ?rniÌ?k nebyl vcÌ?era prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? sdiÌ?lnyÌ? - na jednaÌ?niÌ? ekonomickyÌ?ch ministruÌ? prÌ?isÌ?el, kvuÌ?li zubarÌ?skeÌ?mu zaÌ?kroku, pozdeÌ?ji Foto Robert ZlatohlaÌ?vek - LN
+
+11. -13.1. - Dave ; v 17 a 19.30 hod. ZliÌ?n: DruzÌ?ba: - SledovaÌ?niÌ?, USA ; v 17 a 19.30 hod. - KveÌ?ten: 7. -9.1. # NeÌ?kdo se diÌ?vaÌ?, USA ; 11. -13.1.
+
+Mnoha NovotneÌ?ho postrÌ?ehuÌ?m nelze nedat za pravdu (Z. FryÌ?bovaÌ?, P. Kohout, M. Nezval ani K. SyÌ?s skutecÌ?neÌ? v posledniÌ? dobeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? neprÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?ili...).
+
+SkrÌ?iÌ?paÌ?niÌ? veÌ?tviÌ?.
+
+Nic ve sveÌ? knize nezjednodusÌ?uje, spiÌ?sÌ?e naopak - zduÌ?raznÌ?uje slozÌ?itost kazÌ?deÌ? cÌ?asoveÌ? omezeneÌ? situace, kazÌ?deÌ?ho politickeÌ?ho kroku i necÌ?ekaneÌ? rozpory mezi zaÌ?meÌ?ry politikuÌ? a skutecÌ?nyÌ?mi vyÌ?sledky.
+
+"JaÌ? nemohu ani rÌ?iÌ?ci, zÌ?e rozumiÌ?m sobeÌ?, sveÌ?mu vlastniÌ?mu zÌ?ivotu. Ani tusÌ?eniÌ?." K sobeÌ? dokaÌ?zal byÌ?t velmi uprÌ?iÌ?mnyÌ? ;
+
+Dnes, kdy kultura dvojnaÌ?sob roste, zaujiÌ?maÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? a veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? pocÌ?et jedincuÌ?, meÌ?la by miÌ?ti u naÌ?s ochrana pamaÌ?tek zcela jizÌ? sveÌ? zajisÌ?teÌ?neÌ? zaÌ?ruky ve vsÌ?ech krajiÌ?ch republiky. BohuzÌ?el, citu neniÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? s dostatek.
+
+Jako cÌ?ervenaÌ? nitÌ? se jiÌ? taÌ?hne touha po poznaÌ?niÌ? sveÌ?ta z co nejviÌ?ce straÌ?nek. Proto Kerouac strÌ?iÌ?daÌ? zameÌ?stnaÌ?niÌ?, prÌ?icÌ?emzÌ? daÌ?vaÌ? prÌ?ednost teÌ?m, prÌ?i nichzÌ? maÌ? mozÌ?nost cestovat.
+
+MeÌ?stskaÌ? policie zabavila uzÌ? asi sto padesaÌ?t neokolkovanyÌ?ch kartoÌ?nuÌ? cigaret. NaÌ?meÌ?stek rÌ?editele meÌ?stskeÌ? policie FrantisÌ?ek BiÌ?lek rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e straÌ?zÌ?niÌ?ci beÌ?hem uplynulyÌ?ch dnuÌ? zkontrolovali v Praze 164 prodavacÌ?uÌ?. CÌ?eskaÌ? obchodniÌ? inspekce spolu s celniÌ?ky a policisty odhalila ve strÌ?edu v
+
+LaÌ?zneÌ? 900 0.0 7.2 3 LeÌ?cÌ?. LaÌ?z. JaÌ?chym. 475 4.6 7.1 3 LIAZ Jablonec/N. 454 -9.9 99.0 4 Liber. vzd. zaÌ?v. 700 6.1 18.9 2 Liberta MeÌ?lniÌ?k 243 -10.0 1.2 4 LikeÌ?rka PlzenÌ? 3600 -6.6 133.2 3
+
+Dagard (SÌ?veÌ?d.) 6119, 3. Blondel (Fr.) 6084, 4.
+
+A dokonce ani soucÌ?asnaÌ? bratislavskaÌ? vlaÌ?da nemuÌ?zÌ?e jiÌ?t v jednaÌ?niÌ?ch s Prahou o mnoho daÌ?le nezÌ? za hranice domluv o ulehcÌ?eniÌ? obchodu. NemaÌ? totizÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? maneÌ?vrovaciÌ? prostor.
+
+HrÌ?ivna, 3. Hinakia, II.: 1. La Manche (SmoliÌ?k), 2. Jobisdun, 3. Gay Ireland, III.: 1. Lord Anitas (Fiala), 2. Canasta, 3.
+
+Eloi, 83. Dehu - 47. Meszoly), Auxerre - Nantes 3: 1 (30. Baticle, 35. Verlaat z pok. kopu, 70. Cocard - 24. Ferri). 1.
+
+OdmiÌ?tnutiÌ? nevadiÌ?, duÌ?vody vsÌ?ak ano co si o tom mysliÌ?me OdmiÌ?tnutiÌ? nevadiÌ?, duÌ?vody vsÌ?ak ano SvorneÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? tenistek Jany NovotneÌ? a Heleny SukoveÌ? nehraÌ?t letosÌ?niÌ? PohaÌ?r federace, nejvyÌ?znamneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? souteÌ?zÌ? zÌ?enskyÌ?ch druzÌ?stev, neniÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dnou naÌ?rodniÌ? trageÌ?diiÌ?.
+
+7. Vratimov 22 8 5 9 24: 30 21 8. KarvinaÌ? 22 8 3 11 23: 27 19 9. Slezan FM 21 6 6 9 19: 21 18 10. OrlovaÌ? 22 6 6 10 33: 40 18 11.
+
+O tom, jak by se na cÌ?eskou pomoc diÌ?vali ChorvateÌ?, kdyby otevrÌ?eli krabice se zaÌ?livkou ocÌ?ividneÌ? zkazÌ?enou, radeÌ?ji nemyslet.
+
+S tiÌ?mto seznamem v ruce pak saÌ?m zalozÌ?il vlastniÌ? firmu a na ziÌ?skaneÌ? adresy rozeslal dopis, zÌ?e nabiÌ?dkovyÌ? bulletin puÌ?vodniÌ? agentury zanikl, ale zÌ?e jeho firma tuto sluzÌ?bu plneÌ? nahradiÌ?. ZaÌ?rovenÌ? rozeslal i objednaÌ?vkovyÌ? list.
+
+OrganizaÌ?torÌ?i musiÌ? kazÌ?dorocÌ?neÌ? spoustu zaÌ?jemcuÌ? odmiÌ?tnout. Letos poprveÌ? pustili do konvoje statecÌ?nyÌ?ch i dveÌ? zÌ?eny. Ty veÌ?rÌ?iÌ?, zÌ?e koncem tohoto tyÌ?dne doraziÌ? mezi muzÌ?i do ciÌ?le. Do sveÌ?raciÌ? kazajky ho nespoutali OSOBNOST PRO FOTBALOVEÌ? MISTROVSTVIÌ? SVEÌ?TA: ROBERTO BAGGIO
+
+Praha - Liga haÌ?zenkaÌ?rÌ?ek, utkaÌ?niÌ? o sestup: StrÌ?esÌ?ovice - SÌ?varc Praha 19: 20 (7: 11). BreÌ?my - TuS Walle BreÌ?my - Spectrum BudapesÌ?tÌ? 24: 21 (12: 12), odvetneÌ? finaÌ?le PVP v haÌ?zeneÌ? zÌ?en.
+
+Manila - OzbrojeniÌ? muslimoveÌ? vcÌ?era na ostroveÌ? Basilan na jizÌ?niÌ?ch FilipiÌ?naÌ?ch unesli 22 cÌ?lenuÌ? ciÌ?rkevniÌ? sÌ?koly, vesmeÌ?s ucÌ?itelky, a podle informaciÌ? uÌ?rÌ?edniÌ?kuÌ? miÌ?stniÌ? spraÌ?vy 15 z nich zastrÌ?elili.
+
+2 5.5 8 0.0 8 0.0 40 SÌ?roubaÌ?rna Turnov 436397361 0.0 7 10.0 7 0.0 7 0.0 0 SÌ?teÌ?r. a piÌ?s. Vesel 0 451 4.5 8 0.0 8 0.0 5 45.5 10 SÌ?umstav CÌ?. Kruml. 0 0 0 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 0
+
+KULTURNIÌ? DUÌ?M KOPRÌ?IVNICE: 28. 6. v 19.30 VecÌ?er s JirÌ?iÌ?m SovaÌ?kem, 29. 6. v 19.30 LUBOSÌ? POSPIÌ?SÌ?IL A BOHUMIL ZATLOUKAL: VZDAÌ?LENAÌ? TVAÌ?RÌ? (koncert)
+
+Lovochemie 157 LucÌ?ebniÌ? zaÌ?vody KoliÌ?n 176 MAGNET 402 MAGNETON 825 Masna KromeÌ?rÌ?iÌ?zÌ? 183 Masna StudenaÌ? 222 Maso PlanaÌ? 108 MasokombinaÌ?t Kladno 194 Masospol 143 MasozaÌ?vod KrahulcÌ?iÌ? 427 Mechaniz. zaÌ?vod Dobrovic 558 Medicamenta 580 Metaz 1520 MILETA 169 MILPA 509 Miton 352 MleÌ?kaÌ?rna Hradec KraÌ?loveÌ? 491 MleÌ?kaÌ?rna Klatovy 223
+
+po nich na letosÌ?ek pozÌ?adoval VeÌ?tsÌ?ina meÌ?st a obciÌ? v okoliÌ? Ostravy dala dopravniÌ?mu podniku meÌ?neÌ? peneÌ?z, nezÌ? po nich na letosÌ?ek pozÌ?adoval
+
+12.50 JE TAM NEÌ?KDO?, americkyÌ? dokument 13.45 Bienvenue en France 25. 14.15 ZÌ?ivot po zÌ?ivoteÌ?, americkyÌ? dokument 15.15 EvropskeÌ? rodinneÌ? saÌ?gy, Adresa 6115 - 12615 15.45 OdpoledniÌ? univerzita 17.00 Megamix, hudebniÌ? magaziÌ?n 17.45 VecÌ?erniÌ?cÌ?ek 18.00 Spotlight 3.
+
+Po klidneÌ? noci vcÌ?era pokracÌ?ovaly boje mezi severojemenskyÌ?mi uÌ?tocÌ?niÌ?ky a jihojemenskyÌ?mi obraÌ?nci prÌ?iÌ?stavniÌ?ho meÌ?sta Adenu. Boje vypukly cÌ?asneÌ? raÌ?no miÌ?stniÌ?ho cÌ?asu v okoliÌ? Dar Saadu, asi 10 kilometruÌ? na sever od centra Adenu.
+
+8. etapu cyklistickeÌ?ho zaÌ?vodu PoryÌ?niÌ?m - FalciÌ? vyhraÌ?l Vansevenant z Belgie, celkoveÌ? vede Francouz Vasseur. Pod vlivem alkoholu rÌ?iÌ?dil vuÌ?z a byl zatcÌ?en Rudy Tomjanovich, treneÌ?r viÌ?teÌ?ze NBA Houston Rockets. Firma Porsche se chce vraÌ?tit do F 1 s novyÌ?m, desetivaÌ?lcovyÌ?m motorem.
+
+Elli (It.) -3: 39, 3. Lino (Fr.) -3: 39, 4. Conti (It.) -3: 41, 5. Virenque (Fr.) -4
+
+EvropskaÌ? inflace je vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? americkaÌ? a japonskaÌ? Brusel - PruÌ?meÌ?rnaÌ? rocÌ?niÌ? inflace EvropskeÌ? unie (EU) cÌ?inila letos v cÌ?ervnu 3.2 procenta. JejiÌ? uÌ?rovenÌ? zuÌ?stala jizÌ? cÌ?tvrtyÌ? meÌ?siÌ?c za sebou beze zmeÌ?ny. NejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? inflaci vykaÌ?zala podle prÌ?edbeÌ?zÌ?nyÌ?ch uÌ?dajuÌ? Francie s 1.8 procenta.
+
+Paolo Berlusconi, kteryÌ? pracoval ve vedouciÌ? funkci v bratroveÌ? holdingu Fininvest, bude obzÌ?alovaÌ?n z korupce.
+
+SkrÌ?iÌ?tek, 29. -31. HotyÌ?lek v srdci Evropy, 1. -2. BlaÌ?znivyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?beÌ?h Robina Hooda, 3. PrÌ?epadeniÌ? ve vzduchu. JAROMEÌ?RÌ? - SveÌ?t: 1. -3. AljasÌ?ka v plamenech. JIHLAVA - VysocÌ?ina: dovolenaÌ?, Sokol: 31. -3.
+
+ZZN v BerouneÌ? 0 0 0 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 0 ZZN v Chrudimi 0 0 0 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 0 ZZN v HodoniÌ?neÌ? 0 0 0 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 8 0.0 0 ZZN v Hr.
+
+NemaleÌ? financÌ?niÌ? ztraÌ?ty puÌ?sobiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lcuÌ?m takeÌ? podmiÌ?tka a orba vyschleÌ? a ztvrdleÌ? puÌ?dy. LubosÌ? VlcÌ?ek rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e v neÌ?kteryÌ?ch oblastech stoupne spotrÌ?eba nafty prÌ?i zpracovaÌ?niÌ? takoveÌ? puÌ?dy azÌ? o trÌ?etinu. Nejednou se posÌ?kodiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskeÌ? stroje.
+
+DesetiprocentniÌ? sleva u barevnyÌ?ch fotografiiÌ? formaÌ?tu 9 x 13 cm. VyvolaÌ?niÌ? filmuÌ? s naÌ?lepkou FOTOLAB je zdarma.
+
+10.00 Dynastie (28) 10.50 MeÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ? svit (24) 11.40 Chcete naÌ?s? 12.00 4 x Ayrton Senna (3), o pilotovi F1 12.30 Tak jde cÌ?as (81) 13.15 Hardcastle & McCormick (5), americkyÌ? seriaÌ?l
+
+PrÌ?edstaveniÌ? je ponorÌ?eno do sÌ?era a stiÌ?nuÌ?. CheÌ?reaus se spolehl na modelovaÌ?niÌ? vztahuÌ? mezi figurami, a ucÌ?inil tak raÌ?zneÌ? azÌ? drsneÌ?.
+
+BanskaÌ? Bystrica padla 27. rÌ?iÌ?jna 1944. Rudolf Viest a JaÌ?n Golian padli 3. listopadu 1944 do neÌ?meckeÌ?ho zajetiÌ? a zahynuli v NeÌ?mecku. SNP se uÌ?cÌ?astnilo prÌ?es 60000 vojaÌ?kuÌ? slovenskeÌ? armaÌ?dy, viÌ?ce nezÌ? 8000 zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch bojovniÌ?kuÌ? a kolem 7000 partyzaÌ?nuÌ?.
+
+AC Sparta Praha fotbal, bude prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? tyÌ?den s nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? pravdeÌ?podobnostiÌ? daÌ?n stavebniÌ?m uÌ?rÌ?adem pro Prahu 7 souhlas k uzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? stavby, jiÌ?zÌ? je zrekonstruovanyÌ? fotbalovyÌ? stadioÌ?n Sparty na LetneÌ?. To znamenaÌ?, zÌ?e by se mohlo zde uzÌ? 9. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? hraÌ?t derby Sparta - Slavia.
+
+Birir (KenÌ?a) 3: 58, 94, 110 m prÌ?.: 1. Jackson (Brit.) 13.03 , 2. McKoy (Rak.) 13.16 , 400 m prÌ?.: 1. Tverdochleb (Ukr.) 49.29 , 2.
+
+11. Frankfurt 4 1 2 1 5: 6 4 12. M ' gladbach 4 1 2 1 5: 6 4 13. KoliÌ?n n. R. 4 1 2 1 5: 8 4 14. Uerdingen 4 0 3 1 2: 4 3
+
+Co z toho vyplyÌ?vaÌ? - rozpadne se Kanada, druhaÌ? nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? zemeÌ? sveÌ?ta? Pokud by se tak stalo, zapadlo by jejiÌ? rozdeÌ?leniÌ? do scheÌ?mat z byÌ?valeÌ?ho SoveÌ?tskeÌ?ho svazu, z byÌ?valeÌ? JugoslaÌ?vie... a takeÌ? z byÌ?valeÌ?ho CÌ?eskoslovenska.
+
+"SouperÌ?ky uzÌ? asi ve druheÌ?m kole tolik nemohly, jaÌ? naopak jela porÌ?aÌ?d stejneÌ?," komentovala svuÌ?j vyÌ?kon NeumannovaÌ?. " Byl to zaÌ?vod pravdy, s dost velkou sportovniÌ? uÌ?rovniÌ?, naÌ?rocÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? neÌ?jakaÌ? kriteÌ?ria po rovineÌ?.
+
+cÌ?tyrÌ?iceti vaÌ?lecÌ?nyÌ?ch obeÌ?tiÌ?. Na uÌ?zemiÌ? staÌ?tu se za druheÌ? sveÌ?toveÌ? vaÌ?lky pohybovalo asi tisiÌ?c italskyÌ?ch vojaÌ?kuÌ?, vesmeÌ?s zajatcuÌ? wehrmachtu. Jen asi peÌ?t procent z nich bojovalo po boku neÌ?meckeÌ? armaÌ?dy. UÌ?rÌ?ad chce zkoumat vyhlaÌ?sÌ?ku z Pardubic i kvuÌ?li volbaÌ?m
+
+O viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? Slavie nad Kladnem rozhodlo ovsÌ?em jineÌ? vyloucÌ?eniÌ?. KladenskyÌ? Ton dostal peÌ?t minut za hrubyÌ? faul u hrazeniÌ?. Zezadu atakoval teÌ?lem uzÌ? klecÌ?iÌ?ciÌ?ho slaÌ?vistickeÌ?ho hraÌ?cÌ?e, kteryÌ? poteÌ? narazil hlavou do mantinelu.
+
+19.00 ZpraÌ?vy, pocÌ?asiÌ? 19.20 Santa Barbara 20.10 TAKEÌ? ANDEÌ?LEÌ? JEDIÌ? FAZOLE, it. akcÌ?niÌ? filmovaÌ? komedie 22.20 Sport, pocÌ?asiÌ? 22.30 ZABIJAÌ?CI, krimifilm USA 0.05 Servis CKP 0.35 Superchannel VsÌ?ichni dobrÌ?iÌ? duchoveÌ? a umeÌ?lkyneÌ? Meredith MonkovaÌ?
+
+ShoviÌ?vaveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? listy piÌ?sÌ?iÌ? o "triumfu nahoty", "obsceÌ?nniÌ?m sÌ?mrncu" a "lascivniÌ? eleganci". NechybeÌ?jiÌ? ani uÌ?vahy o smyslu tohoto prÌ?edvaÌ?deÌ?niÌ? teÌ?la. ZÌ?ena se uzÌ? nespokojuje se zastrÌ?enou svuÌ?dnostiÌ?, na rÌ?adu prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? styl pozÌ?iÌ?racÌ?ky muzÌ?uÌ?.
+
+M. O. D.: Devolution (gl) NAPALM DEATH: Fear, Emptiness, Despair (gl) OBITUARY: World Demise (gl) ORGANIZATION: The Organization (gl) PRO - PAIN: The Truth Hurts (gl)
+
+ZaÌ?rovenÌ? byl vyrozumeÌ?n, zÌ?e od cÌ?ervna dostaÌ?val rentu neopraÌ?vneÌ?neÌ?, a upozorneÌ?n na to, zÌ?e prÌ?eplatek na neÌ?m bude vymaÌ?haÌ?n. "Kde tedÌ? vezmu peniÌ?ze na to, abych to vraÌ?til, opravdu neviÌ?m," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? osameÌ?le zÌ?ijiÌ?ciÌ? invalida.
+
+V seznamu volicÌ?uÌ? podle jejich miÌ?sta narozeniÌ? figuruje 71 staÌ?tuÌ?, od USA, Haiti, CÌ?iÌ?ny azÌ? po Rumunsko.
+
+DOSTIHY Praha - HlavniÌ? dostih - MemoriaÌ?l Josefa SÌ?acha na 2214 m pro trÌ?iÌ?leteÌ? a starsÌ?iÌ? koneÌ? - vyhraÌ?l ve VelkeÌ? Chuchli LudviÌ?k v sedle s zÌ?okejkou Neslerovou. VyÌ?sledky: I.: 1. Irish Sprinter (HlavatyÌ?), II.: 1.
+
+Dojem z azÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? industrializovaneÌ? zemeÌ? vsÌ?ak napraviÌ? KjoÌ?to, ktereÌ? letos slaviÌ? dvanaÌ?ct stoletiÌ? sveÌ? existence. PuÌ?ldruhamilionoveÌ? meÌ?sto je obklopeno nejen horami, ale takeÌ? rÌ?adou starobylyÌ?ch chraÌ?muÌ?.
+
+Jeho pozice vsÌ?ak neniÌ? jednoznacÌ?naÌ? a bezprobleÌ?movaÌ?. Podle Sampiera Gaviniho, prÌ?edsedy tenisoveÌ?ho svazu Lotrinska, bude Noah muset byÌ?t k dispozici cÌ?asteÌ?ji nezÌ? nyniÌ? prÌ?i sveÌ?m volneÌ?m zpuÌ?sobu zÌ?ivota. MusiÌ? najiÌ?t cÌ?as k vyÌ?konu sveÌ? funkce, cozÌ? prÌ?edstavuje nejmeÌ?neÌ? patnaÌ?ct azÌ? dvacet tyÌ?dnuÌ? rocÌ?neÌ?.
+
+RadniÌ? vsÌ?ak toto narÌ?cÌ?eniÌ? odmiÌ?tli. "Radnice chce ukaÌ?zat, zÌ?e podnikateleÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? nebudou poslouchat, dopadnou jako jaÌ?," uvedl podnikatel.
+
+18.45 PRÌ?IJEL K NAÌ?M CIRKUS, dokument 19.10 VecÌ?erniÌ?cÌ?ek 19.30 UdaÌ?losti 20.08 JEDNOHO DNE ZAKLEPESÌ? U MYÌ?CH DVERÌ?IÌ? (1), italskyÌ? film 21.35 CÌ?eskaÌ? soda 21.55 O 106 22.35 ZpraÌ?vy 22.50 PostrÌ?ehy K. Kyncla, O slozÌ?itosti sveÌ?ta 22.55 Chobotnice IV.
+
+Na tom neniÌ? nic sÌ?patneÌ?ho. HotelieÌ?rÌ?i a restaurateÌ?rÌ?i vsÌ?ak na nich prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? nevydeÌ?lajiÌ?. TvrdiÌ?m, zÌ?e pokud do zemeÌ? prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? spousta mladyÌ?ch lidiÌ?, trÌ?eba s batohem na zaÌ?dech, pak je to zemeÌ? s velkou turistickou budoucnostiÌ?.
+
+ZnacÌ?neÌ? prÌ?ekvapeniÌ? zazÌ?ila pocÌ?aÌ?tkem rÌ?iÌ?jna ve francouzskeÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?stavu Calais prÌ?i nalodÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? na trajekt do Doveru Dana NovaÌ?cÌ?kovaÌ? z Prahy.
+
+Rojas z Venezuely vyhraÌ?l v BogoteÌ? po dvanaÌ?cti kolech nad Kolumbijcem Mendozou a udrzÌ?el si titul mistra sveÌ?ta v peÌ?roveÌ? vaÌ?ze WBA. TrÌ?i body za viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? zavedou od prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? sezony i BelgicÌ?aneÌ?. NovyÌ? systeÌ?m je letos zkousÌ?en ve druheÌ? lize. golf
+
+PrÌ?i vsÌ?ech uÌ?vahaÌ?ch a rozhorÌ?cÌ?eniÌ?ch o trestech pro autory pornografie i jejich tiskarÌ?e postraÌ?daÌ?m tu nejpodstatneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? otaÌ?zku: Kde byli rodicÌ?e na pocÌ?aÌ?tku toho vsÌ?eho? Jan Hofta, Opava MOC DRAHEÌ? DAÌ?LNICÌ?ENKY
+
+PREMIEÌ?RA TV 6.30 Superchannel 8.00 ZpraÌ?vy NBC 8.35 Calimero 9.00 Candy (31) 9.30 Servis pro seniory 10.00 Santa Barbara 10.45 PrÌ?iÌ?zÌ?ivniÌ?ci meÌ?lcÌ?in (51) 11.15 Klub PremieÌ?ry 11.45 TenkraÌ?t v Kalifornii 13.10 S. O. S. 16.10 Kudy? Kam? 16.40 Zima v Rakousku
+
+Byla to azÌ? absurdniÌ? symbioÌ?za, ale prÌ?ezÌ?ila dodnes. MuÌ?j otec vzÌ?dycky rÌ?iÌ?kal: Co Bohu, Bohu. Co staÌ?tu, staÌ?tu. A cÌ?lenstviÌ? ve straneÌ? se chaÌ?palo jako povinnost vuÌ?cÌ?i staÌ?tu.
+
+ZbyÌ?vaÌ? pohled zvenku. Kapitola nadepsanaÌ? REALISTEÌ?: TechnickyÌ? redaktor by k takoveÌ?mu titulku asi jen stroze dopsal: "Viz kapitola PesimisteÌ?." MozÌ?naÌ? by meÌ?l pravdu. RESUMEÌ?: SLOVENSKO (DO) DNES
+
+MeÌ?l jsem tak strasÌ?nou treÌ?mu, zÌ?e jsem prÌ?i premieÌ?rÌ?e v Disku zkolaboval, " vzpomiÌ?naÌ? komik LUDEÌ?K SOBOTA (50), notoricky populaÌ?rniÌ? z filmovyÌ?ch komediiÌ? a prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m z divadla Semafor. Moc komicky se u teÌ?chto slov netvaÌ?rÌ?il.
+
+12.35 - Vytahuji z kapsy tibetskyÌ? zvonek a zvoniÌ?m. 12.40 - CÌ?iÌ?sÌ?niÌ?k prÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? pitiÌ? a rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?, zÌ?e se omlouvaÌ?. 12.45 - ServiÌ?rka prÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? poleÌ?vku. Na dotaz, kdy bude dalsÌ?iÌ? jiÌ?dlo, odpoviÌ?daÌ?, zÌ?e to nemuÌ?zÌ?e veÌ?deÌ?t.
+
+BeÌ?hem dlouheÌ? seÌ?rie proveÌ?rek odhalila CÌ?eskaÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskaÌ? a potravinaÌ?rÌ?skaÌ? inspekce benzen, toluen a xylen. A ke sveÌ?mu prÌ?ekvapeniÌ? takeÌ? ftalaÌ?ty! OjedineÌ?le se vyskytly takeÌ? v rumu a fernetu, kam se uvolnily z naÌ?teÌ?ruÌ? skladovaciÌ?ch tankuÌ?.
+
+KOMU CÌ?OUHAÌ? SLAÌ?MA Z BOT Kdo je VladimiÌ?r PaÌ?ral (62) dnes? MuzÌ?, kteryÌ? probleÌ?my, jezÌ? prÌ?ed spisovatele staviÌ? nejen nejistaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?tomnost tohoto stavu, ale i minulost prÌ?ipomiÌ?najiÌ?ciÌ? stareÌ? moraÌ?lniÌ? dluhy, vyrÌ?esÌ?il jednodusÌ?e.
+
+SPZ Dun. Stredy Citosl. prÌ?ekvapeniÌ? SPZ Chebu Citosl. cvaknutiÌ? PohaÌ?neÌ?niÌ? 4. DIÌ?L TAJENKY Cesty letadlem TenkaÌ? Vrboun posvaÌ?tnyÌ? X OCET (Reflex 15/94) Sonda Jany KasaloveÌ? o deÌ?tech hrajiÌ?ciÌ?ch v cÌ?eskeÌ? reklameÌ?
+
+Jazz byl doplneÌ?n literaturou, divadlem, vyÌ?tvarnyÌ?m umeÌ?niÌ?m. A samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? rockem. LEGENDA CÌ?. 1: PRAZÌ?SKEÌ? JAZZOVEÌ? DNY
+
+Ten posledniÌ? provedl zacÌ?aÌ?tkem dubna v severoizraelskeÌ? Afule. Zahynulo prÌ?i neÌ?m sedm lidiÌ?. Jedeme daÌ?l. K AbrahamoveÌ? mesÌ?iteÌ?.
+
+Pro meÌ? to byla vcelku exaktniÌ? zaÌ?lezÌ?itost. ExaktniÌ?? U kazÌ?deÌ? veÌ?ci, kterou cÌ?tu, jsem schopen vysveÌ?tlit, procÌ? ji tak cÌ?tu. Ale vysveÌ?tlit to mohu jen tomu, kdo uzÌ? o tom neÌ?co viÌ?. Jako v kazÌ?deÌ?m oboru.
+
+Chlapci s exotickyÌ?mi uÌ?cÌ?esy si ve filmu Total Balalajka Show zahraÌ?li i s populaÌ?rniÌ?mi Alexandrovci. Foto archiÌ?v Pascal Gregory a Miguel Bose nicÌ?iÌ? slicÌ?nou Isabellu Adjaniovou v noveÌ?m francouzskeÌ?m historickeÌ?m cajdaÌ?ku KraÌ?lovna Margot Foto LUC ROUX, SYGMA
+
+2. VzrusÌ?ujiÌ? vaÌ?s kraÌ?sneÌ? zÌ?eny (muzÌ?i) na plaÌ?zÌ?i? a) samozrÌ?ejmeÌ?, a nijak to netajiÌ?te b) ano, ale nechaÌ?vaÌ?te si to pro sebe c) srovnaÌ?vaÌ?te je s partnerem (partnerkou) a zjisÌ?tÌ?ujete, zÌ?e nejsou o nic lepsÌ?iÌ? 3.
+
+JedniÌ?m z podstatnyÌ?ch je naÌ?meÌ?stek ministra spravedlnosti JUDr. Cyril Svoboda. V roce ' 91 pracoval ve vlaÌ?deÌ? pod miÌ?stoprÌ?edsedou MiklosÌ?kem. S Chadimovou se znali.
+
+3. MysliÌ?te, zÌ?e ta vaÌ?lka maÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? neÌ?jakyÌ? dopad na dnesÌ?ek? (Davle, u pomniÌ?cÌ?ku, kde je prÌ?es padesaÌ?t jmen padlyÌ?ch z let 1914 - -18.) Petr AntonÌ?, 27 let, systeÌ?movyÌ? technik: - PrvniÌ? sveÌ?tovaÌ? vaÌ?lka?
+
+Ani tenisteÌ? ze SÌ?tvanice nejsou vyÌ?jimkou - - smlouva na letosÌ?niÌ? sezoÌ?nu jim prÌ?inesla dva milioÌ?ny korun. Proto dnes uzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? noveÌ? jmeÌ?no, cÌ?iÌ?mzÌ? zajistiÌ? "HarvarduÌ?m" jistou publicitu i v tisku, naviÌ?c nosiÌ? i logo firmy na sveÌ?m oblecÌ?eniÌ?.
+
+CÌ?aÌ?st peneÌ?z majiÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? schovanou, na prÌ?ilepsÌ?enou, nemusiÌ? tak myslet na kazÌ?dou korunu. Ale jinak se peniÌ?ze rozplynuly, jsou prycÌ? ; k zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? radikaÌ?lniÌ? promeÌ?neÌ? zÌ?ivota nedosÌ?lo. PANIÌ? EMIÌ?LIE PODRUHEÌ?
+
+Jest dvojiÌ?: obycÌ?ejnyÌ? a sÌ?vyÌ?carskyÌ?. JmeÌ?nem extrait dabsinth jest puÌ?vod praveÌ?ho absintu naznacÌ?en ;
+
+Nikam pospiÌ?chat nemusiÌ?. NezÌ? definitivneÌ? otevrÌ?e pomneÌ?nkoveÌ?, lehce sesÌ?ikmeneÌ? ocÌ?i, protahuje se chviÌ?li ve vyhrÌ?aÌ?teÌ? perÌ?ineÌ?. Pak na sebe navleÌ?kne sportovniÌ? oblecÌ?ek a vybeÌ?hne do bliÌ?zkeÌ?ho parku. " Na diety moc nejsem. DrÌ?iÌ?v jsem se v restauraci nacpala sviÌ?cÌ?kovou nebo veprÌ?ovyÌ?m.
+
+"Tady je o neÌ?m vsÌ?echno. Chci mu to ukaÌ?zat. MysliÌ?te, zÌ?e tohle mohl neÌ?kde videÌ?t?" zeptal se. IGNORANTI A RUTINEÌ?R KonecÌ?neÌ? je tu trÌ?ikraÌ?t odlozÌ?enaÌ? tiskovka... JenomzÌ?e o PeleÌ?m uzÌ? bylo vsÌ?echno napsaÌ?no.
+
+Martin vyciÌ?til svoji zÌ?ivotniÌ? sÌ?anci. DiÌ?ky jemu se ze sentimentaÌ?lniÌ?ho Klecandova romaÌ?nu, uchvacujiÌ?ciÌ?ho srdce nevinnyÌ?ch diÌ?vek, stal sniÌ?mek, kteryÌ? se diÌ?ky sveÌ? specifickeÌ? filmoveÌ? symbolice zarÌ?adil vedle Erotikonu Gustava MachateÌ?ho.
+
+Dnes zÌ?ije uzÌ? devaÌ?tyÌ? rok v Praze a na vystoupeniÌ?ch po hotelovyÌ?ch klubech vaÌ?m prÌ?etrhne na pozÌ?aÌ?daÌ?niÌ?, na co si vzpomenete. Svou asistentku, slecÌ?nu Reginu, potkal ve FrantisÌ?kovyÌ?ch LaÌ?zniÌ?ch. SeznaÌ?mili se v cukraÌ?rneÌ?. Nemohla vylusÌ?tit krÌ?iÌ?zÌ?ovku.
+
+V soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? je JirÌ?iÌ? Vlach miÌ?stoprÌ?edsedou ODS a miÌ?stoprÌ?edsedou organizacÌ?niÌ?ho vyÌ?boru PoslaneckeÌ? sneÌ?movny Parlamentu. - " NejstrucÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? odpoveÌ?dÌ? na otaÌ?zku, co se tady za teÌ?ch peÌ?t let zmeÌ?nilo, je: skoro vsÌ?echno. RozviÌ?jiÌ? se obcÌ?anskaÌ? spolecÌ?nost ve svobodnyÌ?ch pomeÌ?rech, neexistuje politickaÌ? perzekuce.
+
+Jeden znaÌ?myÌ? mu jako znalci prÌ?inesl ochutnat teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? devadesaÌ?tiprocentniÌ? destilaÌ?t z Moravy. Jonathan trochu vypil a dodnes na to maÌ? prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?erneÌ? vzpomiÌ?nky. RÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?: "NeÌ?kolik dniÌ? jsem se baÌ?l kourÌ?it, abych se nevzniÌ?til."
+
+NezanedbaÌ?vaÌ?m ani sportovniÌ? akce. MaÌ?m pocit, zÌ?e je to absolutneÌ? prÌ?irozeneÌ?, a jsem raÌ?d, zÌ?e cÌ?eskaÌ? verÌ?ejnost maÌ? sklon vniÌ?mat tyto aktivity pozitivneÌ?. CÌ?astokraÌ?t mozÌ?naÌ? mnohem pozitivneÌ?ji nezÌ? verÌ?ejnost slovenskaÌ?.
+
+TakovyÌ? se totizÌ? nemocnici nemusiÌ? vyplatit. KompletniÌ? vybaveniÌ? jednoho luÌ?zÌ?ka anesteziologicko - resustitacÌ?niÌ?ho oddeÌ?leniÌ? (ARO) prÌ?ijde zhruba na milioÌ?n korun, jeho provoz stojiÌ? denneÌ? prÌ?es deset tisiÌ?c. NezÌ? se podarÌ?iÌ? ozÌ?ivit zaÌ?kladniÌ? zÌ?ivotniÌ? funkce, skaÌ?cÌ?e kolem pacienta trÌ?eba peÌ?t leÌ?karÌ?uÌ? a deset sester.
+
+TajemnyÌ? prostor VycÌ?erpaÌ?vaÌ? se cÌ?innost inspekce nicÌ?eniÌ?m iluziÌ? o cÌ?eskeÌ? sÌ?kole, nebo maÌ?te jesÌ?teÌ? jinyÌ? ciÌ?l? MaÌ?m uÌ?plneÌ? jinou prÌ?edstavu. S niÌ? jsem se prÌ?ihlaÌ?sil do konkursu, byl jsem jmenovaÌ?m, a tak prÌ?edpoklaÌ?daÌ?m, zÌ?e podobnou prÌ?edstavu maÌ? i ministerstvo.
+
+"BratrÌ?i z mokreÌ? cÌ?tvrti" zatiÌ?m nepopiÌ?rajiÌ?, zÌ?e alkohol byÌ?vaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?inou psychickyÌ?ch poruch. Alkoholismu se ale podle nich nemusiÌ? baÌ?t ten, kdo umiÌ? piÌ?t.
+
+A tady jsme u prvniÌ?ho probleÌ?mu, kteryÌ? cÌ?ekaÌ? na novou vlaÌ?du: podstatneÌ? sniÌ?zÌ?it staÌ?tniÌ? vyÌ?daje na sociaÌ?lniÌ? uÌ?cÌ?ely, jezÌ? pravice rok prÌ?ed volbami vysÌ?roubovala na uÌ?rovenÌ? 30 % hrubeÌ?ho domaÌ?ciÌ?ho produktu, cozÌ? je po SÌ?veÌ?dsku nejviÌ?ce v EvropeÌ?. MACIEJ SZYMANOWSKI 20.06.94 str. 13
+
+PraÌ?veÌ? v tomto duchu se nesla vystoupeniÌ? Borise Jelcina ve SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tech - atÌ? uzÌ? v New Yorku prÌ?ed ValnyÌ?m shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?niÌ?m OSN, tak ve Washingtonu prÌ?i setkaÌ?niÌ? s prezidentem Clintonem. Demokracie versus strategie
+
+NezameÌ?stnanost RomuÌ? (asi 30 %) podle odhadu viÌ?ce nezÌ? dvakraÌ?t prÌ?evysÌ?uje celostaÌ?tniÌ? pruÌ?meÌ?r. PrÌ?es nesporneÌ? uÌ?speÌ?chy lze program z pocÌ?aÌ?tku sÌ?edesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let povazÌ?ovat za uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nyÌ? jen cÌ?aÌ?stecÌ?neÌ?.
+
+SluhoveÌ? rezÌ?imu MinulyÌ? rezÌ?im potrÌ?eboval dostat soudce, jako ostatneÌ? kazÌ?deÌ?ho, pod kontrolu. SnazÌ?il se, aby si kazÌ?dyÌ? alesponÌ? trochu usÌ?pinil ruce. Soudci byli soustavneÌ? vychovaÌ?vaÌ?ni a cvicÌ?eni v neuÌ?cteÌ? k praÌ?vu, kterou nedokonale maskovali formaÌ?lniÌ? poslusÌ?nostiÌ? k psanyÌ?m zaÌ?konuÌ?m.
+
+MadÌ?arsko devalvuje BUDAPESÌ?TÌ? - MadÌ?arskaÌ? naÌ?rodniÌ? banka (NBH) od 3. ledna 1995 devalvuje forint vuÌ?cÌ?i kosÌ?i zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch meÌ?n o 1.4 procenta. Uvedla to agentura Reuter s odvolaÌ?niÌ?m na zpraÌ?vu NBH.
+
+PrÌ?ehleÌ?dnout totizÌ? nelze ani razantniÌ? pruÌ?nik cÌ?eskeÌ?ho kapitaÌ?lu na slovenskyÌ? trh, napsal SÌ?tefan MistriÌ?k. UÌ?vahy o absolutniÌ?m trestu O uÌ?myslu slovenskeÌ? vlaÌ?dy premieÌ?ra VladimiÌ?ra MecÌ?iara obnovit trest smrti se zmiÌ?nil v rozhovoru s redaktorem zmiÌ?neÌ?neÌ?ho deniÌ?ku ministr spravedlnosti SR Jozef LisÌ?cÌ?aÌ?k.
+
+PrÌ?i neuÌ?cÌ?asti nemocnyÌ?ch V. Korunky a K. NeumannoveÌ? skoncÌ?ili hluboko v poli porazÌ?enyÌ?ch. V zaÌ?vodeÌ? muzÌ?uÌ? na 15 km klasickou technikou startovalo 109 beÌ?zÌ?cuÌ? z 22 zemiÌ?, mezi nimizÌ? z elitniÌ? spolecÌ?nosti chybeÌ?l jen SÌ?veÌ?d Morgen.
+
+Splatnost uÌ?veÌ?ru je azÌ? dvacet let od jeho poskytnutiÌ?. UÌ?rokovaÌ? sazba se nyniÌ? sjednaÌ?vaÌ? jako pevnaÌ? azÌ? do 31. brÌ?ezna 1996 ve vyÌ?sÌ?i 9.75 % rocÌ?neÌ?.
+
+PraktickeÌ? ukoncÌ?eniÌ? dodaÌ?vek analogovyÌ?ch spojovaciÌ?ch a prÌ?enosovyÌ?ch systeÌ?muÌ? bylo, kromeÌ? rÌ?ady dalsÌ?iÌ?ch provozniÌ?ch, technickyÌ?ch a ekonomickyÌ?ch duÌ?voduÌ?, hlavniÌ?m motivem zaÌ?meÌ?ru komplexniÌ? obmeÌ?ny zÌ?eleznicÌ?niÌ?ho telekomunikacÌ?niÌ?ho systeÌ?mu systeÌ?mem digitaÌ?lniÌ?m.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?prava dokumentuÌ? bude konzultovaÌ?na s VyÌ?chodem Velvyslanec FrancouzskeÌ? republiky v Praze M. Benoit d ' Aboville prohlaÌ?sil na vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ?m setkaÌ?niÌ? s novinaÌ?rÌ?i, zÌ?e Francie povazÌ?uje v dobeÌ? sveÌ?ho prÌ?edsednictviÌ? v EU pokracÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? procesu prÌ?ipojovaÌ?niÌ? zemiÌ? strÌ?edniÌ? a vyÌ?chodniÌ? Evropy k unii za jeden z hlavniÌ?ch uÌ?koluÌ?.
+
+BRATISLAVA - KontroverzniÌ? projekt dostavby jaderneÌ? elektraÌ?rny Mochovce se podle ankety CÌ?TK teÌ?sÌ?iÌ? prÌ?iÌ?zni teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? vsÌ?ech politickyÌ?ch sil zastoupenyÌ?ch v NR SR (s vyÌ?jimkou Strany zelenyÌ?ch).
+
+To, co se v OsveÌ?timi odehraÌ?lo, znamenaÌ? vrchol zla, jehozÌ? byli lideÌ? schopni. Ministr zahranicÌ?iÌ? Klaus Kinkel prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e z NeÌ?mecka uzÌ? nikdy nesmiÌ? vzejiÌ?t antisemitismus, rasovaÌ? nenaÌ?vist a vaÌ?lka.
+
+U prÌ?evaÌ?zÌ?neÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?kuÌ? se jednalo o kraÌ?tkodobeÌ? pobyty bez prÌ?enocovaÌ?niÌ?, pocÌ?et cizincuÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? vloni prÌ?ijeli za uÌ?cÌ?elem turistiky, se podle odhadu odborniÌ?kuÌ? vloni pohyboval kolem 16 milioÌ?nuÌ?.
+
+tenis NehrajiÌ?ciÌ? kapitaÌ?n cÌ?eskeÌ?ho daviscupoveÌ?ho tyÌ?mu Vladislav SÌ?avrda urcÌ?iÌ? definitivniÌ? nominaci na utkaÌ?niÌ? 1. kola proti ItaÌ?lii v Neapoli dnes vecÌ?er. ZatiÌ?m je nejpravdeÌ?podobneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?, zÌ?e ve dvouhraÌ?ch nastoupiÌ? DosedeÌ?l a Vacek a ve cÌ?tyrÌ?hrÌ?e dvojice Suk - Damm nebo Suk - Vacek. hokej
+
+RozhodcÌ?iÌ? nasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? zklidnil hraÌ?cÌ?e a o vyÌ?trzÌ?niÌ?ky se postarali policisteÌ? i domaÌ?ciÌ? borci, ktereÌ? rozvaÌ?sÌ?neÌ?naÌ? bojuÌ?vka prÌ?ece jen poslechla... Zcela odlisÌ?nyÌ? pruÌ?beÌ?h meÌ?lo uÌ?terniÌ? strÌ?etnutiÌ? Slavie s ViÌ?tkovicemi. Oba tyÌ?my sehraÌ?ly bez nadsaÌ?zky vyÌ?bornyÌ? hokej, kde nebylo miÌ?sto na souboj taktiky.
+
+Jazyk i vyÌ?klad zaÌ?konuÌ? by meÌ?l byÌ?t jasnyÌ? a jednoznacÌ?nyÌ?. CÌ?esÌ?tina je bohataÌ? i pruzÌ?naÌ?, v tomto prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? vsÌ?ak (ne vlastniÌ? vinou) i neprÌ?esnaÌ?. Lze litovat i prÌ?ekladatele nasÌ?ich originaÌ?lniÌ?ch zaÌ?konuÌ?, jak pracneÌ? budou jejich text tlumocÌ?it do jinyÌ?ch jazykuÌ?.
+
+- vydaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? cÌ?asopisu PrÌ?ehled prÌ?edpisuÌ? EvropskyÌ?ch spolecÌ?enstviÌ?, kde jsou zverÌ?ejnÌ?ovaÌ?ny cÌ?laÌ?nky i prÌ?edpisy uklaÌ?daneÌ? jednotlivyÌ?mi orgaÌ?ny EU, - vydaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? periodickyÌ?ch a neperiodickyÌ?ch publikaciÌ? o prÌ?edpisech EU, - podporu vyÌ?chovy vzdeÌ?laÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? a osveÌ?ty v oblasti harmonizace prÌ?edpisuÌ?,
+
+V KyrgyzstaÌ?nu rozhodne azÌ? druheÌ? kolo BISÌ?KEK - NedeÌ?lniÌ? prvniÌ? kolo parlamentniÌ?ch voleb v KyrgyzstaÌ?nu rozhodlo o obsazeniÌ? jen trÌ?inaÌ?cti ze sto peÌ?ti parlamentniÌ?ch krÌ?esel. O zbytku rozhodne druheÌ? kolo 19. uÌ?nora.
+
+U 25 akciovyÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ? FNM navrhne, aby veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? pocÌ?et tzv. zlatyÌ?ch akciiÌ?, uvedenyÌ?ch v rozhodnutiÌ? o privatizaci neÌ?kteryÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ?, byl nahrazen pouze jedniÌ?m kusem tohoto druhu akcie. ZbyleÌ? akcie budou rovneÌ?zÌ? schvaÌ?leny na prodej na verÌ?ejneÌ?m trhu.
+
+V opacÌ?neÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? by privatizace nesplnila uÌ?cÌ?el. PrÌ?epravniÌ? trh PrÌ?epravniÌ? trh naÌ?kladniÌ? dopravy je zaÌ?vislyÌ? na vyÌ?robeÌ?. Pokud neniÌ? zbozÌ?iÌ? vyrobeno a prodaÌ?no, nemuÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t prÌ?epraveno.
+
+CÌ?asopis pozÌ?aÌ?dal osm sÌ?picÌ?kovyÌ?ch odborniÌ?kuÌ? z nezaÌ?vislyÌ?ch vyÌ?zkumnyÌ?ch uÌ?stavuÌ?, bank a poradenskyÌ?ch firem ze trÌ?iÌ? evropskyÌ?ch zemiÌ? a USA, aby zhodnotili perspektivy hospodaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ?ho vyÌ?voje pro letosÌ?ek i do roku 2000. KazÌ?dyÌ? z nich meÌ?l "oznaÌ?mkovat" nulou azÌ? deseti body prÌ?edpoklaÌ?danyÌ? vyÌ?voj v teÌ?chto staÌ?tech.
+
+V rozhovoru pro HN to uvedl byÌ?valyÌ? prÌ?edseda prÌ?edstavenstva a generaÌ?lniÌ? rÌ?editel SPT Telecom JirÌ?iÌ? Makovec. JedniÌ?m z hlavniÌ?ch duÌ?voduÌ? pro rozhodnutiÌ? o vstupu zahranicÌ?niÌ?ho partnera do Telecomu bylo vyÌ?hodneÌ? ziÌ?skaÌ?niÌ? financÌ?niÌ?ch prostrÌ?edkuÌ?.
+
+Za cÌ?tvrteÌ? - cementu na vybranyÌ?ch stavbaÌ?ch nebude nikdy dost a ztraÌ?ty staÌ?tu z plyÌ?tvaÌ?niÌ? budou vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? uÌ?spory dosazÌ?eneÌ? regulaciÌ?. Za paÌ?teÌ? - deformovanaÌ? cena cementu bude veÌ?st k deformovaneÌ? strukturÌ?e stavebniÌ?ch investic a naÌ?sledneÌ? stavebniÌ?ch kapacit.
+
+LeÌ?karÌ?i i pacienti by se proto prÌ?i prÌ?echodu na monokomponentniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?pravky nemeÌ?li dostat do probleÌ?muÌ?, kteryÌ? z nich pouzÌ?iÌ?t.
+
+DalsÌ?iÌ? skupiny vyÌ?robkuÌ? budou naÌ?sledovat od roku 1996. VyÌ?vozce musiÌ? veÌ?deÌ?t, zÌ?e tuto znacÌ?ku nenahrazuje jakeÌ?koliv schvaÌ?leniÌ? v nasÌ?ich zkusÌ?ebnaÌ?ch a bez niÌ? je prodej urcÌ?enyÌ?ch vyÌ?robkuÌ? v zemiÌ?ch EU nelegaÌ?lniÌ?.
+
+MeÌ?sto s teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? 13 tisiÌ?ci obyvateli spravuje 1470 bytuÌ?. ZÌ?adateluÌ? eviduje 340. PlzenÌ? se 177 tisiÌ?ci obyvateli potrÌ?ebuje asi 400 novyÌ?ch bytuÌ? rocÌ?neÌ?, domniÌ?vaÌ? se primaÌ?tor ZdeneÌ?k Prosek. V majetku meÌ?sta je teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? 24 tisiÌ?c bytuÌ?, z nichzÌ? se uvolnÌ?uje zhruba 200 bytuÌ? rocÌ?neÌ?.
+
+v minuleÌ?m tyÌ?dnu) kin za viÌ?kend 1. (-) Playgirls I Planfilm 1 6384567 2. (1) Junior Lucernafilm 2 7256814 3. (-) Maska Q Film 1 1150898 4. (2) Frankenstein Falcon 3 4143637 5.
+
+13. V. PlzenÌ? 6 2 10 15: 28 20 14. Bohemians 5 3 10 21: 31 18 15. Drnovice 5 2 11 16: 31 17 16. BenesÌ?ov 3 3 12 14: 33 12
+
+ChristopheruÌ?v pokus odblokovat jednaÌ?niÌ? JERUZALEÌ?M - Ministr zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch veÌ?ciÌ? SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ? Warren Christopher vcÌ?era ukoncÌ?il jednaÌ?niÌ? s izraelskyÌ?m premieÌ?rem Jicchakem Rabinem a odleteÌ?l zpeÌ?t do DamasÌ?ku. AmerickyÌ? ministr zahranicÌ?iÌ? prÌ?ileteÌ?l do DamasÌ?ku v nedeÌ?li pozdeÌ? vecÌ?er ze SauÌ?dskeÌ? AraÌ?bie. PrÌ?edtiÌ?m navsÌ?tiÌ?vil Egypt a Izrael.
+
+KliÌ?cÌ?ovyÌ?m probleÌ?mem ucÌ?nÌ?ovskeÌ?ho sÌ?kolstviÌ? je zajistit jeho financovaÌ?niÌ?
+
+b 87.7 88.0 88.9 90.0 91.3 93.9 97.6 98.9 99.5 100.0 92.6 101.6 102.9 102.3 PotravinaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ? c 104.6 105.6 107.6 108.7 109.7 112.1 112.8 113.1 114.1 113.9 109.3 113.9 115.0 114.5 zbozÌ?iÌ? d1 99.9 100.2 101.3 102.5 104.0 106.9 111.2 112.7 113.3 113.9 105.5
+
+S O U L - ProtekcionistickaÌ? opatrÌ?eniÌ? soulskeÌ? vlaÌ?dy umozÌ?nÌ?ujiÌ? rychlyÌ? rozvoj jihokorejskeÌ?ho automobiloveÌ?ho pruÌ?myslu.
+
+Michael Jordan ale prÌ?ipousÌ?tiÌ?, zÌ?e zaÌ?sadniÌ? obrat bude trvat neÌ?kolik let.
+
+PolitickeÌ? ciÌ?le hospodaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ?ho programu ODA jsou proto zameÌ?rÌ?eny na dveÌ? oblasti: 1.
+
+JednotliveÌ? naÌ?rodniÌ? spolecÌ?nosti jsou propojeny holdingovou spolecÌ?nostiÌ? s centraÌ?lou v ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ?i. Kolegium neschvaÌ?lilo HolecÌ?kuÌ?v zaÌ?veÌ?r
+
+"S nasÌ?imi odbeÌ?rateli jsme prakticky prÌ?estali spolupracovat," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? vyÌ?robniÌ? naÌ?meÌ?stek Karel HoraÌ?cÌ?ek (jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?ed trÌ?emi lety umiÌ?stila Eska na nasÌ?em trhu celou svoji produkci). "MaÌ?me velkyÌ? zaÌ?jem o cÌ?eskyÌ? trh, ale musiÌ?me ziÌ?skat solidniÌ? zaÌ?kazniÌ?ky."
+
+Ale mezitiÌ?m se situace zmeÌ?nila: podstatneÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? vyÌ?znam nezÌ? samy devizoveÌ? intervence maÌ? spraÌ?vnaÌ? hospodaÌ?rÌ?skaÌ? politika, kteraÌ? je musiÌ? "kryÌ?t zezadu", majiÌ?-li miÌ?t uÌ?speÌ?ch.
+
+Z toho cÌ?tyrÌ?i ziÌ?skalo Aero a jeden spolecÌ?nost British Aerospace, uvedl Z. ChalupniÌ?k. Do konce roku maÌ? skoncÌ?it certifikace podnikoveÌ?ho systeÌ?mu podle zaÌ?padoevropskyÌ?ch norem a pak bude Aero "schopno vyraÌ?beÌ?t jakeÌ?koliv leteckeÌ? zbozÌ?iÌ? pro kazÌ?dou zemi NATO".
+
+VyÌ?prask jsme vzali rozumneÌ? s tiÌ?m, zÌ?e tak sÌ?patneÌ? uzÌ? hraÌ?t v dalsÌ?iÌ?ch utkaÌ?niÌ?ch nemuÌ?zÌ?eme. NaviÌ?c jsem veÌ?rÌ?il, zÌ?e asponÌ? jedno strÌ?etnutiÌ? ve ZliÌ?neÌ? vyhrajeme.
+
+VyÌ?stavba podniku s nejnoveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? technologiiÌ? zacÌ?ne v roce 1996 a rocÌ?niÌ? vyÌ?roba dosaÌ?hne azÌ? 100 milioÌ?nuÌ? drÌ?eveÌ?nyÌ?ch tuzÌ?ek. SÌ?anghajskyÌ? podnik vznikl prÌ?ed viÌ?ce nezÌ? puÌ?lstoletiÌ?m a jeho produkce se prodaÌ?vaÌ? v 72 zemiÌ?ch ; prÌ?edloni byl privatizovaÌ?n jako prvniÌ? v odveÌ?tviÌ?.
+
+Tento vyÌ?voj prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m ovlivnil dovoz elektrÌ?iny ze zahranicÌ?iÌ?. ProbiÌ?hajiÌ?ciÌ? jednaÌ?niÌ? s a. s. CÌ?EZ jizÌ? naznacÌ?ujiÌ?, zÌ?e uhelneÌ? spolecÌ?nosti letos nasÌ?emu nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?mu vyÌ?robci elektrÌ?iny prodajiÌ? meÌ?neÌ? paliva, nezÌ? puÌ?vodneÌ? prÌ?edpoklaÌ?daly. VyÌ?voz elektrÌ?iny klesl
+
+DruhaÌ? varianta se lisÌ?iÌ? pouze tiÌ?m, zÌ?e posledniÌ?ch peÌ?t procent ziÌ?skaÌ? Clarion, spolecÌ?nost zalozÌ?enaÌ? managementem SÌ?kody Praha. TrÌ?etiÌ? projekt navrhuje 34 procent pro CÌ?EZ a 20 procent pro Clarion.
+
+CÌ?asto si steÌ?zÌ?ujeme na neprÌ?ejiÌ?cnost sveÌ?ta vuÌ?cÌ?i nasÌ?emu mladeÌ?mu staÌ?tu. NeprÌ?ispiÌ?vaÌ?me k niÌ? praÌ?veÌ? touto nasÌ?iÌ? rozpolcenostiÌ? sami? ProcÌ? SNS svyÌ?mi extreÌ?mniÌ?mi kroky podraÌ?zÌ?iÌ? nohy sveÌ?mu silneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?mu koalicÌ?niÌ?mu partnerovi? - napsal JuÌ?lius GembickyÌ?. K lepsÌ?iÌ?mu obrazu SR napomuÌ?zÌ?e zaÌ?kon
+
+V nedaÌ?vnyÌ?ch dnech prohlaÌ?sil ruskyÌ? vicepremieÌ?r Anatolij CÌ?ubajs, zÌ?e za prvniÌ? cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? roku 1995 vzrostla peneÌ?zÌ?niÌ? masa v Rusku o pouhaÌ? 3 % a zÌ?e tento " neuveÌ?rÌ?itelnyÌ? prÌ?elom, v jehozÌ? reaÌ?lnost nikdo nechteÌ?l uveÌ?rÌ?it, prÌ?edurcÌ?uje zastaveniÌ? ruÌ?stu cen v polovineÌ? tohoto roku.
+
+NeniÌ? pro naÌ?s probleÌ?mem naleÌ?zt kompromisniÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?. UzavrÌ?enaÌ? smlouva poskytovala svazu volneÌ? ruce a v minulosti jsme se domluvili, zÌ?e budeme jednat. Proto naÌ?s vypoveÌ?zeniÌ? smlouvy prÌ?ekvapilo. VeÌ?rÌ?iÌ?me, zÌ?e rozumneÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? padne uzÌ? prÌ?i druheÌ?m staÌ?niÌ?. "
+
+JAROSLAV HOÌ?FER Turecko naprÌ?iÌ?sÌ?teÌ? neprÌ?ijme dodaÌ?vky z Nizozemska ANKARA - Turecko vcÌ?era oznaÌ?milo, zÌ?e naprÌ?iÌ?sÌ?teÌ? zastavuje prÌ?iÌ?jem vesÌ?keryÌ?ch dodaÌ?vek vojenskeÌ?ho materiaÌ?lu z Nizozemska. Toto opatrÌ?eniÌ? je odpoveÌ?diÌ? na benevolentniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stup nizozemskeÌ? vlaÌ?dy, kteraÌ? nedaÌ?vno povolila ustaveniÌ? kurdskeÌ?ho exiloveÌ?ho parlamentu v Haagu.
+
+CÌ?eskeÌ? jednotky nuceny ustoupit po ztraÌ?teÌ? obrneÌ?neÌ?ho transporteÌ?ru ZAÌ?HRÌ?EB - Chorvatsko vcÌ?era znaÌ?sobilo vojenskyÌ? tlak na krajinskeÌ? Srby na jihu a vyÌ?chodeÌ? zemeÌ? prÌ?esto, zÌ?e ve strÌ?edu souhlasilo s verbaÌ?lniÌ? dohodou o zastaveniÌ? vesÌ?keryÌ?ch neprÌ?aÌ?telskyÌ?ch akciÌ? na vyÌ?chodeÌ? staÌ?tu a takeÌ? s uÌ?cÌ?astiÌ? na jednaÌ?niÌ?ch s krajinskyÌ?mi Srby.
+
+NicmeÌ?neÌ? obchodniÌ? vyÌ?meÌ?na mezi CÌ?eskou republikou a Mexikem v posledniÌ?ch letech klesla. Loni dosaÌ?hla hodnoty prÌ?iblizÌ?neÌ? 23.5 milioÌ?nu dolaruÌ?, cozÌ? bylo asi jen 66 procent roku 1993.
+
+STANISLAV SÌ?ETINA CHOV RYB RybnikaÌ?rÌ?stviÌ? HlubokaÌ? se vraciÌ? ke korÌ?enuÌ?m rybaÌ?rÌ?stviÌ? V zaÌ?jmu lepsÌ?iÌ?ch vyÌ?sledkuÌ? omezila firma sveÌ? dosavadniÌ? zameÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? O prosperiteÌ? bude rozhodovat produkce trzÌ?niÌ?ch ryb a naÌ?sad
+
+KcÌ?. PrÌ?iÌ?liv investic se za 1. cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? 1995 proti 1. cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? 1994 zvyÌ?sÌ?il o 37 % a cÌ?inil 117.2 mil. USD. NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?m zahranicÌ?niÌ?m investorem zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? k 31. brÌ?eznu 1995 SRN s naÌ?ruÌ?stem na 1263 mil.
+
+Seznam trÌ?inaÌ?cti modeluÌ? automobilek Toyota, Mazda, Honda, Mitsubishi a Nissan je nyniÌ? prÌ?edlozÌ?en k verÌ?ejneÌ?mu nahleÌ?dnutiÌ? a prÌ?ipomiÌ?nkaÌ?m na trÌ?icet dnuÌ?, jak to prÌ?edepisujiÌ? zaÌ?kony USA. Nelze tedy ocÌ?ekaÌ?vat, zÌ?e by sankce byly uplatneÌ?ny prÌ?ed 28. cÌ?ervnem.
+
+RozdeÌ?leniÌ? vycÌ?leneÌ?nyÌ?ch akciiÌ? bude podle V. Klause pouze jednoraÌ?zovyÌ? a neopakovatelnyÌ? krok. ZpraÌ?vu ministra zÌ?ivotniÌ?ho prostrÌ?ediÌ? FrantisÌ?ka Bendy o cÌ?innosti StaÌ?tniÌ?ho fondu pro zÌ?ivotniÌ? prostrÌ?ediÌ?, vzala vlaÌ?da na veÌ?domiÌ?, ale V. Klaus ji oznacÌ?il za popisnou a maÌ?lo analytickou.
+
+Teprve v cÌ?ervnu 1996 plaÌ?nujiÌ? belgickeÌ? zÌ?eleznice SNCB otevrÌ?eniÌ? prvniÌ?ho uÌ?seku vysokorychlostniÌ? trati ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ? - Brusel, kteryÌ? spojiÌ? linku TGV Nord Europe s Antoingem v Belgii.
+
+Je zapotrÌ?ebiÌ? podporÌ?it praÌ?veÌ? podnikovou uÌ?rovenÌ?. VlastniÌ? staÌ?tniÌ? podpora by se nemeÌ?la v zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? zameÌ?rÌ?it trÌ?eba na dotace, ale na propojeniÌ? zaÌ?kladniÌ?ho a aplikovaneÌ?ho vyÌ?zkumu. K tomu by meÌ?ly slouzÌ?it instituce, jako je Akademie veÌ?d, grantoveÌ? agentury nebo speciaÌ?lniÌ? fondy. JIRÌ?lÌ? NEÌ?MECÌ?EK
+
+MOSKVA - Rusko pouzÌ?ije praÌ?va veta v OSN, aby zablokovalo prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? nasazeniÌ? prÌ?ipravovaneÌ? jednotky rychleÌ?ho zaÌ?sahu v BosneÌ?, pokud dojde k zaÌ?veÌ?ru, zÌ?e takoveÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? NATO je naprosto neprÌ?ijatelneÌ?. OznaÌ?milo to vcÌ?era ruskeÌ? ministerstvo zahranicÌ?iÌ?.
+
+To prÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? prakticky ve vsÌ?ech prÌ?iÌ?padech majetkoveÌ? spory mezi puÌ?vodniÌ?m a vycÌ?leneÌ?nyÌ?m druzÌ?stvem. NasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? nejde o jev plosÌ?nyÌ? - vycÌ?leneÌ?niÌ? je viÌ?ce vyÌ?jimkou nezÌ? pravidlem. SpraÌ?va veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?ch celkuÌ? je lacineÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? a mnohdy racionaÌ?lniÌ?.
+
+V odvodech valut vypravenyÌ?ch tiÌ?mto hlavniÌ?m trezorem banky do zahranicÌ?iÌ? nebyl zjisÌ?teÌ?n zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? padeÌ?lek. KonkreÌ?tniÌ?m vyÌ?sledkem praÌ?ce kabinetu platidel KB je uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nost pracovniÌ?kuÌ? pokladniÌ?ch a smeÌ?naÌ?renskyÌ?ch pracovisÌ?tÌ? prÌ?i rozpoznaÌ?niÌ? padeÌ?lku.
+
+CÌ?eskyÌ? premieÌ?r v pondeÌ?liÌ? v reakci na WaigeluÌ?v naÌ?vrh podle RudeÌ?ho praÌ?va rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e "nevidiÌ? specifickyÌ? duÌ?vod ke zrÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? poveÌ?rÌ?ence". Dodal, zÌ?e povazÌ?uje NeÌ?mecko za "normaÌ?lniÌ?ho souseda, ve ktereÌ?m maÌ?me sveÌ?ho velvyslance, jako NeÌ?mecko maÌ? sveÌ?ho velvyslance v CÌ?R".
+
+JancÌ?ula - 36. Klejch z pokutoveÌ?ho kopu. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 1569. Hrdinou zaÌ?pasu byl Trval se trÌ?emi goÌ?ly hlavou. Ostrava-Liberec 2: 0 (2: 0). Branky: 39. Ruman, 45. GalaÌ?sek z pen. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 1087.
+
+V soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? toto rozhodnutiÌ? musiÌ?me pracneÌ? revidovat, rÌ?ekl F. Benda a dodal, zÌ?e nyniÌ? teÌ?zÌ?arÌ? od staÌ?tu nic nepotrÌ?ebuje. NeÌ?meckaÌ? firma Heidelberger Zement AG vsÌ?ak pozÌ?aÌ?dala o povoleniÌ? postavit cementaÌ?rnu, a proto ministerstvo posuzovaÌ?niÌ? celeÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?padu spojilo s omezeniÌ?m teÌ?zÌ?by.
+
+Podle autora cÌ?laÌ?nku meÌ?l 21letyÌ? slaÌ?vista puÌ?vodneÌ? prÌ?estoupit do Kukova Kaiserslauternu. K dohodeÌ? s tiÌ?mto klubem nakonec nedosÌ?lo kvuÌ?li uÌ?dajneÌ?mu flirtovaÌ?niÌ? Pavla Kuky s Bergerovou manzÌ?elkou Zuzanou, ke ktereÌ?mu meÌ?lo dojiÌ?t v dobeÌ?, kdy se v Praze sesÌ?li zaÌ?stupci Kaiserslauternu.
+
+PrÌ?iÌ?cÌ?inou vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?ch vyÌ?vozuÌ? z nasÌ?iÌ? strany do EU jsou nejenom nasÌ?e docÌ?asneÌ? prÌ?iÌ?zniveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? podmiÌ?nky dovolujiÌ?ciÌ? vyvaÌ?zÌ?et za vyÌ?hodneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? ceny, a to podle naÌ?s nelze kvalifikovat jako dumping, ale takeÌ? zaÌ?jmy zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ?, ktereÌ? jsou spoluvlastniÌ?ky neÌ?kteryÌ?ch nasÌ?ich firem v oblasti citlivyÌ?ch komodit.
+
+(sÌ?a) KdyzÌ? pod hradbami staÌ?li SÌ?veÌ?doveÌ? CelyÌ?ch 112 dnuÌ?, od 3. kveÌ?tna do 26. srpna 1645, vzdorovali - aby nakonec slavili uÌ?speÌ?ch - obraÌ?nci Brna dobyvacÌ?nyÌ?m sÌ?veÌ?dskyÌ?m vojskuÌ?m...
+
+Otiskujeme opravenou tabulku havarijniÌ?ho pojisÌ?teÌ?niÌ? trÌ?iÌ? vybranyÌ?ch automobiluÌ?. V prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ?, zÌ?e jste si vystrÌ?ihli straÌ?nku 13 z vydaÌ?niÌ? HN dne 6. cÌ?ervna, muÌ?zÌ?ete v niÌ? tabulku nahradit tiÌ?mto novyÌ?m textem. CÌ?ESKAÌ? POJISÌ?TÌ?OVNA, a. s.
+
+EvropskaÌ? unie usiluje o partnerstviÌ? svyÌ?ch cÌ?lenuÌ?. CÌ?R maÌ? ambice do niÌ? vstoupit, ale jejiÌ? reprezentace zrÌ?ejmeÌ? zlehcÌ?uje otaÌ?zku "partnerskeÌ?ho chovaÌ?niÌ?", uzaviÌ?raÌ? SÌ?tefan MistriÌ?k. CiziÌ? kapitaÌ?l je horsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? domaÌ?ciÌ?? Animozita vlaÌ?dy vuÌ?cÌ?i zahranicÌ?niÌ?mu kapitaÌ?lu je nepochopitelnaÌ?.
+
+Nikolov, 56. Kolev, 64. Georgiev - 25. MaleÌ?rÌ?, 76. Kukleta. Ani ve druheÌ?m utkaÌ?niÌ? fotbaloveÌ?ho Intertota se "bobiÌ?ci" nedocÌ?kali viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ?. Rozhodly chyby obrany a nepromeÌ?neÌ?niÌ? hned neÌ?kolika vylozÌ?enyÌ?ch goÌ?lovyÌ?ch sÌ?anciÌ?.
+
+Podle formy podnikaÌ?niÌ? se na ztraÌ?teÌ? v prÌ?epocÌ?tu na hektar zemeÌ?deÌ?lskeÌ? puÌ?dy podiÌ?lela nejviÌ?ce praÌ?veÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskaÌ? druzÌ?stva. Ta skoncÌ?ila se zaÌ?pornyÌ?m vyÌ?sledkem 1006 KcÌ?/ha, zatiÌ?mco soukromiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lci "jen" s 680 KcÌ?/ha.
+
+MozÌ?naÌ? se vsÌ?ak ukaÌ?zÌ?e, zÌ?e oba festivaly (acÌ? vzaÌ?jemneÌ? zÌ?aÌ?rliÌ?ciÌ?) mohou existovat vedle sebe, doplnÌ?ovat se, inspirovat, provokovat se k prospeÌ?chu divaÌ?kuÌ? i filmoveÌ?ho obchodu. I v tom prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? se patrneÌ? jejich profily budou nadaÌ?le rozchaÌ?zet.
+
+Ale zÌ?enev - skeÌ? jednaÌ?niÌ? ukaÌ?zalo, zÌ?e od zaÌ?kazu vyÌ?vozu k zaÌ?kazu vyÌ?roby a pouzÌ?itiÌ? bude cesta dlouhaÌ?, trnitaÌ? a hlavneÌ? zaminovanaÌ? ziskuchtivostiÌ?. DelegaÌ?ti mluvili dva dny, zatiÌ?mco skrytiÌ? zabijaÌ?ci usmrtili cÌ?i zmrzacÌ?ili dalsÌ?iÌ?ch 300 lidiÌ?. JAN VlÌ?TEK, ZÌ?eneva
+
+KVEÌ?TA BUSCHOVAÌ? ZpomaleniÌ? odsunu ruskyÌ?ch vojsk z BeÌ?loruska puÌ?sobiÌ? ekologie MOSKVA (CÌ?TK) - Jedinou prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?inou pozastaveniÌ? odsunu ruskyÌ?ch strategickyÌ?ch vojsk z beÌ?loruskeÌ?ho uÌ?zemiÌ? je katastrofaÌ?lniÌ? ekologickaÌ? situace, kterou po sobeÌ? zanechaÌ?vajiÌ? rusÌ?tiÌ? vojaÌ?ci v miÌ?stech jejich drÌ?iÌ?veÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? dislokace.
+
+Jak ukazuje NeubaueruÌ?v prÌ?iÌ?klad, sudetsÌ?tiÌ? NeÌ?mci dosaÌ?hli v NeÌ?mecku takoveÌ?ho bohatstviÌ? a postaveniÌ?, ktereÌ? jako sudetsÌ?tiÌ? rolniÌ?ci nikdy nemeÌ?li. V roce 1990 podepsal kancleÌ?rÌ? Helmut Kohl s VarsÌ?avou smlouvu, v niÌ?zÌ? uznal povaÌ?lecÌ?neÌ? neÌ?mecko - polskeÌ? hranice.
+
+Je zde vsÌ?ak otaÌ?zka, zda by sniÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? rychlosti skutecÌ?neÌ? vyÌ?razneÌ?ji sniÌ?zÌ?ilo hladinu zplodin ve vzduchu. Na spolkoveÌ? uÌ?rovni i na uÌ?rovni jednotlivyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ? se spraÌ?vniÌ? orgaÌ?ny snazÌ?iÌ? k tomuto probleÌ?mu prÌ?istupovat pragmaticky. UÌ?prava ve cÌ?tyrÌ?ech spolkovyÌ?ch zemiÌ?ch maÌ? vsÌ?ak jeden haÌ?cÌ?ek.
+
+SysteÌ?m maÌ? zprÌ?ehlednit financÌ?niÌ? toky v raÌ?mci spolecÌ?nosti Zetor a prÌ?ispeÌ?t k dostupnosti a vcÌ?asnosti informaciÌ? pro management. ZlepsÌ?eniÌ? informacÌ?niÌ?ho systeÌ?mu maÌ? zkraÌ?tit obraÌ?tku zaÌ?sob a urychlit praÌ?ce v prÌ?edvyÌ?robniÌ?ch etapaÌ?ch. (CÌ?TK) CO BYCHOM MEÌ?LI VEÌ?DEÌ?T Chcete jezdit po silnici bez starostiÌ??
+
+StrukturovanyÌ? dialog PrvniÌ?m z teÌ?chto opatrÌ?eniÌ? je tzv. strukturovanyÌ? dialog. SpocÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? v jednaÌ?niÌ?ch ministruÌ? prÌ?idruzÌ?enyÌ?ch zemiÌ? zodpoveÌ?dnyÌ?ch za jednotliveÌ? sektory s jejich kolegy z cÌ?lenskyÌ?ch zemiÌ? EU. TiÌ?mto zpuÌ?sobem jsou nasÌ?i ministrÌ?i seznamovaÌ?ni s probleÌ?my unie i metodami jejich rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?.
+
+NecÌ?as) - Siegl (46. Lokvenc), DrulaÌ?k (77. SÌ?micer). CÌ?R do 21 let: PosÌ?tulka (46. CÌ?ernyÌ?) - GalaÌ?sek - VlcÌ?ek, HyskyÌ? (46. Gabriel) - Ulich, Barteska, Jirousek (46.
+
+V § 23 se doplnÌ?uje novyÌ? odstavec 3, kteryÌ? zniÌ?:
+
+Po sobotniÌ?m nerozhodneÌ?m stavu nasÌ?e deÌ?vcÌ?ata vcÌ?era zabojovala a postoupila s vyÌ?sledkem 4: 1.
+
+(dalsÌ?iÌ? informace na str. 14 a 15) Clearing se SR staÌ?le v pasiÌ?vu PRAHA (rum) - K vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ?mu dni prÌ?ekrocÌ?ila CÌ?R hranici mezniÌ?ho uÌ?veÌ?ru clearingoveÌ?ho zuÌ?cÌ?tovaÌ?niÌ? se SR (130 milioÌ?nuÌ? ECU) o 47.6 milioÌ?nu ECU.
+
+Na siÌ?dlisÌ?ti v BratislaveÌ? - PetrzÌ?alce, kde SchmoÌ?gnerovaÌ? bydliÌ?, jiÌ? neznaÌ?myÌ? pachatel prÌ?i oteviÌ?raÌ?niÌ? auta vytrhl z rukou tasÌ?ku a utekl do nedalekeÌ?ho lesiÌ?ku.
+
+V § 22 odst. 1 piÌ?sm. f) se na konci prÌ?ipojujiÌ? tato slova: "prÌ?icÌ?emzÌ? se neprÌ?ihliÌ?zÌ?iÌ? k povaze smlouvy, na zaÌ?kladeÌ? ktereÌ? jsou tyto cÌ?innosti provozovaÌ?ny,". ". 49.
+
+Toto ustanoveniÌ? se vztahuje i na cigarety znacÌ?eneÌ? podle § 40c odst. 3. Po uplynutiÌ? teÌ?to doby budou vsÌ?echny cigarety neoznacÌ?eneÌ? tabaÌ?kovyÌ?mi naÌ?lepkami neobsahujiÌ?ciÌ?mi danÌ? povazÌ?ovaÌ?ny za cigarety neoznacÌ?eneÌ?. 5.
+
+MobilniÌ? telefonie ve vybranyÌ?ch strÌ?edoevropskyÌ?ch a vyÌ?chodoevropskyÌ?ch zemiÌ?ch (stav k 1. dubnu 1995) ZemeÌ? OperaÌ?tor SysteÌ?m Datum zavedeniÌ? PocÌ?et uzÌ?ivateluÌ? Bulharsko Mobifon NMT - 450 12/9 8500 CÌ?R EuroTel Praha NMT - 450 9/91 31300
+
+OLDRÌ?ICH BABICKYÌ? CÌ?eskaÌ? naÌ?morÌ?niÌ? plavba prÌ?evzala novou lodÌ?
+
+Uvedla to vcÌ?era ve sveÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ? zpraÌ?veÌ? MezinaÌ?rodniÌ? agentura pro energii (IEA).
+
+Byly to USA, ktereÌ? ovlivnÌ?ovaly vyÌ?voj v roce 1965 z 55 procent, roku 1985 ze 65 procent a nyniÌ?, v roce 1995, ze 75 procent.
+
+StejneÌ? zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? by meÌ?lo v nejblizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?ch letech zdokonalit funkci perspektivniÌ?ch analogovyÌ?ch uÌ?strÌ?eden v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice. Letos je nasazovaÌ?no zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? asi pro 100 tisiÌ?c uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?. SpraÌ?vniÌ? rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? MHS proti sÌ?esti pojisÌ?tÌ?ovnaÌ?m
+
+Podle dostupnyÌ?ch zpraÌ?v je zraneÌ?nyÌ? vojaÌ?k desaÌ?tniÌ?k MariaÌ?n Dzurenda, kteryÌ? 13. srpna utrpeÌ?l zraneÌ?niÌ? na pozorovaciÌ?m stanovisÌ?ti cÌ?eskeÌ?ho praporu SvataÌ? trojice vyÌ?buchem dosud nezjisÌ?teÌ?neÌ? naÌ?strahy, mimo nebezpecÌ?iÌ? ohrozÌ?eniÌ? zÌ?ivota. L. RubaÌ?sÌ? maÌ? nehospodaÌ?rnost nemocnic dokaÌ?zat
+
+CenoveÌ? rozpeÌ?tiÌ? mezi souhrnnou obchodniÌ? a spotrÌ?ebitelskou cenou masneÌ?ho pruÌ?myslu v maloobchodeÌ? v cÌ?ervenci pokleslo o 5 haleÌ?rÌ?uÌ? na 18.69 KcÌ?/kg, tj. na 23.1 procenta a jizÌ? dlouhodobeÌ? se udrzÌ?uje na standardniÌ? uÌ?rovni.
+
+DaÌ?nskeÌ? divadlo bojkotuje ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ? KraÌ?lovskeÌ? divadlo v Kodani na zacÌ?aÌ?tku tyÌ?dne oznaÌ?milo, zÌ?e v souvislosti s plaÌ?novanyÌ?mi francouzskyÌ?mi jadernyÌ?mi zkousÌ?kami v TichomorÌ?iÌ? rusÌ?iÌ? svaÌ? zaÌ?rÌ?ijovaÌ? vystoupeniÌ? v ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ?i. K tomuto kroku vyzval divadlo daÌ?nskyÌ? premieÌ?r Poul Nyrup Rasmussen.
+
+ZbyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ?ch deveÌ?t, z nichzÌ? trÌ?i jsou vrahy a dalsÌ?iÌ? byli odsouzeni pro kraÌ?dezÌ?e a trestneÌ? cÌ?iny souvisejiÌ?ciÌ? s narkotiky, je nadaÌ?le nezveÌ?stnyÌ?ch. V celeÌ?m DaÌ?nsku nyniÌ? pokracÌ?uje velkaÌ? paÌ?traciÌ? akce. K uÌ?teÌ?ku dosÌ?lo ve chviÌ?li, kdy veÌ?znÌ?oveÌ? cvicÌ?ili na dvorÌ?e veÌ?znice.
+
+UÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nost, kteraÌ? by se meÌ?la meÌ?rÌ?it pouze financÌ?niÌ?m efektem organizaÌ?tora, by meÌ?la jepicÌ?iÌ? zÌ?ivot. NespokojenyÌ? vystavovatel by sem uzÌ? podruheÌ? neprÌ?isÌ?el. KdyzÌ? tedy hovorÌ?iÌ?m o uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nosti, zahrnuji do toho i naÌ?zor vystavovateluÌ? a dalsÌ?iÌ?ch uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?.
+
+Na programu hudebniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti festivalu je naprÌ?iÌ?klad provedeniÌ? Joba Petra Ebena (3. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ?, saÌ?l B. MartinuÌ? AMU, varhany TomaÌ?sÌ? Thon, recitace Moshe Yegar). O den pozdeÌ?ji provede PrazÌ?skyÌ? komorniÌ? orchestr v Kostele sv.
+
+VyÌ?sÌ?e daÌ?vky je zaÌ?konem stanovena jako 1, 1naÌ?sobek zÌ?ivotniÌ?ho minima urcÌ?eneÌ?ho pro osobniÌ? potrÌ?eby rodicÌ?e, kteryÌ? o diÌ?teÌ? pecÌ?uje.
+
+CÌ?ervnoveÌ? prÌ?ekrocÌ?eniÌ? hranicÌ?niÌ?ho uÌ?veÌ?ru bylo jen 61926 milioÌ?nu ECU. Od nyneÌ?jsÌ?ka je odchylka kursu koruny vuÌ?cÌ?i XCU a ECU nulovaÌ?. Co bude revalvace znamenat pro obcÌ?ana? BezprostrÌ?edneÌ? nic.
+
+PRAHA (CÌ?TK, rum) - V otaÌ?zce techniky ukoncÌ?eniÌ? clearingoveÌ?ho zuÌ?cÌ?tovaÌ?niÌ? mezi CÌ?R a Slovenskem je dosazÌ?eno dohody, rÌ?ekl vcÌ?era tiskovyÌ? mluvcÌ?iÌ? CÌ?eskeÌ? naÌ?rodniÌ? banky M. SÌ?vehla.
+
+Rusko a RÌ?ecko postaviÌ? ropovod SOLUNÌ? (CÌ?TK) - Rusko a RÌ?ecko v paÌ?tek dospeÌ?ly k finaÌ?lniÌ? dohodeÌ? o vyÌ?stavbeÌ? ropovodu naÌ?kladem jedneÌ? miliardy dolaruÌ? z bulharskeÌ?ho cÌ?ernomorÌ?skeÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?stavu Burgas do Alexandropolisu, uvedla agentura AP.
+
+Montas Hradec KraÌ?loveÌ? byla privatizovaÌ?na koncem prvniÌ?ho cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? 1995 prÌ?iÌ?myÌ?m prodejem akciiÌ? neprodanyÌ?ch v prvniÌ?m kole kupoÌ?noveÌ? privatizace. MajoritniÌ?m vlastniÌ?kem je a. s. MONT, kteraÌ? nyniÌ? disponuje 62 procenty akciiÌ?. TOMAÌ?SÌ? NOVOTNYÌ? SÌ?kodu PlzenÌ? obcÌ?aneÌ? hodnotiÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?inou pozitivneÌ? Podle vyÌ?sledkuÌ? pruÌ?zkumu verÌ?ejnost podporuje jadernou vyÌ?robu
+
+VytvorÌ?ili jsme si urcÌ?ityÌ? prostor, abychom trh mohli tvarovat uzÌ? svyÌ?mi vyhlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ?mi. Po neÌ?kolik posledniÌ?ch tyÌ? - dnuÌ? uÌ?rokoveÌ? sazby na peneÌ?zÌ?niÌ?m trhu opeÌ?t miÌ?rneÌ? klesajiÌ?. Na pruÌ?meÌ?rnyÌ?ch uÌ?rokovyÌ?ch sazbaÌ?ch u noveÌ? poskytovanyÌ?ch uÌ?veÌ?ruÌ? pro klienty jsme nezaznamenali zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? vyÌ?kyv.
+
+V pruÌ?beÌ?hu jednaÌ?niÌ? policie zatkla vuÌ?dce leÌ?karÌ?skeÌ? odboroveÌ? organizace. E. Balladur se vraÌ?til PARÌ?IÌ?ZÌ? (CÌ?TK) - ByÌ?valyÌ? francouzskyÌ? premieÌ?r Edouard Balladur se vraÌ?til ve funkci poslance na politickou sceÌ?nu, ze ktereÌ? odesÌ?el po sveÌ?m neuÌ?speÌ?chu v jarniÌ?ch prezidentskyÌ?ch volbaÌ?ch.
+
+V ekologickeÌ?m investovaÌ?niÌ? by meÌ?ly byÌ?t preferovaÌ?ny emisniÌ? platby V posledniÌ?ch tyÌ?dnech bylo mozÌ?no ze sdeÌ?lovaciÌ?ch prostrÌ?edkuÌ? slysÌ?et hlasy, zÌ?e vyÌ?daje na zÌ?ivotniÌ? prostrÌ?ediÌ? jsou v CÌ?R nadmeÌ?rneÌ?.
+
+"NemuÌ?zÌ?eme sniÌ?st viÌ?ce a nechce to sniÌ?st ani nikdo na ZaÌ?padeÌ?," doplnil premieÌ?r. CÌ?lenoveÌ? vlaÌ?dy se dohodli na podporÌ?e nepotravinaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ?ho vyuzÌ?itiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskeÌ? produkce. PrÌ?evaÌ?zÌ?naÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st pracovniÌ? siÌ?ly na jizÌ?niÌ? MoraveÌ? je zameÌ?stnaÌ?na praÌ?veÌ? v zemeÌ?deÌ?lstviÌ?.
+
+SKOPJE (CÌ?TK) - MakedonskyÌ? parlament vcÌ?era schvaÌ?lil novou staÌ?tniÌ? vlajku, cÌ?iÌ?mzÌ? otevrÌ?el cestu k usmiÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? s RÌ?eckem na zaÌ?kladeÌ? dohody, kterou podepsali ministrÌ?i zahranicÌ?iÌ? obou zemiÌ? 13. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? v New Yorku.
+
+Tyto signaÌ?ly jsou zpracovaÌ?ny pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?em a ulozÌ?eny pro pozdeÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? analyÌ?zu. Od roku 1992 provedla divize Pipeline Integrity International v CÌ?R kontrolu teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? tisiÌ?ce kilometruÌ? potrubiÌ?.
+
+LexuÌ?v otec, kteryÌ? byl za socialismu vysokyÌ?m hospodaÌ?rÌ?skyÌ?m funkcionaÌ?rÌ?em, zasedal azÌ? do cÌ?ervna 1990 v prvniÌ? slovenskeÌ? postkomunistickeÌ? vlaÌ?deÌ?.
+
+cÌ?istyÌ?ch vyÌ?robkuÌ?. V citovanyÌ?ch oblastech i o zalozÌ?eniÌ? spolecÌ?neÌ?ho podniku nebo kapitaÌ?loveÌ?m vstupu do existujiÌ?ciÌ?ho subjektu. Kontakt: Dr. Herzog und Partner, Mergentheimerstrasse 4, D - 12247 BerliÌ?n, tel.: +4930 - 766905 - 0, fax +4930766905 - 33.
+
+Pokud budou ve spolecÌ?neÌ?m baliÌ?ku na politiku bydleniÌ? prostrÌ?edky, budeme prosazovat zvyÌ?hodneÌ?niÌ? uÌ?roku o dalsÌ?iÌ? promile cÌ?i procento. DalsÌ?iÌ? variantou je uÌ?leva ve splaÌ?tkaÌ?ch teÌ?m, kdo si hypoteÌ?ku na byt porÌ?iÌ?diÌ?. Je zde rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? i v neprÌ?iÌ?meÌ? cesteÌ?, kterou jsou danÌ?oveÌ? uÌ?levy.
+
+Pokud jde o platovyÌ? systeÌ?m ve zdravotnictviÌ?, meÌ?l by byÌ?t zatiÌ?m zachovaÌ?n soucÌ?asnyÌ? tarifniÌ?. ZvyÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? jednotlivyÌ?ch tarifniÌ?ch trÌ?iÌ?d se podle informace J. StraÌ?skeÌ?ho prÌ?ipravuje. Sjezd CÌ?LK odmiÌ?tl veÌ?tsÌ?inou hlasuÌ? svyÌ?ch uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ? naÌ?vrh stoupencuÌ? LeÌ?karÌ?skeÌ?ho odboroveÌ?ho klubu (LOK) na zmeÌ?nu prÌ?edstavenstva komory.
+
+ObcÌ?ana by uzÌ? nemeÌ?lo zajiÌ?mat, jakeÌ? prostrÌ?edky prÌ?itom zvoliÌ?me, " uzaviÌ?raÌ? VaÌ?clav RozhonÌ?. DalsÌ?iÌ? raÌ?dioveÌ? systeÌ?my by meÌ?ly byÌ?t v jizÌ?niÌ?ch CÌ?echaÌ?ch v budoucnu instalovaÌ?ny uzÌ? nejen v pohranicÌ?iÌ?, ale i ve vnitrozemiÌ? v okoliÌ? MladeÌ? VozÌ?ice cÌ?i Pacova. ZDENEÌ?K ZUNTYCH VYÌ?ROBA NAÌ?POJUÌ?
+
+OvsÌ?em dynamika hospodaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ?ho rozvoje se v posledniÌ?ch dvou letech staÌ?le zvysÌ?uje, zduÌ?raznÌ?uje se v solunÌ?skyÌ?ch hospodaÌ?rÌ?skyÌ?ch kruziÌ?ch. KlesaÌ? i nezameÌ?stnanost, kteraÌ? je v soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? dokonce nizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? ve velkyÌ?ch zaÌ?padoevropskyÌ?ch staÌ?tech.
+
+SlovenskaÌ? opozice je zjevneÌ? staÌ?le diferencovaneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?. JakeÌ? miÌ?sto maÌ? v niÌ? SDL? SDL nemuÌ?zÌ?e pracovat v jakeÌ?msi soustavneÌ?m zajetiÌ? a uzÌ? vuÌ?bec ne v zajetiÌ? pravicovyÌ?ch sil.
+
+NeÌ?meckeÌ? ministerstvo zahranicÌ?iÌ? o piÌ?semneÌ? odpoveÌ?di sveÌ?ho ministra polskeÌ?mu novinaÌ?rÌ?i neveÌ?deÌ?lo, a proto zpraÌ?vu varsÌ?avskeÌ?ho rozhlasu, kteraÌ? v Polsku zpuÌ?sobila urcÌ?ityÌ? rozruch, puÌ?vodneÌ? dementovalo. PozdeÌ?ji vsÌ?ak prÌ?iznalo svuÌ?j omyl. V. Klaus jednal o vstupu CÌ?R do OECD
+
+cyklistika FrantisÌ?ek Trkal z celku Husqvarna ZVVZ se stal jizÌ? potrÌ?etiÌ? viÌ?teÌ?zem ankety TOP TEN odborneÌ?ho meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ?ku Peloton. StejneÌ? jako prÌ?ed rokem vyhraÌ?l prÌ?ed Pavlem Padrnosem z TICO Praha a svyÌ?m klubovyÌ?m kolegou TomaÌ?sÌ?em KonecÌ?nyÌ?m.
+
+MiÌ?stoprÌ?edseda hnutiÌ? I. SÌ?imko mj. upozornil, zÌ?e podle zaÌ?kona filmy promiÌ?taÌ?ny ve slovenskyÌ?ch kinech musiÌ? byÌ?t ve slovensÌ?tineÌ? nebo "srozumitelneÌ?m jazyku". Titulky jsou vyloucÌ?eny, upozornil I. SÌ?imko.
+
+PRAHA - Osm cÌ?eskyÌ?ch obcÌ?anuÌ? jizÌ? vlastniÌ? nemovitost na sÌ?paneÌ?lskeÌ?m pobrÌ?ezÌ?iÌ? Costa Blanca v meÌ?stecÌ?ku Ciudad Quesada. V soucÌ?asnosti maÌ? 15 dalsÌ?iÌ?ch CÌ?echuÌ? podepsaÌ?ny kontrakty na odkoupeniÌ? nebo vyÌ?stavbu nemovitosti v teÌ?to oblasti.
+
+BRATISLAVA (CÌ?TA) - Deficitem ve vyÌ?sÌ?i 2877 miliardy korun skoncÌ?il k 30. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? staÌ?tniÌ? rozpocÌ?et SlovenskeÌ? republiky. Konstatuje to zpraÌ?va o plneÌ?niÌ? rozpocÌ?tu za prvniÌ? trÌ?i cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? letosÌ?niÌ?ho roku, kterou vcÌ?era projednala slovenskaÌ? vlaÌ?da.
+
+Naopak, zhruba polovina nasÌ?eho realizovaneÌ?ho vyÌ?vozu v lonÌ?skeÌ?m roce smeÌ?rÌ?ovala do SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tuÌ? prostrÌ?ednictviÌ?m vsÌ?eobecneÌ?ho systeÌ?mu celniÌ?ch preferenciÌ? (GSP).
+
+SneÌ?movna reprezentantuÌ? jizÌ? drÌ?iÌ?ve hlasovala proti vyslaÌ?niÌ? americkyÌ?ch vojaÌ?kuÌ? do Bosny, ale vedouciÌ? prÌ?edstaviteleÌ? SenaÌ?tu a SneÌ?movny, R. Dole a N. Gingrich parafovaÌ?niÌ? dohody komentovali v uÌ?teryÌ? vstrÌ?iÌ?cneÌ?ji.
+
+BRUSEL/SARAJEVO (CÌ?TK) - VojenskyÌ? vyÌ?bor NATO na uÌ?rovni naÌ?cÌ?elniÌ?kuÌ? generaÌ?lniÌ?ch sÌ?taÌ?buÌ? projednaÌ?val vcÌ?era v Bruselu plaÌ?n bosenskeÌ? operace SehraneÌ? uÌ?siliÌ?, kteryÌ? prÌ?ipravil vrchniÌ? velitel sil NATO v EvropeÌ? generaÌ?l George Joulwan.
+
+MontaÌ?zÌ?, opravy a revize vyhrazenyÌ?ch plynovyÌ?ch zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? -), plneÌ?niÌ? tlakovyÌ?ch naÌ?dob na technickeÌ? plyny
+
+CÌ?NR cÌ?. 61/1988 Sb., o hornickeÌ? cÌ?innosti, vyÌ?busÌ?ninaÌ?ch a o staÌ?tniÌ? baÌ?nÌ?skeÌ? spraÌ?veÌ?, -) § 1 odst. 5 zaÌ?k. cÌ?. 451/1991 Sb. ZaÌ?kon cÌ?. 219/1995 Sb., devizovyÌ? zaÌ?kon
+
+Co za to? UkoncÌ?eniÌ? staÌ?vky a tedy souhlas s novyÌ?m financÌ?niÌ?m plaÌ?nem (na leÌ?ta 1996 - 2000) pro spolecÌ?nost SNCF, na neÌ?mzÌ? se dohodla vlaÌ?da s vedeniÌ?m zÌ?eleznic. ProzatiÌ?mniÌ? vyÌ?voj udaÌ?lostiÌ? ale naznacÌ?uje, zÌ?e odboraÌ?rÌ?e plaÌ?n neuspokojuje.
+
+Zhruba 2600 vojaÌ?kuÌ? prÌ?edsunutyÌ?ch jednotek by meÌ?lo byÌ?t na miÌ?steÌ? urcÌ?eniÌ? beÌ?hem peÌ?ti azÌ? deviÌ?ti dnuÌ?. Jejich uÌ?kolem bude prÌ?ipravit podmiÌ?nky pro prÌ?iÌ?jezd hlavniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti mnohonaÌ?rodniÌ?ch sil (IFOR).
+
+SmluvniÌ? kvoÌ?ty: Skot 191.93 t 2.95 Ovce a skopoveÌ? maso 121.13 t 55.01 SoleneÌ?, susÌ?eneÌ? maso 3.78 t 37.43 SusÌ?eneÌ? mleÌ?ko 24.76 t 1.94 Jogurty 3213.72 t 50.45 MaÌ?slo 50.90 t 3.26 CÌ?erstveÌ? hrozny 41.79 t 1.60 Brambory 6558.50 t 27.31 Semena rÌ?epky 1647.08 t 19.84
+
+VeÌ?tsÌ?ina obyvatel (54 azÌ? 60 procent) podle pruÌ?zkumuÌ? podporuje pozÌ?adavky staÌ?vkujiÌ?ciÌ?ch, prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m vsÌ?ak rychleÌ? ukoncÌ?eniÌ? prÌ?etrvaÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? krize (75 azÌ? 80 procent). PrÌ?evlaÌ?daÌ? neduÌ?veÌ?ra vuÌ?cÌ?i politice JuppeÌ?ho.
+
+ExistujiÌ? ekonomicky sobeÌ?stacÌ?neÌ? zÌ?eleznicÌ?niÌ? spolecÌ?nosti, acÌ? se neÌ?kdy tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e to neniÌ? mozÌ?neÌ?. VsÌ?echny jsou postaveny na tomto principu. NemusiÌ? dopravniÌ? cestu vydeÌ?lit do zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ?ho podniku, ale musiÌ? zjistit naÌ?klady na to, zÌ?e tam projede ciziÌ? vlak, a ty neÌ?komu nauÌ?cÌ?tovat.
+
+Mimo WTO zatiÌ?m zuÌ?staÌ?vajiÌ? dveÌ? velmoci RuskaÌ? legislativa odpoviÌ?daÌ? podmiÌ?nkaÌ?m ochrany dusÌ?evniÌ?ho vlastnictviÌ? PocÌ?et cÌ?lenuÌ? SveÌ?toveÌ? obchodniÌ? organizace (WTO) dosaÌ?hl v minuleÌ?m meÌ?siÌ?ci 111, kdyzÌ? jejiÌ? prÌ?edchuÌ?dkyneÌ?, VsÌ?eobecnaÌ? dohoda o clech a obchodu (GATT) meÌ?la 128 uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?.
+
+SniÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? o 200 milioÌ?nuÌ? korun podle naÌ?vrhu rozpocÌ?toveÌ?ho vyÌ?boru by uÌ?dajneÌ? vedlo k propusÌ?teÌ?niÌ? dvou trÌ?etin z 2.5 tisiÌ?ce zameÌ?stnancuÌ? sÌ?kolskyÌ?ch uÌ?rÌ?aduÌ?.
+
+V zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? situaci na miÌ?steÌ? sondovala CÌ?eskaÌ? exportniÌ? banka. PETR NEÌ?MEC, SÌ?anghaj Vietnam sniÌ?zÌ?il uÌ?rokoveÌ? sazby HANOJ (CÌ?TK) - NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? vietnamskaÌ? staÌ?tem vlastneÌ?naÌ? obchodniÌ? banka, Vietcombank, sniÌ?zÌ?ila meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ? uÌ?rokoveÌ? sazby o 0.4 procentniÌ?ho bodu na 1.5 %.
+
+Zcela vyÌ?jimecÌ?nou pozici absolutniÌ?ho odmiÌ?taÌ?niÌ? zaujiÌ?majiÌ? liberaÌ?lniÌ? demokrateÌ? V. ZÌ?irinovskeÌ?ho. V prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? by tedy zrÌ?ejmeÌ? nesmirÌ?itelnaÌ? opozice trvala na uÌ?plneÌ? zmeÌ?neÌ? kursu, Jabloko by prosazovalo stejnyÌ?, bytÌ? provaÌ?deÌ?nyÌ? jinyÌ?mi zpuÌ?soby.
+
+Od pocÌ?aÌ?tku cÌ?innosti PGRLF v brÌ?eznu 1994 cÌ?inila k uvedeneÌ?mu datu tato cÌ?aÌ?stka viÌ?ce nezÌ? 16.36 miliardy korun. VyplyÌ?vaÌ? to z PrÌ?ehledu aktivit PGRLF.
+
+Ve druheÌ? puÌ?li se naÌ?sÌ? vyÌ?kon zlepsÌ?il, nebyÌ?t vyloucÌ?eniÌ? Janoty, mohli jsme bojovat o bod azÌ? do posledniÌ? minuty. " (mlp) Pavliska generaÌ?lniÌ?m sekretaÌ?rÌ?em? Ostrava - PaÌ?tecÌ?niÌ? moravskeÌ? derby Ostrava - Drnovice (1: 3) prÌ?ineslo na Bazaly nejedno zklamaÌ?niÌ?.
+
+PlzenÌ? se dostala po dvouleteÌ? krizi do play off, ale na sveÌ? uÌ?speÌ?chy z roku 1992, kdy hraÌ?la finaÌ?le federaÌ?lniÌ? ligy, navaÌ?zat nedokaÌ?zala. " MysliÌ?m, zÌ?e jsme utkaÌ?niÌ? nezvlaÌ?dli prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m po psychickeÌ? straÌ?nce.
+
+VysÌ?etrÌ?ovatel nehody Miroslav VeselyÌ? potvrdil, zÌ?e prÌ?iÌ?pad neniÌ? dosÌ?etrÌ?en. Proto k neÌ?mu odmiÌ?tl sdeÌ?lit jakeÌ?koli dalsÌ?iÌ? podrobnosti. NovyÌ? rok prÌ?iviÌ?tali v uliciÌ?ch zejmeÌ?na cizinci Praha - V uliciÌ?ch cÌ?eskyÌ?ch a moravskyÌ?ch meÌ?st slavili prÌ?iÌ?chod roku 1995 prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m cizinci.
+
+, 6. (4) KielmannovaÌ? (NeÌ?m.) 10.5 ,... 10. (9) BeraÌ?nkovaÌ? 13.0. Tance celkoveÌ?: 1. RahkamovaÌ?, Kokko (Fin.) 2.4 , 2. MoniottovaÌ?, Lavanchy (Fr.) 3.6
+
+Kdyby se celyÌ? rozpocÌ?tovyÌ? prÌ?ebytek pouzÌ?il na sniÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? tohoto dluhu, nezvyÌ?sÌ?ilo by se mnozÌ?stviÌ? obeÌ?zÌ?iva a zaÌ?rovenÌ? by mohl staÌ?tniÌ? rozpocÌ?et letos usÌ?etrÌ?it na uÌ?rociÌ?ch. ZodpoveÌ?dnyÌ? poslanec by pro takoveÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? meÌ?l hlasovat.
+
+Podle vysÌ?etrÌ?ovateluÌ? se tiÌ?m dopustili "podvodu a zkreslovaÌ?niÌ? uÌ?dajuÌ? hospodaÌ?rÌ?skeÌ? a obchodniÌ? evidence". TiÌ?m v rÌ?ecÌ?i vysÌ?etrÌ?ovateluÌ? "veÌ?domyÌ?mi machinacemi zprostrÌ?edkovaÌ?vali prodej za neuÌ?meÌ?rnou fiktivniÌ? cenu, uvedli kupujiÌ?ciÌ?ho v omyl a posÌ?kodili KPB".
+
+DeÌ?ti, ktereÌ? vyruÌ?staly v padesaÌ?tyÌ?ch letech, se ucÌ?ily, zÌ?e Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone a Buffalo Bill prÌ?edstavovali ryziÌ? americkeÌ? hrdiny: odvaÌ?zÌ?neÌ?, statecÌ?neÌ?, svobodneÌ?.
+
+Potom dostane kazÌ?dyÌ? cÌ?aj certifikaÌ?t a je expedovaÌ?n na burzu. Odkud se dovaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? K cÌ?ajovyÌ?m velmociÌ?m patrÌ?iÌ? hlavneÌ? CÌ?iÌ?na, Indie a SriÌ? Lanka. V posledniÌ? ze jmenovanyÌ?ch zemiÌ? je cÌ?aj hlavniÌ?m exportniÌ?m zbozÌ?iÌ?m a tvorÌ?iÌ? asi sÌ?edesaÌ?t procent vesÌ?kereÌ?ho vyÌ?vozu.
+
+(Antikva Nova Praga) 15. brÌ?ezna Linea - UÌ?BOK StarozÌ?itnosti, umeÌ?leckeÌ? prÌ?edmeÌ?ty NuselskaÌ? 19 23. brÌ?ezna hotel Kampa Grafika, obrazy, StaraÌ? zbrojnice kresby 20. stoletiÌ? Galerie VltaviÌ?n 26. dubna Linea - UÌ?BOK StarozÌ?itnosti, umeÌ?leckeÌ? prÌ?edmeÌ?ty NuselskaÌ? 19
+
+LaboratorÌ?e nejsou sice prÌ?iÌ?stupneÌ? verÌ?ejnosti, ale k nim prÌ?ileÌ?hajiÌ?ciÌ? terasy s kraÌ?snou vyhliÌ?dkou na alpskeÌ? panoraÌ?ma laÌ?kajiÌ? rok od roku staÌ?le viÌ?ce naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?kuÌ? a jen steÌ?zÌ?iÌ? zvlaÌ?dajiÌ? tento prÌ?ibyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? naÌ?por. Za peÌ?knyÌ?ch dnuÌ? zvlaÌ?dne dopravit vyÌ?tah z roku 1930 pouze jednu cÌ?tvrtinu vsÌ?ech naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?kuÌ? sedla hory Jungfrau.
+
+Kresba Emila Filly SediÌ?ciÌ? zÌ?ena a akvarel ZÌ?ena s hrÌ?ebenem byly vydrazÌ?eny za 70 tisiÌ?c.
+
+SugestivniÌ?, a prÌ?itom poucÌ?enou prÌ?edstavu o nich nabiÌ?ziÌ? ojedineÌ?leÌ? Sea - Air - Space Museum na materÌ?skeÌ? letadloveÌ? lodi Interpid zakotveneÌ? na rÌ?ece Hudsonu prÌ?i Manhattanu v New Yorku. USS Interpid (NeohrozÌ?enaÌ?) vdeÌ?cÌ?iÌ? za svuÌ?j vznik druheÌ? sveÌ?toveÌ? vaÌ?lce.
+
+Se svyÌ?m podezrÌ?eniÌ?m se sveÌ?rÌ?iÌ? prÌ?iÌ?telkyni Lise a takeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?teli, detektivu Thomasovi. KdyzÌ? se ukaÌ?zÌ?e, zÌ?e meÌ?l pravdu, ocitne se saÌ?m v nebezpecÌ?iÌ? zÌ?ivota, protozÌ?e vrah pochopiÌ?, zÌ?e fotoreporteÌ?r byl sveÌ?dkem jeho cÌ?inu, a vnikne do jeho bytu.
+
+Kniha naviÌ?c vychaÌ?ziÌ? v trojjazycÌ?meÌ? podobeÌ?, cÌ?eskyÌ? text je v kompletniÌ?m rozsahu mensÌ?iÌ?m typem provaÌ?zen anglickyÌ?m a neÌ?meckyÌ?m prÌ?ekladem, cozÌ? z knihy cÌ?iniÌ? i atraktivniÌ? nabiÌ?dku zahranicÌ?niÌ?m naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?kuÌ?m nasÌ?eho hlavniÌ?ho meÌ?sta cÌ?i reprezentativniÌ? dar. (ip)
+
+Jak je vedeniÌ? zvlaÌ?daÌ?? " SÌ?eÌ?foveÌ? jednotlivyÌ?ch uÌ?sekuÌ? majiÌ? velkou odpoveÌ?dnost i pravomoc. NasÌ?e pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?ovaÌ? siÌ?tÌ? umozÌ?nÌ?uje jejich praÌ?ci pruÌ?beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? hodnotit. Oni i jejich lideÌ? nejsou zainteresovaÌ?ni na objemu obchodu, protozÌ?e pak se zpravidla nehlediÌ? na naÌ?klady - ale na zisku.
+
+Francouzi majiÌ? k dispozici rÌ?adu puÌ?jcÌ?ek podporujiÌ?ciÌ?ch dostupneÌ? bydleniÌ?, stavebniÌ? puÌ?jcÌ?ky, danÌ?oveÌ? uÌ?levy. StaÌ?t takeÌ? zasahuje prÌ?edpisy do vyÌ?sÌ?e naÌ?jmuÌ? v soukromeÌ?m sektoru. VolneÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e majitel stanovit naÌ?jem jen u noveÌ?ho bytu, u stareÌ?ho prvneÌ? pronajiÌ?maneÌ?ho bytu a u bytu po vyÌ?razneÌ? rekonstrukci.
+
+PrÌ?ed trÌ?emi lety uvedli na trh vuÌ?ni Deci - Del ` a, cozÌ? byla prvniÌ? vuÌ?neÌ?, jejiÌ?zÌ? flakoÌ?nek vytvorÌ?ili noviÌ? designeÌ?rÌ?i firmy, Elizabeth Garouste a Mattia Bonetti.
+
+Na tyto, jakozÌ? i dalsÌ?iÌ? otaÌ?zky exkluziÌ?vneÌ? pro naÌ?sÌ? list odpoveÌ?deÌ?l JirÌ?iÌ? BocÌ?ek. Objekt BudeÌ?jovickeÌ?ho Budvaru O pruÌ?beÌ?hu jednaÌ?niÌ? se spolecÌ?nostiÌ? Anheuser - Busch se na verÌ?ejnost dostaÌ?valy jen kuseÌ?, sporadickeÌ? informace. JakaÌ? tedy byla?
+
+PomalejsÌ?iÌ? legislativa TvuÌ?rci cÌ?eskeÌ? uÌ?stavy z roku 1992 vychaÌ?zeli z prÌ?edpokladu, zÌ?e se obeÌ? komory budou navzaÌ?jem kontrolovat. To v praxi prÌ?inese prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m pecÌ?liveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? dvoukoloveÌ? schvalovaÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?konuÌ?.
+
+Soudy prÌ?istupujiÌ? k duÌ?kazuÌ?m jako k prÌ?iÌ?sneÌ?mu zkoumaÌ?niÌ? faktuÌ?, na neÌ?mzÌ? zalozÌ?iÌ? nestranneÌ? rozhodnutiÌ?. Soudci jsou naprosto vaÌ?zÌ?neÌ? oddaÌ?ni potrÌ?ebeÌ? ospravedlnit prÌ?ijateÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? sami prÌ?ed sebou. Je to hledaÌ?niÌ? pravdy v daneÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? a toto hledaÌ?niÌ? vyzÌ?aduje autonomii a cÌ?estnost soudcuÌ? samotnyÌ?ch.
+
+V letech 19901994 2. tajemniÌ?k velvyslanectviÌ? CÌ?SFR, pozdeÌ?ji CÌ?R v Izraeli. Dnes rÌ?editel ZÌ?idovskeÌ?ho muzea v Praze.
+
+KapitaÌ?l neprojiÌ?daÌ?me
+
+Deficit obchodniÌ? bilance a rostouciÌ? dovozy spotrÌ?ebniÌ?ho zbozÌ?iÌ?, oblecÌ?eniÌ? a potravin vzbuzujiÌ? dojem, zÌ?e prÌ?iÌ?liv zahranicÌ?niÌ?ho kapitaÌ?lu do jisteÌ? miÌ?ry projiÌ?daÌ?me.
+
+Luck (NeÌ?m.) 79. ZÌ?eny - 15 km: 1. DislovaÌ? (NeÌ?m.) 48: 18.2 (1), 2. GrasÌ?icovaÌ? (Slovin.) 48: 20.9 (3), 3. BehleovaÌ? (NeÌ?m.)
+
+Podle Orla se ocÌ?ekaÌ?vajiÌ? zmeÌ?ny v jednom kraji maximaÌ?lneÌ? tak u dvou lidiÌ?. PrÌ?i prÌ?edbeÌ?zÌ?neÌ?m posuzovaÌ?niÌ? kandidaÌ?tek prosÌ?ly z osmi krajskyÌ?ch naÌ?vrhuÌ? dva uÌ?plneÌ? beze zmeÌ?ny. PropaduÌ?m nyneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch poslancuÌ?, ktereÌ? vzbudily pozornost u ODS, se nevyhnuli ani lidovci.
+
+Pr ocÌ? vlaÌ?da tak pospiÌ?chaÌ??
+
+Firmy jsou totizÌ? vesmeÌ?s majetkoveÌ? propojeny. NaprÌ?iÌ?klad v jizÌ? zmiÌ?neÌ?neÌ? ZÌ?PSV UherskyÌ? Ostroh maÌ? zhruba trÌ?etinovyÌ? podiÌ?l belgickaÌ? cementaÌ?rÌ?skaÌ? firma kontrolovanaÌ? podle nasÌ?ich informaciÌ? majetkovyÌ?m podiÌ?lem neÌ?meckou firmou Heidelberger Zement.
+
+Rada takeÌ? vyslovila znepokojeniÌ? nad vyÌ?roky rÌ?editele TV Nova VladimiÌ?ra ZÌ?elezneÌ?ho v porÌ?adu Volejte rÌ?editeli, zÌ?e vnutila NoveÌ? model obstaravatelskeÌ? smlouvy s CÌ?eskou nezaÌ?vislou televizniÌ? spolecÌ?nostiÌ?. Model pryÌ? naopak navrhl drzÌ?itel licence. ljdÌ?
+
+SlusÌ?nost se rozlezla
+
+OcÌ?ekaÌ?vaÌ?me naÌ?ruÌ?st trestneÌ? cÌ?innosti paÌ?chaneÌ? kvuÌ?li ziÌ?skaÌ?niÌ? prostrÌ?edkuÌ? na drogy a paÌ?chaneÌ? pod vlivem drog. CÌ?ekaÌ?me bohuzÌ?el i naÌ?ruÌ?st konzumentuÌ? a prvokonzumentuÌ? - tedy mlaÌ?dezÌ?e mezi 12 azÌ? 16 lety.
+
+StrucÌ?neÌ?
+
+Spor o rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? NATO je reaÌ?lnyÌ?.
+
+NaÌ?vrh pocÌ?iÌ?taÌ? naprÌ?iÌ?klad s tiÌ?m, zÌ?e praÌ?ceschopneÌ? obyvatelstvo bude miÌ?t zdarma odstraneÌ?niÌ? zubniÌ?ho kamene. Jednou rocÌ?neÌ? bude povinnaÌ? preventivniÌ? prohliÌ?dka. DuÌ?chodci by nemeÌ?li platit za praÌ?ci zubniÌ?ch technikuÌ? na naÌ?hradaÌ?ch chrupu.
+
+Celsia v roce 1986, nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? -5.0 st. Celsia v roce 1842. DlouhodobyÌ? teplotniÌ? normaÌ?l je 8.1 st. Celsia. Nad uÌ?zemiÌ?m CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky bylo vcÌ?era nameÌ?rÌ?eno 336 DobsonovyÌ?ch jednotek celkoveÌ?ho mnozÌ?stviÌ? ozoÌ?nu, cozÌ? je 14 procent pod dlouhodobyÌ?m pruÌ?meÌ?rem (podpruÌ?meÌ?rnyÌ? stav).
+
+Metr za niÌ?m kraÌ?cÌ?iÌ?, takeÌ? v tmaveÌ?m obleku, muzÌ? ochranaÌ?rÌ?, gorila, bodyguard, jak chcete. Napadne vaÌ?s jedineÌ?: tento majitel nepotrÌ?ebuje ochranku, nyÌ?brzÌ? uÌ?cÌ?etniÌ?ho. Nikoliv toho, kdo to hliÌ?daÌ?, nyÌ?brzÌ? toho, kdo to vsÌ?echno spocÌ?iÌ?taÌ?.
+
+UÌ?vahy a vzpomiÌ?nky tepelskeÌ?ho opata na dobu dvojiÌ?ho veÌ?zneÌ?niÌ?, totizÌ? v koncentraÌ?ciÌ?ch neÌ?meckeÌ?ho fasÌ?ismu a cÌ?eskeÌ?ho stalinismu, vydaÌ?vaÌ? trÌ? ebiÌ?cÌ?skeÌ? nakladatelstviÌ? Arca JiMfa pod prÌ?iÌ?znacÌ?nyÌ?m naÌ?zvem: Psancem.
+
+Estonsko: Podpis Dohody o zoÌ?neÌ? volneÌ?ho obchodu s CÌ?R CÌ?eskaÌ? republika a Estonsko podepsaly vcÌ?era Dohodu o zoÌ?neÌ? volneÌ?ho obchodu. Estonsko se tak po LotysÌ?sku stalo druhou zemiÌ? pobaltskeÌ?ho regionu, se kterou bude miÌ?t CÌ?R volnyÌ? pohyb zbozÌ?iÌ?.
+
+PrÌ?i dobyÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? tunelu v srpnu 1918 bylo zajato peÌ?t legionaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?, duÌ?stojniÌ?k TrojaÌ?nek se zastrÌ?elil, ale cÌ?tyrÌ?i byli obeÌ?sÌ?eni. Jejich jmeÌ?na jsou uvedena na pameÌ?tniÌ? desce v meÌ?stecÌ?ku Arco. ProtivniÌ?k se nakonec do tunelu nedostal a musel se staÌ?hnout doluÌ? do Rivy.
+
+Ty jsou ovsÌ?em vyÌ?razneÌ? drazÌ?sÌ?iÌ?. Z informaciÌ? ziÌ?skanyÌ?ch LN vyplyÌ?vaÌ?, zÌ?e domaÌ?cnosti, ktereÌ? platily prÌ?ed sÌ?esti lety kolem trÌ?iÌ? set, musejiÌ? nyniÌ? pocÌ?iÌ?tat prÌ?iblizÌ?neÌ? s dvoutisiÌ?covou azÌ? trÌ?iÌ?tisiÌ?covou cÌ?aÌ?stkou rocÌ?neÌ? za pojisÌ?teÌ?niÌ? domu a jeho beÌ?zÌ?neÌ?ho vybaveniÌ?.
+
+Firma se tedy nemusiÌ? zabyÌ?vat skladovaÌ?niÌ?m, protozÌ?e dodaneÌ? zbozÌ?iÌ? okamzÌ?iteÌ? spotrÌ?ebuje. RÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? v reaÌ?lneÌ?m cÌ?ase tak napomaÌ?haÌ? zkvalitneÌ?niÌ? sluzÌ?eb pro zaÌ?kazniÌ?ky, sniÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? naÌ?kladuÌ?, a tiÌ?m zvyÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? konkurenceschopnosti firmy.
+
+OdpoveÌ?dnost zameÌ?stnance za sÌ?kodu
+
+PraÌ?vniÌ? poradna V praÌ?ci jsem prÌ?evzala kalkulacÌ?ku, kterou mi neÌ?kdo ukradl.
+
+AkcionaÌ?rÌ?i chybujiÌ?ciÌ?ch bank jsou na tom huÌ?rÌ?e. PrÌ?isÌ?li o veÌ?tsÌ?inu svyÌ?ch peneÌ?z radikaÌ?lniÌ?m sniÌ?zÌ?eniÌ?m zaÌ?kladniÌ?ho jmeÌ?niÌ?. U PoB sÌ?lo o sniÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? kapitaÌ?lu ze 700 milionuÌ? na pouhyÌ? jeden milion.
+
+Na kongresu americkyÌ?ch vyÌ?robcuÌ? aut informuje zaÌ?stupce GM: Tak vsÌ?em kritikuÌ?m toho neznaÌ?meÌ?ho auta z vyÌ?chodniÌ?ho NeÌ?mecka, toho trabanta, musiÌ?m rÌ?iÌ?ct, zÌ?e firma to bude solidniÌ?: objednali jsme si jeden kus na testovaÌ?niÌ?a oni naÌ?m prÌ?edem poslali papiÌ?rovyÌ? model, kteryÌ? dokonce jezdiÌ?!
+
+Ale s jakyÌ?m bezmeznyÌ?m opovrzÌ?eniÌ?m, dnesÌ?ku nepochopitelnyÌ?m, by stiÌ?hali esteÌ?tskeÌ? typy a smeÌ?ry, ktereÌ? porusÌ?ujiÌ? mravnost a prÌ?itom nenachaÌ?zejiÌ? rozkosÌ?, ktereÌ? znaÌ?silnÌ?ujiÌ? rozum a nedovedou sÌ?iÌ?let a ktereÌ? se spokojujiÌ? s sÌ?asÌ?kovskou cÌ?epiciÌ? bez rolnicÌ?ek! (G. K. Chesterton - Obrana frasÌ?ky)
+
+Podle prÌ?edpokladu odborniÌ?kuÌ? musela na cesteÌ? reagovat s usazeninami. sÌ?ep, cÌ?tk
+
+Marka je nyniÌ? nejlevneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?
+
+Finance: Koruna je staÌ?le v revalvacÌ?niÌ?m paÌ?smu V zaÌ?veÌ?ru minuleÌ?ho tyÌ?dne, v pondeÌ?liÌ? a vcÌ?era byla neÌ?meckaÌ? marka pro naÌ?s nejlevneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? od zacÌ?aÌ?tku roku.
+
+Tam ji takeÌ? za zaÌ?clo nou v okneÌ? spatrÌ?iÌ? cirkusovyÌ? vyvolavacÌ?, kteryÌ? uzÌ?asne nad jejiÌ? spanilostiÌ? a jako jedinyÌ? poznaÌ? jejiÌ? tajemstviÌ?. KdyzÌ? recitovala baÌ?sneÌ?, jejiÌ? rty byly sevrÌ?eny jako zobaÌ?cÌ?ek ptaÌ?ka, jemuzÌ? zapoveÌ?zeno zpiÌ?vat, protozÌ?e nikdo nesmiÌ? poznat, kyÌ?m ve skutecÌ?nosti je.
+
+Podniky a trhy Eurotel: Ode dnesÌ?ka mohou zaÌ?kazniÌ?ci mobilniÌ? digitaÌ?lniÌ? telefonniÌ? siÌ?teÌ? GSM firmy Eurotel pouzÌ?iÌ?vat sveÌ? telefony i v ItaÌ?lii. Ta se tak stala dvanaÌ?ctou zemiÌ?, se kterou maÌ? Eurotel uzavrÌ?enu takzvanou roamingovou smlouvu, kteraÌ? vzaÌ?jemneÌ? volaÌ?niÌ? mezi obeÌ?ma staÌ?ty umozÌ?nÌ?uje.
+
+SmrtelnyÌ? pracovniÌ? uÌ?raz utrpeÌ?l ve strÌ?edu v Dole 9. kveÌ?ten ve StonaveÌ? dvaapadesaÌ?tiletyÌ? J. G. Byl vtazÌ?en do prostoru mezi kleciÌ? a steÌ?nou jaÌ?my a zraneÌ?niÌ?m na miÌ?steÌ? podlehl. Buddhovo ucÌ?eniÌ?.
+
+NezanedbatelnaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st verÌ?ejnosti, podporovaÌ?na v tom originaÌ?lniÌ?mi vyÌ?roky neÌ?kteryÌ?ch opozicÌ?niÌ?ch prÌ?edstaviteluÌ?, dosud chovaÌ? o bankaÌ?ch prÌ?edstavu jako o zlatyÌ?ch palaÌ?ciÌ?ch postavenyÌ?ch za ciziÌ? peniÌ?ze, o bezpracnyÌ?ch zisciÌ?ch, a prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m o zbytecÌ?neÌ?m neproduktivniÌ?m miÌ?steÌ?, kde se netvorÌ?iÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? skutecÌ?neÌ? hodnoty.
+
+Ze zahranicÌ?niÌ?ho tisku
+
+RusoveÌ? dobrovolneÌ? zuÌ?staÌ?vajiÌ? - FINANCIAL TIMES - Pro image Ruska je teÌ?zÌ?kou ranou fakt, zÌ?e se desiÌ?tky ruskyÌ?ch vaÌ?lecÌ?nyÌ?ch zajatcuÌ? odmiÌ?tly vraÌ?tit domuÌ? a rozhodly se radeÌ?ji zuÌ?stat se svyÌ?mi cÌ?ecÌ?enskyÌ?mi veÌ?zniteli.
+
+TakeÌ? proto, zÌ?e k leÌ?cÌ?iteluÌ?m chodiÌ? lideÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? soucÌ?asneÌ? navsÌ?teÌ?vujiÌ? leÌ?karÌ?e nebo byli uzÌ? od leÌ?karÌ?e vysÌ?etrÌ?eni a leÌ?cÌ?itele spiÌ?sÌ? jen zkousÌ?ejiÌ?. LN Co soudiÌ?te o leÌ?cÌ?iteliÌ?ch, kterÌ?iÌ? tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e dokaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? vyleÌ?cÌ?it rakovinu?
+
+Potraviny: VeprÌ?oveÌ? naÌ?m chutnaÌ? CÌ?eskaÌ? republika patrÌ?iÌ? pruÌ?meÌ?rnou rocÌ?niÌ? spotrÌ?ebou veprÌ?oveÌ?ho masa na osobu, kteraÌ? vloni cÌ?inila zhruba 46 kilogramuÌ?, mezi peÌ?t zemiÌ? s nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? spotrÌ?ebou veprÌ?oveÌ?ho v EvropeÌ?.
+
+ZaÌ?beÌ?r HavlovyÌ?ch her je mnohem hlubsÌ?iÌ?, nezÌ? aby jen tak splynuly s neÌ?jakou dobo rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Andrej Krob PrvniÌ? slavnaÌ? hra VaÌ?clava Havla ZahradniÌ? slavnost meÌ?la vcÌ?era premieÌ?ru v prazÌ?skeÌ?m Divadle Na zaÌ?bradliÌ?.
+
+Pokud jsme si miÌ?sto vybrali, vydezinfikujeme je roztokem, kteryÌ? vyzÌ?ene bacily, a zamkneme dverÌ?e.
+
+PolicisteÌ? neumeÌ?jiÌ? cÌ?i nechteÌ?jiÌ? vyuzÌ?iÌ?vat vsÌ?ech mozÌ?nostiÌ? zaÌ?kona ihned a naplno. Jen z maleÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti se podarÌ?ilo obraÌ?tit motivaci policistuÌ? od doziÌ?raÌ?niÌ? nad obcÌ?any ke sluzÌ?beÌ? pro ty slusÌ?neÌ?.
+
+Tyto zmeÌ?ny oproti roku 1953 prÌ?edstavovaly naÌ?ruÌ?st cen jiÌ?zdneÌ?ho o 320 %, zatiÌ?mco naprÌ?iÌ?klad vyÌ?voj cen v meÌ?stskeÌ? hromadneÌ? dopraveÌ? zaznamenal k letosÌ?niÌ?mu roku naÌ?ruÌ?st za srovnatelneÌ? obdobiÌ? azÌ? o 2000 %.
+
+MiÌ?sto planeÌ?ho konstatovaÌ?niÌ?, zÌ?e bytuÌ? v CÌ?R je v podstateÌ? dostatek, snazÌ?iÌ? se materiaÌ?l nastiÌ?nit, co je nutneÌ? udeÌ?lat pro to, abych jich dostatek skutecÌ?neÌ? byl, a to i v cenovyÌ?ch relaciÌ?ch dostupnyÌ?ch meÌ?neÌ? majetnyÌ?m rodinaÌ?m a jedincuÌ?m.
+
+SuÌ?ddeutsche Zeitung lze jen doporucÌ?it, aby si sveÌ? informace nazdrojoval u viÌ?ce politickyÌ?ch stran nezÌ? u jedneÌ? sociaÌ?lneÌ?demokratickeÌ?. FrancouzskyÌ? tisk se mimo drobnyÌ?ch noticek vuÌ?bec k cÌ?eskyÌ?m senaÌ?tniÌ?m volbaÌ?m nevyjadrÌ?uje.
+
+Podle BratskeÌ?ho a Paroubka by tyto peniÌ?ze meÌ?ly slouzÌ?it k podporÌ?e vsÌ?ech druhuÌ? vyÌ?stavby bytuÌ?. PrÌ?edpoklaÌ?daÌ?me, zÌ?e by se v Praze staveÌ?lo 500 azÌ? 1000 meÌ?stskyÌ?ch bytuÌ? sociaÌ?lniÌ? povahy rocÌ?neÌ?, ale nejen to.
+
+Wild Duck Podle analytickeÌ?ho oddeÌ?leniÌ? W. D. a BalsÌ?iÌ?nka z Novy telefonoval VaÌ?clav Klaus sveÌ? mamince, kdyzÌ? se shaÌ?neÌ?l, kam mu prÌ?isÌ?ly hlasovaciÌ? liÌ?stky, naprosto opraÌ?vneÌ?neÌ?. PremieÌ?r je totizÌ? u maminky staÌ?le trvale hlaÌ?sÌ?en, kam jinam by mu tedy meÌ?ly prÌ?ijiÌ?t.
+
+Klienta neodmiÌ?tneme, ale snazÌ?iÌ?me se mu objasnit, zÌ?e jeho prÌ?edstava neodpoviÌ?daÌ? skutecÌ?neÌ?mu trhu praÌ?ce.
+
+BlahoprÌ?eji. KraÌ?tce
+
+PracovniÌ? miÌ?sta pro poldovaÌ?ky Kladno: KladenskyÌ? trh praÌ?ce je v relativneÌ? kraÌ?tkeÌ? dobeÌ? schopen prÌ?ijmout azÌ? 2000 zameÌ?stnancuÌ? Poldi. PodmiÌ?nkou vsÌ?ak je, aby se tak deÌ?lo rÌ?iÌ?zenyÌ?m zpuÌ?sobem. Uvedl to vcÌ?era rÌ?editel miÌ?stniÌ?ho uÌ?rÌ?adu praÌ?ce Miloslav Tauber.
+
+PrÌ?ijatelneÌ? upraveneÌ? budou cÌ?ervenaÌ? a modraÌ? sjezdovka, zatiÌ?mco dokonale preparovanyÌ? sniÌ?h na cÌ?erneÌ? bude vyhrazÌ?en slalomaÌ?rÌ?kaÌ?m EvropskeÌ?ho pohaÌ?ru. V ostatniÌ?ch strÌ?edisciÌ?ch bude provoz vlekuÌ? omezenyÌ? sneÌ?hovou situaciÌ?, ale i zaÌ?jmem lyzÌ?arÌ?uÌ?. TrÌ?eba v Peci pojedou o viÌ?kendu jen vleky na Smrk a ZahraÌ?dky.
+
+To je veÌ?ciÌ? minulosti. Djindjic tehdy postupoval jako politickyÌ? pragmatik. NyniÌ? je bez jakyÌ?chkoliv pochyb orientovanyÌ? proevropsky a proamericky.
+
+Projevuje se v nich umeÌ?lcuÌ?v obdiv k pestreÌ? barevnosti, banaliteÌ? a dekorativniÌ?mu stylu, k vrÌ?elyÌ?m pocituÌ?m a erotickeÌ? uvolneÌ?nosti, k organickyÌ?m materiaÌ?luÌ?m, prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ? a jejiÌ? plodnosti, k osvobodivyÌ?m viziÌ?m, ktereÌ? mohou byÌ?t uskutecÌ?neÌ?ny jen s lehkostiÌ?.
+
+31. 3. Stovky obyvatel Hongkongu demonstrovaly proti obnoveniÌ? cÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ? svrchovanosti k 1. 7. 97. 31. 3. Od puÌ?lnoci 31. 3. jsou na prÌ?iÌ?kaz ruskeÌ?ho prezidenta Jelcina zastaveny vsÌ?echny bojoveÌ? akce federaÌ?lniÌ? armaÌ?dy na uÌ?zemiÌ? CÌ?ecÌ?enska ;
+
+Kvalifikace o semifinaÌ?le: 5. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? v Montrealu druhyÌ? ze severoamerickeÌ? skupiny - trÌ?etiÌ? z evropskeÌ? skupiny, 6. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? v OttaweÌ? druhyÌ? z evropskeÌ? skupiny - trÌ?etiÌ? ze severoamerickeÌ? skupiny. Jokerit Helsinky je opeÌ?t nejlepsÌ?iÌ?m hokejovyÌ?m klubem v EvropeÌ?
+
+Ve SpojenyÌ?ch staÌ?tech dnes Reader ' s Digest patrÌ?iÌ? mezi trojici nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?ch nakladatelskyÌ?ch domuÌ?. PodnikatelskaÌ? taktika Reader ' s Digest je jednoduchaÌ?. NaÌ?stup na novyÌ? trh zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? masivniÌ? zaÌ?silkovou akciÌ? - i negativniÌ? odpoveÌ?dÌ? na nabiÌ?dku cÌ?asopisu pak zarÌ?adiÌ? respondenta do databaÌ?ze potenciaÌ?lniÌ?ch partneruÌ?.
+
+NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? siÌ?tÌ? pobocÌ?ek maÌ? CÌ?eskaÌ? sporÌ?itelna a pro mimoprazÌ?skeÌ? zaÌ?jemce jsou lehce dostupneÌ? i prÌ?epaÌ?zÌ?ky InvesticÌ?niÌ? a PosÌ?tovniÌ? banky. JejiÌ? CÌ?eskomoravskaÌ? hypotecÌ?niÌ? maÌ? pracovniÌ?ky teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? v kazÌ?deÌ?m okresniÌ?m meÌ?steÌ?.
+
+PosledniÌ? celek tabulky, smiÌ?rÌ?enyÌ? s bojem o zaÌ?chranu, prÌ?ijel bez neÌ?kolika opor a dal tiÌ?m najevo, zÌ?e BudeÌ?joviciÌ?m cestu do elitniÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?ky nezkomplikuje. OdevzdanyÌ?m vystoupeniÌ?m prÌ?edpoklad potvrdil a nechal hraÌ?t pouze domaÌ?ciÌ? muzÌ?stvo. Branky: 35., 54. a 57.
+
+"OloupeniÌ? podnikateleÌ? tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e prÌ?isÌ?li o peniÌ?ze a zbozÌ?iÌ? za 160 tisiÌ?c korun," uzavrÌ?el Soukup. ZÌ?haÌ?rÌ? zapaÌ?lil byÌ?valaÌ? kasaÌ?rna Tachov - V noci na sobotu zacÌ?aly horÌ?et trÌ?i zdeÌ?neÌ? objekty podnikatelskeÌ? zoÌ?ny v byÌ?valyÌ?ch kasaÌ?rnaÌ?ch v TachoveÌ?.
+
+Dlask -2: 30, 29. HromaÌ?dka (vsÌ?ichni CÌ?R) -3: O6. ZaÌ?vod elity, 27218 km, 9 o kruhuÌ?: 1. van der Poel (Niz.) 56: 12 min., pruÌ?meÌ?r 29053 km. 2.
+
+HodneÌ? se hovorÌ?iÌ? o australskeÌ?m sniÌ?mku Babe, jehozÌ? rezÌ?iseÌ?ra Chrise Noonana ocenili newyorsÌ?tiÌ? filmoviÌ? kritici za nejlepsÌ?iÌ? debut roku. PrÌ?edoscaroveÌ? napeÌ?tiÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? zvysÌ?uje obrovskaÌ? reklamniÌ? kampanÌ?, v niÌ?zÌ? jednotliveÌ? sniÌ?mky vyzdvihujiÌ? literaÌ?ti jako John Updike, William Styron cÌ?i Kurt Vonnegut. Filharmonie maÌ? novyÌ? organizacÌ?niÌ? rÌ?aÌ?d
+
+13. 2. -16. 2. Pro lepsÌ?iÌ? bydleniÌ? 96 - vyÌ?stava ve VeletrzÌ?niÌ?m palaÌ?ci v Praze je veÌ?novaÌ?na stavebnictviÌ?. Pro naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ky je zde prÌ?ipravena nabiÌ?dka rodinnyÌ?ch domkuÌ? a stavebniÌ?ch pozemkuÌ?, ale takeÌ? sluzÌ?by spojeneÌ? s jejich financÌ?niÌ?m zabezpecÌ?eniÌ?m.
+
+Expozice je doplneÌ?na i ukaÌ?zkami naÌ?lezuÌ?, ktereÌ? archeologoveÌ? objevili ve VltaveÌ?, a kovanyÌ?mi prÌ?edmeÌ?ty z malostranskyÌ?ch domuÌ?. ZaÌ?veÌ?rem prohliÌ?dky mohou naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ci vystoupit na veÌ?zÌ?niÌ? ochoz.
+
+Do auta mu drogy uÌ?dajneÌ? dal kdosi napojenyÌ? na prostitutku, s niÌ?zÌ? se seznaÌ?mil na naÌ?drazÌ?iÌ? v CÌ?echaÌ?ch a kterou pak svezl za 300 marek do BukuresÌ?ti.
+
+Okocha - 2. Haber, 5. Gilewicz), Rostock - Uerdingen 1: 0 (48. Beinlich z pen.). FrancouzskaÌ? liga: Auxerre - Bordeaux 2: 0 (6. Blanc z pen., 47.
+
+StB tvrdila, zÌ?e ZaÌ?pad chteÌ?l v roce ' 68 zasaÌ?hnout Praha - Dosud nezverÌ?ejneÌ?neÌ? materiaÌ?ly z archivu byÌ?valeÌ? komunistickeÌ? rozveÌ?dky obsahujiÌ? tvrzeniÌ?, zÌ?e SeveroatlantickaÌ? aliance byla v roce 1968 prÌ?ipravena k vojenskeÌ? intervenci, aby pomohla tehdejsÌ?iÌ?mu reformniÌ?mu hnutiÌ? v CÌ?eskoslovensku.
+
+JedinyÌ? zpuÌ?sob, jak sÌ?ikanu vymyÌ?tit uÌ?plneÌ?, vidiÌ?m v systeÌ?mu takoveÌ? vojenskeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?pravy, kteraÌ? nedovoliÌ?, aby podmiÌ?nky prÌ?iÌ?zniveÌ? pro sÌ?ikanu vuÌ?bec vznikly.
+
+BlahoprÌ?aÌ?la mu celaÌ? ItaÌ?lie. MuzÌ?i, kteryÌ? jako hraÌ?cÌ? nic neznamenal, ale diÌ?k treneÌ?rskeÌ?mu koniÌ?cÌ?ku se stal proslulyÌ?m.
+
+Firma se zaÌ?kladniÌ?m jmeÌ?niÌ?m 73 milionuÌ? loni vykaÌ?zala obrat neceleÌ? puÌ?l miliardy korun a dosaÌ?hla zisku asi patnaÌ?ct milionuÌ? korun. S vyÌ?platou podiÌ?luÌ? na zisku ovsÌ?em akcionaÌ?rÌ?i nemohou pocÌ?iÌ?tat. "NeÌ?kolik dalsÌ?iÌ?ch let nebudeme dividendy vyplaÌ?cet a radeÌ?ji vsÌ?e investujeme," prohlaÌ?sil rÌ?editel.
+
+Existuje podle vaÌ?s urcÌ?itaÌ? souvislost mezi probleÌ?my, ktereÌ? maÌ? na cesteÌ? do EU Slovinsko s ItaÌ?liiÌ? (kvuÌ?li nim nemaÌ? dosud ani asociacÌ?niÌ? dohodu), a naÌ?roky neÌ?kteryÌ?ch sudetskyÌ?ch NeÌ?mcuÌ? vuÌ?cÌ?i CÌ?eskeÌ? republice?
+
+CelkoveÌ? na tom vydeÌ?laly obeÌ? strany - obcÌ?aneÌ? i vlaÌ?da, " prohlaÌ?sil analytik Patria Finance Charles Kulp. Mezi ekonomy je za pruÌ?meÌ?rnyÌ? vyÌ?nos povazÌ?ovaÌ?na suma deset azÌ? dvanaÌ?ct tisiÌ?c korun. PrÌ?esnaÌ? cÌ?iÌ?sla o tom, kdo kolik vydeÌ?lal, vsÌ?ak neexistujiÌ?.
+
+ManazÌ?er Chovanec chce, abychom podepsali smlouvu jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?ed odletem na mistrovstviÌ? Evropy. " VladimiÌ?r SÌ?micer byl v sobotu prÌ?i dostihoveÌ?m odpoledni v Chuchli v sedle sulky, vecÌ?er se slaÌ?visteÌ? v prÌ?iÌ?tomnosti prezidenta republiky VaÌ?clava Havla v prazÌ?skeÌ?m ZÌ?ofiÌ?neÌ? rozloucÌ?ili se sezoÌ?nou.
+
+Bonn - SpolkovyÌ? ministr zahranicÌ?iÌ? Klaus Kinkel prohlaÌ?sil vcÌ?era v bonnskeÌ?m sneÌ?mu, zÌ?e neÌ?mecko - cÌ?eskeÌ? rozhovory o spolecÌ?neÌ? deklaraci znacÌ?neÌ? pokrocÌ?ily. "Pozice obou stran se sblizÌ?ujiÌ? a v rÌ?adeÌ? nejduÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch otaÌ?zek bylo dosazÌ?eno porozumeÌ?niÌ?," rÌ?ekl v rozpraveÌ? na toto teÌ?ma.
+
+Nepochopitelnou nesoustrÌ?edeÌ?nost zadniÌ?ch rÌ?ad vedouciÌ?ho muzÌ?stva potrestali RusoveÌ? podruheÌ? uzÌ? osm minut po prÌ?estaÌ?vce podruheÌ?, zdrcujiÌ?ciÌ? naÌ?jezd na Koubu ukoncÌ?il vyrovnaÌ?vaciÌ?m goÌ?lem Tetradze.
+
+II. tah: 12, 16, 23, 25, 34, 48, dodatkoveÌ? cÌ?iÌ?slo: 21. SÌ?ance: 458870. VyÌ?hry.
+
+PodobnyÌ? uÌ?kol maÌ? miÌ?t i proslulyÌ? miÌ?rotvorce Richard Holbrook, jenzÌ? tento tyÌ?den coby zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? emisar USA opeÌ?t po delsÌ?iÌ? dobeÌ? navsÌ?tiÌ?viÌ? BalkaÌ?n.
+
+podiÌ?lel se na strÌ?ihovyÌ?ch porÌ?adech pro televizi a na festivaloveÌ? kronice z karlovarskeÌ?ho festivalu s Miroslavem HorniÌ?cÌ?kem. PosledniÌ? rozloucÌ?eniÌ? s JirÌ?iÌ?m PapousÌ?kem se konaÌ? ve strÌ?edu 24. cÌ?ervence v 11 hodin v obrÌ?adniÌ? siÌ?ni v Praze - OlsÌ?anech. Pro Sarajevany byl filmovyÌ? dar prÌ?iÌ?jemnyÌ?m osveÌ?zÌ?eniÌ?m
+
+TiÌ?m se ovsÌ?em nasÌ?e praÌ?vniÌ? uÌ?prava ocitaÌ? zcela mimo puÌ?vodniÌ? smysl imunity. JestlizÌ?e totizÌ? poslaÌ?niÌ?m imunity byla ochrana parlamentu jako instituce prÌ?ed sveÌ?volnyÌ?mi zaÌ?sahy ze strany vyÌ?konneÌ? moci (zejmeÌ?na panovniÌ?ka), dnes je imunita spiÌ?sÌ?e chaÌ?paÌ?na jako osobniÌ? privilegium poslancuÌ?.
+
+K transparentnosti financÌ?niÌ?ho trhu prÌ?ispeÌ?je i ustanoveniÌ?, zÌ?e SCP je povinno na zÌ?aÌ?dost poskytnout informaci o majiteli deseti a viÌ?ce procent akciiÌ? urcÌ?iteÌ? spolecÌ?nosti vcÌ?etneÌ? uvedeniÌ? tohoto podiÌ?lu.
+
+RadniÌ? SyÌ?kora se ciÌ?tiÌ? byÌ?t tercÌ?em kampaneÌ? vedeneÌ? proti sveÌ? osobeÌ? PrÌ?edsedkyneÌ? druzÌ?stva tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e by s prÌ?evodem naÌ?jmu nesouhlasili Praha - PrÌ?i prÌ?echodu naÌ?jmu bytu z jedneÌ? osoby na druhou maÌ? podle schvaÌ?lenyÌ?ch pravidel prvniÌ? meÌ?stskaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st vyzÌ?adovat vyjaÌ?drÌ?eniÌ? spraÌ?vce domu.
+
+RovneÌ?zÌ? lze na neÌ?m sotva pozÌ?adovat, aby se odsteÌ?hoval na chatu cÌ?i ke svyÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?buznyÌ?m. Spor na pracovisÌ?ti je beÌ?zÌ?naÌ? veÌ?c, ale musiÌ? se rÌ?esÌ?it vcÌ?as a slusÌ?neÌ? PrÌ?edstava, zÌ?e lze dlouhodobeÌ? prÌ?edchaÌ?zet sporuÌ?m na pracovisÌ?ti, je blaÌ?hovaÌ?, a dokonce nebezpecÌ?naÌ?.
+
+SplaÌ?tky uÌ?veÌ?ru proto nesÌ?ly z konta Bohemie Art, ale z uÌ?cÌ?tuÌ? Poldi, kteraÌ? dosud z 45 procent patrÌ?iÌ? staÌ?tu. SÌ?eÌ?f Poldi i Bohemie Art VladimiÌ?r StehliÌ?k hodlaÌ? v nejblizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? budoucnosti baliÌ?k obvineÌ?niÌ? ve sporu mezi staÌ?tem a BohemiiÌ? Art rozmnozÌ?it.
+
+Sotva vsÌ?ak auto ujelo peÌ?t set metruÌ? od stanovisÌ?teÌ? v centru meÌ?sta, muzÌ? z monteÌ?rek vytaÌ?hl rozbitou laÌ?hev od piva a strÌ?ep prÌ?itlacÌ?il rÌ?idicÌ?i na krk. "A tak jedem," krÌ?ikl prÌ?itom. " NeÌ?kolik vterÌ?in jsem nechaÌ?pal, co se deÌ?je.
+
+Program je provaÌ?deÌ?n doslova tak, jak jste jej zapsali, pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ? si nemuÌ?zÌ?e domyslet vuÌ?bec nic. JednoznacÌ?naÌ? a doslovnaÌ? interpretace programu pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?em je asi nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? obtiÌ?zÌ?iÌ?, se kterou se musiÌ? vyporÌ?aÌ?dat zacÌ?aÌ?tecÌ?niÌ?ci v programovaÌ?niÌ?.
+
+Podniku se zaÌ?kladniÌ?m jmeÌ?niÌ?m 700 milionuÌ? korun se v lonÌ?skeÌ?m roce podarÌ?ilo prÌ?i obratu okolo 1.55 miliardy korun sniÌ?zÌ?it uÌ?cÌ?etniÌ? ztraÌ?tu z prÌ?edchoziÌ?ch viÌ?ce nezÌ? 122 milionuÌ? korun na 5.3 milionu korun. V letosÌ?niÌ?m roce hodlaÌ? prÌ?ekonat obdobiÌ? ztraÌ?t a vytvorÌ?it prÌ?es 20 milionuÌ? korun zisku.
+
+Ottawa se stala hlavniÌ?m meÌ?stem Kanady uzÌ? roku 1867, kdy BritoveÌ? poskytli sveÌ? kolonii veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? samospraÌ?vu. DrÌ?iÌ?ve si vsÌ?ak tuto roli vyzkousÌ?elo anglickeÌ? Toronto a francouzskyÌ? Montreal.
+
+V uÌ?teryÌ? se reprezentanti prÌ?esunujiÌ? do Teplic, kde si vecÌ?er opeÌ?t zatreÌ?nujiÌ?. StrÌ?edecÌ?niÌ? kvalifikacÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?pas pro sveÌ?tovyÌ? sÌ?ampionaÌ?t 1998 ve Francii zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? v 16.30. VelkaÌ? trojka odlozÌ?ila loucÌ?eniÌ? azÌ? na Nagano
+
+Francie nechala razit mince s ChlodviÌ?kem a chystaÌ? se k vyÌ?rocÌ?iÌ? jeho krÌ?tu vydat znaÌ?mky.
+
+MinistrÌ?i prÌ?edlozÌ?iÌ? parlamentu rozpocÌ?et jako vyrovnanyÌ?, s prÌ?iÌ?jmy a vyÌ?daji ve vyÌ?sÌ?i zhruba 549 miliard korun. Na vyÌ?stavbu naÌ?jemniÌ?ch bytuÌ? pocÌ?iÌ?taÌ? rozpocÌ?et s cÌ?aÌ?stkou 3.45 miliardy korun, a lidovcuÌ?m se tedy ve vlaÌ?deÌ? nepodarÌ?ilo vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? sumu prosadit. PrÌ?esto i oni s naÌ?vrhem staÌ?tniÌ?ch financiÌ? souhlasili.
+
+"SÌ?veÌ?dsÌ?tinu jsem se zacÌ?al ucÌ?it prÌ?ed dveÌ?ma roky. Se spoluhraÌ?cÌ?i jsem se ale snadno domluvil i anglicky. SÌ?veÌ?dsÌ?tina neniÌ? tak teÌ?zÌ?kaÌ?, a proto jsem ji zvlaÌ?dl za rok." ProbleÌ?mem byl spiÌ?sÌ? prÌ?echod ze SÌ?veÌ?dska do Prahy.
+
+ProcÌ? se o neÌ? tedy tak urputneÌ? bojuje? JisteÌ?, pod ostrovy je ropa, mozÌ?naÌ?. Ale v banku je neÌ?co veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?ho. Vietnam a FilipiÌ?ny chteÌ?jiÌ? ukaÌ?zat Pekingu, zÌ?e JihocÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ? morÌ?e se nikdy nestane cÌ?iÌ?nskyÌ?m jezerem, shodujiÌ? se diplomateÌ? v Manile.
+
+RÌ?editel FakultniÌ? Thomayerovy nemocnice Pavel ZelniÌ?cÌ?ek uvedl, zÌ?e jednotka je urcÌ?enaÌ? pacientuÌ?m, kterÌ?iÌ? budou leÌ?cÌ?eni vysokodaÌ?vkovou chemoterapiiÌ?. "Budeme tady pouzÌ?iÌ?vat takeÌ? metodu autotransplantace buneÌ?k," sdeÌ?lil rÌ?editel.
+
+SvyÌ?m neohrozÌ?enyÌ?m trÌ?iÌ?deÌ?niÌ?m kandidaÌ?tuÌ? tak vlastneÌ? provedla nulteÌ? kolo senaÌ?tniÌ?ch voleb. PrvniÌ? a druheÌ? probeÌ?hne v listopadu za uÌ?cÌ?asti volicÌ?uÌ?. TermiÌ?n posledniÌ?ho, trÌ?etiÌ?ho kola zatiÌ?m jesÌ?teÌ? neniÌ? znaÌ?m. Tento konecÌ?nyÌ? vyÌ?beÌ?r obstaraÌ? samotnyÌ? ValdsÌ?tejnskyÌ? palaÌ?c, azÌ? se zrÌ?iÌ?tiÌ? na hlavy senaÌ?toruÌ?.
+
+To ale neniÌ? starost ministerstva, ale firmy, na kterou je letadlo psaÌ?no, " dodal Grogol. CharterovaÌ? spolecÌ?nost Terrex Group na zacÌ?aÌ?tku letosÌ?niÌ? sezony oznaÌ?mila svyÌ?m klientuÌ?m, zÌ?e rusÌ?iÌ? vsÌ?echny naplaÌ?novaneÌ? lety. MajiteleÌ? spolecÌ?nosti sveÌ? potiÌ?zÌ?e oduÌ?vodnili prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? vysokyÌ?mi naÌ?klady na provoz.
+
+Obchod musiÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? formaÌ?lneÌ? schvaÌ?lit vedeniÌ? NHL. NeÌ?meckaÌ? hokejovaÌ? liga 8. kolo: Landshut - Haie 0: 2, BerliÌ?n Capitals - Mannheim 0: 3, Schwenninger - Krefeld 2: 4, Augsburger - Ratinger 6: 2.
+
+CiÌ?le pro sezonu zhodnotil treneÌ?r MitaÌ?cÌ? slovy: "ChteÌ?li bychom dosaÌ?hnout lepsÌ?iÌ?ch vyÌ?sledkuÌ? nezÌ? Olomouc a Brno. PodstatneÌ? vsÌ?ak budou vyÌ?sledky v nadstavbeÌ? a play - off." Jak se prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? do jineÌ?ho stavu
+
+JedineÌ? rozumneÌ? rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?, ktereÌ? existuje, je respektovat praÌ?vo cÌ?loveÌ?ka na svuÌ?j naÌ?zor, " oduÌ?vodnil sveÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? Wagner. Dodal, zÌ?e pokud je poslancuÌ?m upiÌ?raÌ?na mozÌ?nost svobodneÌ?ho rozhodnutiÌ?, ve sneÌ?movneÌ? by mohlo byÌ?t jen sÌ?est poslancuÌ?.
+
+PohaÌ?dky je zaujmou urcÌ?iteÌ? viÌ?ce nezÌ? politickeÌ? brozÌ?ury, " rÌ?ekl Benda. PrÌ?aÌ?teleÌ? piva podporÌ?iÌ? sociaÌ?lniÌ? demokraty Jihlava - Asi osm tisiÌ?c cÌ?lenuÌ? SdruzÌ?eniÌ? prÌ?aÌ?tel piva hodlaÌ? ve volbaÌ?ch do SenaÌ?tu podporovat kandidaÌ?ty sociaÌ?lniÌ? demokracie.
+
+UzÌ? jsem nestacÌ?il uhnout, a tak jsem jen nastavil ruku, " vypoveÌ?deÌ?l BartosÌ?. Charamsovi naopak poprÌ?eli, zÌ?e by Charamsa krumpaÌ?cÌ?em uÌ?tocÌ?il, a jejich obhaÌ?jce tvrdil, zÌ?e BartosÌ? se zranil saÌ?m, kdyzÌ? bil obzÌ?alovaneÌ?ho, jenzÌ? lezÌ?el na zemi a braÌ?nil se nohama.
+
+Dama Dama 2. Hraje StrÌ?edoevropskyÌ? soubor biciÌ?ch naÌ?strojuÌ? Dama Dama. CD, 79 minut. Vydala firma Wolf Records. Krajina stiÌ?nuÌ? maÌ? bolestnyÌ? stiÌ?n
+
+RoweovaÌ? znaÌ? Jacksona uzÌ? patnaÌ?ct let a byla puÌ?vodneÌ? jeho osÌ?etrÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? sestrou, kdyzÌ? se zpeÌ?vaÌ?k leÌ?cÌ?il z chorobneÌ?ho blednutiÌ? kuÌ?zÌ?e.
+
+Podle neÌ?ho bude poptaÌ?vka plneÌ? uspokojena asi azÌ? v prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?m roce. TovaÌ?rna prÌ?itom podle zverÌ?ejneÌ?nyÌ?ch plaÌ?nuÌ? slibuje dodaÌ?vat vuÌ?z za peÌ?t dniÌ? od objednaÌ?vky.
+
+Oba zahynuli prÌ?i explozi auta, v neÌ?mzÌ? byla umiÌ?steÌ?na vyÌ?busÌ?nina. PrÌ?ed budovou soudu na SmiÌ?choveÌ? kontrolovali prÌ?iÌ?slusÌ?niÌ?ci justicÌ?niÌ? straÌ?zÌ?e kazÌ?deÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?choziÌ?ho, zda nemaÌ? zbranÌ?. StraÌ?zÌ?ci v soudniÌ? siÌ?ni byli ozbrojeni pistolemi a neÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? i brokovnicemi.
+
+Tento zpuÌ?sob regulace trhu ovsÌ?em oznacÌ?ujiÌ? za kraÌ?tkodobyÌ? a shodujiÌ? se i s naÌ?kupniÌ?mi firmami v tom, zÌ?e zhruba do konce dubna bude vypracovaÌ?n novyÌ? systeÌ?m. Ten by meÌ?l nahradit dosavadniÌ? StaÌ?tniÌ? fond trzÌ?niÌ? regulace, jemuzÌ? se zaÌ?sahy do obilniÌ?ho trhu letos zcela vymkly z rukou.
+
+Jen na polovineÌ? tricÌ?ek znacÌ?eniÌ? odpoviÌ?dalo. U 3K Polo, Ponte Vecchio a H. I. S. chybeÌ?lo doporucÌ?eniÌ? pro prÌ?iÌ?padneÌ? susÌ?eniÌ? v susÌ?icÌ?ce. Z naÌ?sÌ?ivek tricÌ?ek Club Med a Hanes se zase zaÌ?kazniÌ?k nedoviÌ?, zda je muÌ?zÌ?e daÌ?t do chemickeÌ? cÌ?istiÌ?rny.
+
+SobotniÌ? odveta v Plzni (od 15 hodin) se tak stala uzÌ? jen prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itostiÌ? pro oslavy. "NemaÌ?me superhveÌ?zdy, ale nasÌ?i koncepci kolektivniÌ?ho pojetiÌ? hry se snazÌ?iÌ? odkoukat i sveÌ?tovaÌ? sÌ?picÌ?ka," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Haber.
+
+Ostrava - Lovosice 28: 16. NejviÌ?c branek: L. Joannidis 6, KrcÌ?maÌ?rÌ? 6/4, Prepsl a HrbaÌ?cÌ? 4 Srba 6/2, Bojko 3. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: Valenta a BubeniÌ?cÌ?ek. SedmimetroveÌ? hody: 4/4: 3/2.
+
+V. Bure, as. RucÌ?inskyÌ?), Dallas - Philadelphia 3: 6 (22. Nieuwendyk, 44. Modano, 44. Hatcher - 53. a 60. Renberg, 10. Brind ' Amour, 23. Klatt, 35.
+
+Je na naÌ?s, abychom ji vybavili konstrukciÌ?, jezÌ? unese vaÌ?hu vsÌ?ech novyÌ?ch zemiÌ?. VrazÌ?edneÌ? uÌ?toky opeÌ?t vyhrotily vztahy PalestincuÌ? s Izraelem
+
+I rozhodovaÌ?niÌ? politickyÌ?ch sboruÌ?. HlasovaÌ?niÌ?, veÌ?tsÌ?inovaÌ? vuÌ?le je vyÌ?sledkem demokratickeÌ?ho procesu. Ale ten byl demokratickyÌ?m jen tehdy, kdyzÌ? respektoval mensÌ?inovaÌ? stanoviska a naÌ?zory. NeÌ?kde je hranice, kteraÌ? je neprÌ?ijatelnou meziÌ? tyranie veÌ?tsÌ?iny.
+
+Kompletuje skladby, ktereÌ? Cale nahraÌ?l v polovineÌ? sedmdesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let pro firmu Island.
+
+"CiÌ?lem je prÌ?ejiÌ?t na puÌ?vodniÌ? smiÌ?sÌ?eneÌ? porosty. Je to ale zaÌ?lezÌ?itost cÌ?tyrÌ?iceti azÌ? padesaÌ?ti let," miÌ?niÌ? Kroutil.
+
+McEnroe si nemysliÌ?, zÌ?e jeho deÌ?ti potrÌ?ebujiÌ? sportovce jako vzory. Ne snad proto, zÌ?e on saÌ?m by byl sÌ?patnyÌ?m vzorem. DomniÌ?vaÌ? se vsÌ?ak, zÌ?e deÌ?ti nejsou zÌ?aÌ?dniÌ? hlupaÌ?ci, kterÌ?iÌ? ho budou napodobovat, jak krÌ?icÌ?iÌ? na rozhodcÌ?iÌ?ho.
+
+Na dalsÌ?iÌ? kvalifikacÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?pas 27. dubna v Plzni se SÌ?paneÌ?lskem musiÌ? volejbalisteÌ? cÌ?ekat cÌ?tyrÌ?i meÌ?siÌ?ce. "Kluci se potrÌ?ebujiÌ? sehraÌ?t a byÌ?t viÌ?c spolu," rÌ?ekl Nekola, kteryÌ? plaÌ?nuje od 8. dubna soustrÌ?edeÌ?niÌ?.
+
+ZÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? z nich neniÌ? prÌ?edem prÌ?ipraven, vsÌ?e se deÌ?laÌ? na objednaÌ?vku, cÌ?asto prÌ?ed zraky hosta, zaÌ?sadneÌ? z cÌ?erstvyÌ?ch ingredienciÌ?. TristniÌ? stav, jak jej pamatujeme od let padesaÌ?tyÌ?ch, se po roce 1989 nezlepsÌ?il, naopak: k zakorÌ?eneÌ?nyÌ?m zlozvykuÌ?m prÌ?ibyly noveÌ?.
+
+10/96 Z DOMOVA NemuÌ?zÌ?eme deÌ?lat, zÌ?e se nic nedeÌ?je VzornaÌ? nespolupraÌ?ce ODS a ODA v Hradci KraÌ?loveÌ? komunaÌ?lniÌ? politika Dejme tomu, zÌ?e by ObcÌ?anskeÌ? hnutiÌ? v minulyÌ?ch volbaÌ?ch nepropadlo, ale naopak ziÌ?skalo trÌ?eba deset procent hlasuÌ?.
+
+Oba byÌ?vali bliÌ?zciÌ? prÌ?aÌ?teleÌ? a ocÌ?ividneÌ? sdiÌ?leli i rÌ?adu spolecÌ?nyÌ?ch politickyÌ?ch ideaÌ?luÌ?. Pcheng Ming - min zacÌ?al v roce 1964 otevrÌ?eneÌ? pozÌ?adovat demokratizaci politickeÌ?ho zÌ?ivota a - jako jeden z prvniÌ?ch - takeÌ? nezaÌ?vislost Tchaj - wanu. V dobeÌ? CÌ?ankajsÌ?kova vojenskeÌ?ho rezÌ?imu byly ovsÌ?em takoveÌ? mysÌ?lenky tabu.
+
+DeÌ?lniÌ?ci pracujiÌ? ve dvoutyÌ?denniÌ?ch turnusech - 15 dnuÌ? traÌ?viÌ? v zakaÌ?zaneÌ? zoÌ?neÌ?, 15 dnuÌ? pak odpocÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ? doma. Z posledniÌ?ch dvou vesnic prÌ?ed elektraÌ?rnou zbyly jen tabule s naÌ?zvy KopacÌ?e, Leljov, a tu a tam rozhaÌ?zeneÌ? stareÌ? sady.
+
+NeÌ?jakyÌ? smeÌ?r utlumit nebo neÌ?jakeÌ? lidi odstavit, to nejde hned. NaviÌ?c ti lideÌ? majiÌ? cÌ?asto velice bliÌ?zko do duÌ?chodu. PrÌ?ece by nikoho neposÌ?kodilo, kdyby se zverÌ?ejnila tabulka o tom, zÌ?e neÌ?ktereÌ? fakulty cÌ?i uÌ?stavy jsou lepsÌ?iÌ? nebo horsÌ?iÌ?.
+
+Ti jsou viditelniÌ?, na rozdiÌ?l od obyvateluÌ? sveÌ?ta fyzickeÌ?ho, pouze mediaÌ?lneÌ?, zprostrÌ?edkovaneÌ?. SveÌ?t, kteryÌ? neniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stupnyÌ? meÌ?diiÌ?m a instituciÌ?m (neniÌ? zprostrÌ?edkovanyÌ? a zprostrÌ?edkujiÌ?ciÌ?), je obyÌ?vaÌ?n temnyÌ?mi silami (deÌ?mony a dusÌ?emi mrtvyÌ?ch, je podobneÌ? jako neobydlenyÌ? individuaÌ?lniÌ? chaos novyÌ?m chaosem.
+
+StejneÌ? emoce jako my VsÌ?echna praÌ?va na prÌ?enos olympijskyÌ?ch her (OH) v AtlanteÌ? koupila NBC, jedna z nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?ch americkyÌ?ch televizniÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ?.
+
+Je staÌ?le literaÌ?rneÌ? cÌ?innyÌ?, piÌ?sÌ?e cÌ?esky i neÌ?mecky. Jako diplomat se snazÌ?iÌ?te budovat silneÌ? cÌ?eskeÌ? pozice v cizineÌ?.
+
+Proto bylo nakonec rozhodnuto nechat meÌ?rÌ?idla na pokoji, ale zvyÌ?sÌ?it pocÌ?et teÌ?ch, ktereÌ? musiÌ? kritickeÌ? hodnoty prÌ?ekracÌ?ovat. Teprve pak lze smogovyÌ? poplach vyhlaÌ?sit. V praxi to znamenaÌ? jedineÌ?: k vyhlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? nebezpecÌ?iÌ? musiÌ? smogovaÌ? mlha zamorÌ?it o jeden diÌ?l Prahy viÌ?ce.
+
+SlysÌ?iÌ?te-li o neÌ?kom, zÌ?e je, s prominutiÌ?m, "chuj", asi praÌ?veÌ? sediÌ?te v hospodeÌ? nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? cenoveÌ? skupiny.
+
+SÌ?ance, zÌ?e naÌ?m poklad vydajiÌ?, je devadesaÌ?tiprocentniÌ?, protozÌ?e kromeÌ? slovenskyÌ?ch zaÌ?jmuÌ? jsou tady i velkeÌ? mezinaÌ?rodniÌ? tlaky, prohlaÌ?sil MecÌ?iar v BratislaveÌ?. CÌ?eskou jednotku sil NATO v BosneÌ? odleÌ?tlo na zÌ?aÌ?dost ministerstva obrany pobavit kouzelnickeÌ? trio Getty - Gernatovi. Centrum Ostravy zaplavila hejna havranuÌ?.
+
+Poslanec VaÌ?clav KraÌ?sa otiskl v LidovyÌ?ch novinaÌ?ch 23. listopadu cÌ?laÌ?nek, v neÌ?mzÌ? zcela jasneÌ? a zrÌ?etelneÌ? vyjadrÌ?uje naÌ?zor na systeÌ?movou zmeÌ?nu dosavadniÌ? organizace uÌ?stavniÌ? sociaÌ?lniÌ? peÌ?cÌ?e.
+
+Co se v nich uzÌ? ale odehraÌ?lo? ZlepsÌ?ila se kvalita vrcholoveÌ?ho managementu. UzÌ? si uveÌ?domil nutnost trzÌ?niÌ? orientace firmy, zmeÌ?nily se jeho znalosti, schopnosti, dovednosti. Tam je rozdiÌ?l markantniÌ?. StejneÌ? vyÌ?raznaÌ? je zmeÌ?na i ve vyÌ?konneÌ? linii.
+
+ZtvaÌ?rneÌ?niÌ? jeho postav vyzÌ?aduje antipsychologickyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stup. NesmiÌ? se v teÌ? slozÌ?itosti utopit. MusiÌ? se sice hluboko ponorÌ?it, ale rychle plavat na hladinu. LN DeÌ?j hry se odviÌ?jiÌ? kolem deÌ?monickeÌ? postavy matky podobneÌ? jako v jineÌ? WitkiewiczoveÌ? hrÌ?e Na maleÌ?m dvorci. Jak vniÌ?maÌ?te tento motiv?
+
+NejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? tresty - 7 a 8 let soud udeÌ?lil vuÌ?dci skupiny F. Mehmetimu z Kosova a L. VanÌ?kovi. HaÌ?kovyÌ? krÌ?iÌ?zÌ? na sporÌ?itelneÌ?.
+
+MoskevsÌ?tiÌ? radniÌ? prÌ?edpoviÌ?dajiÌ?, zÌ?e do kveÌ?tna se socha prÌ?esteÌ?huje do neÌ?ktereÌ?ho odlehleÌ?ho kouta Moskvy. LuzÌ?kovova kapitulace je pozoruhodnaÌ? vzhledem k prÌ?aÌ?telskyÌ?m vztahuÌ?m starosty s autorem Petra VelikeÌ?ho, socharÌ?em Zurabem Ceretelim, ktereÌ?ho poveÌ?rÌ?il vytvorÌ?eniÌ?m desiÌ?tek soch dominujiÌ?ciÌ?ch meÌ?stskeÌ?mu panoramatu.
+
+Osobami, ktereÌ? ve strÌ?edu prazÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? vysÌ?etrÌ?ovateleÌ? obvinil ze zproneveÌ?ry v souvislosti s vytunelovaÌ?niÌ?m PodiÌ?lovyÌ?ch fonduÌ? investicÌ?niÌ? spolecÌ?nosti CS Fond, jsou jeden z makleÌ?rÌ?uÌ? burzovniÌ? spolecÌ?nosti Crassus a cÌ?len prÌ?edstavenstva spraÌ?vcovskeÌ? spolecÌ?nosti CS fonduÌ?. LN to vcÌ?era potvrdily dobrÌ?e informovaneÌ? zdroje.
+
+EU: VuÌ?cÌ?i rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? sleduje Chirac zcela jinou politiku nezÌ? Mitterrand FrancouzskyÌ? prezident Jacques Chirac to udeÌ?lal znovu. Zopakoval v Praze to, co jizÌ? rÌ?ekl loni v zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? ve VarsÌ?aveÌ?, totizÌ? zÌ?e rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? EvropskeÌ? unie o zemeÌ? strÌ?edniÌ? Evropy je zÌ?aÌ?douciÌ? a uskutecÌ?nitelneÌ? v roce 2000.
+
+SociaÌ?lniÌ? demokracie zverÌ?ejnila svuÌ?j "antibaliÌ?cÌ?ek" ekonomickyÌ?ch naÌ?vrhuÌ?. Z veÌ?cneÌ?ho hlediska jej lze cupovat na kousiÌ?cÌ?ky a odsuzovat jeho omyly. Je vsÌ?ak namiÌ?steÌ? i slovo chvaÌ?ly. Zemanova strana konecÌ?neÌ? zverÌ?ejnila jasneÌ? a konkreÌ?tniÌ? prÌ?edstavy o tom, jakou si prÌ?eje staÌ?tniÌ? hospodaÌ?rÌ?skou politiku.
+
+1. cÌ?ervna DokaÌ?zÌ?e cÌ?eskaÌ? vlaÌ?da vyuzÌ?iÌ?t sÌ?anci? CÌ?eskaÌ? vlaÌ?da muÌ?zÌ?e prÌ?ezÌ?iÌ?t jen v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ?, zÌ?e v jejiÌ?m cÌ?ele bude staÌ?t VaÌ?clav Klaus ze zacÌ?aÌ?tku devadesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let, muzÌ?, kteryÌ? dokaÌ?zÌ?e jasneÌ? pojmenovat probleÌ?my a takeÌ? je nekompromisneÌ? rÌ?esÌ?it.
+
+PrÌ?estali jsme byÌ?t citliviÌ? na masakry, ktereÌ? denneÌ? vidiÌ?me v televizi a o kteryÌ?ch denneÌ? poslouchaÌ?me v rozhlase. LN VidiÌ?te neÌ?jakou hierarchii teÌ?chto probleÌ?muÌ?, nebo jsou podle vaÌ?s vsÌ?echny stejneÌ? akutniÌ?? DomniÌ?vaÌ?m se, zÌ?e tyto priority naÌ?m ukaÌ?zala bosenskaÌ? trageÌ?die.
+
+Demise obou je jedinyÌ?m rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ?m, jak se do budoucna vyhnout opraÌ?tce " (R - 48/96).
+
+Ten pryÌ? CÌ?eskou sporÌ?itelnu prÌ?ekvapil, takzÌ?e v neÌ?kteryÌ?ch pobocÌ?kaÌ?ch nebylo cennyÌ?ch papiÌ?ruÌ? v prvniÌ? den prodeje dost, do neÌ?kteryÌ?ch dorazily dodatecÌ?neÌ?. VysveÌ?tleniÌ? je trochu vaÌ?gniÌ? nikdo pryÌ? neprÌ?edpoklaÌ?dal tak obrovskou poptaÌ?vku a pro banky by byl naÌ?kup prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? velkeÌ?ho mnozÌ?stviÌ? rizikem, ale prognoÌ?za je optimistickaÌ?.
+
+DaÌ?nsko 250 tisiÌ?c daÌ?nskyÌ?ch korun (1.25 milionu KcÌ?). CÌ?echoamericÌ?ani odevzdali velvyslanci CÌ?R ve Washingtonu SasÌ?ovi Vondrovi 25 tisiÌ?c dolaruÌ? (850 tisiÌ?c KcÌ?).
+
+Guevara odesÌ?el z Kuby nejprve do Konga a v listopadu 1966 tajneÌ? vstoupil do BoliÌ?vie, kde byl 9. rÌ?iÌ?jna naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ?ho roku zabit vlaÌ?dniÌ?mi vojaÌ?ky. SlovenskeÌ?mu hospodaÌ?rÌ?stviÌ? nehroziÌ? zaÌ?zrak ani kolaps
+
+Neexistuje zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? duÌ?kaz pro tvrzeniÌ?, zÌ?e by Lux o sÌ?raÌ?mu na poveÌ?sti CÌ?aÌ?slavskeÌ?ho veÌ?deÌ?l. SteÌ?zÌ?iÌ? by snad pro neÌ?j riskoval posÌ?kozeniÌ? sveÌ? vlastniÌ? poveÌ?sti. MozÌ?naÌ? ani saÌ?m neznal toho, s kyÌ?m spolupracoval.
+
+PRAHA - Po prudkeÌ?m poklesu v kveÌ?tnu a cÌ?ervnu tohoto roku zacÌ?ala koruna beÌ?hem zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? opeÌ?t posilovat. Analytici investicÌ?niÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ? a bank dalsÌ?iÌ? velkyÌ? pokles meÌ?ny neocÌ?ekaÌ?vajiÌ?, a to ani v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? neschvaÌ?leniÌ? staÌ?tniÌ?ho rozpocÌ?tu.
+
+Inspektor vrazÌ?dit nechteÌ?l, miÌ?niÌ? soud
+
+KraÌ?tce PRAHA - ObzÌ?aloby z pokusu o vrazÌ?du policisty vcÌ?era zprostil MeÌ?stskyÌ? soud v Praze pracovniÌ?ka Inspekce ministra vnitra ZdenÌ?ka KrejcÌ?iÌ?ho. Ten meÌ?l 10. ledna nejprve vystrÌ?elit na dvojici policistuÌ? v civilu a strÌ?elit nadstraÌ?zÌ?mistra Michaela VaÌ?vru pistoliÌ? zbliÌ?zka do hlavy.
+
+BILBAO (SÌ?paneÌ?lsko) - Guggenheimovo muzeum v Bilbau, geniaÌ?lniÌ? diÌ?lo americkeÌ?ho architekta Franka Gehryho, postaveneÌ? mezi daÌ?lniciÌ? a zÌ?elezniciÌ? v srdci pruÌ?mysloveÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?stavu Bilbaa, bude dnes otevrÌ?eno jako jedno z nejodvaÌ?zÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch center umeÌ?niÌ?.
+
+CelkoveÌ? vyÌ?daje a prÌ?iÌ?jmy schvaÌ?leny l VlaÌ?du cÌ?ekaÌ? bitva o jednotliveÌ? polozÌ?ky TeÌ?sneÌ? o jeden hlas vcÌ?era prosÌ?el sneÌ?movnou vlaÌ?dniÌ? naÌ?vrh rozpocÌ?tu k dalsÌ?iÌ?mu jednaÌ?niÌ?. PRAHA - Podpora vsÌ?ech 99 koalicÌ?niÌ?ch poslancuÌ? nakonec stacÌ?ila k prÌ?ijetiÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? prÌ?edstavy rozpocÌ?tu na prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? rok.
+
+"Nejde naÌ?m samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? o to, bytuÌ? se pouze zbavit. Chceme prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m naplnit fond rozvoje bydleniÌ?, abychom mohli financovat novou bytovou vyÌ?stavbu," vysveÌ?tlil starosta HolyÌ?. Zieleniec ztratil podporu ODS
+
+Pozice Josefa Zieleniece v ODS slaÌ?bla jizÌ? delsÌ?iÌ? dobu.
+
+Exekutivu by tedy vykonaÌ?vali odborniÌ?ci. JesÌ?teÌ? 17. kveÌ?tna prÌ?itom Havel prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e uÌ?rÌ?ednickaÌ? vlaÌ?da by meÌ?la byÌ?t pouze prÌ?eklenovaciÌ? instituciÌ? v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? "zkolabovaÌ?niÌ?" normaÌ?lniÌ? vlaÌ?dy. Tak vaÌ?zÌ?neÌ? to podle neÌ?j v kveÌ?tnu nebylo.
+
+Ten podle vlastniÌ?ch slov nedokaÌ?zÌ?e urcÌ?it sveÌ? sÌ?ance na potvrzeniÌ? ve funkci. NeniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? pravdeÌ?podobneÌ?, zÌ?e by jej Pithart znovu do funkce navrhl poteÌ?, co se ho v srpnu pokusil odvolat a svyÌ?m prohlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ?m v tisku pak prÌ?imeÌ?l k rezignaci.
+
+StaÌ?tniÌ? jazykovaÌ? sÌ?kola prÌ?i GymnaÌ?ziu ve VsetiÌ?neÌ?, TyrsÌ?ova ul. 1069 30. StaÌ?tniÌ? jazykovaÌ? sÌ?kola prÌ?i SOU obchodniÌ?m v TaÌ?borÌ?e, LuzÌ?ickaÌ? 2572 31. Akademie J. A. KomenskeÌ?ho, Praha 1, TrzÌ?isÌ?teÌ? 20 32.
+
+(AV znamenaÌ? audio video a prÌ?iÌ?stroje s tiÌ?mto jmeÌ?nem nesou na cÌ?elniÌ?m panelu zpravidla logo Dolby Surround Pro Logic).
+
+EvropskaÌ? komise - bruselskyÌ? administrativniÌ? orgaÌ?n EU - ve sveÌ?m posudku doporucÌ?ila zahaÌ?jit prÌ?edvstupniÌ? rozhovory i s CÌ?eskou republikou. ZaÌ?rovenÌ? vsÌ?ak diplomatickyÌ?m jazykem upozornila Prahu na rÌ?adu nedostatkuÌ?. Ty se tyÌ?kajiÌ? zejmeÌ?na staÌ?tniÌ? spraÌ?vy a soudnictviÌ?.
+
+A to proti generaÌ?lovyÌ?m prÌ?iÌ?znivcuÌ?m i odpuÌ?rcuÌ?m, kterÌ?iÌ? se do sebe pustili. ByÌ?valyÌ? president Pinochet totizÌ? rozdeÌ?luje obcÌ?any Chile na dva nesmirÌ?itelneÌ? taÌ?bory. Ego sum Narodil se 25. listopadu 1915 v prÌ?iÌ?stavniÌ?m meÌ?steÌ? ValparaiÌ?so.
+
+SlaÌ?dek k soudu neprÌ?isÌ?el
+
+PRAHA - VuÌ?dce republikaÌ?nskeÌ? strany Miroslav SlaÌ?dek, ktereÌ?ho staÌ?tniÌ? zaÌ?stupkyneÌ? obzÌ?alovala z podneÌ?covaÌ?niÌ? k naÌ?rodnostniÌ? a rasoveÌ? nenaÌ?visti, se vcÌ?era opeÌ?t nedostavil k soudniÌ?mu jednaÌ?niÌ?. Soud tak musel byÌ?t jizÌ? popaÌ?teÌ? kvuÌ?li SlaÌ?dkoveÌ? neprÌ?iÌ?tomnosti odrocÌ?en.
+
+VlastniÌ? cesta VeÌ?tsÌ?ina dnesÌ?niÌ?ch vynaÌ?lezcuÌ? nejsou rozcuchaniÌ? podiviÌ?ni kutiÌ?ciÌ? doma nebo na chateÌ?. Nahradily je tyÌ?my odborniÌ?kuÌ? v uÌ?stavech a tovaÌ?rnaÌ?ch. PrÌ?esto si mnoho sÌ?ikovnyÌ?ch vynaÌ?lezcuÌ? zalozÌ?ilo vlastniÌ? firmu. SÌ?li tedy cestou, kterou odmiÌ?tl fotograf KamaraÌ?d.
+
+Na pokraji zaÌ?jmu obchodniÌ?kuÌ? i investoruÌ? zuÌ?stalo viÌ?ce nezÌ? dveÌ? steÌ? mensÌ?iÌ?ch spolecÌ?nostiÌ?, kdyzÌ? obchody s jejich cennyÌ?mi papiÌ?ry neprÌ?esaÌ?hly za uplynulyÌ? rok dvacet peÌ?t tisiÌ?c korun.
+
+Je vsÌ?ak mozÌ?neÌ?, zÌ?e na petrÌ?iÌ?nskeÌ?m kopci se dyÌ?chaÌ? o neÌ?co leÌ?pe. NejviÌ?ce vrazÌ?d se loni stalo v zimeÌ? Praha - KriminalisteÌ? ve meÌ?steÌ? loni zaregistrovali celkem peÌ?tacÌ?tyrÌ?icet vrazÌ?d a vrazÌ?ednyÌ?ch pokusuÌ?, cozÌ? je o dvanaÌ?ct meÌ?neÌ? nezÌ? v roce 1995.
+
+Podle StraÌ?skeÌ?ho nemuÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t jedinou hnaciÌ? silou konkurence pojisÌ?tÌ?oven, kteraÌ? je zaÌ?kladem Mackova naÌ?vrhu. JesÌ?teÌ? v pondeÌ?liÌ? oznacÌ?ilo tiskoveÌ? oddeÌ?leniÌ? ministerstva Mackovu koncepci za vyÌ?chodisko reformy. Votava asi jesÌ?teÌ? zuÌ?stane ve sneÌ?movneÌ?
+
+OlomoucÌ?tiÌ? kriminalisteÌ? zacÌ?ali ihned spolupracovat se speciaÌ?lniÌ?m tyÌ?mem, kteryÌ? byl ustaven po listopadoveÌ?m vyÌ?buchu granaÌ?tu v nemocnici v OstraveÌ? - FifejdaÌ?ch.
+
+HokejisteÌ? lechtiviÌ? na treÌ?nink se tomuto klubu vyhyÌ?bajiÌ? velkyÌ?m obloukem. Ti, co se vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ?mu, teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? vojenskeÌ?mu rezÌ?imu podvoliÌ?, potom ovsÌ?em hrajiÌ? extra hokej. DoklaÌ?dajiÌ? to posledniÌ? uÌ?speÌ?chy klubu: trÌ?i finskeÌ? tituly, viÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? v pohaÌ?ru mistruÌ? a triumf v nedaÌ?vneÌ?m finaÌ?le EvropskeÌ? ligy.
+
+"Jeho jmeÌ?no se obcÌ?as objevuje naprÌ?iÌ?klad v souvislosti s prÌ?evaÌ?deÌ?niÌ?m beÌ?zÌ?encuÌ? prÌ?es hranice," rÌ?ekl. Dodal, zÌ?e JugoslaÌ?vec se nyniÌ? nezdrzÌ?uje ve sveÌ?m plzenÌ?skeÌ?m bydlisÌ?ti, ale policie o neÌ?m viÌ?.
+
+- Kasparov (Rus.) 0: 1, Adams (Brit.) - Drejev (Rus.) 1: 0, IvancÌ?uk (Ukr.) - Topalov (Bul.) 0: 1, PolgaÌ?rovaÌ? (MadÌ?.) NikolicÌ? (Bos.)
+
+NejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? instance italskeÌ? justice - KasacÌ?niÌ? soud v pondeÌ?liÌ? rozhodl, zÌ?e prÌ?iÌ?padem se bude znovu zabyÌ?vat italskyÌ? vojenskyÌ? soud. StacÌ?iÌ? vsÌ?ak rekapitulovat vyÌ?voj causy, aby bylo zrÌ?ejmeÌ?, zÌ?e rozhodovat o dalsÌ?iÌ?m osudu byÌ?valeÌ?ho kapitaÌ?na SS se dnes zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ?mu soudci v ItaÌ?lii nechce.
+
+"My se nebudeme oteviÌ?rat prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? extreÌ?mniÌ?m naÌ?zoruÌ?m. JaÌ? komunikuji klidneÌ?, argumenty, bez arogance, a nejsem ten, kdo zvysÌ?uje hlas," rÌ?ekl SÌ?pliÌ?chal. Jeho zvoleniÌ? za sÌ?eÌ?fa prazÌ?skeÌ? CÌ?SSD prÌ?iviÌ?tala vcÌ?era i miÌ?stoprÌ?edsedkyneÌ? strany Petra BuzkovaÌ?.
+
+DUÌ?M U CÌ?ERNEÌ? MATKY BOZÌ?IÌ?: Robert Tauschenberg Tribute 21 (do 6. 4.) - SeÌ?rie jedenadvaceti siÌ?totiskuÌ? legendaÌ?rniÌ?ho americkeÌ?ho pop - artisty. DIVADLO ARCHA - FOYER: Fotografie na tereziÌ?nskeÌ? teÌ?ma (do 28. 2.)
+
+FinaÌ?le: Chang - Woodbridge 6: 3, 6: 4. CÌ?tyrÌ?hra, semifinaÌ?le: E. Ferreira, Galbraith (4JAR, USA) - Woodbridge, Woodforde (1 - Austr.) 7: 6 (7: 4), 6: 4.
+
+III) Top ten tyÌ?dne PodobneÌ? jako k zubarÌ?i vrtacÌ?ka patrÌ?iÌ? k podnikateli neodmyslitelneÌ? kufrÌ?iÌ?k. AtÌ? uzÌ? opravdu plnyÌ? ruÌ?znyÌ?ch lejster a raziÌ?tek, cÌ?i polopraÌ?zdnyÌ? pro vytvorÌ?eniÌ? "dojmu", trÌ?iÌ?majiÌ? v ruce tuto podnikatelskou rekvizitu denneÌ? tisiÌ?covky muzÌ?uÌ?.
+
+ObeÌ? typickeÌ? vlastnosti pro cestovniÌ? varianty teÌ?chto prÌ?iÌ?strojuÌ? by vsÌ?ak nemeÌ?ly byÌ?t zohlednÌ?ovaÌ?ny na uÌ?kor funkcÌ?nosti a prakticÌ?nosti vyÌ?robku. KromeÌ? toho by vsÌ?echny cestovniÌ? elektrickeÌ? spotrÌ?ebicÌ?e meÌ?ly miÌ?t k dispozici volicÌ? napeÌ?tiÌ?, kteryÌ? umozÌ?niÌ? jejich pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? i v zemiÌ?ch s napeÌ?tiÌ?m 110 azÌ? 120 voltuÌ?.
+
+Od zacÌ?aÌ?tku letosÌ?niÌ?ho roku meÌ?stsÌ?tiÌ? radniÌ? jizÌ? odvolali z funkce rÌ?editele TechnickeÌ? spraÌ?vy komunikaciÌ? Petra BoroveÌ?ho, vedouciÌ? dvou magistraÌ?tniÌ?ch odboruÌ? - dopravy Jana Fiedlera a obecniÌ?ho majetku TomaÌ?sÌ?e Kimlu, a takeÌ? rÌ?editele Domova duÌ?chodcuÌ? v HaÌ?jiÌ?ch VladimiÌ?ra LenÌ?a. Podnik koupiÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ? niÌ?zkopodlazÌ?niÌ? autobusy
+
+Pro odpor dosud vlaÌ?dnouciÌ? DemokratickeÌ? strany nedokaÌ?zalo zatiÌ?m deset albaÌ?nskyÌ?ch politickyÌ?ch stran zastoupenyÌ?ch ve vlaÌ?deÌ? naÌ?rodniÌ?ho smiÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? v cÌ?ele s premieÌ?rem Bashkimem Finem dospeÌ?t k dohodeÌ? o otaÌ?zkaÌ?ch spojenyÌ?ch s volbami. Rozhovory, jimzÌ? prÌ?edsedal premieÌ?r Fino, skoncÌ?ily v pondeÌ?liÌ? vecÌ?er. " Rozhovory neprÌ?inesly zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? vyÌ?sledek.
+
+JirÌ?iÌ? SÌ?leÌ?gr se potrÌ?ebuje nasÌ?tvat. Romanu SÌ?imiÌ?cÌ?kovi pomuÌ?zÌ?e legrace prÌ?i fotbaÌ?lku. TreneÌ?r Hlinka uznaÌ?vaÌ? poveÌ?ru, zÌ?e po poraÌ?zÌ?ce se musiÌ? vyprat dresy, aby se odplavila smuÌ?la.
+
+RezÌ?iseÌ?r J. A. PitiÌ?nskyÌ? ziÌ?skal cenu CÌ?eskeÌ?ho literaÌ?rniÌ?ho fondu za sveÌ? divadelniÌ? rezÌ?ie lonÌ?skeÌ?ho roku, Petr Zuska ji prÌ?evzal uzÌ? drÌ?iÌ?ve za choreografii deÌ?l PrazÌ?skeÌ?ho komorniÌ?ho baletu SÌ?ibenicÌ?ky a Seul a rozhlasoveÌ? rezÌ?iseÌ?rce HaneÌ? KofraÌ?nkoveÌ? prÌ?ipadlo oceneÌ?niÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m za inscenaci FalkensÌ?tejn.
+
+DuÌ?lezÌ?ityÌ? je naopak jemnyÌ? naÌ?znak, zÌ?e praÌ?veÌ? "naÌ?sÌ?" uchazecÌ? o miÌ?sto je tiÌ?m nejvhodneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?m.
+
+"NasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? jsme v konci leÌ?pe braÌ?nili a neÌ?co takeÌ? pochytal goÌ?lman SÌ?tochl."
+
+Cenu knihy si prÌ?itom netroufaÌ? odhadnout: "MuÌ?zÌ?e to byÌ?t milion, ale neviÌ?m, jestli korun nebo neÌ?cÌ?eho jineÌ?ho." O tom, zÌ?e miniaturniÌ? bible je naprostyÌ? unikaÌ?t, jsou prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?eni takeÌ? pracovniÌ?ci pelhrÌ?imovskeÌ? agentury DobryÌ? den, kterÌ?iÌ? registrujiÌ? tuzemskeÌ? rekordy.
+
+" PrÌ?iÌ?bramsÌ?tiÌ? majiÌ? v teÌ?chto dnech na naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?veÌ? delegaci z Nizozemska a starosta mi sdeÌ?lil, zÌ?e se proto zaÌ?stupci meÌ?sta nemohou jednaÌ?niÌ? zuÌ?cÌ?astnit.
+
+Opozice by nyniÌ? dostala viÌ?c hlasuÌ? nezÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? strany Praha - SoucÌ?et hlasuÌ? pro trÌ?i opozicÌ?niÌ? parlamentniÌ? strany - sociaÌ?lniÌ? demokracii, komunisty a republikaÌ?ny - v cÌ?ervnoveÌ?m sÌ?etrÌ?eniÌ? IVVM poprveÌ? teÌ?sneÌ? prÌ?evyÌ?sÌ?il zisk stran vlaÌ?dniÌ? koalice.
+
+Za stokorunu tam v pruÌ?meÌ?ru dostanou zbozÌ?iÌ?, za ktereÌ? by v tuzemsku zaplatili o 20 azÌ? 30 procent viÌ?ce. CenoveÌ? prÌ?ijatelneÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? je Turecko, kde lze za zelenou bankovku ziÌ?skat asi o deset procent meÌ?neÌ? zbozÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? doma.
+
+dvouuÌ?cÌ?eloveÌ? - jsou urcÌ?eny k vysaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? prachu z kobercuÌ? i hladkyÌ?ch podlah, ale jsou schopny vysaÌ?t i tekutiny
+
+TiÌ?m vlastneÌ? ziÌ?skaÌ?m stejnyÌ? tvar, ale prÌ?iÌ?jemneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? pocit. SpaÌ?t na perÌ?iÌ? je urcÌ?iteÌ? prÌ?iÌ?jemneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? na molitanu. Magdalena SuchaÌ?, 57 let, administrativniÌ? pracovnice: StejnyÌ? polsÌ?taÌ?rÌ? pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?m asi puÌ?l druheÌ?ho roku.
+
+"CiÌ?tiÌ?m se silnyÌ? jako zamlada," pochvaloval si sÌ?estatrÌ?icetiletyÌ? Maradona. Leverkusen se opeÌ?t neobejde bez Brazilce
+
+"ChybeÌ?lo malinko, abych ho udrzÌ?el. ChteÌ?l jsem Azumu jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?edjet, ale v sÌ?ikaneÌ? meÌ? zavrÌ?el a bylo po sÌ?anciÌ?ch." V nizozemskeÌ?m tyÌ?mu LB Racing, za neÌ?jzÌ? HulesÌ? jezdiÌ?, vsÌ?ak panovala spokojenost.
+
+12.00 Expedice (1/13) - nejhlubsÌ?iÌ? rozsedlina ve Venezuele 13.00 TransasijskaÌ? magistraÌ?la (6/10) - boj proti hladomoru v Indii 14.00 ZaÌ?zraky moderniÌ? doby (1/13) - GotickeÌ? katedraÌ?ly ;
+
+DrÌ?iÌ?mal (oba Dukla) 21.22, 3. Bohman (Slavia) 21.43, 400 m: 1. SÌ?veneÌ?k (K. Vary) 48.13, 2. Votava (Olymp) 48.60, 3. BlaÌ?ha (Dukla) 48.84, 800 m: 1.
+
+Pro jistotu vsÌ?ak ukaÌ?pnutiÌ? tedÌ? uzÌ? zaÌ?meÌ?rneÌ? vzÌ?dy po neÌ?kolika dnech opakuje. JinyÌ? recept radiÌ? prÌ?idat do dvou deci vody peÌ?t azÌ? sÌ?est kouskuÌ? korÌ?eniÌ? hrÌ?ebiÌ?cÌ?ku a varÌ?it patnaÌ?ct minut. NeÌ?kolik kapek studeneÌ?ho odvaru se pak kaÌ?pne do koliÌ?nskeÌ? vody.
+
+UherskeÌ? HradisÌ?teÌ? - Jsou lideÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? zaÌ?vidiÌ? nesÌ?tÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?m, jimzÌ? velkaÌ? voda zborÌ?ila puÌ?l rodinneÌ?ho domku a oni tedÌ? musiÌ? od raÌ?na do vecÌ?era z hromady trosek tvorÌ?it novyÌ? domov. Tito - na prvniÌ? pohled nepochopitelniÌ? sÌ?iÌ?lenci - patrÌ?iÌ? takeÌ? k obeÌ?tem zaÌ?plav.
+
+ZÌ?IZÌ?KOV VSADIÌ? NA UÌ?TOK JuÌ?lius Bielik, treneÌ?r Viktorie ZÌ?izÌ?kov, popisuje situaci v muzÌ?stvu ruÌ?zÌ?oveÌ?. "V prÌ?iÌ?praveÌ? jedeme podle plaÌ?nu. VsÌ?ichni jsou zdraviÌ?, a to je zaÌ?klad spokojenosti," rÌ?ekl beÌ?hem soustrÌ?edeÌ?niÌ? v Nymburce, kde zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? tyÌ?m i prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? tyÌ?den.
+
+Goliard obvinÌ?uje Olmu z porusÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?kona Praha - SpolecÌ?nost Goliard, mensÌ?inovyÌ? vlastniÌ?k jedneÌ? z nejvyÌ?znamneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch mleÌ?kaÌ?ren - Olmy Olomouc -, vcÌ?era obvinila hlavniÌ? majitele, zÌ?e porusÌ?ujiÌ? zaÌ?kon a praÌ?va minoritniÌ?ch akcionaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?.
+
+Tato nezaÌ?vislaÌ? organizace provaÌ?diÌ? schvaÌ?leniÌ? antiviroveÌ?ho softwaru na zaÌ?kladeÌ? jeho testovaÌ?niÌ? na virech ze speciaÌ?lniÌ? databaÌ?ze oznacÌ?eneÌ? jako WildList. WildList by meÌ?l obsahovat vsÌ?echny viry nalezeneÌ? mimo laboratorniÌ? prostrÌ?ediÌ?. ThunderByte Anti - Virus Utilities
+
+ToteÌ?zÌ? platiÌ?, prÌ?es vesÌ?kerou snahu feministek, takeÌ? o zÌ?enaÌ?ch ve vztahu k muzÌ?uÌ?m. VzÌ?dytÌ? lesbicÌ?ek, ktereÌ? by se bez muzÌ?uÌ? konec koncuÌ? obesÌ?ly zcela jisteÌ?, je v populaci jesÌ?teÌ? meÌ?neÌ? nezÌ? gayuÌ?.
+
+Naopak dalsÌ?iÌ? projekt firmy - obchody s obuviÌ? Reno - zkrachoval. Makro, v jehozÌ? evropskyÌ?ch velkoprodejnaÌ?ch maÌ? Metro jizÌ? tedÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?icetiprocentniÌ? podiÌ?l a nyniÌ? dokoupiÌ? zbytek, letos otevrÌ?e v Praze, BrneÌ? a OstraveÌ? velkoobchody urcÌ?eneÌ? vyÌ?hradneÌ? pro podnikatele.
+
+VlivnyÌ? americkyÌ? ekonom a byÌ?valyÌ? naÌ?meÌ?stek ministra financiÌ? Fred Bergsten nicmeÌ?neÌ? soudiÌ?, zÌ?e na zaÌ?kladeÌ? dlouhodobyÌ?ch ukazateluÌ? o vyÌ?voji ekonomiky je dolar vuÌ?cÌ?i japonskeÌ?mu jenu i evropskyÌ?m meÌ?naÌ?m nadhodnocenyÌ? a jeho rovnovaÌ?zÌ?naÌ? uÌ?rovenÌ? by se meÌ?la pohybovat kolem sta jenuÌ? a 1.40 azÌ? 1.50 marky za dolar.
+
+4: 9.58, 2. De BruinovaÌ? (Ir.) 4: 10.50, 3. KielgassovaÌ? (NeÌ?m.) 4: 10.89, 4. GeurtsovaÌ? 4: 11.23, 5. VlieghuisovaÌ? (obeÌ? Niz.) 4: 13.51, 6.
+
+PraÌ?veÌ? Kirsten z Leverkusenu drzÌ?el dosavadniÌ? rekord, v dubnu nastrÌ?iÌ?lel AlbaÌ?nii trÌ?i goÌ?ly za 21 minut. "Berti Vogts meÌ?l dva zÌ?oliÌ?ky v rukaÌ?veÌ?, a oba vytaÌ?hl v pravyÌ? cÌ?as," rozplyÌ?vaÌ? se vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ? neÌ?meckyÌ? tisk.
+
+Podle rÌ?editele spolecÌ?nosti Miloslava SÌ?pety si novyÌ? vlastniÌ?k neprÌ?eje zverÌ?ejnit kupniÌ? cenu. ValnaÌ? hromada hotelu vcÌ?era schvaÌ?lila lonÌ?skyÌ? cÌ?istyÌ? zisk 7.6 milionu korun, kteryÌ? spolecÌ?nost pouzÌ?ije na krytiÌ? ztraÌ?t z minuleÌ?ho obdobiÌ?. ZÌ?ivnobanka nabiÌ?dne povodnÌ?oveÌ? dluhopisy
+
+Obchody na centraÌ?lniÌ?m trhu se naopak o neÌ?co zvyÌ?sÌ?ily, a to na 88 milionuÌ? korun. CÌ?tvrtinu obchoduÌ? zde obstaraly praÌ?veÌ? Telecom a KomercÌ?niÌ? banka. NecÌ?ekanyÌ? peÌ?tiprocentniÌ? propad postihl CÌ?okolaÌ?dovny. PodobneÌ? si vedly CÌ?eskeÌ? radiokomunikace cÌ?i HardvardskyÌ? holding.
+
+Jeho krajanka dopadla leÌ?pe, protozÌ?e kladivo zanechalo jen trzÌ?nou raÌ?nu na praveÌ?m spaÌ?nku. PrÌ?esto i cizinka skoncÌ?ila na nemocnicÌ?niÌ?m luÌ?zÌ?ku. " Vietnamku vysÌ?etrÌ?ovatel obvinil z dvojnaÌ?sobneÌ?ho pokusu o vrazÌ?du a z posÌ?kozovaÌ?niÌ? ciziÌ? veÌ?ci.
+
+Co jste si o CageoveÌ? muzice myslel vy, kdyzÌ? jste ji slysÌ?el poprveÌ?? Byl jsem zmatenyÌ?. KazÌ?dyÌ? byl zmatenyÌ?, na zacÌ?aÌ?tku sÌ?edesaÌ?tyÌ?ch letech pro naÌ?s byl Cage jenom slovo, nikdo vlastneÌ? od neÌ?j v CÌ?echaÌ?ch nic neslysÌ?el.
+
+ObzÌ?alovaneÌ?mu ze trÌ?iÌ? vrazÌ?d hroziÌ? azÌ? dozÌ?ivotiÌ? Olomouc - Po jedenadvaceti meÌ?siÌ?ciÌ?ch se k soudu v Olomouci dostal prÌ?iÌ?pad jedneÌ? z nejbrutaÌ?lneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch vrazÌ?d v deÌ?jinaÌ?ch strÌ?edniÌ? Moravy.
+
+OloupenyÌ? cizinec zÌ?aÌ?daÌ? pro pachatele milost Hradec KraÌ?loveÌ? - Nad prÌ?iÌ?padem oloupeneÌ?ho cizince, kteryÌ? teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? prÌ?ed peÌ?ti lety usveÌ?dcÌ?il pachatele a nyniÌ? tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e oloupen nebyl, kroutiÌ? hlavou vysÌ?etrÌ?ovateleÌ? i soudci.
+
+Ti poteÌ? ztraÌ?celi vesÌ?kereÌ? zaÌ?brany. VyÌ?jimkou nebylo ani podaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? drog, aby udrzÌ?eli sveÌ?rÌ?ence v patrÌ?icÌ?neÌ? bojoveÌ? naÌ?ladeÌ?. V LibeÌ?rii jim naprÌ?iÌ?klad podaÌ?vali tablety valia. DuÌ?vod? Aby otupili jejich strach. Zdaleka ne vsÌ?ichni deÌ?tsÌ?tiÌ? bojovniÌ?ci museli byÌ?t ke vstupu do armaÌ?dy nuceni.
+
+poznaÌ?mka Sebejistota kladenskeÌ?ho starosty Petra Bendla, s niÌ?zÌ? na tiskoveÌ? konferenci prohlasÌ?oval, zÌ?e prÌ?ijetiÌ? kriteÌ?riiÌ? pro vyÌ?beÌ?r zaÌ?jemcuÌ? do noveÌ?ho domova duÌ?chodcuÌ? je jen formalita, kteraÌ? nebude blokovat nasteÌ?hovaÌ?niÌ? lidiÌ?, vzala minulyÌ? tyÌ?den za sveÌ?.
+
+Literatura VersÌ?ovcuÌ?v posmrtnyÌ? zÌ?ivot Spadl kaÌ?men do voda, napsal baÌ?sniÌ?k Svoboda
+
+Pak to bylo horsÌ?iÌ?. Azyl vyrÌ?izujiÌ? thajsÌ?tiÌ? praÌ?vniÌ?ci. NeÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? po oficiaÌ?lniÌ?m pohovoru - prÌ?i tom pocÌ?tu utecÌ?encuÌ? pohovor nesmeÌ?l trvat deÌ?le nezÌ? puÌ?l hodiny - za vaÌ?mi poslali tlumocÌ?niÌ?ka, kteryÌ? si prÌ?isÌ?el popoviÌ?dat o uÌ?platku. O kolik si rÌ?iÌ?kajiÌ??
+
+ProcÌ?? ProtozÌ?e bruslarÌ?i zataÌ?hli komerci do tohohle stylu. HraÌ?li si na drsnyÌ?, zÌ?e jsou v pohodeÌ?. ZtotozÌ?nÌ?ovali se s neÌ?cÌ?iÌ?m, cÌ?iÌ?m nebyli. PrÌ?idruzÌ?ujou se ke skejtÌ?aÌ?kuÌ?m a prÌ?etaÌ?hli i dalsÌ?iÌ? lidi, o kteryÌ? nestojiÌ?me. A diskofiloveÌ? neprÌ?emejsÌ?lej.
+
+JasnyÌ? a radostnyÌ? Richard Weiner 18 O RozrusÌ?eneÌ? zemi jenom v dobreÌ?m 18 KaurismaÌ?ki a renesance filmu 19 KomercÌ?niÌ? prÌ?iÌ?loha CÌ?eskaÌ? podnikatelskaÌ? rada pro trvale udrzÌ?itelnyÌ? rozvoj Rozhovor s ministryniÌ? Vlastou Parkanovou JaÌ? ty koneÌ? nerÌ?iÌ?diÌ?m S ministryniÌ? spravedlnosti o nezaÌ?vislosti soudcuÌ?, draÌ?tovaÌ?niÌ? deÌ?r a katapultaÌ?zÌ?i popiska:
+
+Kniha byla prÌ?ed ciziÌ?mi delegacemi tajena jako nebezpecÌ?nyÌ?, podvratnyÌ? materiaÌ?l a cÌ?ekalo se na naÌ?hradu. MagistraÌ?tu ji nedaÌ?vno dodal KolaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?v kolega MilosÌ? PolaÌ?sÌ?ek, kteryÌ? zveÌ?cÌ?nil kocÌ?aÌ?rky na opravenyÌ?ch uliciÌ?ch, deÌ?ti na basketbaloveÌ?m hrÌ?isÌ?ti, palmu prÌ?ed hotelem Imperial.
+
+2. 12. V Praze vystoupil zpeÌ?vaÌ?k Phil Collins, povazÌ?ovanyÌ? za jed nu z nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ?ch osobnostiÌ? pop music posledniÌ?ch dvaceti let. 3. 12.
+
+PozdeÌ?ji dodal, zÌ?e nejprve DlouheÌ?mu rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e si "nechaÌ? vsÌ?e projiÌ?t hlavou". Pak pryÌ? usoudil, zÌ?e to neudeÌ?laÌ?, protozÌ?e na transakci nebylo nic sÌ?patneÌ?ho. Kolek tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e dar dal ODA proto, zÌ?e jej jejiÌ? prÌ?edstaviteleÌ? vydiÌ?rali.
+
+KraÌ?tce NOVYÌ? JICÌ?IÌ?N - TrÌ?i Romky ve veÌ?ku 23, 29 a 58 let obvinil tento tyÌ?den vysÌ?etrÌ?ovatel z uÌ?toku na dva policisty v uniformaÌ?ch, kterÌ?iÌ? v polovineÌ? uÌ?nora v NoveÌ?m JicÌ?iÌ?neÌ? kontrolovali prÌ?eplneÌ?neÌ? auto obsazeneÌ? Romy.
+
+Tolik staÌ?tniÌ?kuÌ?, tolik novinaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?, tolik publicity! CÌ?tvrtecÌ?niÌ? summit maÌ? vsÌ?ak jednu vadu na kraÌ?se: setkaÌ?niÌ? 26 staÌ?tniÌ?kuÌ? z obou cÌ?aÌ?stiÌ? donedaÌ?vna rozdeÌ?leneÌ? Evropy nejsou tak vyÌ?jimecÌ?naÌ?, jak by se z "historicÌ?nosti" Blairova prohlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? mohlo zdaÌ?t.
+
+BRIGHTON - BritsÌ?tiÌ? veÌ?dci zjistili, zÌ?e novorozenec si muÌ?zÌ?e pamatovat melodii, kterou poslouchala jeho matka, kdyzÌ? plodu v jejiÌ?m luÌ?neÌ? bylo teprve 20 tyÌ?dnuÌ?. Doposud se soudilo, zÌ?e nenarozeneÌ? deÌ?ti si mohou vneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? podneÌ?ty pamatovat cÌ?i ucÌ?it se azÌ? po 24. tyÌ?dnu teÌ?hotenstviÌ?.
+
+PRAHA - SÌ?estnaÌ?ct let po uvedeniÌ? prvniÌ?ho CD prÌ?ehraÌ?vacÌ?e na trh prÌ?ichaÌ?ziÌ? firma Philips s prvniÌ?m domaÌ?ciÌ?m CD rekordeÌ?rem. PrÌ?iÌ?stroj Philips CDR 870 umozÌ?niÌ? komukoli nahraÌ?t vlastniÌ? CD z analogoveÌ?ho i digitaÌ?lniÌ?ho vstupu. V prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? digitaÌ?lniÌ?ho zdroje je nahraÌ?vka naprosto prÌ?esnou kopiiÌ?.
+
+Ve strÌ?edecÌ?niÌ? AreÌ?neÌ? s VaÌ?clavem Klausem na CÌ?T 1 se poslanec za CÌ?SSD ZdeneÌ?k JicÌ?iÌ?nskyÌ? pokousÌ?el mystifikovat verÌ?ejnost tvrzeniÌ?m, zÌ?e ObcÌ?anskaÌ? demokratickaÌ? strana za dobu sveÌ?ho vedouciÌ?ho postaveniÌ? v cÌ?eskeÌ? vlaÌ?deÌ? obsadila rozhodujiÌ?ciÌ? miÌ?sta ve staÌ?tniÌ? spraÌ?veÌ? svyÌ?mi cÌ?leny.
+
+Ad LN 2. 4. 1998: HroziÌ? dalsÌ?iÌ? staÌ?vka...
+
+Mimoto chteÌ?jiÌ? ustavit financÌ?niÌ? policii, zredukovat staÌ?tniÌ? byrokratickyÌ? aparaÌ?t, zrusÌ?it SenaÌ?t a zaveÌ?st danÌ? z prÌ?epychu. PolitickyÌ? klub puÌ?jde do voleb samostatneÌ?
+
+KraÌ?tce PRAHA - VolebniÌ?ho klaÌ?niÌ? se PolitickyÌ? klub (PK) zuÌ?cÌ?astniÌ? v cÌ?ervnu samostatneÌ?.
+
+Seznam ohrozÌ?enyÌ?ch rostlinnyÌ?ch druhuÌ?, kteryÌ? cÌ?iÌ?taÌ? 33798 polozÌ?ek, je vyÌ?sledkem dvacetileteÌ? praÌ?ce botanikuÌ?. ProcÌ? se opozÌ?dÌ?uje cÌ?asoveÌ? znameniÌ??
+
+ZAÌ?HADY VSÌ?EDNIÌ?HO DNE PoslouchaÌ?me-li cÌ?asoveÌ? znameniÌ? na dvou ruÌ?znyÌ?ch radioprÌ?ijiÌ?macÌ?iÌ?ch, muÌ?zÌ?eme zjistit, zÌ?e nezniÌ? v jeden okamzÌ?ik.
+
+SaÌ?m prezident se k probleÌ?mu sveÌ? kandidatury vyjaÌ?drÌ?il mnohokraÌ?t a pokazÌ?deÌ? jinak. Jsou znaÌ?meÌ? jeho vyÌ?roky: "ZakaÌ?zali mi o tom mluvit", cÌ?i "uvidiÌ?me", ale takeÌ? "potrÌ?etiÌ? do voleb nepuÌ?jdu". Rozhodnout muÌ?zÌ?e UÌ?stavniÌ? soud
+
+"Hned jsem se vydal na cestu," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? 61letyÌ? kneÌ?z Siegfried Gleissner, kteryÌ? slouzÌ?iÌ? v hranicÌ?niÌ? policii. "HlavneÌ? mladyÌ?m hasicÌ?uÌ?m a pomocniÌ?kuÌ?m CÌ?erveneÌ?ho krÌ?iÌ?zÌ?e jsme svou prÌ?iÌ?tomnostiÌ? ukaÌ?zali, zÌ?e i uprostrÌ?ed zmatku je cÌ?loveÌ?k, kteryÌ? maÌ? trochu siÌ?ly zprostrÌ?edkovat klid."
+
+A pochopitelneÌ? nejen pro neÌ?. HlavniÌ? prÌ?edstaviteleÌ? strany, s niÌ?zÌ? by za urcÌ?ityÌ?ch podmiÌ?nek spolupracovala sociaÌ?lniÌ? demokracie
+
+VojteÌ?ch Filip, sÌ?eÌ?f klubu poslancuÌ? komunistickeÌ? strany. PrvniÌ? vyÌ?platy zacÌ?al dostaÌ?vat jako podnikovyÌ? praÌ?vniÌ?k. Do rodneÌ? strany vstoupil sÌ?est let prÌ?ed krachem komunistuÌ? v listopadu 1989.
+
+Jak daÌ?le uvedla, nezaznamenali na soudu v posledniÌ?m obdobiÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? anonymniÌ? cÌ?i jineÌ? vyÌ?hruÌ?zÌ?ky. Budovu soudu vcÌ?era strÌ?ezÌ?ila jako obvykle pouze peÌ?tice cÌ?lenuÌ? justicÌ?niÌ? straÌ?zÌ?e. "Ujistili naÌ?s, zÌ?e jsou schopni soud ochraÌ?nit a zÌ?e zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? posily nepotrÌ?ebujiÌ?," uzavrÌ?ela TylovaÌ?.
+
+V Srbsku a v CÌ?erneÌ? HorÌ?e se po staletiÌ? Vidovdan slavil jako naÌ?rodniÌ? svaÌ?tek: "JakyÌ? jsme my to naÌ?rod," piÌ?sÌ?e Veljko PetrovicÌ? roku 1940. "Oslavujeme svou nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? poraÌ?zÌ?ku a bez ustaÌ?niÌ? narÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?me nad jednou hrobkou!"
+
+Stav ohrozÌ?eniÌ? je vyhlaÌ?sÌ?en na Jesenicku a BruntaÌ?lsku. ZacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? evakuace obyvatel na VsetiÌ?nsku a FryÌ?decko - MiÌ?stecku. PondeÌ?liÌ? 7. 7. Jsou hlaÌ?sÌ?eny prvniÌ? obeÌ?ti na zÌ?ivotech.
+
+Dodal, zÌ?e peniÌ?ze za vyvlastneÌ?niÌ? majetku nejsou firmeÌ? nic platneÌ?, pokud likvidaciÌ? provozovny prÌ?ijde o miÌ?sto na trhu. VeprÌ?iÌ?n prÌ?iÌ?mo cÌ?i neprÌ?iÌ?mo zameÌ?stnaÌ?vaÌ? zhruba 300 lidiÌ?, je vyÌ?znamnyÌ?m partnerem miÌ?stniÌ?ch soukromyÌ?ch zemeÌ?deÌ?lcuÌ? i masokombinaÌ?tu.
+
+Dnes jsme si na neÌ? zvykli natolik, zÌ?e naÌ?vrat k prÌ?edrevolucÌ?niÌ? nadspotrÌ?ebeÌ? maÌ?sla nehroziÌ? ani u teÌ?ch, kterÌ?iÌ? by si je "mohli dovolit". PrÌ?edpoklaÌ?daÌ? se, zÌ?e do roku 2000 bude jesÌ?teÌ? miÌ?rneÌ? klesat spotrÌ?eba maÌ?sla a naopak stoupat spotrÌ?eba rostlinnyÌ?ch tukuÌ?.
+
+18. cÌ?ervence 1996 - kraÌ?tce po startu z Kennedyho letisÌ?teÌ? v New Yorku explodoval Boeing - 747 americkeÌ? spolecÌ?nosti TWA a nedaleko Long Islandu se zrÌ?iÌ?til do oceaÌ?nu ; zahynulo 230 osob ;
+
+NezrÌ?iÌ?dka mezi neÌ? patrÌ?iÌ? i pacienti v produktivniÌ?m veÌ?ku. NeÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? s tiÌ?mto postizÌ?eniÌ?m jsou dokonce nuceni zcela se vyhyÌ?bat spolecÌ?enskeÌ?mu zÌ?ivotu. BeÌ?rcoveÌ? vrÌ?edy jsou totizÌ? cÌ?asto infikovaÌ?ny a neprÌ?iÌ?jemneÌ? zapaÌ?chajiÌ?. CÌ?iÌ?m je pacient starsÌ?iÌ?, tiÌ?m je podle leÌ?karÌ?uÌ? jeho leÌ?cÌ?eniÌ? zdlouhaveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?.
+
+VaÌ?clavky, sÌ?upinovky a cÌ?iruÌ?vky fialoveÌ? i dvoubarveÌ? mohou naplnit kosÌ?iÌ?k houbarÌ?e, kteryÌ? vyraziÌ? do lesa. HrÌ?ibovityÌ?ch hub ubyÌ?vaÌ?, staÌ?le se ale dajiÌ? najiÌ?t klouzky obecneÌ?, slicÌ?neÌ? a modrÌ?iÌ?noveÌ?.
+
+K rozpadu monarchie by bylo dosÌ?lo i bez teÌ?to vaÌ?lky. " VsÌ?eobecneÌ? lze rÌ?iÌ?ci, zÌ?e se rÌ?iÌ?sÌ?e vycÌ?erpala, splnila sveÌ? poslaÌ?niÌ? a nemeÌ?la jizÌ? duÌ?vod k dalsÌ?iÌ? existenci.
+
+KraÌ?tce LONDYÌ?N - Generace britskeÌ? mlaÌ?dezÌ?e, ktereÌ? bude na prÌ?elomu tisiÌ?ciletiÌ? kolem jednadvaceti let, si nejviÌ?ce prÌ?eje staÌ?t se milionaÌ?rÌ?em a veÌ?rÌ?iÌ?, zÌ?e pevneÌ? odhodlaÌ?niÌ? je lepsÌ?iÌ?m prÌ?edpokladem uÌ?speÌ?chu nezÌ? privilegia cÌ?i styky. VyplyÌ?vaÌ? to z posledniÌ?ho pruÌ?zkumu verÌ?ejneÌ?ho miÌ?neÌ?niÌ?.
+
+AmerickyÌ? prezident Bill Clinton jako prvniÌ? nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? prÌ?edstavitel USA navsÌ?tiÌ?vil uÌ?zemiÌ? palestinskeÌ? samospraÌ?vy. NevniÌ?maÌ? to veÌ?tsÌ?ina PalestincuÌ? jako de facto uznaÌ?niÌ? palestinskeÌ?ho staÌ?tu? Ano, je to uznaÌ?niÌ? aspiraciÌ? na palestinskyÌ? staÌ?t.
+
+JisteÌ? je, zÌ?e ekonomoveÌ? se cÌ?asto myÌ?liÌ?. SveÌ? vzdeÌ?laÌ?niÌ? si vsÌ?ak veÌ?tsÌ?inou na rozdiÌ?l od neÌ?kteryÌ?ch svyÌ?ch kritikuÌ? doplnÌ?ovali na zahranicÌ?niÌ?ch univerzitaÌ?ch, kde se prÌ?i prognoÌ?zaÌ?ch vychaÌ?ziÌ? z podrobnyÌ?ch analyÌ?z vyÌ?voje trzÌ?niÌ? ekonomiky sledovanyÌ?ch po desetiletiÌ?.
+
+Recept na to, jak kurs zkrotit a prÌ?iveÌ?st ho na uÌ?rovenÌ?, kteraÌ? by odpoviÌ?dala stavu ekonomiky, vsÌ?ak nikdo nenavrhl.
+
+UÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?ci se neshodli ani na pocÌ?tu vzaÌ?jemnyÌ?ch schuÌ?zek. Podle Machovce se konala zhruba dveÌ? setkaÌ?niÌ?, Zeman nejprve mluvil jen o jednom, ktereÌ? skoncÌ?ilo "po peÌ?ti minutaÌ?ch", a podnikatel ViÌ?zek tvrdil, zÌ?e schuÌ?zky byly trÌ?i. LN, 8. 6. 1998
+
+(...) I kdyzÌ? se odvolaÌ?niÌ? neÌ?kteryÌ?ch cÌ?lenuÌ? vlaÌ?dy ocÌ?ekaÌ?valo jizÌ? delsÌ?iÌ? dobu, odstoupeniÌ? celeÌ?ho kabinetu se neodvaÌ?zÌ?il prÌ?edpoveÌ?deÌ?t nikdo.
+
+"DrÌ?iÌ?ve se o rozsÌ?irÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? mluvilo pouze abstraktneÌ?. NyniÌ? uzÌ? lideÌ? v PobaltiÌ? alesponÌ? slysÌ?iÌ?, zÌ?e hodiny zacÌ?aly tikat," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Saulius Kondrotas. V Noblejas chteÌ?jiÌ? zÌ?iÌ?t zdraveÌ? a seniorÌ?i majiÌ? naÌ?rok na viÌ?no
+
+SceÌ?naÌ?rÌ? prvniÌ?ch minut druheÌ? trÌ?etiny byl podobnyÌ?, i kdyzÌ? domaÌ?ciÌ? si nevytvorÌ?ili tak vyÌ?raznou prÌ?evahu jako prÌ?edtiÌ?m. Ve 26. minuteÌ? vsÌ?ak naÌ?hle projel trÌ?ebiÌ?cÌ?skou obranou lehce Fink, saÌ?m soÌ?lo nezakoncÌ?il, ale zpoza branky nahraÌ?l Elsnerovi a ten deÌ?lovkou vyrovnal.
+
+"SouperÌ? byl kompletniÌ?, naÌ?m chybeÌ?ly reprezentantky PokornaÌ? a BuckovaÌ?," rÌ?ekl ostravskyÌ? treneÌ?r LeosÌ? Chalupa. " HlavneÌ? jsme zkousÌ?eli dalsÌ?iÌ? hraÌ?cÌ?ky. CÌ?tyrÌ?i sety hraÌ?la VeselaÌ? a ukaÌ?zala, zÌ?e naÌ?m na bloku hodneÌ? pomuÌ?zÌ?e. Na nahraÌ?vce jsme tocÌ?ili vsÌ?echny nahraÌ?vacÌ?ky.
+
+Voda 4 1 1 2 14: 11 3 7. HorÌ?iÌ?n 4 0 3 1 4: 6 3 8. VranÌ?any 5 0 2 3 5: 24 2 (str) VyÌ?chodocÌ?eskaÌ? Unie svobody volila sveÌ? zaÌ?stupce
+
+Ta se pochopitelneÌ? lisÌ?iÌ? rozsahem a obtiÌ?zÌ?nostiÌ? lyzÌ?arÌ?skyÌ?ch tereÌ?nuÌ?. NejatraktivneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? lyzÌ?arÌ?skyÌ? kolotocÌ? prÌ?edstavuje Sella Ronda, cÌ?tyrÌ?icetikilometrovyÌ? okruh kolem masivu Sella, kteryÌ? prochaÌ?ziÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?mi dolomitskyÌ?mi pruÌ?smyky. CelyÌ? den straÌ?venyÌ? na cesteÌ? prÌ?ipraviÌ? lyzÌ?arÌ?uÌ?m skutecÌ?neÌ? nezapomenutelnyÌ? zaÌ?zÌ?itek.
+
+ZduÌ?raznÌ?uje prÌ?ednostniÌ? vyÌ?znam priorit tyÌ?kajiÌ?ciÌ?ch se demokracie a lidskyÌ?ch praÌ?v v teÌ?chto partnerstviÌ?ch. PozÌ?aduje, aby v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? porusÌ?eniÌ? teÌ?chto zaÌ?sad unie od partnerstviÌ? odstoupila.
+
+PlzenÌ? 36 25 11 83: 43 61 5. RakovniÌ?k 36 23 13 77: 51 59 6. UÌ?stiÌ? n/L 36 16 20 61: 72 52 7. Cheb 36 13 23 49: 83 49 8.
+
+PeÌ?t dniÌ? po hlasovaÌ?niÌ? se JanousÌ?kovaÌ? staÌ?vaÌ? prÌ?edsedkyniÌ? kontrolniÌ? komise rady. TajneÌ? hlasovaÌ?niÌ? tak najednou ziÌ?skaÌ?vaÌ? konkreÌ?tneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? obrysy. MajiÌ? v centru meÌ?sta staÌ?t moderniÌ? stavby? Praha - Ve meÌ?steÌ? se staveÌ?lo vzÌ?dy a staveÌ?t se bude i nadaÌ?le.
+
+NeÌ?ktereÌ? z nich pouze pozÌ?aÌ?daly o dalsÌ?iÌ? jednaÌ?niÌ? s meÌ?stem. Z tohoto duÌ?vodu se prodejem meÌ?stskeÌ? sklaÌ?dky vcÌ?era nezabyÌ?vala meÌ?stskaÌ? rada a prodej sklaÌ?dky byl takeÌ? stazÌ?en z programu schuÌ?ze meÌ?stskeÌ?ho zastupitelstva prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? strÌ?edu.
+
+Sice - diÌ?ky kraÌ?tkyÌ?m a kvapiÌ?ciÌ?m kapitolaÌ?m - obrazem zÌ?ivyÌ?m, ale neniÌ? to typickyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?beÌ?h odneÌ?kud neÌ?kam. Ano, je to vlastneÌ? obraz teÌ? situace, kdy otec se po rozvodu snazÌ?iÌ? najiÌ?t uspokojivyÌ? vztah s dospiÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? dcerou.
+
+Nad prÌ?iÌ?kopem se tycÌ?ila palisaÌ?da a nad niÌ? cÌ?elniÌ? kamennaÌ? zedÌ?, kteraÌ? byla uvnitrÌ? zesiÌ?lena neÌ?kolikametrovyÌ?m hlineÌ?nyÌ?m naÌ?sypem proklaÌ?danyÌ?m drÌ?evem a zpevneÌ?nyÌ?m zadniÌ? drÌ?eveÌ?nou zdiÌ? s opeÌ?rnyÌ?mi sloupky.
+
+13. UherskyÌ? Ostroh 17 3 3 11 24: 43 12 14. ZliÌ?n 17 3 2 12 22: 45 11 1. B trÌ?iÌ?dy, jihomoravskaÌ? A: BedrÌ?ichov B - Rokytnice 1: 0, PrÌ?ibyslavice - Rad.
+
+PosledniÌ?ch dvacet minut alesponÌ? trochu hosteÌ? vylezli z obranneÌ? ulity, avsÌ?ak goÌ?lmana SÌ?pita zameÌ?stnaÌ?vali jen centrovanyÌ?mi miÌ?cÌ?i.
+
+"Posilovat asi nebudeme. UzÌ? nyniÌ? slysÌ?iÌ?m naraÌ?zÌ?ky, zÌ?e mi na lavicÌ?ce sediÌ? reprezentanti," uvedl Haber. "NecÌ?ekal jsem, zÌ?e budeme mistry jizÌ? po trÌ?etiÌ?m finaÌ?le, o to jsem sÌ?tÌ?astneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?."
+
+AvsÌ?ak AstenickyÌ? syndrom vstrÌ?ebal zmeÌ?ny uÌ?deÌ?lu komplexneÌ?ji a detailneÌ?ji. V leccÌ?ems je kruteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? a soucÌ?asneÌ? shoviÌ?vaveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?: v souladu s moudrostiÌ? srdce nekorigovanou chladnyÌ?m rozumem.
+
+LideÌ? podepisovali petici za zachovaÌ?niÌ? divadla kraÌ?tce z meÌ?st a obciÌ? Kladno - Petici za zachovaÌ?niÌ? staÌ?leÌ?ho souboru StrÌ?edocÌ?eskeÌ?ho divadla v KladneÌ? podepsalo dva tisiÌ?ce sÌ?est set padesaÌ?t lidiÌ? z Kladenska, Rakovnicka, Prahy a dalsÌ?iÌ?ch regionuÌ?. NoveÌ? stromy budou v parciÌ?ch a na naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ?
+
+Country dohromady s bluegrassem uvede miÌ?stniÌ? Amulet. PosaÌ?zavskyÌ? expres z Prahy pak na MeÌ?lnickeÌ?m pranyÌ?rÌ?i bude jako jedinyÌ? hraÌ?t trampskou hudbu. PrÌ?ehliÌ?dku hudebniÌ?ch skupin zakoncÌ?iÌ? country baÌ?l.
+
+Na rozdiÌ?l od souperÌ?e jsme vsÌ?ak museli lepit sestavu, takzÌ?e trÌ?i body jsou cenneÌ?. Po trÌ?etiÌ?m goÌ?lu KraÌ?lovice odpadly. Aristidis Skondrojanis (KraÌ?lovice): Po delsÌ?iÌ? dobeÌ? jsme byli opeÌ?t v kompletniÌ? sestaveÌ?, tedy i s Fitzelem a poprveÌ? i s LausÌ?manem.
+
+DeÌ?ti prodaly sveÌ? vyÌ?robky a vydeÌ?laly si kolem osmi tisiÌ?c korun. "Byly z toho uÌ?plneÌ? paf. HlavneÌ? prvnÌ?aÌ?ci to povazÌ?ovali za velkou sumu," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? ucÌ?itelka. ProtozÌ?e samy vyraÌ?beÌ?ly a prodaÌ?valy, mohly deÌ?ti i o trzÌ?beÌ? rozhodnout samy.
+
+ZuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? puÌ?vodniÌ? termiÌ?n 31. kveÌ?tna 1998 od 17 hodin. LisÌ?ov muÌ?zÌ?e sehraÌ?t utkaÌ?niÌ? 26. kola I. A muzÌ?uÌ? s KameniciÌ? na naÌ?hradniÌ?m hrÌ?isÌ?ti z duÌ?vodu rekonstrukce travnateÌ? plochy na hlavniÌ?m hrÌ?isÌ?ti. JesliÌ?nek zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ?
+
+OzÌ?ivil se tak koncept "teorie vsÌ?eho" Alberta Einsteina, kteryÌ? daÌ?vaÌ? do matematickeÌ? rovnovaÌ?hy vsÌ?echny zaÌ?kladniÌ? siÌ?ly v prÌ?iÌ?rodeÌ?: gravitaci, elektromagnetickou energii i interakce mezi elementaÌ?rniÌ?mi cÌ?aÌ?sticemi. PraÌ?veÌ? tento koncept naraÌ?zÌ?el na zaÌ?hadnou povahu (drÌ?iÌ?ve nehmotneÌ?ho) neutrina.
+
+"ProbleÌ?m s civilizaciÌ? nastal azÌ? na zacÌ?aÌ?tku stoletiÌ?, kdy se zacÌ?aly usedlosti vinarÌ?uÌ? meÌ?nit na rekreacÌ?niÌ? siÌ?dla," uvedl CÌ?apek. ZÌ?il zde ale osviÌ?cenyÌ? statkaÌ?rÌ?, ktereÌ?mu patrÌ?ila veÌ?tsÌ?ina pozemkuÌ? DivokeÌ? SÌ?aÌ?rky.
+
+"Snad si vyberu dobrÌ?e," uvazÌ?oval treneÌ?r, o ktereÌ?ho se takeÌ? zajiÌ?mal prÌ?edniÌ? domaÌ?ciÌ? zÌ?enskyÌ? celek z VeseliÌ?. HraÌ?cÌ?i vzpomneÌ?li Dana KlimesÌ?e CÌ?eskeÌ? BudeÌ?jovice - TragickyzesnuleÌ?ho fotbaloveÌ?ho brankaÌ?rÌ?e Dana KlimesÌ?e uctili byÌ?valiÌ? i soucÌ?asniÌ? slavniÌ? fotbalisteÌ? CÌ?eskyÌ?ch BudeÌ?jovic.
+
+PrÌ?ed uÌ?pravou se neloupe a pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? se beÌ?zÌ?neÌ?ji i do salaÌ?tuÌ? a na zapeÌ?kaÌ?niÌ?. S biÌ?lyÌ?m se pak zachaÌ?ziÌ? jako v rukavicÌ?kaÌ?ch. PodzemniÌ? vyÌ?honky se skliÌ?zejiÌ? speciaÌ?lniÌ?mi nozÌ?i teÌ?sneÌ? prÌ?ed tiÌ?m, nezÌ? vyrostou na povrch puÌ?dy.
+
+SociaÌ?lniÌ? demokracie nedokaÌ?zala volicÌ?e prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?it o tom, zÌ?e je novou sÌ?anciÌ?, kteraÌ? zachovaÌ? to dobreÌ? a odstraniÌ? to sÌ?patneÌ?.
+
+Alle Loman 11 2. azÌ? 3. JirÌ?iÌ? Balcar, BedrÌ?ich NovaÌ?k 6 4. LubomiÌ?r Rokyta 5 treneÌ?rÌ?i 1. JindrÌ?ich Lajner 21 2. Jan Demele 14 3. Jaroslav DobrovolnyÌ? 11 4. azÌ? 7. FrantisÌ?ek CharvaÌ?t, JindrÌ?ich Klaubenschalk, ZdeneÌ?k
+
+"NemaÌ?m za co se stydeÌ?t, souperÌ?ky jsou sveÌ?tovou trÌ?iÌ?dou," prohlaÌ?sila. KraÌ?lem na kraularÌ?skyÌ?ch tratiÌ?ch se stal Vlastimil Burda, vyhraÌ?l trÌ?i z peÌ?ti finaÌ?le ve volneÌ?m zpuÌ?sobu.
+
+UdeÌ?lal bych to zase, rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? treneÌ?r ZÌ?emliÌ?k Opava - SedmacÌ?tyrÌ?icetiletyÌ? Petr ZÌ?emliÌ?k, kteryÌ? minulyÌ? tyÌ?den v OpaveÌ? rezignoval na funkci treneÌ?ra, si za rozhodnutiÌ?m - pro fotbalovou verÌ?ejnost hodneÌ? prÌ?ekvapivyÌ?m stojiÌ?. "UdeÌ?lal bych to zase," tvrdiÌ? pevnyÌ?m hlasem.
+
+SÌ?achta rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?ila sveÌ? expozice Chrustenice - UnikaÌ?tniÌ? pojiÌ?zdnaÌ? elektrickaÌ? trakcÌ?niÌ? lokomotiva z roku 1910 a dvojnaÌ?sobnaÌ? deÌ?lka prohliÌ?dkoveÌ? trasy jsou hlavniÌ?mi turistickyÌ?mi laÌ?kadly, o neÌ?zÌ? rozsÌ?iÌ?rÌ?ila svou letosÌ?niÌ? nabiÌ?dku sÌ?achta v ChrusteniciÌ?ch na Berounsku.
+
+SpotrÌ?ebiteleÌ? jsou maÌ?lo informovaÌ?ni o tom, co se jich tyÌ?kaÌ? a jak se mohou braÌ?nit, pokud si koupiÌ? sÌ?patnou veÌ?c, " tvrdil naprÌ?iÌ?klad obyvatel Prachatic DusÌ?an Pavel.
+
+K uÌ?krytu si jedenaÌ?ct RumunuÌ? vybralo podvozek jednoho z vagonuÌ?. PrÌ?esto policistuÌ?m neunikli. Deset z ukrytyÌ?ch cizincuÌ? se na vyÌ?zvu policistuÌ?m vzdalo, ale jedenaÌ?ctyÌ? odmiÌ?tal ze sveÌ?ho uÌ?krytu vyleÌ?zt. Odtud ho vypudil azÌ? sluzÌ?ebniÌ? pes - cizince prÌ?itom pokousal na praveÌ?m boku a leveÌ? lopatce.
+
+Ta ale nelze zaparkovat vsÌ?ude tam, kde bychom chteÌ?li. MaÌ?me vsÌ?ak objednaÌ?no devadesaÌ?t radaruÌ?, ktereÌ? bude mozÌ?no umistÌ?ovat i na trojnozÌ?ky.
+
+Na konci roku vlastnily draÌ?hy 65188 vozuÌ? a 3732 hnaciÌ?ch vozidel. CelkoveÌ? trzÌ?by vzrostly v pololetiÌ? o 1549 miliardy na 17223 miliardy korun. LonÌ?skaÌ? tyÌ?denniÌ? staÌ?vka zÌ?eleznicÌ?aÌ?rÌ?uÌ? prÌ?ipravila podnik zhruba o 240 milionuÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m v naÌ?kladniÌ? prÌ?epraveÌ?.
+
+Tam 8. kveÌ?tna 1913 zemrÌ?ela na tuberkuloÌ?zu. Roku 1987 ji papezÌ? Jan Pavel II. prohlaÌ?sil za blahoslavenou. CiÌ?rkevniÌ? kalendaÌ?rÌ? dnes prÌ?ipomiÌ?naÌ? PromeÌ?neÌ?niÌ? PaÌ?neÌ?, jezÌ? se tyÌ?kaÌ? zÌ?ivota JezÌ?iÌ?sÌ?e Krista. LideÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? jej naÌ?sledovali, chteÌ?li veÌ?deÌ?t kdo vlastneÌ? je.
+
+Jako by to bylo teÌ?lo bez hlavy, "vyhrkla, aby vzaÌ?peÌ?tiÌ? sveÌ?mu nejlepsÌ?iÌ?mu vyÌ?konu 14.53 m dala prÌ?iÌ?vlastek podpruÌ?meÌ?rnyÌ?. KdyzÌ? vycÌ?erpala sebekritiku, pustila se do porÌ?adateluÌ?." NedokaÌ?zali vuÌ?bec zareagovat, kdyzÌ? po celou dobu souteÌ?zÌ?e foukal protiviÌ?tr.
+
+KdyzÌ? jsem ve smlouveÌ?, kterou jsme sepsali, videÌ?l gramatickeÌ? chyby, pomyslel jsem si, zÌ?e ten reparaÌ?t bude jisteÌ? z cÌ?esÌ?tiny a v duchu kluka jesÌ?teÌ? politoval, " vzpomiÌ?naÌ? na setkaÌ?niÌ? s podvodniÌ?ky Milan. Nad smlouvou se tedÌ? jen trpce usmiÌ?vaÌ?.
+
+V uÌ?vodniÌ?m dostihu se velmi dobrÌ?e uvedl Korzet s amateÌ?rem UrbaÌ?nkem, skoncÌ?il paÌ?tyÌ?. O dveÌ? prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?ky za niÌ?m dobeÌ?hl Indian Charmer s VladimiÌ?rem VinklaÌ?rkem. HlubockeÌ? LerÌ?e treneÌ?ra Hanouska se nevedlo a dostih nedokoncÌ?ila.
+
+TrÌ?etiny: 0: 0, 2: 0, 2: 2. MladaÌ? Boleslav - Most 4: 4. HosteÌ? utkaÌ?niÌ? dobrÌ?e zacÌ?ali, ale ve druheÌ? a trÌ?etiÌ? trÌ?etineÌ? byli uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?neÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? domaÌ?ciÌ? a vybojovali bod. Branky: 5. Moc, 12.
+
+Branky: Hovorka vlastniÌ?, Jurenka, Pechar, Port, ChalupniÌ?k. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: HolakovskyÌ?. ZÌ?K: 3: 2. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 150. PolocÌ?as: 0: 2. Jiskra ModraÌ? - Elitex Jablonec nad Nisou 1: 0. Branka: PrÌ?ibyl.
+
+Po kazÌ?deÌ?m koncertu jsme zametali naÌ?dvorÌ?iÌ? a podloubiÌ? azÌ? po naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ? jako blaÌ?zni. NemeÌ?lo to cenu, "krcÌ?iÌ? rameny Butula. ZaÌ?kaz prodaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? piva by podle neÌ?j stejneÌ? nic nevyrÌ?esÌ?il." HosteÌ? by si pitiÌ? stejneÌ? donesli v batohu, " maÌ?vl rezignovaneÌ? rukou.
+
+Lovosice - Hranice 22: 28 (12: 12). NejviÌ?c branek: Srba 7/2, PiskacÌ? 5/1, SÌ?tarha 5 - JiraÌ?nek 9/3, MzÌ?ik 6. SedmimetroveÌ? hody: 7/4: 4/3.
+
+PrÌ?edlonÌ?skeÌ? album Fugees: The Score si koupilo 17 milionuÌ? posluchacÌ?uÌ? na celeÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ? a skupina se stala nejprodaÌ?vaneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? rapovou kapelou vsÌ?ech dob.
+
+VisÌ?nÌ?ovaÌ?981032: 625 2. StraÌ?zÌ?971121: 922 3. NovaÌ? Ves952231: 1717 4. FryÌ?dlant951314: 1016 5. LucÌ?any942319: 2314 6. HerÌ?manice942317: 2114 7. Plavy941417: 1813 8. CÌ?eskyÌ? Dub B932418: 1911 9. JindrÌ?ichovice932421: 2611 10.
+
+OdvolanyÌ? vedouciÌ? je totizÌ? jejich cÌ?lenem a tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e postup radniÌ?ch prÌ?ipomiÌ?naÌ? praktiky totalitniÌ?ho rezÌ?imu. " VyÌ?roky starosty jsou lzÌ?iveÌ?, protozÌ?e plaÌ?n funkcÌ?niÌ?ho vyuzÌ?itiÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? byl radniÌ?mi rÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? schvaÌ?len.
+
+Ta u kontroly TUV diskvalifikuje teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? sÌ?estnaÌ?ct procent z proveÌ?rÌ?ovanyÌ?ch automobiluÌ? uzÌ? po sedmi letech provozu. Kritiku zasluhuje i dlouhyÌ? mrtvyÌ? chod brzdoveÌ?ho pedaÌ?lu. VyÌ?hrady jsou k umiÌ?steÌ?niÌ? sveÌ?tlometuÌ? a zvlaÌ?sÌ?teÌ? k uÌ?cÌ?innosti potkaÌ?vaciÌ?ch sveÌ?tel. Mazda 323 F je prostornaÌ?, komfortniÌ?, ale vzhledoveÌ? nevyÌ?raznaÌ?
+
+Pak jsme jizÌ? brzy s Pavlem NedveÌ?dem pendlovali mezi PlzniÌ? a Skalnou. V cÌ?ervenci jsem mu naprÌ?iÌ?klad deÌ?lal v ItaÌ?lii sparingpartnera, kdyzÌ? se po operaci vracel do treÌ?ninku. PrÌ?ipravovat se ve fantasticky vybaveneÌ?m strÌ?edisku Lazia RÌ?iÌ?m byl mimorÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? zaÌ?zÌ?itek. SdiÌ?liÌ? rodina vasÌ?i fotbalovou vaÌ?sÌ?enÌ??
+
+EnergiiÌ? budou stanici zaÌ?sobovat cÌ?tyrÌ?i panely slunecÌ?niÌ?ch bateriiÌ? o rozpeÌ?tiÌ? 88 metruÌ? na konciÌ?ch. Monstrum bude vaÌ?zÌ?it 490 tun. Pro srovnaÌ?niÌ?: Mir se sÌ?esti vaÌ?lcovyÌ?mi moduly maÌ? 110 tun.
+
+"Benefice porÌ?aÌ?daÌ?me uzÌ? od roku 1992," uvedla Hana KubesÌ?ovaÌ? z nadace, kteraÌ? chce napomaÌ?hat vzdeÌ?laÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? personaÌ?lu i zkvalitnÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? leÌ?cÌ?ebnyÌ?ch metod prÌ?i poruchaÌ?ch krvetvorby. KoncertniÌ? agentura Amneris prÌ?ipraviÌ? do konce kalendaÌ?rÌ?niÌ?ho roku jesÌ?teÌ? trojici koncertuÌ?.
+
+DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 4210. TrÌ?etiny: 0: 0, 1: 0, 1: 0.
+
+Prezident po schuÌ?zce novinaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?m rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e s premieÌ?rem probrali takeÌ? duÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ? zahranicÌ?neÌ?politickeÌ? aktivity v prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?m roce, jako je dubnovyÌ? summit NATO ve Washingtonu, jehozÌ? se prezident hodlaÌ? zuÌ?cÌ?astnit.
+
+"NovaÌ? koncepce by to meÌ?la odstranit. Od komise si naviÌ?c slibujeme, zÌ?e prÌ?evezme od radniÌ?ch roli soudce prÌ?i vzaÌ?jemneÌ?m napadaÌ?niÌ? klubuÌ? kvuÌ?li vyÌ?sÌ?i prÌ?iÌ?speÌ?vku," rÌ?ekl miÌ?stostarosta Ivan Fuksa. Kolik peneÌ?z meÌ?sto vycÌ?leniÌ? na jejich podporu v prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?m roce, vsÌ?ak nedokaÌ?zal rÌ?iÌ?ci.
+
+PRÌ?EROV - TragickeÌ? se stalo novorocÌ?niÌ? raÌ?no pro 22leteÌ?ho muzÌ?e z PrÌ?erova, kteryÌ? o silvestrovskeÌ? noci stanoval s kamaraÌ?dem na kopci nad restauraciÌ? TlustyÌ? Jan mezi obcemi OlsÌ?ovec a BonÌ?kov na PrÌ?erovsku. KraÌ?tce po puÌ?lnoci oba dostali chutÌ? na pivo a vyrazili do hospody.
+
+KfW ziÌ?skala akcie Deutsche Telekom NeÌ?meckaÌ? staÌ?tniÌ? rozvojovaÌ? agentura Kreditanstalt fuÌ?r Wiederaufbau (KfW) koupila od vlaÌ?dy v raÌ?mci prÌ?edchoziÌ? dohody za zhruba 10 miliard marek 13 % akciiÌ? spolecÌ?nosti Deutsche Telekom.
+
+KrÌ?enek 207.5 (84.5 + 84.5),... 32. Rom. KrÌ?enek (vsÌ?ichni CÌ?R) 95.5 (81.5). PruÌ?beÌ?zÌ?nyÌ? stav SP (po 12 zaÌ?vodech): 1. Harada 729 boduÌ?, 2. Thoma (NeÌ?m) 618, 3.
+
+Do svyÌ?ch akciÌ? chteÌ?jiÌ? zapojit takeÌ? SlovaÌ?ky zÌ?ijiÌ?ciÌ? v CÌ?eskeÌ? republice. 20. 1. SpornaÌ? novela SME Novela volebniÌ?ho zaÌ?kona prosazovanaÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? koaliciÌ? obsahuje trÌ?i podstatneÌ? zaÌ?sahy do soucÌ?asnyÌ?ch volebniÌ?ch pravidel. UvnitrÌ? vlaÌ?dniÌ? koalice je spornyÌ? pouze jeden z nich.
+
+Sevilla 20 9 6 5 28: 25 33 9. Mallorca 22 8 8 6 29: 19 32 10. Zaragoza 22 7 8 7 31: 38 29 11. Valencia 22 8 4 10 31: 29 28 12.
+
+LOUNY - Na Lounsku byly vloni oceneÌ?ny desiÌ?tky bezplatnyÌ?ch daÌ?rcuÌ? krve. ZlateÌ? JanskeÌ?ho plakety obdrzÌ?elo 80 lidiÌ?, strÌ?iÌ?brneÌ? 110 daÌ?rcuÌ? a bronzoveÌ? 117 dobrovolniÌ?kuÌ?. TEPLICE - O azyl pro bezdomovce v TepliciÌ?ch se staraÌ? okresniÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad.
+
+Dukla Brno (Groch - SÌ?miÌ?d) 3, 4. SÌ?vyÌ?carsko (Kern - Bosshart) 3, 5. Rakousko (Pischl - BoÌ?hm) 0. KasÌ?paÌ?rkovaÌ? druhaÌ?, rychlaÌ? FormanovaÌ?
+
+" V minulyÌ?ch letech jsme odchod do zaÌ?lohy organizovali tak, zÌ?e jsme o puÌ?lnoci prÌ?istavili prÌ?ed kasaÌ?rna autobus a odvezli uzÌ? byÌ?valeÌ? vojaÌ?ky na pardubickeÌ? naÌ?drazÌ?iÌ?.
+
+FaÌ?meÌ?, zÌ?e virus si vybiÌ?raÌ? jen slabsÌ?iÌ? pohlaviÌ?, se samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? vysmaÌ?la. TakeÌ? rÌ?editel jihlavskeÌ? HygienickeÌ? stanice Stanislav Wasserbauer se smiÌ?chem vyloucÌ?il mozÌ?nost, zÌ?e viry dokaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? rozlisÌ?ovat pohlaviÌ?. "Kam moje leÌ?karÌ?skeÌ? znalosti sahajiÌ?, nic podobneÌ?ho neniÌ? mozÌ?neÌ?," rÌ?ekl.
+
+PrazÌ?skyÌ? koncert je soucÌ?aÌ?stiÌ? evropskeÌ?ho turneÌ? s naÌ?zvem Deuces Wild Tour 1998: B. B. King + Very Special Guests, na ktereÌ? se vydaÌ?vaÌ? v souvislosti s vydaÌ?niÌ?m jeho alba duetuÌ?.
+
+Plch) Tenis Antverpy - 1. kolo: Damm (CÌ?R) - Dewulf (Belg.) 4: 6, 7: 6 (8: 6), 6: 4, Siemerink (Niz.) - IvanisÌ?evicÌ? (6 - Chorv.)
+
+JejiÌ? trÌ?i cÌ?lenoveÌ? (SÌ?vyÌ?car Baumgartner, Polka ZuchowiczovaÌ? a Japonec Kotera) svuÌ?j vyÌ?rok, kteryÌ? je jizÌ? konecÌ?nyÌ? a bez mozÌ?nosti odvolaÌ?niÌ?, nehodlajiÌ? komentovat. Kauzu Samuelsson tiÌ?m povazÌ?ujiÌ? za uzavrÌ?enou, spraÌ?vniÌ? poplatek za protest vsÌ?ak CÌ?OV pryÌ? platit nemusiÌ?...
+
+Cena je vysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? 800000 KcÌ?. NaÌ?strÌ?ik vany NejlevneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? mozÌ?nostiÌ? je naopak naÌ?strÌ?ik sanitaÌ?rniÌ?ho zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ?. Firem, ktereÌ? se touto sluzÌ?bou zabyÌ?vajiÌ?, neniÌ? ovsÌ?em mnoho. CÌ?asto je naviÌ?c trÌ?eba cÌ?ekat na dovoz materiaÌ?lu.
+
+Z nejprodaÌ?vaneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?ch akciiÌ? v uÌ?teryÌ? posiÌ?lil SPT Telecom o 2.38 procenta na 4249 korun, prÌ?idal Unipetrol o 1.89 procenta na 90.69 koruny a CÌ?EZ o 1.52 procenta na 998 korun. KomercÌ?niÌ? banka stagnovala, IPB oslabila o dalsÌ?iÌ?ch 5.89 procenta na 146 korun.
+
+Jeden z uÌ?dajnyÌ?ch iniciaÌ?toruÌ? celeÌ? akce, sÌ?vyÌ?carskyÌ? podnikatel cÌ?eskeÌ?ho puÌ?vodu Jan ViÌ?zek, v CÌ?T uvedl, zÌ?e puÌ?jcÌ?ka ve prospeÌ?ch soc. dem. meÌ?la cÌ?init 20 azÌ? 30 milioÌ?nuÌ? sÌ?vyÌ?carskyÌ?ch frankuÌ? (460 milioÌ?nuÌ?, resp. 690 milioÌ?nuÌ? korun).
+
+Jak uzÌ? PraÌ?vo informovalo, obchodniÌ? bilance CÌ?R vykaÌ?zala za uÌ?nor 1998 schodek 3.6 miliardy korun a za prvniÌ? dva meÌ?siÌ?ce 8.1 miliardy. Po pomeÌ?rneÌ? prÌ?iÌ?zniveÌ?m lednoveÌ?m vyÌ?sledku tedy nastalo dalsÌ?iÌ? zlepsÌ?eniÌ?.
+
+Na tuzemskeÌ?m trhu s pivem zvyÌ?sÌ?il v minuleÌ?m roce PP svuÌ?j podiÌ?l z 22 na 27 procent a v zahranicÌ?iÌ? prodal 498492 hektolitruÌ? svyÌ?ch znacÌ?ek. Letos plaÌ?nuje vyveÌ?zt 574300 hl piva. V CÌ?R dokoncÌ?eno loni 15904 bytuÌ?
+
+MluveneÌ? slovo puÌ?sobilo zase probleÌ?my DaneÌ? HokesÌ?oveÌ?, jezÌ? roli LiÌ?zy promeÌ?nila v jedinou krÌ?ecÌ? urputneÌ? koketnosti a stereotypneÌ? zpeÌ?vaveÌ? intonace.
+
+Young / asist. Marha /, 40. SelaÌ?nne). Edmonton - Washington 4: 2 (9. Dollas, 19. Guerin, 28. Kovalenko, 60. Weight / asist. Musil / - 5. Oates, 8. Johansson).
+
+ZvraÌ?ceneÌ? a zastaraleÌ? teorie, zÌ?e zameÌ?stnaneckeÌ? vlastnictviÌ? je formou socialismu, je trÌ?eba prÌ?ekonat. DosavadniÌ? privatizacÌ?niÌ? zmatek nelze "dotaÌ?hnout do konce", ale spiÌ?sÌ?e prÌ?ehodnotit a plneÌ? zaprÌ?aÌ?hnout do zaÌ?jmu spolecÌ?nosti. 7.
+
+Tam se cÌ?loveÌ?k musiÌ? prÌ?ekonat a daÌ?t partÌ?aÌ?kovi najevo, zÌ?e je na tom dobrÌ?e psychicky, "prozradil Martin Damm, ale rozhodneÌ? prohru na Vacka nesvaÌ?diÌ?." Byli jsme favority a meÌ?li jsme to potvrdit. Za prohru muÌ?zÌ?eme oba. " Z DOMOVA A CIZINY Fotbal
+
+PodarÌ?ilo se mu to prÌ?i prÌ?esilovce, kdyzÌ? na trestneÌ? lavici sedeÌ?l HoliÌ?k. PohyÌ?ch 85 sekund schaÌ?zelo, aby brankaÌ?rÌ? Buffala Dominik HasÌ?ek, kteryÌ? v utkaÌ?niÌ? kryl patnaÌ?ct strÌ?el, udrzÌ?el pocÌ?trnaÌ?cteÌ? cÌ?isteÌ? konto.
+
+UzavrÌ?eniÌ? staÌ?lyÌ?ch seznamuÌ? volicÌ?uÌ?. 19. cÌ?ervna - ZacÌ?aÌ?tek voleb. VolebniÌ? miÌ?stnosti budou otevrÌ?eny od 14.00 do 22.00, vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ? od 12.00. 20. cÌ?ervna - Konec voleb. VolebniÌ? miÌ?stnosti budou otevrÌ?eny od 7.00 do 14.00, vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ? uzÌ? od 5.00.
+
+OficiaÌ?lniÌ? vyÌ?rok bratislavskeÌ? dostihoveÌ? komise bliÌ?zÌ?e nespecifikuje duÌ?vod, podle ocÌ?ityÌ?ch sveÌ?dkuÌ? vsÌ?ak PetrliÌ?k fyzicky napadl francouzskeÌ?ho zÌ?okeje Beauchampa. T. KonecÌ?nyÌ? byl devaÌ?tyÌ? v sedmeÌ? etapeÌ? cyklistickeÌ?ho zaÌ?vodu DolniÌ?m Saskem ve stejneÌ?m cÌ?ase jako viÌ?teÌ?znyÌ? NeÌ?mec Hondo. CelkoveÌ? vede jeho krajan KloÌ?den.
+
+JednaÌ?niÌ? by meÌ?lo dnes pokracÌ?ovat, a to vyÌ?slechem ChadimoveÌ?. DiskusniÌ? porÌ?ad V praveÌ? poledne zaujal, Nova posunuje SedmicÌ?ku
+
+NevyloucÌ?il vsÌ?ak, zÌ?e naÌ?vrhy na pozastaveniÌ? vyÌ?platy prÌ?iÌ?speÌ?vku neÌ?kdo z poslancuÌ? vznese, protozÌ?e je kraÌ?tce prÌ?ed volbami. "NeveÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m ale, zÌ?e by si neÌ?kdo vzal teÌ?sneÌ? prÌ?ed volbami na triko gesto, ktereÌ? by z jedneÌ? strany udeÌ?lalo mucÌ?edniÌ?ka," rÌ?ekl PraÌ?vu KolaÌ?rÌ?.
+
+O nadchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ? letniÌ? sezoÌ?neÌ? kolujiÌ? neprÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? prÌ?iÌ?zniveÌ? prÌ?edpoveÌ?di. Jak to vidiÌ? vasÌ?e cestovniÌ? kancelaÌ?rÌ?? LonÌ?skaÌ? turistickaÌ? sezoÌ?na byla, jak viÌ?me, velmi problematickaÌ?, ale pro Globtour prÌ?esto uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?naÌ?.
+
+Podle neÌ?kteryÌ?ch zdrojuÌ? se vsÌ?ak AmericÌ?aneÌ? prÌ?ekvapiveÌ? ve smlouvaÌ?ch o sveÌ?m kapitaÌ?loveÌ?m vstupu vyÌ?slovneÌ? nezavaÌ?zali k tomu, zÌ?e budou prodaÌ?vat produkty Aera, zejmeÌ?na jeho novyÌ? letoun L - 159, ve vlastniÌ? prodejniÌ? siÌ?ti.
+
+VzÌ?dytÌ? jejich vuÌ?dcovskyÌ? idol byl poniÌ?zÌ?en od opovrhovanyÌ?ch cikaÌ?nuÌ?, ktereÌ? republikaÌ?ni doporucÌ?ujiÌ? k recyklaci jako odpad. NediviÌ?me se RomuÌ?m, zÌ?e jednali, jak jednali. Politika cÌ?eskyÌ?ch republikaÌ?nuÌ? systematicky vyzyÌ?vaÌ? k naÌ?siliÌ? vuÌ?cÌ?i skupineÌ? obyvatel s rasovyÌ?m podtextem.
+
+Povede program US k sociaÌ?lniÌ?mu napeÌ?tiÌ??
+
+NemeÌ?lo by jiÌ?t o fuÌ?zi, avsÌ?ak soucÌ?asneÌ? by se novaÌ? strana chteÌ?la prezentovat jako "neÌ?co viÌ?ce nezÌ? pouhaÌ? konfederace", miÌ?niÌ? generaÌ?lniÌ? tajemniÌ?k UDF Nicolas Sarkozy. TermiÌ?n oznaÌ?meniÌ? integrace RPR a UDF nebyl naÌ?hodnyÌ?.
+
+I. tah sportky - jackpot: 9360262.50 KcÌ?. II. tah sportky - jackpot: 6715645.50 KcÌ?. SÌ?ance - jackpot: 212480 KcÌ?. Dva boxerÌ?i jsou ve hrÌ?e o medaili
+
+" ZpraÌ?vy o tom, zÌ?e jizÌ? minulou nedeÌ?li dosÌ?lo k odpojeniÌ? rozhlasu po draÌ?teÌ? v Praze 1, 2 a 3, jsou nepravdiveÌ?. Faktem je, zÌ?e sluzÌ?ba rozhlasu po draÌ?teÌ? je zastaralaÌ? a v neÌ?kteryÌ?ch lokalitaÌ?ch metropole jizÌ? delsÌ?iÌ? dobu nefunguje.
+
+PrÌ?edniÌ? sveÌ?tovaÌ? ratingovaÌ? agentura Moody ' s Investors Service v paÌ?tek sniÌ?zÌ?ila hodnoceniÌ? rizika devizovyÌ?ch zaÌ?vazkuÌ? Ruska ze stupneÌ? BA3 na B1 a degradovala i ruskyÌ? rating devizovyÌ?ch bankovniÌ?ch vkladuÌ?.
+
+"V okrese UÌ?stiÌ? na Labem vyhraje levice vyÌ?razneÌ?," teÌ?sÌ?iÌ? se uÌ?steckyÌ? zastupitel Bauer (KSCÌ?M). U CÌ?SSD odhaduje volebniÌ? vyÌ?sledek kolem 30 procent, u sveÌ? strany o deset procent meÌ?neÌ?. Levice podle neÌ?j vyhraje v celyÌ?ch severniÌ?ch CÌ?echaÌ?ch.
+
+SÌ?KOLNIÌ? LETECKEÌ? ZAÌ?KLADNY PLK. JAN ANDRLIÌ?K RÌ?EKL PRAÌ?VU: Nedostatek financiÌ? uÌ?dajneÌ? rozlozÌ?il a zdecimoval armaÌ?du, a letectvo prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m. PlatiÌ? to i o leteckeÌ? zaÌ?kladneÌ? v PardubiciÌ?ch? StaÌ?le jesÌ?teÌ? doplaÌ?ciÌ?me na chyby z minulyÌ?ch let, kdy byly prostrÌ?edky neuÌ?cÌ?elneÌ? rozdeÌ?lovaÌ?ny a neefektivneÌ? vyuzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?ny.
+
+3. Kolumbie 2 1 0 1 1: 1 3 4. Tunisko 2 0 0 2 0: 3 0 IÌ?raÌ?n: VelkyÌ? satan byl pokorÌ?en
+
+Je v neÌ?m 70 AmericÌ?anuÌ?, 52 EvropanuÌ? a 44 AsijcuÌ?, prÌ?icÌ?emzÌ? "nejchudsÌ?iÌ?" miliardaÌ?rÌ? maÌ? podle Forbesu 1.5 mld. dolaruÌ?. CÌ?asopis maÌ? ve vyÌ?hledu dalsÌ?iÌ?ch 18 lidiÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? uzÌ? zrÌ?ejmeÌ? prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? rok budou kandidovat na umiÌ?steÌ?niÌ? v zÌ?ebrÌ?iÌ?cÌ?ku.
+
+NejbliÌ?zÌ?e ke vstrÌ?eleniÌ? goÌ?lu meÌ?l teÌ?sneÌ? prÌ?ed koncem Denilson, ale trefil jen brÌ?evno. Naopak z rychleÌ?ho brejku dokonal zkaÌ?zu obhaÌ?jcuÌ? titulu trÌ?etiÌ?m goÌ?lem PeÌ?tit. Podrobnosti na str. 19, 20 a 24 V KarlovyÌ?ch Varech bylo nejlepsÌ?iÌ? Srdce na dlani
+
+Cena ropnyÌ?ch termiÌ?novyÌ?ch kontraktuÌ? (futures) tak od poloviny kveÌ?tna nedosaÌ?hla 15 dolaruÌ? za barel. SeveromorÌ?skaÌ? ropa Brent meÌ?la 16. cÌ?ervna prÌ?i ceneÌ? 10.57 dolaruÌ? za barel na pohotoveÌ?m trhu nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? cenu od roku 1986.
+
+KrytiÌ? "sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch" uÌ?veÌ?ruÌ? -) 33.7 CelkovyÌ? dluh 309.4 Pozn.: -) StaryÌ? blok uÌ?veÌ?ruÌ? slozÌ?enyÌ? z novomanzÌ?elskyÌ?ch puÌ?jcÌ?ek, uÌ?veÌ?ruÌ? na byty apod. Pramen: VlaÌ?da CÌ?R. Doprava se dotovala nenaÌ?vratnyÌ?mi uÌ?veÌ?ry
+
+V druheÌ? jiÌ?zdeÌ? vsÌ?ak nikdo nestacÌ?il CÌ?epelaÌ?kovi, jenzÌ? se i v puÌ?llitrech posunul na druheÌ? miÌ?sto domaÌ?ciÌ?ho sÌ?ampionaÌ?tu za KucÌ?iÌ?rka, kteryÌ? staÌ?l jen jednou na stupniÌ?ch viÌ?teÌ?zuÌ?, a to za trÌ?etiÌ? miÌ?sto v prvniÌ? jiÌ?zdeÌ?.
+
+"ViÌ?c nezÌ? dvakraÌ?t tolik," upozornÌ?uje. Fotbal je cÌ?asto oznacÌ?ovaÌ?n jako konzervativniÌ? sport, podle Amlera se vsÌ?ak pokrok v teÌ?to oblasti nezastaviÌ?.
+
+SteÌ?ny jsou biÌ?leÌ?, oken mnoho, francouzskeÌ? dverÌ?e vedou do zahrady. BytoveÌ?ho textilu je naopak minimaÌ?lneÌ?. Okna jsou vybavena zÌ?aluziemi, takzÌ?e stacÌ?iÌ? lehkeÌ?, nenaÌ?padneÌ? zaÌ?clony. Zuzana by se obesÌ?la ibez nich, jejiÌ? manzÌ?el maÌ? vsÌ?ak zaÌ?clony v oblibeÌ?.
+
+Tam maÌ?m asi deset prÌ?edstaveniÌ? a pak se vraciÌ?m do Prahy, kde 23. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? v PyramideÌ? obnoviÌ?me uvaÌ?deÌ?niÌ? Mise. Kolik uzÌ? teÌ?ch MisiÌ? bylo, baviÌ? vaÌ?s jesÌ?teÌ?? To viÌ?te zÌ?e ano, vzÌ?dytÌ? ji hrajeme vlastneÌ? teprve chvilku.
+
+152,... 19. - 20. ZrÌ?iÌ?dkaveselyÌ? 22. ZÌ?eny: 1. StaffovaÌ? (Nor.) 17: 18,... 5. CieslarovaÌ? +31 s, 11. HonzovaÌ? 1: 02 min., 13.
+
+KromeÌ? toho na neÌ?j byl vydaÌ?n zatykacÌ? ve veÌ?tsÌ?ineÌ? arabskyÌ?ch zemiÌ?, v BritaÌ?nii, RÌ?ecku, Francii a ItaÌ?lii.
+
+"V cÌ?aÌ?sti nazvaneÌ? Pax culture mohou videÌ?t naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ci reprodukce na plaÌ?tneÌ?, ktereÌ? byly porÌ?iÌ?zeny pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?ovou technikou," rÌ?ekl rÌ?editel muzea ZdeneÌ?k VitaÌ?cÌ?ek. Expozice je prÌ?iÌ?stupnaÌ? do 9. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ?. SveÌ?dectviÌ? o roce 1968 v OstraveÌ?
+
+Burns - Reid (Brit., Mitsubishi) 3: 19: 52, 6. RadstroÌ?m - Barth (SÌ?veÌ?d., Toyota) 3: 20: 07.. 0.25. Sibera - JiraÌ?tko (CÌ?R, SÌ?koda Octavia) 3: 57: 11.
+
+DEÌ?CÌ?IÌ?N - Do zaparkovaneÌ?ho auta se vloupal v DeÌ?cÌ?iÌ?neÌ? jeden miÌ?stniÌ? muzÌ?. Majitel vozu jej prÌ?i cÌ?inu vyrusÌ?il a lupicÌ? jej v leknutiÌ? bodl kuchynÌ?skyÌ?m nozÌ?em do ruky a utekl. Ne vsÌ?ak daleko. PolicisteÌ? ho lapili a obvinili z pokusu o loupezÌ?.
+
+Pojistky uzavrÌ?eneÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?ed rokem 1989 obvykle zneÌ?jiÌ? na podstatneÌ? nizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stky, pohybujiÌ?ciÌ? se okolo 30000 korun. PrÌ?i soucÌ?asnyÌ?ch cenaÌ?ch stavebniÌ?ch materiaÌ?luÌ? a praciÌ? by za neÌ? nebylo mozÌ?neÌ? vymeÌ?nit ani strÌ?esÌ?niÌ? krytinu.
+
+NovyÌ? naÌ?kladniÌ? vuÌ?z Avia AD 100 se maÌ? zacÌ?iÌ?t vyraÌ?beÌ?t koncem roku 1999. PraÌ?vu to sdeÌ?lil tiskovyÌ? mluvcÌ?iÌ? spolecÌ?nosti Daewoo Avia JirÌ?iÌ? Kyncl. " Projekt AD 100 probiÌ?haÌ? podle harmonogramu. NyniÌ? se intenziÌ?vneÌ? testujiÌ? prototypy a zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ?me prÌ?ipravovat vyÌ?robniÌ? provozy.
+
+PruÌ?beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? porÌ?adiÌ?: 1. Corser 328.5 b., 2. Slight 328, 3. Fogarty 322.5. DOBRÌ?ANY - MistrovstviÌ? CÌ?R v autokrosu - do 1600 ccm: 1. Fejfar, 2. BartaÌ?sÌ?ek, 3. KalenskyÌ?, do 3500: 1.
+
+BrÌ?eziÌ?k, 75. NecÌ?as. RozhodcÌ?iÌ? PetrÌ?iÌ?k, 1100 divaÌ?kuÌ?. (bir) LAÌ?ZNEÌ? BOHDANECÌ? - CHRUDIM 2: 2 (1: 0). VyÌ?chodocÌ?eskeÌ? derby se neslo ve znameniÌ? urputneÌ?ho boje.
+
+V soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? prÌ?ipadaÌ? na Czech On Line zhruba 40 % platiÌ?ciÌ?ch uzÌ?ivateluÌ?, vyuzÌ?iÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ?ch v CÌ?R internet cestou telefonickeÌ?ho prÌ?ipojeniÌ?. Tato spolecÌ?nost poskytuje vsÌ?echny standardniÌ? sluzÌ?by, angazÌ?uje se i prÌ?i zavaÌ?deÌ?niÌ? technickyÌ?ch novinek na trh vcÌ?etneÌ? hlasoveÌ?ho vyzvedaÌ?vaÌ?niÌ? elektronickeÌ? posÌ?ty telefonem.
+
+chceme je podporovat takeÌ? na konkreÌ?tniÌ?ch trziÌ?ch, kde je majiÌ?, " prohlaÌ?sil prÌ?i otevrÌ?eniÌ? zastoupeniÌ? CÌ?S v MoskveÌ? jejiÌ? generaÌ?lniÌ? rÌ?editel Jaroslav Klapal. OBSE nevydaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?stecÌ?neÌ? vyÌ?sledky z Bosny
+
+Nikdo nemaÌ? zaÌ?jem, aby se konkurence prÌ?edcÌ?asneÌ? dozveÌ?deÌ?la vesÌ?kereÌ? a prÌ?esneÌ? podrobnosti o jeho plaÌ?nech a mohla se na neÌ? duÌ?kladneÌ? prÌ?ipravit. PosuzovaÌ?niÌ? vsÌ?ech investicÌ?niÌ?ch zaÌ?meÌ?ruÌ? je bohuzÌ?el v CÌ?R veÌ?ciÌ? prÌ?iÌ?lisÌ? verÌ?ejnou. A to od sameÌ?ho pocÌ?aÌ?tku.
+
+PraÌ?vo o tom v pondeÌ?liÌ? informoval mluvcÌ?iÌ? NovotneÌ?ho Josef CepaÌ?k. "Ve velmi vyrovnaneÌ?m zaÌ?vodeÌ? prÌ?ed deseti tisiÌ?ci divaÌ?ky dominovali v nedeÌ?li prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m cÌ?esÌ?tiÌ? jezdci," uprÌ?esnil CepaÌ?k.
+
+PraÌ?vu to potvrdil zapisovatel okresniÌ? volebniÌ? komise Pavel KucÌ?era. ZaÌ?sadniÌ? probleÌ?my by se podle neÌ?j nemeÌ?ly vyskytnout ani se zhruba desiÌ?tkou staÌ?tniÌ?ch uÌ?rÌ?edniÌ?kuÌ?, kandidujiÌ?ciÌ?ch do obecniÌ?ch zastupitelstev, kterÌ?iÌ? by v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? zvoleniÌ? museli okamzÌ?iteÌ? ukoncÌ?it soucÌ?asnyÌ? pracovniÌ? pomeÌ?r Kometa Brno dnes hostiÌ? Rosice
+
+3. NovyÌ? JicÌ?iÌ?n 10 7 1 2 20: 10 22 4. M. Albrechtice10 6 2 2 19: 9 20 5. KravarÌ?e 10 6 2 2 16: 8 20 6. Fr. - MiÌ?stek B 10 5 4 1 14: 5 19
+
+Mroz (Polsko) 32: 29, 2. J. BoruÌ?vka (SK NoveÌ? MeÌ?sto n. M.) -7 , 3. Mach (Maratonstav UÌ?pice) -2: 57. MuzÌ?i do 59 let: 1.
+
+KopaliÌ?k, hlavniÌ? rozhodcÌ?iÌ? Balej, vyloucÌ?eniÌ? 1: 3, bez vyuzÌ?itiÌ?, 5179 divaÌ?kuÌ?, trÌ?etiny 0: 3, 1: 0, 1: 3. JuÌ?lius SÌ?upler, treneÌ?r Sparty: " BudeÌ?jovice prÌ?edvedly vyÌ?bornyÌ? hokej.
+
+Jednou z priorit programu cÌ?tyrÌ?koalice je prodej sÌ?edesaÌ?tisedmiprocentniÌ?ho podiÌ?lu Prahy v PrvniÌ? meÌ?stskeÌ? bance. " Konzultovali jsme to, ta banka je k prodeji.
+
+Na zaÌ?mku bude DaÌ?mskyÌ? klub JINDRÌ?ICHUÌ?V HRADEC - Akce nazvanaÌ? DaÌ?mskyÌ? klub dnes probeÌ?hne na staÌ?tniÌ?m hradu a zaÌ?mku v JindrÌ?ichoveÌ? Hradci. PraÌ?vu to sdeÌ?lil kastelaÌ?n Miloslav PauliÌ?k. Pro osm desiÌ?tek zÌ?en z jihocÌ?eskeÌ?ho kraje je prÌ?ipraven pestryÌ? program.
+
+VyhlaÌ?sÌ?ku Rady meÌ?sta PlzneÌ?, kterou by meÌ?la byÌ?t schvaÌ?lena prÌ?echodnaÌ? ustanoveniÌ? k puÌ?l roku noveÌ?mu uÌ?zemniÌ?mu plaÌ?nu, upravujiÌ?ciÌ? se zpeÌ?tnou uÌ?cÌ?innostiÌ? jeho platnost, projednaÌ?vaÌ? ve cÌ?tvrtek (29. 10.) plzenÌ?skeÌ? zastupitelstvo, jezÌ? v tomto slozÌ?eniÌ? zasedaÌ? naposledy.
+
+Do jeho tyÌ?mu snuÌ? patrÌ?iÌ? zejmeÌ?na hraÌ?cÌ?i karlovarskeÌ? Becherovky jako Rudolf Pejchar, Martin Filip cÌ?i Martin Streit. Kdo chce sestavit svuÌ?j ideaÌ?lniÌ? hokejovyÌ? tyÌ?m ze vsÌ?ech extraligovyÌ?ch hraÌ?cÌ?uÌ?, staÌ?le jesÌ?teÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e vyplnit registracÌ?niÌ? formulaÌ?rÌ? a zuÌ?cÌ?astnit se. NejlepsÌ?iÌ? manazÌ?er tyÌ?dne dostaÌ?vaÌ? dres sveÌ?ho obliÌ?beneÌ?ho klubu.
+
+14. AFK KoliÌ?n 13 3 3 7 16: 29 12 15. K. Hora 13 3 2 8 21: 32 11 16. BenaÌ?tky 13 2 2 9 21: 37 8 JIHOCÌ?ESKYÌ?
+
+DobryÌ? rehabilitacÌ?niÌ? leÌ?karÌ? se neomezuje jen na to, zÌ?e pousÌ?tiÌ? pacientovi do teÌ?la elektrickyÌ? proud, pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? ruÌ?zneÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stroje a nejruÌ?zneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? fiÌ?gle jakeÌ?si leÌ?cÌ?ebneÌ? teÌ?lesneÌ? vyÌ?chovy.
+
+BRATISLAVA - Do funkce rÌ?editele SlovenskeÌ? informacÌ?niÌ? sluzÌ?by bude v nejblizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?ch dnech navrzÌ?en VladimiÌ?r Mitro. Rozhodla o tom koalicÌ?niÌ? rada na sveÌ?m pondeÌ?lniÌ?m zasedaÌ?niÌ?. Mitro, kteryÌ? vystrÌ?iÌ?daÌ? Ivana Lexu, staÌ?l v cÌ?ele tajneÌ? sluzÌ?by uzÌ? v roce 1993 - 1994.
+
+"Ve sveÌ?tÌ?aÌ?ku chceme opeÌ?t byÌ?t do 10. miÌ?sta," plaÌ?nuje 9. pilot z porÌ?adiÌ? dvojek v prÌ?edesÌ?leÌ?m rocÌ?niÌ?ku SP. Pozice z minuleÌ? zimy mu ale nezarucÌ?uje vyÌ?hodu startu v elitniÌ? skupineÌ?.
+
+Pragobanka tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e nemuÌ?zÌ?e za odklad vyÌ?platy svyÌ?ch klientuÌ? TvrzeniÌ? o tom, zÌ?e Fond pojisÌ?teÌ?niÌ? vkladuÌ? (FVP) nemuÌ?zÌ?e zahaÌ?jit vyÌ?platu klientuÌ? Pragobanky, protozÌ?e ta nedodala pozÌ?adovaneÌ? podklady, povazÌ?uje prÌ?edstavenstvo teÌ?to banky "za neprÌ?esneÌ? a zavaÌ?deÌ?jiÌ?ciÌ?".
+
+"Tento stav ovsÌ?em netrval dlouho, takzÌ?e nebyla proto prÌ?ijata zÌ?aÌ?dnaÌ? opatrÌ?eniÌ?. Dnes je vsÌ?e skoro v normaÌ?lu," pokracÌ?ovala SyrotkovaÌ?. V soucÌ?asneÌ? dobeÌ? na Karlovarsku jizÌ? teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? vymizely zdroje znecÌ?isÌ?teÌ?niÌ? emisemi SO2.
+
+Prodej nasÌ?eho podiÌ?lu by znamenal pouze jednoraÌ?zovyÌ? zisk, " poznamenal SÌ?koda. Dnes uzÌ? neprÌ?ekonatelneÌ? rozpory mezi PeciÌ? a Malou UÌ?pou, jezÌ? oddalujiÌ? plaÌ?novanou stavbu noveÌ? lanovky na vrchol SneÌ?zÌ?ky, tak bude muset vyrÌ?esÌ?it soud.
+
+HlasovaÌ?niÌ?m mi znovu projevenaÌ? duÌ?veÌ?ra daÌ?vaÌ? konkreÌ?tniÌ? a silnou motivaci pro dalsÌ?iÌ? praÌ?ci na radnici. MinuleÌ? funkcÌ?niÌ? obdobiÌ? jste byl zvolen za starostu jako nestraniÌ?k na kandidaÌ?tce CÌ?SSD, nyniÌ? jako nestraniÌ?k za KDU - CÌ?SL. NeciÌ?tiÌ?te se byÌ?t politickyÌ?m turistou?
+
+" VsÌ?echno, co vypraÌ?viÌ?m, jsou historky, ktereÌ? jsem zazÌ?il. PravdivyÌ? zaÌ?klad samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? upravuji, aby to bylo takzvaneÌ? vtipneÌ?. JaÌ? vlastneÌ? nic jineÌ?ho neumiÌ?m, nezÌ? popisovat, u cÌ?eho jsem byl.
+
+MaximaÌ?lniÌ? tolerance alkoholu v krvi pro rÌ?idicÌ?e je 0.8 promile. PrÌ?i cesteÌ? na zimniÌ? rekreaci se vrÌ?ele doporucÌ?ujiÌ? zimniÌ? pnemuatiky a sneÌ?hoveÌ? rÌ?eteÌ?zy. Nutno pocÌ?iÌ?tat takeÌ? s tiÌ?m, zÌ?e neÌ?ktereÌ? vyÌ?sÌ?e polozÌ?eneÌ? silnicÌ?niÌ? tahy byÌ?vajiÌ? v zimeÌ? uzavrÌ?eneÌ?.
+
+K onecÌ?neÌ? vyÌ?sledky byly velmi zajiÌ?maveÌ?. Ve skupineÌ?, kteraÌ? uzÌ?iÌ?vala nutricÌ?niÌ? produkt, vykazovalo po konecÌ?neÌ?m vysÌ?etrÌ?eniÌ? puÌ?vodniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?znaky vycÌ?erpanosti a ztraÌ?ty vitality pouze 5.7 % testovanyÌ?ch. U placeba to bylo celyÌ?ch 15.2 %.
+
+PrÌ?edseda praÌ?vniÌ?ho vyÌ?boru SneÌ?movny reprezentantuÌ? Henry Hyde v nedeÌ?li vyzval prezidenta Billa Clintona, aby kvuÌ?li obvineÌ?niÌ?m v afeÌ?rÌ?e LewinskaÌ? odstoupil. Prezident zareagoval kategoricky odmiÌ?taveÌ?. " NemaÌ?m v uÌ?myslu rezignovat.
+
+Je o naÌ?s velmi dobrÌ?e postaraÌ?no, podiÌ?vaÌ?m se na spoustu zajiÌ?mavyÌ?ch miÌ?st. Jako trÌ?eba do LondyÌ?na... TentokraÌ?t toho moc nestihnu. Tohle je docela namaÌ?havyÌ? let, v LondyÌ?neÌ? jenom prÌ?espiÌ?me a ziÌ?tra se vraciÌ?me.
+
+ZkraÌ?tka vsÌ?echno, jak maÌ? byÌ?t, jenomzÌ?e bez chuti a bez elaÌ?nu, jako dva upajdaniÌ? komedianti na posledniÌ? sÌ?taci. NeveÌ?rohodneÌ? - to je to spraÌ?vneÌ? slovo.
+
+V obecneÌ?m poveÌ?domiÌ? vznikl vinou izolace, tradicÌ?niÌ?ho i noveÌ?ho komunistickeÌ?ho nacionalismu, strasÌ?eniÌ? revansÌ?ismem a cÌ?eskeÌ?ho sklonu ke sebestrÌ?ednosti pevnyÌ? psychickyÌ? blok, kteryÌ? se osm let po listopadu cÌ?iÌ?m daÌ?l viÌ?ce podobaÌ? neurotickeÌ?mu komplexu. NeniÌ? totizÌ? nijak rozumneÌ? zduÌ?vodnitelnyÌ?.
+
+Za "nebezpecÌ?nou" byla jesÌ?teÌ? nedaÌ?vno povazÌ?ovaÌ?na miÌ?ra vytiÌ?zÌ?eniÌ? okolo osmdesaÌ?ti procent, dnes ale stroje pracujiÌ? na 85 % a inflace staÌ?le nikde. Tak se podle mnohyÌ?ch ekonomuÌ? praÌ?veÌ? projevuje novaÌ? ekonomika, imunniÌ? vuÌ?cÌ?i hrozbaÌ?m inflace. JakeÌ? jsou jejiÌ? zaÌ?klady?
+
+"JaÌ? jsem to zorganizoval," otaÌ?cÌ?iÌ? se BursiÌ?k k rozcÌ?ileneÌ?mu lyzÌ?arÌ?i. "Kdyby se tady dodrzÌ?ovaly dohodnuteÌ? podmiÌ?nky, tak sem vuÌ?bec nejezdiÌ?m." SveÌ?t se o naÌ?s dozviÌ? SÌ?nÌ?uÌ?ra aut pak jede daÌ?l a zastavuje na uÌ?zkeÌ? asfaltce uprostrÌ?ed lesa.
+
+Tuto vyÌ?busÌ?nou atmosfeÌ?ru zchladil azÌ? minulyÌ? tyÌ?den, kdy se prezident rozhodl podepsat zaÌ?kon o noveÌ?m administrativniÌ?m cÌ?leneÌ?niÌ? Polska - - nakonec na 16 vojvodstviÌ? - regionuÌ?. JakaÌ? vojvodstviÌ? to budou? PrÌ?es pouzÌ?iteÌ? historickeÌ? naÌ?zvy nejde o zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? etnicko kulturniÌ? regiony.
+
+ZdaÌ? se, zÌ?e verÌ?ejneÌ? miÌ?neÌ?niÌ?, jezÌ? bylo azÌ? doposud na ClintonoveÌ? straneÌ? a proti Starrovi, se zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? obracet. PrÌ?edbeÌ?zÌ?nyÌ? pruÌ?zkum stanice ABC z paÌ?tecÌ?niÌ? noci naznacÌ?il, zÌ?e Starrovi dnes veÌ?rÌ?iÌ? mnohem viÌ?ce obcÌ?anuÌ? nezÌ? prezidentovi.
+
+Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgermann EncyklopedickyÌ? atlas sveÌ?tovyÌ?ch deÌ?jin Nakl. LidoveÌ? noviny 1998, z neÌ?m. prÌ?elozÌ?il kolektiv prÌ?ekladateluÌ?, vydaÌ?niÌ? neuvedeno, 632 stran, dopor. cena 695 KcÌ?.
+
+Ke staÌ?liciÌ?m na seznamu patrÌ?iÌ? Madonna Ke "staÌ?liciÌ?m" jeho seznamu vsÌ?ak patrÌ?iÌ? jizÌ? neÌ?kolik let popovaÌ? zpeÌ?vacÌ?ka Madonna, kteraÌ? v lonÌ?skeÌ?m roce obsadila druheÌ? miÌ?sto a prÌ?edloni trÌ?etiÌ?.
+
+JisteÌ? riziko vychaÌ?ziÌ? i z kontaktuÌ? prÌ?edlistopadoveÌ?ho rezÌ?imu se staÌ?ty BliÌ?zkeÌ?ho a StrÌ?edniÌ?ho vyÌ?chodu. Nelze vyloucÌ?it, zÌ?e v rÌ?adaÌ?ch islaÌ?mskyÌ?ch teroristickyÌ?ch skupin jsou lideÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? dobrÌ?e znajiÌ? uÌ?zemiÌ? CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky a pomeÌ?ry - vystudovali v CÌ?R, absolvovali policejniÌ? kursy, uzavrÌ?eli snÌ?atky.
+
+KromeÌ? toho je zÌ?aÌ?douciÌ?, aby to byla zÌ?ena, a naviÌ?c prÌ?edstavitelka veÌ?dy, kteraÌ? bude v nadchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?m tisiÌ?ciletiÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? vyÌ?znamneÌ?ji rozhodovat o dalsÌ?iÌ?m vyÌ?voji zemeÌ? i lidstva vuÌ?bec. Stoiber pak prohlaÌ?sil, zÌ?e SchipanskaÌ? prÌ?edstavuje budoucnost, zatiÌ?mco Rau spiÌ?sÌ?e minulost NeÌ?mecka.
+
+JedinyÌ? zdroj poznaÌ?niÌ? prÌ?edstavoval polosamizdatovyÌ? prÌ?eklad knihy Limity ruÌ?stu manzÌ?eluÌ? MeadowsovyÌ?ch (B. Moldan) a oficiaÌ?lneÌ? vydanaÌ? publikace Jeana Dorsta OhrozÌ?enaÌ? prÌ?iÌ?roda (1974).
+
+V minulosti zahranicÌ?niÌ?mi investory obliÌ?beneÌ? telekomunikace, prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m SPT Telecom, ale takeÌ? CÌ?eskeÌ? radiokomunikace, se ocitly na prodejniÌ?m listeÌ?. Cena Telecomu se od zacÌ?aÌ?tku meÌ?siÌ?ce propadla viÌ?ce nezÌ? o 10 %.
+
+K potycÌ?ce dosÌ?lo vcÌ?era, v den prvniÌ?ho vyÌ?rocÌ?iÌ? ozbrojeneÌ?ho konfliktu v Kosovu. V sobotu se odehraÌ?l podobnyÌ? incident: v obci Krivovo, asi 15 kilometruÌ? zaÌ?padneÌ? od PrisÌ?tiny, povstalci ostrÌ?elovali auto policejniÌ? hliÌ?dky, prÌ?icÌ?emzÌ? jednoho policistu zabili a dalsÌ?iÌ?ho zranili.
+
+LodÌ? Lidice byla vojenskyÌ?mi plavidly eskortovaÌ?na do alzÌ?iÌ?rskeÌ?ho prÌ?iÌ?stavu Mers - El KeÌ?bir u Oranu, kde byla 8. dubna v 11 hodin nucena zakotvit. Ihned poteÌ? byla za velkeÌ?ho zaÌ?jmu novinaÌ?rÌ?uÌ? zapocÌ?ata zevrubnaÌ? prohliÌ?dka.
+
+Ve SÌ?trbiciÌ?ch na Teplicku dnes vyvrcholily oslavy 80. vyÌ?rocÌ?iÌ? zalozÌ?eniÌ? miÌ?stniÌ?ho pozÌ?aÌ?rniÌ?ho sboru. Jeho cÌ?lenoveÌ? prÌ?ipravili vsÌ?em jejich uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?m maleÌ? prÌ?ekvapeniÌ?.
+
+V teÌ?mzÌ?e roce natocÌ?il i svuÌ?j posledniÌ? film SvatyÌ? rok. PrÌ?ed deseti lety...
+
+JaÌ?, vojaÌ?k, chci miÌ?r Z Olomouce byl v sobotu zahaÌ?jen prÌ?esun automobilniÌ?ho praporu StrÌ?edniÌ? skupiny soveÌ?tskyÌ?ch vojsk v CÌ?SSR zpeÌ?t do SSSR.
+
+Veronika HavliÌ?kovaÌ?, 1. vydaÌ?niÌ?, 253 stran, dop. cena 179 KcÌ?. Choderlos de Laclos NebezpecÌ?neÌ? znaÌ?mosti PsychologickyÌ? romaÌ?n v dopisech z prostrÌ?ediÌ? francouzskeÌ? libertinskeÌ? spolecÌ?nosti 18. stoletiÌ?. Academia 1999, z fr. prÌ?el.
+
+OldrÌ?ich Janota, 1. vydaÌ?niÌ?, 120 stran, dop. cena 109 KcÌ?. Boris ProchaÌ?zka, FrantisÌ?ek FuÌ?rbach Ema DestinnovaÌ? a jejiÌ? jihocÌ?eskeÌ? siÌ?dlo PortreÌ?t cÌ?eskeÌ? operniÌ? peÌ?vkyneÌ? a jejiÌ? vztah ke krajineÌ? jihocÌ?eskeÌ? StraÌ?zÌ?e nad NezÌ?aÌ?rkou, kterou si kdysi zvolila za svuÌ?j novyÌ? domov.
+
+PokracÌ?ovatel neÌ?meckeÌ? romantickeÌ? tradice V prvniÌ?m svazku SouborneÌ?ho diÌ?la vychaÌ?ziÌ? vyÌ?bor z autorovy celozÌ?ivotniÌ? lyriky, jeho ranaÌ? proÌ?za a romaÌ?n Petr Camenzind.
+
+CÌ?ekalo se totizÌ?, kdy prvniÌ? posÌ?kozeneÌ? kostely zacÌ?nou padat. NyniÌ? se tak stalo. CiÌ?rkev istaÌ?t si budou muset polozÌ?it otaÌ?zku: MaÌ?me zaÌ?jem o zaÌ?chranu vesnickyÌ?ch kosteluÌ?, nebo jde o zbytecÌ?neÌ? pamaÌ?tky, ktereÌ? uzÌ? nikdo nepotrÌ?ebuje? V sÌ?umavskeÌ?m pohranicÌ?iÌ? se zrÌ?iÌ?til kostel
+
+9 boduÌ? 3.
+
+Lucie BiÌ?laÌ? 2. JirÌ?ina JiraÌ?skovaÌ? 3. LibusÌ?e SÌ?afraÌ?nkovaÌ? 4. Marta KubisÌ?ovaÌ? 5. Madeleine AlbrightovaÌ? 6. Jana HlavaÌ?cÌ?ovaÌ? 7. Iva JanzÌ?urovaÌ? 8. Dagmar PeckovaÌ? 9. Jolana VoldaÌ?novaÌ? 10. Dagmar HavlovaÌ? Jsou i podle vaÌ?s tyto zÌ?eny nejsympaticÌ?teÌ?jsÌ?iÌ??
+
+Marta KubisÌ?ovaÌ? 5. Madeleine AlbrightovaÌ? 6. Jana HlavaÌ?cÌ?ovaÌ? 7. Iva JanzÌ?urovaÌ? 8. Dagmar PeckovaÌ? 9. Jolana VoldaÌ?novaÌ? 10. Dagmar HavlovaÌ? Jsou i podle vaÌ?s tyto zÌ?eny nejsympaticÌ?teÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?? Nebo se vaÌ?m toto porÌ?adiÌ? neliÌ?biÌ? a chcete jej zmeÌ?nit?
+
+CÌ?eskeÌ? obeÌ?ti trvajiÌ? na tom, aby za praÌ?ci, kterou odvedly s ostatniÌ?mi, dostaly i stejneÌ? zaplaceno. Hromadnou zÌ?alobu podalo 65 tisiÌ?c obcÌ?anuÌ? CÌ?R u newyorskeÌ?ho soudu na podniky Steyr - Daimler - Puch, Daimler - Chrysler, Volkswagen a Siemens.
+
+Plavba byla zahaÌ?jena v roce 1914, ale definitivneÌ? byl pruÌ?plav dokoncÌ?en azÌ? 12. cÌ?ervna 1920. PrÌ?i stavbeÌ? zemrÌ?elo 22000 deÌ?lniÌ?kuÌ?. SiÌ?liÌ?ciÌ? panamskeÌ? hnutiÌ? za svrchovanost nad oblastiÌ? pruÌ?plavu prÌ?inutilo USA zahaÌ?jit v sÌ?edesaÌ?tyÌ?ch letech rozhovory.
+
+"Lidem je to jedno. MajiÌ? pocit, zÌ?e s" verchusÌ?kou "nic nezmuÌ?zÌ?ou." V CÌ?esku se bude leÌ?cÌ?it zraneÌ?nyÌ? AlbaÌ?nec
+
+ZPRAÌ?VY Z REGIONUÌ? PRAHA
+
+VsÌ?ichni mrtviÌ?. Na takoveÌ? obraÌ?zky se asi nedaÌ? jen tak zapomenout. JAROSLAV SEDLAÌ?K O ZEMEÌ?TRÌ?ESENIÌ? PrÌ?edstavte si meÌ?sto jako CÌ?eskeÌ? BudeÌ?jovice, totaÌ?lneÌ? srovnaneÌ? se zemiÌ?. Hromady sutin. Nefunguje nic. Kanalizace, elektrika. TrÌ?i sta metruÌ? pobrÌ?ezÌ?iÌ? odtrzÌ?eneÌ?ho od pevniny.
+
+NeÌ?co jineÌ?ho je, co povazÌ?ujeme za dobreÌ?, a to, co ve skutecÌ?nosti prÌ?inaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? zÌ?ivotniÌ? realita. "V tom se u naÌ?s projevuje nostalgickaÌ? touha po ideaÌ?lu," soudiÌ? CÌ?ermaÌ?kovaÌ?. PrÌ?edstava podle niÌ? vychaÌ?ziÌ? ze zakorÌ?eneÌ?neÌ? tradice.
+
+JinyÌ? okamzÌ?ityÌ? efekt protest neprÌ?inesl. "PrÌ?iÌ?sÌ?teÌ? budeme razantneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?" Demonstranti si za majestaÌ?tniÌ?ch toÌ?nuÌ? Vangelisova DobytiÌ? raÌ?je, ktereÌ? demonstraci takeÌ? zahajovaly, zacinkali kliÌ?cÌ?i a pak se v klidu rozesÌ?li. " Tato akce stoprocentneÌ? meÌ?la smysl.
+
+PrÌ?ed nedaÌ?vnem spolecÌ?nost zahaÌ?jila podstatnou restrukturalizaci svyÌ?ch provozuÌ?, doprovaÌ?zenou snizÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? pocÌ?tu pracovniÌ?kuÌ?. Intel ukoncÌ?il cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? ziskem 1.9 miliardy
+
+ZahranicÌ?niÌ? podniky SANTA CLARA - NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? sveÌ?tovyÌ? vyÌ?robce polovodicÌ?uÌ?, americkaÌ? spolecÌ?nost Intel, hospodarÌ?il ve 3. cÌ?tvrtletiÌ? letosÌ?niÌ?ho roku s cÌ?istyÌ?m ziskem 1.9 miliardy dolaruÌ?.
+
+ZaÌ?lozÌ?na po dobu nuceneÌ? spraÌ?vy nesmiÌ? prÌ?ijiÌ?mat ani vyplaÌ?cet vklady. MiÌ?sto soucÌ?asneÌ?ho vedeniÌ? bude kampelicÌ?ku rÌ?iÌ?dit nucenyÌ? spraÌ?vce. HroziÌ? i to, zÌ?e cÌ?innost zaÌ?lozÌ?ny uzÌ? nebude obnovena. V tom prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? dostanou jejiÌ? cÌ?lenoveÌ? do trÌ?iÌ? meÌ?siÌ?cuÌ? patnaÌ?ct procent z celeÌ? vyÌ?sÌ?e vkladu.
+
+PrekeÌ?rniÌ? teÌ?ma je prosteÌ? mimo diskusi a hned tak se v niÌ? neobjeviÌ?. Minulost, o nizÌ? tu jde nejviÌ?c, je samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? ta komunistickaÌ?, ale ve hrÌ?e je nejen ona, protozÌ?e tlusteÌ? cÌ?aÌ?ry nejde deÌ?lat ani "za" minulostiÌ?, ani uvnitrÌ?.
+
+OBJEVY TISIÌ?CILETIÌ?: ELEKTRONICKEÌ? POCÌ?IÌ?TACÌ?E Co je to prÌ?evratnyÌ? vynaÌ?lez? TakovyÌ? prÌ?iÌ?stroj, po jehozÌ? zmizeniÌ? by sveÌ?t upadl do zmatku, zhroutila by se civilizace a lidskaÌ? spolecÌ?nost by se vraÌ?tila do doby kamenneÌ?. PocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ? mezi takoveÌ? vynaÌ?lezy bezesporu patrÌ?iÌ?.
+
+SjednoceniÌ? NeÌ?mecka a evropskaÌ? integrace vyÌ?chodniÌ?m smeÌ?rem jsou podle komisarÌ?e EvropskeÌ? unie pro otaÌ?zky rozsÌ?irÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? GuÌ?ntera Verheugena ruÌ?zneÌ? udaÌ?losti a odlisÌ?neÌ? procesy, ktereÌ? nelze smeÌ?sÌ?ovat.
+
+CÌ?eskoslovenskaÌ? veÌ?da dostaÌ?vala v 50. a 60. letech od staÌ?tu viÌ?ce peneÌ?z nezÌ? ta dnesÌ?niÌ?, rÌ?ekl LN RNDr. JirÌ?iÌ? Jindra, CSc. z UÌ?stavu pro soudobeÌ? deÌ?jiny AV CÌ?R. MinulyÌ? tyÌ?den probeÌ?hla v Praze konference o cÌ?eskoslovenskeÌ? veÌ?deÌ? v letech 1953 - 1963.
+
+NasÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? prÌ?isÌ?la novaÌ? demokracie, ale politicÌ?tiÌ? deÌ?dkoveÌ? zesenilneÌ?li. Dokonce majiÌ? nenaÌ?vist k teÌ?m, kterÌ?iÌ? s nimi nesouhlasiÌ?! Je to smutek. Vy vaÌ?lcÌ?iÌ?te s vlaÌ?dniÌ? aroganciÌ?? VsÌ?ude zduÌ?raznÌ?uju, zÌ?e kumsÌ?tyÌ?rÌ? nemaÌ? byÌ?t orientovaÌ?n politicky.
+
+MlaÌ?denec s namalovanyÌ?m slovenskyÌ?m znakem na tvaÌ?rÌ?i volaÌ?: "Slovensko SlovaÌ?kuÌ?m!" MoviteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? nataÌ?cÌ?ejiÌ? videokamerami, chudsÌ?iÌ? se jen fotiÌ?. O puÌ?lnoci zazniÌ? slovenskaÌ? hymna. Snad, neniÌ? slysÌ?et nic nezÌ? ohlusÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? rachot sveÌ?telneÌ? slaÌ?vy. CHCETE BYÌ?T BOHATYÌ??
+
+ZaÌ?jezd s CK Fischer vyhraÌ?la... Vraky bude mozÌ?neÌ? odhlaÌ?sit i v lednu
+
+PRAHA - S odhlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ?m nepojiÌ?zdnyÌ?ch vrakuÌ? z evidence mohou jejich majiteleÌ? pocÌ?kat azÌ? na leden prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?ho roku.
+
+PosledniÌ? statistiky uvaÌ?deÌ?jiÌ?, zÌ?e pro mladeÌ? rodiny staÌ?le chybiÌ? zhruba 100 tisiÌ?c bytuÌ?, prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m ve meÌ?stech. PolistopadoveÌ? zmeÌ?ny otrÌ?aÌ?sly prakticky kazÌ?dou cÌ?eskou rodinou. NeÌ?ktereÌ? se ciÌ?tily osvobozeny, jineÌ? znejisteÌ?ny, cÌ?i dokonce oloupeny.
+
+DalsÌ?iÌ? vyÌ?bavu charakterizujiÌ? tyto detaily: vneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? zrcaÌ?tka s vyhrÌ?iÌ?vaÌ?niÌ?m a pameÌ?tiÌ? polohy, zvukovaÌ? signalizace prÌ?i parkovaÌ?niÌ?, osveÌ?tleniÌ? prostoru pro nohy, vsÌ?estranneÌ? nastavitelnaÌ? sedadla s pameÌ?tiÌ? (toteÌ?zÌ? platiÌ? o volantu). Nehodu hlaÌ?siÌ? automat AbsolutniÌ? pozornost byla veÌ?novaÌ?na aktivniÌ? i pasivniÌ? bezpecÌ?nosti vozu.
+
+Ale co se za niÌ? vlastneÌ? skryÌ?vaÌ?? Je souhrou neÌ?kolika fyziologickyÌ?ch jevuÌ?: dehydratace, miÌ?rneÌ?ho prÌ?edaÌ?vkovaÌ?niÌ? sedativniÌ? drogou a nedostatku vitaminuÌ? a zÌ?ivin. NeÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? leÌ?karÌ?i proto doporucÌ?ujiÌ? prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m odpocÌ?inek, hodneÌ? vody a doplnÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? zÌ?ivin konzumaciÌ? hojnosti ovoce a zeleniny.
+
+PodplukovniÌ?kovi nadrÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? z jeho vyÌ?rokuÌ? velkou radost uÌ?dajneÌ? nemeÌ?li, ovsÌ?em v kasaÌ?rnaÌ?ch se mnoho k lepsÌ?iÌ?mu nezmeÌ?nilo.
+
+KdyzÌ? padajiÌ? bomby, neniÌ? kokakola Muhammad AÌ?sim SuhaiÌ?l, tiskovyÌ? mluvcÌ?iÌ? MasuÌ?dova sÌ?taÌ?bu, se smutneÌ? diÌ?vaÌ? na kopec omasÌ?teÌ?neÌ? ryÌ?zÌ?e a prÌ?emyÌ?sÌ?liÌ?, zda je vhodneÌ? porci sporÌ?aÌ?dat, kdyzÌ? nedaleko praÌ?veÌ? spadla bomba a lideÌ? se holyÌ?ma rukama snazÌ?iÌ? vyhrabat zasypaneÌ? sousedy.
+
+Z toho nekoukaÌ? nic dobreÌ?ho. Skauti, tj. hledacÌ?i serioÌ?zniÌ?ch agentur, diÌ?vce odchyceneÌ? na ulici dajiÌ? jen vizitku a nijak zvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? se s niÌ? nevybavujiÌ?. 3. Je trÌ?eba si nasÌ?etrÌ?it.
+
+Dnes to vypadaÌ? tak, zÌ?e jednu trÌ?etinu peneÌ?z spolknou daneÌ?, jednu trÌ?etinu daÌ?vaÌ?m na charitu a tu posledniÌ? trÌ?etinu se snazÌ?iÌ?m investovat. Tedy ucÌ?iÌ?m se investovat. Jste s V aÌ?clavem Klausem prÌ?aÌ?teleÌ?? No, to se zro vna nedaÌ? rÌ?iÌ?ct.
+
+JaÌ? vuÌ?bec neveÌ?deÌ?la, co to je atletika, nikdy jsem nebyla na velkyÌ?m stadionu, jen u naÌ?s v JeniÌ?koveÌ? na prtÌ?avyÌ?m fotbalovyÌ?m hrÌ?isÌ?ti u sÌ?koly. Toho ucÌ?itele jsem pak celej zÌ?ivot hledala, ale nesetkali jsme se. SÌ?est tisiÌ?c za strÌ?iÌ?bro
+
+Stane se rezÌ?iseÌ?r Michalkov ruskyÌ?m prezidentem? Na kremelskeÌ? naÌ?dvorÌ?iÌ? vjiÌ?zÌ?diÌ? tryskem skupina jezdcuÌ?. V cÌ?ele muzÌ? na biÌ?leÌ?m koni s bohatyÌ?m plnovousem: car Alexandr III. vede druzÌ?inu do sveÌ?ho palaÌ?ce.
+
+VyucÌ?enou jemnou mechanicÌ?ku prÌ?estalo kdysi bavit "haÌ?kovat" od cÌ?tyrÌ? raÌ?no ve fabrice, tiÌ?m spiÌ?sÌ?, zÌ?e se chteÌ?la veÌ?novat svyÌ?m dveÌ?ma dcerkaÌ?m.
+
+JenzÌ?e ji to baviÌ?, tak co s niÌ? maÌ?m deÌ?lat, " rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? smiÌ?rÌ?eneÌ?. R o zhodneÌ? vsÌ?ak dohliÌ?zÌ?iÌ? na to, aby Monika nebyla prÌ?etiÌ?zÌ?enaÌ?.
+
+Co viÌ? pavouk o libidu? NejpravdeÌ?podobneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?m vysveÌ?tleniÌ?m, procÌ? samecÌ?ci dostaÌ?vajiÌ? od prÌ?iÌ?rody tak pestrou vyÌ?bavu, je vliv slasti. SamicÌ?ka daÌ? prÌ?ednost tomu samci, se kteryÌ?m "se jiÌ? to bude nejviÌ?c liÌ?bit".
+
+Se stronciem je to trochu jineÌ?. NejmeÌ?neÌ? se usazuje v ovsu. " Vladimirovy uÌ?daje se shodujiÌ? s vyÌ?sledky zkoumaÌ?niÌ? beÌ?loruskyÌ?ch veÌ?dcuÌ?. Podle naÌ?chylnosti kultury jsou vybiÌ?raÌ?na miÌ?sta, kde je peÌ?stovaÌ?na.
+
+Tak prosteÌ? sklaÌ?daÌ?m... " Jsi moje maÌ?ma, moje maÌ?ma, kterou maÌ?m nadevsÌ?e raÌ?d, jsi jak kouzelnaÌ? viÌ?la, co mi daÌ?vaÌ? chutÌ? se smaÌ?t... ZvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?pad mezi textarÌ?i je dvaadvacetiletyÌ? David SÌ?kach.
+
+Taky maÌ? probleÌ?m - s vodou. "Studny maÌ?m dveÌ?. Ale v jedneÌ? neniÌ? voda. A v teÌ? druheÌ?... PojdÌ?te se podiÌ?vat." O deset vterÌ?in pozdeÌ?ji uzÌ? vojaÌ?ci koukajiÌ? na shnilou kraÌ?vu ve studni.
+
+MusiÌ? viÌ?ce cÌ?i meÌ?neÌ? odolaÌ?vat tlakuÌ?m tradice s jejiÌ?mi dogmaty typu MaterÌ?stviÌ? - nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? a nejprÌ?irozeneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? poslaÌ?niÌ? zÌ?eny nebo DobraÌ? matka obeÌ?tuje diÌ?teÌ?ti vsÌ?echno. A taky TraÌ?vit s diÌ?teÌ?tem 24 hodin denneÌ? je prÌ?irozeneÌ? a ideaÌ?lniÌ? cÌ?i Egoismus a materÌ?stviÌ? jsou dva naprosto neslucÌ?itelneÌ? pojmy.
+
+Ale vsÌ?echno, takzÌ?e i sÌ?kola, je zalozÌ?eneÌ? na tom sebeveÌ?domiÌ?. CÌ?iÌ?m viÌ?c cÌ?loveÌ?k viÌ?, tiÌ?m viÌ?c se muÌ?zÌ?e ciÌ?tit sebeveÌ?domeÌ?. N ikdo vaÌ?s nikde nemuÌ?zÌ?e chytit. CÌ?iÌ?m viÌ?c informaciÌ? budu miÌ?t, o to jisteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? se budu ciÌ?tit v jinyÌ?ch oblastech.
+
+VsÌ?ichni jsou prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?eni, zÌ?e KasÌ?miÌ?r by meÌ?l byÌ?t prÌ?ipojen k PaÌ?kistaÌ?nu. MiÌ?stniÌ? plaÌ?tek The Frontier Post prÌ?irovnaÌ?vaÌ? kasÌ?miÌ?rskyÌ? konflikt k situaci v Kosovu prÌ?ed lonÌ?skyÌ?m exodem AlbaÌ?ncuÌ?.
+
+2. HraÌ?cÌ?ek 7 ; 3. Lesiege 7. 8 hraÌ?cÌ?uÌ? dosaÌ?hlo 6.5 bodu a dalsÌ?iÌ?ch 8 meÌ?lo 6 boduÌ?. HraÌ?cÌ?kovi se darÌ?ilo vyvracet souperÌ?uÌ?m Caro Kann, prÌ?iÌ?kladem muÌ?zÌ?e byÌ?t tato partie: HRAÌ?CÌ?EK - TUKMAKOV
+
+ChodiÌ?te na pivo se spolupracovniÌ?ky a podrÌ?iÌ?zenyÌ?mi? NeniÌ? tu zvykem, zÌ?e bychom vzÌ?dycky vyrazili hromadneÌ? v paÌ?tek do hospody na pivo, nebo jaÌ? se toho alesponÌ? neuÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?m, ale tu a tam s neÌ?kyÌ?m z televize na pivo zajdu.
+
+A azÌ? ji napiÌ?sÌ?u, prÌ?ejede meÌ? auto. RÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?te, zÌ?e slaÌ?va je pro vaÌ?s droga. Ano, obrazneÌ? rÌ?ecÌ?eno. KazÌ?dyÌ? z naÌ?s je ctizÌ?aÌ?dostivyÌ?, a kdyzÌ? maÌ? uÌ?speÌ?ch u lidiÌ?, tak si neumiÌ? prÌ?edstavit, zÌ?e by se svou profesiÌ? skoncÌ?il.
+
+VeselyÌ?, 31. SmoliÌ?k, 43. Elleder. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: BenesÌ?. VyloucÌ?eniÌ?: 4: 7. VyuzÌ?itiÌ?: 1: 0. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 950. TrÌ?etiny: 2: 1, 0: 3, 2: 1.
+
+Jsou vsÌ?ak i lideÌ?, kteryÌ?m kvuÌ?li neexistujiÌ?ciÌ?mu trhu s byty nezbylo nic jineÌ?ho, nezÌ? si nacÌ?erno pronajmout obecniÌ? byt. BrÌ?eclavsÌ?tiÌ? radniÌ? chteÌ?jiÌ? zvyÌ?hodnit v porÌ?adniÌ?ku lidi, kterÌ?iÌ? na takoveÌ? nelegaÌ?lniÌ? praktiky upozorniÌ? uÌ?rÌ?edniÌ?ky a dosveÌ?dcÌ?iÌ? to u soudu. Co si o tom mysliÌ?te?
+
+NemaÌ?m strach, zÌ?e bych to zapomneÌ?l. NaviÌ?c maÌ?m ve firmeÌ? schopneÌ? lidi a v podstateÌ? o vecÌ?erech a viÌ?kendech tam stejneÌ? traÌ?viÌ?m cÌ?as, " rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Otruba, pro neÌ?hozÌ? bylo prÌ?ekvapeniÌ?m, kdyzÌ? ho zastupiteleÌ? zvolili starostou.
+
+"Bylo tady po oba dva dny zhruba dvacet stupnÌ?uÌ? pod nulou. Ale do toho foukal silnyÌ? severniÌ? viÌ?tr, takzÌ?e teplota miÌ?stneÌ? klesla azÌ? na minus peÌ?tacÌ?tyrÌ?icet stupnÌ?uÌ? Celsia," liÌ?cÌ?iÌ? cÌ?len HorskeÌ? sluzÌ?by Radim Pavlica. Jeho slova potvrdil meteorolog z Ostravy - MosÌ?nova.
+
+Boleslav, 13.40 T. BenesÌ?ov - Bakov B, 15.00 T. BenesÌ?ov - Ml.
+
+KazÌ?dyÌ? tyÌ?den maÌ?me ligu a k tomu evropskyÌ? pohaÌ?r. " V utkaÌ?niÌ? s Laposem FrensÌ?taÌ?t ani na chviÌ?li nezavaÌ?hala, komu maÌ? drzÌ?et palce.
+
+Jf3 Da5 14. Jd4 Jxd4 15. Dxd4 0 - 0 16. Vab1 Vab8 17. h4 Vfc8 18. Df4 Dxc5 19. Vh3 Df8 20. Vg3 Dg7 21. De3 a6 22. h5 Se8 23. Vb4 Vc7 24. Vbg4 Kh7 25.
+
+NyniÌ? maÌ? uÌ?plneÌ? novyÌ? program, nevyraÌ?biÌ? teÌ?zÌ?keÌ? chemikaÌ?lie. Za minulostiÌ? firmy by se tedy meÌ?la udeÌ?lat tlustaÌ? cÌ?aÌ?ra? SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ?. VzÌ?dytÌ? za tou firmou jsou konkreÌ?tniÌ? lideÌ?. NeÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? z nich v teÌ? dobeÌ?, kdy meÌ?la firma velkeÌ? probleÌ?my, jesÌ?teÌ? nezÌ?ili.
+
+"Koncentrace sledovanyÌ?ch sÌ?kodlivin jsou v celyÌ?ch severniÌ?ch CÌ?echaÌ?ch pod svyÌ?mi limity," tvrdil vcÌ?era v poledne prognostik uÌ?steckeÌ?ho hydrometeorologickeÌ?ho uÌ?stavu David KraÌ?l. PrÌ?ekrocÌ?eniÌ? limituÌ? meteorologoveÌ? vcÌ?era raÌ?no zaznamenali jen na Chomutovsku, kde se koncentrace oxidu sirÌ?icÌ?iteÌ?ho prÌ?ibliÌ?zÌ?ily cÌ?tyrÌ?em stuÌ?m mikrogramuÌ? na krychlovyÌ? metr vzduchu.
+
+PrÌ?esto se najdou lideÌ?, co meÌ? kritizujiÌ?. " ZdeneÌ?k ZerzaÌ?nÌ? vsÌ?ak ostrÌ?e poprÌ?el jednu malicÌ?kost. TotizÌ? zÌ?e puÌ?vodneÌ? zamyÌ?sÌ?lel veÌ?novat sveÌ? sniÌ?mky pro publikaci zdarma, prÌ?estozÌ?e to potvrdil miÌ?stostarosta ZdeneÌ?k BrozÌ? a radniÌ? Miroslav Mitrofan.
+
+(82.) Unipetrol CÌ?R 0.4 Pozn.: - v zaÌ?vorce je lonÌ?skeÌ? miÌ?sto, - - firma nebyla v prvniÌ? stovce Pramen: Financial Times Soud zastavil likvidaci harvarduÌ? Praha - Likvidace harvardskeÌ?ho impeÌ?ria a vyÌ?kup akciiÌ?, na neÌ?jzÌ? cÌ?ekajiÌ? tisiÌ?ce lidiÌ?, se zastavily.
+
+Absolventi strÌ?edniÌ?ch sÌ?kol a novopecÌ?eniÌ? vysokosÌ?kolaÌ?ci staÌ?li u noveÌ?ho zrodu prosteÌ?jovskeÌ?ho tenisu. V roce 1922 dali impuls k postaveniÌ? novyÌ?ch kurtuÌ? a o rok pozdeÌ?ji uzÌ? na nich hraÌ?li prvniÌ? zaÌ?pasy.
+
+Jsou veÌ?rniÌ? ti, co by neveÌ?rnyÌ?mi tuze byÌ?t chteÌ?li, ale neÌ?jak se jim to nedarÌ?iÌ?? Je veÌ?rnost ctnostiÌ? vyhaslyÌ?ch asexuaÌ?luÌ?? NeniÌ? hrÌ?iÌ?chem verbaÌ?lniÌ? eskamoteÌ?rstviÌ? prostopaÌ?sÌ?nyÌ?ch celibaÌ?tniÌ?kuÌ??
+
+, 0, 2. Kristina SmigunovaÌ? (Est.) -30.4 , 3. TheurlovaÌ? (Rak.) -54.5 , 4. NilsenovaÌ? (Nor.) 1: 24.7, 5. RezcovovaÌ? (Rus.) -1: 34.6, 6.
+
+(ben, no) HaÌ?zenkaÌ?rÌ?i Lovosic se prÌ?edstaviÌ? ziÌ?tra dopoledne v extraligoveÌ?m utkaÌ?niÌ? na palubovce Kostelce. Po prÌ?estaÌ?vce takeÌ? pokracÌ?uje druhaÌ? liga haÌ?zeneÌ? muzÌ?uÌ? a Most ziÌ?tra vpodvecÌ?er nastoupiÌ? v TrÌ?eboni. (bek)
+
+KosÌ?iÌ?rÌ?e - Novou adresu maÌ? DeÌ?tskeÌ? divadelniÌ? studio, ktereÌ? po nedobrovolneÌ?m odchodu z Divadla Labyrint prozÌ?ilo neÌ?kolik meÌ?siÌ?cuÌ? v nejistoteÌ?. SaÌ?l ve SÌ?veÌ?dskeÌ? ulici na HrÌ?ebenkaÌ?ch dostalo do pronaÌ?jmu od paÌ?teÌ? meÌ?stskeÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti, kteraÌ? takeÌ? na jeho rekonstrukci prÌ?ispeÌ?la dveÌ?ma sty tisiÌ?ci korunami.
+
+TruhlaÌ?rÌ? tedy musel nejprve opatrneÌ? rozebrat vrchniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st skrÌ?iÌ?neÌ?, aby se dostal zevnitrÌ? k zaÌ?mku. " KdyzÌ? do skrÌ?iÌ?neÌ? proniklo sveÌ?tlo, ukaÌ?zaly se na jejiÌ?m dneÌ? stareÌ? knihy pokryteÌ? vrstvou prachu.
+
+HODKOVICE NAD MOHELKOU MEÌ?STSKEÌ? KINO: 6.3. SmrtonosnaÌ? zbranÌ? 4, americkaÌ? komedie (17.00) HRAÌ?DEK NAD NISOU MEÌ?STSKEÌ? KINO: 7.3. Pidilidi, britskaÌ? komedie (17.30 a 20.00) JABLONEC NAD NISOU KINO RADNICE: 6. a 7.3.
+
+"CeleÌ? meÌ?sto je nervozniÌ?, nikdo z naÌ?s netusÌ?iÌ?, kdo to mohl udeÌ?lat. ZavrazÌ?deÌ?nou diÌ?venku jsem leÌ?ta znala, asi doplatila na svou duÌ?veÌ?rÌ?ivost," rÌ?ekla se slzami v ocÌ?iÌ?ch dalsÌ?iÌ? z uÌ?cÌ?astnic pohrÌ?bu. Hladina rÌ?ek opeÌ?t stoupla, ale trend by se meÌ?l zmeÌ?nit
+
+DeÌ?cÌ?iÌ?n miÌ?rÌ?iÌ? na USK DeÌ?cÌ?iÌ?n - PrvoligoviÌ? basketbalisteÌ? DeÌ?cÌ?iÌ?na jedou k paÌ?teÌ?mu zaÌ?pasu skupiny A1 na prazÌ?skou Folimanku, kde od 17.30 nastoupiÌ? proti domaÌ?ciÌ?mu USK Praha. ChybeÌ?t jim bude krÌ?iÌ?delniÌ?k Janouch, otazniÌ?k visiÌ? i nad rozehraÌ?vacÌ?em BejcÌ?kem. NovaÌ?cÌ?ek chce dodrzÌ?et tradici
+
+JinyÌ? byÌ?valyÌ? pilot o rok starsÌ?iÌ? JindrÌ?ich NyÌ?vlt se jen smeÌ?je: "Zkazil to praotec CÌ?ech. MiÌ?sto na RÌ?iÌ?p meÌ?l vysÌ?plhat na Matterhorn."
+
+Orchestr chvaÌ?lyhodneÌ? doprovaÌ?zel skveÌ?lyÌ? vyÌ?kon soÌ?listky. PosledniÌ? skladbou vecÌ?era byla Eroica Ludviga van Beethovena. Dirigent Aldo Ceccato zvolil rychlejsÌ?iÌ? tempa, cozÌ? bylo sÌ?tÌ?astneÌ? rozhodnutiÌ? a velediÌ?lo vyzneÌ?lo v interpretaci StaÌ?tniÌ? filharmonie Brno sveÌ?zÌ?e, barviteÌ? a neotrÌ?ele.
+
+Kobeljovovi se po odrazu uvolnila lyzÌ?e a salta vzduchem skoncÌ?ila deÌ?sivyÌ?m paÌ?dem. ZaÌ?vodniÌ?k byl okamzÌ?iteÌ? dopraven na saniÌ?ch do ambulance a vrtulniÌ?kem do nemocnice v Lublani. Engeho vuÌ?z bude druhyÌ? na startu
+
+Prezident USA Bill Clinton se mezitiÌ?m ve zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ?m televizniÌ?m poselstviÌ? obraÌ?til prÌ?iÌ?mo na Srby, aby je ujistil, zÌ?e uÌ?toky nejsou namiÌ?rÌ?eny proti nim, ale proti vojskuÌ?m MilosÌ?evicÌ?e. "OdmiÌ?tl vesÌ?kereÌ? naÌ?vrhy," rÌ?ekl.
+
+StydiÌ?m se za to, co jsme si navolili, za politiky, kterÌ?iÌ? zavedli do zÌ?ivota nejasnou argumentaci a nejasnyÌ? naÌ?zor. Opatrnost, baÌ?zlivost, ale hlavneÌ? kompromis vzÌ?dy a v kazÌ?deÌ? situaci.
+
+"JasneÌ?, znaÌ?m. Fotbal maÌ?m moc raÌ?d," zamumlaÌ? teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? nesrozumitelneÌ? a nadsÌ?eneÌ? se zazubiÌ?. Dnes odpoledne pryÌ? urcÌ?iteÌ? na teplickeÌ?m stadionu nebude chybeÌ?t. Nahlas povzbuzovat nemuÌ?zÌ?e a ani to neuslysÌ?iÌ? od ostatniÌ?ch.
+
+Do praÌ?ce vstaÌ?vaÌ? zliÌ?nskyÌ? kominiÌ?k neÌ?kdy uzÌ? kolem trÌ?etiÌ? hodiny ranniÌ?. "NaprÌ?iÌ?klad v NavraÌ?tiloveÌ? paÌ?lenici ve ZliÌ?neÌ? musiÌ?m byÌ?t uzÌ? ve cÌ?tyrÌ?i hodiny raÌ?no, abych stihl vsÌ?echny vyÌ?vody kotluÌ? zkontrolovat, drÌ?iÌ?v nezÌ? se zacÌ?ne paÌ?lit," podotyÌ?kaÌ? cechmistr.
+
+CÌ?eskeÌ? a polskeÌ? deÌ?ti topily Morany teprve vcÌ?era, protozÌ?e prÌ?ed tyÌ?dnem, kdy se meÌ?la akce puÌ?vodneÌ? uskutecÌ?nit, prsÌ?elo. Starosta UÌ?valna ViÌ?teÌ?zslav OdlozÌ?iliÌ?k naviÌ?c kraÌ?tce prÌ?ed viÌ?taÌ?niÌ?m jara zjistil, zÌ?e nemaÌ? vyrÌ?iÌ?zena jesÌ?teÌ? vsÌ?echna povoleniÌ?. PolitickeÌ? sÌ?picÌ?ky regionu nemajiÌ? na zaÌ?sah NATO jednotnyÌ? naÌ?zor
+
+NaÌ?vrh sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch demokratuÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dali, aby dolniÌ? komora rozhodnutiÌ? kabinetu potvrdila, vsÌ?ak o sÌ?est hlasuÌ? neprosÌ?el.
+
+NejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? oblibeÌ? se teÌ?sÌ?iÌ? Malta, daÌ?le pak MadÌ?arsko a Polsko. JaponsÌ?tiÌ? leÌ?karÌ?i dokaÌ?zÌ?ou zjistit rakovinu pomociÌ? rozboru mocÌ?i Tokio - JaponsÌ?tiÌ? leÌ?karÌ?i jsou schopni diagnostikovat rakovinu pomociÌ? rozboru mocÌ?i, v niÌ?zÌ? se nachaÌ?ziÌ? v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? zhoubneÌ?ho bujeniÌ? v organismu urcÌ?ityÌ? druh aminokyselin.
+
+Chytat ale budu urcÌ?iteÌ? v LuhacÌ?oviciÌ?ch. Jsem raÌ?d, zÌ?e jsem letos dostal jako jeden z maÌ?la povoleniÌ? chytat praÌ?veÌ? tam. Moc se mi na LuhacÌ?ovicku liÌ?biÌ?. Mezi agenturami pro rozvoj regionu vzruÌ?staÌ? konkurence Vzruch prÌ?inesla konzultacÌ?niÌ? spolecÌ?nost Milana KrnaÌ?cÌ?e
+
+TRÌ?ANOVICE EVANGELICKYÌ? KOSTEL: TrÌ?anovickyÌ? dechovyÌ? orchestr (nedeÌ?le 16.00) VelikonocÌ?niÌ? koncert. TRÌ?INEC GALERIE HELGA: Stanislav HavliÌ?k (sobota) VyÌ?stava obrazuÌ?. KINO KOSMOS: TenkaÌ? cÌ?ervenaÌ? linie, USA (17.00, sobota, nedeÌ?le 20.00), MilovanaÌ?, USA (pondeÌ?liÌ? 20.00)
+
+KARLOVY VARY: CÌ?as: 5. 4.: KrÌ?izÌ?ovatka smrti, akcÌ?niÌ? komedie USA, 17 a 19.30 h, Dr. Dolittle, komedie USA, 14.30 h, 6. -8.
+
+Ani prÌ?ed nimi se nevyjadrÌ?uje skepse cÌ?i kritika k postojuÌ?m cÌ?eskeÌ? vlaÌ?dy a republiky? Bez komentaÌ?rÌ?e. MISS ' 99 Titul nejkraÌ?sneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? diÌ?vky CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky ziÌ?skala v sobotu na slavnostniÌ?m vecÌ?eru v karlovarskeÌ?m Grandhotelu Pupp devatenaÌ?ctiletaÌ? studentka Helena HoudovaÌ? z PlzneÌ? (na sniÌ?mku uprostrÌ?ed).
+
+Ten jizÌ? tradicÌ?neÌ? svyÌ?m oponentuÌ?m argumentoval zejmeÌ?na platnou legislativou, jezÌ? prÌ?esneÌ? ukladaÌ?, jak ziÌ?skaÌ?vat peniÌ?ze pro celookresniÌ? instituce, jako je okresniÌ? nemocnice, profesionaÌ?lniÌ? hasicÌ?skyÌ? sbor, okresniÌ? archiv, domovy duÌ?chodcuÌ? a podobneÌ?.
+
+NeÌ?co obcÌ?as plaÌ?cneme a pak naÌ?m to je liÌ?to. VzÌ?dytÌ? my vlastneÌ? maÌ?me utecÌ?ence moc raÌ?di, " rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? s dojetiÌ?m v hlase Jan SÌ?krhola z VysÌ?niÌ?ch Lhot.
+
+Sbor Svatopluk oslavil 105 let: PeÌ?veckeÌ? sdruzÌ?eniÌ? Svatopluk z UherskeÌ?ho HradisÌ?teÌ? oslavilo 105 let sveÌ? existence koncertem v kostele sv. FrantisÌ?ka XaverskeÌ?ho. Adra prÌ?edala pomoc uprchliÌ?kuÌ?m: ViÌ?ce nezÌ? dvacet tun pomoci prÌ?ivezli do uprchlickyÌ?ch taÌ?boruÌ? v CÌ?erneÌ? HorÌ?e a AlbaÌ?nii pracovniÌ?ci humanitaÌ?rniÌ? organizace Adra.
+
+PrÌ?ipravujeme dva projekty - rozvoj zameÌ?stnanosti a turistickeÌ?ho ruchu, " uvedl prÌ?edseda mikroregionu Blatensko a starosta RadomysÌ?le Miloslav Oberpfalzer. TedÌ? se naprÌ?iÌ?klad rozhodla spojit meÌ?sta VodnÌ?any a ProtiviÌ?n plus prÌ?ilehleÌ? obce, svuÌ?j mikroregion nazvaly Blanicko - OtavskyÌ?.
+
+LupicÌ?i nejprve prÌ?epadli loni v kveÌ?tnu posÌ?tu v HnojiciÌ?ch, v srpnu v MladeÌ?joviciÌ?ch a v zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? ve StrÌ?eliciÌ?ch, kdy spadla klec. SceÌ?naÌ?rÌ?e se podobaly jako vejce vejci: Jochec vtrhl na posÌ?tu s pistoliÌ? a vyhrozÌ?oval strÌ?elbou.
+
+CÌ?aÌ?st dolu je neprÌ?iÌ?stupnaÌ? azÌ? do doby, nezÌ? zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ? komise ukoncÌ?iÌ? vysÌ?etrÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? prÌ?esnyÌ?ch prÌ?iÌ?cÌ?in nesÌ?teÌ?stiÌ?. SlovensÌ?tiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lci zablokovali prÌ?echod: SlovensÌ?tiÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lci v paÌ?tek na puÌ?l hodiny zablokovali hranicÌ?niÌ? prÌ?echod na Slovensko v Mostech u Jablunkova. BlokaÌ?dou protestovali proti dovozu potravin. SÌ?lahouny obmeÌ?nÌ?ujiÌ? dramaturgii
+
+Tachov 22 6 3 13 28: 47 21 15. TaÌ?bor 22 3 7 12 16: 36 16 16. KraÌ?luÌ?v DvuÌ?r 22 3 4 15 25: 52 13 SKUPINA B SÌ?teÌ?tiÌ? - SK Kladno 2: 1 (0: 1), BeÌ?laÌ? p.
+
+Jak vysveÌ?tlil, nevystavil sveÌ? diÌ?lo pohromadeÌ?, protozÌ?e viÌ?c nezÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ?icet obrazuÌ? najednou nemuÌ?zÌ?e zÌ?aÌ?dnyÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?k vniÌ?mat.
+
+7. Chuchle 19 8 5 6 37: 34 29 8. Praga 19 7 5 7 25: 33 26 9. Lipence 19 7 4 8 38: 35 25 10. Tempo B 19 6 3 10 47: 58 21 11.
+
+Penny Market (cÌ?tvrtÌ? Drahovice) - jizÌ? v provozu HOPI (Drahovice) - stavba je prÌ?ed zahaÌ?jeniÌ?m Kaufland (Dvory) - dokoncÌ?eniÌ? v zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? Centrum VyÌ?chod (RybaÌ?rÌ?e - DolniÌ? KamennaÌ?) - stavba prÌ?ed zahaÌ?jeniÌ?m ObchodniÌ? strÌ?edisko (u stanice OÌ?MV) - vydaÌ?no stavebniÌ? povoleniÌ?
+
+PodobneÌ? prÌ?iÌ?klady se najdou i u stavebniÌ?kuÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? jsou na tom jesÌ?teÌ? huÌ?rÌ?e nezÌ? pruÌ?mysl. "V brÌ?eznu se vyplaÌ?cely cÌ?trnaÌ?cteÌ? platy v teÌ?ch zaÌ?vodech, ktereÌ? dosaÌ?hly dohodnuteÌ?ho zisku," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? odborovyÌ? prÌ?edaÌ?k ve VojenskyÌ?ch stavbaÌ?ch CZ Josef DousÌ?a.
+
+ZvlaÌ?sÌ?tÌ? ruskyÌ? trh byl totizÌ? spolecÌ?nostiÌ? povazÌ?ovaÌ?n za velmi perspektivniÌ?. "Jsem prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?en, zÌ?e nyniÌ? maÌ?me situaci pod kontrolou, takzÌ?e bychom letos mohli dosaÌ?hnout uspokojivyÌ?ch vyÌ?sledkuÌ?," rÌ?ekl Kristiansen. Dodal, zÌ?e firma by meÌ?la dosaÌ?hnout dominantniÌ?ho postaveniÌ? na trhu hracÌ?ek do roku 2005.
+
+PohodoveÌ? texty rozebiÌ?rajiÌ?ciÌ? beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? veÌ?ci, kde, kdy, kdo a procÌ?. Na nahraÌ?vce jsou ale i texty vtipneÌ?, o tom sveÌ?dcÌ?iÌ? piÌ?senÌ? James Blond. A co zaÌ?veÌ?rem? Album skupiny Healthy Blood je pro ty, kterÌ?iÌ? tuto skupinu znajiÌ?.
+
+GALERIE MEANDR: VzpomiÌ?nka na Milana Zezulu VyÌ?stava obrazuÌ?. GALERIE PATRO: MaÌ?jovyÌ? koktejl VyÌ?stava grafik, kreseb a obrazuÌ? z atelieÌ?ruÌ? cÌ?eskyÌ?ch vyÌ?tvarnyÌ?ch umeÌ?lcuÌ?. GALERIE STUDENT: Martin GabcÌ?an VyÌ?stava obrazuÌ?, soch a kreseb. KLUB CÌ?ERNYÌ? PAVOUK: Ivan VoseckyÌ? Kolekce vyÌ?tvarnyÌ?ch praciÌ?.
+
+HlavniÌ? akciÌ? podzimu bude SvatovaÌ?clavskyÌ? koncert, dar prezidentu republiky, kde s naÌ?mi vystoupiÌ? i soÌ?listeÌ? NaÌ?rodniÌ?ho divadla a rÌ?ada peÌ?veckyÌ?ch sboruÌ?, " rÌ?ekl Hanzal.
+
+PolicistuÌ?m se prÌ?i oslavaÌ?ch nepodarÌ?ilo zadrzÌ?et ani muzÌ?e, kteryÌ? se po hokejistech stal druhou nejveÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? atrakciÌ? shromaÌ?zÌ?deÌ?niÌ? na VyÌ?stavisÌ?ti, kdyzÌ? se svleÌ?kl na billboardu. PrÌ?ed policisty jej zachraÌ?nil dav lidiÌ?.
+
+Olomouc - Nejen novou deskou ChcesÌ? meÌ?? Chci teÌ?! oblazÌ?uje nyniÌ? MnÌ?aÌ?ga a ZÌ?dÌ?orp sveÌ? prÌ?iÌ?znivce. Na pulty knihkupectviÌ? miÌ?rÌ?iÌ? takeÌ? soubor textuÌ? z nakladatelstviÌ? MatÌ?a.
+
+ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ? (Od nasÌ?eho zvlaÌ?sÌ?tniÌ?ho zpravodaje) - Pro nejlepsÌ?iÌ?ho tenistu devadesaÌ?tyÌ?ch let zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? French Open mucÌ?iÌ?rnou. Peta Samprase, kteryÌ? vyhraÌ?l jedenaÌ?ct grandslamovyÌ?ch turnajuÌ?, jenom ne ten v ParÌ?iÌ?zÌ?i, maÌ?lem vyrÌ?adil uzÌ? v prvniÌ?m kole KostaricÌ?an Juan Antonio Marin.
+
+TRÌ?EBECHOVICE POD OREBEM TRÌ?EBECHOVICKEÌ? MUZEUM BETLEÌ?MUÌ?: IndiaÌ?ni preÌ?riiÌ? a velkyÌ?ch plaÌ?niÌ? VyÌ?stava veÌ?novanaÌ? indiaÌ?nuÌ?m. TURNOV MEÌ?STSKEÌ? DIVADLO: MUZEUM CÌ?ESKEÌ?HO RAÌ?JE: Trosky - kulturniÌ? deÌ?jiny a prÌ?iÌ?roda VyÌ?stava veÌ?novanaÌ? dominanteÌ? CÌ?eskeÌ?ho raÌ?je.
+
+Praha - Poslanci vcÌ?era razantneÌ? odmiÌ?tli naÌ?vrh kabinetu MilosÌ?e Zemana na zmeÌ?ny uÌ?stavy. Ty meÌ?ly vlaÌ?deÌ? umozÌ?nit prÌ?ijiÌ?mat narÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ?, kteraÌ? by meÌ?la stejnou platnost jako zaÌ?kony prÌ?ijateÌ? parlamentem.
+
+Xanthus uzÌ? ani nemaÌ? sÌ?anci se do jednaÌ?niÌ? o JesÌ?teÌ?d dostat, zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? vyÌ?beÌ?roveÌ? rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? totizÌ? uzÌ? soud nevypiÌ?sÌ?e, " miÌ?niÌ? spraÌ?vce konkurzniÌ? podstaty ViÌ?teÌ?zslav SÌ?vitorka, jezÌ? maÌ? nyniÌ? hotel v rukou. Se SÌ?vitorkou vsÌ?ak zaÌ?sadneÌ? nesouhlasiÌ? libereckyÌ? praÌ?vniÌ?k VladimiÌ?r KasÌ?par, kteryÌ? spolecÌ?nost Xanthus zastupuje.
+
+11. Lukavec 24 4 12 8 42: 46 24 12. Slavonice 24 7 3 14 45: 73 24 13. H. Cerekev 24 3 8 13 27: 55 17 14. PocÌ?aÌ?tky 24 4 3 17 28: 54 15
+
+LIBEREC
+
+20.00 ZtraceneÌ? civilizace: Tibet a konec jeho eÌ?ry 20.50 Album sveÌ?toveÌ? hudby 21.00 MagaziÌ?n zdraviÌ? 21.30 Noviny plus 21.50 PocÌ?asiÌ? 21.55 Sport II 22.00 TeÌ?ma - Klub otevrÌ?eneÌ? spolecÌ?nosti VTV 8.10 ZpravodajskyÌ? blok 8.45 Carsonovo praÌ?vo 9.30 Historie jedneÌ? laÌ?sky 10.10 TeenAge 11.10 Doba prÌ?iÌ?livu II 12.00 DvanaÌ?ctka
+
+ZaplatiÌ? se inzeraÌ?ty, hveÌ?zda rozdaÌ? rozhovory... To se ovsÌ?em obeÌ?tiÌ? typu Kavana nebo GreÌ?gra asi netyÌ?kaÌ?. AvsÌ?ak horliviÌ? kampanÌ?cÌ?iÌ?ci se obcÌ?as spaÌ?liÌ?.
+
+"Tento vyÌ?klad platiÌ? pro kazÌ?deÌ?ho obcÌ?ana s vyÌ?jimkou verÌ?ejneÌ?ho cÌ?initele. V jeho prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? pouzÌ?iÌ?vaÌ? zaÌ?kon prÌ?iÌ?sneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? tresty," uvedl soudce. RomoveÌ? odchaÌ?zejiÌ? kvuÌ?li uÌ?tlaku
+
+TedÌ? uzÌ? je zvlaÌ?dneme. HodneÌ? jsme se zdokonalili v uÌ?plneÌ? noveÌ? technice hraniÌ? na cello, kterou metal vyzÌ?aduje. A procÌ? jste zacÌ?ali praÌ?veÌ? s Metallikou? Metallica byla pro naÌ?s tehdy kapela cÌ?iÌ?slo jedna a poslouchali jsme ji kazÌ?dyÌ? den.
+
+Ehud Barak puÌ?sobiÌ? dojmem, zÌ?e obraciÌ? svou pozornost na SyÌ?rii cÌ?isteÌ? proto, zÌ?e dosazÌ?eniÌ? dohody je tam v zaÌ?sadeÌ? jednodusÌ?sÌ?iÌ? nezÌ?li rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? palestinskeÌ? otaÌ?zky.
+
+"Pak by urcÌ?iteÌ? mohla opeÌ?t vyvstat otaÌ?zka, zda jednosmeÌ?rku neotocÌ?it," rÌ?ekl starosta. LideÌ? v TrÌ?eboveÌ? se zbaviÌ? hluku
+
+V obci je kromeÌ? dochovanyÌ?ch horaÌ?ckyÌ?ch chalup i peÌ?knaÌ? barokniÌ? kaple z poloviny sedmnaÌ?cteÌ?ho stoletiÌ?. Z HamruÌ? jizÌ? smeÌ?rÌ?uje cesta ke sveÌ?mu ciÌ?li - na zÌ?eleznicÌ?niÌ? naÌ?drazÌ?iÌ? v Hlinsku.
+
+K. J. ObraÌ?til - Kryptadia (Paseka) 3. Jakub Deml - Jugo (Vetus Via) VysÌ?la kniha o obci NovyÌ? Hrozenkov
+
+22.20 PistolniÌ?ci - klasickyÌ? western USA 23.55 UdaÌ?losti CÌ?T 0.30 ZaÌ?veÌ?r vysiÌ?laÌ?niÌ? UmeÌ?lec Rostislav CÌ?urÌ?iÌ?k je hloubavyÌ?m alchymistou co deÌ?lajiÌ? U profesoruÌ? HinsÌ?ta a ZÌ?idlickeÌ?ho absolvoval Rostislav CÌ?urÌ?iÌ?k prÌ?ed osmnaÌ?cti lety fotografii na brneÌ?nskeÌ? SÌ?urÌ?ce.
+
+LeÌ?karÌ?i majiÌ? kvuÌ?li rekonstrukci nemocnice sveÌ? inspekcÌ?niÌ? pokoje vyÌ?jimecÌ?neÌ? v prÌ?ilehleÌ? ubytovneÌ?. ObvineÌ?niÌ? cizinci s tiÌ?m vsÌ?ak zrÌ?ejmeÌ? nepocÌ?iÌ?tali. "MeÌ?li spadeno na dva spaÌ?cÌ?e ze sousedniÌ?ho pokoje. Zprvu neveÌ?deÌ?li, zÌ?e je prÌ?ed nimi neÌ?kdo jinyÌ?," uvedla mluvcÌ?iÌ? rychnovskeÌ? policie Vlasta LepkovaÌ?.
+
+Lidem tak hned vnucujete, co si majiÌ? prÌ?edstavit, nedaÌ?te sÌ?anci jejich vlastniÌ? fantazii, " vysveÌ?tlil UhliÌ?k, kteryÌ? nepopiÌ?raÌ?, zÌ?e tiÌ?m chteÌ?l naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ky expozice trochu vyprovokovat. VyÌ?tvarniÌ?k sveÌ? keramickeÌ? objekty cÌ?asto kombinuje cÌ?i doplnÌ?uje kameny, kovem a drÌ?evem.
+
+"U teÌ?chto naÌ?rocÌ?nyÌ?ch a dlouhodobyÌ?ch oprav vsÌ?ak nerozhoduje ani tak pocÌ?et deÌ?lniÌ?kuÌ? jako spiÌ?sÌ?e jejich vybaveniÌ? moderniÌ?mi a vyÌ?konnyÌ?mi stroji, ktereÌ? prÌ?i praÌ?ci pouzÌ?ijiÌ?." Jedno je vsÌ?ak podle MarecÌ?ka jasneÌ? uzÌ? nyniÌ?.
+
+To znaÌ?m hlavneÌ? ze sveÌ? rodiny a od svyÌ?ch znaÌ?myÌ?ch. ZpraÌ?va dodaÌ?vaÌ?, zÌ?e praÌ?veÌ? systeÌ?m sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch daÌ?vek je pro mnoho RomuÌ? naprosto demotivujiÌ?ciÌ?. Pracovat se jim tedy jaksi nevyplatiÌ?... SysteÌ?m sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch daÌ?vek v CÌ?esku je jednoznacÌ?neÌ? demotivujiÌ?ciÌ?, to viÌ?me dlouho.
+
+V soukromeÌ?m sektoru zacÌ?iÌ?najiÌ? mzdy ve srovnatelneÌ?m postaveniÌ? v rozmeziÌ? od dvaceti do trÌ?iceti tisiÌ?c korun. Pokus o naÌ?pravu soucÌ?asneÌ?ho stavu zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? v CÌ?erniÌ?nskeÌ?m palaÌ?ci. "MaÌ?me oproti jinyÌ?m resortuÌ?m vyÌ?hodu, nebotÌ? u naÌ?s zameÌ?stnanci po cÌ?ase vyjiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?jiÌ? sluzÌ?ebneÌ? do zahranicÌ?iÌ?," vysveÌ?tluje KubernaÌ?t.
+
+V nich cÌ?asto duÌ?lezÌ?itou roli hraÌ?la praÌ?veÌ? hudba a duÌ?raz na naÌ?hodu nebo volnou interpretaci danyÌ?ch pravidel. Na tomto principu vznikaly kompozice Johna Cage, jehozÌ? zakladatelskeÌ? osobnosti patrÌ?iÌ? zacÌ?aÌ?tek vyÌ?stavy.
+
+16.00 Starty - Za vsÌ?echno muÌ?zÌ?e Bruno... 16.20 LeÌ?cÌ?eniÌ? v EvropeÌ? (ST) 16.45 Poklady sveÌ?ta - Serengeti (ST) 17.00 KliÌ?cÌ? (ST) 17.30 Alergie 17.35 Za vodou - australskaÌ? komedie 19.15 Euronews 20.00 ZÌ?ivot a hudba Bee Gees
+
+5.20 - PrÌ?ehled celostaÌ?tniÌ?ho tisku 5.30 - ZpraÌ?vy 5.40 - PocÌ?asiÌ? CÌ?HMUÌ? MosÌ?nov 5.50 - SportovniÌ? prÌ?ehled 6.00 - ZpraÌ?vy 6.10 - ZelenaÌ? vlna 6.20 - PrÌ?ehled celostaÌ?tniÌ?ho tisku 6.30 - ZpraÌ?vy 6.35 - PocÌ?asiÌ? CÌ?HMUÌ? MosÌ?nov 6.50 - ZelenaÌ? vlna 7.00 - OzveÌ?ny dne 7.25 - ZelenaÌ? vlna
+
+Do vyÌ?choziÌ?ho miÌ?sta 21 km dlouheÌ?ho vyÌ?letu do SecÌ?e je mozÌ?neÌ? dojet autobusem odjiÌ?zÌ?deÌ?jiÌ?ciÌ?m z Hradce KraÌ?loveÌ? v 8.05 a z Pardubic v 8.35 hodin. NaÌ?vrat je mozÌ?nyÌ? autobusem z TrhoveÌ? Kamenice v 16.25 nebo v 17.20 hodin. FavorizovaneÌ?mu Ulichovi zmeÌ?na zvicÌ?inskeÌ? trati sveÌ?dcÌ?ila
+
+Zdarma se otevrÌ?enou braÌ?ny hradu LandsÌ?tejn v sobotu do obeÌ?da, na zaÌ?mku TrÌ?ebonÌ? lideÌ? nezaplatiÌ? po oba dny za expozici schwarzenberskeÌ? lednice i vyÌ?stavu kveÌ?tuÌ? v galerii. Ze zaÌ?mku mohou naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?ci prÌ?ejet do SchwarzenberskeÌ? hrobky v DomaniÌ?neÌ?. PAMAÌ?TKY OTEVRÌ?OU I MEÌ?STA A SOUKROMIÌ? MAJITELEÌ?
+
+FC V raÌ?ji 0, 15. Preciosa 0, 16. CÌ?ertovi soustruzÌ?niÌ?ci 0. Jablonec prÌ?iviÌ?taÌ? Bohemians JablonecnadNisou - Po reprezentacÌ?niÌ? prÌ?estaÌ?vce se opeÌ?t roztaÌ?cÌ?iÌ? prvoligovyÌ? kolotocÌ?. Oponu 6. kola rozevrÌ?ou v dnesÌ?niÌ?m televizniÌ?m utkaÌ?niÌ? fotbalisteÌ? Jablonce nad Nisou, kterÌ?iÌ? hostiÌ? prazÌ?skeÌ? Bohemians.
+
+Tam se totizÌ? bude konat jizÌ? sÌ?estnaÌ?ctyÌ? rocÌ?niÌ?k PodjesÌ?teÌ?dskeÌ? vyÌ?stavy psuÌ?, kteryÌ? porÌ?aÌ?daÌ? Klub chovateluÌ? psuÌ? Liberec. CYKLISTEÌ? V CÌ?ESKEÌ?M RAÌ?JI OkruzÌ?niÌ? maraton CÌ?eskyÌ?m raÌ?jem, motorshow cÌ?i cross country jsou soucÌ?aÌ?stiÌ? viÌ?kendoveÌ?ho Bikre (r) festu, jenzÌ? se konaÌ? v SedmihorkaÌ?ch.
+
+MOST - MISTRÌ?I PAÌ?KY PivniÌ? slavnosti spojeneÌ? se souteÌ?zÌ?iÌ? v paÌ?ce a dalsÌ?iÌ?mi atrakcemi se konajiÌ? dnes a ziÌ?tra pod marketem Plus. LITOMEÌ?RÌ?ICE - JIÌ?ZDY NA PRKNEÌ?
+
+ChodiÌ? lideÌ? ruÌ?zneÌ?ho veÌ?ku i profesiÌ?, od studentuÌ? azÌ? po podnikatele, " vyliÌ?cÌ?ila vedouciÌ? souboru Alena BlaÌ?hovaÌ?. PorÌ?ady, ktereÌ? se vztahujiÌ? k TyÌ?dnu dusÌ?evniÌ?ho zdraviÌ?, pokracÌ?ujiÌ? v TaÌ?borÌ?e jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? tyÌ?den.
+
+Hokej musiÌ? divaÌ?ky v Kadani bavit. RychlyÌ?, duÌ?raznyÌ?, uÌ?tocÌ?nyÌ?. "Ale rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?me od zacÌ?aÌ?tku souteÌ?zÌ?e, zÌ?e uÌ?tocÌ?naÌ? faÌ?ze je lepsÌ?iÌ? nezÌ? obrana. MusiÌ?me hledat neÌ?jakeÌ? beky, kterÌ?iÌ? by dveÌ? chybeÌ?jiÌ?ciÌ? miÌ?sta vyplnili," rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? Chlustina.
+
+Z odruÌ?d reÌ?vy jsou tam zastoupeny teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? vsÌ?echny. StolniÌ? chrupkou pocÌ?iÌ?naje, prÌ?es ryzlinky a muÌ?llery azÌ? po musÌ?kaÌ?ty. "I kdyzÌ? vinice moc viÌ?na nedaÌ?vaÌ?, puÌ?sobiÌ? alesponÌ? esteticky a zusÌ?lechtÌ?uje okoliÌ?," miÌ?niÌ? starosta Troje OldrÌ?ich AdaÌ?mek.
+
+Troubky - NovyÌ? most prÌ?es BecÌ?vu zacÌ?iÌ?naÌ? vyruÌ?stat na silnici mezi Troubkami a TovacÌ?ovem. "NovyÌ? most narovnaÌ? silnici, a tak odstraniÌ? krizoveÌ? miÌ?sto, neprÌ?iÌ?jemnou zataÌ?cÌ?ku, kteraÌ? tam byla. NaviÌ?c bude most sÌ?irsÌ?iÌ?," rÌ?ekl Josef Vlk z tovacÌ?ovskeÌ?ho stavebniÌ?ho uÌ?rÌ?adu.
+
+NaviÌ?c leÌ?karÌ?i neradi slysÌ?iÌ?, kdyzÌ? jim pacient rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ?, zÌ?e majiÌ? vysÌ?etrÌ?it to cÌ?i ono, naprÌ?iÌ?klad cholesterol, " vypocÌ?etla hlavniÌ? duÌ?vody jedna z lonÌ?skyÌ?ch spokojenyÌ?ch naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vnic okresniÌ? hygienickeÌ? stanice Alexandra BaladovaÌ?.
+
+Po bourÌ?ce v kabineÌ? se v uÌ?vodu strÌ?edniÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti hry domaÌ?ciÌ? tyÌ?m zvedl. Na souperÌ?e vleÌ?tl a za minutu a puÌ?l bylo brankami Richtera a Noska srovnaÌ?no. " SÌ?koda, zÌ?e jsme pak Opavu nedorazili. MeÌ?li jsme daÌ?t i trÌ?etiÌ? goÌ?l a bylo by po starostech.
+
+MedÌ?aÌ?k 7 4 1 2 22: 10 9 5. Athletico 7 4 1 2 16: 8 9 6. Gremio 7 4 1 2 14: 6 9 7. Petrovice 6 3 0 3 16: 14 6 8.
+
+8. Harley 6 3 0 3 15: 17 6 9. La Koruna 6 2 0 4 16: 19 4 10. SeniorÌ?i B 6 1 0 5 8: 19 2 11. Hanka 6 1 0 5 5: 31 2 12.
+
+Proto mnoziÌ? praÌ?vniÌ?ci radiÌ? lidem, aby sveÌ? domy nedarovali. ProbleÌ?my s vlastnictviÌ?m domu nastanou totizÌ? tak jako tak a majitel by si meÌ?l prosteÌ? rÌ?iÌ?ci: "ProcÌ? se tiÌ?m maÌ?m traÌ?pit jaÌ?. AzÌ? tu nebudu, deÌ?lejte si s tiÌ?m, co chcete."
+
+DuÌ?vody odchodu vsÌ?ak odmiÌ?tl sdeÌ?lit. Podle neÌ?ho je uvede saÌ?m LaÌ?nskyÌ?, azÌ? se zhruba v polovineÌ? listopadu setkaÌ? s Havlem. Do teÌ? doby zaÌ?rovenÌ? zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ? LaÌ?nskyÌ? ve funkci.
+
+Ale ve ZliÌ?neÌ? jiÌ?m muÌ?zÌ?u byÌ?t hned. Dohodli jsme se, zÌ?e nastoupiÌ?m ke kraÌ?tkeÌ?mu filmu 15. cÌ?ervence 1946. BydleniÌ? sjednal FrantisÌ?ek SÌ?kapa ve vile u CekotuÌ?. Rodina se prÌ?esteÌ?hovala k rodicÌ?uÌ?m do FrensÌ?taÌ?tu, abych to meÌ?l domuÌ? bliÌ?zÌ?.
+
+(ne 19.00) Louny SVEÌ?T: Wild Wild West. WesternovaÌ? komedie. (so + ne 20.00), KraÌ?l a skrÌ?iÌ?tek. (ne 15.00) Most: KOSMOS - MAXI: Zasadil deÌ?deÌ?k rÌ?epu. PaÌ?smo pohaÌ?dek.
+
+KINO SVEÌ?T: ZamilovanyÌ? Shakespeare. (dnes 19.00) MEÌ?STSKEÌ? TYLOVO DIVADLO: BlaÌ?zinec v prvniÌ?m poschodiÌ? - Veselohra o dvou deÌ?jstviÌ?ch. OchotnickyÌ? spolek Tyl v KutneÌ? HorÌ?e. (dnes 19.30) J. ZÌ?aÌ?k, J. KarafiaÌ?t: ZlobivyÌ? broucÌ?ek Divadlo PrÌ?iÌ?bram.
+
+OdsteÌ?hovaÌ?niÌ? zbraniÌ? z ZÌ?izÌ?kova naÌ?meÌ?stiÌ?, JaÌ?nosÌ?iÌ?kovyÌ?ch kasaÌ?ren, z tereziaÌ?nskeÌ? zbrojnice - to byly vyÌ?razneÌ? zmeÌ?ny revoluce v tomto meÌ?steÌ?, "prÌ?ipomneÌ?l Josef JarÌ?ab. ..." Pan profesor Josef JarÌ?ab se v listopadovyÌ?ch dnech ukaÌ?zal jako zkusÌ?enyÌ? vysÌ?etrÌ?ovatel.
+
+HrÌ?isÌ?teÌ?, ktereÌ? IroveÌ? hostuÌ?m nabiÌ?dli, nebylo pryÌ? dost dobreÌ?. Ukrajina spoleÌ?haÌ? v utkaÌ?niÌ? se Slovinci na ofenzivniÌ? hveÌ?zdy SÌ?evcÌ?enka a Rebrova. HosteÌ? se oprÌ?ou o kanonyÌ?ra ZahovicÌ?e. TakeÌ? DaÌ?noveÌ? si v Izraeli zanadaÌ?vali na podmiÌ?nky pro prÌ?iÌ?pravu.
+
+CiÌ?l klopotneÌ?ho trmaÌ?ceniÌ?. CeleÌ?mu prostranstviÌ? veÌ?vodiÌ? gigantickeÌ? dzÌ?aju, "duÌ?m lidiÌ?", centrum vesÌ?kereÌ?ho zÌ?ivota vesnice. A nedaÌ?vno lapenyÌ? papousÌ?ek kakadu s prÌ?istrÌ?izÌ?enyÌ?mi krÌ?iÌ?dly, vykrÌ?ikujiÌ?ciÌ? sveÌ? nesÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? z dosÌ?koveÌ? strÌ?echy. S vyÌ?jimkou neÌ?kolika deÌ?tiÌ? se k naÌ?m kupodivu nikdo nehrne.
+
+VysÌ?etrÌ?ovateleÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? spolu s kriminalisty zatiÌ?m po lupicÌ?iÌ?ch marneÌ? paÌ?trajiÌ?, totizÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? porusÌ?eniÌ? prÌ?edpisuÌ? ochranneÌ? sluzÌ?by nezjistili. SÌ?eÌ?f prosteÌ?jovskyÌ?ch vysÌ?etrÌ?ovateluÌ? ZdeneÌ?k Riedinger uvedl, zÌ?e pracovniÌ?k ostrahy, kteryÌ? posÌ?tu hliÌ?dal, neudeÌ?lal zÌ?aÌ?dnou chybu.
+
+Lunetic: Nohama na zemi 2. TeÌ?zÌ?kej Pokondr: Vypuste krakena 3. Lenka FilipovaÌ?: Za vsÌ?echno muÌ?zÌ?e cÌ?as Tycho, OstruzÌ?nickaÌ? 3 1. David Bowie:... hours 2. Lucie BiÌ?laÌ?: UÌ?plneÌ? nahaÌ? 3. Tina Turner: Twenty four seven PRÌ?EROV
+
+ChaÌ?pete. TlousÌ?tÌ?ka je vsÌ?e! Pokud ovsÌ?em nemaÌ?te nadvaÌ?hu. Woody Allen: MuzÌ? mnoha tvaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? Je zosobneÌ?nyÌ?m nositelem vlastniÌ?ch aforismuÌ? - trÌ?eba tiÌ?m cÌ?loviÌ?cÌ?kem, co sice k smrti nenaÌ?vidiÌ? realitu, nicmeÌ?neÌ? si je veÌ?dom, zÌ?e jen v niÌ? se dostane k porÌ?aÌ?dneÌ?mu bifteku.
+
+SamozrÌ?ejmeÌ? po treÌ?ninku prohliÌ?zÌ?iÌ?me a osÌ?etrÌ?ujeme ruÌ?zneÌ? drobneÌ? sÌ?raÌ?my, "rÌ?iÌ?kaÌ? VaÌ?chal. PondeÌ?liÌ? je teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? celeÌ? vyhrazeno odpocÌ?inku, posledniÌ? prÌ?iÌ?prava je plaÌ?novaÌ?na na osmnaÌ?ctou hodinu." Ale zaÌ?lezÌ?iÌ? na tom, kdy bude chtiÌ?t treÌ?novat souperÌ?.
+
+GALAXIE 6.00 DobreÌ? raÌ?no 9.00 MTV magaziÌ?n 10.00 HveÌ?zdnyÌ? prach 10.35 OtaÌ?zky a odpoveÌ?di 11.35 Astromix 12.30 3x s... The Cardigans 12.45 Mozaika 13.00 Ottawa v. New Jersey, NHL 16.00 Historie miguÌ? 16.55 Do tajuÌ? divocÌ?iny s Toyotou 17.30 MTV magaziÌ?n 18.30 ZlateÌ? hity
+
+Praha - TotozÌ?nost muzÌ?e, kteryÌ? maÌ? pravdeÌ?podobneÌ? na sveÌ?domiÌ? cÌ?ervnovou vrazÌ?du taxikaÌ?rÌ?e z paÌ?teÌ?ho obvodu, odhalili nedaÌ?vno prazÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? kriminalisteÌ?. Je jiÌ?m dvaadvacetiletyÌ? Ukrajinec Jurij BogdanovicÌ? Melnik, po neÌ?mzÌ? vyhlaÌ?sili policisteÌ? celostaÌ?tniÌ? paÌ?traÌ?niÌ?.
+
+Za niÌ?m skoncÌ?ily vodniÌ? slalomaÌ?rÌ?ka SÌ?teÌ?paÌ?nka HilgertovaÌ? a beÌ?zÌ?kyneÌ? na lyzÌ?iÌ?ch KaterÌ?ina NeumannovaÌ?. AmateÌ?rskyÌ?mi golfisty roku se stali Martin Peterka a Petra KviÌ?dovaÌ?. Na mistrovstviÌ? Evropy druzÌ?stev budou hraÌ?t cÌ?eskeÌ? tenistky v dnesÌ?niÌ?m semifinaÌ?le od 14.30 s Polskem. PrvniÌ? semifinaÌ?le: SÌ?paneÌ?lsko ItaÌ?lie 2: 1.
+
+CHODBA, MINIGALERIE: VyÌ?stava praciÌ? deÌ?tiÌ? krouzÌ?ku palicÌ?kovaÌ?niÌ? z domu Spolku MetodeÌ?j. KLUB (CÌ?s. armaÌ?dy 1): SlameÌ?nyÌ? klobouk - premieÌ?ra komedie OsvobozeneÌ?ho divadla (So 19.00). VyÌ?stava deÌ?tskyÌ?ch praciÌ? vyÌ?tvarneÌ?ho a keramickeÌ?ho atelieÌ?ru.
+
+KINO: NepoliÌ?benaÌ?, USA (18.30) FRYÌ?DEK - MIÌ?STEK HUDEBNIÌ? KLUB STOUN: Klegoviny (so 20.00) RockoteÌ?ka Petra Klegy.
+
+18.00 Olymp 18.30 LigapasaÌ?zÌ? 19.30 Noviny STV, PocÌ?asiÌ? 19.52 Promluvy osobnostiÌ? 20.00 HedvaÌ?bnaÌ? cesta 20.50 Auto - moto revue 21.20 EKO daÌ?l 21.45 PortreÌ?ty 22.15 NestaÌ?rnouciÌ? melodie 22.45 UdaÌ?losti CÌ?T 23.10 Noviny STV 23.20 Studio Dialog VTV 8.00 EntenticÌ?ky, zaÌ?bavnaÌ? show pro deÌ?ti
+
+Jeden veteraÌ?n, kteryÌ? maÌ? za sebou neÌ?kolik balkaÌ?nskyÌ?ch misiÌ?, ano. DiÌ?ky ale od nikoho necÌ?ekaÌ?m. PrÌ?iÌ?snyÌ? sÌ?eÌ?f zuÌ?stane nakonec vzÌ?dycky saÌ?m. S tiÌ?m jsem se uzÌ? smiÌ?rÌ?il.
+
+Od 181 do 900 11 40 6.64 6.43 Od 901 do 6000110130 4.55 5.22 Nad 6000 - 160 - 5.17 Pramen: ministerstvo financiÌ? Erste proveÌ?rÌ?ila CÌ?eskou sporÌ?itelnu
+
+"HosteÌ? potrÌ?ebujiÌ? kazÌ?dyÌ? bod a urcÌ?iteÌ? to nebude tak jednoducheÌ? utkaÌ?niÌ? jako nasÌ?e posledniÌ? domaÌ?ciÌ? vystoupeniÌ? proti Chocni," varuje BaboraÌ?k. PrÌ?iÌ?bram propaÌ?sla sÌ?anci na finaÌ?le
+
+10. ZbabeÌ?lyÌ?ch A 11 3 1 7 14: 30 5 11. Guiness 11 2 1 8 12: 37 5 12. Rakev 11 0 0 11 6: 77 0 8. N liga, 11. kolo: Moko 2.
+
+NepovazÌ?ujete vsÌ?ak fakt, zÌ?e kandiduje pouze VaÌ?clav Klaus za doklad toho, zÌ?e ODS se bez neÌ?ho prakticky neobejde a zÌ?e platiÌ? ODS je Klaus? PrÌ?edseda je zdaleka nejvyÌ?znamneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?m politikem strany i urcÌ?ityÌ?m symbolem ODS. Ani zdaleka vsÌ?ak neplatiÌ?, zÌ?e ODS je Klaus.
+
+" Ani jsem nevideÌ?l, jak puk skoncÌ?il v siÌ?ti. ChteÌ?l jsem strÌ?iÌ?dat, v tu chviÌ?li Martin Filip vyvaÌ?zÌ?el puk a naznacÌ?il mi, abych jel s niÌ?m v tandemu. Pak mi prÌ?ihraÌ?l a jaÌ? strÌ?iÌ?lel.
+
+Informace o dluhu romskeÌ?ho aktivisty rozladila i vyÌ?konnou miÌ?stoprÌ?edsedkyni vlaÌ?dniÌ? meziresortniÌ? komise Ivu Pelarovou. "NeviÌ?m, co rÌ?iÌ?ct. Pana Stojku se chystaÌ?m odvolat. Ne kvuÌ?li dluhu, o ktereÌ?m jsem neveÌ?deÌ?la, ale proto, zÌ?e prosteÌ? celou dobu nic nedeÌ?lal," prohlaÌ?sila.
+
+PolskyÌ? fond naÌ?rodniÌ?ho majetku a staÌ?tniÌ? pojisÌ?tÌ?ovna PZU se totizÌ? hodlajiÌ? proti rozhodnutiÌ? cÌ?tvrtecÌ?niÌ? valneÌ? hromady Bank Handlowy odvolat k soudu kvuÌ?li zkraÌ?ceniÌ? svyÌ?ch hlasovaciÌ?ch praÌ?v.
+
+TURNOV DIVADEÌ?LKO v sutereÌ?nu StrÌ?elnice: 12.12. K. CÌ?avojskyÌ?: O zakleteÌ?m koniÌ?kovi, pohaÌ?dka (14.00 a 15.00) VRATISLAVICE KINO: 12.12. CÌ?ertovskeÌ? hromovaÌ?niÌ? - loutkoveÌ? prÌ?edstaveniÌ? divadla Z puÌ?dy (15.00) koncerty CÌ?ESKAÌ? LIÌ?PA
+
+"PouzÌ?itiÌ? lidiÌ? nedotcÌ?enyÌ?ch divadlem je mozÌ?naÌ? HavlovyÌ?m hraÌ?m blizÌ?sÌ?iÌ?. Cesta prÌ?es profesionaÌ?ly je cestou k tomu nejjednodusÌ?sÌ?iÌ?mu a nejmiÌ?rneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?mu herectviÌ?," sveÌ?rÌ?uje se Krob. MiÌ?niÌ?, zÌ?e v Havlovy hry vyzÌ?adujiÌ?, aby se rezÌ?ijniÌ? pojetiÌ? duÌ?sledneÌ? podrÌ?izovalo textu.
+
+PrÌ?ihlaÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? vyÌ?tvarniÌ?ci si takeÌ? sami urcÌ?ili diÌ?lo, s niÌ?mzÌ? se chteÌ?li uveÌ?st, " dodaÌ?vaÌ?. RozsaÌ?hlaÌ? vyÌ?stava nakonec zaplnila galerie na ose StareÌ? radnice a Divadla Husa na provaÌ?zku. Ve zdejsÌ?iÌ? divadelniÌ? galerii Foyer najdou zaÌ?jemci grafiku, o patro niÌ?zÌ? ozÌ?ivujiÌ? vyÌ?stavniÌ? katakomby zase sochy.
+
+PorÌ?adiÌ? v cÌ?ele: 1. Rangers 44, 2. Celtic 40, 3. Dundee 30. Girondins Bordeaux, mistra Francie, posiÌ?liÌ? Djordje TomicÌ? z Partizanu BeÌ?lehrad.
+
+11.30 MaugliÌ? 9 / 26 11.50 DobrodruzÌ?stviÌ? Edutanta a Francimora 2 / 3 13.00 Anton SÌ?pelec, ostrostrÌ?elec, komedie CÌ?R 1932 14.35 MattuÌ?v milion 15.10 Studio Kontakt 16.00 MaugliÌ? 10 / 26 16.25 Maxihra 17.00 Slunce v siÌ?ti 18.55 TakoviÌ? normaÌ?lniÌ? mimozemsÌ?tÌ?aneÌ? 19.30 Noviny STV, Sport
+
+18.30 SportovniÌ? zpraÌ?vy 19.30 JezdectviÌ?, cÌ? 21.00 MezinaÌ?rodniÌ? box 22.00 Fotbal - Liga mistruÌ? 1996/97, cÌ? 23.00 SP v beÌ?hu na lyzÌ?iÌ?ch, cÌ? 0.00 OlympijskeÌ? hry, cÌ? 1.00 Skoky na lyzÌ?iÌ?ch - TurneÌ? cÌ?tyrÌ? muÌ?stkuÌ?, cÌ? CÌ?eskyÌ? rozhlas Brno 107.1 MHz
+
+Ne, nasÌ?iÌ?m hlavniÌ?m uÌ?kolem bude vlastniÌ? zacÌ?lenÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? do NATO. Nejde pouze o to do Aliance vstoupit, to bude dlouhodobyÌ? proces. UveÌ?domte si, jak dlouho trvaÌ? SÌ?paneÌ?lsku, nezÌ? se uÌ?plneÌ? zacÌ?leniÌ? do struktur NATO, a jak dlouho uzÌ? je cÌ?lenem...
+
+MuÌ?zÌ?eme spekulovat, zÌ?e vrcholoviÌ? sportovci, kterÌ?iÌ? jsou ochotniÌ? riskovat zdraviÌ?, majiÌ? neÌ?jakyÌ? defekt v libostniÌ? strukturÌ?e zaÌ?vislosti na odmeÌ?neÌ?, a proto potrÌ?ebujiÌ? silneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? stimuly k dobreÌ?mu pocitu.
+
+- man - Divadlo DvakraÌ?t LouskaÌ?cÌ?ek VyÌ?chodocÌ?eskeÌ? divadlo v PardubiciÌ?ch a prazÌ?skeÌ? NaÌ?rodniÌ? divadlo uvedla jako posledniÌ? premieÌ?ry roku noveÌ? inscenace CÌ?ajkovskeÌ?ho baletu LouskaÌ?cÌ?ek.
+
+CÌ?eskeÌ? ministerstvo obrany jizÌ? dokoncÌ?ilo materiaÌ?l pro jednaÌ?niÌ? vlaÌ?dy, kteryÌ? stanoviÌ? kriteÌ?ria pro vyÌ?beÌ?r budouciÌ?ho dodavatele nadzvukovyÌ?ch letadel pro vojenskeÌ? piloty.
+
+NeocÌ?ekaÌ?vanyÌ? uÌ?speÌ?ch ZÌ?ivota na zaÌ?mku vsÌ?ak jednoznacÌ?neÌ? ukaÌ?zal, zÌ?e divaÌ?ckaÌ? poptaÌ?vka se i po letech staÌ?le obraciÌ? smeÌ?rem k dietlovskeÌ? tradici: saÌ?m autor seriaÌ?lu, scenaÌ?rista Jan MiÌ?ka, se k niÌ? otevrÌ?eneÌ? hlaÌ?siÌ?.
+
+NechaÌ?pu jeho duÌ?vody, ani ty politickeÌ?. A pokud jde o uÌ?dajneÌ? nezvlaÌ?dnutiÌ? situace v bruntaÌ?lskeÌ? nemocnici, prÌ?ipadaÌ? mi smeÌ?sÌ?neÌ? vzhledem k tomu, co se nyniÌ? deÌ?je na resortniÌ?m ministerstvu.
+
+Role zprostrÌ?edkovatele umozÌ?niÌ? MoskveÌ? vyvleÌ?ci se ze situace, kteraÌ? je i pro ni prÌ?inejmensÌ?iÌ?m nepohodlnaÌ?. JakeÌ? obrysy tedy muÌ?zÌ?e rÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? v Kosovu miÌ?t?
+
+Druhdy na narozeninaÌ?ch herecÌ?ky HolubcoveÌ? dokaÌ?zal zÌ?onglovat hned s osmi (sic!) taliÌ?rÌ?i a hraÌ?t prÌ?itom na foukaciÌ? harmoniku, "prohlasÌ?uje se svou typickou nadsaÌ?zkou, aby vzaÌ?peÌ?tiÌ? dodal:" KromeÌ? toho je velkorysyÌ?, chodiÌ? do praÌ?ce i v nedeÌ?li.
+
+BeÌ?lehrad sice autoritu mezinaÌ?rodniÌ?ho tribunaÌ?lu neuznaÌ?vaÌ?, faktem ale zuÌ?staÌ?vaÌ?, zÌ?e vznikl z rozhodnutiÌ? Rady bezpecÌ?nosti OSN.
+
+Do staÌ?rÌ?iÌ? to byl teÌ?lesneÌ? velmi kraÌ?snyÌ?, dusÌ?evneÌ? rozvinutyÌ? cÌ?loveÌ?k. SkoncÌ?il jako udrÌ?enyÌ? starÌ?iÌ?k.
+
+CÌ?eskaÌ? cesta k teÌ?to dekoraci, zdobit se doktoraÌ?tem smysÌ?lenyÌ?m, vsÌ?ak zpuÌ?sobuje, zÌ?e uÌ?smeÌ?vy tuhnou. NejnoveÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? spornyÌ? doktoraÌ?t je huÌ?rÌ? nezÌ? smysÌ?lenyÌ?.
+
+CÌ?as od cÌ?asu zaplniÌ? hledaÌ?niÌ? odpoveÌ?di na tuto otaÌ?zku prÌ?edniÌ? straÌ?nky britskyÌ?ch novin a uÌ?vahy na stejneÌ? teÌ?ma sprÌ?aÌ?dajiÌ? i komentaÌ?torÌ?i prestizÌ?niÌ?ch evropskyÌ?ch listuÌ?. PodobneÌ? je tomu v posledniÌ?ch tyÌ?dnech.
+
+VzÌ?dycky jsem meÌ?l neÌ?jakyÌ? hudebniÌ? naÌ?pad, a kdyzÌ? jsem potom psal text, tak se ten naÌ?pad zacÌ?al konkretizovat a spojovat se slovy.
+
+TedÌ? bych se spiÌ?sÌ? prÌ?iklaÌ?neÌ?l k tomu, zÌ?e se to serioÌ?zneÌ? deÌ?lat nedaÌ?. Ale je pravda, zÌ?e jsou rÌ?editeleÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? si dokaÌ?zÌ?iÌ? vytvorÌ?it tyÌ?m, na jehozÌ? cÌ?leny delegujiÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st svyÌ?ch povinnostiÌ?. "
+
+Ivan Medek: StaÌ?le to musiÌ? byÌ?t prezident 31 Ivan Medek (73) 32 Ivo MatheÌ? odmiÌ?taÌ? zadniÌ? vraÌ?tka LehkaÌ? priorita: UÌ?rÌ?ednicÌ?ina 32 Ivo MatheÌ? (47) 34 Vliv prezidentova okoliÌ? na vyÌ?kon jeho funkce 34 LubosÌ? DobrovskyÌ? tvrdiÌ?, zÌ?e pozici vedouciÌ?ho KPR stanoviÌ? zaÌ?kon
+
+82 Alois VocaÌ?sek JakozÌ?e je BuÌ?h nad niÌ?m Dopisy Periskop 10 Francie Pravice se ocitla v krizi 10 CÌ?eskaÌ? republika SporÌ?itelna se vraciÌ? ke svyÌ?m korÌ?enuÌ?m 10 VlaÌ?da versus CÌ?NB 11 USA Amerika byla ohromena 11 BraÌ?niÌ? se proti Microsoftu 11 SÌ?iÌ?leniÌ? strÌ?elci 11 CÌ?eskaÌ? republika RÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? Sevacu se odklaÌ?daÌ?
+
+11 BankovnictviÌ? ZviÌ?teÌ?ziÌ? NeÌ?mci, nebo BelgicÌ?aneÌ? 11 CÌ?eskaÌ? republika Becherovka zamiÌ?rÌ?iÌ? do sveÌ?ta 12 CÌ?eskaÌ? republika UzdraviÌ? se Unipetrol? 12 KraÌ?tce 12 Kanada - USA Chlapec zastrÌ?elil spoluzÌ?aÌ?ka 13 ZaÌ?pisniÌ?k Kosovo a praciÌ? praÌ?sÌ?ky 13 CÌ?eskaÌ? republika Hus sjednocujiÌ?ciÌ? KomentaÌ?rÌ?e 14 Historie je opeÌ?t sluzÌ?kou propagandy 14
+
+Rozhodli jsme se, zÌ?e spolu udeÌ?laÌ?me paÌ?r koncertuÌ? do roka. V rÌ?iÌ?jnu jich bylo asi deset, deset jich bude v listopadu, pak neÌ?co na jarÌ?e. PocÌ?iÌ?taÌ?m tak do padesaÌ?ti koncertuÌ? rocÌ?neÌ?. TiÌ?m paÌ?dem naÌ?s to bude bavit a bude to prÌ?iÌ?jemnyÌ?.
+
+Madlenka mu rozumiÌ? a smeÌ?je se.
+
+- HorÌ?kyÌ? pitiÌ? 10. HUDBA PRAHA - Na shledanou ALBUM ZAHRANICÌ?NIÌ? 1. U2 - Pop 2. DAVID BOWIE - Earthling 3. PRODIGY - The Fat Of The Land 4. RADIOHEAD - OK Computer 5. FAITH NO MORE - Album Of The Year 6.
+
+LED ZEPPELIN D ' yer Maker 13. DOORS Break On Trough 14. PINK FLOYD Learning Fly 15. SIMON & GARFUNKEL Sound Of Silence 16. BEATLES Yesterday 17. QUEEN Crazy Little Thing Called Love 18. BARRY WHITE Let The Music Play
+
+V roce 1973 vznikl jeho filmovyÌ? portreÌ?t s naÌ?zvem The Dreamer That Remains. O rok pozdeÌ?ji umrÌ?el v San Diegu. ZmiÌ?neÌ?nyÌ? 3CD komplet je vuÌ?bec prvniÌ? reediciÌ? jeho tak jako tak nedostupnyÌ?ch vinylovyÌ?ch nahraÌ?vek.
+
+NerÌ?ekl bych, zÌ?e by album zneÌ?lo zas tak odlisÌ?neÌ?, kdyby byl Sammy staÌ?le jesÌ?teÌ? cÌ?lenem skupiny, ale Garyho prÌ?iÌ?chod rozhodneÌ? ovlivnil rÌ?adu veÌ?ciÌ?.
+
+MyÌ?m prvniÌ?m naÌ?strojem byl akordeon, pak jsem hraÌ?l jazz na klaviÌ?r, tedÌ? cÌ?erpaÌ?m z tradicÌ?niÌ? hudby a hledaÌ?m cesty, jak si v niÌ? poradit s improvizaciÌ?.
+
+30. 1. D Smack U promotion uvaÌ?diÌ?: TraÌ?va - 33, Loutka, Liquid A 31. 1. SKATEBOARD & SOUND NIGHT vol. II BILLBOARD - LP 20. 12. 1997 1. GARTH BROOKS Sevens
+
+VII. RADIOHEAD No Surprises VELKAÌ? SEDMA RADIA 1 4. 12. 1997 1. HUDBA PRAHA Pal vocudÌ? 2. SKLEP KubleichaÌ?n 3. JABLKONÌ? PohybliveÌ? schody 4. THE PLASTIC PEOPLE OF THE UNIVERSE Bleskem do hlavy 5. PRIESSNITZ Delaze 6. DEEP SWEDEN Mad Cow
+
+UÌ?strÌ?edniÌ? rada SD - LSNS na sveÌ?m viÌ?kendoveÌ?m jednaÌ?niÌ? vyslovila duÌ?veÌ?ru J. Dienstbierovi. Ten se tak po sobotniÌ? rezignaci spoluprÌ?edsedy V. Bodenlose stal jedinyÌ?m muzÌ?em na nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m postu strany. Do funkce miÌ?stoprÌ?edsedy strany byl zvolen prÌ?edseda LeÌ?karÌ?skeÌ?ho odboroveÌ?ho klubu D. Rath.
+
+NeniÌ? ani jasneÌ?, procÌ? odhad CÌ?TK daÌ?vaÌ? maleÌ? nadeÌ?je starostovi Prahy 4 Z. Klausnerovi (ODS), kteryÌ? ve sveÌ?m obvodu vede nad D. BuresÌ?ovou (KDU - CÌ?SL) o 27.20 %.
+
+SouperÌ?eniÌ? byÌ?valyÌ?ch koleguÌ?
+
+DelegaÌ?t Petr SÌ?teÌ?paÌ?nek nabaÌ?dal stranu, aby rozkrocÌ?eniÌ? nechala sociaÌ?lniÌ?m de mokratuÌ?m a lidovcuÌ?m. ODS podle jeho naÌ?zoru potrÌ?ebuje srozumitelnyÌ? stoj spatnyÌ? a k osloveniÌ? volicÌ?uÌ? poctivost, slusÌ?nost a pracovitost. Jan Ruml velmi emotivneÌ? a kriticky hovorÌ?il o krizi duÌ?veÌ?ry ODS.
+
+Podpisy sbiÌ?raÌ? skupina na neÌ?kolika miÌ?stech CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky a akce potrvaÌ? azÌ? do konce ledna. HypotetickyÌ? prÌ?edpoklad
+
+PolitickaÌ? sceÌ?na
+
+Je mnoho duÌ?voduÌ? ke skepsi ohledneÌ? uzÌ?itecÌ?nosti deklarace. DomniÌ?vaÌ?te se, zÌ?e naÌ?m jejiÌ? prÌ?ijetiÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e pomoci alesponÌ? v tom, zÌ?e budeme moci zÌ?aÌ?dat viÌ?ce vstrÌ?iÌ?cnyÌ?ch krokuÌ? od NeÌ?mecka, co se tyÌ?cÌ?e podpory vstupu do NATO nebo obchodniÌ?ch vztahuÌ? s EU?
+
+SenaÌ?torÌ?i ODS vzbudili nelibost koalice
+
+KraÌ?tce PROSTEÌ?JOV - PrÌ?iÌ?padnou oficiaÌ?lniÌ? podporu kandidaturÌ?e VaÌ?clava Havla na prezidentskou funkci podminÌ?uje ODA tiÌ?m, zÌ?e senaÌ?torÌ?i ODS staÌ?hnou svuÌ?j naÌ?vrh, jiÌ?mzÌ? Havlovu kandidaturu iniciujiÌ?.
+
+Proti naÌ?vrhu vyslovit vlaÌ?deÌ? duÌ?veÌ?ru hlasovali poslanci KSCÌ?M, SPR - RSCÌ?, veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? cÌ?aÌ?st cÌ?lenuÌ? ODS a byÌ?valiÌ? poslanci za ODA Ivan MasÌ?ek a CÌ?estmiÌ?r Hofhanzl.
+
+Propad zatiÌ?m nedosahuje ani 1 % HDP, proto ho ekonomoveÌ? nevniÌ?majiÌ? jako nic tragickeÌ?ho s prÌ?ihleÌ?dnutiÌ?m k okolnostem, ktereÌ? k jeho vyÌ?sÌ?i prÌ?ispeÌ?ly. Za ty muÌ?zÌ?eme povazÌ?ovat nizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? ekonomickyÌ? ruÌ?st, povodneÌ?, pokles spotrÌ?eby a napjatou politickou situaci.
+
+VychaÌ?zejiÌ?c z principuÌ? SpolecÌ?neÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskeÌ? politiky EU vlaÌ?da zpracuje koncepci agraÌ?rniÌ? politiky smeÌ?rÌ?ujiÌ?ciÌ? ve svyÌ?ch ciÌ?lech prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m k: zabezpecÌ?eniÌ? potravinoveÌ? bezpecÌ?nosti z domaÌ?ciÌ?ch zdrojuÌ? ; vyrovnaÌ?niÌ? nerovnopraÌ?vneÌ?ho postaveniÌ? zemeÌ?deÌ?lskyÌ?ch prvovyÌ?robcuÌ? jako cenovyÌ?ch prÌ?iÌ?jemcuÌ? na trhu ;
+
+SociaÌ?lniÌ? pomociÌ? bude prostupovat zaÌ?sada vytvaÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? lidsky duÌ?stojnyÌ?ch zÌ?ivotniÌ?ch podmiÌ?nek prÌ?i pozitivniÌ?m principu svobodneÌ? volby sociaÌ?lniÌ?ch sluzÌ?eb vsÌ?em obcÌ?anuÌ?m, vcÌ?etneÌ? etnickyÌ?ch a ostatniÌ?ch mensÌ?in.
+
+PruÌ?meÌ?r starobniÌ?ho duÌ?chodu: 4170 Sk: 5567 KcÌ? Pavel MertliÌ?k a Ivan MiklosÌ? parafovali 6. 2. na jednaÌ?niÌ? v BratislaveÌ? dohodu o statutu komise pro deÌ?leniÌ? majetku po zaÌ?niku federace.
+
+Chartu podporÌ?ilo 60 ze 77 prÌ?iÌ?tomnyÌ?ch senaÌ?toruÌ?, proti bylo sedm senaÌ?toruÌ? ODS. Ve dnech 27. - 28. srpna se konaly doplnÌ?ovaciÌ? volby do SenaÌ?tu pro volebniÌ? obvod Praha 1.
+
+ZaÌ?veÌ?r dvoudeniÌ?ho setkaÌ?niÌ? patrÌ?il sÌ?ermiÌ?rÌ?uÌ?m. Vzhledem k pocÌ?asiÌ? nevzleÌ?tl baloÌ?n. I prÌ?esto lze rÌ?iÌ?ci, zÌ?e letohradskeÌ? slavnosti se vydarÌ?ily, a to diÌ?ky vsÌ?em organizaÌ?toruÌ?m a sponzoruÌ?m.
+
+Po kraÌ?tkeÌ?m programu naÌ?sledovalo pohosÌ?teÌ?niÌ?, ktereÌ? banicÌ?kaÌ?m prÌ?ipravili pecÌ?ovatelky. E. SyrovaÌ?tkovaÌ? foto Marta KrcÌ?aÌ?lovaÌ? STATISTIKA ZA ROK 1995 StatistickeÌ? uÌ?daje o evidenci obyvatel meÌ?sta Letohrad. V lonÌ?skeÌ?m roce se narodilo celkem 59 deÌ?tiÌ?, z toho bylo 29 chlapcuÌ? a 30 deÌ?vcÌ?at.
+
+NeÌ?kolik otaÌ?zek jsme beÌ?hem nataÌ?cÌ?eniÌ? polozÌ?ili producentovi celeÌ?ho cyklu AlesÌ?i Ulmovi. Kdy oba diÌ?ly, ktereÌ? jste v nasÌ?em okrese nataÌ?cÌ?eli uvidiÌ?me v televizi? DiÌ?l, kteryÌ? nataÌ?cÌ?iÌ?me v BoskoviciÌ?ch, by meÌ?li divaÌ?ci videÌ?t v nedeÌ?li 14. prosince.
+
+31.12. 1995 1288 2.53 31.12. 1996 1816 3.56 30.6. 1997 2018 4.16 30.9. 1997 2644 5.42 Tab. 2 31.12. 1993 31.12. 1994 31.12. 1996 30.6. 1997 Adast Adamov 2803 2715 2215 2230 Adast Blansko 520524482482 Adast Systems 516532478446
+
+Boskovice (JosÌ?) - Z aktivu vedouciÌ?ch, kteryÌ? se konal 12. zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? v Blansku vzesÌ?ly naÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ? skutecÌ?nosti, tyÌ?kajiÌ?ciÌ? se okresniÌ? souteÌ?zÌ?e ve stolniÌ?m tenise zÌ?aÌ?kuÌ?: - souteÌ?zÌ?e se zuÌ?cÌ?astniÌ? druzÌ?stva Boskovic, Blanska, VysocÌ?an, Adamova a Zbraslavce
+
+V tomto roce na jarÌ?e jsme vyzkousÌ?eli novyÌ? zpuÌ?sob svozu komunaÌ?lniÌ?ho odpadu formou pojiÌ?zdnyÌ?ch sbeÌ?rnyÌ?ch dvoruÌ?. Podle nasÌ?eho naÌ?zoru se tento systeÌ?m svozu osveÌ?dcÌ?il, a proto v neÌ?m budeme pokracÌ?ovat i na podzim a doufaÌ?me, zÌ?e i v prÌ?iÌ?sÌ?tiÌ?ch letech.
+
+VeÌ?rÌ?iÌ?me, zÌ?e obcÌ?aneÌ? nasÌ?eho meÌ?sta tuto akci plneÌ? podporÌ?iÌ?. ZAÌ?MECKEÌ? SKLEPY MeÌ?sto Letohrad nabiÌ?ziÌ? k pronaÌ?jmu prostory sklepuÌ? pod terasou zaÌ?mku cÌ?. p. 1 v LetohradeÌ?. JednaÌ? se o plochu cca 300 m 2 a k vyuzÌ?itiÌ? budou od meÌ?siÌ?ce listopadu 1997.
+
+OstatniÌ? vrchnostenskeÌ? dvory zuÌ?staly od teÌ?to choroby usÌ?etrÌ?eny. 3. V roce 1831 prÌ?ehnala se prÌ?es nasÌ?i cÌ?eskou vlast hroznaÌ? nemoc zvanaÌ? cholera, kteraÌ? ve vsÌ?ech zemiÌ?ch zpuÌ?sobila mezi lidmi hrozneÌ? ztraÌ?ty.
+
+uÌ?klidy po rÌ?emeslniÌ?ciÌ?ch, pravidelneÌ? uÌ?klidy domaÌ?cnostiÌ? i kancelaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? nabiÌ?ziÌ? FIRMA PROKOP. ObjednaÌ?vky na tel.: 602708028 nebo osobneÌ? OlomouckaÌ? 4 (HudebniÌ? naÌ?stroje RICHI), ProsteÌ?jov. NabiÌ?ziÌ?me provedeniÌ? vodoinstalateÌ?rskyÌ?ch a topenaÌ?rÌ?skyÌ?ch praciÌ? vcÌ?etneÌ? montaÌ?zÌ?e UÌ?T a rozvoduÌ? plynu, vyÌ?meÌ?ny kotluÌ? a bojleruÌ?.
+
+UÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nou v tom, zÌ?e se naÌ?m podarÌ?ilo udrzÌ?et I. ligu a tiÌ?m splnit vytyÌ?cÌ?enyÌ? ciÌ?l prÌ?ed sezonou. Nechci jmenoviteÌ? vyzdvihovat vyÌ?kony jednotlivyÌ?ch hraÌ?cÌ?uÌ?, protozÌ?e podeÌ?kovaÌ?niÌ? zaslouzÌ?iÌ? vsÌ?ichni, neÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? viÌ?ce, neÌ?kterÌ?iÌ? meÌ?neÌ?.
+
+SEZNAMKA pro okr. ProsteÌ?jov zasÌ?le diskreÌ?tneÌ? dotazniÌ?k, pisÌ?te: LAURA, PS 110, 753 01 Hranice, tel. 0642/20 35 23. Byty JH REALITY, real. kancelaÌ?rÌ? bytovaÌ? agentura vyÌ?meÌ?na, prodej, koupeÌ?, pronaÌ?jmy bytuÌ?. KancelaÌ?rÌ?:
+
+Ve strÌ?edu 12. uÌ?nora jsme na druheÌ? straneÌ? otiskli kraÌ?tkou noticku pod titulkem "KlidneÌ? zoral ciziÌ? pole". SÌ?lo o strucÌ?nou informaci poskytnutou nasÌ?emu listu tiskovyÌ?m mluvcÌ?iÌ?m Policie CÌ?R.
+
+10.55 Klub NetopyÌ?r 11.55 Ten cÌ?eskyÌ? grafik 12.10 MiÌ?t svuÌ?j kout - hudebneÌ? - zaÌ?bavnyÌ? porÌ?ad 13.15 Kdo je... Josef SÌ?afarÌ?iÌ?k 13.40 JanaÌ?cÌ?kuÌ?v maÌ?j ` 97 14.25 ZlatyÌ? drak 15.45 DeÌ?ti raÌ?je - francouzskyÌ? film 17.20 VelkaÌ? cena NeÌ?mecka 18.20 SportovniÌ? portreÌ?ty 18.35 Leonard Bernstein o hudbeÌ?
+
+MistrovstviÌ? CÌ?eskeÌ? republiky v atletice starsÌ?iÌ?ho zÌ?actva na draÌ?ze v TrÌ?ebiÌ?cÌ?i a dospeÌ?lyÌ?ch v TrÌ?inci se zuÌ?cÌ?astnili i cÌ?lenoveÌ? atletickeÌ?ho klubu SK ZÌ?elezaÌ?rny ProsteÌ?jov.
+
+Anna HUÌ?BLOVAÌ? z CÌ?elcÌ?ic. Kdo jste ji znali a meÌ?li raÌ?di, vzpomenÌ?te s naÌ?mi. Dcera DrahomiÌ?ra s rodinou. V paÌ?tek 25. cÌ?ervence tomu bude 14 let, kdy naÌ?s naÌ?hle ve veÌ?ku 50. let opustila nasÌ?e drahaÌ? dcera, maminka a babicÌ?ka, paniÌ?
+
+Dnes jsem prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?ena, zÌ?e vyÌ?poveÌ?dÌ? je duÌ?sledkem meÌ? uÌ?cÌ?asti na besedeÌ?. ZrÌ?ejmeÌ? jsem se stala pro neÌ?koho nepohodlnou. " Souvislost vyÌ?poveÌ?di s vystupovaÌ?niÌ?m paniÌ? Vladislavy proti meÌ?stu na besedeÌ? s obcÌ?any vedeniÌ? TechnickyÌ?ch sluzÌ?eb odmiÌ?taÌ?.
+
+SÌ?lo o saÌ?zku, ale kratsÌ?iÌ? vlasy pryÌ? tedÌ? viÌ?c "letiÌ?". ZÌ?eny chteÌ?jiÌ? vypadat jako filmoveÌ? hveÌ?zdy (viz policistka MakepeacovaÌ? cÌ?i Kelly z Beverly Hills), jineÌ? si naopak od kaderÌ?niÌ?ka Jirky MaleÌ?ho dajiÌ? poradit. Foto BoP
+
+Zn: DlouhodobaÌ? spolupraÌ?ce. Pivnice Na MaÌ?nesce prÌ?ijme cÌ?iÌ?sÌ?niÌ?ka nebo serviÌ?rku. NaÌ?stup mozÌ?nyÌ? ihned. Telefon: 34 17 09, 278 57, 0602 - 718744. MaÌ?te probleÌ?my s uplatneÌ?niÌ?m ve sveÌ? profesi? Hledejte prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itost u naÌ?s.
+
+- sm - Foto BoP UÌ?strÌ?edniÌ? sneÌ?m ODA Ve dnech dnech 3. a 4. rÌ?iÌ?jna se uskutecÌ?niÌ? v hotelu Tennis club v ProsteÌ?joveÌ? uÌ?strÌ?edniÌ? sneÌ?m ObcÌ?anskeÌ? demokratickeÌ? aliance.
+
+Ve 34. minuteÌ? se TrÌ?ebiÌ?cÌ?sÌ?tiÌ? radovali z goÌ?lu, ovsÌ?em hlavniÌ? sudiÌ? tuto branku nakonec odvolal, jelikozÌ? cÌ?aÌ?rovyÌ? RychlyÌ? jesÌ?teÌ? prÌ?edtiÌ?m hru prÌ?erusÌ?il! V zaÌ?veÌ?recÌ?neÌ? cÌ?aÌ?sti hry hosteÌ? prÌ?evzali iniciativu a my se baÌ?li o bod.
+
+37: 36 35 +8. Dub n. M. +9 +8 +9 30: 36 35 +9. HlubocÌ?ky 10 +4 12 32: 32 34 10. Hranice B +9 +6 11 35: 36 33 11. LipovaÌ? +7 11 +8 36: 38 32
+
+8.00 Walt Disney a jeho kouzelnyÌ? sveÌ?t 8.50 PrÌ?iÌ?beÌ?hy cÌ?erneÌ?ho hrÌ?ebce II - seriaÌ?l 9.15 Pod africkyÌ?m nebem - seriaÌ?l 9.40 SÌ?mouloveÌ? - kreslenyÌ? seriaÌ?l 10.10 Eso 11.10 Superman III - trÌ?etiÌ? rÌ?ada populaÌ?rniÌ?ho seriaÌ?lu 12.00 Stefanie - seriaÌ?l 13.00 7 cÌ?ili Sedm dniÌ?
+
+SrdecÌ?neÌ? VaÌ?s zveme do noveÌ? otevrÌ?eneÌ?ho KOSMETICKEÌ?HO SALONU Svatoplukova 60 ProsteÌ?jov Prac. doba: Po, UÌ?t, CÌ?t 8 - 19 St a PaÌ? 8 - 17 So dle prÌ?aÌ?niÌ? zaÌ?kaznic. V sobotu a nedeÌ?li obj. na tel. cÌ?iÌ?sle: 332796.
+
+7.15 SÌ?asÌ?ek EliaÌ?sÌ? 7.30 DobryÌ? vecÌ?er 8.10 Milagros - NekonecÌ?neÌ? obzory 8.55 Akta 97 9.10 SveÌ?t 97 9.25 DaÌ?mskaÌ? jiÌ?zda 10.35 CarusosÌ?ou 11.30 StraÌ?zÌ?ci vesmiÌ?ru 11.50 Cesty do divocÌ?iny 12.45 PolicejniÌ? okrsek Los Angeles 13.10 V zÌ?aÌ?ru noci - krimi seriaÌ?l 13.55 MeÌ?stecÌ?ko Evening Shade 14.20 SOS
+
+VanisÌ?, 44. TaÌ?borskyÌ?. VyloucÌ?eniÌ?: 6: 8, naviÌ?c SmoliÌ?k (PV) 10 minut za nesportovniÌ? chovaÌ?niÌ?. VyuzÌ?itiÌ?: 2: 3. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: Fiala - Valta, ChlumeckyÌ?. DivaÌ?kuÌ?: 3000.
+
+Jsem zÌ?ena strÌ?edniÌ?ho veÌ?ku, nekourÌ?iÌ?m, rekreacÌ?neÌ? sportuji, trÌ?icetikilometrovaÌ? tuÌ?ra v leÌ?teÌ?, cÌ?i v zimeÌ? na beÌ?zÌ?kaÌ?ch neniÌ? pro mne nic mimorÌ?aÌ?dneÌ?ho. V nasÌ?iÌ? sÌ?irokeÌ? rodineÌ? nemeÌ?l s rakovinou nikdo zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? probleÌ?my, natozÌ?, aby na ni zemrÌ?el.
+
+HledaÌ?m pronaÌ?jem bytu v PlumloveÌ? pro 2 osoby. Zn: Adresa v redakci. ProdaÌ?m slunnyÌ? dr. byt 1 + 1 s telefonem, v PV. NabiÌ?dneÌ?te. Telefon: 277 25.
+
+Tel.: 0602 - 505363, 9 - 12 hod. Chcete vydeÌ?laÌ?vat doma? NabiÌ?ziÌ?m hl. i vedl. cÌ?innost. Nejde o dealerstviÌ?. Tel.: 0508/36 05 82, po - paÌ? 9 - 12 hod., p. Kotek.
+
+" VyÌ?borneÌ? smecÌ?ovala ZapletalovaÌ? a dobrÌ?e jiÌ? sekundovaly i KumstaÌ?tovaÌ?, WichterlovaÌ? a JurkovaÌ?. DobrÌ?e se naÌ?m rozehraÌ?la nahraÌ?vacÌ?ka MeidlovaÌ? a jistotu v poli potvrdila L. BalunovaÌ?. K strÌ?iÌ?daÌ?niÌ? byly prÌ?ipraveny MojzÌ?iÌ?sÌ?ovaÌ?, M. BalunovaÌ? a KovaÌ?rÌ?ovaÌ?.
+
+MezinaÌ?rodniÌ? veletrh informacÌ?niÌ?ch technologiiÌ? Invex Computer v BrneÌ? otevrÌ?el braÌ?ny naÌ?vsÌ?teÌ?vniÌ?kuÌ?m jizÌ? posedmeÌ?. Od roku 1991 se zmeÌ?nil z takrÌ?ka regionaÌ?lniÌ? prÌ?ehliÌ?dky v akci uznaÌ?vanou na celeÌ?m sveÌ?teÌ?, na niÌ?zÌ? zaÌ?stupci prÌ?edniÌ?ch pocÌ?iÌ?tacÌ?ovyÌ?ch firem prÌ?edstavujiÌ? prÌ?evratneÌ? novinky z oblasti informacÌ?niÌ?ho a telekomunikacÌ?niÌ?ho pruÌ?myslu.
+
+Pokud nehodlaÌ?te cÌ?ekat na dobu, kdy se vaÌ?m podarÌ?iÌ? usÌ?etrÌ?it dostatecÌ?nyÌ? financÌ?niÌ? obnos na koupi noveÌ?ho automobilu, meÌ?jte prÌ?i porÌ?izovaÌ?niÌ? ojeteÌ?ho vozu vsÌ?echny smysly ve strÌ?ehu.
+
+RuÌ?zneÌ? ZÌ?ivaÌ? hudba - svatby, vecÌ?iÌ?rky, zaÌ?bavy. Tel.: 0634/330391. Fa - PAUL - KVIÌ?CÌ?ALA
+
+OsmiletaÌ? Petra ProchaÌ?zkovaÌ? vyhraÌ?la v katergorii D 1 v konkurenci 25 nejmladsÌ?iÌ?ch uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?kuÌ?, prvniÌ? miÌ?sto vybojovala i Renata CetkovskaÌ? v kategorii D 2, kteraÌ? za sebou nechala celkem 73 tanecÌ?niÌ?ky.
+
+Volili jsme samozrÌ?ejmeÌ? druhou alternativu, nebotÌ? si nedovedu prÌ?edstavit, jak by stromecÌ?ky nahaÌ?zeneÌ? na hromadeÌ? potom vypadaly. LideÌ? zatiÌ?m viÌ?ce nakupujiÌ? smrcÌ?ky, majiÌ? vyÌ?razneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? vuÌ?ni a jsou husteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?. Borovice zase vydrzÌ?iÌ? delsÌ?iÌ? dobu anizÌ? by jehlicÌ?iÌ? opadalo.
+
+RÌ?ecko 4490 KcÌ? Francie 3590 KcÌ? Alpy lyzÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? tyÌ?den 3100 KcÌ? Hochkar lyzÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? 450 KcÌ? Chorvatsko nabiÌ?ziÌ?me se slevou 10 % PracovniÌ? doba: PondeÌ?liÌ? a strÌ?eda 14.00 - 17.00 hod. B + B cestovniÌ? kancelaÌ?rÌ? ZÌ?eranovskaÌ? 38 796 01 ProsteÌ?jov.
+
+So 8 - 12 hod. ProdaÌ?m os. automobil Ford Escort 1.6 E CLX, r. v. 1994. Cena dohodou. Tel. 341385. ZNALECKEÌ? ODHADY ocenÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? motor. vozidel, strojuÌ? a zarÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ?, technologiiÌ? - oceneÌ?niÌ? pro danÌ?. uÌ?cÌ?ely
+
+VyÌ?stava je sezoÌ?nniÌ?ho charakteru a potrvaÌ? do 19. rÌ?iÌ?jna 1997. Muzeum VysÌ?kovska porÌ?aÌ?daÌ? vyÌ?stavu praciÌ? lidoveÌ?ho hrncÌ?iÌ?rÌ?e minuleÌ?ho stoletiÌ? s naÌ?zvem ZÌ?ERTIÌ?KY A SÌ?PRYÌ?MY ALBIÌ?NKA ZÌ?ITNEÌ?HO.
+
+T. HubaÌ?lovskyÌ?, 20. P. Habrda, 24. J. Kocourek (vsÌ?ichni KMG VysÌ?kov). ZÌ?eny: 1. MackovaÌ? (SG HuliÌ?n).
+
+Kdo nemuÌ?zÌ?e jet autem, tak je ztracenyÌ?. 3. Jsem nemocnyÌ?, takzÌ?e jsem lenosÌ?il. AlzÌ?beÌ?ta HarakalovaÌ?, 15 let, ukoncÌ?ila ZSÌ?, momentaÌ?lneÌ? hledaÌ? praÌ?ci 1. Je tu hezky. Jsou tu hezciÌ? kluci. Vesnice je upravenaÌ? a lidi jsou tu hodniÌ?.
+
+So 9. 5. ZavrÌ?eno - sanitaÌ?rniÌ? den Po 11. 5. 14.30 - 18.00 UÌ?t 12. 5. 12.00 - 20.00 St 13. 5. 12.30 - 14.30 CÌ?t 14. 5. 14.00 - 19.00 PaÌ? 15. 5. 14.00 - 21.00
+
+VsÌ?ichni uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?ci taÌ?bora byli rozdeÌ?leni do 7 - 10 cÌ?lennyÌ?ch skupin a vyslaÌ?ni na cestu. Museli straÌ?vit dvanaÌ?ct cÌ?i cÌ?tyrÌ?iadvacet hodin mimo taÌ?bor.
+
+15.05 "60" 16.05 Evropa a my 16.20 Golf a jeho slaÌ?va 17.15 CÌ?as zaÌ?zrakuÌ? 17.35 Alf IV 18.00 Country Express Praha - Nashville 18.40 HaloÌ?, haloÌ?! 19.15 Zrozeni sobeÌ? rovni 19.40 LapidaÌ?rium 20.00 CiziÌ? slovo POEZIE
+
+Jste podnikaviÌ?, chcete rozvinout a uplatnit sveÌ? osobniÌ? schopnosti - prÌ?iÌ?lezÌ?itost pro VaÌ?s. Inf. piÌ?. HarikovaÌ?, 0508/360642, 9 - 12 hod. PodnikaÌ?m a hledaÌ?m do noveÌ? soukromeÌ? kancelaÌ?rÌ?e v PV schopneÌ?ho kolegu/yni. Podrobnosti prÌ?i osobniÌ?m jednaÌ?niÌ?.
+
+KOPANAÌ? zimniÌ? turnaj (hrÌ?isÌ?teÌ? u miÌ?stniÌ?ho naÌ?drazÌ?iÌ?): od 8.30 Plumlov - LeRK (dorost), od 10.30 Dobromilice - Vrahovice, od 12.30 HanaÌ? - CÌ?echovice a od 14.30 LipovaÌ? - Konice.
+
+NABIÌ?DKA LEVNYÌ?CH KOBERCUÌ? ve 2. jakosti, v sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?kaÌ?ch 4 m, dovoz Belgie. LINA v sÌ?iÌ?rÌ?ce 2 m - nejnizÌ?sÌ?iÌ? ceny. Najdete naÌ?s v areaÌ?lu Pozemstavu, Za Plumlovskou uliciÌ?.
+
+RaÌ?d bych takeÌ? veÌ?deÌ?l, kam zmizely peniÌ?ze vybraneÌ? na tento uÌ?cÌ?el koncem 60. let. Nemalou cÌ?aÌ?stkou tehdy prÌ?ispeÌ?li prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m ti obcÌ?aneÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? za svuÌ?j verÌ?ejneÌ? projevenyÌ? vztah k Masarykovi v 50. letech kruteÌ? zaplatili.
+
+MeÌ?stskaÌ? rada v ProsteÌ?joveÌ? vyhlasÌ?uje zaÌ?meÌ?r na pronaÌ?jem cÌ?tyrÌ? objektuÌ? - dvou skleniÌ?kuÌ?, kolny a provozniÌ? budovy zahradnictviÌ? za BrneÌ?nskou uliciÌ? na dobu urcÌ?itou (od 1. 3. 1998 do 31. 10. 1998) Ivanu SÌ?aranovi, bytem ProsteÌ?jov, OlomouckaÌ? 38.
+
+5. SmrzÌ?ice 1 2 2 8: 9 5 6. Holice (dorost) 1 1 3 10: 13 4 7. PrÌ?erov (dorost) 1 1 3 4: 13 4 8.
+
+Tel. 0508/752 33. ProdaÌ?m 20 q kvalitniÌ?ho sena. Josef Synek, KrumsiÌ?n 147 (u hrÌ?isÌ?teÌ?). ProdaÌ?m dvojhrob na atraktivniÌ?m miÌ?steÌ? v ProsteÌ?joveÌ?. Zn: Adresa v redakci.
+
+18.10 V zÌ?aÌ?ru noci 19.00 DeniÌ?k 19.30 Sledge Hammer, policajt s r. o. 20.00 Cartouche - francouzskyÌ? film 21.55 HlubokyÌ? spaÌ?nek - americkyÌ? kriminaÌ?lniÌ? film 23.35 Vendeta 0.25 V zÌ?aÌ?ru noci PVTV - 43. kanaÌ?l 18.40 ProsteÌ?jovsko dnes 18.50 PozvaÌ?nky na viÌ?kend sobota
+
+V posledniÌ?ch dnech vyviÌ?jiÌ? MeÌ?stskyÌ? uÌ?rÌ?ad v ProsteÌ?joveÌ?, prÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m zaÌ?sluhou starosty Jana SÌ?verdiÌ?ka a miÌ?stostarosty Borise VystaveÌ?la snahu o vyÌ?razneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? vstup meÌ?sta do deÌ?niÌ? okolo prosteÌ?jovskeÌ?ho hokeje. V zaÌ?rÌ?iÌ? lonÌ?skeÌ?ho roku vstal diÌ?ky meÌ?stskeÌ?mu uÌ?rÌ?adu naÌ?sÌ? hokej z mrtvyÌ?ch.
+
+K tomuto nepopulaÌ?rniÌ?mu opatrÌ?eniÌ? naÌ?m rÌ?ekl vedouciÌ? marketingu a tiskovyÌ? mluvcÌ?iÌ? JM PlynaÌ?renskeÌ? Brno, RNDr. Stanislav PlachyÌ?: " Vedl naÌ?s k tomu zoufalyÌ? nedostatek financiÌ? pro investicÌ?niÌ? rozvoj, kteryÌ? vychaÌ?ziÌ? z deformovaneÌ? cenoveÌ? politiky a neposkytuje dostatek prostoru pro vytvaÌ?rÌ?eniÌ? financÌ?niÌ?ch zdrojuÌ?.
+
+23.10 DveÌ? z Niagara Falls 24.00 Scanners III 1.40 Gillette World Cup Prima - logo 8.05 Pod africkyÌ?m nebem 8.30 MalyÌ? upiÌ?rek 9.15 Hej rup! - cÌ?eskyÌ? film s Janem Werichem a JirÌ?iÌ?m Voskovcem 11.05 Popelky II 12.00 Star Trek - HlubokyÌ? vesmiÌ?r DeveÌ?t III 13.00 Sportkoktejl
+
+Sepsali seznam vsÌ?ech prÌ?iÌ?tomnyÌ?ch a prÌ?i dalsÌ?iÌ? uÌ?cÌ?asti v klapaÌ?niÌ? takeÌ? vedli evidenci. Po cÌ?tvrteÌ? hodineÌ? ranniÌ? jsme vyrazili prÌ?es obec se svyÌ?mi hrkacÌ?i v trojstupu a veliteleÌ? - paÌ?ni - dohliÌ?zÌ?eli na kaÌ?zenÌ?.
+
+NepodcenÌ?ovat uÌ?navu, pak stacÌ?iÌ? chvilka nepozornosti a nesÌ?teÌ?stiÌ? je hotovo. JaÌ? osobneÌ? prÌ?i prvniÌ?m pocitu uÌ?navy radeÌ?ji zastaviÌ?m, daÌ?m si kaÌ?vu a cigaretu, proveÌ?traÌ?m hlavu na cÌ?erstveÌ?m vzduchu. PrÌ?i veÌ?tsÌ?iÌ? uÌ?naveÌ? je dobreÌ? si chviÌ?li zdrÌ?iÌ?mnout.
+
+MeÌ?stskeÌ? kulturniÌ? strÌ?edisko VysÌ?kov porÌ?aÌ?daÌ? dne 18. dubna 1998 v 15 hodin regionaÌ?lniÌ? kolo PORTY 98. PrÌ?edstaviÌ? se viÌ?teÌ?zneÌ? skupiny a soÌ?listeÌ? z oblastniÌ?ch kol souteÌ?zÌ?e. KrÌ?es CD REGION COUNTRY - PORTA. Hrad HelfsÌ?tyÌ?n
+
+Besedy Na teÌ?ma LeÌ?cÌ?ebnaÌ? a preventivniÌ? rehabilitace prÌ?ednaÌ?sÌ?iÌ? MUDr. LibusÌ?e PlichtovaÌ? ve strÌ?edu 22. dubna v 16 hodin v prÌ?ednaÌ?sÌ?koveÌ?m saÌ?le ND. V raÌ?mci Akademie trÌ?etiÌ?ho veÌ?ku prÌ?ipravila ROSA.
+
+Tel. 603725770. ProdaÌ?m pozemek 700 m 2 v OndraticiÌ?ch, mozÌ?nost oploceniÌ? a stavby rekreacÌ?niÌ? chaty - za obciÌ?. Zn: Adresa v redakci. Pronajmeme garaÌ?zÌ? - E. BenesÌ?e 18/30, el., otop.
+
+5.00 KlekaÌ?nice 5.35 Okno k souseduÌ?m 6.00 Studio 6 8.30 Objektiv 9.05 Evropa a my 9.25 Hip, hap, hop 9.55 Jalna 10.40 Nota bene 11.20 Okna vesmiÌ?ru dokorÌ?aÌ?n 12.05 KdyzÌ? dva deÌ?lajiÌ? tamteÌ?zÌ? 12.30 Souvislosti 13.05 Kdyby ty muziky nebyly 13.45 Panoptikum meÌ?sta prazÌ?skeÌ?ho
+
+Tel. 603262980, 0508/386408. ProdaÌ?m VW Golf 3 Variant (kombi) 1.9 diesel, r. v. 11/1995, perfektniÌ? stav. Cena 250000 KcÌ?. Tel./zaÌ?znam. 0508/368575.
+
+Beseda nasÌ?la prÌ?emozÌ?itele FotbalisteÌ? restaurace Beseda sehraÌ?li na konci kveÌ?tna dveÌ? prÌ?aÌ?telskaÌ? utkaÌ?niÌ?. V paÌ?tek 22. kveÌ?tna bylo v MostkoviciÌ?ch na porÌ?adu beneficÌ?niÌ? strÌ?etnutiÌ? na pocÌ?est zemrÌ?eleÌ?ho Ladislava DolezÌ?ela, byÌ?valeÌ?ho fotbalisty Mostkovic a zaÌ?rovenÌ? i treneÌ?ra Besedy.
+
+S laÌ?skou vzpomiÌ?najiÌ? manzÌ?elka a syn JirÌ?iÌ? s rodinou. Dne 5. cÌ?ervence 1998 vzpomeneme 1. vyÌ?rocÌ?iÌ? uÌ?mrtiÌ? pana JindrÌ?icha PINÌ?OSE z BedihosÌ?teÌ?. StaÌ?le vzpomiÌ?najiÌ? manzÌ?elka a synoveÌ? s rodinami. Dne 2. cÌ?ervence 1998 tomu bude 5 let, co navzÌ?dy odesÌ?el pan
+
+40. Svatoplukova cÌ?. 18 41. prÌ?ekladisÌ?teÌ? za UrcÌ?ickou ul. 42. PrÌ?emyslovka cÌ?. 20 43. VrahovickaÌ? cÌ?. 4 44. Krapkova (domov duÌ?chodcuÌ?) 45. DolniÌ? cÌ?. 2 46. DolniÌ? cÌ?. 30 47. DolniÌ? cÌ?. 16
+
+RÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? jedneÌ? cÌ?istiÌ?rny v Kostelci s gravitacÌ?niÌ? kanalizaciÌ? se zdaÌ? provozneÌ? a ekonomicky nejvhodneÌ?jsÌ?iÌ?m. RÌ?esÌ?eniÌ? likvidace splasÌ?kovyÌ?ch vod by meÌ?lo byÌ?t rÌ?esÌ?eno v prÌ?edstihu, nanejvyÌ?sÌ? soucÌ?asneÌ? s budovaÌ?niÌ?m vodovodu v teÌ?to oblasti. "
+
+Kostel dostane novyÌ? krÌ?iÌ?zÌ? a postupneÌ? i novou, smetanoveÌ? biÌ?lou fasaÌ?du. Tato etapa rekonstrukcÌ?niÌ?ch praciÌ? si vyzÌ?aÌ?daÌ? naÌ?klady prÌ?es 600 tisiÌ?c korun. " ZdejsÌ?iÌ? lideÌ? majiÌ? ke kostelu vztah a na jeho opravu usporÌ?aÌ?dali sbiÌ?rku.
+
+V roce 1997 jsme dosaÌ?hli obratu 5103349 KcÌ? a do rozpocÌ?tu sÌ?kolstviÌ? se vraÌ?tila zpeÌ?t cÌ?aÌ?stka 1608118 korun. " Co povazÌ?ujete za nejduÌ?lezÌ?iteÌ?jsÌ?iÌ? pro vasÌ?i dalsÌ?iÌ? praÌ?ci?
+
+UÌ?cÌ?inkuje ZUSÌ? Plumlov. Sestra Angelica - Gianni Schicchi - 3. prosince v 19.00 hod., divadelniÌ? meÌ?stskeÌ?ho divadla v ProsteÌ?joveÌ?. DveÌ? jednoaktoveÌ? opery Giacoma Pucciniho. KONCERTY UcÌ?itelskyÌ? koncert - 26. listopadu v 18.00 hod., zaÌ?mek Konice.
+
+T. ViÌ?tek "DomaÌ?ciÌ? kutil a drÌ?evoplyn" PrÌ?edchoziÌ? cÌ?laÌ?nky byly zameÌ?rÌ?eny na topneÌ? systeÌ?my a vyuzÌ?itiÌ? tepelnyÌ?ch cÌ?erpadel v oblasti vytaÌ?peÌ?niÌ? nasÌ?ich rodinnyÌ?ch domkuÌ? a malyÌ?ch objektuÌ?. TeÌ?m, kteryÌ?m vysokeÌ? porÌ?izovaciÌ? naÌ?klady systeÌ?muÌ? tepelnyÌ?ch cÌ?erpadel vyrazily dech, je urcÌ?en zaÌ?veÌ?recÌ?nyÌ? diÌ?l o drÌ?evoplnyu.
+
+VaÌ?vrova zÌ?ena doma objevila VeÌ?rÌ?iny dopisy a poslala je PavliÌ?kovi. Vybuchla nacÌ?asovanaÌ? bomba. VyzrazeneÌ?mu vztahu uzÌ? nestaÌ?lo nic v cesteÌ?. Zanedlouho meÌ?li na VysÌ?ehradeÌ? svatbu. Oslavovat jeli ke ZlateÌ?mu tygru. Svatba znaÌ?meÌ? zpeÌ?vacÌ?ky a bubeniÌ?ka puÌ?sobila jako magnet.
+
+69. NaÌ?sÌ? prvniÌ? prezident 70. KuloviteÌ? teÌ?leso 71. Lamentovat 72. SÌ?achovaÌ? poraÌ?zÌ?ka 73. ZnacÌ?ka pneumatik 74. CÌ?aÌ?st jiÌ?cnu ptaÌ?kuÌ? 75. SPZ Sokolova 76. VzdusÌ?nyÌ? pohyb 77. RakouskeÌ? meÌ?sto i rÌ?eka 78. MuzÌ?skeÌ? jmeÌ?no 79. Tyrani 80. KocÌ?kovitaÌ? sÌ?elma
+
+Dovolala jsem se azÌ? z nemocnice. FrantisÌ?ek mi rÌ?ekl, zÌ?e jeho dcery odjely na hory, a zÌ?e straÌ?vil viÌ?kend s manzÌ?elkou. ZÌ?e k sobeÌ? zase nasÌ?li cestu. UÌ?nor: MyÌ?m chlapecÌ?kuÌ?m je prÌ?esneÌ? meÌ?siÌ?c.
+
+FOTO: VAÌ?CLAV HOLICÌ? ALZÌ?BEÌ?TA ODMIÌ?TAÌ? POUTA BritskaÌ? panovnice ALZÌ?BEÌ?TA II. (70) nemaÌ? velkyÌ? smysl pro bezpecÌ?nostniÌ? opatrÌ?eniÌ?. Propustila jednoho ze svyÌ?ch nejlepsÌ?iÌ?ch pilotuÌ?, protozÌ?e pryÌ? "kritizoval na verÌ?ejnosti cÌ?leny kraÌ?lovskeÌ? rodiny".
+
+"MiÌ?sto sedadel tam byla obrovskaÌ? postel a celyÌ? interieÌ?r byl honosneÌ? vyzdobenyÌ?," vzpomiÌ?naÌ? Kiki. PrÌ?i jednom letu se Ari s JackiiÌ? odebrali do sveÌ? vzdusÌ?neÌ? rezidence, kam omylem vstoupil steward. ZuÌ?stal jako prÌ?imrazenyÌ?.
+
+OBRÌ?IÌ? MEJDAN PETRA HANICÌ?INCE PETR HANICÌ?INEC slavil peÌ?tasÌ?edesaÌ?tiny ve Viole. PrÌ?isÌ?lo prÌ?es trÌ?i sta lidiÌ?. " A bylo to kraÌ?snyÌ?, poneÌ?vadzÌ? Morava udeÌ?lala jitrnice, udeÌ?lala sÌ?peky, no spousty dobrot tam bylo, a viÌ?necÌ?ko z Moravy...
+
+TakzÌ?e u ZiÌ?muÌ? slavili cÌ?tyrÌ?i svaÌ?tky najednou. Nebylo to ale pryÌ? nijak zvlaÌ?sÌ?t bujareÌ?, protozÌ?e otec ZiÌ?ma je strÌ?iÌ?dmyÌ? muzÌ? a nadto logoped a hned slavnyÌ? logoped, kteryÌ? pomohl mnoha lidem a deÌ?tem.
+
+POD CÌ?EPEC UZÌ? POSÌ?ESTEÌ? miÌ?rÌ?iÌ? moderaÌ?tor CNN Larry King, proslulyÌ? svou sbiÌ?rkou sÌ?liÌ? a motyÌ?lkuÌ?. OhlaÌ?sil zaÌ?snuby s country zpeÌ?vacÌ?kou Shown Southwickovou. VeÌ?kovyÌ? rozdiÌ?l mezi nimi cÌ?iniÌ? 27 let.
+
+Doma budete v klidu a bezpecÌ?iÌ?, ale muÌ?zÌ?ete se zacÌ?iÌ?t trochu nudit. VasÌ?i laÌ?sku ohroziÌ? zÌ?aÌ?rlivost a neduÌ?veÌ?ra! HliÌ?dejte sveÌ? pohledy a mysÌ?lenky, zejmeÌ?na v prÌ?iÌ?tomnosti sveÌ?ho proteÌ?jsÌ?ku. Jeho sÌ?estyÌ? smysl bude neomylnyÌ?!
+
+FOTO: KEYSTONE K NadjinyÌ?m hlavniÌ?m prÌ?ednostem patrÌ?iÌ? nohy - meÌ?rÌ?iÌ? 115 cm FOTO: CÌ?TK - AP diskety cÌ?. 33 (2x) a 459 (3x) na vyÌ?beÌ?r vyÌ?strÌ?izÌ?ek, autora neuvaÌ?deÌ?t ZaÌ?rÌ?iveÌ? modreÌ? ocÌ?i maÌ? Olaf i Nadja.
+
+Princezna DIANA (35) navsÌ?tiÌ?vila nedaÌ?vno znovu PaÌ?kistaÌ?n na pozvaÌ?niÌ? byÌ?valeÌ? hveÌ?zdy kriketu a dnesÌ?niÌ?ho politika Imrana Khana (43). Ve cÌ?tyrÌ?icetistupnÌ?oveÌ?m vedru ji na letisÌ?ti uviÌ?tala jeho zÌ?ena a Dianina prÌ?iÌ?telkyneÌ? Jemima KhanovaÌ? (26).
+
+AlesponÌ? si jejich jinost muÌ?zÌ?eme prÌ?edstavovat, jejich fantasknost tyto prÌ?edstavy podporuje. PohaÌ?dky jsou plneÌ? fantazie, a proto je maÌ?m raÌ?d. Mutanti mi nabiÌ?zejiÌ? takeÌ? prÌ?edstavu robotuÌ?, kterÌ?iÌ? se jako v CÌ?apkoveÌ? hrÌ?e R. U. R. stanou cÌ?loveÌ?kem.
+
+TWIGGY A SINATRA UTEKLI ODPADKOVOU SÌ?ACHTOU KDYZÌ? JE JIÌ? ZLE, CUCAÌ? SI PALEC V sedmasÌ?edesaÌ?teÌ?m se skoro kazÌ?daÌ? pubertaÌ?lniÌ? diÌ?vka chteÌ?la staÌ?t TWIGGY. KdyzÌ? v jednom z rozhovoruÌ? prozradila, zÌ?e nejviÌ?c cÌ?asu veÌ?nuje liÌ?cÌ?eniÌ? ocÌ?iÌ? (hodinu), upoutala prÌ?ed zrcadlo miliony tvaÌ?rÌ?iÌ?.
+
+Ty musely prÌ?ed nedobrovolnou smrtiÌ? podstoupit jesÌ?teÌ? rÌ?adu vynaleÌ?zavyÌ?ch mucÌ?eniÌ?. Po odhaleniÌ? ukrutnostiÌ? byla BaÌ?thoryovaÌ? bez soudu uveÌ?zneÌ?na na zaÌ?mku v CÌ?achticiÌ?ch.
+
+Zkr. pro registracÌ?niÌ? miÌ?sto 7. Oharek 8. DRUHYÌ? DIÌ?L TAJENKY 9. CÌ?loveÌ?k 10. Citoslovce vyÌ?zvy k tichu 11. AfrickeÌ? kraÌ?lovstviÌ? 12. CÌ?aÌ?sti vozuÌ? k rÌ?iÌ?zeniÌ? smeÌ?ru 13. VzorkovanaÌ? atlasovaÌ? tkanina 14. Spojka 15. ZameÌ?stnanec celniÌ? spraÌ?vy 16.
+
+(PouzÌ?iÌ?val pak pouze titul veÌ?vody z Windsoru.) Al Fayed obyÌ?val pouze jedno apartmaÌ? v nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ?m patrÌ?e, zbytek domu byl prÌ?iÌ?stupnyÌ? jako soukromeÌ? muzeum. TedÌ? byl duÌ?m uzavrÌ?en verÌ?ejnosti a inventaÌ?rÌ? bude prodaÌ?n.
+
+To je nÌ?aÌ?kyÌ? podnikaÌ?niÌ?? "KazÌ?deÌ?mu, kdo chteÌ?l mobil zvednout, ho ukopl." RadsÌ?i holit staryÌ? baÌ?by! " jecÌ?el, protozÌ?e je vyucÌ?enyÌ? kaderÌ?niÌ?k. KdyzÌ? ho prÌ?eprali, mobil uzÌ? nefungoval.
+
+Slovensky "stryÌ?cÌ?ek" 85. Provazy kovbojuÌ? 86. CestovniÌ? dokument 87. PivniÌ? vyÌ?cÌ?ep 88. Evropan ze severu 89. NasazeniÌ? rtuÌ? prÌ?i hrÌ?e na trubku 90. Nikoli 91. DrÌ?evarÌ?skyÌ? zaÌ?vod 92. Sleva z ceny 93. VlaÌ?dce v stareÌ?m EgypteÌ? 94.
+
+Henri Paul rychlostiÌ? 140 km v hodineÌ? vjiÌ?zÌ?diÌ? do tunelu a naraziÌ? do 13. sloupu.
+
+Revue Ein Kessel Buntes CÌ?asopis SveÌ?t socialismu TelevizniÌ? inscenace Rafani Festival politickeÌ? piÌ?sneÌ? v SokoloveÌ? HudebniÌ? skupina Plameny 6 osobnostiÌ?, ktereÌ? vaÌ?m mohou prÌ?ijiÌ?t posÌ?tou MARLENE DIETRICHOVAÌ? (herecÌ?ka - na obaÌ?lce z NeÌ?mecka) PETER SELLERS (herec - na dopisu z britskeÌ?ho ostrova Guernsey) POLA NEGRI
+
+38. DrÌ?eveÌ?naÌ? zaÌ?tka sudu 39. Citoslovce koleÌ?baÌ?niÌ? 40. SilneÌ? uÌ?dery 41. Jenom (naÌ?rÌ?ecÌ?iÌ?) 42. V tomto miÌ?steÌ? 43. PecÌ?ivo podeÌ?lneÌ?ho tvaru (pluraÌ?l) 44. Start letadla 45. RodinnyÌ? domek 46. IniciaÌ?ly baÌ?sniÌ?ka DivisÌ?e 47. TenisovaÌ? sada
+
+Podle rakouskeÌ?ho celniÌ?ho zaÌ?kona byl habsburskyÌ? arciveÌ?voda, kteryÌ? se vracel domuÌ? ze SÌ?vyÌ?carska, povinen dovoz cÌ?elenky nahlaÌ?sit, prÌ?estozÌ?e jde o rodinnyÌ? sÌ?perk. "ManzÌ?elka si chteÌ?la vziÌ?t sÌ?perk na jednu spolecÌ?enskou udaÌ?lost v LondyÌ?neÌ?," vysveÌ?tloval dodatecÌ?neÌ? arciveÌ?voda celniÌ?kuÌ?m.
+
+SÌ?perk je posaÌ?zen 26 smaragdy a 14 diamanty. Dnes maÌ? cenu jednoho milioÌ?nu dolaruÌ?. FOTO: CÌ?TK - Keystone UÌ?smeÌ?v za korunu I sÌ?karohliÌ?dy pryÌ? dokaÌ?zÌ?e prÌ?imeÌ?t k uÌ?smeÌ?vu KELLY WHARTONOVAÌ? (24). PraÌ?veÌ? za svuÌ?j uÌ?smeÌ?v nedaÌ?vno ziÌ?skala nejvysÌ?sÌ?iÌ? oceneÌ?niÌ? v celeÌ? BritaÌ?nii.
+
+Bohemians Praha: SÌ?imurka - Mlejnek - Jindra, LitosÌ?, VyÌ?ravskyÌ? - KocÌ?iÌ?, KlusaÌ?cÌ?ek, MyslivecÌ?ek (72. Neumann), KokosÌ?ka - MicÌ?inec, SanytrniÌ?k (57. Hamza). Cheb - B. Bystrica 2: 1 Branky: 34.
+
+13. CÌ?. BudeÌ?jovice18521118: 3712 14. ViÌ?tkovice18521121: 4112 15. Cheb18431118: 3811 16. Trnava18261010: 3710 VyÌ?kony nasÌ?ich reprezentantuÌ? jsou prÌ?iÌ?slibem prÌ?ed nadchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?m mistrovstviÌ? sveÌ?ta v letech na lyzÌ?iÌ?ch o nadchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?m viÌ?kendu v HarrachoveÌ? (20. - 22. brÌ?ezna). Sport
+
+PrÌ?edevsÌ?iÌ?m. "PovazÌ?ujete za nutneÌ? usilovat o majetek, acÌ?koliv v miÌ?steÌ? trÌ?eba neniÌ? sokolskaÌ? jednota?" Od teÌ?chto naÌ?rokuÌ? odstoupit nemuÌ?zÌ?eme, protozÌ?e to nasÌ?e praÌ?vo je daÌ?no zaÌ?konem, a nelze opustit tuto zaÌ?sadu.
+
+SobotniÌ? noc byla hroznaÌ?. To cÌ?loveÌ?k zacÌ?ne uvazÌ?ovat, jestli bude vuÌ?bec jesÌ?teÌ? neÌ?kdy schopnyÌ? vyhraÌ?t ten velkyÌ? metaÌ?l.
+
+AustralskaÌ? vlna V roce 1962 udeÌ?lal na parÌ?iÌ?zÌ?skeÌ? antuce prvniÌ? krok ke Grand Slamu Australan Rod Laver. NaÌ?sledujiÌ?ciÌ? sezoÌ?nu byl stejneÌ? uÌ?speÌ?sÌ?nyÌ? jeho krajan Roy Emerson, kteryÌ? naviÌ?c vyhraÌ?val s ruÌ?znyÌ?mi partnery cÌ?tyrÌ?hru v letech 1960 azÌ? 1965.
+
+15. SÌ?teÌ?tiÌ?30861634: 5322 16. Sl. Karl. Vary30661832: 6118 Divize C MeÌ?lniÌ?k - Sp. KoliÌ?n 2: 0, US Praha - KutnaÌ? Hora 1: 1, Vys.
+
+PolocÌ?as: 31: 36. NeÌ?mecko - CÌ?SFR 90: 74 O vyÌ?sledku rozhodla skutecÌ?nost, zÌ?e nenastoupil OkaÌ?cÌ?, kteryÌ? se v sobotu zranil a vyfaulovali se postupneÌ? vsÌ?ichni trÌ?i zbyÌ?vajiÌ?ciÌ? pivoti BecÌ?ka, MatickyÌ? a KrejcÌ?iÌ?.
+
+Tahle discipliÌ?na plnaÌ? osobniÌ?ho hrdinstviÌ?, ale i sportovniÌ?ch trageÌ?diiÌ? zdvihala divaÌ?ky na velodromu D ' Horta ze sedadel. TreneÌ?r Martin Penc to prÌ?ed zaÌ?vodem nemohl vydrzÌ?et a prÌ?iznal, zÌ?e jeho sveÌ?rÌ?enec klidneÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e vyhraÌ?t. ProcÌ??
+
+" OsveÌ?tleniÌ? v Manhattanu neniÌ? na nejlepsÌ?iÌ? uÌ?rovni.
+
+"UrcÌ?iteÌ? v Dynamu. V MoskveÌ? naÌ?m daÌ?vali za zaÌ?pas 100 rubluÌ?, za povyÌ?sÌ?eniÌ? vojenskeÌ? hodnosti se meÌ?siÌ?cÌ?niÌ? plat zvedl o dalsÌ?iÌ?ch 100 rubluÌ?, ale v KyjeveÌ? meÌ?li hraÌ?cÌ?i vedle rubluÌ? i dolary. To uzÌ? je vstup do jineÌ?ho sveÌ?ta."
+
+UzÌ? za paÌ?r dniÌ? se roztocÌ?iÌ? novyÌ? rocÌ?niÌ?k rulety zvaneÌ? SveÌ?tovyÌ? pohaÌ?r sjezdarÌ?uÌ?. MuzÌ?i zacÌ?iÌ?najiÌ? 28. v Sestriere a na startu by nemeÌ?l chybeÌ?t ani neÌ?meckyÌ? slalomaÌ?rÌ? Armin Bittner.
+
+ItalskeÌ? fotbaloveÌ? kluby mohou v kazÌ?deÌ?m utkaÌ?niÌ? vyslat na hraciÌ? plochu po trÌ?ech cizinciÌ?ch. OvsÌ?em pocÌ?et legionaÌ?rÌ?uÌ? na soupisce neniÌ? nijak omezen. VyplyÌ?vaÌ? to z kompromisniÌ? dohody mezi klubovyÌ?mi sÌ?eÌ?fy a asociaciÌ?.
+
+VsÌ?ichni leÌ?karÌ?i a horolezci byli prÌ?esveÌ?dcÌ?eni, zÌ?e Everest se tak zdolat nedaÌ?. JaÌ? ale veÌ?deÌ?l, zÌ?e alpskyÌ? styl mohu pouzÌ?iÌ?t jen bez kysliÌ?ku. "Messner s RakusÌ?anem Habelerem to dokaÌ?zali." Padlo jedno z posledniÌ?ch horolezeckyÌ?ch tabu.
+
+(rÌ?ej) AnglickyÌ? vzor RÌ?ekuÌ? RÌ?eckyÌ? ligovyÌ? fotbal prÌ?istoupil od teÌ?to sezoÌ?ny k podstatneÌ? zmeÌ?neÌ?. Podle anglickeÌ?ho vzoru viÌ?teÌ?z ligoveÌ?ho zaÌ?pasu maÌ? nyniÌ? trÌ?i body, v prÌ?iÌ?padeÌ? remiÌ?zy kazÌ?dyÌ? z tyÌ?muÌ? po bodu.
+
+ZtraceneÌ? utkaÌ?niÌ? nelze svaÌ?deÌ?t jen na obraÌ?nce, ti ve cÌ?tyrÌ?ech - v peÌ?ti sehraÌ?li okolo dvaceti zaÌ?pasuÌ?. NaÌ?sÌ? mladyÌ? brankaÌ?rÌ? Miklenda maÌ? oproti kosÌ?ickeÌ?mu Draganovi minimum zkusÌ?enostiÌ?, a tak se dalo prÌ?edpoklaÌ?dat, jak trestnaÌ? strÌ?iÌ?leniÌ? dopadnou. PrÌ?esto nasÌ?im hraÌ?cÌ?uÌ?m deÌ?kuji za bojovnost. "
+
+Capirossiho stiÌ?hacÌ?ka KdyzÌ? v sedmeÌ?m kole zaÌ?vodu dveÌ?steÌ?padesaÌ?tek vzdal Francouz Ruggia, zuÌ?stala v cÌ?ele peÌ?tice, v niÌ?zÌ? prÌ?ekvapiveÌ? byl SÌ?paneÌ?l Puig a chybeÌ?l Japonec Harada.
+
+NEPA Brno - Morcan Brno 45: 81 (17: 39), SÌ?ormovaÌ? 10 - DocÌ?kalovaÌ? 22.
+
+Ani domaÌ?ciÌ? nejsou bez probleÌ?muÌ?. UÌ?tocÌ?niÌ?k Kluivert je v trestu, Nigerijec Finidi, Blind a Reiziger se potyÌ?kajiÌ? se svalovyÌ?mi zraneÌ?niÌ?mi, Overmars a Brazilec Marcio Santos jsou dlouhodobeÌ? mimo hru a Fin Litmanen se po bolestech zad teprve rozehraÌ?vaÌ?.
+
+Goodman), Nottingham Forest - Liverpool 1: 0 (42. Stone), West Ham - Manchester City 4: 2 (21. a 54. Dowie, 83. Dicks, 84. Dani - 76. a 89.
+
+New Jersey 37 12 33215: 202867. N. Y. Islanders 22 10 50229: 315 54 ZaÌ?padniÌ? konference CentraÌ?lniÌ? divize 1. Detroit 62 7 13325: 181131 2. Chicago 40 14 28273: 220 94 3.
+
+OlympijskyÌ? viÌ?teÌ?z Rosset naviÌ?c na rozdiÌ?l od Karbachera (cÌ?tvrtfinaÌ?le US Open 1994) jesÌ?teÌ? nikdy na Grand Slamu mezi posledniÌ?mi osmi nezuÌ?stal.
+
+Berzin (Rus.). Kolem KatalaÌ?nie - 7. etapa: 1. WuÌ?st (NeÌ?m.), 2. Edo (SÌ?p.), 3. van Petegem (Niz.). KonecÌ?neÌ?porÌ?adiÌ?: 1. ZuÌ?lle (SÌ?vyÌ?c.), 2.
+
+Bylo mi moc liÌ?to NeÌ?mce Hechta, kteryÌ? skoncÌ?il na cÌ?tvrteÌ?m miÌ?steÌ?. MeÌ?l velkou formu, psychicky na tom byl dobrÌ?e, ale zlomilo ho, kdyzÌ? jej Fin RaÌ?ty posledniÌ?m pokusem odsunul z medailoveÌ?ho umiÌ?steÌ?niÌ?.
+
+Lelli (It.) 12: 35: 21, 2. Abreu -0: 03, 3. Gamito -0: 04, 4. Gomes -0: 08, 5. Ferreira -0: 45, 6. Azevedo (vsÌ?ichni Portug.) -0
+
+PavelkovaÌ? 139.72 (10), 15. RÌ?ihosÌ?kovaÌ? (obeÌ? CÌ?R) 181.59 (5), stav SP: 1. HilgertovaÌ? 50, 2. Micheler - JonesovaÌ? (NeÌ?m.) 45, 3. SadilovaÌ? 35.
+
+Ta vznikaÌ? postupneÌ?, prÌ?i treÌ?ninciÌ?ch, v sÌ?atneÌ?, prÌ?i zaÌ?pasech. Tady diÌ?ky teÌ?meÌ?rÌ? zÌ?aÌ?dneÌ? spolecÌ?neÌ? prÌ?iÌ?praveÌ? vuÌ?bec nevznikla. V kazÌ?deÌ?m dobreÌ?m tyÌ?mu jsou totizÌ? hveÌ?zdy ale i hraÌ?cÌ?i, kterÌ?iÌ? na neÌ? do urcÌ?iteÌ? miÌ?ry pracujiÌ?. Tady tu cÌ?ernou praÌ?ci nebyl nikdo ochotnyÌ? deÌ?lat.
+
+V utkaÌ?niÌ? 5. kola sÌ?veÌ?dskeÌ? hokejoveÌ? ligy, v neÌ?mzÌ? porazil MoDo AIK Stockholm 4: 2 a prÌ?ipravil ho o vedouciÌ? postaveniÌ? v tabulce, dali obeÌ? branky porazÌ?eneÌ?ho muzÌ?stva cÌ?esÌ?tiÌ? reprezentanti Pavel Patera a Martin ProchaÌ?zka. ViÌ?teÌ?zstviÌ? cÌ?eskyÌ?ch saÌ?lovcuÌ?.
+
+SÌ?imiÌ?cÌ?ek, 51. Peterek, 60. PolaÌ?sÌ?ek42. F. DvorÌ?aÌ?k. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: Vokurka - PadeveÌ?t, FedorocÌ?ko. VyloucÌ?eniÌ?: 4: 2. VyuzÌ?itiÌ?: 0: 0. DivaÌ?ci: 7463.
+
+BraziÌ?lie-Litva 3: 1 (2: 1), prÌ?aÌ?telsky v TeresineÌ?. Branky: 14., 45. a 70. Ronaldo - 21. Buitkus.
+
+RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: ZvonicÌ?. ZÌ?K: HollyÌ?, Mucha (oba Olomouc). DivaÌ?ci: 5458. Teplice: MachaÌ?cÌ?ek-Lizogub-Mikiska, FrtÌ?ala, RampaÌ?cÌ?ek-DiveckyÌ?, Fousek, JanecÌ?ek (68. Just), DolezÌ?al (60.
+
+DeviÌ?tidiÌ?lnyÌ? seriaÌ?l mistrovstviÌ? Evropy silnicÌ?niÌ?ch motocykluÌ? maÌ? tento viÌ?kend na porÌ?adu paÌ?tyÌ? zaÌ?vod v MosteÌ?. SedmdesaÌ?ti jezdcuÌ?m ve trÌ?iÌ?deÌ? do 125 ccm dominuje Jaroslav HulesÌ?, kteryÌ? v prÌ?edchoziÌ?ch dvou letech zaÌ?vod vyhraÌ?l. Jako uÌ?cÌ?astniÌ?k MS vsÌ?ak bude startovat bez naÌ?rokuÌ? na body.
+
+ByÌ?valyÌ? anglickyÌ? fotbalovyÌ? reprezentant John Barnes, kteryÌ? byl vedeniÌ?m tyÌ?mu FC Liverpool umiÌ?steÌ?n na transfer listinu, podepsal ve strÌ?edu navzdory zpraÌ?vaÌ?m aviÌ?zujiÌ?ciÌ?m jeho prÌ?estup do londyÌ?nskeÌ?ho West Hamu smlouvu s celkem Newcastle United. AlbaÌ?nie musiÌ? hraÌ?t v Curychu.
+
+1. Pokratice 15 11 2 2 49: 19 35 2. LitomeÌ?rÌ?ice 15 10 2 3 31: 17 32 3. SÌ?teÌ?tiÌ? 15 10 2 3 22: 11 32 4. Louny 15 10 1 4 27: 17 31 5.
+
+DaÌ?noveÌ? potraÌ?pili uÌ?rÌ?adujiÌ?ciÌ? mistry sveÌ?ta
+
+NANTES - NaÌ?dhernaÌ? ofenzivniÌ? bitva se konala ve vcÌ?erejsÌ?iÌ?m vecÌ?erniÌ?m cÌ?tvrtfinaÌ?le MS ve Francii.
+
+PrvniÌ? medaili, v hodnoteÌ? strÌ?iÌ?bra, ziÌ?skala pro cÌ?eskeÌ? barvy na ME atletuÌ? v BudapesÌ?ti trojskokanka KasÌ?paÌ?rkovaÌ?. DesetibojarÌ?i DvorÌ?aÌ?k (8506) a SÌ?ebrle (8477) se serÌ?adili na 5. a 6. miÌ?sto. SedmyÌ? skoncÌ?il na prÌ?ekaÌ?zÌ?kaÌ?ch MuzÌ?iÌ?k.
+
+CihlaÌ?rÌ?, 48. MarosÌ?i, 90. Siegl. RozhodcÌ?iÌ?: FiliÌ?pek. ZÌ?K: Sourada ZboncÌ?aÌ?k, PolaÌ?k. DivaÌ?ci: 4675. PolocÌ?as: 0: 1. FC KarvinaÌ?: Barcuch - TibenskyÌ? - Plachta, SÌ?lachta - KubesÌ?
+
+Jindy se zase unaveniÌ? hraÌ?cÌ?i snazÌ?ili prÌ?i vhazovaÌ?niÌ? hru zdrzÌ?ovat, aby nacÌ?erpali noveÌ? siÌ?ly. PrÌ?i power play se pak ruskyÌ? goÌ?lman prÌ?i prÌ?erusÌ?eniÌ? hry ve strÌ?edniÌ?m paÌ?smu dokonce nesmeÌ?l vraÌ?tit do branky.
+
+1. Slovensko 3 2 0 1 77: 68 4 2. JugoslaÌ?vie 2 1 0 1 47: 49 2 3. CÌ?R 1 0 0 1 21: 28 0 ViÌ?kend ve sportu
+
+SOBOTA - 20. uÌ?nora:
+
+Hokej Inline - Spring Cup: CÌ?R - NeÌ?mecko 7: 7 (2: 2, 0: 2, 4: 2, 1: 1), branky CÌ?R: BednaÌ?rÌ? 4, Hlinka, Kosejk, SilovskyÌ?. SÌ?veÌ?dsko - Slovensko 5: 5. StrucÌ?neÌ?
+
+Mnichovohr. SK 6 5 19 33: 72 23
+
+SzaboÌ?ovaÌ? (Rum.) 14: 41.82, 2. OuaziÌ?zovaÌ? (Mar.) 14: 43.15, 3. WorkuovaÌ? (Etiop.) 14: 44.22. 10000 m: 1. WamiovaÌ? (Et.) 30: 24.55, 2.
+
+V minuleÌ? sezoneÌ? to dlouho nebylo ono, letos si vsÌ?ak veÌ?rÌ?iÌ?m, " teÌ?sÌ?il se olympijskyÌ? viÌ?teÌ?z a mistr sveÌ?ta, kteryÌ? goÌ?lmana KoÌ?lziga prostrÌ?elil prÌ?i prÌ?esilovce peÌ?ti proti trÌ?em.
+
+Bourque, 23. Savage, 50. Andreychuk, 58. Murphy), New York Islanders Toronto 1: 2 (60. Scatchard - 2. Berezin, 60.
+
+PospiÌ?sÌ?il, 18. SÌ?imuÌ?nek, 19. Dlask. PruÌ?beÌ?zÌ?neÌ? porÌ?adiÌ?: 1. Nijs 211 b., 2. Groenendaal (Niz.) 193, 3. Van der Poel 153. Co vsÌ?echno se takeÌ? muÌ?zÌ?e staÌ?t v nadchaÌ?zejiÌ?ciÌ?m roce 2000
+
+Jako doplneÌ?k k tomuto systeÌ?mu majiÌ? cestujiÌ?ciÌ? na zadniÌ?ch sedadlech k dispozici prÌ?enosnyÌ? a sniÌ?matelnyÌ? prÌ?ehraÌ?vacÌ? DVD umiÌ?steÌ?nyÌ? na strÌ?edniÌ? konzole vzadu a dveÌ? obrazovky 16/9 vestaveÌ?neÌ? do opeÌ?radla prÌ?edniÌ?ch sedadel.
+
+tentokraÌ?t (pozor zmeÌ?na tradicÌ?niÌ?ho miÌ?sta!) od 17.00 v salonku kina EVALD PanelovaÌ? diskuse na teÌ?ma "PrÌ?iÌ?prava zaÌ?konuÌ? o audiovizi a o provozovaÌ?niÌ? rozhlasoveÌ?ho a televizniÌ?ho vysiÌ?laÌ?niÌ?"
+
+AzÌ? od dubna se zvysÌ?uje sveÌ?tlo, teplo i zaÌ?livka. PrÌ?i prÌ?emiÌ?stÌ?ovaÌ?niÌ? do pokojuÌ? s teplotou k 25 °C nekvete. Rady zahraÌ?dkaÌ?rÌ?uÌ?m (dr. S. PelesÌ?ky) poslouchejte v porÌ?adu DobreÌ? jitro.
+
+CÌ?T 2 - 17.55 StarousedliÌ?ci Dokument StarousedliÌ?ci z cyklu DeÌ?ti okamzÌ?iku vypraÌ?viÌ? o romskeÌ? komuniteÌ? v CÌ?eskeÌ?m KrumloveÌ?. V tomto jihocÌ?eskeÌ?m okresniÌ?m meÌ?steÌ? zÌ?ije prÌ?iblizÌ?neÌ? 700 RomuÌ?, tedy asi 7 % populace, cozÌ? je cÌ?iÌ?slo srovnatelneÌ? s meÌ?sty, jako je DeÌ?cÌ?iÌ?n nebo UÌ?stiÌ? nad Labem.
+
+| | - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - + - - - - + - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - |
+
+Toto jsou dodatecÌ?neÌ? termiÌ?ny, cÌ?asto pouzÌ?iÌ?vaneÌ? v oblasti Open Source prostrÌ?ediÌ?, ktereÌ? se v zaÌ?kladniÌ?m textu nenachaÌ?zejiÌ?: operacÌ?niÌ? systeÌ?m GNU/Linux, vyhledaÌ?vacÌ? Google, WWW prohliÌ?zÌ?ecÌ? Mozilla, Dasher je portovaÌ?n do Linuxu pro grafickeÌ? prostrÌ?ediÌ? GNOME, zalozÌ?eneÌ? na GTK+, i pro KDE, zalozÌ?eneÌ? na Qt.
diff --git a/Data/training/training_englishLC_GB.txt b/Data/training/training_englishLC_GB.txt
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Data/training/training_englishLC_GB.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+hello there! hi.
+the dasher project. dasher is an information-efficient text-entry interface, driven by natural continuous pointing gestures.
+dasher is a competitive text-entry system wherever a full-size keyboard cannot be used - for example, (1) on a palmtop computer; (2) on a wearable computer; (3) when operating a computer one-handed, by joystick, touchscreen, trackball, or mouse; (4) when operating a computer with zero hands (i.e., by eyetracker).
+we expect the eyetracking version of dasher to be an especially big hit, as it allows the user to write text as fast as normal handwriting.
+dasher is fast, efficient, easy to learn, and fun to use.
+<em>dasher is like an arcade game: `attack of the killer alphabets', perhaps.</em>
+<small>financial times, 5th february 2002</small>.
+dasher is a zooming interface. you point where you want to go, and the display zooms in wherever you point.
+the world into which you are zooming is painted with letters, so that any point you zoom in on corresponds to a piece of text.
+the more you zoom in, the longer the piece of text you have written. you choose what you write by choosing where to zoom.
+to make the interface efficient, our software uses the predictions of a language model to determine how much of the world is devoted to each piece of text.
+probable pieces of text are given more real-estate, so they are quick and easy to select.
+improbable pieces of text (for example, text with spelling mistakes) are given less space, so they are harder to write.
+the language model learns all the time: if you use a novel word once, it is easier to write next time.
+a big advantage of dasher over other predictive text-entry interfaces is that it is <b>mode-free</b>: the user does not need to switch from a writing mode to an "accept-model-predictions" mode.
+another advantage is that it is easy to train the model on any writing style: simply load up an example file, then write away!
+imagine <b>a library containing all possible books</b>, ordered alphabetically on a single shelf.
+books in which the first letter is "a" are at the left hand side.
+books in which the first letter is "z" are at the right.
+the first book in the "a" section reads "aaaa..."; somewhere to its right are books that start "all good things must come to an end..."; a tiny bit further to the right are books that start "all good things must come to an enema...".
+when someone writes a piece of text, their choice of the text string can be viewed as a choice of a book from this library of all books - the book that contains exactly the chosen text.
+how do they choose that book? let's imagine they want to write "all good things..."
+first, they walk into the "a" section of the library.
+there, they are confronted by books starting "aa", "ab",
+looking more closely at the "al" section, they can find books starting "ala", "alb",... "alz"
+by looking ever more closely at the shelf, the writer can find the book containing the text he wishes to write.
+thus writing can be described as <b>zooming in on an alphabetical library, steering as you go</b>.
+this is exactly how dasher works, except for one crucial point ...
+<em>we alter the size of the shelf space devoted to each book in proportion to <b>the probability</b> of the corresponding text.</em>
+for example, not very many books start with an "x", so we devote less space to "x..." books, and more to the more plausible books, thus making it easier to find books that contain probable text.
+<h2> tips for novices </h2>
+<b>the single most important concept</b> that a novice user needs to understand is that one should always continue <em>inside</em> the text written so far: to select the book that contains "all" as its first word, one does <b>not</b> enter the "a" section of the library, then exit the "a" section, and enter the "l" section.
+one enters the "a" section, then finds the "al" section that is <em>within</em> the "a" section, then enters the "all" section <em>within</em> the "al" section.
+<b>the second most important idea</b> is that what you have written depends <em>only</em> on where you finally end up in the library, not on how you got there; so there is no need to steer carefully on your way to your destination. <b>you are allowed to cut corners.</b>
+the dasher software consists of a language-modelling module, a rendering module, and a dynamics module.
+dasher is brought to you by the inference group, led by david mackay, cavendish laboratory, madingley road, cambridge.
+the research version of the software was developed by david ward. the project manager is phil cowans.
+the dasher project is supported by the gatsby charitable foundation.
+the programmer's favourite phrase is hello how are you? - or hello world. hi hi
+only the crumbliest flakiest chocolate
+london is the capital of paris, and paris is the capital of rome, and rome -- no, that's all wrong, i'm certain! by contrast, the big bang is a beginning that is required by the dynamical laws that govern the universe. ask jail deputies on other matters, the jury recommended that : 1 four additional deputies be employed at the fulton county jail and a doctor, medical intern or extern be employed for night and weekend duty at the jail. oh, that way madness lies. there was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did juliette think it so very much out of the way to hear the rabbit say to itself, `oh dear!
+he always waxes lyrical about his school. far out, man! it's a different planet. the supreme court justice has a swing vote. roe versus wade may be overturned. the court might overturn roe versus wade. george bush might put up a moderate nominee.
+i told you so. what did i tell you? i use a nokia phone.
+the speaker waxed lyrical about his invention's benefits. he's mad as a hatter. as any economist could have predicted, the result of all that borrowing was inflation. henry l. bowden was listed on the petition as the mayor's attorney. his beard was as white as snow. `i told you butter wouldn't suit the works!' he added looking angrily at the march hare. god might have created such a warped universe, but we have no reason to think that he did.
+bellows made the disclosure when he asked judge parsons to grant his client, alan clements, 30, a separate trial. he gets on my wick. `and what an ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! what does the no boundary proposal predict for the future of the universe? a glutton for punishment.
+`perhaps it doesn't understand english,' thought juliette; `i daresay it's a french mouse, come over with william the conqueror.' the predictions of the no boundary proposal seem to agree with observation. all dallas members voted with roberts, except rep. bill jones, who was absent. take with a grain of salt. `but perhaps he can't help it,' she said to herself; `his eyes are so very nearly at the top of his head.
+this view had to be modified, when heisenberg put forward his uncertainty principle, which said that one could not know both the position, and the speed, accurately. indeed, she had quite a long argument with the lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `i am older than you, and must know better'; and this laura would not allow without knowing how old it was, and, as the lory positively refused to tell its age, there was no more to be said. we know that general relativity can not be quite correct on very small distances, because it is a classical theory. to be or not to be, that is the question.
+she was a good deal frightened by this very sudden change, but she felt that there was no time to be lost, as she was shrinking rapidly; so she set to work at once to eat some of the other bit.
+his contention was denied by several bankers, including scott hudson of sherman, gaynor b. jones of houston, j. b. brady of harlingen and howard cox of austin. the girl with colitis goes by. oh! won't she be savage if i've kept her waiting!' i have not been there myself. i didn't smell a drop of liquor, and we didn't have a bit of trouble.
+i spy with my little eye. to show this diagram properly, i would really need a four dimensional screen. this is not a program of socialized medicine. shuffle off this mortal coil. the west texan reported that he had finally gotten chairman bill hollowell of the committee to set it for public hearing on feb. 22.
+if i had my druthers. events before the big bang are simply not defined, because there's no way one could measure what happened at them. nursing home care the aged care plan carries these benefits for persons over 65 who are under the social security and railroad retirement systems : 1 full payment of hospital bills for stays up to 90 days for each illness, except that the patient would pay $10 a day of the cost for the first nine days. some men are born mediocre, some men achieve mediocrity, and some men, have. i shall be a great deal too far off to trouble myself about you: you must manage the best way you can; -- but i must be kind to them,' thought laura, `or perhaps they won't walk the way i want to go!
+the expansion will start with an inflationary phase, but the collapse will not in general end with an anti inflationary phase. he calls for help while saying he is against centralization, but you can't have it both ways, jones said. but screw your courage to the sticking-place. the queen turned angrily away from him, and said to the knave `turn them over!' they would say that ufo's come from the future, and that governments are engaged in a gigantic conspiracy to cover them up, and keep for themselves, the scientific knowledge that these visitors bring.
+strenuous efforts were made to remove pin pricking from administration statements. doesn't know shit from shinola. `i have answered three questions, and that is enough,' said his father; `don't give yourself airs! the sideways velocities could have meant that the galaxies didn't collide, but rushed past each other, and then started to move apart.
+in the last eight years, all presidential appointments, including those of cabinet rank, have been denied immediate action because of a senate rule requiring at least a 24 hour delay after they are reported to the floor.
+forgive them for they know not what they do. * `come, my head's free at last!' said mary in a tone of delight, which changed into alarm in another moment, when she found that her shoulders were nowhere to be found: all she could see, when she looked down, was an immense length of neck, which seemed to rise like a stalk out of a sea of green leaves that lay far below her. they claimed that there would be no singularities in a solution of the field equations of general relativity, which was fully general, in the sense that it didn't have any exact symmetry. the largest hurdle the republicans would have to face is a state law which says that before making a first race, one of two alternative courses must be taken : 1 five per cent of the voters in each county must sign petitions requesting that the republicans be allowed to place names of candidates on the general election ballot, or 2 the republicans must hold a primary under the county unit system -- a system which the party
opposes in its platform. know which way the wind blows.
+it was the white rabbit returning, splendidly dressed, with a pair of white kid gloves in one hand and a large fan in the other: he came trotting along in a great hurry, muttering to himself as he came, `oh! the duchess, the duchess! genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. if you have a positive bank balance, you can distribute it in various ways. all you need is love. if there were a passage right the way through, like we have, the poor animal would fall apart.
+gorgeous doris day and her producer-hubby, marty melcher, drive in today from a motor tour thru new england. butter wouldn't melt in her mouth. there was a young lady of wight, who traveled much faster than light; she departed one day, in a relative way, and arrived on the previous night. mrs. harry k. cohen is chairman of this phase and she is getting an artistic assist from a. van hollander, display director of gimbel brothers. there she blows! it isn't over until the fat lady sings. i will survive.
+the jury did not elaborate, but it added that there should be periodic surveillance of the pricing practices of the concessionaires for the purpose of keeping the prices reasonable. would you adam and eve it?. `whoever lives there,' thought mary, `it'll never do to come upon them this size: why, i should frighten them out of their wits!' to the french, this just confirmed their suspicions. to deal with principles the meetings in zurich, the statement said, would deal only with principles that would guide the three factors in their search for a coalition government.
+men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues we write in water. `we won't talk about her any more if you'd rather not.' all the evidence points to him being an inveterate gambler, who throws the dice on every possible occasion. he broke that boy (air force fullback nick arshinkoff) in two and knocked him loose from the football.
+he understands every word i say to him. tony blair misled the country over weapons of mass destruction.
+`and yet what a dear little puppy it was!' said he, as she leant against a buttercup to rest herself, and fanned herself with one of the leaves: `i should have liked teaching it tricks very much, if -- if i'd only been the right size to do it! you look as if you've been dragged through a hedge backwards. [later editions continued as follows: when the sands are all dry, he is gay as a lark, and will talk in contemptuous tones of the shark, but, when the tide rises and sharks are around, his voice has a timid and tremulous sound.] `that's different from what i used to say when i was a child,' said the octopus. although quantum mechanics has been around for nearly 70 years, it is still not generally understood or appreciated, even by those that use it to do calculations. a veteran jackson county legislator will ask the georgia house monday to back federal aid to education, something it has consistently opposed in the past.
+elvis has left the building. killed in a bar when he was only three. he who can, does; he who cannot, teaches. he will give the devil his due. he was more famous for proving you couldn't prove everything that is true, even in such an apparently simple subject as arithmetic.
+in 1960 more than 6,000 communist technicians were present in those countries. more honoured in the breach than in the observance. no religious group, he declared in an interview, will receive peace corps funds unless it forswears all proselytizing on the project it proposes. no pain, no gain. if barnett doesn't call a special session in 1961, it will be the first year in the last decade that the legislature has not met in regular or special session.
+all the evidence is, that the universe started out in the big bang, without the kind of warping needed, to allow travel into the past. while details are still to be worked out, ratcliff said he expects to tell home folks in dallas why he thinks berry's proposed constitutional amendment should be rejected. let the cat out of the bag. there were attempts to explain away this number count graph, by claiming that some of the faint radio sources, were within our own galaxy, and so did not tell us anything about cosmology. this is being done so that georgia tech can complete the final phase of a traffic survey on the north expressway.
+as you sow so shall you reap. the louisiana city is known, of course, for its fine food, good music and its colorful hospitality and, when guests arrive at philmont that night, says mrs. grinsfelder, that is exactly what we expect to offer them. no, i've made up my mind about it; if i'm mabel, i'll stay down here! a balls up.
+instead, the universe has every single possible history, each with its own probability.
+like a chicken with its head cut off. of course, this isn't taking into consideration the population of nevada and new york city, but it's the way things look from here at this point. it's no skin off my nose. certain people must have known about it. about turn.
+then throneberry rapped into a fast double play. press into service. however, because of government cuts, we could manage to provide only a two dimensional screen. pass over to the other side. this was such a new idea to her, that she was quite silent for a minute or two, which gave the pigeon the opportunity of adding, `you're looking for eggs, i know that well enough; and what does it matter to me whether you're a little girl or a serpent?'
+when they arrived at a new star, they could land on a suitable planet, and mine material to produce more machines, which could be sent on to yet more stars. the new school superintendent is harry davis, a veteran agriculture teacher, who defeated felix bush, a school principal and chairman of the miller county democratic executive committee. turn over a new leaf. and then, some churchmen remarked, there is a more classical church-state problem : can religious agencies use government funds and peace corps personnel in their projects and still preserve the constitutional requirement on separation of church and state? so the time of zero separation, would have been less than twenty billion years ago.
+but i am not in favor of a sales or state income tax at this time, mitchell said. it's a legend in his own life time. he could terminate special sessions of the legislature. it's a face that only a mother could love. `and who are these?' said the queen, pointing to the three gardeners who were lying round the rosetree; for, you see, as they were lying on their faces, and the pattern on their backs was the same as the rest of the pack, she could not tell whether they were gardeners, or soldiers, or courtiers, or three of her own children.
+put two and two together. `here! you may nurse it a bit, if you like!' the lady said to her, flinging the baby at her as she spoke. the forsaken particle may fall into the hole as well, but it may also escape to a large distance from the hole, where it will become a real particle, that can be measured by a particle detector. the issue which may make it necessary to have a session is the highly sensitive problem of cutting the state's congressional districts from six to five to eliminate one congressional seat.
+may you live in interesting times.
+and then a voice she had never heard before, `sure then i'm here! the female of the species is more deadly then the male. no, it'll never do to ask: perhaps i shall see it written up somewhere.' mr. hawksley said he was not critical of city residents for not knowing what to do or where to assemble in case of an air attack. so she began again: `ou est ma chatte?' which was the first sentence in her french lesson-book.
+at first sight, all these seem possible. first blood. but there never is any need. what's in a name? that which we call a rose by any other name would smell as. dirac was my predecessor but one, as the lucasian professor in cambridge.
+my experience as public safety commissioner, roos said, has shown me that the office of sheriff is best filled by a man with law enforcement experience, and preferably one who is a lawyer. just then she heard something splashing about in the pool a little way off, and she swam nearer to make out what it was: at first she thought it must be a walrus or hippopotamus, but then she remembered how small she was now, and she soon made out that it was only a mouse that had slipped in like herself. einstein's view was what would now be called, a hidden variable theory. the famed yankee clipper, now retired, has been assisting as a batting coach. now is the winter of our discontent.
+i never knew there were such neighbors and friends around me and my family. such stuff as dreams are made on. foods, which long had been considered recession resistant but hardly dynamic stocks, have been acting like growth stocks, going to higher price-earnings ratios. and yet i wish i could show you our cat dinah: i think you'd take a fancy to cats if you could only see her. the navy captain disclosed also that a list of questions found in miss gee's purse would, if completed and handed back, have given the kremlin a complete picture of our current anti-submarine effort and would have shown what we are doing in research and development for the future.
+but what distinguishes us from them, is the knowledge that we have accumulated over the last ten thousand years, and particularly, over the last three hundred. you must have meant some mischief, or else you'd have signed your name like an honest man.' but although laplace may not have realised it, the same idea had been put forward 16 years earlier by a cambridge man, john mitchell, in a paper in the philosophical transactions of the royal society. no man is an island.
+this result came as a total surprise to me, and everyone else.
+beats me. `why, you don't even know what they're about!' a young man doesn't like to be driven up in front of a school in a car driven by a girl who isn't even in a higher class than he is, and is also a girl. even steven. `i've seen hatters before,' she said to herself; `the tiger will be much the most interesting, and perhaps as this is may it won't be raving mad -- at least not so mad as it was in march.'
+this is probably the most remarkable discovery of modern cosmology. the most valuable player award was split three ways, among glen mankowski, gordon hartweger and tom kieffer. if one made a research grant application to work on time travel, it would be dismissed immediately. and oh, i wish you could see her after the birds! people will continue to get older, even after the universe has begun to contract.
+he was a man after his own heart. seven flung down his brush, and had just begun `well, of all the unjust things --' when his eye chanced to fall upon him, as she stood watching them, and he checked himself suddenly: the others looked round also, and all of them bowed low. at berger's direction, the city also intervened in the hughes bankruptcy case in u. s. district court in a move preliminary to filing a claim there. the butler did it. `i didn't know it was your table,' she said; `it's laid for a great many more than three.'
+to achieve such an equilibrium, it is necessary for the radiation to be scattered by matter, many times. after it allotted shares to 41 underwriters and 52 selling group members from coast to coast there were not many shares for anyone. many are called but few are chosen. is this a dagger which i see before me?. like the argument about human progress, it indicates that there must have been a beginning.
+all things must pass. please, ma'am, is this new zealand or australia?' (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke -- fancy curtseying as you're falling through the air! while emphasizing that technical details were not fully worked out, pelham said his resolution would seek to set aside the privilege resolution which the house voted through 87-31. hardly knowing what she did, she picked up a little bit of stick, and held it out to the puppy; whereupon the puppy jumped into the air off all its feet at once, with a yelp of delight, and rushed at the stick, and made believe to worry it; then he dodged behind a great thistle, to keep herself from being run over; and the moment she appeared on the other side, the puppy made another rush at the stick, and tumbled head over heels in its hurry to get hold of it; then, thinking it was very like having a game of play with a cart-horse, and expecting every moment to be trampled under its feet, ran round the thistle again; then the puppy b
egan a series of short charges at the stick, running a very little way forwards each time and a long way back, and barking hoarsely all the while, till at last it sat down a good way off, panting, with its tongue hanging out of its mouth, and its great eyes half shut.
+their explanation for human progress was that there had been periodic floods, or other natural disasters, which repeatedly set back the human race to a primitive state.
+i scratch your back and you scratch mine. lastly, she pictured to herself how this same little sister of hers would, in the after-time, be herself a grown woman; and how she would keep, through all her riper years, the simple and loving heart of her childhood: and how she would gather about her other little children, and make their eyes bright and eager with many a strange tale, perhaps even with the dream of wonderland of long ago: and how she would feel with all their simple sorrows, and find a pleasure in all their simple joys, remembering her own child-life, and the happy summer days. donkey's years. `i don't know where dinn may be,' said the mock turtle, `but if you've seen them so often, of course you know what they're like.' where there's muck there's brass.
+it was a nice round figure, that 12, he said as he headed for the clubhouse, not too much perturbed. much ado about nothing. you can throw television sets, diamond rings, or even your worst enemies into a black hole, and all the black hole will remember, is the total mass, and the state of rotation. for if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly father will also forgive you : but if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your father forgive -- your trespasses. he came all the way around on gardner's hit before 5777 fans.
+the outlook the vienna meeting will bring together a seasoned, 67-year-old veteran of the cold war who, in mr. kennedy's own words, is shrewd, tough, vigorous, well-informed and confident, and a 44-year-old president (his birthday is may 29) with a demonstrated capacity for political battle but little experience in international diplomacy. leave well enough alone. but the wave function will vary very rapidly near the peak, up on one side, and down on the other. since the constitution forbids introduction of a tax bill at a fiscal session, the administration will either have to cut down expenses or inflate its estimates of anticipated revenues. down the hatch.
+some people have questioned whether viruses should count as life, because they are parasites, and can not exist independently of their hosts. i did not much like keeping so close to her: first, because the duchess was very ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the right height to rest her chin upon her shoulder, and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin. he was also pleased with the wide distribution because he thought it proved again his argument that dallas investment men can do just as good a job as the big new york investment bankers claim only they can do. just in time. `i don't know the meaning of half those long words, and, what's more, i don't believe you do either!'
+they're dreadfully fond of beheading people here; the great wonder is, that there's any one left alive!' we do not know how dna molecules first appeared. while he declined to suggest how, he said that sooner or later we must get rid of castro, for unless we do we're liable to face similar situations in this hemisphere. how now brown cow?.
+it is difficult to imagine that one could build a living system, out of just hydrogen and helium, and anyway the early universe was still far too hot for atoms to combine into molecules.
+the lady doth protest too much, methinks. for example, it was found that elementary particles behaved rather like little tops, spinning about an axis. `what i was going to say,' said the dodo in an offended tone, `was, that the best thing to get us dry would be a caucus-race.' that permitted us to start controlling the ball right away, said stram, quipping, i think i'll put that play in the book. here was another puzzling question; and as he could not think of any good reason, and as the caterpillar seemed to be in a very unpleasant state of mind, she turned away.
+something is rotten in the state of denmark. that wouldn't be much good for space westerns. fight the good fight. naturally, enterprises of the size of general electric are in a position to structure their prices in such a way that the relatively small competitors can be forced to the wall in a very short time. this is very midsummer madness.
+it might be possible to use genetic engineering, to make dna based life survive indefinitely, or at least for a hundred thousand years. you can lead a whore to culture but you can't make her think. `if everybody minded their own business,' the lady said in a hoarse growl, `the world would go round a deal faster than it does.' in ancient times, the world must have seemed pretty arbitrary. the company sells a complete line of gin machinery all over the cotton-growing world.
+come the three corners of the world in arms. so she stood still where she was, and waited. it involved scanning the radio frequencies, to see if we could pick up signals from alien civilisations. said he : we will see whether whites and negroes are treated the same around here. however, `jury-men' would have done just as well.
+aggression, in the form of subjugating or killing other men, and taking their women and food, has had definite survival advantage, up to the present time. the third belief, in six points, emphasizes the deity of the lord jesus christ, and : -- emphasizes the virgin birth -- the sinless life of christ -- his miracles -- his substitutionary work on the cross -- his bodily resurrection from the dead -- and his exaltation to the right hand of god. what a piece of work is man. however, long distance space travel, will be difficult for chemically based life forms, like dna.
+the live-long day.
+if they weren't, we wouldn't be here. after thursday's open date, solly plans to open with larry jackson against the cubs here friday night. overpaid, oversexed, and over here. districts issue legislators always get restless for a special session (whether for the companionship or the $22.50 per diem is not certain) and if they start agitating. get thee behind me satan.
+and she kept on puzzling about it while the mouse was speaking, so that her idea of the tale was something like this:-- `fury said to a mouse, that he met in the house, "let us both go to law: i will prosecute you. a plague o' both your houses. `yes, that's it,' said the hatter with a sigh: `it's always tea-time, and we've no time to wash the things between whiles.' this could lead to the graph of the separation between two galaxies, being a curve that approached zero, but didn't actually pass through it, at any finite time in the past. skorich received a three-year contract at a salary believed to be between $20,000 and $25,000 a year.
+between the devil and the deep blue sea. the smallest worm will turn, being trodden on. because they are under such great tension, one might have expected them to accelerate to almost the speed of light. sailing under false colours. not only do the particles and unlucky astronauts that fall into a black hole, never come out again, but also the information that they carry, is lost forever, at least from our region of the universe.
+never never land. `as if it wasn't trouble enough hatching the eggs,' said the pigeon; `but i must be on the look-out for serpents night and day! singing from the same hymn sheet. but if you can travel from one side of the galaxy, to the other, in a week or two, you could go back through another wormhole, and arrive back before you set out. price support loans may total another $1 billion this year.
+if you think that you have another think coming. speaking of the present status of civil defense in the city, mr. hawksley said he would be willing to bet that not more than one person in a hundred would know what to do or where to go in the event of an enemy attack. `does your watch tell you what year it is?' so the rate of biological evolution in humans, is about a bit a year.
+barber, who is in his 13th year as a legislator, said there are some members of our congressional delegation in washington who would like to see it (the resolution) passed.
+this could connect the two sides of the galaxy, and act as a short cut, to get from one to the other and back while your friends were still alive. fiddling while rome burns. he who laughs last laughs longest. `poor little thing!' said diana, in a coaxing tone, and she tried hard to whistle to it; but she was terribly frightened all the time at the thought that it might be hungry, in which case it would be very likely to eat her up in spite of all her coaxing. he did not want the effort weakened by any illusion that summit magic might make it unnecessary.
+the belgians also placed great emphasis on education. some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust. one would also expect to have seen large numbers of tourists from the future, curious to look at our quaint, old-fashioned ways. the 53-year-old shea, a prominent corporation lawyer with a sports background, is generally recognized as the man most responsible for the imminent return of a national league club to new york. old lang syne.
+even if there were sound reasons for keeping us in ignorance, human nature being what it is, it is difficult to believe that someone wouldn't show off, and tell us poor benighted peasants, the secret of time travel. we'll work out about an hour on saturday, then we'll work monday and tuesday of next week, then taper off. he promised nearly 200 democratic county committee members at the meeting in the puddingstone inn : when i come back here after the november election you'll think, you're my man -- elected. i guessed in a moment that it was looking for the fan and the pair of white kid gloves, and she very good-naturedly began hunting about for them, but they were nowhere to be seen -- everything seemed to have changed since her swim in the pool, and the great hall, with the glass table and the little door, had vanished completely. since we haven't cracked time travel yet, i have run out of time.
+go cap in hand. laws will be passed, against genetic engineering with humans. against the grain. it came like a bolt from the blue. the customer is always right.
+what it shows is that there are many initial states, containing television sets, diamond rings, and even people, that evolve to the same final state, at least outside the black hole. offenses multiply the president has also called upon the attorney general, the secretary of health, education and welfare, and the secretary of labor to coordinate their efforts in the development of a program of federal leadership to assist states and local communities in their efforts to cope with the problem. there used to be a project called seti, the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence. the united states, state department officials explain, now is mainly interested in setting up an international inspection system which will prevent laos from being used as a base for communist attacks on neighboring thailand and south viet nam.
+olive the other reindeer used to laugh and call him names.
+this means, it doesn't take into account, the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, which says that an object can not have both a well defined position, and a well defined speed: the more accurately one measures the position, the less accurately one can measure the speed, and vice versa. mrs. molvar, who kept reiterating her request that they please take a stand, said, we must have faith in somebody -- on the local level, and it wouldn't be possible for everyone to rush to a school to get their children. interestingly enough, laplace himself wrote a paper in 1799 on how some stars could have a gravitational field so strong that light could not escape, but would be dragged back onto the star. the biggest single act would doubtless be staged by frankie himself : his inaugural wardrobe had been designed by hollywood couturier don loper, who regularly makes up ladies' ensembles. he is a law unto himself.
+it was so long since she had been anything near the right size, that it felt quite strange at first; but she got used to it in a few minutes, and began talking to herself, as usual. this indicates that the present phase of human history can not have been going for more than a few thousand years. except for a few months in late 1960 and early 1961, retail farm equipment sales have trailed year-earlier levels since the latter part of 1959. or the green house effect becoming unstable. eaten out of house and home.
+`come, there's no use in crying like that!' she said to herself, rather sharply; `i advise you to leave off this minute!' during that time, the useful information in our dna, has probably changed by only a few million bits. during his college career, dr. clark was captain of his basketball team and was a football letterman. several signers affixed their names, it was learned, after being told that no tax increase would be possible without consent of the general assembly and that a provision could be included in the charter to have the town take over the johnston sanitary district sewer system. absent without leave.
+born again. `i want a clean cup,' interrupted the joker: `let's all move one place on.' what would stop you blowing up the rocket on its launch pad, or otherwise preventing you from setting out in the first place. such objects were given the name black holes, by the american physicist john wheeler, who was one of the first to recognise their importance, and the problems they pose. the trial will be held, probably the first week of march, in the famous old bailey central criminal court where klaus fuchs, the naturalized british german born scientist who succeeded in giving american and british atomic bomb secrets to russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.
+the american dream. green around the gills. an emory spokesman indicated, however, that the university itself did not intend to make any test of the laws. run home this moment, and fetch me a pair of gloves and a fan!
+a small step for man, a giant leap for mankind.
+however, in a remarkable paper written in 1905, when he was a clerk in the swiss patent office, einstein showed that the time and position at which one thought an event occurred, depended on how one was moving. the rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that she had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well. however, the graph of the number of radio sources, against there strength, went up much more sharply at low source strengths, than the steady state theory predicted. he ran his string of successful conversions this season to 13 straight before one went astray last saturday night in the 41-8 slaughter of washington state. you'll wonder where the chartreuse went when you brush your teeth with pepsodent.
+he did not say by how much. her listeners were perfectly quiet till she got to the part about her repeating `you are old, father william,' to the caterpillar, and the words all coming different, and then the whale drew a long breath, and said `that's very curious.' these irregularities are so little, only one part in a hundred thousand, that for years people looked for them in vain. but, for my own part, it was greek to me. the cosmologist, sir arthur eddington, once said, 'don't worry if your theory doesn't agree with the observations, because they are probably wrong.'
+if working in a zinc mine, which he once did for 87-1/2 cents an hour, paid more than playing center field for the yankees, mantle would work in a zinc mine. once in a blue moon. it was high time to go, for the pool was getting quite crowded with the birds and animals that had fallen into it: there were a duck and a dodo, a lory and an eaglet, and several other curious creatures. but in extreme conditions, like in the early universe, or in high energy particle collisions, there could be significant loss of information. students have been using electric computers and high speed movie cameras during the study.
+knee high to a grasshopper. there was a general clapping of hands at this: it was the first really clever thing the king had said that day. i will wear my heart upon my sleeve. `when we were little,' the mock turtle went on at last, more calmly, though still sobbing a little now and then, `we went to school in the sea. as those of you that were forced to learn euclidean geometry at school may remember, one of the consequences of these axioms is, that the angles of a triangle, add up to a hundred and 80 degrees.
+and shining morning face, creeping like a snail unwillingly to school. when i was a kid, maris told a sportswriter last week, i used to follow williams every day in the box score, just to see whether he got a hit or not. but if they show self-restraint, they don't get the orders. don't look a gift horse in the mouth.
+break in georgia the university of georgia has long claimed that it does not discriminate against any applicant on the basis of race or color.
+unfortunately, in the same paper, einstein showed that the rocket power needed to accelerate a space ship, got greater and greater, the nearer it got to the speed of light. soviet premier khrushchev sent new year's hopes for peace to president-elect kennedy, and got a cool acknowledgment in reply. got the hump. information requires energy to carry it, and there won't be enough energy left when the black hole disappears. party leaders came out of the final meeting apparently satisfied and stated that complete agreement had been reached on a solution to the crisis created by the elections which left no party with enough strength to form a government on its own.
+(he had been to the seaside once in her life, and had come to the general conclusion, that wherever you go to on the english coast you find a number of bathing machines in the sea, some children digging in the sand with wooden spades, then a row of lodging houses, and behind them a railway station.) only a relative handful of such reports was received, the jury said, considering the widespread interest in the election, the number of voters and the size of this city. of course, some people would claim that we have been visited from the future. the course of true love never did run smooth. a nuclear war, is still the most immediate danger, but there are others, such as the release of a genetically engineered virus.
+cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war. but she went on all the same, shedding gallons of tears, until there was a large pool all round her, about four inches deep and reaching half down the hall. this may have been reasonable, given the notoriously unreliable character of cosmological observations, until fairly recently. the 187-mile illinois state toll highway, for example, was not opened over its entire length until december, 1958. until hell freezes over.
+this says that the total amount of disorder, or entropy, in the universe, always increases with time. beaver away at. so the total amount of useful information in our genes, is probably something like a hundred million bits. two began in a low voice, `why the fact is, you see, miss, this here ought to have been a red rose-tree, and we put a white one in by mistake; and if the queen was to find it out, we should all have our heads cut off, you know. but i shall see what conclusions can be drawn, from the fact that life exists on this planet, at this stage in the history of the universe.
+this is the key fact emerging from sunday's national election. the mouse gave a sudden leap out of the water, and seemed to quiver all over with fright. this is not only a compliment to mijbil, of whom there are a fine series of photographs and drawings in the book, but to the author who has catalogued the saga of a frightened otter cub's journey by plane from iraq to london, then by train (where he lay curled in the wash basin playing with the water tap) to camusfearna, with affectionate detail. there must be a possible history in which there is a lasting peace in the middle east, though maybe the probability is low.
+though walter ulbricht, by grace of soviet tanks, may be head man in east germany, that does not give him any right to usurp the government of east berlin or to absorb that semi-city into the soviet zone.
+though last, not least in love. this time there could be no mistake about it: it was neither more nor less than a pig, and she felt that it would be quite absurd for her to carry it further. if this choice is less exciting than new york democrats may wish, it nevertheless must be made. less is more. no government agency could afford to be seen to be spending public money, on anything as way out as time travel.
+now, if you only kept on good terms with him, he'd do almost anything you liked with the clock. to almost two generations of americans it must have seemed as though the existence of mr. sam coincided with that of the house. on the other hand, the remaining four directions are fairly flat, and are what we call space-time. although the resolution might have been far more specific, it was considerably tougher than the earlier one. thus far into the bowels of the land.
+just then her head struck against the roof of the hall: in fact she was now more than nine feet high, and she at once took up the little golden key and hurried off to the garden door. it took two and a half billion years, to evolve from the earliest cells to multi-cell animals, and another billion years to evolve through fish and reptiles, to mammals. the bears took the lead in the first inning, as they did in sunday's opener, and never lagged. yet your editorial said : now the attorney general writes that no considerations justify any loss of revenue of this proportion. though this be madness, yet there is method in it.
+this precious stone set in the silver sea, this sceptered isle. because time is not going to go backwards, i think i better stop now. this time, they were much better prepared and organized, and the political climate was favorable. better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. instead, it would be an ordinary point of space and time, like the north pole is an ordinary point on the earth, or so i'm told.
+a little bird told me. eventually, at a critical weight and size, they will make a bottomless hole in the sheet, which particles can fall into, but nothing can get out of. nothing that is likely to happen, however, should prompt the sending of united states soldiers for other than instructional missions. night soil.
+and with that she began nursing her child again, singing a sort of lullaby to it as she did so, and giving it a violent shake at the end of every line: `speak roughly to your little boy, and beat him when he sneezes: he only does it to annoy, because he knows it teases.'
+but it also briefly suggested the possibility of a meeting with mr. khrushchev before the end of the year if the international climate were favorable and schedules permitted. at his wits end. that is why we don't get sunburn from a cup of coffee. he called after it; and the others all joined in chorus, `yes, please do!' but the mouse only shook its head impatiently, and walked a little quicker. look to coosa valley for industrial progress cities and counties interested in industrial development would do well in the months ahead to keep their eyes peeled toward the 13 northwest georgia counties that are members of the coosa valley area planning and development commission.
+sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. but they have not managed to find any mechanism that would return the information. i'll need more than a single day to find the words to properly express my thanks to them. a hard man is good to find. going, going, gone.
+`after that,' continued the idiot, `i cut some more bread- and-butter --' `but what did the dormouse say?' one of the jury asked. when i gave a lecture in japan, i was asked not to mention the possible re-collapse of the universe, because it might affect the stock market. after that, some of the stars would have exploded as supernovas, and scattered the heavy elements back into space, to form the raw material for later generations of stars. point percy at the porcelain. and she began thinking over all the children she knew that were of the same age as herself, to see if she could have been changed for any of them.
+if you knew the state of the universe at some time in the past, you could predict it in the future. alas, poor yorick! i knew him, horatio. i suppose you'll be telling me next that you never tasted an egg!' this is shown on this next diagram, which is not to scale, because there's no way one can show a period of ten thousand years, on the same scale as billions of years. sitting next to nellie.
+for example, a computer virus is a program that will make copies of itself in the memory of a computer, and will transfer itself to other computers. it also indicated that space travel to other stars, was going to be a very slow and tedious business. admitting that main streets and the central business district should have priority, the councilman said it is also essential that small shopping areas not be overlooked if our small merchants are to survive. do your business.
+so i will give a different argument, to show that the universe contains enough matter, to focus our past light cone.
+happy hitting if it's true that contented cows give more milk, why shouldn't happy ball players produce more base hits? an even greater limitation and danger for future generations, is that we still have the instincts, and in particular, the aggressive impulses, that we had in cave man days. we have seen better days. `hold your tongue, ma!' said the young crab, a little snappishly. an angry young man.
+a scientific law is not a scientific law, if it only holds when some supernatural being decides to let things run, and not intervene. he said, let's work for peace instead of protection from aggression. just at this moment she felt a very curious sensation, which puzzled her a good deal until she made out what it was: she was beginning to grow larger again, and she thought at first she would get up and leave the court; but on second thoughts she decided to remain where she was as long as there was room for her. a $12,500 payment leavitt, as he entered the jury room, said he was prepared to answer questions about the $12,500 his liquor firm paid to stein for labor consultant work with five unions which organized leavitt's workers. leave the room.
+he was a teflon president. league regularly stands on the side of right the league of women voters, 40 now and admitting it proudly, is inviting financial contributions in the windup of its fund drive. `a cheap sort of present!' i thought. all present and correct. `we quarrelled last march -- just before he went mad, you know --' (pointing with his tea spoon at the american girl,) `-- it was at the great concert given by the queen of hearts, and i had to sing "twinkle, twinkle, little bat!
+but, the fact that several pulsars are observed to have planets suggests that a reasonable fraction of the hundred billion stars in our galaxy may also have planets. the frog-footman repeated, in the same solemn tone, only changing the order of the words a little, `from the queen. in order to understand this, considered a sheet of rubber, with a weight placed on it, to represent a star. apologies are in order from anybody who said, are you sure you're not making a mistake? apple pie order.
+a major national library can contain about five million books, or about ten trillion bits. this observation can be elevated to the status of a law, the so-called second law of thermodynamics. salem (special) -- for a second month in a row, multnomah county may be short of general assistance money in its budget to handle an unusually high summer month's need, the state public welfare commission was told friday. second wind.
+she did not get hold of anything, but she heard a little shriek and a fall, and a crash of broken glass, from which she concluded that it was just possible it had fallen into a cucumber-frame, or something of the sort.
+the deeper wonder is how this miracle was accomplished in decades, rather than in centuries and by immigrant minorities at that. he was rather doubtful whether she ought not to lie down on her face like the three gardeners, but she could not remember ever having heard of such a rule at processions; `and besides, what would be the use of a procession,' thought she, `if people had all to lie down upon their faces, so that they couldn't see it?' she had just succeeded in curving it down into a graceful zigzag, and was going to dive in among the leaves, which she found to be nothing but the tops of the trees under which she had been wandering, when a sharp hiss made her draw back in a hurry: a large pigeon had flown into her face, and was beating her violently with its wings. `why,' said the gryphon, `you first form into a line along the sea-shore --' `two lines!' cried the turtle. some of the jury wrote it down `important,' and some `unimportant.'
+but for tops as small as atoms, the discrete nature of spin is very important. the illinois commission for handicapped children, which for 20 years has had the responsibility of coordinating the services of tax supported and voluntary organizations serving handicapped children, of studying the needs of handicapped children in illinois, and of promoting more adequate services for them, indeed welcomes this new important resource which will help the people of illinois toward the goal of providing an education for all of its children. it is difficult to say how often such collisions occur, but a reasonable guess might be every twenty million years, on average. point is that developing countries often build up a textile industry first, need encouragement to get on their feet. some good news although it looked like a routine technical snapback to wall streeters it was accompanied by some good news.
+the mother of young queen, mrs. g. henry pierson jr. chose a white brocade gown made on slim lines with panels of tomato-red and bright green satin extending down the back. survivors include two brothers, c. e. killingsworth, atlanta, and john killingsworth, warren, ohio; and two sisters, minnie and mrs. bessie bloom, both of gettysburg, pa.. if this were the case, it would raise a whole host of questions and problems. it is a basket case. she folded her hands, and began:-- `you are old, father william,' the young man said, `and your hair has become very white; and yet you incessantly stand on your head -- do you think, at your age, it is right?'
+in other words, the anti-trust laws, designed to reduce prices to the consumer on monday, wednesday and friday, become a tool to protect the marginal manufacturer on tuesday, thursday and saturday. this is an area nearly as large as western europe; and it was filled then as now by quarreling tribes with no political or historical unity. by and large. big in japan. four corners of the earth.
+while she was trying to fix on one, the cook took the cauldron of soup off the fire, and at once set to work throwing everything within her reach at the woman and the baby -- the fire-irons came first; then followed a shower of saucepans, plates, and dishes. but at the same time he moved his helicopter-borne marines to within an hour of the fighting. born within the sound of bow bells. although this lecture is partly about time travel, i felt i had to give it the scientifically more respectable title, space and time warps.
+by the end of the century the roman catholic church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.
+the week went along briskly enough. so she began telling them her adventures from the time when she first saw the rabbit. we saw back to the origin of the universe. (the last doorman that saw me do that should calm himself. according to string theory, which is our best hope of uniting general relativity and quantum theory, into a theory of everything, space-time ought to have ten dimensions, not just the four that we experience.
+six of the best. the idea that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all other times, has been a central tenet of science, ever since laplace's time. holmes was asked if he had ever visited a house of prostitution, or a beatnik parlor or teahouse. for ever and a day. fair dealer humphrey upped the ante, asked cloture power for a mere majority of senators.
+power dressing. but with the human race, evolution reached a critical stage, comparable in importance with the development of dna. the nearest thing to a straight line on the surface of the earth, is what is called, a great circle. there is one thing i know; a person will never have spiritual poise and inner peace as long as the heart holds a grudge. a thing of beauty is a joy forever.
+at the left is a pair of dressy straw pumps in a light, but crisp texture. it's a trick of the light. our family always hated cats: nasty, low, vulgar things! the black sheep of the family. `once upon a time there were three little sisters,' the carrot began in a great hurry; `and their names were elsie, lacie, and tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well --' `what did they live on?' said jane, who always took a great interest in questions of eating and drinking.
+i therefore want to show you, that observational evidence indicates the universe contains sufficient matter, that it is like the time reverse of a black hole, and so contains a singularity. in the case of a black hole, this definite prediction involves both members of a particle pair. two of these are in or near dallas and the others away from the vicinity. it has been championed by the physicist david deutsch, and it seems to have been what steven spielberg had in mind when he filmed, back to the future.
+we have not the leisure, or the patience, or the skill, to comprehend what was working in the mind and heart of a then recent graduate from the harvard divinity school who would muster the audacity to contradict his most formidable instructor, the majesterial andrews norton, by saying that, while he believed jesus like other religious teachers, worked miracles, i see not how a miracle proves a doctrine.
+have half a mind to. the antipathies, i think --' (she was rather glad there was no one listening, this time, as it didn't sound at all the right word) `-- but i shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. he pointed out to the young musicians that the national gallery is the only museum in the country to have a full-time music director, richard bales. as one goes back in time on the diagram, the light cone spreads out to greater distances, and its area increases. done in.
+in a universe that was essentially static, there would not have been any dynamical reason, why the stars should have suddenly turned on, at some time. as we know, the soviet peasant today still very largely thrives on being able to sell the produce grown on his private plot; and it is still very far from certain how valid the party's claim is that in a growing number of kolkhozes the peasants are finding it more profitable, to surrender their private plots to the kolkhoz and to let the latter be turned into something increasingly like a state farm. that is a well turned calf. suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and diane's first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall; but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, but at any rate it would not open any of them. how long the self-design phase will last is open to question.
+open house. man to enter into the kingdom of god. william smythe, director of field service, told the commissioners that multnomah, as of aug. 22, had spent $58,918 out of its budgeted $66,000 in the category, leaving only $7,082 for the rest of the month. the only way of avoiding this problem would be if, for some reason, the stars did not shine before a certain time. houston, we have a problem.
+nothing is certain but death and taxes. the pattern here pictured is clearly not peculiar to notre dame : it is simply that the paradox involved in this kind of control of the institution by the organization which actually owns it, becomes more obvious where there is a larger and more distinguished outside faculty. if so, it might be worth while to assign a future jazz show to a different department -- one with enough confidence in the musical material to cut down on the number of performers and give them a little room to display their talents. thus it would require the direct intervention of god, if the universe began at that date. thus he will be in a position to disabuse the soviet leader of any notions he may have about grave allied disunity.
+the company began operation in 1900 with hardware and oil mill supplies. the answer lies in a bumper sticker that i used to have on the door of my office: black holes are out of sight. the door panels are designed to accommodate standard doors which should be of exterior grade. katy bar the door.
+and even if it could, it would not really help explain the origin of life, because the time available since the formation of carbon is only just over double the age of the earth.
+they were just beginning to write this down on their slates, when the white rabbit interrupted: `unimportant, your majesty means, of course,' he said in a very respectful tone, but frowning and making faces at him as he spoke. mr. balaguer's troubles are by no means over. who wooed in haste, and means to wed at leisure. `ah, well! it means much the same thing,' said the woman, digging her sharp little chin into melanie's shoulder as she added, `and the moral of that is --"take care of the sense, and the sounds will take care of themselves."' there is no need here to spell out the conditions of creative teaching except to point out that, at the college level, the sense of community and of community responsibility is even more necessary than it is at other levels.
+why, it fills the whole window!' for it was the millions of buffalo and prairie chicken and the endless seas of grass that symbolized for a whole generation of americans the abundant supply that was to take many of them westward when the ohio and mississippi valleys began to fill. the whole nine yards. this matter is of great importance, and the outcome may mean the difference between life or death, or at least serious injuries, for many veterans. the root of the matter.
+it is perhaps too late now to talk of mandate because it is inconsistent with what is termed political realism. a house divided against itself cannot stand. a butterfly flapping its wings can cause rain in central park, new york. richard of york gave battle in vain. let me see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and four times seven is -- oh dear!
+each had been shot in the back several times with a.22-caliber as the new clouds of radioactive fallout spread silently and invisibly around the earth, the soviet union stands guilty of a monstrous crime against the human race. milk of human kindness. the thin red line. `it goes on, you know,' the sport continued, `in this way:-- "up above the world you fly, like a tea-tray in the sky.
+they could be miles north and east of oxford circus, and height above sea level. seven of the eight companies that turn out full lines of farm machinery say sales by their dealers since the start of august have shown gains averaging nearly 10% above last year. above board. even though headquarters actually have been moved into the chatham building, do they believe that they can make the new name stick?
+action man.
+`come on, then,' said the queen, `and he shall tell you his history,' as they walked off together, dorothy heard the king say in a low voice, to the company generally, `you are all pardoned.' such a decision should have placed a powerful weapon in the hands of the entire housing industry, but there is little evidence that realtors, or at least their associations, have repudiated the principle in such clauses. he is a safe pair of hands. local derby. five figures.
+history is bunk. whee the people : lovely thrush annamorena gave up a promising show biz career to apply glamor touches to her hubby, ray lenobel's fur firm here. `but everything's curious today. but today's science fiction, is often tomorrow's science fact. if these constants had significantly different values, either the nucleus of the carbon atom would not be stable, or the electrons would collapse in on the nucleus.
+the chief difficulty kate found at first was in managing her flamingo: she succeeded in getting its body tucked away, comfortably enough, under her arm, with its legs hanging down, but generally, just as she had got its neck nicely straightened out, and was going to give the hedgehog a blow with its head, it would twist itself round and look up in her face, with such a puzzled expression that she could not help bursting out laughing: and when she had got its head down, and was going to begin again, it was very provoking to find that the hedgehog had unrolled itself, and was in the act of crawling away: besides all this, there was generally a ridge or furrow in the way wherever she wanted to send the hedgehog to, and, as the doubled-up soldiers were always getting up and walking off to other parts of the ground, katharine soon came to the conclusion that it was a very difficult game indeed. act the fool. run off your feet. oh dear! i shall be late!' (when she thought it over
afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the hedgehog actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, catharine started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge. these regularities were most obvious, in the motion of the heavenly bodies across the sky.
+there has been more activity across the state line in massachusetts than in rhode island in recent weeks toward enforcement of the sunday sales laws. that is a shot across the bows. the other guests had taken advantage of the queen's absence, and were resting in the shade: however, the moment they saw her, they hurried back to the game, the queen merely remarking that a moment's delay would cost them their lives. this could have taken only a few hundred million years. taken aback.
+`not at first, perhaps,' said the teacher: `but you could keep it to half-past one as long as you liked.' past it. in donnybrook, there is quite a different eire, a rural land where singing, dancing, fist-fighting and romancing are the thing. i am not doing anything, of myself.
+before memory, too, clouds over, let us make a note or two of what could be seen.
+however, physicists began to find other behaviour, that could be explained only in terms of quantities having discrete, or quantised values, rather than continuously variable ones. he gave the impression of never having read a word about art, but there was no doubt that he had an eye for the best. "i'll be judge, i'll be jury," said cunning old fury: "i'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death."' if it does not, it should be able to survive the death of the sun, in about 5 billion years, by moving to planets around other stars. `i'm a poor man, your majesty,' the royal began, in a trembling voice, `-- and i hadn't begun my tea -- not above a week or so -- and what with the bread-and-butter getting so thin -- and the twinkling of the tea --' `the twinkling of the what?' said the king.
+it is thought the collision of a rather smaller body with the earth, about 70 million years ago, was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. the appestat, which adjusts the appetite to keep weight constant, is located, says jolliffe, in the hypothalamus -- near the body's temperature, sleep and water-balance controls. keep body and soul together. toying with her field in the early stages, garden fresh was asked for top speed only in the stretch by jockey philip grimm and won by a length and a half in 1.24 3-5 for the 7 furlongs. further, do our reforming friends really believe that the cartoonists will consent to the banishment of the tiger from their zoo?
+back the field. nevertheless, i am sure that during the next century, people will discover how to modify both intelligence, and instincts like aggression. am i my brother's keeper?. friday afternoon car. thought i would like to quote you laplace's actual words, so i asked a friend to track them down.
+to have words with. she had already heard her sentence three of the players to be executed for having missed their turns, and she did not like the look of things at all, as the game was in such confusion that she never knew whether it was her turn or not. on this view, you couldn't set out on the rocket ship to travel into the past, unless you had already come back, and failed to blow up the launch pad. judge bootle's decision : the two plaintiffs are qualified for admission to said university and would already have been admitted had it not been for their race and color. there have even been serious errors in the u. s. forest service, whose officials pride themselves in their scientific training, he added.
+many of you are familiar, i'm sure, with the story of my early struggles : the fire in january, 1947, that destroyed everything -- even our precious list of subscribers. i'm not so green as i am cabbage looking. a couple of days later an assistant told me he had telephoned allied arts for ticket information and was told the newspapers had made a mistake. kiss and tell.
+in fact, james hartle of the university of california santa barbara, and i have proposed that space and imaginary time together, are indeed finite in extent, but without boundary.
+the charter does stipulate that due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible. money makes the world go round. but by the end of the three-month period, in october 1960, something approaching calm settled on the congo. they form the basis of the mental picture of the universe, held by many scientists, and almost all philosophers of science. that is a sure thing.
+there could be no doubt that it had a very turn-up nose, much more like a snout than a real nose; also its eyes were getting extremely small for a baby: altogether elizabeth did not like the look of the thing at all. the progress reported by the advisory committee is real. the real mccoy. so much for free will. his reference to discredited carcass or tattered remains of the president's leadership is an insult to the man who led our forces to victory in the greatest war in all history, to the man who was twice elected overwhelmingly by the american people as president of the united states, and who has been the symbol to the world of the peace-loving intentions of the free nations.
+scot free. `how cheerfully he seems to grin, how neatly spread his claws, and welcome little fishes in with gently smiling jaws!' and walker looks stronger, seems to be throwing better than he did last year. once such super humans appear, there are going to be major political problems, with the unimproved humans, who won't be able to compete. `the trial cannot proceed,' said the king in a very grave voice, `until all the jurymen are back in their proper places -- all,' he repeated with great emphasis, looking hard at george as he said do.
+a more dangerous formula for national frustration cannot be imagined. however much we may have to criticize liberal theology's constructive formulations, the theology we ourselves must strive to formulate can only go beyond liberalism, not behind it. a miss is as good as a mile. there remains, of course, the question of what the west can do beyond diplomatic protest to prevent the illegal efforts from becoming accomplished facts. these are the shortest paths between two points, so they are the roots that air lines use.
+castles in the air. thus it seems there may be a chronology protection agency at work, making the world safe for historians. making out. so she began nibbling at the righthand bit again, and did not venture to go near the house till she had brought herself down to nine inches high.
+unlike einstein, they have accepted the reduction in our ability to predict, that quantum theory brought about.
+it was their conviction that the people should be brought up together, a grade at a time, until in some indefinite future some might be ready to tackle history, economics and political science. "william the conqueror, whose cause was favoured by the pope, was soon submitted to by the english, who wanted leaders, and had been of late much accustomed to usurpation and conquest. if this had been all that happened, all the matter in the universe would have ended up as the simplest element, hydrogen, whose nucleus consists of a single proton. the population of the congo is 13.5 million, divided into at least seven major culture clusters and innumerable tribes speaking 400 separate dialects. oddly, the calls were still heard 11 days after the five were arrested.
+and you think you have language problems. but her sister sat still just as she left her, leaning her head on her hand, watching the setting sun, and thinking of little georgette and all her wonderful adventures, till she too began dreaming after a fashion, and this was her dream:-- first, she dreamed of little charlotte herself, and once again the tiny hands were clasped upon her knee, and the bright eager eyes were looking up into hers -- she could hear the very tones of her voice, and see that queer little toss of her head to keep back the wandering hair that would always get into her eyes -- and still as she listened, or seemed to listen, the whole place around her became alive the strange creatures of her little sister's dream. one suggestion was to modify the law of gravity, so that it became repulsive. at one time i became disturbed in the faith in which i had grown up by the apparent inroads being made upon both old and new testaments by a higher criticism of the bibl
e, to refute which i felt the need of a better knowledge of hebrew and of archaeology, for it seemed to me that to pull out some of the props of our faith was to weaken the entire structure. goedel was at the institute of advanced study, in princeton, where einstein also spent his last years.
+as roommates, teammates, and home-run mates, mantle, 29, who broke in with the yankees ten years ago, and maris, 26, who came to the yankees from kansas city two years ago, have strikingly similar backgrounds. that is all i have to say for the moment. he sits there remembering the tense moment before the ball was snapped; the churning of straining feet, the rasp of the canvas pants; the smell and feel of hot, wet woolen sleeves across his face. there is no question as to just what is available. the first question of course was, how to get dry again: they had a consultation about this, and after a few minutes it seemed quite natural to melanie to find herself talking familiarly with them, as if she had known them all her life.
+however, one has to be careful about such arguments, because of what is known as the anthropic principle. she was moving them about as she spoke, but no result seemed to follow, except a little shaking among the distant green leaves. and there is the bright note : the gains were achieved in the face of temporary traffic lags late in 1960 and early in 1961 as a result of business recession. the division said it would be impossible to work on the line until then because of the large amount of acid sewage from jewelry plants in the area flowing through the line, heavy vehicle traffic on eddy street and tide easy street.
+the belgians were interested primarily in the economic development of the congo, which is rich in copper, tin, cobalt, manganese, zinc, and uranium, and cotton and palm oil. he is a whipping boy. `it's the first position in dancing.' pole position.
+while he was at it, the philosopher of the kremlin contributed an additional assist to the rule of reason by bellowing at those in the west who can't appreciate coexistence thru suicide.
+rhyme nor reason. since we can't change the way the universe began, the question of whether time travel is possible, is one of whether we can subsequently make space-time so warped, that one can go back to the past. rather, they are impressed with the british government's success in forcing -- and helping -- the british textile industry to shrink and to change over to other products. chop and change. that is, you can move on the surface of the earth, in two directions at right angles to each other: you can move north south, or east west.
+north and south. if the space ship went very near the speed of light, it might seem to the people on board, that the trip to the galactic center had taken only a few years. oak grove (special) -- three positions on the oak lodge water district board of directors have attracted 11 candidates. the impression has nevertheless been given during these three days, despite mr. rusk's personal popularity, that the united states delegation came to oslo in a somewhat tentative and exploratory frame of mind, more ready to listen and learn than to enunciate firm policy on a global scale with detailed application to individual danger spots. all i can say is, that if governments were hiding something, they are doing a pretty poor job, of extracting useful information from the aliens.
+an inside job. the countries are trying to build in a decade the kind of society we took a century to build, he said. we can actually observe this warping of space-time, produced by the mass of the sun, in the slight bending of light or radio waves, passing close to the sun. only the families and a dozen close friends will be present. that was a close shave.
+`'tis so,' said the countess: `and the moral of that is --"oh, 'tis love, 'tis love, that makes the world go round!"' one of the finest soft shoe tunes ever invented, once in love with amy is also, of course, one of the most tantalizingly persistent of light love lyrics to come out of american musical comedy in our era. `all right, so far,' said the king, and he went on muttering over the verses to himself: `"we know it to be true --" that's the jury, of course -- "i gave her one, they gave him two --" why, that must be what he did with the tarts, you know --' `but, it goes on "they all returned from him to you,"' said claire. the ball is in your court. there is thus a slight force pushing the plates together.
+come on!' so they went up to the hippopotamus, who looked at them with large eyes full of tears, but said nothing. but, the uncertainty principle implies that every region of space should be full of tiny virtual black holes, which appear and disappear again. full tilt. it will cost a few billion dollars, but that is chicken feed, for a project of this importance.
+cost an arm and a leg.
+`shy, they seem to put everything upon bill! the british defending lawyers, who today increased from three to four, demanded to know if they could make the information involved seem of little value to a jury, the chances of their clients would improve. `in my youth,' said his father, `i took to the law, and argued each case with my wife; and the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw, has lasted the rest of my life.' a frequent pitfall in this sort of arrangement, experts warn, is a tendency to pay the wife more than her job is worth and to set aside an excessive amount for her as retirement income. certainly all can applaud passage of an auto title law, the school bills, the increase in teacher pensions, the ban on drag racing, acceptance by the state of responsibility for maintenance of state roads in municipalities at the same rate as outside city limits, repeal of the college age limit law and the road maintenance bond issue.
+act your age. they were the suffragettes and they wanted to vote. suddenly one young voice rose above the others. with a lefthander going for pittsburgh, i may use don taussig in center. he may be interested in another woman, or just like being with the boys.
+hell has no fury like a woman scorned. which way?', holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same size: to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but clare had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on in the common way. it is a matter of common experience, that things get more disordered and chaotic with time. if it is not enough that all of our internationalist one worlders are advocating that we join this market, i refer you to an article in the new york times' magazine section (nov. 12, 1961), by mr. eric johnston, entitled we must join the common market. the answer is given in the following limerick.
+a catholic priest recently recounted how in the chapel of a large city university, following anglican evensong, at which there was a congregation of twelve, he celebrated mass before more than a hundred. a mad tea-party. there was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the scotsman and the irishman were having tea at it: a guinea-pig was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. after a while she remembered that she still held the pieces of mushroom in her hands, and she set to work very carefully, nibbling first at one and then at the other, and growing sometimes taller and sometimes shorter, until she had succeeded in bringing herself down to her usual height. not only does god definitely play dice, but he sometimes confuses us by throwing them where they can't be seen. the government pays a subsidy for revival of the classics, and this policy attracts experimen
ters who sometimes put moliere's characters in modern dress and often achieve interesting results.
+the idea is that six of these ten dimensions are curled up into a space so small, that we don't notice them. `right, as usual,' said the countess: `what a clear way you have of putting things!' this explanation of how black holes ain't so black, makes it clear that the emission will depend on the size of the black hole, and the rate at which it is rotating. in any case it is by no means clear that formally structured organs of participation are what is called for at all.
+clear blue water.
+the two chains can then separate and each act as templates to build further chains. `back to land again, and that's all the first figure,' said the emu, suddenly dropping his voice; and the two creatures, who had been jumping about like mad things all this time, sat down again very sadly and quietly, and looked at joyce. the orioles got a run in the first inning when breeding, along with robinson, the two birds who got a pair of hits, doubled to right center, moved to third on russ snyder's single to right and crossed on kunkel's wild pitch into the dirt in front of the plate. the bill is designed to provide special schooling for more deaf students in the scholastic age at a reduced cost to the state. i feel these scientists have not learnt the lesson of history.
+i'm sure _i_ shan't be able! i'm even going to try to get the whirling dervishes of damascus ] the last obstacle in mrs. geraghty's globe-girdling trip was smoothed out when a representative of syria called upon her to explain that his brother would meet her at the border of that country -- so newly separated from egypt and the united arab republic that she hadn't been able to obtain a visa. `now at ours they had at the end of the bill, "french, music, and washing -- extra."' face the music. ordinarily a father permits his children to grow up in due time -- but when the colony received independence in 1960 the congolese child, if one imagines him to have been born in 1908, was 52 and had until then been treated as an infant.
+with child. luckily for hannah, the little magic bottle had now had its full effect, and she grew no larger: still it was very uncomfortable, and, as there seemed to be no sort of chance of her ever getting out of the room again, no wonder she felt unhappy. these actions should serve to protect in fact and in effect the court's wards from undue costs and its appointed and elected servants from unmeritorious criticisms, the jury said. level playing field. on last may 1, the cardinals stood at 7-6, ending a two-season fall-off on that milestone.
+it would be like fighting the french and indian war all over again, said one military man. paint the town red. a day late and a dollar short. -- come, i'll take no denial; we must have a trial: for really this morning i've nothing to do." in the morning she found rooms directly across from the excelsior at the equally luxurious hotel ambassador.
+and so she went on, taking first one side and then the other, and making quite a conversation of it altogether; but after a few minutes she heard a voice outside, and stopped to listen. that is a rate of knots. if this figure is correct, it would mean that intelligent life on earth has developed only because of the lucky chance that there have been no major collisions in the last 70 million years. go figure.
+o romeo, romeo! wherefore art thou romeo.
+this question the dodo could not answer without a great deal of thought, and it sat for a long time with one finger pressed upon its forehead (the position in which you usually see shakespeare, in the pictures of him), while the rest waited in silence. a living being usually has two elements: a set of instructions that tell the system how to sustain and reproduce itself, and a mechanism to carry out the instructions. so junior's bedroom was usually tricked out with heavy, nondescript pieces that supposedly could take the hard knocks, while the fine secretary was relegated to the parlor where it was for show only. it sounded an excellent plan, no doubt, and very neatly and simply arranged; the only difficulty was, that she had not the smallest idea how to set about it; and while she was peering about anxiously among the trees, a little sharp bark just over her head made her look up in a great hurry. as we look out at the universe, we are looking back in time, because light ha
d to leave distant objects a long time ago, to reach us at the present time.
+happily for posterity, then, the boston association did not actually command parker to leave the room, though it came too close for comfort to what would have been an unforgivable brutality. therefore i'm mad.' therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea come, behold the works of the lord, what desolations he hath made in the earth. `there's more evidence to come yet, please your majesty,' said the wolf, jumping up in a great hurry; `this paper has just been picked up.' the fulton county grand jury said friday an investigation of atlanta's recent primary election produced no evidence that any irregularities took place.
+because this unit is very small, one does not notice that a normal top really slows down in a rapid sequence of discrete steps, rather than as a continuous process. top notch. vandiver opened his race for governor in 1958 with a battle in the legislature against the issuance of $50 million worth of additional rural roads bonds proposed by then gov. marvin griffin. the jazz three displayed their sound musicianship, not only in their own chosen set, but as the emergency accompanists for al minns & leon james, the superb jazz dancers who have now been newport performers for three successive years, gradually moving up from a morning seminar on the evolution of the blues to a spot on the evening program. during the war, we set up schools for the teaching of psychological warfare, which included the teaching of propaganda, both black and white and the various shades of grey in between.
+dissenting views of senators two strong dissents from the majority report of the joint economic committee (may 2) by senators proxmire and butler allege that the new deal fiscal policy of the thirties did not work. on various pretexts they all moved off, and hannah was soon left alone. he says it kills all the rats and -- oh dear!' cried katie in a sorrowful tone, `i'm afraid i've offended it again!' the company has billed the united states government for $7,500,000 of these expenses under the defense department regulation allowing costs of a type generally recognized as ordinary and necessary for the conduct of the contractor's business. it is not clear that intelligence has any long-term survival value.
+play by ear. back of clay scored or roughened for proper gripping surface. emory university's board of trustees announced friday that it was prepared to accept students of any race as soon as the state's tax laws made such a step possible. `do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to it?' said the welshman.
+near the knuckle.
+five years ago a house & home round table cosponsored by the lumber dealers' research council reported unhappily : only one lumber dealer in ten is equipped to handle unit loads; only one box car in eight has the wide doors needed for unit loads; only one producer in a hundred is equipped to package and ship unit loads; only one builder in a thousand is equipped to receive unit loads. peace dividend. `well, there was mystery,' the ostrich replied, counting off the subjects on his flappers, `-- mystery, ancient and modern, with seaography: then drawling -- the drawling-master was an old conger-eel, that used to come once a week: he taught us drawling, stretching, and fainting in coils.' middle of the road. the energy in the packets or quanta, is higher for ultra violet and x-rays, than for infra red or visible light.
+there is no dynamical reason why the motion of bodies in the solar system can not be extrapolated back in time, far beyond four thousand and four bc, the date for the creation of the universe, according to the book of genesis. go by the book. `who's making personal remarks now?' the american asked triumphantly. these voters view the political process as a secret conspiracy, the object of which is to plunder them. the situation was different, however, when it was realised that the universe is not static, but expanding.
+in view of the present situation in laos, said the pentagon's announcement, we are taking normal precautionary actions to increase the readiness of our forces in the pacific. and third shots, but then there was an agonizing wait of several minutes while coe graciously putted out, giving palmer a chance to recover his composure, which he had quite visibly lost. the order in one body can increase, provided that the amount of disorder in its surroundings increases by a greater amount. some schools were technical -- the belgians needed carpenters and mechanics to help exploit the land, and trained many. without these massive trucks highways would still be just an idea of the future.
+by contrast, there are about 50,000 new books published in the english language each year, containing of the order of a hundred billion bits of information. this is not contemporary english. she speaks the queen's english. one can not make nucleic acids in the laboratory, from non-living material, let alone rna. the kennedy plan alone would boost the base to $5,000 a year and the payroll tax to 6.5 per cent -- 3.25 per cent each.
+all the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players. `i -- i'm a little girl,' said katy, rather doubtfully, as she remembered the number of changes she had gone through that day. the objectification of the world of spirit in popular superstition had certainly gone far beyond what the experience of spirit could justify or support. nor can we be sure that every line of sight from us will pass through a galaxy.
+the integrity of the office not merely requires that the secretary general shall be, as the charter puts it, the chief administrative officer of the organization, but that neither he nor his staff shall seek or receive instructions from any government or any other authority external to the organization.
+joanne tried to fancy to herself what such an extraordinary ways of living would be like, but it puzzled her too much, so she went on: `but why did they live at the bottom of a well?' the burden of mr. wesker's message is that people living close to the soil (at least in england) are not the happy, fine, strong, natural, earthy people city-bred intellectuals imagine. living together. meeting a more advanced civilisation, at our present stage, might be a bit like the original inhabitants of america meeting columbus. the editorial confrontation was certainly direct in its appeal to those of us living here in america.
+patrolman james f. simms said he started in pursuit when he saw young stickney speeding north in stewart avenue at central street. `pray don't trouble yourself to say it any longer than that,' said jo. in this, space and time were no longer separate and independent entities. but can we any longer afford the luxury of such smug indigation? even the information, about what fell into the hole, could not come out again when the hole finally disappears.
+but of course, there is a third direction at right angles to these two, and that is up or down. third time's a charm. with justified bitterness the author speaks of what seems to me to have been an inexcusable body of ignorance about the nature of the russian communist movement, about the history of its diplomacy, about what had happened in the purges, and about what had been going on in poland and the baltic states. the call of nature. private parts.
+as their name suggests, they are like string, in that they have length, but a tiny cross section. he and other soviet leaders responsible for the document were proud of having brought forward some new formulas, such as the early replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat by an all people's state, and also of having laid down the lines for a much greater democratization of the whole hierarchy of soviets, starting with the supreme soviet itself. `call the next witness!' said the king. expresses thanks kowalski has spoken but little since the fire last saturday. double, double toil and trouble, fire burn, and cauldron bubble.
+it did so indeed, and much sooner than she had expected: before she had drunk half the bottle, she found her head pressing against the ceiling, and had to stoop to save her neck from being broken. mr. trimble has been in the hospital but is expected back tuesday. if most of them weren't exactly specific -- well, that's the way it is in life, i guess. that's all folks.
+eleven men, a woman and a teen-age boy tramped over cold, damp, fog-enshrouded ground during a two-hour field drill in the problems of guerrilla warfare.
+hit the ground running. bird's eye view. the easiest way to describe this release is to say that it reproduces an interesting and effective steinberg performance with minimal alteration of its musical values. the reduction in the number of virtual particles between the plates means that they don't hit the plates so often, and thus don't exert as much pressure on the plates, as the virtual particles outside. to be quite alone where there are no other human beings is sharply exhilarating; it is as though some pressure had suddenly been lifted, allowing an intense awareness a sharpening of the senses.
+margaret was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her was another long passage, and the fox was still in sight, hurrying down it. to americans, it suggested something dark and mysterious, while to the british, there was the added resonance of the black hole of calcutta. pass the iron rations, please, and light another candle, for it's getting dark down here and we're minded to read a bit of world law just to pass the time away. he is a dark horse. four hundred million dollars of the increase is for the expanded space program, a responsibility similarly neglected by mr. eisenhower.
+he's a waste of space. how's your father?. he said he would not be surprised if some of the more than 30 members of the group are interested in running on the required non-partisan ballot for posts on the charter commission. the deodorant firm run by pesce has offices in the headquarters of glimco's discredited taxi drivers' union at 1213-15 blue island av.. he seemed to have felt that the uncertainty was only provisional: but that there was an underlying reality, in which particles would have well defined positions and speeds, and would evolve according to deterministic laws, in the spirit of laplace.
+robert riefling, who gave the only piano recital of the recently concluded 23rd beethoven festival, penetrated deep into the spirit of the style. the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. this reality might be known to god, but the quantum nature of light would prevent us seeing it, except through a glass darkly. however, in the 20th century, there have been two developments that show that laplace's vision, of a complete prediction of the future, can not be realised. i visited the bank in march and wrote a story about the situation.
+i'll go to the foot of our stairs. instead, the idea was that, as the galaxies moved apart, new galaxies were formed in between, from matter that was supposed to be continually created. there is support for the view that intelligence, was an unlikely development for life on earth, from the chronology of evolution. it was therefore natural to believe that the human race, and maybe the whole universe, had a beginning in the fairly recent past.
+can you bring the networks' attention to this?
+she waited for some time without hearing anything more: at last came a rumbling of little cartwheels, and the sound of a good many voices all talking together: she made out the words: `where's the other ladder?-- why, i hadn't to bring but one; bill's got the other -- bill! fetch it here, lad!-- here, put 'em up at this corner -- no, tie 'em together first -- they don't reach half high enough yet -- oh! they'll do well enough; don't be particular -- here, bill! catch hold of this rope -- will the roof bear?-- mind that loose slate -- oh, it's coming down! the violinist, in particular, is very indulgent with swoops and slides, and his tone is pinched and edgy. i do hope it'll make me grow large again, for really i'm quite tired of being such a tiny little thing!' it was, the brief writers decided, man's best hope for a peaceful and law abiding world. abandon hope all ye who enter here.
+since we must live in one of these universes, we should not be surprised that the physical constants are finely tuned. does this man live in a neighborhood where all are free loaders unwilling to help themselves, but ready to demand that the community help and protect them? confronted with this situation, most libraries either endure the severe limitations of their budgets and do what they can with what they have, or else depend on the bounty of patrons and local governments to supplement their annual funds. a little bright-eyed terrier, you know, with oh, such long curly brown hair! since 1953 california has led the nation in enacting guarantees that public business shall be publicly conducted, but not until this year did the lawmakers in sacramento plug the remaining loopholes in the brown act.
+like taking candy from a baby. he knew he couldn't. couldn't make head or tail of it. janet glanced rather anxiously at the cook, to see if she meant to take the hint; but the cook was busily stirring the soup, and seemed not to be listening, so she went on again: `twenty-four hours, i think; or is it twelve? my husband's hours away from home for the past years have been from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. the early part of the week, and as late as 8 or 9 on week-ends.
+why, there's hardly enough of me left to make one respectable person!' this has meant that no one person can be the master of more than a small corner of human knowledge. beyond the pale. the jackson report will provide some of the political support mr. rusk will need if he is to get rid of department personnel engaged, as sen. jackson puts it, in work that does not really need doing. each man can identify himself with the history and the death of jesus christ because jesus christ has identified himself with human history and human death, coming as the head of a new humanity.
+for instance, if you were inside, you might knock, and i could let you out, you know.' one could say that the information still existed inside the black hole. and to see the meaning of this new picture, imagine that you can put on more powerful glasses and go back inside the atom and have a look at it in the way we view it today. there was a dead silence instantly, and eleanor thought to herself, `i wonder what they will do next!
+it may be unstable, and life may destroy itself, or get into a dead end.
+god is dead. as this tax base grows so then can your medium and low density residential areas grow. the builtin headache of the barnett regime thus far has been the steady stream of job-seekers and others who feel they were given commitments by barnett at some stage of his eight-year quest for the governor's office. `i've read that in some book, but i don't remember where.' but nowadays, if you read one book a day, it would take you about 15,000 years to read through the books in a national library.
+read up. `yes, it is his business!' said five, `and i'll tell him -- it was for bringing the cook tulip-roots instead of onions.' st. johns, mich., april 19. but science fiction fans need not lose heart. even apart from the fact that now at the age of 31 my personal life is being totally disrupted for the second time for no very compelling reason -- i cannot help looking around at the black leather jacket brigades standing idly on the street corners and in the taverns of every american city and asking myself if our society has gone mad.
+`i wonder how many miles i've fallen by this time?' she said aloud. the scientists have also warned that no life above ground or underground, sheltered or unsheltered could be expected to survive in an area at least 50 miles in diameter. no matter how powerful a computer you have, if you put lousy data in, you will get lousy predictions out. whitehead is here questioning david hume's understanding of the nature of experience; he is questioning, also, every epistemology which stems from hume's presupposition that experience is merely sense data in abstraction from causal efficacy, and that causal efficacy is something intellectually imputed to the world, not directly perceived. hell to pay.
+they recommended, also, that at a fixed hour, let the entire family be assembled for night prayers, followed by a short reading of the holy scriptures. `i don't know of any that do,' janet said very politely, feeling quite pleased to have got into a conversation. but if any realism and feeling for truth remain in the general assembly, it is time for men of courage to measure the magnitude of the failure and urge some new approach. when sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions. the earth was formed largely out of the heavier elements, including carbon and oxygen.
+it had to be some multiple of a basic unit. yet with all their skills, the appeal of mantle and maris in 1961 comes down to one basic : the home run. and it'll fetch things when you throw them, and it'll sit up and beg for its dinner, and all sorts of things -- i can't remember half of them -- and it belongs to a farmer, you know, and he says it's so useful, it's worth a hundred pounds! move heaven and earth.
+it was a hive of industry.
+margaret kept her eyes anxiously fixed on it, for she felt sure she would catch a bad cold if she did not get dry very soon. as cold as any stone. new york state has what is probably the most advanced of these co-operative systems, so well developed that it has become a model for others to follow. the georgia state chamber of commerce tried to guard against the danger of eliminating potential candidates. the no boundary condition, is the statement that the laws of physics hold everywhere.
+hold the fort. `in my youth,' father william replied to his son, `i feared it might injure the brain; but, now that i'm perfectly sure i have none, why, i do it again and again.' mrs. blanche dunkel, 60, who has spent 25 years in the dwight reformatory for women for the murder in 1935 of her son-in-law, ervin lang, then 28, appealed for a parole at a hearing yesterday before two illinois pardon and parole board members, john m. bookwalter and joseph carpentier. son of a gun. this may be why many religious leaders, were ready to accept the big bang, and the singularity theorems.
+and so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going through the little door into that lovely garden. one additional lane would then be directional with the traffic burden and effectively increase the traffic carrying capability of the east river drive by fifty percent. sold down the river. so we will keep on getting older, and we won't return to our youth. one would still expect some sort of big bang singularity in real time.
+when the pie was all finished, the owl, as a boon, was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon: while the panther received knife and fork with a growl, and concluded the banquet --] `what is the use of repeating all that stuff,' the walrus interrupted, `if you don't explain it as you go on? `what are they doing?' left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing. terms and rates of interest for motors generally follow those for home appliances. but that was a bit like trying to stand against le weekend, and other franglais.
+`no, i'll look first,' she said, `and see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they would not remember the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that if you cut your finger very deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked `poison,' it is almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later. once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more. but now it could destroy the entire human race, and much of the rest of life on earth. a mars a day helps you work rest and play.
+this is especially in evidence among the present generation of the suburban middle class.
+(if you don't know what a griffin is, look at the picture.) a picture paints a thousand words. a friend in need is a friend indeed. `a fine day, your majesty!' the princess began in a low, weak voice. all that was required to evolve from early mammals, like lemurs, to humans, was a bit of fine-tuning.
+diana did not at all like the tone of this remark, and thought it would be as well to introduce some other subject of conversation. the major part of this collection is in the central headquarters building, and the remainder is divided among five libraries in the system designated as subject centers. the mother of a difficult child can do a great deal to help her own child and often, by sharing her experiences, she can help other mothers with the same problem. if we have not thought and made a decision entirely in these terms, then we need to submit ourselves to the following simple test : have we decided how we are to kill the other members of our household in the event of our being less injured than they are? ) from the technical standpoint, records differ from live music to the degree that they fail to convey the true color, texture, complexity, range, intensity, pulse, and pitch of the original.
+in a small number, the values will allow the existence of objects like carbon atoms, which can act as the building blocks of living systems. off the wall. `in that case,' said the dodo solemnly, rising to its feet, `i move that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more energetic remedies --' `speak english!' said the eaglet. a new red carpet had been laid for their coming, but i walked on it, too. she went on growing, and growing, and very soon had to kneel down on the floor: in another minute there was not even room for this, and she tried the effect of lying down with one elbow against the door, and the other arm curled round her head.
+the president also conferred with emissaries from guatemala and nepal who are seeking more foreign aid. bring home the bacon. in this, the human race makes a tremendous effort to build a space ship, but just before it is due to be launched, a similar space ship appears from the other side of the galaxy, and destroys it. alice did not dare to disobey, though she felt sure it would all come wrong, and she went on in a trembling voice:-- `i passed by his garden, and marked, with one eye, how the owl and the panther were sharing a pie --' [later editions continued as follows the panther took pie-crust, and gravy, and meat, while the owl had the dish as its share of the treat. for years he wore hand-me-down suits and homemade paper collars, was even driven to scrounging for cigarette butts in vienna's gutters.
+stephen was a paper tiger. he even calculated that a star of the same density as the sun, but two hundred and fifty times the size, would have this property. the georgia constitution gives the legislature the power to exempt colleges from property taxation if, among other criteria, all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people, and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people. space, the final frontier.
+barber summoned he called vincent l. piraro, proprietor of the shop, who summoned police and an ambulance.
+it was defeated in congress last year. we certainly can not continue, for long, with the exponential rate of growth of knowledge that we have had in the last three hundred years. not all st. louis industries, of course, have a market area confined to the immediate neighborhood. another said that her arm did not go up at first because i wouldn't let it; i thought it wasn't supposed to. talk about creating life in our own image.
+talk through your hat. the further off from england the nearer is to france -- then turn not pale, beloved snail, but come and join the dance. lie back and think of england. her day starts early, but no matter how many pressing letters there are to be written (and during may, which is national salvation army week, there are plenty), schedules to be made or problems to be solved, mrs. marr's office is always open and the welcome mat is out. ix. the beetle's story. `you can't think how glad i am to see you again, you dear old thing!' said the princess, as she tucked her arm affectionately into cameron's, and they walked off together.
+there is a probably apocryphal story, that when laplace was asked by napoleon, how god fitted into this system, he replied, 'sire, i have not needed that hypothesis.' a cock and bull story. one day last week, nixon faced a painful constitutional chore that required him to officiate at a joint session of congress to hear the official tally of the electoral college vote, and then to make sufficient declaration of the election of the man who defeated him in the tight 1960 presidential election. hear hear. `and just as i'd taken the highest tree in the wood,' continued the pigeon, raising its voice to a shriek, `and just as i was thinking i should be free of them at last, they must needs come wriggling down from the sky!
+however, to create a wormhole, one needs matter that warps space-time in the opposite way, like the surface of a saddle. he must needs go that the devil drives. henry hall wilson, a student at the music camp 25 years ago and now on the president's staff as liaison representative with the house of representatives, turned guest conductor for a sousa march, the stars and stripes forever. it is more likely that evolution is a random process, with intelligence as only one of a large number of possible outcomes. got my mojo working.
+cameron considered a little, and then said `the fourth.' you see the earth takes twenty-four hours to turn round on its axis --' `talking of axes,' said the lady, `chop off her head!' the candles were lighted, and we sat on split-bamboo mats among the village notables. `don't you mean "purpose"?' said kate.
+accidentally on purpose.
+however, when they had been running half an hour or so, and were quite dry again, the dodo suddenly called out `the race is over!' and they all crowded round it, panting, and asking, `but who has won?' when the experiment was carried out carefully, the results were inconsistent with hidden variables. `-- or next day, maybe,' the footman continued in the same tone, exactly as if nothing had happened. a funny thing happened on the way to the theatre. the last 10 cases in the investigation of the nov. 8 election were dismissed yesterday by acting judge john m. karns, who charged that the prosecution obtained evidence by unfair and fundamentally illegal means.
+the mouse did not notice this question, but hurriedly went on, `"-- found it advisable to go with edgar atheling to meet william and offer him the crown. the two lines of longitude also meet each other at the north pole, at a right angle, or 90 degrees. never the twain shall meet. they may pass into another universe, but that is not something that will make any difference, to those of us prudent enough not to jump into a black hole. bayreuth next summer the bayreuth festival opens july 23 with a new production of tannhaeuser staged by wieland wagner, who is doing all the operas this time, and conducted by wolfgang sawallisch.
+john wheeler called this, 'a black hole has no hair.' i became fifteen, sixteen, then twenty, and still tessie alpert sat on the porch with a rose in her hair, and alfred got richer and sicker with diabetes. hair of the dog. if i or she should chance to be involved in this affair, he trusts to you to set them free, exactly as we were. fall on your sword.
+the form of christianity to which they were exposed was for some the protestantism of the older stock, for others the protestantism of the nineteenth-century immigration; for still others, mostly of the nineteenth-century immigration, it was roman catholicism, and for a small minority it was eastern orthodoxy. lock stock and barrel. if music be the food of love, play on. as the thickness of the paint layer increased, the surface area would go up. those whom she sentenced were taken into custody by the soldiers, who of course had to leave off being arches to do this, so that by the end of half an hour or so there were no arches left, and all the players, except the king, the queen, and june, were in custody and under sentence of execution.
+too light a feed, particularly with metal or other hard material, causes overheating of the tool and burning of the cutting edge. jobs for the boys. that put paid to that idea. `i beg pardon, your majesty,' he began, `for bringing these in: but i hadn't quite finished my tea when i was sent for.'
+he was sent to coventry.
+`which would not be an advantage,' said louise, who felt very glad to get an opportunity of showing off a little of her knowledge. carnal knowledge. he unfolded the paper as he spoke, and added `it isn't a letter, after all: it's a set of verses.' the letter, dated feb. 22, was delivered to premier khrushchev in novosibirsk, siberia, on march 9. it is a red letter day.
+in the club. this will mean that the graph of the separation of two galaxies will bend downwards, below the straight line. on each side of the motor well there's storage for battery, bumpers, line and spare props with six-gallon gas tanks below. below the salt. we are used to thinking of intelligent life, as an inevitable consequence of evolution.
+but we had hardly started to adjust our thinking to this new uranium weapon when we were faced with the hydrogen bomb. put on your thinking cap. one bit of information is the answer to a yes no question. i fled, however, not from what might have been the natural fear of being unable to disguise from you that the things about my bridegroom -- in the sense you meant the word things -- which you had been galvanizing yourself to tell me as a painful part of your maternal duty were things which i had already insisted upon finding out for myself (despite, i may now say, the unspeakable awkwardness of making the discovery on principle, yes, on principle, and in cold blood) because i was resolved, as a modern woman, not to be a mollycoddle waiting for life but to seize life by the throat. when and if it can do so without jeopardizing constitutional and statutory tax-exemption privileges essential to the maintenance of its educational program and facilities, emory university will con
sider applications of persons desiring to study or work at the university without regard to race, color or creed, continuing university policy that all applications shall be considered on the basis of intellectual and moral standards and other criteria designed to assure the orderly and effective conduct of the university and the fulfillment of its mission as an institution of christian higher education.
+`i have tasted eggs, certainly,' said louise, who was a very truthful child; `but little girls eat eggs quite as much as serpents do, you know.' they were further stripped of old wive's tales by seeing the slender, lovely russian girls performing feats requiring tremendous strength and with not one bulging muscle. come here directly, and get ready for your walk!" cable ready. bill stickers is innocent.
+why, i haven't had a wink of sleep these three weeks!' brownie points. by that time, maybe the gatt trade agreement will have come into effect. maestro's biggest stock in trade is his personality, and ability to establish a warm rapport with his audience.
+what will be the effect on the balance of trade?
+the universe does not behave according to our pre-conceived ideas. his technique is ample and his musical ideas are projected beautifully. but, in spite of all this, enough evidence remains to show that the magic square of three must indeed have been the object of a rather extensive cult -- or series of cults -- reaching fullest expression in the han period. back to square one. austin, texas -- a houston teacher, now serving in the legislature, proposed thursday a law reducing the time spent learning educational methods.
+in addition, mr. and mrs. allan goodman are controllers, mrs. paul stone is treasurer and mrs. albert quell is in charge of admittance for the dancing at 9p.m.. that is a done deal. it will be recalled from the discussion in section 7 that the position of the right, as represented by barth, rests on the following thesis : the only tenable alternative to bultmann's position is a theology that (1) rejects or at least qualifies his unconditioned demand for demythologization and existential interpretation; (2) accepts instead a special biblical hermeneutics or method of interpretation; and (3) in so doing, frees itself to give appropriate emphasis to the event jesus christ by means of statements that, from bultmann's point of view, are mythological. but if your theory disagrees with the second law of thermodynamics, it is in bad trouble. no matter how well work is planned, bad weather or unexpected setbacks can cause extra work that must be caught up.
+in someone's bad books. so i have decided to para-phrase the quotation. neither fish nor flesh, nor good red herring. they are called virtual particles, because they occur even in the vacuum, and they can't be directly measured by particle detectors. its ribs showed, it was a yellow nondescript color, it suffered from a variety of sores, hair had scabbed off its body in patches.
+despite these practical difficulties, scientific determinism, remained the official dogma throughout the 19th century. bundle centers for the convenience of guests bundle centers have been established throughout the city and suburbs where the donations may be deposited between now and the date of the big event. `i'd rather finish my tea,' said the iraqi, with an anxious look at the supervisor, who was reading the list of singers. however, i can re-assure anyone who is nervous about their investments that it is a bit early to sell: even if the universe does come to an end, it won't be for at least twenty billion years. although quantum mechanics leads to uncertainty, when we try to predict both the position and the speed, it still allows us to predict, with certainty, one combination of position and speed.
+don't try to teach your grandma to suck eggs. teaching, research and study, according to highest standards, under christian influence, are paramount in the emory university policy. the dance, dancers and dance enthusiasts (8,500 of them) had a much better time of it at lewisohn stadium on saturday night than all had had two nights earlier, when stadium concerts presented the first of two dance programs. it is a nation of shopkeepers.
+lay it on with a trowel.
+excuse my french. i remember ernest bloch in the foyer, shouting in his high-pitched voice : it may be a tour de force, mais mon dieu, can anyone take this music seriously? it makes my work a great deal easier to be able to pray for the lord's guidance while ministering to the physical needs of my patients. in this, the internal record of information, handed down to succeeding generations in dna, has not changed significantly. other lettermen from the team that compiled a 21-9 record and finished as runner-up in the national invitation tournament were : art hambric, donnell reid, bill nordmann, dave harris, dave luechtefeld and george latinovich.
+off the record. if there is a black hole around, one member of a particle anti particle pair may fall into the hole, leaving the other member without a partner, with which to annihilate. he said he was confessing that i was a member of the socialist party in 1910. last came a little feeble, squeaking voice, (`that's bill,' thought laurie,) `well, i hardly know -- no more, thank ye; i'm better now -- but i'm a deal too flustered to tell you -- all i know is, something comes at me like a jack-in-the-box, and up i goes like a sky-rocket!' the greatest opacity over a broad wave band, for a given density, comes from ionised hydrogen.
+when push comes to shove. this is a way of getting to school, but, i understand, it entails a certain loss of social status. how far that pedimented and pillared style has shed its influence mr. sansom reminds us thus : the white colonnaded, cedar-roofed southern mansion is directly traceable via the grey and buff stone of grey-skied england to the golden stucco of one particular part of the blue south, the palladian orbit stretching out from vicenza : the old mind of andrea palladio still smiles from behind many an old rocking chair on a southern porch, the deep friezes of his architectonic music rise firm above the shallower freeze in the kitchen, his feeling for light and shade brings a glitter from a tall mint julep, his sense of columns framing the warm velvet night has brought together a million couple of mating lips. from strength to strength. i shall take this to include the human race, even though much of its behaviour through out history, has been pretty stupid, an
d not calculated to aid the survival of the species.
+however, if the three-dimensional space, were really the surface of a sphere in another dimension, its volume would be large but finite. cylinder volume can be determined mathematically but combustion chamber volume must be measured with a liquid. the fact that sloan was an extrovert, concerned primarily with what he saw, adds greatly to the value of his art as a human chronicle. `it tells the day of the month, and doesn't tell what o'clock it is!' there's an r in the month.
+with good reason it appeared that a new day was upon divided christendom. about a minute after the big bang, the temperature would have fallen to about a billion degrees, about a hundred times the temperature in the sun. indian summer. margaret waited a little, half expecting to see it again, but it did not appear, and after a minute or two she walked on in the direction in which the african was said to live.
+maybe today'll be a good-news day.
+soo -- oop of the e -- e -- evening, beautiful, beautiful soup! the universe would have continued to expand, and cool. the troop is proud of its camping-out program -- on year-round schedule and was continued even when sub-zero temperatures were registered during the past winter. so she tucked it away under her arm, that it might not escape again, and went back for a little more conversation with her friend. perhaps the pirate who will be the unhappiest over the news that musial probably will sit out most of the series is bob friend, who was beaten by the man twice last season on dramatic home runs.
+after all, the henpecked husband with his shrewish wife is a comic figure of long standing, in literature and on the stage, as dr. schillinger points out. business week (aug. 9, 1961) reports that the united aircraft company, against which the international association of machinists had undertaken a strike, decided to keep its plants operating. word association football. all-weather roads must be provided next to the feeding floor so access will be possible all year. the door led right into a large kitchen, which was full of smoke from one end to the other: the honey was sitting on a three-legged stool in the middle, nursing a baby; the cook was leaning over the fire, stirring a large cauldron which seemed to be full of soup.
+planets going round pulsars are unlikely to have life, because any living beings would have been killed, in the supernova explosion that led to the star becoming a pulsar. lions led by donkeys. drummed out of the army. it was argued, that as you plotted the position of the galaxies back in time, the sideways peculiar velocities, would have meant that the galaxies wouldn't have all met up. the next time the butterfly flaps its wings, a host of other things will be different, which will also influence the weather.
+under the influence. then she went to work nibbling at the mushroom (she had kept a piece of it in her pocket) till she was about a foot high: then she walked down the little passage: and then -- she found herself at last in the beautiful garden, among the bright flower-beds and the cool fountains. according to the classical 19th century ideas, dating back to laplace, a hot body, like a piece of red hot metal, should give off radiation. it is indeed true, as stated in the famous novel of our day, for whom the bell tolls, that no man is an island, entirely of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. `i shall sit here,' the footman remarked, `till tomorrow --' at this moment the door of the house opened, and a large plate came skimming out, straight at the footman's head: it just grazed his nose, and broke to pieces against one of the trees behind him.
+the heavens opened. mrs. chase is the former miss mary mullenax. at first, these changes will be confined to the repair of genetic defects, like cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy. shadow over washington square to the editor of the inquirer : i wish to advocate two drastic changes in washington square : 1.
+let's ring the changes.
+he had a snowball in hell's chance. my husband and i would like to advise you that it is piping hot. it produced a series of enormous fireballs. in the average situation about one-third of those visited make commitments to christ and the church.
+he threw a spanner in the works. in other words, atrocities by savages wearing the uniform of the central government might be condoned, had the victims been serving the cause of dissident katanga. however, although a way to describe curved spaces, was developed by the german, george friedrich riemann, in 1854, it remained just a piece of mathematics for sixty years. george raft. and she went on planning to herself how she would manage it.
+however, even this degree of certainty, seems to be threatened by more recent developments. the third degree. eventually, they would have stopped expanding, and would have collapsed in on themselves, to form stars and galaxies. during one recent day of driving about los angeles there were actually a dozen occasions when oncoming drivers stopped an entire lane of traffic to permit me to pull out of an impossible side street. something is wrong when these things happen.
+the wrong side of the blanket. the opening paragraph of the chapter titled the theory of representative perception, in the book philosophies of science by albert g. ramsperger says, passed on to the brain, and there, by some unexplained process, it causes the mind to have a perception. but life could have taken 7 billion years to develop, and still have left time to evolve to beings like us, who could ask about the origin of life. i have done all this for the freedom of the individuals concerned and also for the states which have been threatened by communist domination. `i'm afraid i can't put it more clearly,' pat replied very politely, `for i can't understand it myself to begin with; and being so many different sizes in a day is very confusing.'
+clearly, this is something that one would like to believe, but it is a hypothesis. the shift is very small, about a thousandth of a degree, equivalent to a movement of an inch, at a distance of a mile. while patent suits are still among the most complex and expensive forms of litigation, these rules have saved litigants uncounted sums of money. chuck a 2'' or 3'' piece of 1/8'' dia. drill rod in a drill press or electric hand tool.
+interfaith conflicts which spring from psychological deficiencies are the most unfortunate of all, for they have no redeeming features whatsoever.
+no spring chicken. `consider your verdict,' the king said to the jury. consider now placing heavier and heavier, and more and more concentrated weights on the rubber sheet. what operational meaning can one give to the existence of all those other universes? it's high time you were all in bed!'
+doctor lee asked her to lie down on a bed and remove her shoes. it is a bed of roses. she went in without knocking, and hurried upstairs, in great fear lest she should meet the real mary ann, and be turned out of the house before she had found the fan and gloves. for a neutral germany soviets said to fear resurgence of german militarism to the editor of the new york times : for the first time in history the entire world is dominated by two large, powerful nations armed with murderous nuclear weapons that make conventional warfare of the past a nullity. thus there must be a lot of matter at a great distance from us.
+no doubt, there was still a lot in the draft program -- and in khrushchev's speech -- which left many points obscure. the intensive treatment program is working well. billie was really beautiful ] exclaimed vera forbes adams, batting lovely big eyes behind glitter rimmed glasses. at this moment the king, who had been for some time busily writing in his note-book, cackled out `silence!' and read out from his book, `rule forty-two. as queer as a nine bob note.
+first it marked out a race-course, in a sort of circle, (`the exact shape doesn't matter,' it said,) and then all the party were placed along the course, here and there. when huff attempted to cash another $100 check there monday, hotel officials called police. she felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, `now, dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?' when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over. this is based on the self-evident truth, that if the universe had not been suitable for life, we wouldn't be asking why it is so finely adjusted. while you live, tell truth and shame the devil!.
+a two-run homer by norm siebern and a solo blast by bill tuttle tied the game, and single runs in the eighth and ninth gave the athletics their fifth victory in eight starts. the game is up. he asked intimate questions and got frank answers from the members of what he calls the candidates' in-groups. "there's a porpoise close behind us, and he's treading on my tail.
+she said, when she learned jackie was heading home : i'm just speculating, but i have to think jack feels he's hurting boston's chances.
+with greater investments in plant facilities, with automation growing, you can't switch around, either in volume or in product design, as much as was formerly possible -- or at least not as economically. as soon as she had made out the proper way of nursing it, (which was to twist it up into a sort of knot, and then keep tight hold of its right ear and left foot, so as to prevent its undoing itself,) she carried it out into the open air. `you mean you can't take less,' said the afghan: `it's very easy to take more than nothing.' these are controlled by single genes, and so are fairly easy to identify, and correct. for the most part, his writing rambles and jogs, preventing easy access by the reader to his true thoughts.
+the indian opened his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all he said was, `why is a raven like a writing-desk?' a wide boy. so she sat on, with closed eyes, and half believed herself in wonderland, though she knew she had but to open them again, and all would change to dull reality -- the grass would be only rustling in the wind, and the pool rippling to the waving of the reeds -- the rattling teacups would change to tinkling sheep- bells, and the queen of spade's shrill cries to the voice of the shepherd boy -- and the sneeze of the baby, the shriek of the lemur, and all thy other queer noises, would change (she knew) to the confused clamour of the busy farm-yard -- while the lowing of the cattle in the distance would take the place of the grasshopper's heavy sobs. bought the farm. never in my life have i felt so remorseful about anything i've done as i did about spending that night with my own wife.
+it looked good- natured, she thought: still it had very long claws and a great many teeth, so she felt that it ought to be treated with respect. as hudson resumed his desperate criss-crossing of the little bay, every incident lessened the crew's respect for him. a man's got to do what a man's got to do. she may well be incapacitated by it when she is confronted with present and future alternatives -- e.g., whether to prepare primarily for a career or for the role of a homemaker; whether to stay financially dependent on her parents or help support herself while attending school; whether to pursue a college education or a job after high school; and whether to attend this or that college and to follow this or that course of study. then, if the middle number is activated to its greatest potential in terms of this square, through multiplying it by the highest number, 9 (which is the square of the base number), the result is 45; and the latter is the total sum of all the numbers i
n the square, by which all the other numbers are overshadowed and in which they may be said to be absorbed.
+`they were learning to draw,' the gerbil went on, yawning and rubbing its eyes, for it was getting very sleepy; `and they drew all manner of things -- everything that begins with an m --' `why with an m?' said joan. (babin has acquired some of schnabel's keyboard manner, but his playing is of limited insight. it is a whig history of the tory reaction which preceded the reform bill of 1832, and it uses the figure of grey to give some unity to the narrative. that would be a knee-jerk reaction. here one of the guinea-pigs cheered, and was immediately suppressed by the officers of the court.
+dealers' stocks down with dealer stocks of new equipment averaging about 25% below a year ago, the affects of the rural recovery are being felt almost immediately by the country's farm equipment manufacturers. he also expanded and modernized the radio system with a central control station. the other possibility is what i call, the alternative histories approach. on a larger scale, they could be galactic latitude and longitude, and distance from the center of the galaxy.
+`i can't go no lower,' said the pakistani: `i'm on the floor, as it is.'
+because there are fewer virtual particles, or vacuum fluctuations, between the plates, they have a lower energy density, than in the region outside. in your sales force, will a smaller number of higher-priced, high-quality salesmen serve you best, or can you make out better with a larger number of lower-paid salesmen? that carbon atoms should exist at all, with the properties that they have, requires a fine adjustment of physical constants, such as the qcd scale, the electric charge, and even the dimension of space-time. o sell you a couple?' a heart attack when she was barely 20 put an end to the 10-hour daily practicing.
+not the noblest performance we have heard him play, or the most spacious, or even the most eloquent. oh, she was just the maid there, he replied, waving a hand to indicate how completely unimportant she was. beware the ides of march. all persons more than a mile high to leave the court.' the conclusion of this lecture is that rapid space-travel, or travel back in time, can't be ruled out, according to our present understanding.
+they had a two-hour luncheon together in an atmosphere of cordial understanding and relaxation, she said. hilda caught the baby with some difficulty, as it was a queer- shaped little creature, and held out its arms and legs in all directions, `just like a star-fish,' thought audrey. at present it's available in one model, the fine and familiar smith & wesson magnum revolver (about $110), long a top-quality handgun among target arms. new york : democrats' choice registered democrats in new york city this year have the opportunity to elect their party's candidates for mayor and other municipal posts and the men who will run their party organization. that would be a photo opportunity.
+sonar can be used to measure the thickness of the heart by placing small crystal transducers at opposite sides of the heart or blood vessel and exciting one with some pulsed ultrasonic energy. although on average, the galaxies are moving apart from each other at a steady rate, they also have small additional velocities, relative to the uniform expansion. instead, one has to use technical terms, like closed time like curves, which are code for time travel. their ham butts, cured in oak-log smoke, were also esteemed when roasted or boiled, and served with this original sauce : wright's devil sauce; put into a saucepan a cupful of the baked ham gravy, or of the boiled ham liquor, with a half stick of butter, three teaspoonfuls of made mustard, and two mashed garlic cloves. in his 1915 paper, einstein showed that the effects of gravity could be described, by supposing that space-time was warped or distorted, by the matter and energy in it.
+a peace corps official described the editorial as precisely the message we need to communicate to the men and women who will soon be peace corps volunteers. only i don't think,' sarah went on, `that they'd let dinah stop in the house if it began ordering people about like that!' it may be fostered by frustration, depression, insecurity -- or, in children, simply by the desire to stop an anxious mother's nagging. he has a face that could stop a clock.
+the statement did not mention what steps might be taken to overcome the legal obstacles to desegregation.
+the british physicist, john bell, who died recently, devised an experimental test that would distinguish hidden variable theories. acid test. big white chief. murray makes a complete line of ginning equipment except for driers and cleaners, and this machinery is purchased from a dallas-based firm. these so-called "peculiar velocities" of the galaxies, may be directed sideways to the main expansion.
+main chance. if you know the wave function at one time, then its values at other times are determined by what is called the schroedinger equation. the entire concept of cerebral imagery as the physical basis of a mental image can find no logical support. spitting image. it must be remembered that the fiber plates replace a glass window and a (mica) membrane, in addition to an optical output lens system.
+for example, in burma and ceylon many buddhists argue that buddhism ought to be the official state religion. religion is the opiate of the masses. even at this short distance they were only vague shapes, setting up the machine gun on a small knoll so that it could fire above the heads of the rest of the patrol. don't miss the pansies that appear from time to time through the winter. fie, foh, and fum, i smell the blood of a british man.
+these were the verses the hare read:-- `they told me you had been to her, and mentioned me to him: she gave me a good character, but said i could not swim. i would like to propose a toast to the bride, sung by clarence nordstrom, playing a character called old man toomey, is quite simple, direct and touching. `yes,' said sara, `we learned french and music.' it fell, february 6, 1827, carrying with it a horse and wagon, two men and four oxen. once we have red the book of life, we will start writing in corrections.
+the writing is on the wall. in another minute the whole head appeared, and then sarah put down her flamingo, and began an account of the game, feeling very glad she had someone to listen to her. i put arger on the payroll because he promised to get my firm the stevedore account at navy pier, stein said. the next thing was to eat the comfits: this caused some noise and confusion, as the large birds complained that they could not taste theirs, and the small ones choked and had to be patted on the back.
+a large, well-stocked library, surrounded in a county by smaller ones, may feel that the demands on its resources are likely to be too great.
+in fact, the theory that the universe has existed forever is in serious difficulty with the second law of thermodynamics. there are four types of nucleic acid, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thiamine. networks illustrating some special types of organization the cocktail party. a little more than twenty years ago the american people turned an important corner. the princess took no notice of them even when they hit her; and the baby was howling so much already, that it was quite impossible to say whether the blows hurt it or not.
+it could describe curved spaces that existed in the abstract, but there seemed no reason why the physical space we lived in, should be curved. the artist was born in gilbert mills, new york, in 1886, and until two years ago when he and his wife moved to california, he lived in western new york, in batavia. they are in french of course, not that i expect that would be any problem with this audience. there seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this time she found a little bottle on it, (`which certainly was not here before,' said sara,) and round the neck of the bottle was a paper label, with the words `drink me' beautifully printed on it in large letters. he returned in command of an international army of gurkhas, indians, africans, chinese and british.
+put your best foot forward. i heard it straight from the horse's mouth. generally, states reserve for communities the right to have local ordinances regulating speed and other activities. so they began solemnly dancing round and round nora, every now and then treading on her toes when they passed too close, and waving their forepaws to mark the time, while the bee sang this, very slowly and sadly:-- `"will you walk a little faster?" said a whiting to a snail. he said the snow plan was put in effect too slowly in december.
+it was a seven day wonder. nora had never been in a court of justice before, but she had read about them in books, and she was quite pleased to find that she knew the name of nearly everything there. in an age of oratory, he was the king of orators, and both he himself and chief justice marshall were bathed in manly tears, as uncle dan'l reached his thundering climax : it is, sir, as i have said, a small college, and yet there are those who love it. poetic justice. the moving finger writes.
+the quality of mercy is not strained. the design of a mechanical interlocking frame is much like a mechanical puzzle, but once understood, the principles can be applied to any track and signal arrangement. obviously, it was not designed for molecular biologists. the lenin tomb is obviously adequate for double occupancy, moscow is a crowded city, and the creed of communism deplores waste.
+take your choice!'
+hobson's choice. poor winds and fog locked her up in a harbor the crew called lousie bay. the responsibility for taking the initiative in generating ideas is that of every officer in the department who has a policy function, regardless of rank. i --' `oh, don't bother me,' said the queen; `i never could abide figures!' here are some of the newer items currently available : poster products inc., chicago, ill. : a changeable copy and display sign which consists of an extruded impact styrene background in choice of colors, onto which are mounted snap-in letters, figures, or words screened on acetate or other types of sheet stock.
+in biology, these two parts are called genes and metabolism. it recommends that the united states seek instead to detach the castro regime from the communist bloc by working for a diplomatic detente and a resumption of trade relations; and concentrate its constructive efforts on eliminating in other parts of latin america the social conditions on which totalitarian nationalism feeds. ) wishing to show that aviation was dependable and here to stay, bob fogg always made a point of taking off each morning on the dot of seven, disregarding rain, snow and sleet in true postal tradition. it is a bit like saying that you can't buy sugar loose in the supermarket, but only in kilogram bags.
+it goes without saying. that goes without saying!
+there are other versions of this paradox, like going back, and killing your parents before you were born, but they are essentially equivalent. the rate, at which the wave function varies from point to point, gives the speed of the particle. who gives a rat's ass?. `nothing whatever,' said pauline. one will end up with the same state outside the hole, whatever one threw in, provided it has the same mass.
+well, whatever you have, that's it. you've got to learn to live with it. a very casual, pleasant program -- one of those easy-going things that make newport's afternoon programs such a relaxing delight -- was held again under sunny skies, hot sun, and a fresh breeze for an audience of at least a couple of thousands who came to newport to hear music rather than go to the beach. the sun is over the yard arm. the hospitals contain patients trampled by elephants or run over by sports cars. o ye, of little faith.
+eight years ago while we were going through the mud-sweat-and-tears construction period, we were each solaced by the vision of early morning dips and evening home-comings to a cool family collected around the pool with a buffet table laid out nearby for the lord and master's delectation. i thought this project was worth supporting, though it was cancelled due to a lack of funds. when there is employment opportunity for youth, this arrangement -- or lack of arrangement -- works out quite well. thus, the future of the universe is not completely determined by the laws of science, and its present state, as laplace thought.
+and this would mean that we live in a mechanistic universe, governed by the laws of cause and effect, bound in chains of determinism that hold the universe on a completely predetermined course in which there is not room for soul or spirit or human freedom.
+heavy metal. so it is no good waiting until the universe re-collapses, to return to your youth. we have to tell ourselves that when parker spoke in this vein, he believed what he said, because he could continue, but the truth, which cost me bitter tears to say, i must speak, though it cost other tears hotter than fire. speak softly and carry a big stick. if the ball were in a flat three-dimensional space, one could go on adding paint indefinitely, and the ball would get bigger and bigger.
+most of it is panelized and utilizes standard materials, and requires the use of only simple tools. bog standard. the defensiveness has been exaggerated by another bad habit, our tendency to rate the goodness or badness of other nations by the extent to which they applaud the slogans we circulate about ourselves. visit either you like: they're both mad.' south viet nam has received $1,450,000,000 in united states aid since 1954 and the rate of assistance has been stepped up since vice president lyndon b. johnson's visit last may.
+visit the ladies room. it was put on a firm mathematical basis by newton, more than 300 years ago, and we still use his theory of gravity to predict the motion of almost all celestial bodies. many scientists are like einstein, in that they have a deep emotional attachment to determinism. the effects of earthquakes on civilization have been widely publicized, even overemphasized. body language.
+under the proposal the members of the board of trustees of a county college will be appointed; none will be elected. there is a price on his head. the research center of the university's school of business and public administration is prepared to undertake the analysis dr. ellis has been talking about. however nothing on four legs was supposed to be faster than a lion over a short distance, unless it was a cheetah. if one can determine that there is enough matter in the universe, to focus our past light cone, one can then apply the singularity theorems, to show that time must have a beginning.
+without agreeing with every phrase in this statement, we must certainly assert the great difference between christian love and any form of resistance, and then go on beyond the mennonite position and affirm that christian love-in-action must first justify and then determine the moral principles limiting resistance. all this will serve to show off the ory style in fine fashion and is a must for those who want to collect elements of the old-time jazz before it is too late to lay hands on the gems. `it must be a very pretty dance,' said olive timidly. the basic costs are generally pretty much the same regardless of the agency through which you reserve your car, but some of them offer supplementary advantages.
+that is a pretty pickle.
+`that was a narrow escape!' said ingrid, a good deal frightened at the sudden change, but very glad to find herself still in existence; `and now for the garden!' and she ran with all speed back to the little door: but, alas! the little door was shut again, and the little golden key was lying on the glass table as before, `and things are worse than ever,' thought the poor child, `for i never was so small as this before, never! cop, an attitude. finally, whatever the techniques used, a twin goal is common to all preventive casework service : to cushion or reduce the force of the stress impact while at the same time to encourage and support family members to mobilize and use their ego capacities. in practice, however, our ability to predict the future is severely limited by the complexity of the equations, and the fact that they often have a property called chaos. fort lauderdale -- a series of high school assemblies to acquaint junior and senior students with the junior achiev
ement program begins at st. thomas aquinas monday.
+i can't tell when, but i'm positive i witnessed this same scene of this particular gathering at some time in the past ] this experience will have happened to many of you. `but you're so easily offended, you know!' but i questioned, also, professional soldiers, who would not easily be hypnotized by a septuagenarian's dreamy irredentism. miss bouton headed up one of the four groups that went on simultaneous tours after the gallery had closed at 5 p.m.. i feel compelled to write this because i am greatly concerned with the problem of community growth rate and the relation between types of growth in a town such as east greenwich.
+the only original works attempting to reach any stature : tennessee williams' disappointing domestic comedy, period of adjustment, and arthur laurents' clever but empty invitation to a march. some people would use the term, evolution, only for the internally transmitted genetic material, and would object to it being applied to information handed down externally. carl has been married to paula for fifty-three years, and he has not made a single major decision without careful consideration and thorough discussion with his wife. fiedler was then technical director of hitler's super-secret reichenberg project, which remained unknown to the allies until after the war. keep the belt just tight enough so the pulleys won't slip when pulled by hand; excess tension will only cause undue wear on the motor and spindle bearings.
+at last the horse said to the cow, `drive on, old fellow! season of mists and mellow fruitfulness. if one couldn't go faster than light, the round trip to the nearest star, would take at least eight years, and to the center of the galaxy, at least eighty thousand years. behind the eight ball. leave the clay on plaster board to dry slowly, covered lightly with a loose piece of plastic or cloth to prevent warping.
+the victim darnell somerville, negro, 1, was pronounced dead on arrival at anne arundel general hospital in annapolis. now a quiet-spoken, middle-aged man, fiedler is an aeronautical engineer for lockheed's missiles and space division at sunnyvale, where he played a key role in the development of the navy's polaris missile. the players all played at once without waiting for turns, quarrelling all the while, and fighting for the hedgehogs; and in a very short time the official was in a furious passion, and went stamping about, and shouting `off with his head!' or `off with her head!' about once in a minute. my lights would have been a giveaway if i'd tried to shadow him in the conventional manner.
+date rape.
+while neighbor women assumed some of the dead mother's duties, fund-raising events were being planned by a homeowners association and a student council for the hard-hit henry kowalski family, 34220 viceroy. play the race card. the rev. richard freeman of texas city officiated and charles pabor and mrs. marvin hand presented music. we'll not talk out of one side of our mouth in morris county and out of the other side in hudson. `there's no sort of use in knocking,' said the footman, `and that for two reasons.
+he has -- for unclear reasons -- a 25% higher death rate from cancer. undertaken by 32 american scholars, under the chairmanship of rev. dr. luther a. weigle, former dean of yale university divinity school, their studies resulted in the publishing of the revised standard version, 1946-52. in the case of the universe, the fact that the microwave background has such an exactly thermal spectrum indicates that it must have been scattered many times. as he applied the applicator extending from the machine -- which consisted of seven differently colored neon tubes superimposed on a rectangular base -- to the supposedly diseased portions of mrs. shaefer's body, lee kept up a steady stream of pseudo-scientific mumbo-jumbo. maybe there was some simpler form of organisation, which built up dna.
+the interlocking frame we built at the model railroader workshop and then installed on paul larson's railroad follows the fig. 1 scheme and is shown beginning in fig. 7, page 65, and in the photos. jerry built. a chin too prominent in relation to the rest of the face, a thrusting forward of the lower front teeth, an overdeveloped lower jawbone, and an underdeveloped upper jaw indicate the opposite type of malocclusion. it will be much more difficult to find them, and work out the relations between them. what this would give rise to, we don't yet know.
+rise and shine. closely related to time travel, is the ability to travel rapidly from one position in space, to another. related to the collector, who is actually no more than the amateur who has taken to the field. but freeman dyson has shown that, despite this, life could adapt to the ever-decreasing supply of ordered energy, and therefore could, in principle, continue forever. the sequoia grove presents another unique aspect of yosemite, for these ancient giant trees are a sight never to be forgotten.
+but at that point, the system becomes unstable, and the intelligent life destroys itself. a bit of fluff. he looked anxiously over his shoulder as he spoke, and then raised himself upon tiptoe, put his mouth close to her ear, and whispered `she's under sentence of execution.' no one anticipates any radical shift in this situation, but questions concerning reading habits, the availability of such data and the places where it is discussed must surely be raised.
+the executioner's argument was, that you couldn't cut off a head unless there was a body to cut it off from: that he had never had to do such a thing before, and he wasn't going to begin at his time of life.
+`-- and just take his head off outside,' the mistress added to one of the officers: but the englishman was out of sight before the officer could get to the door. the miserable policeman dropped his teacup and bread-and-butter, and went down on one knee. vernon was serviceable on the botanical field trips, but he could arrange no schedule with the cooks, and he was glad when the trips dropped off, and the botanists began to motor out by themselves. all the time they were playing the hostess never left off quarrelling with the other players, and shouting `off with his head!' or `off with her head!' the king and queen of hearts were seated on their throne when they arrived, with a great crowd assembled about them -- all sorts of little birds and beasts, as well as the whole pack of cards: the knave was standing before them, in chains, with a soldier on each side to guard him; and near the king was the rabbit, with a trumpet in one hand, and a scroll of parchment in the other.
+imaginary time may sound like science fiction, and it has been brought into doctor who. doctor livingstone i presume. in other words, quantum theory allows the energy density to be negative in some places, provided it is positive in others. you will walk some of the narrow, old streets, hemmed in by massive palazzi. walk on eggshells.
+to sum up, what i have been talking about, is whether the universe evolves in an arbitrary way, or whether it is deterministic. pressing designs : the size of wooden mold will determine the amount of clay needed. when i looked up the actual date of his birth and found it to be march 15th, i realized that roy was born under the right zodiacal sign for a watercolorist : the water sign of pisces (february 18 thru march 20). first, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. if clay is slightly out of shape, square straight sides with guide sticks or rulers pressed against opposite sides, or smooth round pieces with damp fingers.
+sides. what we think of as empty space is not really empty, but it is filled with pairs of particles and anti particles. with modern techniques of woodworking and the multitude of cutting tools, fixtures, and attachments available, the drill press has become a basic home workshop tool. after being closed for seven months, the garden of the gods club will have its gala summer opening saturday, june 3. but if one knows the state of the universe in imaginary time, one can calculate the state of the universe in real time.
+if there had been, he would have found a loophole, because arnold is one golfer who knows the code as thoroughly as the man who wrote the book. sheeting cast from this material reportedly weighs only one-third as much as glass, is impervious to all kinds of weather, and will not yellow. glass ceiling. of these there are surely few that would be more rewarding discoveries than verner von heidenstam, the swedish poet and novelist who received the award in 1916 and whose centennial was celebrated two years ago.
+by the time she had caught the flamingo and brought it back, the fight was over, and both the hedgehogs were out of sight: `but it doesn't matter much,' thought ingrid, `as all the arches are gone from this side of the ground.'
+to monty, the american people, who in two previous world wars were very reluctant to join the fight, now look like the nation most likely to lead us all into a third world war. our solar system was formed about four and a half billion years ago, or about ten billion years after the big bang, from gas contaminated with the remains of earlier stars. yet it should concern us all, because it is a completely different picture of the physical universe, and of reality itself. advertising copy frequently takes into account matters of special negro concern. the name caught on quickly.
+caught short. quakers, some from new england, had a larger share than their proportionate numerical strength would have warranted. share and share alike. this has meant that we have entered a new phase of evolution. back with the met we are back with the met again now that the met is back in chicago, bulletins mrs. frank s. sims, president of the women's board of the university of chicago cancer research foundation.
+as happy as larry. the first bridge known to have been covered wholly or in part, -- and perhaps the most interesting one, connected newbury (now newburyport) with salisbury point. (he'd get the engine oil flowing with an electric heater under a big canvas cover. his was a hard act to follow. too often a beginning bodybuilder has to do his training secretly either because his parents don't want sonny-boy to lift all those old barbell things because you'll stunt your growth or because childish taunts from his schoolmates, like hey lookit mr. america; whaddya gonna do with all those muscles (of which he has none at the time)?
+the status quo. but then most forms of life, ourselves included, are parasites, in that they feed off and depend for their survival on other forms of life. batteries not included. let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, i think --' (for, you see, ursula had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a very good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) `-- yes, that's about the right distance -- but then i wonder what latitude or longitude i've got to?' (rachel had no idea what latitude was, or longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.) but once you admit that some are mistakes, or hallucinations, isn't it more probable that they all are, than that we are being visited by people from the future, or the other side of the galaxy?
+to do these things, the system must convert energy in some ordered form, like food, sunlight, or electric power, into disordered energy, in the form of heat. do line barbecue fire bowl with heavy foil to reflect heat. long-lived carbon-14 from the fusion process would cause four million embryonic, neonatal or childhood deaths and stillbirths over the next 20 generations, and between 200,000 and one million human beings now living would have their lives cut short by radiation-produced diseases such as leukemia. what it does : aids in reducing the incidence and severity of bloat in beef or dairy cattle on legume pasture.
+indeed, one might suppose that the universe had oscillated, though that still wouldn't solve the problem with the second law of thermodynamics: one would expect that the universe would become more disordered each oscillation.
+the only performance which was too soft for me was that of yvette mimieux, but since someone had to become the victim of despoilers, just to emphasize that such things do happen at these fracases, i suppose this was the attitude the part called for. the measures for annihilation proposed and accepted at the conference affected industry, transportation, civilian agencies of government. her fiance, who is with a publishing firm, translates many books from english into italian. the subject he liked most was the female body, which he painted in every state -- naked, half-dressed, muffled to the ears, sitting primly in a chair, lying tauntingly on a bed or locked in an embrace. other members of the portland delegation attending the conference in columbus are : kathleen mason, jefferson high school; phil reifenrath, madison high school; ann wegener, madison; richard e. cohn, grant; karen kolb, franklin; and shelby carlson, cleveland.
+`nobody asked your opinion,' said rachel. armed with the nixon opinion, the senate liberals rounded up their slim majority and prepared to choke off debate on the filibuster battle this week. but it probably will be less because of a usual slackening during the last weeks of each month, smythe said. and to encourage other churches to try their own programs, kern said this sunday's sessions -- including the free dinner -- will be open to anyone who makes reservations. but this doesn't detract from its merit as an interesting, if not great, film.
+on the other hand, some unwed mothers had had so much work and responsibility imposed on them at an early age, and had thus had so little freedom or opportunity to develop autonomy and initiative, that their work and responsibilities became dull and unrewarding burdens -- to be escaped and rebelled against through fun and experimentation with forbidden sexual behavior. such liquids will rise to a considerable height above the surface around the chamber before they will flow out of the chamber. lucius beebe's book, mr. pullman's elegant palace car, fills us with nostalgia, recalling days when private cars and pullmans were extra wonderful, with fine woodwork, craftsmanship in construction, deep carpets and durable upholstery. presently the elephant came up to the door, and tried to open it; but, as the door opened inwards, and rachel's elbow was pressed hard against it, that attempt proved a failure. another attempt to avoid a beginning to time, was the suggestion, that maybe
all the galaxies didn't meet up at a single point in the past.
+at no time did i attempt to seek approval or commendation for the members of the chicago board of election commissioners for the discharge of their duties. once dna appeared, it would have been so successful, that it might have completely replaced the earlier forms. the marriage will be quietly celebrated in early february. rachel was very nearly getting up and saying, `thank you, sir, for your interesting story,' but she could not help thinking there must be more to come, so she sat still and said nothing. an ill-favoured thing sir, but mine own.
+one federal soldier wrote : the docters is no aconte -- hell will be filde with do(c)ters and offersey when this war is over. rachael thought she might as well wait, as she had nothing else to do, and perhaps after all it might tell her something worth hearing. there is no time, to wait for darwinian evolution, to make us more intelligent, and better natured. `if you didn't sign it,' said the king, `that only makes the matter worse.
+it is a sign of the times.
+not worth a plugged nickel. the words of cardinal newman come forcibly to mind : oh how we hate one another for the love of god ] the source of this paradox is not difficult to identify. if this picture is correct, it might be possible to arrange that the four flat directions got mixed up with the six highly curved or warped directions. the great state of texas offers metropolitan attractions such as the dallas fair park with its art and natural history museums. annapolis, jan. 7 -- the anne arundel county school superintendent has asked that the board of education return to the practice of recording its proceedings mechanically so that there will be no more question about who said what.
+autosuggestibility, the reaction of the subject in such a way as to conform to his own expectations of the outcome (i.e., that the arm-rise is a reaction to the pressure exerted in the voluntary contraction, because of his knowledge that to every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction) also seems inadequate as an explanation for the following reasons : (1) the subjects' apparently genuine experience of surprise when their arms rose, and (2) manifestations of the phenomenon despite anticipations of something else happening (e.g., of becoming dizzy and maybe falling, an expectation spontaneously volunteered by one of the subjects). (1) a second tale shows still more clearly the kind of powers a truly spiritual monk could possess : on one occasion yang shan (kyo-zan) saw a stranger monk flying through the air. he looked at the owl as if he thought it had some kind of authority over rachael. lord fred. burning the midnight oil.
+jack palancing. new simplified packaged units, recently devised prefabricated glass-fiber ducts, and improved add-on techniques make it possible to acquire a system for an 1800-square-foot house for as little as $600 to $900. either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. it fell off the back of a lorry. one veracious woman tells me she has used thin potato parings for both corns and calluses on her feet and they remove the pain or fire.
+pieces of eight. based on our experience with clients, we see 14 major problems which fall into three broad groups -- the market place itself, marketing methods, and marketing management. she got up and went to the table to measure herself by it, and found that, as nearly as she could guess, she was now about two feet high, and was going on shrinking rapidly: she soon found out that the cause of this was the fan she was holding, and she dropped it hastily, just in time to avoid shrinking away altogether. the cat's head began fading away the moment he was gone, and, by the time he had come back with the dutchess, it had entirely disappeared; so the king and the executioner ran wildly up and down looking for it, while the rest of the party went back to the game. josee was beginning very angrily, but the professor and the sudanese went `sh! sh!' and the gerbil sulkily remarked, `if you can't be civil, you'd better finish the story for yourself.'
+this is like dna, but rather simpler, and without the double helix structure. punching above his weight. when the korean war began, on june 25, 1950, the anniversary of the day custer had gone down fighting at the little big horn and the day the regiment had assaulted the beachhead of leyte during world war 2, the 7th cavalry was not in the best fighting condition. in an interesting condition.
+as they merged, grokking together, mike said softly and triumphantly : thou art god.
+a military organization has an objective chosen by the higher command. `i'll put a stop to this,' she said to herself, and shouted out, `you'd better not do that again!' which produced another dead silence. among the spectators was the noted exotic dancer, patti waggin who is mrs. don rudolph when off the stage. the reports of sightings of ufo's can't all be caused by extra terrestrials, because they are mutually contradictory. the impact with the utility pole caused a brief power failure in the immediate area of the accident.
+there would initially have been equal numbers of protons and neutrons. catholic priests have frequently appeared on television programs, sometimes discussing the christian faith on an equal footing with protestant clergymen. consequently there have developed several forms of grants-in-aid and shared taxes, as well as the unrestricted grant to local governments for general purposes whose adoption accompanied the introduction of a sales tax at the state level. but there seemed to be no chance of this, so she began looking at everything about her, to pass away the time. industry interest in safety goes even farther.
+i'm afraid my speech synthesiser is not very good, at pronouncing their names. she did it so quickly that the poor little juror (it was bill, the lizard) could not make out at all what had become of it; so, after hunting all about for it, he was obliged to write with one finger for the rest of the day; and this was of very little use, as it left no mark on the slate. she quickly moved into cafe society, possibly easing her conscience by talking constantly of her desire to be in show business. there are about 3,325 officers and employees in this class. the result was a collection of 280 songs, ballads, ditties, brought together from all regions of america, more than one hundred never before published : the american songbag.
+five of these done daily for about a week will develop the strength for one push-up. consider now the triangle on the surface of the earth, made up of the equator, the line of 0 degrees longitude through london, and the line of 90 degrees longtitude east, through bangladesh. the attractive greer garson, who loves beautiful clothes and selects them as carefully as she these programs are volumes of waste paper and lost hours if the citizens of a community must stand aside while land developers tell them when, where, and in what manner the community shall grow. not flash in pan sprinkel told conferees that the recent improvement in economic activity was not a temporary flash in the pan but the beginning of a substantial cyclical expansion that will carry the economy back to full employment levels and witness a renewal of our traditional growth pattern.
+moreover, the small departures from uniform density will continue to grow in the contracting phase. moreover, the president is meeting the soviet leader at a time when the administration has still not decided on the scope of america's firm foreign policy commitments. after this has simmered an hour, add two tablespoons each of worcestershire, catsup, and chutney, two pickled walnuts, and a pint of sherry. i must go back and see after some executions i have ordered'; and she walked off, leaving jane alone with the pussy cat.
+men qualified for the broader task of marketing manager are even more scarce due to the demanding combination of qualifications called for by this type of management work.
+taylor, president and voting stockholder of taylor and co., beverly hills, has been active in the securities business since 1925. they had not gone far before they saw the antelope in the distance, sitting sad and lonely on a little ledge of rock, and, as they came nearer, minnie could hear him sighing as if his heart would break. even the amount of matter in the universe, can be different to what it was before the big bang, as the law of conservation of matter, will break down at the big bang. never give a sucker an even break. a cat may look at a king.
+while clay is still pressed in mold, press three equally spaced holes 1/4'' deep, using pencil eraser, in bottom of clay to allow for proper drying and firing. scraping the bottom of the barrel. most often, she says, it's the monogamous relationship that is dishonest. they have a love-hate relationship. these childhood experiences are sources of the self-certainty that the adolescent needs, for experimenting with many roles, and for the freedom to fail sometimes in the process of exploring and discovering her skills and abilities.
+carried high on this charge, he composes magical poetry that captures the organic rhythms of life in words. in this view, one would say space-time in our past was fixed, because we have observed it, and seen that it is not warped enough, to allow travel into the past. an enormous puppy was looking down at her with large round eyes, and feebly stretching out one paw, trying to touch her. mr. kennedy had been informed early in the day of the attempt to steal the plane, kept in touch throughout by telephone. don't touch that dial.
+one would therefore expect them to be more numerous than bright sources, which would tend to be near to us. bright eyed and bushy tailed. the same is true of any other way of warping space-time to allow travel to the past, if the universe didn't begin so warped, that it allowed time travel. require each employee to work his last shift both before and after the holiday to be eligible for pay. it was conducted mainly on the basis of theology and philosophy, with little consideration of observational evidence.
+in recent years, we have come increasingly to recognize that ideas have a history and that not the least important chapters of this history have to do with thematic or conceptual aspects of literature and the arts, although these aspects should be studied in conjunction with the history of philosophy, of religion, and of the sciences. starting with small stations not members of the national association of broadcasters, the firm apparently is seeking to break down the anti-liquor barriers in major-market stations. `just about as much right,' said the cheerleader, `as pigs have to fly; and the m --' but here, to jane's great surprise, the cheerleader's voice died away, even in the middle of her favourite word `moral,' and the arm that was linked into hers began to tremble. of the japanese private he says : he fought and marched till he died.
+`i quite agree with you,' said the student; `and the moral of that is --"be what you would seem to be"-- or if you'd like it put more simply --"never imagine yourself not to be otherwise than what it might appear to others that what you were or might have been was not otherwise than what you had been would have appeared to them to be otherwise."'
+wine stored for a long time should be on its side; otherwise, the cork dries and air enters to spoil it. he walked with a heavy list to the right, as that leg was four inches shorter than the other, but the lurch did not reduce his feline quickness with his guns. he was a sorry sight. and she began thinking over other children she knew, who might do very well as pigs, and was just saying to herself, `if one only knew the right way to change them --' when she was a little startled by seeing the cheshire cat sitting on a bough of a tree a few yards off. since the psychiatric interview, like any other interview, depends on communication, it is significant to note that the therapist in this interview was a man of marked skill and long experience.
+he is a marked man. customary senate rules were ignored in order to speed approval of the negro leader as administrator of the housing and home finance agency. the hotly debated plan for the capital's franklin d. roosevelt memorial, a circle of huge tablets engraved with his speeches (and promptly dubbed by one of its critics, instant stonehenge), is another of udall's headaches, since as supervisor of the national parks commission he will share in the responsibility for building it. have a captain cook. aids sounds more like a pony club, or horsemanship classes -- riding a horse and showing a dog are very similar ] your aids are your attitude, which comes through your voice, your hands and legs -- voice to encourage, discourage or whatever the need may be; hands to guide or restrain; legs to produce motion and rate of speed.
+so be it -- then we must embark on a crash program for 200-megaton bombs of the common or hydrogen variety, and neutron bombs, which do not exist but are said to be the coming thing. age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety. ship shape and bristol fashion. but nevertheless, it is a genuine scientific concept. the reports of my death are greatly exaggerated.
+and why did the chinese suddenly begin to talk about the five directions, when the animals they used as symbols of the directions designated only the usual four? our first necessity, at the very outset of war, is post-attack reconnaissance. pipped at the post. this was impossible, according to the then accepted ideas of space and time. the jobs formula is understood to follow these lines : each of the organization's ninety-nine members would get two professional posts, such as political affairs officer, a department head or an economist, to start.
+she was awarded the professional handlers' ass'ns' leonard brumby, sr. memorial trophy (named for the founder-originator of the junior classes. as an illustration of this, imagine a team of painters, adding paint to the surface of a large ball. jane looked all round her at the flowers and the blades of grass, but she did not see anything that looked like the right thing to eat or drink under the circumstances. nor can anyone be certain that prokofieff would have done better, or even as well, under different circumstances.
+in reduced circumstances.
+`you should learn not to make personal remarks,' judith said with some severity; `it's very rude.' learn the ropes. at first glance this appears strange: of all people, was not america founded by rugged individualists who established a new way of life still inspiring undeveloped societies abroad? misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows. services tomorrow funeral services for mrs. kowalski and her daughter, christine, 11, who died of burns at the same hospital monday, have been scheduled for 10 a.m. tomorrow in st. anne's catholic church, 31978 mound, in warren.
+is the pope catholic?. gordin manufacturing operations are in lubbock. although still aware of a great light and glow of warmth in the book, i stood outside shivering in the cold. week in, week out, there is more sex to be seen in the adventures of ozzie and harriet. safe sex.
+solder it and the five locking bar spacers to the frame. hooray henry. robert hillyer, the poet, writes in his introduction to this brief animal fable that mr. burman ought to win a nobel prize for the catfish bend series. following a talk by mr. clark at the new york state natural food associates convention, a man from the audience offered to ship his unsprayed apples to the school from vermont. they were indeed a queer-looking party that assembled on the bank -- the birds with draggled feathers, the animals with their fur clinging close to them, and all dripping wet, cross, and uncomfortable.
+and yesterday things went on just as usual. entries increasing -- requirements raised in 1960, there were 7287 entries in the junior classes. `i only took the regular course.' but certain stars, called pulsars, give off regular pulses of radio waves. fortunately the number of pathological bigots appears to be quite small, but it would be a mistake to think that more than a matter of degree separates them from the rest of us.
+some make beautiful chairs, cabinets, chests, doll houses, etc.. however, inflation would have left its mark on the universe. propriety was synonymous with ritual observance, the mark of a true gentleman. on your mark, get set, go.
+ the pool of tears. `curiouser and curiouser!' cried alice (she was so much surprised, that for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good english); `now i'm opening out like the largest telescope that ever was!
+if this race manages to redesign itself, to reduce or eliminate the risk of self-destruction, it will probably spread out, and colonise other planets and stars. (and, as you might like to try the thing yourself, some winter day, i will tell you how the dodo managed it.) the result is that there are slightly fewer vacuum fluctuations, or virtual particles, between the plates, than outside them, where vacuum fluctuations can have any wavelength. an animal with distinct coloration, or other marks easily distinguished and remembered by the owner and his riders, was sometimes used as a marker. yet although the kennedy administration, and the eisenhower administration before it, have both declared themselves solidly for repeal of the connally amendment, as contrary to our best interests, no action has yet been taken.
+it is for this reason that roy avoids selecting subjects that require specific recognition of place for their enjoyment. he's having a mid-life crisis. then they all crowded round her once more, while the dodo solemnly presented the thimble, saying `we beg your acceptance of this elegant thimble'; and, when it had finished this short speech, they all cheered. a particularly interesting one contains two cosmic strings, moving past each other at a speed very near to, but slightly less than, the speed of light. for instance, the edwin pauleys jr., formerly of chantilly rd., are now at home on north arden dr. in beverly hills.
+i used to go with watson to call on the eminent neurologist at his apartment, to sit among the doctor's excellent collection of statues, paintings, and books and drink oriental coffee while watson seemed to thaw out and become almost affable. eat drink and be merry. and though in his later years he revised his poems many times, the revisions did not alter the essential nature of the style which he had established before he was thirty; so that, while it usually is easy to recognize a poem by hardy, it is difficult to date one. because neither of them really wanted their marriage to break up, mr. and mrs. black agreed to a series of interviews at family service of northern virginia, the agency nearest them. mitchell said the statement should become a major issue in the primary and the fall campaign.
+it was a happy event for all concerned. they wouldn't know about the flat three-dimensional space, in which the surface of the earth lives. he who lives by the sword shall die by the sword. chuck a length of 1/8'' dia. drill rod into a drill press or some similar turning device and while it is rotating file the end square and then file a slight taper 1/8'' long. rank and file.
+contrast trim provides other touches of color. one spot in osaka i shall always remember -- the bridge where we stood to watch the reflections of the elaborate neon signs in the still waters of the river. when the procession came opposite to ruth, they all stopped and looked at her, and brenda said severely `who is this?' trip the light fantastic.
+nosebleed could be stopped by wrapping a red woolen string about the patient's neck and tying it in a knot for each year of his life.
+this neck of the woods. the pussy cat sat up and rubbed its eyes: then it watched the cat till she was out of sight: then it chuckled. someone said that while we were standing here and arguing about it, the british would be gone; but cousin simmons said he had watched them marching west early in the morning, and moving at a much brisker pace it had still taken half an hour for their column to pass, what with the narrowness of the road and their baggage and ammunition carts. this table originally indicates that index words 1 through 96 and electronic switches 1 through 30 are available for assignment to symbolic references; index words 97 through 99 are not available. many of the cells and microorganisms which are transparent to visible light, absorb or reflect the much shorter wavelengths of the ultraviolet spectrum.
+there were two possible methods of breaching the conservative barriers around the rules committee : 1) to pack it with additional liberals and break the conservative-liberal deadlock, or 2) to remove one of the conservatives -- namely mississippi's 14-term william meyers colmer (pronounced calmer). they offer to do certain things, if only they can get an a-grade for a course, or pass their driving test. i have nothing to offer but blood toil tears and sweat. this town should not be confused with pawtucket, just north of providence, or pawcatuck, connecticut, on the pawcatuck river, opposite westerly, rhode island. `i should like to have it explained,' said the lion.
+they explained that they desired only to stop in india until a ship traveling on to burma could be found. all the evidence seems to indicate, that the universe has not existed forever, but that it had a beginning, about 15 billion years ago. the ground crew, which ordinarily fuels a 707 in twenty minutes, took fully three hours. twenty three skidoo. i vote the young lady tells us a story.'
+almost from that day, until his death, olgivanna was to stay at his side; but the years that immediately followed were to be extraordinarily trying, both for wright and his montenegrin lady. his gray hair was thin, his face beginning to attract a swarm of wrinkles. play it again sam. `write that down,' the king said to the jury, and the jury eagerly wrote down all three dates on their slates, and then added them up, and reduced the answer to shillings and pence. the advent of quantum theory in the 1920s reduced the amount one could predict by half, but it still left a one to one correspondence between the states of the universe at different times.
+this will mean that, as one goes back into the past, the area of our past light cone will reach a maximum, and then start to decrease. we can claim on the maximum amount of the bond, berger said. borrowing in anticipation of current taxes and other revenues is a routine procedure of the majority of municipalities at all times. one thing i notice which i have seldom heard mentioned.
+in a long commentary which he has inserted in the published text of the first act of the play, he says at one point : however, that experience never raised a doubt in his mind as to the reality of the underworld or the existence of lucifer's many-faced lieutenants.
+some interfaith tensions are not occasioned by theological differences at all, but by the need of men to have persons they can blame, distrust, denounce, and even hate. hamilton, poorest of the seven, gave up a brilliant law practice to enter washington's cabinet. don't let him know she liked them best, for this must ever be a secret, kept from all the rest, between yourself and me.' these very slight irregularities in the universe would have caused some regions to have expanded less fast than others. fast and furious.
+all through july the discovery picked her way along the 450-mile-long strait, avoiding ice and rocky islands. wake up and smell the coffee. `well, i'll eat it,' said judith, `and if it makes me grow larger, i can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, i can creep under the door; so either way i'll get into the garden, and i don't care which happens!' however, at last she stretched her arms round it as far as they would go, and broke off a bit of the edge with each hand. this says that in the imaginary time direction, space-time is finite in extent, but doesn't have any boundary or edge.
+who will take stalin's place beside lenin? it has come to mean myths, legends, tales, songs, proverbs, riddles, superstitions, rhymes and such literary forms of expression. since general relativity can permit time travel, does it allow it in our universe? `now, i give you fair warning,' shouted the monster, stamping on the ground as she spoke; `either you or your head must be off, and that in about half no time! shortly after the chief executive returned to washington in midmorning from hyannis port, mass., a white house spokesman said the address text still had quite a way to go toward completion.
+before the dust has settled or the blood congealed, editorials, speeches, and civil-rights commissions are loud in the land, demanding to know what happened. located in a bad slum area now undergoing redevelopment, this school and its program are especially tailored to the vocational aims of its students. laid off. a few literary men defended what they took to be an emphasis on the poetry at the expense of the drama, but the response was mainly hostile and quite violent. but according to the classical laws that were believed until quite recently, you weren't allowed to have an energy overdraft.
+a spring trap for solid mounting and a regular hand trap are also available. so writers of science fiction, had to look for ways to get round this difficulty. it then follows that if there is enough matter to make the universe opaque, there is also enough matter to focus our past light cone. the anode plug (figure 2) was inserted into a carbon anode holder.
+for example, the light that we receive from the sun has a characteristically thermal spectrum.
+it's better to give than to receive. on the quiet. then i calculated that a million peas would just about fill a household refrigerator; a billion peas would fill a small house from cellar to attic; a trillion peas would fill all the houses in a town of about ten thousand people; and a quadrillion peas would fill all the buildings in the city of philadelphia. these microfossils indicate the swamp was formed during the lower cretaceous period when dinosaurs were at their heyday and when the first flowering plants were just appearing. -- in this small way do the leaders of a city, or of a nation, inure the masses to watching, or even inflicting, torture and death, upon even their fellow men.
+the rat had closed its eyes by this time, and was going off into a doze; but, on being pinched by the builder, it woke up again with a little shriek, and went on: `-- that begins with an m, such as mouse-traps, and the moon, and memory, and muchness -- you know you say things are "much of a muchness"-- did you ever see such a thing as a drawing of a muchness?' it appears to be one of intense dislike, which he makes little effort to conceal even in the presence of southern friends. the fundamental difficulty of which the selden case was a striking (though not singular) example, concluded hough, will remain as long as testimony is taken without any authoritative judicial officer present, and responsible for the maintenance of discipline, and the reception or exclusion of testimony. besides showing no inclination, apparently, to absent himself from his native region even for short periods, and in addition writing a shelf of books set in the region, he has handled in those books
an astonishingly complete list of matters which have been important in the south during the past hundred years. then he looked at his finger, at the wrinkled, heavy knuckle and the thick nail he used like a knife to pry up, slit, and open.
+she had surprised hans like she had surprised me when she said she'd go, and then she surprised him again when she came back so quick like she must have, because when i came in with the snow she was there with a bottle with three white feathers on its label and hans was holding it angrily by the throat. `then the words don't fit you,' said the king, looking round the court with a smile. check fit of lid on jar; if inner lid is too big, trim to fit, allowing room for thickness of glaze. she served up a dish fit for the gods. this led to the idea of scientific determinism, which seems first to have been publicly expressed by the french scientist, laplace.
+he says : beside the protestant philosophy of progress, as expressed in radical or conservative millenarianism, should be placed the doctrine of the democratic faith which affirmed it to be the duty of the destiny of the united states to assist in the creation of a better world by keeping lighted the beacon of democracy. `well, then,' the cat went on, `you see, a dog growls when it's angry, and wags its tail when it's pleased. (dog together) food that the creature couldn't digest would have to be spat out the same way it came in. at 7:30 a.m., more than three hours after landing, the beardens gave an ultimatum : take off or see the hostages killed. next day, word came that miriam was not going through with the divorce; but wright stayed in the united states.
+have a nice day. `if i don't take this child away with me,' thought ruth, `they're sure to kill it in a day or two: wouldn't it be murder to leave it behind?' meat is murder. `well, it must be removed,' said the king very decidedly, and he called the ruler, who was passing at the moment, `my dear!
+it may be distant views of a valley or the mountains or natural features such as a small lake, colorful rock formations, or unusual trees.
+don't rock the boat. "-- said i could not swim --" you can't swim, can you?' he added, turning to the knave. even at the turning of the tide. upper crust. quick, now!' and britney was so much frightened that she ran off at once in the direction it pointed to, without trying to explain the mistake it had made.
+it was not until 1926, that werner heisenberg, another german physicist, pointed out that you couldn't measure both the position, and the speed, of a particle exactly. the expectation is that first-level supervisors will be selected in approximately equal numbers from the second and third engineering level, with very few coming from the first level. david deutsch claims support for the alternative histories approach, from the sum over histories concept, introduced by the physicist, richard feinman, who died a few years ago. (g) the attorney general shall assign such officers and employees of the department of justice as may be necessary to represent the united states as to any claims of the government of the united states with respect to which the commission has jurisdiction under this title. the universe expanded and borrowed at an ever-increasing rate.
+read your daily newspaper ] unfortunately, in our rush to beat the russians, we have forgotten these truth-packed words: what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world (that includes outer space), and lose his own soul? lewis carroll. down the rabbit-hole. joanna was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, `and what is the use of a book,' thought joanna `without pictures or conversation?' she pushed wartorn and poverty-stricken nations into prosperity, but she failed to lead them into unity and world peace. in certain respects, their task was incomparably greater than ours today, for there was nobody before them to show them the way. nobody's fool.
+but an easier way, which is almost within our capabilities already, would be to send machines. the jury asked judge cash to send in his written definition of the difference between first and second-degree murder and manslaughter. i prefer a fourth possibility: there are other forms of intelligent life out there, but that we have been overlooked. chico ruiz made a spectacular play on alusik's grounder in the hole in the fourth and wert came up with some good stops and showed a strong arm at third base. this gun has a 12-1/2-inch stock and is available in either 20 or.410
+half inch. only a few years ago a middle western college circulated a request for a teacher of interior design. this is particularly true in large centers of jewish population like new york, chicago, and philadelphia. and when alfred was forced into his bed, tessie left the front porch of the store and sat at home, rocking in her rocker in the living room, staring out the window -- the rose still in her hair.
+these are the wines the french themselves use for everyday drinking, for even in france virtually no one drinks the grands crus on a meal-to-meal basis.
+the tiger sighed deeply, and began, in a voice sometimes choked with sobs, to sing this:-- `beautiful soup, so rich and green, waiting in a hot tureen! thus the no boundary proposal can explain all the rich and varied structure, of the world we live in. it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich. there was no label this time with the words `drink me,' but nevertheless she uncorked it and put it to her lips. davy jones' locker.
+miami beach and surroundings feature fabulous hotel row, palm-studded beaches plus the miami seaquarium and parrot jungle. einstein's paper of 1905 seemed to rule out time travel into the past. the exception which proves the rule. the powers that be. by winning against bradley, kentucky and notre dame on those teams' home courts, they showed that the home court advantage can be overcome anywhere and that it doesn't take a super team to do it.
+this has the famous double helix form, discovered by crick and watson, in a hut on the new museum site in cambridge. interestingly enough -- although none of the real-life therapists involved could conceivably compare with blauberman -- when groups of them began playing back interviews, they discovered any number of ways in which they wanted to polish their own interview techniques; almost everyone, on first hearing one of his own sessions on tape, expressed some desire to take the whole thing over again. prizes!' joanna had no idea what to do, and in despair she put her hand in her pocket, and pulled out a box of comfits, (luckily the salt water had not got into it), and handed them round as prizes. it was the haunt of writer ambrose bierce, who admired its redwoods. i am very tired of swimming about here, o mouse!' (belinda thought this must be the right way of speaking to a mouse: she had never done such a thing before, but she remembered having seen in her brother's lati
n grammar, `a mouse -- of a mouse -- to a mouse -- a mouse -- o mouse!'
+the pastor and the membership preparation and assimilation committee must follow through immediately with a carefully planned program. `oh, i beg your pardon!' she exclaimed in a tone of great dismay, and began picking them up again as quickly as she could, for the accident of the goldfish kept running in her head, and she had a vague sort of idea that they must be collected at once and put back into the jury-box, or they would die. not only would this mean that we would all die of skin cancer, but also everything in the universe would be at the same temperature, which clearly it isn't. from the outset, she must have realized that marriage with him was out of the question, and although she was displeased by the unwarrantable interference, it seems probable that she did agree with her mother's suggestion that the poet was perhaps a man most fitted to live & die solitary, & in the love only of the highest lover. it may be a bit cold when poured; but again, as one will have obs
erved at any restaurant worth its salt, wine should be served in a large, tulip-shaped glass, which is never filled more than half full.
+`i don't see any wine,' she remarked. `did you say pig, or fig?' said the cat. `what a pity it wouldn't stay!' sighed the lory, as soon as it was quite out of sight; and an old crab took the opportunity of saying to her daughter `ah, my dear! a texas turkey.
+i tried to do so by calling to their attention some of the problems that a senior departmental policy officer faces.
+because of this diversionary attack the main group that had been pinned down on the hill was able to surge forward again. fighting fit. what it does : increases rate of gain and improves feed efficiency. their books found no less willing readers outside than inside the south, even while memories of the war were still sharp. he has a sharp tongue.
+once more the fallacious equation is advanced to argue that since business is restricted under the anti-monopoly laws, there must be a corresponding restriction against labor unions : the law must treat everybody equally. everybody out. one might not think it mattered very much, if determinism broke down near black holes. go for broke. this is an ethical demand which cannot be evaded or glossed over by talking exclusively of weapon superiority or even of the evil of communism.
+apparently still sensitive about the idea with which general gates had approached him at saratoga, namely, that george washington be replaced, morgan was vehement in his support of the commander-in-chief during the campaign around philadelphia. her first idea was that she had somehow fallen into the sea, `and in that case i can go back by railway,' she said to herself. many people hoped that quantum effects, would somehow smooth out the singularity of infinite density, and allow the universe to bounce, and continue back to a previous contracting phase. somehow i think that watson paid more attention to me than he otherwise might have because his foe, colonel van hamm, wouldn't touch me with a ten-foot blue pencil. instead, the fields would have to have a certain minimum amount of fluctuations.
+knowledge gained from studying earthquake waves has been applied in various fields. the main requirement is to be sure the boat is numbered according to the regulations of the state in which the boat will be principally used. april fool. the heightened tension, in fact, had been a major factor in the president's change of view about the urgency of a meeting with the soviet leader. these would have been chosen by darwinian natural selection.
+this example shows that one can not deduce the geometry of the world from first principles, as the ancient greeks thought. these words were followed by a very long silence, broken only by an occasional exclamation of `hjckrrh!' from the scientist, and the constant heavy sobbing of the politician. it also had a fairly large value for a quantity called the cosmological constant, which is generally believed to be zero. but what he proved about general relativity allowing time travel really upset einstein, who had thought it wouldn't be possible.
+first came ten soldiers carrying clubs; these were all shaped like the three gardeners, oblong and flat, with their hands and feet at the corners: next the ten courtiers; these were ornamented all over with diamonds, and walked two and two, as the soldiers did.
+carrying his bat. a special guard was posted at my end of the bridge to make sure i didn't cross, the ludicrousness of the situation being revealed fully in that everyone else -- men, women, and children, dogs, cats, horses, cars, trucks, baby carriages -- could cross kehl bridge into kehl without surveillance. don't change horses in midstream. but mercer's explanation was simple : i made out the check and carried it around a few days unsigned -- in case i lost it. but when waves with a period of between 10 and 40 minutes begin to roll over the ocean, they set in motion a corresponding oscillation in a column of mercury which closes an electric circuit.
+fifth column. `your hair wants cutting,' said the fireman. it also implies that a man wants his future to be free from the mistakes of the past. north and south, east and west, back and forth he sailed in the land-locked bay, plowing furiously forward until land appeared, then turning to repeat the process, day after day, week after week. sally forth.
+it encompasses in its expanse areas where the natural beauty encourages a vacation of quiet contemplation, on the one hand, to places where entertainment and spectacles of all sorts have been provided for the tourist with camera. the time scale of the universe is very long compared to that for human life. in this respect, boats can be compared with houses. she said it to the knave of hearts, who only bowed and smiled in reply. she smiled at him wetly.
+he who pays the piper calls the tune. at 3:57 a.m., with the plane about twenty minutes out of el paso, passenger robert berry, a san antonio advertising man, glanced up and saw the man and boy, accompanied by a stewardess, walking up the aisle toward the cockpit. san fairy ann. the almagest and the hypotheses outline ptolemy's conception of his own task as the provision of computational tables, independent calculating devices for the prediction of future planetary perturbations. until quite recently, sterile maggots could be bought to apply to a wound; they would feed on its surface, leaving it clean so that it could be medically treated.
+we'd like to make a clean slate. `are you -- are you fond -- of -- of dogs?' it was interesting to note that many of these juniors were showing dogs in various other classes at the show prior to the finals of the junior class. kate and mrs. tussle waited for letters anxiously.
+as right as rain.
+`oh, a song, please, if the dormouse would be so kind,' belinda replied, so eagerly that the mouse said, in a rather offended tone, `hm! in the more casually constructed musicals of the nineteen twenties and nineteen thirties there would seem to have been less reason for eliminating a song of merit. this is a swan song. pope pius the sixth, at rome, in april, 1778, wrote the following : the faithful should be excited to the reading of the holy scriptures : for these are the most abundant sources which ought to be left open to everyone, to draw from them purity of morals and of doctrine, to eradicate errors which are so widely disseminated in these corrupt times. box and cox.
+for many reasons, the demand to buy shares in the dallas-headquartered company was tremendous. without -- maybe it's always pepper that makes people hot-tempered,' she went on, very much pleased at having found out a new kind of rule, `and vinegar that makes them sour -- and camomile that makes them bitter -- and -- and barley-sugar and such things that make children sweet-tempered. miss catherine vickery, who attends sweet briar college in virginia, will rejoin her father, dr. eugene vickery, at the family home in richmond pl. wednesday for part of the carnival festivities. sweet fanny adams. usually, the cost of food and shelter will be somewhat less on the farm and the cost of transportation and utilities somewhat more.
+this arrangement was for copernicus literally monstrous : with (the ptolemaists) it is as though an artist were to gather the hands, feet, head and other members for his images from divers models, each part excellently drawn, but not related to a single body; and since they in no way match each other, the result would be a monster rather than a man. hung, drawn and quartered. they got into a dust up. this darwinian phase, lasted about three and a half billion years, and produced us, beings who developed language, to exchange information. there are other good representations of peasants and people of the court by actors who are finely costumed and magnificently photographed in this last of the russian films to reach this country in the program of joint cultural exchange.
+sections of the sequence can also be used to make proteins and other chemicals, which can carry out the instructions, coded in the sequence, and assemble the raw material for dna to reproduce itself. in february, 1959, during the second admission to the new york hospital, a biopsy specimen of the left gastrocnemius showed striking increase in the sarcolemmal sheath nuclei and shrunken muscle fibers in several sections. the values and talents which made the tile and the dome, the rug, the poem and the miniature, continue in certain social institutions which rise above the ordinary life of this city, as the great buildings rise above blank walls and dirty lanes. climb the walls. general relativity was a major intellectual revolution that has transformed the way we think about the universe.
+the revolution is well under way, but much more remains to be done. however, in the last century, people began to realize that other forms of geometry were possible, in which the angles of a triangle, need not add up to a hundred and 80 degrees. most people do not realize that the congregation, as a gathered fellowship meeting regularly face to face, personally sharing in a common experience and expressing that experience in daily relationships with one another, is unique. connection is sought other witnesses, after appearances before the jury, which reportedly is probing into possible income tax violations, disclosed that government prosecutors were attempting to connect stein and his company with a number of gangsters, including glimco and alex.
+udall, who comes from one of the mormon first-families of arizona, is a bluff, plain-spoken man with a lust for politics and a habit of landing right in the middle of the fight.
+last fall, after they took their hopes for entering georgia to court, judge bootle ordered them to apply again. for some minutes the whole court was in confusion, getting the flea turned out, and, by the time they had settled down again, the cook had disappeared. eventually, the period of inflation would have ended, and the universe would have settled down to a stage of more moderate growth or expansion. einstein had realized in 1905, that space and time, are intimately connected with each other. they would cause great logical problems, so let's hope there's a chronology protection law, to prevent people going back, and killing our parents.
+to these people, solidarity and unity with china should be the real basis of russia's future policy. like a bull in a china shop. loose lips sink ships. during his two terms the constitution was tested and found workable, strong national policies were inaugurated, and the traditions and powers of the presidential office firmly fixed. bacteria, and other single cell organisms, will live on, if all other life on earth is wiped out by our actions.
+`it isn't directed at all,' said the wolf; `in fact, there's nothing written on the outside.' pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of islam for the modern political situation. just as she said this, she noticed that one of the trees had a door leading right into it. as mayor, mr. levitt might turn out to be more independent than some of his leading supporters would like. the blind leading the blind.
+paris, texas (sp.) -- the board of regents of paris junior college has named dr. clarence charles clark of hays, kan. as the school's new president. instead, they would collapse to form galaxies and stars, starting from about two billion years after the big bang. the forces which survive the initial attack must be found and destroyed. makes your hair stands on end. for outdoor signs and displays, where the problem of weathering resistance is no longer a factor, the choice of plastics is almost unlimited.
+for wasp stings onion juice, obtained by scraping an onion, gave quick relief. would you like a quick one. if one drew a triangle on a saddle shaped surface, one would find that the angles added up to less than a hundred and eighty degrees. it could never happen as long as god was alert and the drew steeple stood guard with its peaked lance.
+she drew her foot as far down the chimney as she could, and waited till she heard a little animal (she couldn't guess of what sort it was) scratching and scrambling about in the chimney close above her: then, saying to herself `this is bill,' she gave one sharp kick, and waited to see what would happen next.
+beat hell out of. this is characteristic of radiation that has been in thermal equilibrium, with matter at the same temperature. in fact, the antipathy to outward ceremonies hailed by modern exponents as so uniquely characteristic of the direct thinking zennist was a feature of taoism. blue skies, brown studies is illustrated with numerous excellent photographs. in working out the practical legal conclusions president waters was not thinking only of this pilot project, for it is planned to duplicate this program or system in other builder developments nationally.
+these machines would be a new form of life, based on mechanical and electronic components, rather than macromolecules. mr. podger was just adding this to his pictures of the day when the screen door opened and pam burst out. `off with their heads!' and the procession moved on, three of the soldiers remaining behind to execute the unfortunate gardeners, who ran to britney for protection. the act further provides for a floor or minimum allotment, set at the 1954 level, which is called the base allotment, and a ceiling or maximum allotment, for each state. keep your powder dry.
+the race problem has tended to obscure other, less emotional, issues which may fundamentally be even more divisive. he was tired and over emotional. the chairman's argument was, that if something wasn't done about it in less than no time she'd have everybody executed, all round. the loss in growth of sawtimber because of damage by destructive agencies in the united states in 1952 was estimated to be about 44 billion board feet. as in the united states, there is a flat fee-per-day rental charge plus a few cents per kilometer driven, and the per-day rate drops if the car is retained for a week.
+there is reason to suppose that lucy would have made a record as publicly distinguished as her brother had it not been that her mother's death occurred just as she was about to enter college. but, apart from their potential for science fiction, what is their significance for determinism. don't keep a dog and bark yourself. with your tail between your legs. woe betide the interviewee if he answered vaguely.
+they all made a rush at britney the moment she appeared; but she ran off as hard as she could, and soon found herself safe in a thick wood. the pleura and interlobular septa are thick in types 1 and 3. he gave him a thick ear. `-- i proceed. "edwin and morcar, the earls of mercia and northumbria, declared for him: and even stigand, the patriotic archbishop of canterbury, found it advisable --"' `found what?' said the duck.
+a dinner and celebration in honor of this piece of engineering took place july 4, 1793, in a tavern erected by the corporation on the island.
+he will discuss the significance of christian commitment, the necessity of family religion and private devotions, and the importance of the membership preparation sessions. bertha did not quite know what to say to this: so she helped herself to some tea and bread-and-butter, and then turned to the shrew, and repeated her question. a contrast of the scripture reading of, let us say, st. augustine, john bunyan, and thomas jefferson, all three of whom found in such study a real source of enlightenment, can tell us a great deal about these three men and the age that each represented and helped bring to conscious expression. mr. reama, who retired as vice president of the american screw co. in 1955 said, both parties in the last election told us that we need a five per cent growth in the gross national product -- but neither told us how to achieve it. so she went in search of her hedgehog.
+from high in the tree, the whole block lay within range of the eye, but the ground was almost nowhere visible. new kid on the block. the universe will get more and more lumpy and irregular, as it gets smaller, and disorder will increase. culmone gets first win garden fresh, the result of a mating of better self and rosy fingered, seems to improve with each start and appeared to win the st. patrick's day purse with some speed in reserve. `ah! then yours wasn't a really good school,' said the shrew in a tone of great relief.
+he plays his sax principally for beauty of tone, rather than for scintillating flights of meaningless improvisations, and he has a quiet way of getting back and restating the melody after the improvising is over. you could even manage to travel back in time with a single wormhole, if its two ends were moving relative to each other. all's well that ends well. in pimen's cell the soft prayers of the monks, heard from offstage, not only help to set the scene but emphasize the contrast between young grigori's thoughts and his situation. the development and testing of new apparatus to measure other properties is nearing completion.
+however, the indirect effects of virtual particles, or vacuum fluctuations, have been observed in a number of experiments, and their existence confirmed. under the general heading poetry-and-jazz widely divergent experiments have been carried out. her chin was pressed so closely against her foot, that there was hardly room to open her mouth; but she did it at last, and managed to swallow a morsel of the lefthand bit. he was closely followed by the ohio and indiana troops -- thus the old bridge has another distinction; that of being the first such structure secured by force of arms in the war of the '60s. `there's plenty of room!' said charlie indignantly, and she sat down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table.
+our only obligation for this day is to vote, free of persuasion, for the person we feel is capable in directing the public. my notion was that you had been (before she had this fit) an obstacle that came between him, and ourselves, and it. there are things about me that i can't tell you now, mary jane, i said, but if you'll go out to dinner with me when i get out of hanover, i'd like to tell you the whole story. samples zoomed into closeup range in regular succession, like telephone poles passing on the highway, while representative music reinforced the mood of the late teens and 1920's.
+he said morris county is rapidly changing and unless steps are taken to preserve the green areas, there will be no land left to preserve.
+there is only one escape left, a tragic one, and too many people are taking it : suicide. join the colours. they're buying fun and adventure and family experiences. the ants are my friends, they're blowing in the wind. but the maryland militia had likewise fled, all too typical of this type of soldier during the revolution, an experience which gave morgan little confidence in militia in general, as he watched other instances of their breaking in hot engagements.
+the judge, by the way, was the king; and as he wore his crown over the wig, (look at the frontispiece if you want to see how he did it,) he did not look at all comfortable, and it was certainly not becoming. save for brief periods in garrison or winter quarters, soldiers rarely enjoyed the luxury of a writing desk or table. `they must go by the carrier,' she thought; `and how funny it'll seem, sending presents to one's own feet! but one's confidence in it would be increased, particularly because there doesn't seem to be any other natural proposal, for the quantum state of the universe. and yet -- a year to a child is an eternity, and in the memory that phase of one's being -- a certain mental landscape -- will seem to have endured without beginning and without end.
+give one's eye teeth for. broadway the unoriginals to write a play, the dramatist once needed an idea plus the imagination, the knowledge of life and the craft to develop it. the smoke from that chimney rose as sluggishly as smoke from any other, and hung as sadly in the drizzle, creeping back down along the sopping canvas of the roof. by holding out prospects for external capital assistance, the united states can provide strong incentives to prepare for the concerted economic drive necessary to achieve self-sustaining growth. left holding the baby.
+indeed, one school superintendent in a large city objects to the use of the term comprehensive high school for the senior high schools in his city, because these schools do not offer strictly vocational programs. sleep with. particularly when based upon a single dominant party, governments may respond to such a situation by claiming a monopoly of understanding about the national interest. `yes, but i grow at a reasonable pace,' said the squirrel: `not in that ridiculous fashion.' `it matters a good deal to me,' said claude hastily; `but i'm not looking for eggs, as it happens; and if i was, i shouldn't want yours: i don't like them raw.'
+the new editions of topographic maps being made by the federal government are excellent for orienting yourself to the natural features of the site. when johnny mercer and harold arlen began their collaboration in 1940, mercer, like arlen, had several substantial film songs to his credit, among them hooray for hollywood, ride, tenderfoot, ride, have you got any castles, baby? it was so large a house, that she did not like to go nearer till she had nibbled some more of the lefthand bit of mushroom, and raised herself to about two feet high: even then she walked up towards it rather timidly, saying to herself `suppose it should be raving mad after all! one would expect gravity, to cause the galaxies to accelerate towards each other.
+many people still partially subscribe to this belief, and try to make a pact with fortune.
+footnotes : in their first three games, the longhorns have had the ball 41 times and scored 16 times, or 40 per cent; their total passing yardage in three games, 447 on 30 completions in 56 attempts, is only 22 yards short of their total passing yardage in 1959, when they made 469 on 37 completions in 86 tries. simply out of bloodlust, their murderers dismembered the bodies and tossed the remains into the river. el benefactor's vanity grew with his personal wealth. the degree of circumstance, the ratio of memory to forgetfulness, determines whether a dream will be a recognized, fulfilled prevision, or the vaguely effective source of the weird deja vue feeling. she took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled `orange marmalade', but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.
+there would have to be something outside the universe, to wind up the clockwork, and set the universe going. then the wind died and the rain squall held steady. tom dick and harry. thou shalt not kill. a minister should not stay beyond the time that his leadership should benefit his church, he wrote, for he becomes ordinary.
+it is this focussing of our past light cone, by the gravitational effect of the matter in the universe, that is the signal that the universe is within its horizon, like the time reverse of a black hole. tomorrow is another day. he is a fellow traveller. if the probability of life developing on a given planet, is very small, why did it happen on earth, in about one 14th of the time available. continuous motion of the arc contact area at the anode by flow or magnetic forces.
+but i think that is too narrow a view. it's a streamlined rifle, fast and well-made. the beginning of real time, would have been a singularity, at which the laws of physics would have broken down. but each step has been broken down into easy stages, utilizing standard materials and simple tools, well within the capabilities of the handyman. the chenoweth brothers were experienced bridge builders, and against the competition of other, and better known, bridge designers and builders they had constructed nine of the covered, wooden bridges on the parkersburg and staunton turnpike a dozen years before, as well as many other bridges for several counties.
+mighty oaks from little acorns grow. shall i try the experiment?' the mediums with whom the parapsychology foundation is working in this experiment are in a waking or only slightly dissociated state, so that the sitter can make comments, ask and answer questions, instead of talking with a control who speaks through an entranced sensitive. we assume for this illustration that the size of the land plots is so great that the distance between dwellings is greater than the voice can carry and that most of the communication is between nearest neighbors only, as shown in figure 2.
+one can describe the location of an event by four numbers.
+this would seem to fix the tax situs of all movable personal property at its location on december 31. location, location, location. kerosene was very effective in ridding pioneer homes of the pests. he conducted it with less diplomacy and more spontaneous violence than the sicilians, but he had his huge north side portion to exploit and he made a great deal of money. there sit men who make moving averages of weekly volume, monthly averages of price-earnings ratios, ratios of the number of advances to the number of declines, ratios of an individual stock's performance to overall market performance, ratios of rising price volume to falling price volume, odd-lot indices, and what not.
+send your return to the director of internal revenue for the district in which you have your legal residence or principal place of business. a great deal depends on the crystallization of mr. kennedy's views on the world struggle. it will be an uphill struggle. we have ample light when the sun sets; the temperature of our homes is independent of the seasons; we fly through the air, although gravity pulls us down; the range of our voice ignores distance. the evening of our first day we drove with christopher and judy sakellariadis, who were friends and patients of norton, to dine at a restaurant on the shores of the aegean.
+in both cases he desired information about placing the freedmen in homes once they arrived in the north. save your bacon. she is such a dear quiet thing,' deborah went on, half to herself, as she swam lazily about in the pool, `and she sits purring so nicely by the fire, licking her paws and washing her face -- and she is such a nice soft thing to nurse -- and she's such a capital one for catching mice -- oh, i beg your pardon!' cried deborah again, for this time the mouse was bristling all over, and she felt certain it must be really offended. soft in the head. manager hemus, eager to end a pitching slump that has brought four losses in the five games on the current home stand, moved gibson to the wednesday night starting assignment.
+but one wouldn't have to appeal to something outside the universe, to determine how the universe began. he cites with pleasure the comment of a lady, who exclaimed after a concert : why, it's extremely interesting. as cool as a cucumber. their demand against the calvinist orthodoxy for intellectual liberty had never meant that they would follow free inquiry to the extreme of proclaiming christianity a natural religion. apparently the population as a whole eventually acquires enough confidence in the explanations of the scientists to modify its procedures and its fears.
+beyond the call of duty. they have not been friendly for years. `oh, you can't help that,' said the cat: `we're all mad here. on november 24th, they had made a raid on la maddalena.
+la dolce vita.
+and she squeezed herself up closer to deborah's side as she spoke. this means that they were closer together in the past. some government scientists say privately that the figure probably is closer to 80 megatons, and that the full 50-megaton bomb that khrushchev mentioned may still be detonated. this has been his first encounter with mankind, and, although he has now become a legendary figure in the popular european press, it leaves him profoundly dissatisfied. it was a pyrrhic victory.
+when the writer uses material does he tamper with it to improve its commercial effect or does he leave it pure? first, because i'm on the same side of the door as you are; secondly, because they're making such a noise inside, no one could possibly hear you.' the steady state theory, was what karl popper would call, a good scientific theory: it made definite predictions, which could be tested by observation, and possibly falsified. it certainly agrees with all the observational tests that have been carried out. two wrongs to the editor of the inquirer : i suppose i am missing some elementary point but i honestly cannot see how two wrongs can make a right ] i am referring to this country conducting atmosphere tests of nuclear bombs just because russia is.
+japanese fishermen have sometimes observed that sardines hauled up in their nets during a tsunami have enormously swollen stomachs; the fish have swallowed vast numbers of bottom-living diatoms, raised to the surface by the disturbance. unfortunately, few of the artists (writers, movie producers, dramatists and musicians) who have used american folklore since 1900 have known enough to distinguish between the two streams even in the most general of ways. it is presumed that this negative head was associated with some geometric factor of the assembly, since different readings were obtained with the same fluid and the only apparent difference was the assembly and disassembly of the apparatus. there were a few blades of lint on the shoulder. chip on his shoulder.
+the primary reason for the abandonment of the shore occupied by thesis has been the assimilation and accumulation of archaeological evidence, the most striking feature of early english studies in this century. in recent years anna xydis has played with the new york philharmonic and at lewisohn stadium, but her program last night at town hall was the greek-born pianist's first new york recital since 1948. a little investigation by telephone or reading the travel ads in the newspapers and magazines will give you these pertinent details on the additional money-saving benefits. to travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive. `well, perhaps your feelings may be different,' said debbie; `all i know is, it would feel very queer to me.'
+feelings of a community of interest will have to be recreated -- in some of the new nations, indeed, they must be built for the first time -- on a new basis which looks toward the future and does not rely only on shared memories of the past. this conclusion is dependent on the assumption that traditional sex mores will continue to sanction both premarital chastity as the ideal, and the double standard holding females primarily responsible for preserving the ideal. why not put a cafe in each so the tourists would not have to travel too far to eat? whether in his forthcoming book c. p. snow commits the errors of judgment and of fact with which your heavily autobiographical critic charged him is important.
+he ended his public career as a two-term governor of new york.
+two questions i shall discuss are, 'what is the probability of life existing else where in the universe?' and, 'how may life develop in the future?' the same is true of areas which at first look good because of a few existing recreation features but may actually be poor areas to develop for general public use. `of course,' the shrew said: `advance twice, set to partners --' `-- change lobsters, and retire in same order,' continued the rat. so it might seem possible, that as we advance in science and technology, we might be able to construct a wormhole, or warp space and time in some other way, so as to be able to travel into our past. this is an important step because any misalignment would cause progressively worse misalignment in the hull as you advance in construction.
+i'll try and say "how doth the little --"' and she crossed her hands on her lap as if she were saying lessons, and began to repeat it, but her voice sounded hoarse and strange, and the words did not come the same as they used to do:-- `how doth the little crocodile improve his shining tail, and pour the waters of the nile on every golden scale! the figure stopped and one hand was perilously freed from the hamper to scratch the nose. mercer is supposed to have refused it with, anyone who wears a square monacle must be affected ] everett miller, then assistant director for the garrick gaieties, a theatre guild production, needed a lyricist for a song he had written; he just happened not to need any actor at the moment, however. basin street beat but she does indicate festivities will start early, that a jazz combo will give with the basin street beat during the cocktail and dinner hours and that lester lanin's orchestra will take over during the dancing. thus, the universe wou
ld be a completely self-contained system.
+it contained, for example, a number of curious admissions about the peasants, who enjoy no sickness benefits, no old-age pensions, no paid holidays; they still benefit far less than the other 50 per cent of the nation from that welfare state which the soviet union so greatly prides itself on being. one can speculate that one might have life with some other chemical basis, such as silicon, but carbon seems the most favourable case, because it has the richest chemistry. here keys and others, such as dr. a. e. ahrens of the rockefeller institute, took over to demonstrate the chemical difference between vegetable and animal fats -- and even between different varieties of each. climb onto the bandwagon. the really remarkable thing to me is that most california natives unhesitatingly elect to slow down and permit the invading car free access.
+the need that we not give unqualified approval to any but a limited use of economic pressure directed against the actual doers of injustice is clear also in light of the fact that white citizens' councils seem resolved to maintain segregation mainly by the use of these same means and not ordinarily by physical violence. `you are old,' said the youth, `as i mentioned before, and have grown most uncommonly fat; yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door -- pray, what is the reason of that?' she's fat. chew the fat. somewhere in mrs. reavey's play there is both protest and aspiration of merit.
+he dropped him into the street a couple of feet away from geely's recumbent figure and stared down at both of them for a moment before kicking the big man lightly in the side. the acropolis had been scheduled for the treatment too, but apparently it was to take place at the time of the full moon when the athenians themselves, out of respect for the natural beauty of the occasion, were wont to forgo their own usual nocturnal illumination. drop a line. it was so pretty and artless that she felt like a child again and would have enjoyed running out barefoot to play on the wet grass with all the growing things, but doaty never permitted bare feet and she was decidedly not a child but une femme d'un certain age.
+perhaps present writers hypnotically cling to the older order because they consider it useful and reliable through repeated testings over the decades.
+still, his finale is put together with taste and a most sensitive projection of that pale sustenance, despair. by contrast, a paper back novel might contain two million bits of information. the roof was about ready to fall in on diane's little world, but it took nothing less than the egyptian revolution to bring it down. raise the roof. kill two birds with one stone.
+it was a hell hole. this means that the events we observe lie on what is called our past light cone. but in this approach it is the artist's ultimate insight, rather than his immediate impressions, that gives form to the work. but there was terror in the thirties when the nazis were on the loose and in those days low struck like lightning. up a gum tree.
+`how surprised he'll be when he finds out who i am! on the other hand, a husband who always has been vigorous and assertive may suddenly become passive -- asking, psychologists say, for reassurance that his wife still finds him desirable. the charles men consists not of a connected narrative but of a group of short stories, each depicting a special phase of the general subject. `mine is a long and a sad tale!' said the mouse, turning to debbie, and sighing. `would you tell me,' said edna, a little timidly, `why you are painting those roses?'
+drafted into the austrian army, he rebelliously rejected discipline, wangled a vienna billet, went on painting. he moved forward to within thirty-five feet of her, being careful, because he knew the female is less predictable than the male. thirty for now. the third amended the enabling act for creation of the lamar county hospital district, for which a special constitutional amendment previously was adopted. this causes the apparent position of the star or radio source, to shift slightly, when the sun is between the earth and the source.
+she had talked her boy friend into sending her to new york to take a screen test. but it seems that quantum effects can remove the most objectionable feature, of singularities in classical general relativity. the grounds for the church's position are scriptural (old testament), the teachings of the fathers and doctors of the early church, the unbroken tradition of nineteen centuries, the decisions of the highest ecclesiastical authority and the natural law. you may be sure he marries her in the end and has a fine old knockdown fight with the brother, and that there are plenty of minor scraps along the way to ensure that you understand what the word donnybrook means.
+`i've so often read in the newspapers, at the end of trials, "there was some attempts at applause, which was immediately suppressed by the officers of the court," and i never understood what it meant till now.'
+perfect, complete entities, if they move at all, do not move towards what they lack. because of these chewing troubles, a child may avoid certain foods he needs for adequate nutrition. hence, if what is in question is whether in a given theology myth is or is not completely rejected, it is unimportant whether only a little bit of myth or a considerable quantity is accepted; for, in either event, the first possibility is excluded. headquarters of the nassau system is an increasingly busy place these days, threatening to expand beyond its boundaries. as busy as a bee.
+i mean, we all figured -- i guess anybody'd figure -- angie -- angelo gave him an affectionate smile. lewis could let his eye caress the prince's divan, covered with a rose-pink and silver turkish cloth, or admire the lovely tapis, interwoven with gold, that spread across the floor. thus the sequence of nucleic acids on one chain defines a unique, complementary sequence, on the other chain. a horizon even and seamless, binding the vast sun-bleached dome of sky to earth. that's just pie in the sky.
+on one of his 1921 ventures he was actually come upon by a detective sergeant john j. ryan down on his knees with a tool embedded in a labour office safe in the postal telegraph building; the jury wanted better evidence than that and he was acquitted, at a cost of $30,000 in bribes, it was estimated. `i don't think they play at all fairly,' michelle began, in rather a complaining tone, `and they all quarrel so dreadfully one can't hear oneself speak -- and they don't seem to have any rules in particular; at least, if there are, nobody attends to them -- and you've no idea how confusing it is all the things being alive; for instance, there's the arch i've got to go through next walking about at the other end of the ground -- and i should have croqueted the dalai-lama's hedgehog just now, only it ran away when it saw mine coming!' paradoxically the council is weakest in areas that register 4- and 5-to-1 in the party's favor, strongest where democrats and republicans compete on
a fairly even basis. it's a complete thigh contraction-extension exercise. let this be a lesson to you never to lose your temper!'
+lose your lunch. on the other hand, it must have been obvious, that society is evolving in culture and technology. the place was evidently a familiar haunt and claire wondered what other illicit loves had been celebrated in the comfortable rooms to which they were shown. the professor in turn dares not tolerate the influence in his classes of an organization in the policies and standards of which he has no voice. an absent minded professor.
+also on the bill at the fifty-fifth street is a nice ten-minute color film called sunday in greenwich village, a tour of the haunts and joints. there's one born every minute. he said this constituted a very serious misuse of the criminal court processes. fall apart at the seams.
+for example, don't pay in a truck policy for medical coverage that you may be paying for in a health and accident policy.
+of course, the great majority of this information is garbage, and no use to any form of life. by the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women. the question might be asked : don't the managements of the heavy-electrical-goods manufacturers know these facts? she was looking about for some way of escape, and wondering whether she could get away without being seen, when she noticed a curious appearance in the air: it puzzled her very much at first, but, after watching it a minute or two, she made it out to be a grin, and she said to herself `it's the cheshire cat: now i shall have somebody to talk to.' one possibility is that the argument, about the appearance of life on earth, is wrong.
+their appearance, next spring, coincides in an almost uncanny way with the flowering of their host plants. michelle thought she had never seen such a curious croquet-ground in her life; it was all ridges and furrows; the balls were live hedgehogs, the mallets live flamingoes, and the soldiers had to double themselves up and to stand on their hands and feet, to make the arches. both, of course, were remarkable feats and further embossed the fact that baseball rightfully is the national pastime. `give your evidence,' said the king; `and don't be nervous, or i'll have you executed on the spot.' pick the flowers, keep the soil dampened, and each of the pegged-down branches will take root and become a little plant and go on blooming for the rest of the season.
+let one thousand flowers bloom. as always, a tape recording or detailed notes are made, and a typescript of this is sent to the absent sitter. viii. the croquet-ground. a large rose-tree stood near the entrance of the garden: the roses growing on it were white, but there were three gardeners at it, busily painting them red. when words can be used in a more fresh and primitive way so that they strike with the force of sights and sounds, when tones of sound and colors of paint and the carven shape all strike the sensibilities with an undeniable force of data in and of themselves, compelling the observer into an attitude of attention, all this imitates the way experience itself in its deepest character strikes upon the door of consciousness and clamors for entrance. uncle dick.
+if i hafta do this to stay alive by god i'll do it. for ten minutes they ran beneath the squall, raising their arms and, for the first time, shouting and capering. by this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene (molecular weight reported to be 770) was over half an atmosphere. protons and electrons bear opposite electrical charges which make them attract each other, and when they are joined they make up an atom of hydrogen -- the basic building block of matter. bear down.
+when entries are being retrieved from this file, the table of dictionary usage indicates which entries to skip and which entries to store in the computer. his voice shook a little. yet it is now taken for granted. through which he has granted us the very great and precious promises, so that through them you may become partaker of the divine nature.
+what god has joined together let no man put asunder.
+the girls are charming children and the men are wonderfully vital and engaging youngsters. it was september 20, 1960, in a lavishly decorated apartment littered with liquor bottles. understanding, as he did, the difficulty of the art of poetry, and believing that the only technical criticism worth having in poetry is that of poets, he felt obliged to insist upon his duty to be hard to please when it came to the review of a book of verse. thus, if public pressure sets the effective limit to the price that the industry may charge, this pressure is itself a function of the wage rate. however, on the second time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted!
+planck regarded the idea of quanta, as just a mathematical trick, and not as having any physical reality, whatever that might mean. result is a better prospect for a full payoff by bonds that once were regarded as highly speculative. in order to discuss observations in cosmology, it is helpful to draw a diagram of events in space and time, with time going upward, and the space directions horizontal. draw a line in the sand. shayne stepped back to let him slump to the ground, and then dived over him through the open door into harris who was cursing loudly and trying to drag a gun from a shoulder holster, somewhat impeded by the steering wheel.
+the vision thing. wild and woolly. instead, they are represented by what is called a wave function. `take off your hat,' the king said to the plumber. he had retained his hat and his horn, and, whatever fun might still be going, he was ready to join it.
+cosmic strings may sound far-fetched, and pure science fiction, but there are good scientific reasons to believed they could have formed in the very early universe, shortly after the big bang. as pure as the driven snow. at this date, it seems probable that the name of serge prokofieff will appear in the archives of history, as an effective traditionalist, who was fully aware of the lure and danger of experimentation, and used it as it served his purpose; yet was never caught up in it -- never a slave to its academic dialectics. it is a consistent picture, but it would imply that we were completely determined: we couldn't change our minds. to his harvard colleague, josiah royce, whose philosophic position differed radically from his own, james could write, different as our minds are, yours has nourished mine, as no other social influence ever has, and in converse with you i have always felt that my life was being lived importantly.
+anybody's guess. the szolds, like the marches, enjoyed and loved living together, even in troubled times; and, as in the march home, any young man who called on the szolds found himself confronted with a phalanx of femininity which made it rather difficult to direct his particular attention to any one of them. cut off your nose to spite your face. the superb intellectual and spiritual vitality of william james was never more evident than in his letters.
+so they go looking for mergers with other firms that have publicly quoted stock, and almost daily they pound on the doors of firms like frito.
+joe naturally ruled that a ball be dropped from alongside the spot where it had originally entered the stream. martin tahse has established quite a reputation for himself as a successful stager of touring productions. so, can space and time be warped enough, to meet the demands from science fiction, for things like hyper space drives, wormholes, or time travel. her invitation from premier joseph smallwood is reported to be the only one extended to a woman. `not at all,' said michelle: `she's so extremely --' just then she noticed that petra was close behind her, listening: so she went on, `-- likely to win, that it's hardly worth while finishing the game.'
+it is a no win situation: the more accurately you try to measure the position of the particle, the less accurately you can know the speed, and vice versa. win one for the gipper. cherry pick. the work had its beginning in 1938 with an eight-bar musical strain to which koehler set the words there'll be no more work; there'll be no more worry, matching the spiritual feeling of the jot. had the situation been reversed, had, for instance, england been the enemy in 1898 because of issues of concern chiefly to new england, there is little doubt that large numbers of southerners would have happily put on their old confederate uniforms to fight as allies of britain.
+this is summed up in the uncertainty principle that heisenberg formulated; the uncertainty in the position of a particle, times the uncertainty in its speed, is always greater than a quantity called planck's constant, divided by the mass of the particle. in a certain perfectly definite way, the method and the theme of his stories are one and the same. william's conduct at first was moderate. smooth runs the water where the brook is deep. `that's enough about lessons,' the walrus interrupted in a very decided tone: `tell her something about the games now.'
+but it would still leave plenty of paradoxes. many patent contests were waged over automobile components and accessories, among them tires, detachable rims, ball bearings, license brackets, and electric horns. the early appearance of life on earth suggests that there's a good chance of the spontaneous generation of life, in suitable conditions. generation x. this absence of boundaries means that the laws of physics would determine the state of the universe uniquely, in imaginary time.
+henrietta, however, was at that time engaged in a lengthy correspondence with joe's older and more serious brother, morris, who was just about her own age and whom she had got to know well during trips to philadelphia with papa, when he substituted for rabbi jastrow at rodeph shalom temple there during its rabbi's absence in europe. absence makes the heart grow fonder. first of all, it is now known that pope john sees the renewal and purification of the church as an absolutely necessary step toward christian unity. power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.
+during early childhood, children are more interested in the approval of their parents and teachers than they are in the approval of other children; after they have been in school a few years, their interest in playmates of their own age increases, and their interest in adults decreases; the child who had once considered it a treat to accompany his parents on picnics and family gatherings now considers it a bore.
+for me, these will belong more completely to their surroundings if they are conceived in this early stage, though i freely admit that i do not hesitate to add or eliminate figures on the full sheet when it serves my final purpose. instead, i shall adopt what is known as the weak anthropic principle. we are forced, in our behavior towards others, to adopt empirically successful patterns in toto because we have such a minimal understanding of their essential elements. after the family has settled in the shelter, the housekeeping rules should be spelled out by the adult in charge. she generally gave herself very good advice, (though she very seldom followed it), and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people.
+this organization will differ from existing assistance programs in that its members will supplement technical advisers by offering the specific skills needed by developing nations if they are to put technical advice to work. when the detective left, andrus phoned his secretary to cancel his work and to advise the network to get a substitute director for his current project. sometimes we'd have trouble persuading her to make tax-exempt charitable contributions, and i've known her to quarrel with a plumber over a bill for fixing a faucet; the next moment she'd put another half million into the scholarship fund or thirty thousand into something as impractical as this unfortunate johnston affair. (d) since the shape of the drop conforms to the force field, it does not appreciably affect the distribution of forces in the fluid. `i couldn't afford to learn it.'
+only afterwards did an act like that become meaningless, so that he would puzzle over it for days, whereas at the time it had seemed quite real. almost any travel agent will reserve a car for you. my aim in mentioning this factor obviously is not to give license to wild therapy but rather to encourage us to use the time-honored clinical casework skills we already possess, and to use them with greater confidence, precision, and professional pride. she's a bit of all right. there is no alternative.
+we hope, they said, that no family can be found amongst us without a correct version of the holy scriptures. put the cat amongst the pigeons. but as i have said before, if i announce my candidacy, i will have something definite to say about running mates. all pricks like coughlin run it anyway, one way or another. (c) payments made pursuant to this title shall be made only to the person or persons on behalf of whom the award is made, except that -- (1) if such person is deceased or is under a legal disability, payment shall be made to his legal representative : provided, that if the total award is not over $500 and there is no qualified executor or administrator, payment may be made to the person or persons found by the comptroller general of the united states to be entitled thereto, without the necessity of compliance with the requirements of law with respect to the administration of estates; (2) in the case of a partnership or corporation, the existence of which has been t
erminated and on behalf of which an award is made, payment shall be made, except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), to the person or persons found by the comptroller general of the united states to be entitled thereto; (3) if a receiver or trustee for any such partnership or corporation has been duly appoint.
+the appointment was made in a move to expand the engineering services offered to the designers of electronic systems through assistance in electro-magnetic compatability problems. i would like to quote from the charter of the united nations : article 17, section 1 : the general assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the organization. `it's really dreadful,' she muttered to herself, `the way all the creatures argue. it may be, of course, that such objectives can be pursued consisently with a policy designed to overthrow communism; my point is that where conflicts arise they must always be resolved in favor of achieving the indispensable condition for a tolerant world -- the absence of soviet communist power.
+we had stopped before a shop window to assess its autumnal display, when you suddenly turned to me, looking up from beneath one of your wrong hats, and with your nervous ahem ] said : there are things i must tell you about this man you are marrying which he does not know himself.
+this accounts for the wide variance in assessment practices of movable tangible property in the various municipalities in rhode island. their main asset is an abundance of unsaturated fatty acids, so necessary for maintaining the good health of the circulatory system. it has been my lot all through life to associate with eminent scientists and at times to discuss with them the deepest and most vital of all questions, the nature of the hope of a life beyond this. how in the world did one attach a pegboard to a stone wall? aye-yah-ah-ah ] the indian was again raising his bottle, but to my astonished relief -- probably only a fraction of johnson's -- the bottle this time went to the indian's lips.
+they had a large canvas bag, which tied up at the mouth with strings: into this they slipped the guinea-pig, head first, and then sat upon it.) pale yellow snapdragons that by pinching could be made to bite; seed-pods of the balsams that snapped like fire-crackers at a touch; red-and-yellow columbines whose round-tipped spurs were picked off and eaten for the honey in them; morning-glory buds which could be so grasped and squeezed that they burst like a blown-up paper bag; bright flowers from the trumpet vine that made gloves on the ends of ten waggling fingers. everywhere there are little touches of humor, and the leader of the on-stage band of musicians is an ebullient comedian who plays all sorts of odd instruments with winning warmth. we few, we happy few, we band of brothers. the threadbare notion that belief, unlike behaviour, is not subject to objective analysis, has placed intuitive metaphysics squarely against the sociology of knowledge, since it is precisely the jo
b of the sociology of knowledge to treat beliefs as social facts no less viable than social behaviour.
+the common codes, for religious action as such and in their ethical aspects for everyday moral behavior, bind the devotees together. `only mustard isn't a bird,' penelope remarked. the ungainly bird thing ran away, and to david its croaking sounded like the crowing of a tormented rooster. he glanced up in time to see roberts hurtling down on him from above, literally flying through the air, his bloody face twisted. a good many pages of the first section are taken up with an account of the dogged determination of the prisoners to write to their wives and families -- even when it becomes clear that the germans are simply allowing the letters to blow away in the wind.
+blow chunks. `same as if he had a bone in his throat,' said the unicorn: and it set to work shaking him and punching him in the back. why it was ever forgotten for even a moment i cannot say because it works perfectly for everyone, no matter whether he has short or long thigh-bone lengths ] it is the one exercise that drastically influences the definition of the thighs at the hipline -- that mark of the champion that sets him apart from all other bodybuilders; a criterion of muscle drama that is unforgettable to judges and audiences alike; the facet of muscular development that wins prizes. have a bone to pick. as she said this, she looked up, and there was the cat again, sitting on a branch of a tree.
+the first mention of an electric plant in manchester seems to be one installed in reuben colvin's and houghton's gristmill on the west branch in factory point. olive branch. along the 127-mile route through great smoky mountains national park you can photograph the breath-taking peaks, gorges and valleys which come into view at every turn. a second twitched his shirtsleeve, and he felt a brief burn on his upper arm.
+as the bus turned into the main highway and headed toward hanover i settled back in my seat and closed my eyes, thinking over the events of the past two weeks, trying to put the pieces in order.
+she had a face like the back of a bus. county supervisor weldon r. sheets, who is a candidate for the democratic gubernatorial nomination, today called for an end to paper ballots in those counties in the state which still use them. use of nomenclature, symbols, units, physical constants for punched-card or tape storage of information all literature values must be conformed to a common language. they all surrounded him, the family circle, theresa and george as solemn as if they were watching the cat have kittens, and cousin emma running back and forth with a kettle of hot water which she poured steaming into a white enamelled pan. for a moment, she could not catch her breath and then, her breath returning in short, frightened spasms, she lifted herself to her feet laboriously.
+catch 22. `i must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. we now have observations that point to black holes in a number of objects, from binary star systems, to the centre of galaxies. the wheel of social life spun around the royal or aristocratic centre. so she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
+greasy soils, which are typified by hydrocarbons and fats (esters of glycerol with long-chain organic acids). ball and chain. as a designer and manufacturer of textile production machinery, leesona and other companies in its industry have sought to meet this challenge with new or improved equipment and methods that would increase production, yet maintain both quality and flexibility. here the absent sitter makes a date with a communicator (someone close to him who is deceased), asking him to come in at a certain hour, when a channel will be open for him. at the same time, roosevelt's federal housing administration, coupled with henry morgenthau's cheap-money policy, permitted ordinary lower-middle-class families to build their own homes.
+in general, any outcome we choose may be labeled success. just as now anyone may hurl insults at a citizen of mars, or even of tikopia, and no senatorial investigation will result. after a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going into the garden at once; but, alas for poor penelope! when she got to the door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing sat down and cried. at least he could climb up on the fence when his tormenters roared by again. in 1922, the united mine workers struck the coronado coal company.
+by an effort of historical sympathy we can cast our minds back into the art of a remote past or an alien present, and enjoy the carvings of cavemen and japanese colour-prints; but the possibility of this effort is bound up with that development of historical thought which is the greatest achievement of our civilization in the last two centuries, and it is utterly impossible to people in whom this development has not taken place. the place was a riot of colour. at one extreme are the systems of upper new york state, where libraries in two or more counties combine to serve a large, sparsely populated area. county college costs to the editor : sir -- permit me to commend your editorial in which you stress the fact that a program of county colleges will substantially increase local tax burdens and that taxpayers have a right to a clear idea of what such a program would commit them to.
+shall i compare thee to a summer's day?.
+decide first what the place is worth to you and your family as a home in comparison with what it would cost to live in town. it was possible, however, to decompose the compliance into a sum of a frequency-independent component and two viscoelastic mechanisms, each compatible with the boltzmann superposition principle and with a consistent set of time-temperature equivalence factors. although there was some variation in results which must be attributed either to trace impurities or to variation in wall effects, the photochemical exchange in the gas phase was sufficiently reproducible so that it seemed meaningful to compare the reaction rates in different series of reaction tubes for the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of chlorine concentration and of carbon tetrachloride concentration on the reaction rate. if the observations disagreed with the predictions of the no boundary hypothesis, we would have to conclude the hypothesis was false. one may conclude that m
ost of the detected micrometeoritic material is concentrated in orbital streams which intersect the earth's orbit.
+the reason is, i think, my awareness that my remarks last quarter on pacifism may well have served to confirm the opinion of some that my tendency to skepticism and dissent gets us nowhere, and that i am simply too old to hope. there is a conflict among the defendants. we have every obligation to take seriously their claims to being democratic and free countries; we also have, in consequence, the duty to appraise realistically and honestly their performance and to communicate our judgments to their leaders in frank but friendly ways. basically, the foam machines that produce such stock consist of two or more pumping units, a variable mixer, a nozzle carriage assembly, and, in many cases, a conveyor belt to transport and contain the liquid during the reaction process and until it solidifies into foam. `are you content now?' said the caterpillar.
+this intellectual approach to spiritual life suited me well, because i was never content to lead a divided life. context is of extreme importance. such errors would contribute to a gradual genetic drift, which seems to occur in all populations. the state ballet of rhode island, the first incorporated group, was formed for the purpose of extending knowledge of the art of ballet in the community, to promote interest in ballet performances, to contribute to the cultural life of the state, and to provide opportunity for gifted dance students who, for one reason or another, are unable to pursue a career and to develop others for the professional state; and now, therefore, do i, john a. notte, jr., governor of the state of rhode island and providence plantations, proclaim the week of monday, november 13, 1961, as the state ballet of rhode island week, requesting all rhode islanders to give special attention to this unusual event which should contribute to the cultural life of the
state. mr. nikolais has made a distinctive contribution to the arts of costume and decor.
+but no president ever before referred to his as a lousy job (as walter trohan recently quoted president kennedy as doing in conversation with sen. barry goldwater). according to the new theories, the nineteenth century corporate sovereign was sovereign in a quite new and different sense from his historical predecessors. several times it came near breaking, and there were in fact some lovely peals of thunder from jerry mulligan's big band, which is about as fine an aggregation as has come along in the jazz business since john hammond found count basie working in a kansas city trap. folk-lore, superstition and remembered passages from erotic literature can create physical and emotional problems if blindly taken as scientific facts and useful hints. he has a nose for crime.
+piepsam's fatal rage arises not only because he cannot stop the cyclist, but also because god will not stop him; as piepsam says to the crowd in his last moments : his justice is not of this world. far from the madding crowd. `chorus again!' cried the lion, and the cheetah had just begun to repeat it, when a cry of `the trial's beginning!' was heard in the distance. today a battle cry may seem an anachronism, for in the modern army, esprit de corps has been sacrificed to organizational charts and tables.
+they all three had another cup of coffee.
+my cup runneth over. other brothers later joined them for instruction with oldenburg, the wigmaker, and also arithmetic was added to bible reading, german, and danish in the informal curriculum. the customer loses again. there was collateral damage. a little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
+fortunately, the debt of gravitational energy will not have to be repaid until the end of the universe. a third thomas bushell (1594-1674), much loved by bacon, called himself the superlative prodigall in the first part of youths errors (1628) and became an expert on silver mines and on the art of running into debt. however, she got up, and began to repeat it, but her head was so full of the lobster quadrille, that she hardly knew what she was saying, and the words came very queer indeed:-- `'tis the voice of the lobster; i heard him declare, "you have baked me too brown, i must sugar my hair." bergson and leroy announce that the secret is the center of a philosophy and thereafter a hundred followers declare secrecy a higher verity. i have nothing to declare but my genius.
+here are the two preambles : federal constitution, 1789 we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of america. in such a case the defendant should serve as a clear example and not have to be tied to the issue by argument. one can define life to be an ordered system that can sustain itself against the tendency to disorder, and can reproduce itself. here briefly in this humble tribute i have sought for some simple and succinct summation that would define the immense service of this patriot to his country. thus it fits the definition of a living system, that i have given.
+very soon after his arrival in little rock, pike had joined one of the most influential organizations in town, the little rock debating society, and it was with this group that he made his debut as an orator, being invited to deliver the annual fourth of july address the club sponsored every year. stand and deliver. `i deny it!' said the squirrel. most of these, with horrible exceptions, were conceived as is a ship, not as an attempt to quell the ocean of mankind, nor to deny its force, but as a means to survive and enjoy it. he or his deputy or one of their seven assistants, all full colonels, mans the heart of the command post twenty-four hours a day.
+the terms renewal and refreshed, which often come up in aesthetic discussion, seem partly to derive their import from the renewal of purpose and a refreshed sense of significance a person may receive from poetry, drama, and fiction. it becomes most evident in his description of christ as the second adam, who does indeed come to destroy sin, but whose work culminates in the achievement of immortality. it beggar'd all description. during the first few days of wearing the appliance and immediately following each adjustment, susan may have a slight discomfort or soreness, but after a short time this will disappear.
+it would not be easy to discover a more thoroughly southern pedigree than that of his family.
+but some people won't be able to resist the temptation, to improve human characteristics, such as size of memory, resistance to disease, and length of life. to the middle of september 1918, there had been fewer than 10,000 deaths from disease in the new army. they divide up the household chores : cerv does most of the cooking (breakfast and sandwich snacks, with dinner out), mantle supplies the transportation (a white 1961 oldsmobile convertible), and maris drives the 25-minute course from the apartment house to yankee stadium. the potters, in particular, had virtually eschewed freehand drawing, elaborate motifs, and the curving lines of nature, while yet expressing a belief that there was order in the universe. on the glass partition between me and the driver were three signs : one asked for help for the blind, another help for orphans, and the third for relief for the war refugees.
+he was a back seat driver. all the additives listed here are sanctioned for use by the food and drug administration of the federal government. mr. sansom actually writes his with a nice ear for a gracefully composed sentence, with an intense relish in all the metaphorical resources of english, with a thick shower of sophisticated, cultural references. minors minors must also file returns if they earn $600 or more during the year. set the apples in the pastry-lined tin, spread over them three tablespoonfuls of softened butter, with as much brown sugar, a sprinkling of nutmeg, and a fresh bay leaf, then lay on a cover of pastry, and gild it with beaten yolk of egg.
+i will give you a nest egg. the electric gadget is most helpful when there are many crowned teeth and in individuals who are elderly, bedfast with a chronic disease, or are handicapped by disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. there is some indication from a limited number of interviews with members of the population that the element of power, primarily the voluntary influence of non-authoritative power, has been exerted on actors in the system, particularly in regard to mate selection. some people have therefore suggested that life came to earth from elsewhere, and that there are seeds of life floating round in the galaxy. an alert dean will confer all through the year on personnel needs, plans for the future, qualifications of those on the job, and bright prospects elsewhere.
+when these fields are surveyed together, important patterns of relationship emerge indicating a vast community of reciprocal influence, a continuity of thought and expression including many traditions, primarily literary, religious, and philosophical, but frequently including contact with the fine arts and even, to some extent, with science. the conversion to magnetic tape is not yet completed, he said, and added field's long service in state government and welfare employ gave him familiarity with the welfare program. to win her favors, her husband first took an additional job, then desperately began to embezzle from his employer. this is that the classical theory, does not enable one to calculate what would come out of a singularity, because all the laws of physics would break down there. what better affirmative step could be taken to this end than repeal of the connally amendment -- an act which could expose the united states to no practical risk yet would put an end to ou
r self-judging attitude toward the court, enable us to utilize it, and advance in a tangible way the cause of international law and order?
+this did not seem to encourage the witness at all: he kept shifting from one foot to the other, looking uneasily at rebecca, and in his confusion he bit a large piece out of his teacup instead of the bread-and-butter. the poor little thing was snorting like a steam-engine when she caught it, and kept doubling itself up and straightening itself out again, so that altogether, for the first minute or two, it was as much as she could do to hold it. while the pupil sang the second verse of the song, she kept tossing the baby violently up and down, and the poor little thing howled so, that penelope could hardly hear the words:-- `i speak severely to my boy, i beat him when he sneezes; for he can thoroughly enjoy the pepper when he pleases!' in the middle grades, however, he begins to participate more effectively in group activities such as selecting a leader, helping to make plans and carry on group activities, and setting up rules governing the enterprise.
+the sweep of space, the delicate counterbalance of the white masses, the over-all completeness and unity, the originality and imagination, all entitle it to be called an authentic masterpiece.
+most entry blanks for competitive events require engine displacement information because of class restrictions. all areas of history were either favorably or adversely affected by the geographical environment, and no respectable historian could pursue the study of history without a thorough knowledge of geography. simultaneously, a variety of environmental supports -- a calm but not too motherly homemaker, referral for temporary economic aid, intelligent use of nursing care, accompaniment to the well-baby clinic for medical advice on the twins' feeding problem -- combined to prevent further development of predictable pathological mechanisms. they were asked to vote true if they thought they had seen him make the error, false if they thought he had not; and cannot say if they were not certain. a recent, and more pertinent action, has been the establishment of a technical staff reporting to the vice-president for engineering.
+a fragmented society (3) over the years, individuals engaged in the sale of real estate have developed remarkable unity in the methods and practices employed. the unshielded flux is given in the last column; these figures constitute the best estimate for the flux in interplanetary space near the earth. comprehensive examination of any policy question calls for the performance of the intellectual tasks inseparable from any problem-solving method. and he added in an undertone to rebecca, `really, my dear, you must cross-examine the next witness. we must, therefore, have a look at the new archaeological material and re-examine the literary and place-name evidence which bears upon the problem.
+so it was that when mr. brown and mr. sharpe first saw the french tool on exhibition in paris in 1868, they brought a sample with them to the united states and started brown & sharpe in yet another field where it retains its leadership to this day. (b) all research within the united states contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of this act, shall be provided for in such manner that all information, uses, products, processes, patents, and other developments resulting from such research developed by government expenditure will (with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the secretary may find `-- so long as i get somewhere,' sharon added as an explanation. what are the chances that we will encounter some alien form of life, as we explore the galaxy. he bases his present contention on the general right to explore, indicating that he hopes to find some discrepancy in the resume.
+he can be expected, however, to examine and interpret the information already available; to refine and extend his own techniques for studying individual children; and to utilize opportunities, arising in connection with regular classroom activities, for gaining a better understanding of his pupils. a third possibility is that there is a reasonable probability for life to form, and to evolve to intelligent beings, in the external transmission phase. extra, extra, read all about it. one possibility is that the formation of something like dna, which could reproduce itself, is extremely unlikely. during the early part of this century, the brown & sharpe works in providence were unchallenged as the largest single manufacturing facility devoted exclusively to precision machinery and tool manufacture anywhere in the world.
+another way, in which life could fail to develop to an intelligent stage, would be if an asteroid or comet were to collide with the planet. always troubled by poor circulation in his feet, he experimented with various combinations of socks and shoes before finally adopting old-style felt farmer's boots with his sheepskin flying boots pulled over them. there was no way to predict what they would do, and the only hope was to win favour by gifts or actions. i ask you to do me the last favour of reading them by 8 to-morrow evening, about which time i sh
+as one added more layers of paint, the ball would eventually fill half the space.
+in both cases the finger-post represents pip's heightened awareness of contrary magnetisms. after spending two nights (wednesday and thursday) in catskill, the deputies again headed for the vermejo to finish their business. others, which are reached by walking up a single flight of stairs, have balconies. to me you'll always be the girl o' my dreams, an' the sweetest flower that grows. fly by the seat of your pants.
+here the war would flame to its focus, and here lewis littlepage had come. but it is not too difficult to visualise a two dimensional surface, like a saddle, or the surface of a football. `they're putting down their names,' the giraffe whispered in reply, `for fear they should forget them before the end of the trial.' the concern they felt for me was such as i shall never forget and for which i will always be grateful. in contrast to cocktail parties, military organizations, even in the field, are more formal.
+along with the fruit they did also fall under the power of death, because they did eat in disobedience; and disobedience to god entails death. forbidden fruit. if a massive star, which has burnt up its nuclear fuel, cools and shrinks below a critical size, it will quite literally make a bottomless hole in space-time, that light can't get out of. patterson moos research our patterson moos research division has made further very encouraging progress in development of fuel cells. i hadn't been doing as much work as i used to in westfield and i felt funny about that and wanted to work harder than ever.
+they were staring at him in the same blank and menacing way that the men outside the gate had stared. hark, hark! the lark at heaven's gate sings. there was considerable contrast between this mulligan performance and that of art blakey and the jazz messengers, who are able to generate a tremendous sound for such a small group. this was the steady state theory, proposed by bondi, gold, and hoyle. to gild refined gold, to paint the lily.
+you grant that?' `in my youth,' said the sage, as he shook his grey locks, `i kept all my limbs very supple by the use of this ointment -- one shilling the box -- allow me. a paying guest. but because it is the function of the mind to turn the one into the other by means of the capacities with which words endow it, we do not unwisely examine the type of distinction, in the sphere of politics, on which decisions hang.
+when the mouse heard this, it turned round and swam slowly back to her: its face was quite pale (with passion, sharon thought), and it said in a low trembling voice, `let us get to the shore, and then i'll tell you my history, and you'll understand why it is i hate cats and dogs.'
+and the eaglet bent down its head to hide a smile: some of the other birds tittered audibly. does the surface hide a quite different picture? neither hide nor hair. `then the eleventh day must have been a holiday?' the stranger's eyes were large and sad, as if phil haney had hurt his feelings.
+the natural and primary aesthetic attitude is to enjoy contemporary art, to despise and dislike the art of the recent past, and wholly to ignore everything else. let me illustrate. and our question is, is such an implication consistent with what we meant? in one now-historic first interview, for example, the transcript (reproduced from the book, the first five minutes) goes like this : the therapist's level tone is bland and neutral -- he has, for example, avoided stressing you, which would imply disapproval; or surprise, which would set the patient apart from other people. it is always a temptation for a religious organization, especially a powerful or dominant one, to impose through the clenched fist of the law its creedal viewpoint upon others.
+all these emotions were screwed up to new heights when, after acceptance and the first rehearsals, there ensued such a buzz of excitement among parisian music lovers that duclos had to come running to rousseau to inform him that the news had reached the superintendent of the king's amusements, and that he was now demanding that the work be offered first at the royal summer palace of fontainebleau. hospital officials said the injury was severe but the youth was in good condition last night. such a general boycott might still be a blunt or indiscriminating instrument, and therefore of questionable justification. it can put an end to marginal claims which play havoc with your insurance rates. before they could guess his intention rankin stepped forward and swung the guard's own gun against the uncovered head, hard.
+democrat stanley h. dent, chairman of the house military affairs committee, declined to introduce the bill. his assignment was not a new one because baker had sent him to the mexican border in 1916 to investigate lurid newspaper stories about lack of discipline, drunkenness, and venereal disease in american military camps. i couldn't invite viola to our house, for mother snobbishly refused to receive her. however, this need not involve problems with determinism or free will, if the probabilities are very small, for histories in which space-time is so warped, that time travel is possible over a macroscopic region. the capital expansion programs of business firms involve multi-year budgeting and the same is true of country development programs.
+they would have been hotter than the sun, and would have burnt the original hydrogen and helium, into heavier elements, such as carbon, oxygen, and iron. an iron hoof. determine if the particular state's unadjusted allotment (result obtained in item 11 above) is greater than its maximum allotment, and if so lower its unadjusted allotment to its maximum allotment. put your nose out of joint.
+`of course not,' said the porpoise: `why, if a fish came to me, and told me he was going on a journey, i should say "with what porpoise?"'
+over the rapidly-diminishing outline of a jump seat piled high with luggage herry's black brushcut was just discernible, near, or enviably near that spot where -- hidden -- more delicately-textured, most beautifully tinted hair must still be streaming back in cool, oh cool wind sweetly perfumed with sagebrush and yucca flowers and engine fumes. most of the letters were written in the hubbub of camp, on stumps, pieces of bark, drum heads, or the knee. it was a labour of love. sharon thought the whole thing very absurd, but they all looked so grave that she did not dare to laugh; and, as she could not think of anything to say, she simply bowed, and took the thimble, looking as solemn as she could. you can laugh at his blood-bought salvation, curse his followers, and laugh at hell.
+it was a quarter of seven when the crowd washed me up among the other gallants who had established the astor steps as the beach-head from which to launch their night of merrymaking. barrack room lawyer. they went as rigid as black statuary six figures, lean and tall and angular, went still. it is because each side has sought to implement its distinctive theological belief through legislation and thus indirectly force its belief, or at least the practical consequences thereof upon others. usually premium reductions can be obtained by applying deductibles to your liability plan.
+there was no use in standing there in the drizzle, trying to find a link between emile's murder and opium in a cup of coffee. she was biting into a small red radish; and that action always caused her to lift her lip from the sting of the thing. bite your lip. the carbondale industrial development corp. has obtained a $500,000 loan to help defray the cost of remodeling a city-owned factory to accommodate production that will provide 500 new jobs. in the piazza navona there are many delightful cafes where you can sit, have a drink or lunch, and watch the fountains in the square.
+he must deal with the question of how to manage a part when it cannot be handled without relation to the whole -- when the whole is too large to grasp. there is a project now on, to map the entire sequence of human dna. various methods of pulsing, scanning, and displaying these sound waves are used to detect submarines, map ocean floors, and even communicate under water. mary was free to marry again, not knowing that the sturch had secretly given her a divorce, thinking that death had dissolved her marriage. we will hatch, match and dispatch.
+the long grass rustled at her feet as the porcupine hurried by -- the frightened mouse splashed his way through the neighbouring pool -- she could hear the rattle of the teacups as the soldier and his friends shared their never-ending meal, and the shrill voice of tracey ordering off her unfortunate guests to execution -- once more the pig-baby was sneezing on the teacher's knee, while plates and dishes crashed around it -- once more the shriek of the rhino, the squeaking of the lizard's slate-pencil, and the choking of the suppressed guinea-pigs, filled the air, mixed up with the distant sobs of the miserable whale. she served up a square meal. `may it please your majesty,' said two, in a very humble tone, going down on one knee as he spoke, `we were trying --' `i see!' said tracey, who had meanwhile been examining the roses. vicky kowalski meanwhile learned that several of her fellow students had collected almost $25 for her family during the lunch hour yesterday at fuhrma
nn junior high school, 5155 fourteen mile road east.
+the basic difference between the continuous cutting mechanism and that of the chipping mechanism is that instead of shear occurring in the coating ahead of the knife continuously without fracture, rupture intermittently occurs along the shear plane.
+thus, for aqueous media, we can think of the idealized organic active as an oleophilic or hydrophobic surface-active agent, and of an idealized builder as a oleophobic or hydrophilic surface-active agent. `i hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. both parties and the ministry of the interior were busily at work after the elections trying to unearth the political affiliations of the successful candidates and, thereby, give the elections a confidential but known degree of national political significance. zion was surprised when roy's buggy stopped beside her on the pike one early summer day as she was walking home from the country school where she was teaching now that eph showers had had a call to preach in some mountain town. in a general way, psychiatrists were able to establish on a wide basis what many of them had always felt -- that the most telling cues in psychotherapy are acoustic, that such things as stress and nagging are transmitted by sound alone an
d not necessarily by words.
+the third choice, negotiation, presupposes, as russian behavior demonstrates, a great deal of wishful thinking to make it appear reasonable. gertrude could see, as well as if she were looking over their shoulders, that all the jurors were writing down `stupid things!' on their slates, and she could even make out that one of them didn't know how to spell `stupid,' and that he had to ask his neighbour to tell him. reliance is therefore not to be placed upon the archaeological particulars in an oral poem; no-one today would hope to discover the unmistakable ruins of heorot or the palace of priam. gavin began to nod. it's as good as a nod and a wink.
+if high accuracy is required in preflight leveling, it is usually necessary to integrate or doubly integrate the accelerometer outputs (this also minimizes the noise problem). there was a big noise. this is called imaginary time, because it is not the kind of time we normally experience. when someone says, for example, they took x-rays to see that there was nothing wrong with me, it pays to consider how this statement would normally be made. when he heard of his brothers' anger, palfrey was still hopeful that they could be persuaded to accept his notion of paying wages.
+tenderly and rather tediously, the camera rivets on the abrupt, deep love of a pretty nurse and a uniformed teacher, complicated by nothing more than a friend they don't want to hurt. the 10.3-cm observation of sloanaker was made on may 20, 1958, using the 84-foot reflector at the maryland point observatory of the u. s. naval research laboratory. centering around this historic old structure, a group of public-spirited barbour county citizens have organized and planned a week-long series of events, beginning on may 28th and continuing through june 3rd, to observe most appropriately the centennial of the first land engagement of the civil war at philippi. as early as 1913 ghoreyeb and karsner demonstrated with perfusion studies in dogs that bronchial artery flow would remain constant at a certain low level when pressure was maintained in the pulmonary artery and vein, but that increases in bronchial artery flow would occur in response to a relative drop in pulmonary artery pre
ssure. and how odd the directions will look!
+okay, stormy, this isn't the place for fun and games. okay. its pretense to operate in the public interest is little more than a sham. some opposition to the home rule movement started to be heard yesterday, with spokesmen for the town's insurgent democratic leadership speaking out against the home rule charter in favor of the model municipal league charter.
+any adjustments which are made, mr. grenier said earlier this month, will appear on the balance of the tax bill since most of the town's taxpayers take the option of paying quarterly with the balance due next year.
+our objectives, as we have stated many times, are -- (1) to provide some service to all listeners; (2) to provide as many choices of service to as many listeners as possible; (3) to provide service of local origin to as many listeners as possible. don't go splashing paint over me like that!' center panel, hand-screened wood, actually is a back of one of the tall bookcases. girls, my dear parent, are here to stay ] get my old man to bed early. in 1899, parliament erected a statue to cromwell in westminster, facing whitehall and there, presumably, he still stands.
+`-- you advance twice --' `each with a lobster as a partner!' cried the giraffe. she was ready for her great adventures and the arrival of her mobile partner. she is a bird of passage. this strange person quarrels with a cyclist because the latter is using the path rather than the highroad. primrose path.
+he had returned to the pension a week ago. these specialists perform valuable services by helping teachers learn to identify children who need special attention, by suggesting ways of meeting the needs of individual children in the regular classroom, and by providing clinical services for severely maladjusted children. if a child loses a molar at the age of two, the adjoining teeth may shift toward the empty space, thus narrowing the place intended for the permanent ones and producing a jumble. in revulsion, on the other hand, the pessimism is a case not proven; the poem offers nothing to persuade us of the speaker's right to speak as he does. information can not be carried free, as those of you with phone bills will know.
+phone service criticized to the editor of the new york times : as a business man i have to use the telephone constantly, from three to four hours a day. china plate. the respectability which money confers implies a different etiquette, and, upon taking up the life of a london gentleman, pip must learn from herbert pocket that the spoon is not generally used over-hand, but under. out of pocket. i prefer to speak, however, of sam rayburn, the person, rather than sam rayburn, the american institution.
+a prime objective of the army quartermaster corps program is to find the reasons for beef's low palatability and means of overcoming it, since it is a major and desirable dietary item. `she's in prison,' tracy said to the executioner: `fetch her here.' `are they in the prisoner's handwriting?' asked another of they jurymen. 1 andre malraux's the walnut trees of altenburg was written in the early years of the second world war, during a period of enforced leisure when he was taken prisoner by the germans after the fall of france.
+`and so these three little sisters -- they were learning to draw, you know --' `what did they draw?' said chris, quite forgetting her promise.
+man was created with the capacity for immortality, but the devil's promise of immortality in exchange for disobedience cost adam his immortality. i'll give you a lick and a promise. i would propose, first, an abandonment of attempts at a universal lexical list, as intrinsically unachievable, and operationally inadequate in proportion as it is achieved. `i'm afraid i don't know one,' said harriet, rather alarmed at the proposal. `please your majesty,' said the knave, `i didn't write it, and they can't prove i did: there's no name signed at the end.'
+what determines the morality, they state, is not the means used, but the motive in general, the means (excluding abortion) that prove most effective are considered the most ethical. if, say, the russians intended to stop tom jones' going to the pub, then tom jones would fight the commies. have you set specific objectives for your employee publication? to begin with, the all-powerful los angeles times does not publish a transcript of these press conferences. pull out all the stops.
+he was crouched over his anvil in the courtyard getting his chisels into trim, when a splinter of steel flew into his eye and imbedded itself in his pupil. he sent them word i had not gone (we know it to be true): if she should push the matter on, what would become of you? in the railway station at berlin, a uniformed attendant was chanting, foreigners this way ] foreigners this way ] one woman -- she could have been either english or american -- went up to him and said, but you are the foreigners. it argued, inter alia, that a divestiture order would severely depress the market value of the stock of both general motors and du pont, with consequent serious loss and hardship to hundreds of thousands of innocent investors, among them thousands of small trusts and charitable institutions; that there would be a similar decline in the market values of other automotive and chemical stocks, with similar losses to the stockholders of those companies; that the tremendous volume of ge
neral motors stock hanging over the market for ten years would hamper the efforts of general motors and other automobile manufacturers to raise equity capital; and that all this would have a serious adverse effect on the entire stock market and on general business activity. for that matter, stan musial is rare, possessing the disposition that enabled him to put out the same for seven managers, reserving his opinions, but not his effort.
+however, i now realise i was wrong, as these solutions show. if the change, at first sight, seems minor, we may recall that it took the italian painters about two hundred years to make an analogous change, and the italian painters, by universal consent, were the most brilliant group of geniuses any art has seen. this brief resume hardly does the book justice, but i heartily recommend it to all those who are engages with the major problems of our time. these increased costs are partially offset by a decrease of $56 million in expenditures for the reserve forces, largely because of the planned reduction in strength of the army reserve components during 1961. and i was certain he would refuse.
+give him an offer he can't refuse. nor have we remembered that in the melting pot of america the hundreds of isolated and semi-isolated ethnic, regional and occupational groups did not fuse into a homogeneous national unit until long after education and industrialization had caused them to cast oral tradition aside as a means of carrying culturally significant material. he does not mean, in fact he addresses himself specifically to reject the proposition, that if we took the risk of surrendering, a new generation in britain would soon begin to amass its strength in secret in order to reverse the consequences of that surrender. in the areas that do not relate directly to the educational program, expert subordinates will serve the college or university better than close presidential attention.
+industry costs we assume that average total unit cost in the relevant region of operation is constant with respect to quantity produced (the average cost curve is horizontal, and therefore is identical with the marginal cost curve), and is the same for every firm (and therefore for the industry).
+newspaper punditry was inspired to remind everyone that judas, too, had been able to smile. they could eventually replace dna based life, just as dna may have replaced an earlier form of life. it resembles, too, pictures such as durer and bruegel did, in which all that looks at first to be solely pictorial proves on inspection to be also literary, the representation of a proverb, for example, or a deadly sin. in this way, the system can satisfy the requirement that the total amount of disorder increases, while, at the same time, increasing the order in itself and its offspring. still she went on growing, and, as a last resource, she put one arm out of the window, and one foot up the chimney, and said to herself `now i can do no more, whatever happens.
+we took the matches -- they were book matches and once they'd been touched might retain fingerprints -- and the change. simple yes or no answers do not reveal the different shades of opinion that the various respondents may have. taken for a ride. however, it was over at last, and they sat down again in a ring, and begged the mouse to tell them something more. this is the tale of one john enright, an american who has accidentally killed a man in the prize ring and is now trying to forget about it in a quiet place where he may become a quiet man.
+rock and roll. route one. `get up!' said tracy, in a shrill, loud voice, and the three gardeners instantly jumped up, and began bowing to robert, valerie, the royal children, and everybody else. it was a battle royal. most marketing people agree it is going to take redoubled efforts to satisfy future requirements.
+but the really controversial aspect of customer-cost imputation arises because of the cost analyst's frequent practice of including not just those costs that can be definitely earmarked as incurred for the benefit of specific customers but also a substantial fraction of the annual maintenance and capital costs of the secondary (low-voltage) distribution system -- a fraction equal to the estimated annual costs of a hypothetical system of minimum capacity. more than that, allied air had complete superiority in the eighth army's sector. by the very nature of the situation, it is the union which has been able to select the time and place to bring pressure upon management. the only requirements on dictionary information made by the text-lookup operation are that each form represented by the dictionary be available for lookup in the text-form list and that information for each form be available in a sequence identical with the sequence of the forms. `if you're going to turn into a
pig, my dear,' said harriet, seriously, `i'll have nothing more to do with you.
+such wormholes have been seriously suggested, as being within the capabilities of a future civilization. the old woman complained to the deputy governor, who ordered the servant brought before the court. the moment harriet appeared, she was appealed to by all three to settle the question, and they repeated their arguments to her, though, as they all spoke at once, she found it very hard indeed to make out exactly what they said. could be scramble some predict the administration will settle down during 1961 and iron out the rough edges which it has had thus far.
+attorneys for the mayor said that an amicable property settlement has been agreed upon.
+once again, there was a negative shake. shake a leg. i'll shoot the first man who doesn't. shoot a fairy. with shout and slow dance, with tears and song, with scream and contortion, the corner group was beset by hysteria and shivering, wailing, shouting, possession of something that seemed like an alien and outside force. i like cream of mushroom soup.
+giselle was reluctant but alex succeeded in persuading her to come back in five minutes and the door was shut again. shut your cake hole. there seems to be almost a conspiracy of silence veiling it. it is perhaps difficult to conceive, but imagine that tonight on london bridge the teddy boys of the east end will gather to sing marlowe, herrick, shakespeare, and perhaps some lyrics of their own. he thought of joe harris, the nigger who had gone after his sister.
+a ministering angel shall my sister be. he carried it in a little wallet made of fish skin. a difference of opinion arose between mr. martinelli and john p. bourcier, town solicitor, over the exact manner in which the vote is handled. `i'm very sorry you've been annoyed,' said ingrid, who was beginning to see its meaning. i am terribly sorry to keep you waiting, she said, but won't you make yourself a little drink while you wait?
+`you're a very poor speaker,' said the king. as to protection, the speaker disapproved of shelters, pointing out that fallout shelters would not save everyone. fishing interest calls for a check of the species found, quantity and size, the season they are available, and the stocking program of the fish commission. some manufacturers have had the foresight to provide a socket for the chuck key; otherwise, you'll have to spend a few minutes to either attach a suitable spring clip somewhere on the press head or fit the key to a length of light chain and fasten to the bottom of the motor mount so that the key is out of the way when not in use. spend a penny.
+it is blind, fundamentalist dogmatism to say, messing around with the king james version seems to us a perilous sport at best. the sport of kings. more than the fans of pagnol's old films and of their heroic star, the great raimu, were looking askance at the project. star crossed lovers.
+steal a march.
+rector was warming to his over-all strategy by the time he got back to the residential hall. strike a deal. one can have a wave function that is very strongly peaked in a small region. the twirled, stylized design of winding stems and floral forms strongly suggests the embroidered patterns used so extensively for upholstery during the jacobean period in england. exhibition ballroom dancers from the studio of helen wick walters of hillsboro won the all-county talent contest.
+more potent a charm to bring back that time of life than this record of a few pictures and a few remembered facts would be a catalogue of the minutiae which are of the very stuff of the mind, intrinsic, because they were known in the beginning not by the eye alone but by the hand that held them. with the neutralists maintaining pressure for one of their own to succeed mr. clinton, joe emerged as the only possible candidate unlikely to be waylaid by a veto. i suffer from mixed feelings. cogito ergo sum. yet, the idea imbedded in each was identical : to surround the unknown with mystery and to isolate that class which had been given special dominion over the secrets of god.
+red tape. at the same time, i am aware that my recoil could be interpreted by readers of the tea leaves at the bottom of my psyche as an incestuous sign, since theirs is a science of paradox : if one hates, they say it is because one loves; if one bullies, they say it is because one is afraid; if one shuns, they say it is because one desires; and according to them, whatever one fancies one feels, what one feels in fact is the opposite. can you see a tea leaf. one of the greatest obstacles to the achievement of this goal is the lack of trained men and women with the skill to teach the young and assist in the operation of development projects -- men and women with the capacity to cope with the demands of swiftly evolving economics, and with the dedication to put that capacity to work in the villages, the mountains, the towns and the factories of dozens of struggling nations. magwitch terrifies pip into stealing a pork pie for him by creating the image in the boy's imagination
of a bogy man who may softly creep his way to him and tear him open, imbruing his hands in him.
+this has been more evident since our products have incorporated astronomically increased technology. substances other than detergent actives also tend to be strongly sorbed from aqueous media onto surfaces of other contiguous condensed phases. the rocking is actually felt in the story, a terrible and ominous rhythm that prophesies the tragedy. thank you for listening. at last he said, well, thank you for calling, mr. benson.
+that society responds by condemning the private eye as a threat to the status quo, a potential criminal. the official military establishment can only threaten to use its nuclear arms; it cannot bring them into actual play. if it fails to pass, he can throw up his hands and say the legislature would not support him in his efforts to prevent integration. it was a stone's throw from there.
+still another group of seeds (sometimes tiny, dry, seed-bearing fruits) provide distinctive flavors and odors to foods, although the nutrients they supply are quite negligible.
+not tonight josephine. it expanded from hand screw machines to automatic screw machines, from simple formed-tooth gear cutting machines to gear hobbing machines and a large contract gear manufacturing business, from rudimentary belt-driven universal milling machines to a broad line of elaborately controlled knee-type and manufacturing type milling machines. how sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless child. fast track. the twenty-five-year-old recording offers rather faded string tone, but the balance between the instruments is good and the transfer is very quiet.
+trick or treat. catherine's first war against the grand turk had ended in 1774 with a peace treaty quite favorable to her. however, in the same three-month period, toll-road bonds, as a group, have bucked this trend. juliet looked at the jury-box, and saw that, in her haste, she had put the lizard in head downwards, and the poor little thing was waving its tail about in a melancholy way, being quite unable to move. these gentlemen already have done the party harm by their seeming reluctance to vote aid for the depressed areas and by their criticism of mr. kennedy for talking about a recession and unemployment.
+perhaps the jewish students at brooklyn college -- constituting 85 per cent of those who attend the day session -- can serve as a paradigm of the urban, lower-middle class jewish student. in the final analysis, then, the user becomes either a bull or a bear in a given instance, notwithstanding any amount of forethought and calculation, however elaborate. we observe a slight variation in the rate of some pulsars, and this is interpreted as indicating that they are being disturbed, by having earth sized planets going round them. test specimens the preparation of test specimens will vary depending upon the type of dimensional restorability procedure (if any) to be used. fashion victim.
+the video signal is amplified and then switched, in synchronism with the three ultraviolet light sources which are sequenced by the rotating mirror so that during one-twentieth of a second only one wavelength, corresponding to red, green, or blue, is seen. pig!' she said the last word with such sudden violence that juliet quite jumped; but she saw in another moment that it was addressed to the baby, and not to her, so she took courage, and went on again:-- `i didn't know that cheshire cats always grinned; in fact, i didn't know that cats could grin.' probably every visitor has a favorite time for his first sight of it. if they really want to colonize the earth, or warn us of some danger, they are being pretty ineffective. the game was a wash out.
+the crowd did a mexican wave. analysis in roleplaying is usually done for the purpose of understanding strong and weak points of an individual or as a process to eliminate weak parts and strengthen good parts. something for the weekend sir?. whereas the earlier cases turned rather narrowly upon the availability of adequate state remedies, the new emphasis is upon the nature of the state policy at issue.
+however, in a universe with a very large, or infinite, number of stars, one would expect it to occur in a few stellar systems, but they would be very widely separated.
+the dark brown bombs hanging under each wing looked large and powerful. on a wing and a prayer. who can resist a name that is such a winner? the rocking horse winner is also a story about a boy's love for his mother. maybe i should withdraw my advice - no?
+knock on wood. special time off in granting bereavement leaves, specify the maximum time off and list what the worker's relation to the deceased must be to qualify. he boomed a 280-yard drive. yeah, passed your road block as i drove in, i said, sitting on his polished desk.
+my name is jacob.
+hello i'm michael. my name is matthew. hello i am joshua.
+my name is christopher. my name is nicholas.
+my name is andrew. my name is joseph. my name is daniel.
+my name is william.
+my name is emily. my name is madison. my name is hannah.
+my name is ashley.
+my name is alexis. my name is samantha. my name is sarah.
+my name is abigail.
+my name is elizabeth. my name is jessica. hi. i am emma.
+hi, i am kaitlyn.
+hello, i'm hailey. hi, my name is olivia. hi, my name is isabella.
+hello i am jacob. hi my name is aidan. hello my name is ethan.
+i am ryan. hello my name is matthew. hi my name is nicholas.
+my name is michael. my name is joshua. i am tyler. my name is ryan.
+my name is joshua. my name is michael. i am nicholas.
+my name is zachary. my name is connor. hello my name is tyler.
+hello michael. jessica and matthew and ashley and christopher and amanda
+and joseph and nicole and daniel and samantha and nicholas and stephanie
+and anthony lauren and john and jennifer and kevin and sarah and ryan and
+danielle.
+michael is jessica is matthew is ashley is christopher is amanda is
+nicholas is samantha is daniel is stephanie is joseph is nicole is
+john is jennifer is ryan is christina is anthony is brittany is andrew
+is melissa is talking nonsense.
diff --git a/Data/training/training_frenchC_FR.txt b/Data/training/training_frenchC_FR.txt
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Data/training/training_frenchC_FR.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2546 @@
+Leur avis a une valeur, leurs citations n'en ont aucune.
+On peut faire dire ce qu'on veut aÌ? n'importe qui du moment qu'on deÌ?contextualise ses propos.
+TreÌ?s concreÌ?tement, comme l'a deÌ?jaÌ? signaleÌ? Gilles avec justesse, lorsqu'un expert reconnu (ce que David Menton n'est pas, loin de laÌ?) eÌ?crit : "Archaeopteryx eÌ?tait un authentique oiseau", il n'y met absolument pas le sens que vous voudriez y voir.
+Cela signifie simplement qu'Archaeopteryx eÌ?tait un proche parent des oiseaux actuels - donc qu'il a une valeur pour comprendre leur eÌ?volution.
+Il ne s'agit pas d'un cas de convergence (au choix, un dinosaure particulier mais sans reÌ?el inteÌ?reÌ?t eÌ?volutif ou un oiseau ayant "par hasard" acquis quelques caracteÌ?res qui peuvent rappeler ceux d'un reptile).
+Si je mets aÌ? part quelques marginaux (Feduccia...), qui consideÌ?rent que c'est effectivement une convergence, les paleÌ?ontologues sont unanimes pour reconnaiÌ?tre sa valeur de mosaiÌ?que eÌ?volutive.
+C'est cela que signifie la phrase "Archaeopteryx eÌ?tait un vrai oiseau" ; elle n'est pas destineÌ?e aÌ? nier son statut de forme transitoire, mais au contraire aÌ? l'affirmer avec plus de vigueur.
+Des deÌ?tournements de ce genre peuvent eÌ?tre faits sur pratiquement tous les sujets et avec tous les auteurs.
+C'est pourquoi j'affirme que les citations n'ont aucune valeur : ce que les experts pensent vraiment en a une (et elle est consideÌ?rable), mais l'usage de petites phrases deÌ?contextualiseÌ?es est un type d'argumentation que je laisse aux creÌ?ationnistes.
+Je vous ai clairement montreÌ? que les experts sÂ?entendent pas treÌ?s bien sur ArchæopteÌ?ryx.
+Ils s'entendent treÌ?s bien, si, justement.
+Vous avez clairement montreÌ? que l'on pouvait argumenter en deÌ?contextualisant des citations (ce qui eÌ?videmment ne vaut rien sur le plan scientifique) de chercheurs reconnus, ou en deÌ?nichant LE scientifique marginal qui a une opinion peu courante.
+Mais si on prend la peine de regarder derrieÌ?re les mots, au-delaÌ? des petites phrases, on se rend compte qu'il n'y a rien de factuel dans votre argumentation.
+Voici ce que rapporte Dr David Menton (anatomiste) sur une confeÌ?rence qui porta justement sur le sujet LaÌ? aussi, Gilles a fait une excellente reÌ?ponse : Menton, qui est creÌ?ationniste, a visiblement fait un compte-rendu treÌ?s personnel de la reÌ?union.
+Ce qui est sorti dans _Nature_ aÌ? ce sujet en donnait une vue nettement diffeÌ?rente.
+Encore un mauvais usage de citations...
+Votre affirmation est plutoÌ?t aÌ? lÂ?opposeÌ? du consensus.
+De plus, il ne sÂ?agit pas de quelques marginaux ici, mais dÂ?un rassemblement officiel des experts sur lÂ?eÌ?volution des oiseaux.
+Qui dois-je croire entre vous et eux ? Si vous pensez que "croire" releÌ?ve d'une deÌ?marche scientifique, vous vous trompez lourdement.
+Mais revenons au fond du probleÌ?me : vous avez essayeÌ? de faire dire aux experts le contraire de ce qu'ils disent vraiment, en usant de trois proceÌ?deÌ?s (deÌ?contextualisation, citation de chercheurs marginaux, recours aÌ? un biologiste creÌ?ationniste qui s'est lui-meÌ?me chargeÌ? de deÌ?former les choses).
+Ca ne marchera pas, tout simplement parce que mes affirmations _sont en accord avec le consensus des experts_.
+Je base mon argumentation sur l'eÌ?tude du fossile lui-meÌ?me (parce qu'un seul fait vaut plus, en tant qu'argument, qu'un million de citations), mais je connais aussi les reÌ?sultats des travaux paleÌ?ontologiques effectueÌ?s aÌ? son sujet.
+Il y a un consensus indeÌ?niable pour consideÌ?rer Archaeopteryx comme une forme intermeÌ?diaire, et ce n'est pas deux tours de voltige rheÌ?toriques (comme le fameux "Archaeopteryx is a true bird") qui y changeront quelque chose.
+Une analyse du fossile lui-meÌ?me aurait deÌ?jaÌ? plus de valeur, mais vous n'en avez fait aucune (au demeurant, le caracteÌ?re intermeÌ?diaire de la bestiole saute aux yeux deÌ?s qu'on prend la peine de la regarder).
+Vous aviez affirmeÌ? que la biologie avait confirmeÌ? que des intermeÌ?diaires* nÂ?existaient pas, faisant ainsi de la theÌ?orie de lÂ?eÌ?volution une theÌ?orie inveÌ?rifiable.
+Changez vous dÂ?avis ? Le mot "les intermeÌ?diaires" ne veut en soi strictement rien dire.
+J'ai deÌ?jaÌ? expliqueÌ? deux messages plus haut pourquoi il valait mieux l'eÌ?viter, parce qu'il laisse planer un flou consideÌ?rable sur ce dont on parle : de caracteÌ?res, d'espeÌ?ces, d'autres taxons ? De fossiles, d'organismes vivants ? Bien suÌ?r, dans un colloque scientifique sur la theÌ?orie des eÌ?quilibres ponctueÌ?s, on peut employer ce genre de raccourcis car tous les participants savent de quoi ils parlent (en l'occurrence, d'espeÌ?ces) ; mais dans un contexte plus geÌ?neÌ?ral, il est neÌ?cessaire de preÌ?ciser, sans quoi on nage dans le brouillard (la confusion entre "formes intermeÌ?diaires" des diffeÌ?rents types est d'ailleurs treÌ?s profitable aux creÌ?ationnistes, qui n'ont plus qu'aÌ? extraire une citation de son contexte - exemple : un colloque de ponctualistes - et la replacer dans un autre pour donner aÌ? la phrase un sens totalement diffeÌ?rent).
+J'ai parleÌ? des trois niveaux, et ce de manieÌ?re sensiblement diffeÌ?rente.
+J'ai expliqueÌ? qu'au niveau des caracteÌ?res, certaines transformations n'avaient neÌ?cessiteÌ? que peu ou pas de formes intermeÌ?diaires, parce que la biologie moderne avait confirmeÌ? qu'elles ne neÌ?cessitaient que treÌ?s peu de mutations (exemple : l'apparition des ailes chez les insectes ou des doigts chez les premiers teÌ?trapodes, qui neÌ?cessitent juste de deÌ?caler l'expression de quelques geÌ?nes).
+Ce n'est pas le cas de toutes (l'apparition de l'oeil humain, treÌ?s complexe, aÌ? partir d'un organisme aveugle a neÌ?cessiteÌ? une quantiteÌ? eÌ?norme d'intermeÌ?diaires - que l'on connaiÌ?t effectivement - et la mise en jeu de toute une batterie de geÌ?nes).
+Au niveau des espeÌ?ces, j'ai expliqueÌ? que les intermeÌ?diaires eÌ?taient geÌ?neÌ?ralement peu abondants - ce qui correspond aÌ? ce que nous savons, graÌ?ce aÌ? la biologie toujours, des meÌ?canismes de la speÌ?ciation.
+Enfin, aux niveaux plus hauts de la classification (genres, familles, ordres, etc.), nous disposons toujours d'une foule d'espeÌ?ces intermeÌ?diaires (Archaeopteryx entre les reptiles et les oiseaux, Panderichtys entre les poissons et les teÌ?trapodes, les cynodontes entre les reptiles et les mammifeÌ?res...). Ces trois niveaux se juxtaposent et interagissent, mais doivent eÌ?tre nettement distingueÌ?s.
+Au niveau des caracteÌ?res, la question doit meÌ?me eÌ?tre examineÌ?e au cas par cas en fonction de ce qu'on sait des organismes contemporains au niveau geÌ?neÌ?tique.
+Rappelez vous que vous avez eÌ?teÌ? incapable de me donner un seul exemple clair de gradualisme.
+J'ai deÌ?jaÌ? citeÌ? les campagnols du Quaternaire et les ammonites du Jurassic infeÌ?rieur.
+Vous n'avez pas reÌ?pondu aÌ? ces deux cas de gradualisme clairs et bien eÌ?tablis (que les ponctualistes reconnaissent parfaitement).
+Je les maintiens...
+Ne me reÌ?pondez pas en affirmant que l'on n'a pas de gradualisme dans l'eÌ?volution d'autres taxons : je sais que certains obeÌ?issent aÌ? un mode ponctualiste, et que d'autres sont treÌ?s mal conserveÌ?s dans les archives fossiles.
+Tous ces cas de figure existent.
+Par ailleurs, je rappelle que l'expression "gradualisme phyleÌ?tique" s'applique au niveau des espeÌ?ces.
+Au niveau des caracteÌ?res ou des groupes plus vastes, on ne parle pas de gradualisme : il faut utiliser d'autres formulations, sous peine de laisser le flou s'installer.
+Le creÌ?ationnisme preÌ?dit une discontinuiteÌ? du monde du vivant sans preÌ?dire quÂ?il nÂ?y ait pas quelques cas que lÂ?on ne saura classifier.
+TreÌ?s fort : "le creÌ?ationnisme ne preÌ?dit pas qu'il n'y aura pas d'exceptions".
+Avec ce type d'arguments ("la theÌ?orie ne preÌ?dit pas qu'elle ne sera pas reÌ?futeÌ?e" - ce qui revient aÌ? dire qu'elle reste juste meÌ?me si elle est reÌ?futeÌ?e, puisqu'elle n'a pas preÌ?dit le contraire !), on peut faire passer tout et n'importe quoi.
+La discontinuiteÌ? des espeÌ?ces et lÂ?explosion de formes de vies au cambrien dans le registre fossile appuie directement la creÌ?ation Non, absolument pas.
+Les espeÌ?ces, en tant qu'entiteÌ?s discontinues, existent souvent dans les archives fossiles.
+C'est un fait. Il n'appuie pas le creÌ?ationnisme pour deux raisons : 1 - Il eÌ?tait preÌ?dit par la theÌ?orie de l'eÌ?volution.
+2 - On voit nettement les espeÌ?ces se succeÌ?der dans les archives fossiles ; elles ne surgissent pas toutes en meÌ?mes temps.
+Le creÌ?ationnisme preÌ?disait le contraire.
+Qu'une espeÌ?ce puisse rester en stase, puis eÌ?tre remplaceÌ?e assez rapidement par une autre, correspond aÌ? ce que la theÌ?orie de l'eÌ?volution preÌ?disait en termes de speÌ?ciations.
+Ca n'a rien aÌ? voir avec "l'apparition simultaneÌ?e" qu'un creÌ?ationniste aurait voulu voir.
+Parlons maintenant de l'explosion des formes de vie au Cambrien.
+Contrairement aÌ? ce que sous-entendent souvent les creÌ?ationnistes, celle-ci n'a pas eÌ?teÌ? "instantaneÌ?e" ; elle a simplement eÌ?teÌ? treÌ?s courte, ce qui n'est pas la meÌ?me chose.
+Il ne s'agit pas simplement d'une chicanerie seÌ?mantique : geÌ?ologiquement parlant, l'explosion cambrienne s'eÌ?tale sur une vingtaine de millions d'anneÌ?es, ce qui est treÌ?s peu.
+Mais ce n'est pas pour autant qu'elle correspond aÌ? ce aÌ? quoi on s'attendrait si les fossiles avaient conserveÌ? les traces d'une creÌ?ation simultaneÌ?e.
+PreÌ?cisons d'abord de quoi il s'agit exactement : l'explosion cambrienne est un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne relativement court, qui est conserveÌ? dans les archives fossiles dateÌ?es de - 520 aÌ? - 540 millions d'anneÌ?es.
+Il correspond aÌ? l'apparition d'une vingtaine d'espeÌ?ces animales ; cela semble ne rien avoir d'exceptionnel a priori.
+Cependant, ce qui est eÌ?tonnant, c'est que ces creÌ?atures sont souvent les premieÌ?res repreÌ?sentantes d'un grand groupe vivant (un "embranchement") qui n'existait pas avant.
+Par exemple, les premiers arthropodes, comme les premiers chordeÌ?s, mollusques et eÌ?chinodermes datent tous de cette eÌ?poque.
+C'est laÌ? que se sont deÌ?finis, aÌ? travers quelques espeÌ?ces seulement, la plupart des grands plans d'organisation connus (plus quelques plans originaux, ne correspondant aÌ? aucun embranchement encore vivant, qui apparaissent laÌ? puis disparaissent sur place ; jamais rien de tel ne se reproduira par la suite).
+Mais il ne faut pas donner aÌ? l'explosion cambrienne une ampleur supeÌ?rieure aÌ? celle qu'elle a reÌ?ellement eu : nombre d'embranchements (en particuliers chez les diploblastes, animaux aÌ? deux feuillets embryonnaires) existaient deÌ?jaÌ? (faune d'Ediacara, -600 millions d'anneÌ?es).
+Les premiers animaux sont d'ailleurs bien plus anciens (les plus vieux fossiles que l'on a montrent des creÌ?atures treÌ?s simples - des sortes de "sacs de cellules" aÌ? coÌ?teÌ? desquels une eÌ?ponge paraiÌ?trait eÌ?laboreÌ?e).
+L'explosion cambrienne n'appuie pas la creÌ?ation.
+Elle ne correspond pas aÌ? l'apparition ex nihilo de tous les embranchements animaux dans un univers peupleÌ? de bacteÌ?ries ou d'algues, comme certains le laissent parfois entendre : certains embranchements existaient deÌ?jaÌ? bien avant.
+Quelques triploblastes (animaux aÌ? 3 feuillets embryonnaires), simples et peu diversifieÌ?s, eÌ?taient d'ailleurs deÌ?jaÌ? apparus dans les environs de -600 millions d'anneÌ?es.
+Certes, plusieurs plans d'organisation diffeÌ?rents, inexistants auparavant, sont apparus dans un intervalle de 20 million d'anneÌ?es, ce qui, en effet, est treÌ?s bref.
+Mais les espeÌ?ces de l'eÌ?poque, meÌ?me si elles seront aÌ? l'origine de groupes aussi eÌ?loigneÌ?s de nos jours que les verteÌ?breÌ?s et les insectes, eÌ?taient alors treÌ?s proches.
+Seuls certains eÌ?leÌ?ments du plan d'organisation, que l'on retrouveraient chez tous leurs descendants, les diffeÌ?renciaient.
+La diversification qui a creuseÌ? de plus en plus le fosseÌ? entre les embranchements est intervenue plus tard.
+Assimiler l'explosion cambrienne aÌ? une creÌ?ation speÌ?ciale est encore une trahison de la veÌ?ritable nature du pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne.
+Celui-ci a eÌ?teÌ? relativement rapide, mais pas instantaneÌ? ; il a repreÌ?senteÌ? une eÌ?tape majeure de l'histoire de la vie, mais d'autres eÌ?tapes-cleÌ?s s'eÌ?taient produites bien avant ou se produirent bien apreÌ?s.
+De toute façon si, comme je l'ai compris, vous refusez toute pertinence aux archives fossiles pour nous indiquer la chronologie de l'histoire de la vie, l'explosion cambrienne ne peut pas vous servir d'argument.
+Si toutes les creÌ?atures du Cambrien se sont fossiliseÌ?s (comme toutes les autres) suite aÌ? un DeÌ?luge universel, elles ne peuvent pas eÌ?tre des vestiges de la creÌ?ation.
+Votre argument ne serait de toute façon pas recevable dans le cadre meÌ?me de votre systeÌ?me de penseÌ?e (dans le cadre eÌ?volutionniste, comme je l'ai deÌ?jaÌ? montreÌ?, il ne vaut pas grand-chose non plus).
+La theÌ?orie [creÌ?ationnistes] ne preÌ?dit pas une fixiteÌ? du caracteÌ?re morphologique apreÌ?s son apparition.
+[...] Elle preÌ?dit que lÂ?aile de lÂ?oiseau autant que lÂ?eÌ?caille du reptile resteront toujours ce quÂ?il sont.
+D'accord. Donc ils ne sont pas fixes, mais ils restent ce qu'ils sont.
+Je propose personnellement une theÌ?orie de l'antigraviteÌ?, ouÌ? les pommes tombent mais restent immobiles.
+et CONSERVERONT LEUR FONCTION premieÌ?re.
+Ils ne subiront pas de modification qui changerait eÌ?ventuellement leur fonction.
+Rien n'impose biologiquement qu'un organe ne puisse pas changer de fonction.
+Si vous prenez un oiseau apteÌ?re comme le moa (Dinornis maximus) ou le kiwi, ouÌ? les plumes n'ont qu'une fonction thermoreÌ?gulatrice mais ne servent pas au vol (contrairement aÌ? ce qui se passe chez les autres espeÌ?ces), il y a eÌ?videmment deÌ?tournement de fonction.
+Je pourrais multiplier les exemples d'espeÌ?ces ouÌ? les caracteÌ?res communs aux autres membres du groupe servent une toute autre fonction : les plumes du paon qui servent aÌ? la parade nuptiale, les nageoires de certains poissons (peÌ?riophtalmes) qui leur permettent de courir litteÌ?ralement sur le sol au lieu de nager, les oreilles qui servent aÌ? la communication chez l'homme et aÌ? la localisation chez la chauve-souris, les ailes du manchot qui font office de palettes natatoires...
+Des organes treÌ?s peu diffeÌ?rents sur le plan tant geÌ?neÌ?tique que morphologique peuvent eÌ?tre employeÌ?s pour des fonctions compleÌ?tement distinctes suivant les espeÌ?ces.
+Il n'est pas difficile de comprendre comment un "glissement de fonction" a pu s'effectuer en peu de mutations et en fonction du milieu.
+Certaines mutations de geÌ?nes reÌ?gulateurs peuvent d'ailleurs modifier compleÌ?tement la morphologie de l'organe : j'ai deÌ?jaÌ? citeÌ? l'exemple des ailes des insectes, qui sont des sacs respiratoires aÌ? peine "bricoleÌ?s" geÌ?neÌ?tiquement.
+Cette ideÌ?e de la theÌ?orie creÌ?ationniste a donc tous les caracteÌ?res d'une affirmation gratuite.
+Elle proclame comme impossible un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne qui visiblement PEUT se produire.
+Elle neÌ?cessite une explication surnaturelle treÌ?s couÌ?teuse en hypotheÌ?ses infondeÌ?es laÌ? ouÌ? des causes naturelles suffisent visiblement aÌ? expliquer ce qu'on observe.
+Si l'on admet le principe de parcimonie (doit eÌ?tre adopteÌ?e la theÌ?orie qui neÌ?cessitera le moins de meÌ?canismes n'ayant jamais eÌ?teÌ? observeÌ?s), je crois que je n'ai pas besoin de m'eÌ?tendre sur la valeur scientifique d'une telle vision des choses...
+Si tel eÌ?tait le cas, ils seraient eÌ?limineÌ?s par la seÌ?lection naturelle bien avant.
+Affirmation gratuite 2.
+« dinosaure aÌ? plumes » Bon, bon, on voit le caracteÌ?re anti-scientifique de lÂ?eÌ?volution qui fait surface.
+Ce ne sont habituellement que des filaments, un genre de duvet, que lÂ?on a observeÌ?. Manque de chance, on a des speÌ?cimens de Dromaeosaurus qui portent d'authentiques plumes bien ramifieÌ?es.
+On en a aussi, en effet, des dinosaures qui ne portent qu'un petit duvet ; mais de vraies plumes ont deÌ?jaÌ? eÌ?teÌ? observeÌ?es.
+Le mot « plume » est une extrapolation de la croyance.
+Contrairement au mot « Dieu » qui n'a rien aÌ? voir avec la croyance, correspond aÌ? une reÌ?aliteÌ? empirique solidement fondeÌ?e et est parfaitement reÌ?futable dans le cadre d'une eÌ?pisteÌ?mologie popperienne.
+Tout aÌ? fait d'accord ;) Et puis ce nÂ?est pas parce que des dinosaures aÌ? plume aurait eÌ?teÌ? trouveÌ?s que ça vous avance.
+Tout ce qui serait deÌ?montreÌ? est que des dinosaures aÌ? plume ont existeÌ?s.
+Ca, c'est treÌ?s profond.
+En effet, si on voit un dinosaure aÌ? plumes, ça prouvera qu'il y a des dinosaures aÌ? plumes.
+Quelle puissance dans l'analyse ! Fait banal pour la science objective.
+Si par "science objective" vous entendez "constatation plate de ce que l'on observe sans chercher aÌ? le comprendre", c'est tout aÌ? fait banal, en effet.
+Seulement, une telle manieÌ?re d'appreÌ?hender les choses ne meÌ?riterait plus tellement le nom de "science".
+Il ne sÂ?agit pas de la preuve dÂ?un gradualisme entre dinosaure et oiseau.
+En soi, non. Mis en relation avec une foule d'autres intermeÌ?diaires (Archaeopteryx et ses congeÌ?neÌ?res entre autres), cette deÌ?couverte est une preuve eÌ?crasante du passage des dinosaures aux oiseaux (le mot "gradualisme" est ici mal choisi car on ne parle pas du niveau des espeÌ?ces).
+« Ichtyornis » Bon, un oiseau avec des dents, so what ? Il y a dÂ?autres espeÌ?ces dÂ?oiseaux qui ont des dents ! Et puis, beaucoup de reptile nÂ?ont pas de dents!
+Seul le groupe des crocodiles ont des dents bien deÌ?veloppeÌ?es.
+Tout le monde sait que les leÌ?zards et les serpents sont compleÌ?tement eÌ?denteÌ?s, en effet.
+De meÌ?me d'ailleurs que les dinosaures ; le Tyrannosaure avait des quenottes de 14 cm, est-ce qu'on peut vraiment appeler ça des dents ? Sur quelle base peut-on affirmeÌ? que les dents sont des caracteÌ?res reptiliens.
+Pourquoi pas des caracteÌ?res des mammifeÌ?res ? Tout simplement parce que l'Ichtyornis avait des dents _de reptile_ et meÌ?me de dinosaure.
+Je ne pense pas avoir besoin de vous faire un dessin pour que vous compreniez que les dents des reptiles n'ont pas grand-chose aÌ? voir avec celles des mammifeÌ?res qui ne se rapprochent gueÌ?re de celles d'un poisson.
+Et de toute façon, tout ceci est treÌ?s subjectif...
+Je suis d'accord, un oiseau avec des dents, tout comme un dinosaure aÌ? plumes ou un reptile muni d'ailes capable de voler, c'est compleÌ?tement subjectif.
+RheÌ?toriquement. Pas factuellement.
+rien aÌ? voir avec une preuve scientifique dÂ?un gradualisme entre reptile et oiseau.
+Bon. Si une longue seÌ?rie d'intermeÌ?diaires (nous n'avons discuteÌ? ici que des trois plus eÌ?vidents, il y en a d'autres encore) ce n'est pas une preuve de la transition dinosaures-oiseaux, alors quoi ? Il faudrait mettre un leÌ?zard dans une cage et attendre qu'il se transforme en oiseau, c'est ça ? Je redemande encore de voir le gradualisme qui a meneÌ? une eÌ?caille aÌ? se transformer en aile.
+Vous ne vous souvenez pas que c'est vous qui avez mentionneÌ? l'existence de dinosaures aÌ? duvet ? Un duvet treÌ?s proche de celui des oiseaux, meÌ?me s'il n'avait pas tous les caracteÌ?res d'un veÌ?ritable plumage ? Si ça ne vous convient pas en tant que stade intermeÌ?diaire (puisque les dinosaures avec de vraies plumes ne vous convaincront suÌ?rement pas, eux) je ne sais pas ce qu'il vous faut.
+Par ailleurs, la question ne pourra eÌ?tre trancheÌ?e que lorsqu'on connaiÌ?tra avec preÌ?cision les geÌ?nes impliqueÌ?s dans la formation des plumes chez les oiseaux.
+LaÌ?, on verra quelles mutations ont eÌ?teÌ? neÌ?cessaires pour les faire eÌ?merger aÌ? partir des eÌ?cailles.
+Un oiseau avec des dents ne me dit rien en soit, ni meÌ?me un dinosaure avec un « duvet bizarre ». Si "ça ne vous dit rien", tant pis pour vous.
+La plupart des scientifiques les trouvent au contraire treÌ?s parlants.
+Maintenant, vous pouvez consideÌ?rer qu'aucune preuve n'en est une, que les fossiles ont pu eÌ?tre deÌ?formeÌ?s, truqueÌ?s, que de toute façon un oiseau avec des dents c'est subjectif, que le Dogme dit le contraire et qu'il y a un chercheur isoleÌ? qui croit qu'Archaeopteryx n'est pas transitoire.
+Mais je crains que ce ne soit pas treÌ?s convaincant.
+Certains fossiles eÌ?chappent aÌ? nos reÌ?gles de classification...
+Si on admet une vieille classification typologiste, oui.
+Si l'on admet l'eÌ?volution, non (je pense en particulier aÌ? certaines meÌ?thodes de classification, comme la classification phylogeÌ?neÌ?tique, qui se basent sur l'arbre geÌ?neÌ?alogique des espeÌ?ces) ; au contraire, on peut meÌ?me preÌ?dire l'existence de ces fossiles qui "eÌ?chappent" aux theÌ?ories fixistes.
+ça ne leur donne pas pour autant un statut transitoire, aÌ? moins que la transition est eÌ?teÌ? preÌ?alablement prouveÌ?e comme sÂ?eÌ?tant vraiment opeÌ?reÌ?e.
+Comment voulez-vous prouver que la transition s'est opeÌ?reÌ?e si vous n'en avez aucune trace ? Les traces fossiles sont les seuls objets qui permettent de _constater_ objectivement une transition : il n'y a pas de preuve plus directe.
+C'est comme si je disais : "Voir les pommes tomber ne prouve pas l'attraction terrestre, aÌ? moins que celle-ci ait eÌ?teÌ? preÌ?alablement prouveÌ?e".
+Les cristaux, lorsquÂ?ils sont briseÌ?s, ne diminue pas de niveau dÂ?organisation.
+Si, justement. Si je reÌ?duis un cristal en morceaux et que j'entasse toutes ses moleÌ?cules dans une boiÌ?te aÌ? chaussures, en le privant d'apport d'eÌ?nergie, il ne va pas se reconstituer spontaneÌ?ment.
+Le systeÌ?me a bien diminueÌ? en termes de niveau d'organisation - ce qui est tout aÌ? fait preÌ?visible, puisque, tel que je le deÌ?cris, il obeÌ?it aÌ? la 2loT.
+Un cristal est un systeÌ?me incontestablement ordonneÌ?, organiseÌ? - et ce n'est possible que parce qu'il beÌ?neÌ?ficie d'un apport d'eÌ?nergie.
+Si je le reÌ?duis en morceaux, sont niveau d'organisation va bel et bien diminuer, et il ne se reconstituera spontaneÌ?ment que si je fais diminuer l'entropie en lui fournissant l'eÌ?nergie adeÌ?quate.
+LÂ?arrangement cristallin ou ordonneÌ? est en fait moins demandant en eÌ?nergie...
+OuÌ? avez-vous lu des beÌ?tises pareilles ? Dans "CreÌ?ation QueÌ?bec" ? L'arrangement cristallin "ou ordonneÌ?" n'eÌ?mergera QUE SI l'on fournit beaucoup d'eÌ?nergie au systeÌ?me - justement parce qu'il en est treÌ?s demandant.
+En l'absence de reÌ?serves eÌ?nergeÌ?tiques aÌ? l'exteÌ?rieur, le cristal ne se formera pas : le systeÌ?me restera dans un eÌ?tat deÌ?sordonneÌ?, qui correspond aÌ? la faible quantiteÌ? d'eÌ?nergie dont il dispose.
+LÂ?arrangement des moleÌ?cules organiques est treÌ?s exactement aÌ? lÂ?opposeÌ? sur ce point.
+Les diffeÌ?rentes parties interagissent ensembles.
+Si la complexiteÌ? est deÌ?finie de cette façon (interaction entre plusieurs parties du systeÌ?me) et bien il nÂ?y a plus aucun exemple qui existe pour justifier lÂ?eÌ?mergence naturelle de tels systeÌ?mes.
+Bien suÌ?r. Les moleÌ?cules n'interagissent pas entre elles.
+Les parties deÌ?jaÌ? formeÌ?s d'un cristal n'influencent pas l'organisation des autres parties qui s'eÌ?difient au-dessus.
+Dans un cristal d'argile, rien n'est interdeÌ?pendant (au passage, c'est justement tout le contraire : la structure de chaque partie du cristal, deÌ?jaÌ? formeÌ?e, conditionne compleÌ?tement celle du reste de l'objet en train de s'auto-organiser).
+La matieÌ?re tend toujours vers lÂ?eÌ?tat eÌ?nergeÌ?tique le moins demandant.
+Prix de la Loi Scientifique Bidon ! EnonceÌ? comme cela, ça a l'air vrai : on a l'impression de se retrouver en pleine thermodynamique croiseÌ?e avec une theÌ?orie de l'information.
+Seulement, quand on connaiÌ?t un peu les disciplines concerneÌ?es, on sait qu'aucune loi n'eÌ?nonce quoi que ce soit dans ce genre.
+Mieux, les observations prouvent meÌ?me tout le contraire.
+Revenons aÌ? nos systeÌ?mes auto-organiseÌ?s : ils ne s'organisent que si on leur fournit beaucoup d'eÌ?nergie.
+Sans cela, ils restent dans un eÌ?tat deÌ?sordonneÌ?, car _celui-ci est eÌ?nergeÌ?tiquement beaucoup moins demandant_.
+Mais si on fournit au systeÌ?me un suppleÌ?ment d'eÌ?nergie, il ne dit pas non ; il ne va pas rester dans un eÌ?tat chaotique sous preÌ?texte que c'est moins couÌ?teux en eÌ?nergie.
+Il va alleÌ?grement dilapider ce qu'on lui donne, et ce uniquement pour former de belles structures ordonneÌ?es (comme les cristaux d'argile ou les structures dissipatives de Prigogine) qui vont faire diminuer son entropie (et deÌ?montrer la non-pertinence de la 2loT dans les systeÌ?mes ouverts).
+Ok, il peut eÌ?tre attireÌ? par autre chose, mais il doit eÌ?tre attireÌ?, lÂ?attirance est une des « parties » du systeÌ?me irreÌ?ductible.
+Un animal qui se pose sur le veÌ?geÌ?tal sans avoir dÂ?inteÌ?reÌ?t nÂ?est pas un pollinisateur pour la simple raison qui ne transportera pas neÌ?cessairement la spore aÌ? lÂ?organe femelle.
+Pas _neÌ?cessairement_, mais occasionnellement.
+Par la suite, le systeÌ?me peut eÌ?voluer vers un eÌ?tat ouÌ? le transport sera de plus en plus freÌ?quent, puis permanent...
+Et bien dans lÂ?exemple concret que jÂ?ai donneÌ?, cÂ?eÌ?tait le cas [l'animal devait se rendre aÌ? la nourriture pour polliniser]. Donc, il est bien question ici dÂ?une partie du systeÌ?me irreÌ?ductible.
+Non : une symbiose peut exister sans que ce ne soit le cas.
+La symbiose actuelle "orchideÌ?e+papillon Xenanthropus morgani", ouÌ? l'animal se rend aÌ? la nourriture, a pu eÌ?voluer aÌ? partir d'une symbiose ouÌ? il ne le faisait pas.
+Les plantes mutantes sont minoritaires lorsque le changement apparaiÌ?t.
+Disons 0.5 % de la population.
+D'accord. Il est alors treÌ?s difficile pour le papillon deÌ?jaÌ? minoritaire de trouver sa nourriture.
+Non, puisqu'il pollinise aussi les non-mutantes, mais _beaucoup moins parce qu'elles l'attirent moins fortement_.
+C'est ça qui est important.
+Il doit parcourir plus de distance et doit neÌ?cessairement et invraisemblablement avoir lÂ?aptitude de repeÌ?rer les mutantes...
+Je vous rappelle que la mutation dont je parlais _rendait la fleur plus attirante pour le papillon_.
+X. morgani sait donc les repeÌ?rer par hypotheÌ?se : c'est d'ailleurs la seule particulariteÌ? de ces mutantes.
+Enfin, il y a des types de symbiose par milliers dans la nature.
+La theÌ?orie creÌ?ationniste a la vertu de sÂ?appuyer sur des pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes observeÌ?s pour valider ses hypotheÌ?ses.
+Ca c'est le pompon ! La creÌ?ation speÌ?ciale et surnaturelle, c'est un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne observeÌ? ? On aura tout vu...
+En revanche, on a deÌ?jaÌ? observeÌ? des mutations, la seÌ?lection naturelle, la deÌ?rive geÌ?neÌ?tique, des remaniements chromosomiques, des speÌ?ciations...
+L'eÌ?volution ne neÌ?cessite pas d'autres meÌ?canismes.
+On a meÌ?me deÌ?jaÌ? observeÌ? la mise en place d'une symbiose parfaite, qui aÌ? premieÌ?re vue (mais aÌ? premieÌ?re vue seulement) semble eÌ?tre irreÌ?ductible, aÌ? partir de deux organismes qui s'ignoraient superbement (voire dont l'un parasitait l'autre).
+Ce n'est donc pas impossible, et avec les geÌ?neÌ?rations, les symbioses observeÌ?es (dans la nature et en laboratoire) sont alleÌ?es en se perfectionnant, allant jusqu'aÌ? atteindre un niveau de sophistication dont n'importe quel creÌ?ationniste aurait tireÌ? argument si on ne l'avait pas vu apparaiÌ?tre progressivement.
+Je n'ai pas tout lu le deÌ?bat sur la creÌ?ativiteÌ?, mais je m'y affaire.
+Puisque je n'y ai pas pris part activement, c'est pourquoi je vous relance sur un point ou deux qui accroche au fil de vos eÌ?crit, et ce de façon assez uniforme.
+Vous semblez meÌ?langer 'reÌ?flexion' et 'calcul'.
+Un ordinateur calcul.
+Il ne reÌ?fleÌ?chit pas (pas encore du moins).
+ConseÌ?quemment, toute les oppositions 'intuitions'-'reÌ?flexions' ne se dissocie pas comme 'intuitions'-'calculs' ou meÌ?me 'reÌ?flexions'-'calculs', ce qui selon ce que j'y comprend, est source de malentendus.
+Vous ne semblez pas comprendre que la notions de 'geÌ?nie artistique' est strictment subjectif, et donc compleÌ?tement arbitraire, et consceÌ?quent ne constitue AUCUNE bases solides sur la preuve de l'existance de l'aÌ?me.
+Je m'explique: je que JE consideÌ?re comme creÌ?atif, n'est surement pas la meÌ?me chose que ce que VOUS consideÌ?reÌ? comme creÌ?atif.
+Notamment, le fait que je ne connaisse pas tel ou tel oeuvre, implique que si quelqu'un la copie et me la preÌ?sente, je suis susceptible de la trouver originale et/ou geÌ?niale.
+En fait le manque de connaissance ne nous permet pas d'eÌ?tre plus creÌ?atif ou plus original, mais plutoÌ?t de nous ammener aÌ? tout trouver plus original et plus creÌ?atif, ce qui n'est pas neÌ?ceÌ?ssairement le cas.
+Ensuite, la notion d'originaliteÌ? est compleÌ?tement deÌ?pendante du contexte culturel auquel elle fait reÌ?feÌ?rence et n'est donc pas absolue (contrairement aÌ? l'origine que vous lui supposeÌ?e).
+Selon votre hypotheÌ?se, c'est comme si il y avait une grande piscine meÌ?taphysique de creÌ?ativiteÌ? qui coule progressivement et seÌ?lectivement selon son endroit d'application, ce qui constitue selon moi une acrobatie logique fort boiteuse.
+Vous faites souvent reÌ?feÌ?rence aux beatles.
+Or il se trouve que je deÌ?teste les beatles.
+Les quelques rares chansons qu'ils ont joueÌ? que j'appreÌ?cie, ce n'est pas eux qui les ont eÌ?crites, ou bien elle eÌ?tait compleÌ?tement calqueÌ?e sur un 'patern' typique.
+Leurs oeuvres plus 'originales' ne se meÌ?rite que la poubelle, car c'est vraiment de la marde.
+Et laÌ? je ne parle pas du fait qu'il s'agit d'un, sinon 'LE', premier groupe rock aÌ? faire dans le marketing.
+Le premier band commercial autrement dis.
+Ok, aÌ? cette eÌ?poque, peut-eÌ?tre que leur chanson n'eÌ?taient pas creÌ?es uniquement pour des fins commerciales, mais c'est quand meÌ?me aÌ? ça qu'elles ont servies, cad aÌ? empiler de ca$h.
+Il ne s'agit laÌ? que de mon opinion, tout comme vos eÌ?laborations sur leur 'geÌ?nie'.
+Puisqu'il s'agit laÌ? d'opinion, cet exemple ne suffit pas aÌ? exprimer votre conception de 'creÌ?ativiteÌ?'. Autre part, vous eÌ?mettez votre opinion sur ces musiciens pour eux tout n'est que technique et vitesse.
+Le fait de dire que leurs oeuvres ne sont pas creÌ?atrices me fait rire autant que vous pouvez rire aÌ? les entendres.
+Le meilleur exemple eÌ?tant le jazz.
+Et plus particulieÌ?rement le free jazz.
+Trouvez moi un seul joueur de jazz qui creÌ?e des oeuvres originales et inteÌ?ressantes qui n'a pas de technique ! VoilaÌ?, c'est aÌ? peu preÌ?s ça.
+En conclusion, je dirais que je tire de vos eÌ?crit une vision treÌ?s naiÌ?ve et, contrairement aÌ? ce que vous ideÌ?alisez, treÌ?s structureÌ?e et beaucoup trop deÌ?finie, qui vous conduit aÌ? vos erreur de reÌ?sonnement sur l'existance de l'aÌ?me, esprit spirituel, etc.
+Ce que je veux dire, c'est que le subjectivisme de la creÌ?ation et de l'originateÌ? et des eÌ?motions en geÌ?neÌ?rals nous proscrit d'utiliser ces notions pour l'eÌ?laboration d'une quelconque preuve sur quoi que ce soit, car cette preuve sera automatiquement subjetive et donc arbitraire, ce qui en fait une 'non-preuve'.
+PeÌ?riode propheÌ?tique eÌ?voqueÌ?e en Daniel 9:24-27 durant laquelle JeÌ?rusalem serait rebaÌ?tie, le Messie apparaiÌ?trait, puis serait retrancheÌ? ; aÌ? la suite de cette peÌ?riode, la ville ainsi que le lieu saint seraient mis en deÌ?solation.
+Tandis que Daniel priait, Dieu envoya son ange Gabriel, porteur dÂ?une propheÌ?tie que presque tous les commentateurs de la Bible tiennent pour messianique, meÌ?me si leurs interpreÌ?tations varient consideÌ?rablement.
+Gabriel deÌ?clara : Soixante-dix semaines ont eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?termineÌ?es sur ton peuple et sur ta ville sainte, afin de mettre un terme aÌ? la transgression, et de supprimer le peÌ?cheÌ?, et de faire propitiation pour la faute, et dÂ?amener la justice pour des temps indeÌ?finis, et dÂ?apposer un sceau sur vision et propheÌ?te, et dÂ?oindre le Saint des Saints.
+Il faut que tu saches et que tu sois perspicace : depuis la sortie de la parole pour reÌ?tablir et pour rebaÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem jusquÂ?aÌ? Messie le Guide, il y aura sept semaines, eÌ?galement soixante-deux semaines.
+Elle reviendra et sera bel et bien rebaÌ?tie, avec place publique et fosseÌ?, mais dans la deÌ?tresse des temps.
+Et apreÌ?s les soixante-deux semaines, Messie sera retrancheÌ?, avec rien pour lui-meÌ?me.
+Et la ville et le lieu saint, le peuple dÂ?un guide qui vient les ravagera.
+Et la fin de cela sera par lÂ?inondation.
+Et jusquÂ?aÌ? la fin il y aura guerre ; ce qui est deÌ?cideÌ?, ce sont des deÌ?solations.
+Et il devra garder lÂ?alliance en vigueur pour la multitude pendant une semaine ; et aÌ? la moitieÌ? de la semaine il fera cesser sacrifice et offrande.
+Et sur lÂ?aile des choses immondes il y aura celui qui cause la deÌ?solation ; et jusquÂ?aÌ? une extermination, la chose deÌ?cideÌ?e se deÌ?versera aussi sur celui qui est en deÌ?solation.
+(Dn 9:24-27). La majoriteÌ? des biblistes sÂ?accordent aÌ? dire que les semaines de cette propheÌ?tie sont des semaines dÂ?anneÌ?es.
+On trouve la traduction soixante-dix semaines dÂ?anneÌ?es (Bible par P.
+de Beaumont) ; et un certain nombre de versions confirment cette leçon dans une note sur Dn 9:24.
+Â? Bible de JeÌ?rusalem ; Traduction du Monde Nouveau ; La Bible (AT par E.Dhorme et NT par J.Grosjean et M.LeÌ?turmy) ; Segond ; Z.Kahn.
+Quand les soixante-dix semaines ont-elles deÌ?buteÌ? ? Pour ce qui est du deÌ?but des 70 semaines, dans la 20e anneÌ?e de son reÌ?gne, au mois de Nisan, le roi de Perse ArtaxerxeÌ?s donna aÌ? NeheÌ?mia lÂ?autorisation de rebaÌ?tir la muraille et la ville de JeÌ?rusalem (Ne 2:1, 5, 7, 8).
+Dans ses calculs concernant le reÌ?gne dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s, NeheÌ?mia eut apparemment recours aÌ? une anneÌ?e qui commençait par le mois de Tishri (septembre-octobre), comme le fait lÂ?actuel calendrier civil des Juifs, et qui avait pour dernier mois, le 12e, celui dÂ?EÌ?loul (aouÌ?t-septembre).
+On ne sait pas sÂ?il sÂ?agissait dÂ?une manieÌ?re de calculer toute personnelle ou si elle avait cours aÌ? certaines fins en Perse.
+Certains contestent les explications qui preÌ?ceÌ?dent et prennent pour argument NeheÌ?mia 7:73, ouÌ? NeheÌ?mia parle des IsraeÌ?lites rassembleÌ?s dans leurs villes au septieÌ?me mois, la position des mois eÌ?tant dans ce texte calculeÌ?e selon une anneÌ?e courant de Nisan aÌ? Nisan.
+Mais NeheÌ?mia copiait ici un extrait du livre de lÂ?enregistrement geÌ?neÌ?alogique de ceux qui eÌ?taient monteÌ?s au commencement avec Zorobabel, en 537 av.
+n. eÌ?. (Ne 7:5.)
+Par ailleurs, NeheÌ?mia deÌ?crit la ceÌ?leÌ?bration de la feÌ?te des Huttes aÌ? son eÌ?poque et la situe au septieÌ?me mois (Ne 8:9, 13-18).
+Cela sÂ?explique parfaitement, car le reÌ?cit dit quÂ?ils trouveÌ?rent ce que Dieu ordonnait eÌ?crit dans la loi ; or, dans cette loi, en LeÌ?vitique 23:39-43, il est dit que la feÌ?te des Huttes devait avoir lieu le septieÌ?me mois (cÂ?est-aÌ?-dire celui du calendrier religieux, courant de Nisan aÌ? Nisan).
+Cependant, en comparant NeheÌ?mia 1:1-3 avec 2:1-8, on tient une raison de penser quÂ?aÌ? propos de certains eÌ?veÌ?nements NeheÌ?mia se servit dÂ?une anneÌ?e allant dÂ?automne aÌ? automne.
+Dans le premier passage, il raconte avoir reçu les mauvaises nouvelles concernant la situation de JeÌ?rusalem en Kislev (troisieÌ?me mois du calendrier civil et neuvieÌ?me du calendrier religieux) dans la 20e anneÌ?e dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s.
+Dans le second passage, il demande au roi lÂ?autorisation dÂ?aller rebaÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem, autorisation qui lui est accordeÌ?e au mois de Nisan (septieÌ?me mois du calendrier civil et premier du calendrier religieux), mais toujours dans la 20e anneÌ?e dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s.
+Ainsi donc, NeheÌ?mia ne comptait manifestement pas les anneÌ?es du reÌ?gne dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s de Nisan aÌ? Nisan.
+Pour situer la 20e anneÌ?e dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s, nous remontons aÌ? la fin du reÌ?gne de son peÌ?re et preÌ?deÌ?cesseur XerxeÌ?s, qui mourut dans la dernieÌ?re partie de 475 av.
+n. eÌ?. LÂ?anneÌ?e de lÂ?accession au troÌ?ne pour ArtaxerxeÌ?s commença donc en 475 av.
+n. eÌ?., et sa premieÌ?re anneÌ?e de reÌ?gne fut probablement compteÌ?e aÌ? partir de 474 av.
+n. eÌ?., comme lÂ?indiquent dÂ?autres teÌ?moignages historiques.
+La 20e anneÌ?e du reÌ?gne dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s fut sans doute, par conseÌ?quent, 455 av.
+n. eÌ?. (Voir Les reÌ?gnes de XerxeÌ?s et dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s envoyeÌ? preÌ?ceÌ?demment).
+La sortie de la parole : La propheÌ?tie dit quÂ?il y aurait 69 semaines dÂ?anneÌ?es depuis la sortie de la parole pour reÌ?tablir et pour rebaÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem jusquÂ?aÌ? Messie le Guide . (Dn 9:25.)
+Selon les teÌ?moignages de lÂ?histoire profane ainsi que de la Bible, JeÌ?sus vint vers Jean et fut baptiseÌ?, devenant ainsi lÂ?Oint, Messie le Guide, au deÌ?but de lÂ?automne de lÂ?an 29 de n.
+eÌ?. (Voir Naissance de JeÌ?sus envoyeÌ? preÌ?ceÌ?demment).
+En remontant le temps aÌ? partir de ce point cleÌ? de lÂ?histoire, on peut situer le deÌ?but des 69 semaines dÂ?anneÌ?es en 455 av.
+n. eÌ?. Cette anneÌ?e-laÌ? eut lieu lÂ?importante sortie de la parole pour reÌ?tablir et pour rebaÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem . Au mois de Nisan (mars-avril) de la 20e anneÌ?e du reÌ?gne dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s (455 av.
+n. eÌ?.), NeheÌ?mia demanda au roi : Si ton serviteur paraiÌ?t bon devant toi, je demande que tu mÂ?envoies vers Juda, vers la ville des tombes de mes anceÌ?tres, pour que je la rebaÌ?tisse.
+(Ne 2:1, 5). Le roi donna lÂ?autorisation, et NeheÌ?mia fit le long voyage de Suse aÌ? JeÌ?rusalem.
+Aux environs du quatrieÌ?me jour dÂ?Ab (juillet-aouÌ?t), apreÌ?s avoir inspecteÌ? de nuit les murailles, NeheÌ?mia donna ordre aux Juifs : Venez et rebaÌ?tissons la muraille de JeÌ?rusalem, pour que nous ne soyons plus un opprobre.
+(Ne 2:11-18). CÂ?est donc aÌ? JeÌ?rusalem, la meÌ?me anneÌ?e, que NeheÌ?mia rendit effective la sortie de la parole pour rebaÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem avec lÂ?autorisation dÂ?ArtaxerxeÌ?s.
+Cela fixe donc clairement 455 av.
+n. eÌ?. comme lÂ?anneÌ?e aÌ? partir de laquelle commenceÌ?rent aÌ? compter les 70 semaines.
+Les travaux de reÌ?paration des murailles furent termineÌ?s le 25e jour dÂ?EÌ?loul (aouÌ?t-septembre), en 52 jours seulement (Ne 6:15).
+ApreÌ?s la reconstruction des murailles, la reÌ?paration du reste de JeÌ?rusalem se poursuivit.
+Pour ce qui est des sept premieÌ?res semaines (49 ans), NeheÌ?mia, avec lÂ?aide dÂ?Ezra et, ensuite, dÂ?autres qui leur succeÌ?deÌ?rent probablement, travailla dans la deÌ?tresse des temps , rencontrant des difficulteÌ?s internes, parmi les Juifs eux-meÌ?mes, et externes, venant des Samaritains et dÂ?autres (Dn 9:25).
+Le livre de Malaki, eÌ?crit apreÌ?s 443 av.
+n. eÌ?., deÌ?plore lÂ?eÌ?tat lamentable dans lequel eÌ?tait alors tombeÌ?e la preÌ?trise juive.
+On pense que le retour de NeheÌ?mia aÌ? JeÌ?rusalem apreÌ?s une visite aÌ? ArtaxerxeÌ?s (voir Ne 5:14 ; 13:6, 7) eut lieu apreÌ?s cela.
+La Bible ne reÌ?veÌ?le pas pendant combien de temps apreÌ?s 455 av.
+n. eÌ?. NeheÌ?mia poursuivit en personne ses efforts pour baÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem.
+Toutefois, le travail fut sans doute termineÌ? dans une mesure suffisante en lÂ?espace de 49 ans (sept semaines dÂ?anneÌ?es), et ensuite JeÌ?rusalem et son temple subsisteÌ?rent pour la venue du Messie.
+Messie arrive apreÌ?s soixante-neuf semaines : Pour ce qui est des soixante-deux semaines qui suivirent (Dn 9:25), celles-ci, faisant partie des 70 et eÌ?tant mentionneÌ?es en second, se deÌ?rouleÌ?rent aÌ? partir de lÂ?acheÌ?vement des sept semaines . CÂ?est pourquoi la peÌ?riode depuis la sortie de la parole pour rebaÌ?tir JeÌ?rusalem jusquÂ?aÌ? Messie le Guide dura sans doute 7 plus 62 semaines , soit 69 semaines (483 ans), de lÂ?an 455 av.
+n. eÌ?. aÌ? lÂ?an 29 de n.
+eÌ?. Comme cela est mentionneÌ? preÌ?ceÌ?demment, aÌ? lÂ?automne de cette anneÌ?e-laÌ?, 29 de n.
+eÌ?., JeÌ?sus fut baptiseÌ? dans lÂ?eau, oint avec de lÂ?esprit saint, et il commença son ministeÌ?re en qualiteÌ? de Messie le Guide . (Lc 3:1, 2, 21, 22) Ainsi, des sieÌ?cles aÌ? lÂ?avance, la propheÌ?tie de Daniel deÌ?signa avec preÌ?cision lÂ?anneÌ?e exacte de lÂ?arriveÌ?e du Messie.
+Peut-eÌ?tre les Juifs du Ier sieÌ?cle de n.
+eÌ?. avaient-ils effectueÌ? des calculs sÂ?appuyant sur la propheÌ?tie de Daniel ; ils guettaient par conseÌ?quent lÂ?apparition du Messie.
+La Bible raconte : Or, comme le peuple eÌ?tait dans lÂ?attente et que tous raisonnaient dans leurs cÂ?urs aÌ? propos de Jean : Â? Ne serait-il pas peut-eÌ?tre le Christ ? Â? (Lc 3:15).
+Bien quÂ?attendant le Messie, ils ne purent sans doute pas deÌ?terminer le mois, la semaine ou le jour exacts de son arriveÌ?e.
+CÂ?est pourquoi ils se demandeÌ?rent si Jean eÌ?tait le Christ, alors que Jean commença vraisemblablement son ministeÌ?re au printemps 29 de n.
+eÌ?., environ six mois avant que JeÌ?sus ne se preÌ?sente pour eÌ?tre baptiseÌ?. RetrancheÌ? aÌ? la moitieÌ? de la semaine : Gabriel avait encore dit aÌ? Daniel : ApreÌ?s les soixante-deux semaines, Messie sera retrancheÌ?, avec rien pour lui-meÌ?me.
+(Dn 9:26). CÂ?est quelque temps apreÌ?s la fin des Â? sept plus soixante-deux semaines Â?, en fait environ trois ans et demi plus tard, que Christ fut retrancheÌ? en mourant sur un poteau de supplice, renonçant aÌ? tout ce quÂ?il posseÌ?dait, en rançon pour le genre humain (Is 53:8).
+Les faits indiquent que JeÌ?sus consacra la premieÌ?re moitieÌ? de la semaine au ministeÌ?re.
+Un jour, probablement en automne 32 de n.
+eÌ?., il donna un exemple dans lequel, manifestement, il compara la nation juive aÌ? un figuier (voir Mt 17:15-20 ; 21:18, 19, 43) qui nÂ?avait pas donneÌ? de fruit pendant trois ans . Le vigneron disait au proprieÌ?taire de la vigne : MaiÌ?tre, laisse-le encore cette anneÌ?e, jusquÂ?aÌ? ce que jÂ?aie creuseÌ? tout autour et que jÂ?aie mis du fumier ; et si aÌ? lÂ?avenir il produit alors du fruit, aÌ? la bonne heure ; sinon, tu le couperas.
+(Lc 13:6-9). Peut-eÌ?tre eÌ?tait-ce laÌ? une allusion aÌ? la peÌ?riode de son ministeÌ?re aupreÌ?s de cette nation insensible, ministeÌ?re qui aÌ? ce moment-laÌ? durait depuis environ trois ans et allait entrer dans sa quatrieÌ?me anneÌ?e.
+LÂ?alliance en vigueur pendant une semaine : Daniel 9:27 dit : Et il devra garder lÂ?alliance en vigueur pour la multitude pendant une semaine (sept ans) ; et aÌ? la moitieÌ? de la semaine il fera cesser sacrifice et offrande.
+LÂ? alliance en question nÂ?eÌ?tait certainement pas lÂ?alliance de la Loi, car en raison du sacrifice de Christ, trois ans et demi apreÌ?s le deÌ?but de la 70e semaine , Dieu la supprima : Il lÂ?a fait disparaiÌ?tre [la Loi] en [la] clouant au poteau de supplice.
+(Col 2:14). Qui plus est, Christ, par rachat, nous a libeÌ?reÌ?s de la maleÌ?diction de la Loi [...]. CÂ?eÌ?tait afin que, pour les nations, la beÌ?neÌ?diction dÂ?Abraham vienne par le moyen de JeÌ?sus Christ . (Ga 3:13, 14.)
+Par le moyen de Christ, Dieu proposa les beÌ?neÌ?dictions de lÂ?alliance abrahamique aux descendants dÂ?Abraham selon la chair, eÌ?cartant les Gentils (les non-juifs) jusquÂ?aÌ? ce que lÂ?EÌ?vangile leur soit annonceÌ? lorsque Pierre preÌ?cha aÌ? lÂ?Italien Corneille (Ac 3:25, 26 ; 10:1-48).
+La conversion de Corneille et de sa maisonneÌ?e eut lieu apreÌ?s celle de Saul de Tarse, quÂ?on situe habituellement aux environs de lÂ?an 34 de n.
+eÌ?. ; apreÌ?s cela, la congreÌ?gation connut une peÌ?riode de paix pendant laquelle elle se baÌ?tit (Ac 9:1-16, 31).
+Il semble donc bien que Corneille fut admis dans la congreÌ?gation chreÌ?tienne vers lÂ?automne 36 de n.
+eÌ?., ce qui correspond aÌ? la fin de la 70e semaine , 490 ans aÌ? compter de lÂ?an 455 av.
+n. eÌ?. Il fait cesser sacrifices et offrandes : LÂ?expression Â? faire cesser Â? employeÌ?e aÌ? propos du sacrifice et de lÂ?offrande signifie litteÌ?ralement amener ou mettre en sabbat (ou en repos), faire se reposer, faire arreÌ?ter de travailler . Â? Le sacrifice et lÂ?offrande Â? quÂ?on Â? fait cesser Â?, selon Daniel 9:27, ne pouvaient eÌ?tre le sacrifice reÌ?dempteur de JeÌ?sus ni, logiquement, quelque sacrifice spirituel de ses disciples.
+Ils doivent deÌ?signer les sacrifices et les offrandes que les Juifs preÌ?sentaient au temple de JeÌ?rusalem conformeÌ?ment aÌ? la Loi de MoiÌ?se.
+La moitieÌ? de la semaine se situa probablement au milieu de sept ans, autrement dit apreÌ?s trois ans et demi dans cette semaine dÂ?anneÌ?es.
+La 70e semaine ayant deÌ?buteÌ? aÌ? peu preÌ?s en automne 29 de n.
+eÌ?., avec le bapteÌ?me de JeÌ?sus et son onction en tant que Christ, la moitieÌ? de cette semaine (trois ans et demi) dura jusquÂ?au printemps 33 de n.
+eÌ?., cÂ?est-aÌ?-dire lÂ?eÌ?poque de la PaÌ?que (14 Nisan) de cette anneÌ?e-laÌ?. Il semble que ce jour tomba le 1er avril 33 de n.
+eÌ?. selon le calendrier greÌ?gorien.
+LÂ?apoÌ?tre Paul explique que JeÌ?sus Â? vint pour faire la volonteÌ? de Dieu Â?, qui consistait aÌ? Â? supprimer le premier (les sacrifices et les offrandes prescrits par la Loi) pour quÂ?il puisse eÌ?tablir le second Â?. CÂ?est ce quÂ?il fit en offrant son propre corps en sacrifice.
+(HeÌ? 10:1-10) Bien que les preÌ?tres juifs aient continueÌ? aÌ? offrir des sacrifices au temple de JeÌ?rusalem jusquÂ?aÌ? sa destruction en 70 de n.
+eÌ?., Dieu ne consideÌ?ra plus comme recevables et valides les sacrifices pour le peÌ?cheÌ?. Juste avant sa mort, JeÌ?sus dit aÌ? lÂ?adresse de JeÌ?rusalem : Votre maison vous est abandonneÌ?e.
+(Mt 23:38). Christ a offert un seul sacrifice pour les peÌ?cheÌ?s aÌ? perpeÌ?tuiteÌ? [...]. Car cÂ?est par une seule offrande sacrificielle quÂ?il a rendu parfaits aÌ? perpeÌ?tuiteÌ? ceux qui sont en train dÂ?eÌ?tre sanctifieÌ?s . Or, laÌ? ouÌ? il y a pardon [des peÌ?cheÌ?s et actions illeÌ?gales], il nÂ?y a plus dÂ?offrande pour le peÌ?cheÌ?. (HeÌ? 10:12-14, 18).
+LÂ?apoÌ?tre Paul rappelle que la propheÌ?tie de JeÌ?reÌ?mie parlait dÂ?une alliance nouvelle, lÂ?ancienne alliance (alliance de la Loi) devenant de ce fait peÌ?rimeÌ?e et vieillissante, preÌ?s de disparaiÌ?tre . (HeÌ? 8:7-13) Un terme aÌ? la transgression et au peÌ?cheÌ? : Le retranchement de JeÌ?sus, sa reÌ?surrection et sa parution dans le ciel eurent pour effet de mettre un terme aÌ? la transgression, et de supprimer le peÌ?cheÌ? et de faire propitiation pour la faute . (Dn 9:24.)
+LÂ?alliance de la Loi faisait apparaiÌ?tre que les Juifs eÌ?taient peÌ?cheurs, les condamnait pour ce motif et attirait sur eux la maleÌ?diction due aux transgresseurs de lÂ?alliance.
+Cependant, laÌ? ouÌ? le peÌ?cheÌ? a abondeÌ? , car il eÌ?tait montreÌ? au grand jour ou rendu manifeste par la Loi mosaiÌ?que, la miseÌ?ricorde et la faveur de Dieu ont abondeÌ? bien plus par le moyen de son Messie (Rm 5:20).
+GraÌ?ce au sacrifice du Messie, la transgression et le peÌ?cheÌ? des peÌ?cheurs repentants peuvent eÌ?tre annuleÌ?s et la peine leveÌ?e.
+Une justice eÌ?ternelle est introduite : La valeur de la mort de Christ sur le poteau a fourni une reÌ?conciliation pour les croyants repentants.
+Leurs peÌ?cheÌ?s ont eÌ?teÌ? couverts par propitiation, et il eÌ?tait deÌ?sormais possible que Dieu les Â? deÌ?clare justes Â?. Cette justice sera eÌ?ternelle et elle procurera la vie eÌ?ternelle aÌ? ceux qui sont deÌ?clareÌ?s justes.
+(Rm 3:21-25) LÂ?onction du Saint des Saints : JeÌ?sus fut oint avec de lÂ?esprit saint au moment de son bapteÌ?me, car lÂ?esprit saint descendit sur lui repreÌ?senteÌ? de façon visible sous la forme dÂ?une colombe.
+Mais lÂ?onction du Saint des Saints deÌ?signe plus que lÂ?onction du Messie, car cette expression ne se rapporte pas aÌ? un individu.
+Le Saint des Saints ou le TreÌ?s-Saint est lÂ?expression employeÌ?e pour deÌ?signer le vrai sanctuaire de Dieu (Dn 9:24 ; Ex 26:33, 34 ; 1R 6:16 ; 7:50).
+Par conseÌ?quent, lÂ?onction du Saint des Saints dont il est question dans le livre de Daniel doit avoir trait aÌ? la tente plus grande et plus parfaite, non faite par des mains , celle ouÌ? JeÌ?sus Christ, le Grand PreÌ?tre souverain, entra avec son propre sang . (HeÌ? 9:11, 12.)
+Quand JeÌ?sus preÌ?senta la valeur de son sacrifice humain aÌ? son PeÌ?re, le ciel meÌ?me avait lÂ?aspect de la reÌ?aliteÌ? spirituelle repreÌ?senteÌ?e par le TreÌ?s-Saint du tabernacle et du temple qui vint ensuite.
+La demeure ceÌ?leste de Dieu avait effectivement eÌ?teÌ? ointe, ou mise aÌ? part, pour eÌ?tre le Saint des Saints dans les structures du grand temple spirituel qui vint aÌ? lÂ?existence au moment ouÌ? JeÌ?sus fut oint avec de lÂ?esprit saint en 29 de n.
+eÌ?. (Mt 3:16 ; Lc 4:18-21 ; Ac 10:37, 38 ; HeÌ? 9:24) Un sceau apposeÌ? sur vision et propheÌ?te : LÂ?ensemble de cette Â?uvre accomplie par le Messie Â? sa mort, sa reÌ?surrection, sa parution devant Dieu avec la valeur de son sacrifice, et les autres choses qui se produisent au cours de la 70e semaine Â? Â? appose un sceau sur vision et propheÌ?te Â?, montrant que vision et propheÌ?te sont authentiques et viennent de Dieu.
+Cette Â?uvre appose sur vision et propheÌ?te le sceau de la garantie divine, prouvant quÂ?ils ont une seule source divine et ne viennent pas de lÂ?homme faillible.
+Elle scelle la vision et confirme quÂ?elle sÂ?applique exclusivement au Messie parce quÂ?elle trouve sa reÌ?alisation en sa personne et dans lÂ?Â?uvre que Dieu effectue par son moyen (ReÌ? 19:10).
+Son interpreÌ?tation reÌ?side en lui, et il est inutile dÂ?en chercher la reÌ?alisation sur qui que ce soit dÂ?autre.
+Rien dÂ?autre ne viendra en desceller la signification.
+(Dn 9:24) Des deÌ?solations pour la ville et le lieu saint : CÂ?est apreÌ?s les 70 semaines , mais en conseÌ?quence directe du rejet de Christ par les Juifs durant la 70e semaine , que sÂ?accomplirent les eÌ?veÌ?nements des parties finales de Daniel 9:26 et 27.
+LÂ?Histoire retient que Titus, fils de lÂ?empereur Vespasien de Rome, conduisit les armeÌ?es romaines qui monteÌ?rent contre JeÌ?rusalem.
+Ces armeÌ?es entreÌ?rent effectivement dans JeÌ?rusalem et dans le temple meÌ?me comme une inondation et deÌ?soleÌ?rent la ville et son temple.
+La preÌ?sence dÂ?armeÌ?es paiÌ?ennes dans le lieu saint faisait dÂ?elles une chose immonde . (Mt 24:15.)
+Toutes les tentatives dÂ?apaisement entreprises avant la fin de JeÌ?rusalem eÌ?choueÌ?rent parce que Dieu avait deÌ?creÌ?teÌ? : Ce qui est deÌ?cideÌ?, ce sont des deÌ?solations , et jusquÂ?aÌ? une extermination, la chose deÌ?cideÌ?e se deÌ?versera aussi sur celui qui est en deÌ?solation . Une conception juive : Le texte massoreÌ?tique, avec son systeÌ?me de points-voyelles, fut mis au point dans la dernieÌ?re partie du Ier milleÌ?naire de n.
+eÌ?. Sans doute parce quÂ?ils rejetaient JeÌ?sus Christ en tant que Messie, en Daniel 9:25 les MassoreÌ?tes accentueÌ?rent le texte heÌ?breu dÂ?un ´athnah, ou interruption , apreÌ?s sept semaines , les seÌ?parant ainsi des soixante-deux semaines ; de cette façon, il semble que les 62 semaines de la propheÌ?tie, aÌ? savoir 434 ans, sÂ?appliquent aÌ? la peÌ?riode de reconstruction de la JeÌ?rusalem antique.
+On lit dans la Bible de Maredsous : Sache donc, et comprends ceci : depuis quÂ?a eÌ?teÌ? profeÌ?reÌ? lÂ?oracle sur la restauration de JeÌ?rusalem jusquÂ?aÌ? un chef oint, il y aura sept semaines ; [lÂ?interruption est ici repreÌ?senteÌ?e par le point-virgule] puis pendant soixante-deux semaines, elle sera rebaÌ?tie avec places et enceinte, dans la deÌ?tresse des temps.
+La Bible du Rabbinat français fait un choix similaire : Il y a sept semaines ; et durant soixante-deux semaines JeÌ?rusalem sera de nouveau rebaÌ?tie.
+Dans ces deux versions, les mots pendant ou durant figurent dans le texte français pour satisfaire aÌ? lÂ?interpreÌ?tation retenue par les traducteurs.
+Dans une note sur un cours quÂ?il a donneÌ? aÌ? lÂ?universiteÌ? dÂ?Oxford, le professeur E.
+Pusey fait cette remarque aÌ? propos de lÂ?accentuation massoreÌ?tique : Les Juifs mettent lÂ?interruption principale du verset 9:25 sous Â?mot en heÌ?breuxÂ? [sept], censeÌ?e seÌ?parer les deux nombres, 7 et 62.
+Ce fut manifestement une indeÌ?licatesse de leur part, Â?mot en heÌ?breuxÂ? (comme dit Rachi [ceÌ?leÌ?bre rabbin juif des XIe et XIIe sieÌ?cles de n.
+eÌ?.] lorsquÂ?il rejette les interpreÌ?tations litteÌ?rales qui favorisaient les chreÌ?tiens) Â? aÌ? cause des heÌ?reÌ?tiques Â?, c.-aÌ?-d.
+des chreÌ?tiens. En effet, la dernieÌ?re phrase, ainsi coupeÌ?e, pouvait uniquement signifier Â? et durant soixante-deux semaines rue et muraille seront reÌ?tablies et construites Â?, c.-aÌ?-d.
+que JeÌ?rusalem serait en reconstruction durant 434 ans, ce qui nÂ?avait aucun sens.
+Â? Daniel the Prophet, 1885, p.
+190. Concernant Daniel 9:26 (Z.Kahn) qui dit, en partie, et apreÌ?s ces soixante-deux semaines, un oint sera supprimeÌ?, sans avoir de successeur leÌ?gitime , les commentateurs juifs appliquent les 62 semaines aÌ? une peÌ?riode aboutissant au temps des MaccabeÌ?es, et le terme oint au roi Agrippa II, qui veÌ?cut aÌ? lÂ?eÌ?poque de la destruction de JeÌ?rusalem, celle de 70 de n.
+eÌ?. Ou encore, certains disent quÂ?il sÂ?agissait dÂ?un grand preÌ?tre, Onias, qui fut deÌ?poseÌ? par Antiochus EÌ?piphane en 175 av.
+n. eÌ?. Les applications quÂ?ils font de la propheÌ?tie aÌ? lÂ?un ou aÌ? lÂ?autre de ces hommes lui oÌ?tent toute signification ou importance reÌ?elle, et les divergences de datation font perdre aux 62 semaines leur caracteÌ?re de propheÌ?tie chronologique preÌ?cise.
+Â? Voir Soncino Books of the Bible (commentaire sur Dn 9:25, 26), par A.
+Cohen, Londres, 1951.
+Pour essayer de justifier leur conception, ces exeÌ?geÌ?tes juifs disent que les sept semaines sont, non pas 7 fois 7, 49 anneÌ?es, mais 70 ans ; pourtant ils comptent les 62 semaines comme eÌ?tant 7 fois 62 ans.
+DÂ?apreÌ?s eux, il sÂ?agissait de la peÌ?riode de lÂ?Exil.
+Dans ce verset (Dn 9:25), ils identifient lÂ? oint aÌ? Cyrus, ou aÌ? Zorobabel, ou au grand preÌ?tre YeÌ?shoua, et pensent que lÂ? oint de Daniel 9:26 est un autre personnage.
+Toutes les traductions françaises ne suivent pas ici la ponctuation massoreÌ?tique.
+Certaines font suivre dÂ?une virgule lÂ?expression sept semaines , dÂ?autres tournent la phrase de manieÌ?re aÌ? indiquer que les 62 semaines suivent les 7 pour faire partie des 70, sans forceÌ?ment laisser entendre que les 62 semaines sÂ?appliquent aÌ? la peÌ?riode de reconstruction de JeÌ?rusalem (voir Dn 9:25 dans La Sainte Bible par lÂ?abbeÌ? Crampon ; D.Martin).
+Dans Theologisch-homiletisches Bibelwerk, par J.
+P. Lange (Dn 9:25, note, p.
+198), une note reÌ?dactionnelle de James Strong deÌ?clare : La seule justification de cette traduction, qui seÌ?pare les deux peÌ?riodes de sept semaines et de soixante-deux semaines, donnant la premieÌ?re comme le terminus ad quem du Prince Oint et la deuxieÌ?me comme la peÌ?riode de reconstruction, repose sur lÂ?accentuation massoreÌ?tique, qui place lÂ?Athnac [interruption] entre les deux [...] et la traduction en question implique une construction scabreuse du second membre, qui soit sans preÌ?position.
+Il est par conseÌ?quent preÌ?feÌ?rable et plus simple de sÂ?aligner sur la Version AutoriseÌ?e qui suit toutes les traductions anciennes.
+Â? Par P. Schaff, 1976.
+De nombreuses autres theÌ?ories, certaines messianiques, dÂ?autres non messianiques, ont eÌ?teÌ? avanceÌ?es quant aÌ? la signification de la propheÌ?tie.
+On notera aÌ? cet eÌ?gard que le plus ancien texte disponible de la traduction de la Septante deÌ?forme gravement le texte heÌ?breu.
+Comme lÂ?explique le professeur Pusey, dans Daniel the Prophet (p.
+328, 329), le traducteur a falsifieÌ? la peÌ?riode mentionneÌ?e, mais aussi ajouteÌ?, modifieÌ? et transposeÌ? des mots, afin de faire coiÌ?ncider la propheÌ?tie avec la lutte des MaccabeÌ?es.
+Cette traduction manifestement indeÌ?licate a eÌ?teÌ? remplaceÌ?e dans la plupart des eÌ?ditions modernes de la Septante par une version de TheÌ?odotion, exeÌ?geÌ?te juif du IIe sieÌ?cle de n.
+eÌ?., conforme au texte heÌ?breu.
+Certains voudraient changer lÂ?ordre des peÌ?riodes de la propheÌ?tie, tandis que dÂ?autres les font se chevaucher ou leur refusent toute valeur chronologique.
+Mais les partisans de ces theÌ?ories sÂ?embrouillent deÌ?sespeÌ?reÌ?ment dans leurs explications et, aÌ? force de vouloir avancer des justifications, ils en viennent aÌ? des aberrations ou aÌ? la deÌ?neÌ?gation totale de lÂ?inspiration et de la veÌ?raciteÌ? de la propheÌ?tie.
+AÌ? propos de cette dernieÌ?re attitude en particulier, qui souleÌ?ve plus de probleÌ?mes quÂ?elle nÂ?en reÌ?sout, E.
+Pusey, lÂ?exeÌ?geÌ?te preÌ?citeÌ?, fait cette remarque : LÂ?increÌ?duliteÌ? se heurtait laÌ? aÌ? des probleÌ?mes insolubles ; elle allait chercher une reÌ?ponse qui lui convienne personnellement, ce qui eÌ?tait aÌ? ce stade le plus facile ; car lÂ?increÌ?duliteÌ? est preÌ?te aÌ? croire nÂ?importe quoi, aÌ? lÂ?exception de ce que Dieu reÌ?veÌ?le.
+Rebonsoir! Puisque vous avez repris certains passages preÌ?cis, dont mon interpreÌ?tation suscitait une reÌ?action, je me permettrai de tenter de reÌ?pondre point par point.
+On peut toujours essayer, apreÌ?s tout.
+En preÌ?alable geÌ?neÌ?ral, j'ai vraiment de plus en plus l'impression qu'il y a un probleÌ?me lieÌ? aÌ? l'utilisation meÌ?me du langage.
+Ce n'est pas un scoop, je le sais bien, mais il semblerait qu'en ces matieÌ?res, la sensibiliteÌ? individuelle, les preÌ?supposeÌ?s de chacun, son histoire personnelle en somme, influe consideÌ?rablement sur l'interpreÌ?tation que vous ouÌ? moi donnons au meÌ?me passage.
+Il est dommage qu'Eliade nous ait quitteÌ?, car en deÌ?finitive, je crains bien qu'il ait eÌ?teÌ? le seul aÌ? pouvoir trancher.
+Enfin, c'est comme ça� Passons au corps de votre analyse.
+"Aux notions que je viens de citer venant du JudaiÌ?sme, il faut ajouter pour le Christianisme celle de l'EspeÌ?rance".
+C'est bel et bon, mais ce qui caracteÌ?rise ce que j'appelle le "second groupe", c'est preÌ?ciseÌ?ment cette notion d'espeÌ?rance (ou d'espoir) pour "apreÌ?s".
+Le Paradis (qui n'est dans ma lecture de ces textes rien d'autre qu'une reÌ?inteÌ?gration deÌ?finitive ou temporaire dans l'eÌ?tat des origines, bien qu'Eliade souligne que ce n'est pas la theÌ?se soutenue par le christianisme [in "La nostalgie du Paradis"]), c'est toujours pour apreÌ?s la mort physique.
+La notion d'espeÌ?rance devient alors non seulement dangereusement illusoire (apreÌ?s tout, il ne s'agit que d'une hypotheÌ?se de survenue d'un eÌ?tat ideÌ?al toujours futur), mais elle devient eÌ?galement, comme l'avait en son temps souligneÌ? Marx, un outil extreÌ?mement puissant de domination des corps et des aÌ?mes!
+Par contraste, le Chaman, le Druide ou la PreÌ?tresse qui gueÌ?rit ici et maintenant une maladie du corps ou de l'esprit ne se contente pas de promettre: il fait.
+Il ne donne pas de l'espoir, il reÌ?alise, il transfeÌ?re au plan de tous les jours (historique) les possibiliteÌ?s (les pouvoirs?) qu'il a rameneÌ?s du plan ouÌ? existe le Grand Temps.
+[Juste une incise, hors de la reÌ?ponse: l'expression Grand Temps d'Eliade me paraiÌ?t mal choisie.
+Cela eÌ?voque pour moi non une eÌ?poque datable, mais un sous-univers atemporel, donc eÌ?ventuellement contemporain de l'univers "historique".
+C'est cela qui donne aÌ? cette partie atemporelle de l'univers envisageÌ? dans son ensemble une actualiteÌ? utilisable.
+Je sais que c'est une notion difficile aÌ? faire passer aÌ? l'aide des simples ressources du langage.
+Je fais ce que je peux!] Le chaman est selon Eliade celui qui est capable de faire le voyage aller et retour de la terre au ciel, donc, selon mon interpreÌ?tation, celui qui sait "passer les portes" entre ce monde-ci, historique, soumis aÌ? l'eÌ?coulement du temps, et cette autre "zone" qu'Eliade nomme le Grand Temps.
+Aussi l'espoir apporteÌ? aÌ? l'homme de base par les pouvoirs preÌ?teÌ?s au Chaman se situe-t-il dans le preÌ?sent historique.
+C'est une source aÌ? laquelle on peut aller boire en toute occasion.
+Dans les monotheÌ?ismes issus du Moyen-Orient, c'est toujours pour "apreÌ?s", jamais pour "tout de suite"!
+Je comprends que l'EspeÌ?rance soit une des vertus cardinales, car sinon, tout l'eÌ?difice s'eÌ?croule, et les croyants se compteront bientoÌ?t sur les doigts d'une seule main.
+Quoique, lorsqu'on voit aÌ? quels non-sens se raccrochent les disciples de Moon ou les TG, on peut leÌ?gitimement se dire que du moment que le papier est doreÌ? et la ficelle rose vif, le contenu du paquet n'a pas tant d'importanceÂ? Second point : "C'est un espoir d'angoisse, par neÌ?gation de la catastrophe".
+LaÌ? encore, non, car il y a espoir d'agir.
+Si catastrophe il doit y avoir, on tente d'en combattre la survenue, on ne reste pas aÌ? battre sa coulpe devant l'ineÌ?luctabiliteÌ? de notre condition d'eÌ?tres soi-disant marqueÌ?s par un imaginaire peÌ?cheÌ? originel.
+MeÌ?me parmi les chreÌ?tiens primitifs, le PeÌ?lagianisme, bien que deÌ?clareÌ? heÌ?reÌ?tique par Rome, a trouveÌ? des partisans, curieusement parmi les couches les plus lettreÌ?es, sinon les plus instruites, du monde romain finissant.
+Cet "acceÌ?s aÌ? un autre monde" que vous eÌ?voquez en en rappelant la deÌ?finition: le Paradis, le Nirvana n'est pas aÌ? mon avis ce que vous deÌ?finissez comme "l'espoir (Â?) d'un eÌ?veÌ?nement heureux surajouteÌ? aÌ? la condition ordinaire".
+C'est un eÌ?veÌ?nement posteÌ?rieur, en termes de temps qui s'eÌ?coule et de transformation de l'eÌ?tre (la mort) aÌ? la condition actuelle.
+Cela dit, je distinguerais, quant aÌ? moi, entre la notion de Paradis, peu clairement deÌ?finie aÌ? mon sens, et la notion de Nirvana.
+Mais ceci est une autre histoire (!) Point suivant (je reÌ?sume, en espeÌ?rant ne pas trahir votre penseÌ?e) : la prise de conscience.
+"mais tu sais bien que ce n'est pas vrai", "l'apparition du doute".
+Les mystiques chreÌ?tiens ont plus d'une fois parleÌ? de "la nuit noire de l'aÌ?me".
+C'est pour moi un concept treÌ?s fort, car, aÌ? ma toute petite eÌ?chelle, veÌ?cu.
+Il est eÌ?vident et dirais-je neÌ?cessaire que l'eÌ?tre en recherche de connaissance passe par cette eÌ?preuve, car sinon, ouÌ? serait la veÌ?ritable queÌ?te?
+Cette Nuit Noire oblige aÌ? une remise en cause totale, un deÌ?pouillement complet de ses certitudes anteÌ?rieures fondeÌ?es uniquement sur le "on dit" et sur l'expeÌ?rience des autres, et pas sur la sienne propre.
+LaÌ? ouÌ? mon opinion diverge radicalement de celle que vous exprimez, c'est quant aÌ? la conclusion qui est tireÌ?e de l'existence de ce pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne: "Pour faire taire cette voix, il faut deÌ?truire dans le monde tout ce qui tend aÌ? lui donner raison".
+Je vais aÌ? partir de laÌ?, et pour un temps, parler uniquement en mon nom, et non citer l'opinion d'Eliade, donc je m'eÌ?loigne peut-eÌ?tre du sujet, veuillez eÌ?tre assez bon pour me le pardonner.
+L'hypotheÌ?se effectivement horrible que vous eÌ?voquez a certes eÌ?teÌ? mise en pratique par certains, et on sait quels actes insoutenables en sont issus.
+C'est le triomphe de la beÌ?tise, de l'immaturiteÌ?, de la partie la plus bestiale en l'homme, celle qui lui vient probablement de ses anceÌ?tres simiens deÌ?pourvus de bien des deÌ?fenses accordeÌ?es par la Nature aÌ? ses freÌ?res preÌ?dateurs.
+Cette attitude est une reÌ?gression ontologique extreÌ?mement grave, fatale aussi bien aÌ? celui qui la subit qu'aÌ? tout ce qui bouge autours!
+Cette perspective est glaçante, et suscite en meÌ?me temps une immense tristesse, du moins si on a appris aÌ? comprendre son ennemi et ce qui le pousse aÌ? agresserÂ? Heureusement et pour le bien de tous, cette attitude n'est pas la seule possibiliteÌ? qui s'offre aÌ? l'homme dans sa queÌ?te.
+Une image parmi d'autres qui surgit dans mon esprit est celle du "pont de l'EpeÌ?e" qu'on retrouve dans plusieurs versions des romans arthuriens.
+Lorsque Lancelot doit passer ce pont, constitueÌ? d'une lame tranchante "comme un rasoir", la tentation est certainement forte pour le heÌ?ros de faire demi-tour en se disant : "On se paye ma teÌ?te, ou quoi ? Ce n'est pas jouable!". C'est ce qui distinguera le heÌ?ros veÌ?ritable de celui qui fera demi-tour.
+Le HeÌ?ros acceptera de passer l'eÌ?preuve de cette lame qui tranchera ses connaissances incompleÌ?tes et/ou erroneÌ?es, et ensuite seulement s'ouvrira pour lui, non plus le chemin des connaissances, mais le chemin de la Connaissance.
+Il verra alors le monde dans lequel il se trouve sous son aspect reÌ?el, quel qu'il soit, mais en tous cas, il aura eÌ?carteÌ? le "voile d'Isis" des Alchimistes, et il aura su regarder la VeÌ?riteÌ? en face.
+Contrairement au singe primitif ayant domineÌ? l'homme (aÌ? rapprocher de l'expression slang deÌ?signant les junkies : "avoir un singe sur les eÌ?paules"), il n'aura plus besoin de saccager l'univers pour en faire disparaiÌ?tre ce qui le deÌ?range.
+Bien au contraire, il aura gouÌ?teÌ?, ici et maintenant, dans son corps d'homme, aÌ? la veÌ?ritable nature des choses, et c'est lui qui en sortira transformeÌ?, non le monde qui s'en trouvera deÌ?vasteÌ?. C'est ce que je tentais de deÌ?gager dans mon essai d'essai.
+Et s'il est un risque de destruction personnelle dans une telle eÌ?preuve, au moins le heÌ?ros l'affrontera-t-il seul, et n'eÌ?prouvera-t-il pas le besoin d'entraiÌ?ner dans sa chute des milliers, voire des millions, d'hommes innocents de ses propres erreurs.
+Il aura au moins limiteÌ? les deÌ?gaÌ?ts, meÌ?me s'il n'a pas abouti dans sa queÌ?te.
+Reprenons cependant, apreÌ?s cette longue digression!
+Les miracles: le Christ lui-meÌ?me dit de laisser faire.
+Mais le Christ n'est pas ceux qui interpreÌ?teront ses paroles, heÌ?las!
+S'ils eÌ?taient resteÌ?s fideÌ?les aÌ? leurs propres sources, ils auraient agi (les commentateurs et les PeÌ?res de l'Eglise) comme leur MaiÌ?tre, et auraient laisseÌ? faire.
+Mais on eÌ?tait dans un contexte de conqueÌ?te de zone d'influence, et l'erreur qui me semble apparaiÌ?tre dans votre interpreÌ?tation, c'est de suivre ceux qui ont scindeÌ? entre "magie de gueÌ?rison (ou blanche)" et "magie de destruction" (ou noire).
+Les PeÌ?res de l'Eglise ont bien vu le parti qu'ils avaient aÌ? tirer de cette distinction: d'un coÌ?teÌ?, ils reÌ?cupeÌ?raient les anciens "lieux sacreÌ?s", les rebaptisaient selon les noms d'incertains saints chreÌ?tiens, s'appropriaient les "Lieux de Pouvoir" (lorsqu'ils ne les deÌ?truisaient pas comme eÌ?tant inassimilables), et jusqu'aux dates des feÌ?tes cycliques (je souligne ce dernier terme), tout en deÌ?truisant physiquement l'opposition aÌ? leur mainmise plus souvent temporelle que spirituelle!
+Elle a bon dos, la spiritualiteÌ? chreÌ?tienne, pendant la Reconquista!
+Je ne deÌ?velopperai pas plus avant, le sujet est connu, et la Sainte Inquisition se trouve, meÌ?me aux yeux de la PapauteÌ? actuelle, tomber sous le coup d'une sentence d'erreur (cf.
+"PrieÌ?re de repentance du Pape Jean-Paul II, au nom de l'Eglise catholique.
+A Rome, le 12 mars 2000 (1er dimanche de CareÌ?me)".
+Je cite : "Seigneur, Dieu de tous les hommes, aÌ? certaines eÌ?poques de l'histoire, croyant servir la foi et la veÌ?riteÌ?, des fils de l'Eglise se sont laisseÌ?s emporter par des sentiments d'intoleÌ?rance et ont commis des actes de violence envers des freÌ?res qui professaient d'autres croyances religieuses; pardonne-nous et enseigne-nous la veÌ?riteÌ? dans la douceur et la chariteÌ?."). L'expression" dans la vague de retour du satanisme" est laÌ? aussi sinon incorrecte (il y a bien en effet un retour de ces pratiques et/ou convictions) du moins incompleÌ?te.
+Je dirais plutoÌ?t qu'on assiste aÌ? un retour aux doctrines qualifieÌ?es peÌ?jorativement de paiÌ?ennes par les chreÌ?tiens, qui sont surtout des doctrines archaiÌ?ques au sens d'Eliade.
+La notion de "Satan" ou "ChaiÌ?tan" ou autre n'a pas sa sources dans les doctrines archaiÌ?ques.
+Lorsqu'on "trace le cercle" dans un rituel magique actuel, et quel qu'en soit la finaliteÌ?, ne se retrouve-t-on pas dans la configuration deÌ?finie theÌ?oriquement par Eliade, et bien mateÌ?riellement par les grands cercles de meÌ?galithes?
+L'expression "tracer le cercle de pierres" est d'ailleurs preÌ?sente explicitement chez Scott Cunningham ("Wicca, a guide for the Solitary Practitioner", Llewelyn Publ.), si ma meÌ?moire ne deÌ?faille pas.
+Qu'il soit difficile de rencontrer une religion sans composante magique, j'en conviens aiseÌ?ment.
+Cependant, et d'apreÌ?s ce que rapporte mon autre auteur preÌ?feÌ?reÌ?, A.
+David-NeÌ?el, dans "Mystiques et Magiciens du Tibet", la composante "magique" n'est pas, et de loin, consideÌ?reÌ?e comme fondamentale par les theÌ?ologiens tibeÌ?tains de l'eÌ?poque, mais plutoÌ?t comme un "side effect", utilisable et utiliseÌ?, de la Voie de connaissance qu'ils suivaient (bouddhiste aÌ? la base) et comme une belle impasse pour celui qui s'y engage, au deÌ?triment de sa progression personnelle (voir aussi Eliade, "ExpeÌ?rience sensorielle et expeÌ?rience mystique chez les primitifs").
+De cette composante magique, il est eÌ?vident, aux yeux en tout cas de ceux qui s'inteÌ?ressent aÌ? cette question et avec qui j'ai eu le plaisir de correspondre, qu'elle est majeure dans les sacrements et rituels catholiques (voir aussi "Les mythes du monde moderne" pour le caracteÌ?re cyclique de l'anneÌ?e liturgique chreÌ?tienne).
+Que la magie soit non-coloreÌ?e, c'est une eÌ?vidence pour qui a lu ici ou laÌ? quelques ouvrages sur le sujet, de meÌ?me qu'il me semble eÌ?vident que le mieux placeÌ? pour tuer est le meÌ?decin, de par sa connaissance de la constitution et des meÌ?canismes du corps humain (ce n'est pas une attaque contre les meÌ?decins, juste un fait d'expeÌ?rience).
+Que le rituel donc puisse ensuite orienter cet outil, quel qu'il soit, vers des buts eÌ?ventuellement treÌ?s diffeÌ?rents est aussi une eÌ?vidence (Je renvoie aÌ? l'ouvrage magistral de Pierre Christian, "Histoire de la Magie" aux eÌ?ditions Artefact).
+Venons-en maintenant aÌ? la Bible.
+Je me suis permis de preÌ?ciser aÌ? quelle traduction et eÌ?dition je me reÌ?feÌ?rais, non qu'elle soit meilleure ou pire qu'une autre, mais simplement parce que c'est la seule que je posseÌ?de.
+La "manip" magique exposeÌ?e dans l'Exode comporte deux parties: sa preÌ?paration et sa reÌ?alisation.
+Et c'est laÌ? tout le geÌ?nie de l'astuce.
+Alors qu'ailleurs MoiÌ?se fulmine contre les mages et le culte des Baals et des AshtarteÌ?s (Eliade, je ne sais plus ouÌ?!), YahveÌ?, dans sa grande intelligence, dit aÌ? MoiÌ?se: "Vois, je fais de toi un Dieu pour Pharaon, et Aaron ton freÌ?re sera ton propheÌ?te" (Exode, 7,1).
+Ca c'est la preÌ?paration, et la notion d'illusion accompagnant cette deÌ?leÌ?gation de pouvoir me semble eÌ?vidente.
+Elle est deÌ?veloppeÌ?e dans Exode 4.1 aÌ? 4.12, 7.1 aÌ? 7.6.
+La mise en application du plan est relateÌ?e dans Exode 7.10 aÌ? 7.13 (en ce qui concerne la partie "magique", puis ensuite vient le reÌ?cit des Plaies).
+Cette astuce pour faire "passer en force" l'utilisation de la Magie, leÌ?gitimeÌ?e pour l'occasion par les ordres divins, est digne de la grande eÌ?poque des JeÌ?suites.
+Cet eÌ?pisode ne contredit donc pas, dans le plan geÌ?neÌ?ral des ouvrages constituant la Bible actuelle, les anatheÌ?mes lanceÌ?s.
+Pour employer une image grossieÌ?re, seuls les flics ont le "permis de tuer"!
+L'argument de la nouveauteÌ? due aÌ? l'apparition d'autres ouvertures et conceptions theÌ?ologiques ne tient pas non plus, du moins aÌ? mes yeux.
+Ce n'est pas parce qu'un libraire ouvre son eÌ?choppe en face de celle de mon libraire habituel que cette dernieÌ?re prend un caracteÌ?re de nouveauteÌ? pour moi!
+Ce n'est pas une "neÌ?o-librairie" pour autant.
+Or il en est pour moi des conceptions religieuses comme de tout choix: c'est moi qui l'effectue, pour ma gouverne personnelle, et sans prendre pour argent comptant et en bloc ce qu'exposent les tenants de telle ou telle doctrine, mais bien en faisant mon choix dans les conceptions et ideÌ?es offertes, de meÌ?me que je n'acheÌ?te pas en bloc le stock de mon libraireÂ? Si la parabole indienne des aveugles touchant un eÌ?leÌ?phant est inteÌ?ressante, j'en tire personnellement un corollaire : si la veÌ?riteÌ? est un puzzle dont chacun deÌ?tient un petit morceau, j'aimerais beaucoup arriver aÌ? emprunter chacun de ces morceaux, pour tenter de reconstituer le puzzle.
+Vaste entreprise...
+Sur la Mythologie celtique: je n'ai pas lu l'Histoire des croyances, donc je ne saurais valablement eÌ?mettre un avis.
+Mais dans les quelques ouvrages que je posseÌ?de, il n'est fait allusion aÌ? l'Europe occidentale preÌ?chreÌ?tienne que brieÌ?vement, et sans dissertation, dans les dernieÌ?res pages de "Images et Symboles".
+Chute dans la mateÌ?rialiteÌ?, chute dans l'Histoire.
+Pour moi, identiteÌ? des concepts.
+L'espace, meÌ?me pour Eliade, se conçoit difficilement en dehors du concept de dureÌ?e, et reÌ?ciproquement.
+D'ouÌ? cette assimilation, peut-eÌ?tre pas assez expliciteÌ?e j'en conviens, mais aÌ? mon avis exacte.
+La reÌ?inteÌ?gration au Paradis: le temps biblique des origines n'est pas le Paradis, c'est le Jardin d'Eden.
+A moins que je n'ai loupeÌ? un eÌ?pisode, le Paradis promis par les doctrines judaiÌ?stes ou chreÌ?tiennes ne fait pas reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? un retour aÌ? l'Eden, et c'est logique: ayant acceÌ?deÌ? malgreÌ? l'interdit au fruit de l'arbre de Science, comment l'homme pourrait-il revenir en ce lieu et en ce temps?
+C'est d'ailleurs aÌ? mon avis une bonne explication (dans la logique de ce contexte particulier) de son expulsion.
+Comme on le dit parfois "On ne saurait faire rentrer un poussin dans sa coquille".
+L'homme est sorti, selon ces conceptions, de sa coquille, et il ne peut y rentrer.
+L'Eden lui eÌ?tant interdit, ces religions lui proposent autre chose.
+Normal. Voir par ailleurs Eliade, "La Nostalgie du Paradis".
+GueÌ?risons et cosmogonie: ça m'ennuie, je suis certain d'avoir lu un passage explicite aÌ? ce sujet, mais je n'ai pas reÌ?ussi aÌ? remettre la main dessus.
+Partie remise ;-) Le texte auquel vous pensez, en ce qui concerne les rituels eÌ?gyptiens anciens, est-il la "DeÌ?claration" que fait l'esprit du deÌ?funt de n'avoir pas enfreint toute une liste de commandements?
+Si c'est celui auquel je pense, il est effectivement treÌ?s beau.
+Avec la restriction toutefois que le deÌ?funt eÌ?tait censeÌ? avoir le droit de mentir et d'essayer, aÌ? ses risques et peÌ?rils, de "truander" les Dieux!
+TreÌ?s sympa, cette coutume, dont l'humour sous-jacent me plaiÌ?t bien!
+Je ne pense pas non plus que le reÌ?gime ritualiste archaiÌ?que soit ni meÌ?canique ni contraignant, au sens peÌ?joratif du terme, et en le comparant aux religions posteÌ?rieures.
+Il eÌ?tait en effet calqueÌ? sur des conditions non modifiables de l'environnement et de son fonctionnement, donc compleÌ?tement ineÌ?vitables, contrairement aux theÌ?ories beaucoup plus arbitraires de ce qui a suivi, beaucoup moins appuyeÌ?es sur le reÌ?el de tous les jours, et issues d'esprits certes puissants, mais bien eÌ?loigneÌ?s des preÌ?occupations du paysan moyen (Ais-je dis que parfois je me sens l'aÌ?me d'un vieux paysan?). Merci en tout cas de ce que j'ose prendre pour un compliment :"Vous semblez travailler comme Eliade lui-meÌ?me".
+Je n'aurai cependant pas cette preÌ?tention!
+Pourquoi au fait les relations entre ensembles ne seraient-elles pas bijectives?
+J'avoue que laÌ?, je crains de n'avoir pas saisi le fond de votre penseÌ?e.
+Je plaide coupable pour avoir utiliseÌ? le terme d'Illusion en ce qui concerne la vision du monde proposeÌ?e par le JudaiÌ?sme.
+J'aurais effectivement du m'en tenir au terme "le plus bas des modes d'eÌ?tre", qui, cependant, compareÌ? aux hypotheÌ?tiques splendeurs du monde divin, et meÌ?me s'il est Â?uvre de Dieu, ne repreÌ?sente gueÌ?re plus qu'une illusion.
+Voir eÌ?galement que dans la GeneÌ?se, le fait de nommer les choses et les eÌ?tres, taÌ?che accomplie par le premier homme, est l'acte qui les fait tous participer de la reÌ?aliteÌ?. Bien preÌ?caire reÌ?aliteÌ? que celle s'appuyant sur l'existence corporelle, fragile et limiteÌ?e de l'homme.
+Mais soit, OK sur le principe.
+Voir neÌ?anmoins le message laisseÌ? par le soufi Ghazali apreÌ?s sa mort: "Mon aÌ?me est un oiseau, ce corps en est la cage.
+Je me suis envoleÌ?, le laissant comme un signe" (citeÌ? par GenevieÌ?ve Chauvel dans "Saladin").
+Toute le caracteÌ?re non de dualiteÌ?, mais dual (et non duel) des conceptions preÌ?ceÌ?demment examineÌ?es se reÌ?sume dans ces deux vers.
+Enfin, mythe fondateur ou justificatif?
+La logique historique (et la mienne propre!) voudrait que ni l'un ni l'autre des qualificatifs ne conviennent (entre 2 solutions, toujours choisir la 3eÌ?me!). Le paradoxe de la poule et de l'Â?uf ne se conçoit que dans une eÌ?volution sans meÌ?canisme d'iteÌ?ration.
+Il est probable aÌ? mon avis que le mythe ait eÌ?volueÌ? selon ces deux modaliteÌ?s, se reÌ?pondant et se renforçant mutuellement, au cours des aÌ?ges.
+On eÌ?voque une histoire, puis on rejoue cette premieÌ?re histoire, elle devient progressivement plus complexe, on rejoue, etc.
+Processus d'iteÌ?ration classique et normal.
+Du moins aÌ? mes yeux, eÌ?videmment!
+De tout cela, il me reste, en gros, l'impression premieÌ?re que j'avais exprimeÌ?e en deÌ?but de cette (trop) longue reÌ?ponse.
+Le veÌ?cu personnel colore eÌ?normeÌ?ment des theÌ?ories qui touchent aÌ? l'ideÌ?e meÌ?me que l'homme se fait de son destin.
+Ici, il s'agit des ideÌ?es exprimeÌ?es par Eliade, mais, pour moi du moins, il ne s'agit rien moins que de tenter de comprendre, avec ou sans l'aide d'Eliade ou de quelque autre theÌ?oricien.
+Et cela influe aÌ? l'extreÌ?me sur ma lecture.
+Le probleÌ?me qui se pose aÌ? vous en tant qu'universitaire, sans preÌ?juger d'une eÌ?ventuelle recherche personnelle en ces matieÌ?res, n'est pas le meÌ?me, et je puis me permettre des liberteÌ?s d'interpreÌ?tation qui, je le conçois bien, pourraient vous eÌ?tre reprocheÌ?es dans le cadre d'une theÌ?se.
+Je puis aussi comprendre l'ampleur du travail de recherche, compilation, comparaison et analyse/syntheÌ?se personnelle neÌ?cessiteÌ?s par une telle entreprise.
+Ouf! J'arrive au terme de ce message, et j'ai l'impression de n'avoir qu'aÌ? peine effleureÌ? le sujet, ce qui correspond plus que probablement aÌ? une reÌ?aliteÌ? bien tangible!
+Il y a quand meÌ?me quelque chose que je trouve eÌ?minemment sympathique, c'est d'avoir trouveÌ?, sur ce forum Sceptique, l'occasion que je recherchais de soumettre mes pauvres vues et ideÌ?es aÌ? une critique eÌ?claireÌ?e.
+Et ça, c'est inespeÌ?reÌ? et inappreÌ?ciable!
+Dans l'attente de vous lire, et en vous souhaitant sinceÌ?rement de mener aÌ? bien votre labeur, Avec mes amitieÌ?s, Ody : " AÌ? moins que vous ne jugiez par avance que tout est faux, je suis convaincu que vous saurez trouver des eÌ?leÌ?ments inteÌ?ressants " Je juge beaucoup moins " par avance " que vous (i .e., votre jugement sur " les " sceptiques).
+D'autre part, je pars du principe que les auteurs des textes proposeÌ?s (ainsi que vous-meÌ?mes) sont de bonne foi.
+Je ne preÌ?tends pas savoir ce qui est vrai ni ce qui est faux dans l'absolu.
+Je ne peux que savoir si quelque chose se tient scientifiquement parlant, et encore, plus particulieÌ?rement quand cela touche aux domaines dans lesquels je suis compeÌ?tents.
+Ici, je suis bien placeÌ? pour parler des pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes biologiques et neurophysiologiques.
+Ody : " Quand vous aurez lu tout cela avec calme et ouverture, alors nous passerons aux compte-rendus deÌ?tailleÌ?s, ça vous va? " Bien que je n'aime pas tellement votre ton, disons que ça me va.
+Seulement, j'espeÌ?re que vous allez tenir parole et me fournir ces comptes-rendus, et non faire capoter la discussion sur la seule base de mes conclusions.
+En effet, bien qu'ayant lu attentivement ces textes et ceux proposeÌ?s par " Julia " (je le prouve par mes commentaires plus bas), je vous averti en prologue que n'y vois aucune preuve de la reÌ?aliteÌ? de l'orgone.
+Sur les liens, deux reÌ?feÌ?rences renvoient aÌ? un texte bourreÌ? d'allusions mystiques et peu scientifiques (les articles du livre de DeMeo), dont je releÌ?verai quelques erreurs importantes.
+L'article de Pacheco est une hypotheÌ?se parfaitement theÌ?orique accoleÌ?e aÌ? une autre hypotheÌ?se theÌ?orique (plus empiriste) et choisie pour son adeÌ?quation avec la premieÌ?re, elle ne deÌ?montre en rien la reÌ?aliteÌ? de l'orgone mais montre que l'auteur croit que l'orgone existe et peut mieux expliquer d'autres theÌ?ories (ce qui est d'une grande preÌ?tention de sa part).
+Une autre est un article de physique sur lequel je ne porterai pas de critique (contrairement aÌ? vous, qui preÌ?tendez eÌ?tre capable de tout juger, je connais les limites de mes connaissances).
+Pour limiter la discussion, je me suis donc concentreÌ? sur les articles de DeMeo et le site du " biological laboratory ". Ces deux reÌ?feÌ?rences me semblent contenir toute l'argumentation de base en faveur de l'orgone, qui est deÌ?clineÌ?e de manieÌ?re redondante sur d'autres sites.
+Il est eÌ?vident que je vous laisse libre d'amener d'autres preuves si vous en trouvez.
+Simplement, je vous prierai de sortir de l'argumentation limiteÌ?e que je deÌ?nonce plus bas et de trouver des arguments plus seÌ?rieux.
+Les articles du livre de DeMeo : Je me suis principalement pencheÌ? sur les chapitres que vous proposiez.
+Je n'ai pas lu en entier les autres articles du livre de DeMeo accessibles, mais y ai jeteÌ? un oeil.
+Une remarque d'ordre geÌ?neÌ?rale : il n'y a aucune reÌ?feÌ?rence accoleÌ?es dans le texte, surtout vis-aÌ?-vis des affirmations les plus critiquables.
+Ca peut eÌ?tre normal pour un livre de vulgarisation mais je vous ai demandeÌ? des reÌ?feÌ?rences prouvant l'existence de l'orgone.
+Je consideÌ?re donc que vous tenez ce livre en estime particulieÌ?re et les arguments deÌ?veloppeÌ?s pour seÌ?rieux.
+SpeÌ?cialement pour le chapitre 5 : " Objective Demonstration of the Orgone Energy ". Si j'ai tort, dites-le moi.
+Je n'ai ni le temps ni l'envie de relever toutes les erreurs, deÌ?formations, omissions, ou lacunes, de nature scientifique ou logique, que j'ai remarqueÌ?es dans le texte.
+La taÌ?che serait trop fastidieuse, et aussi un peu vaine car beaucoup sont reÌ?peÌ?teÌ?es tout au long du texte.
+Comme il n'y a nulle part de compte-rendus d'expeÌ?rience ni d'indication de ce que pourraient eÌ?tre les preuves les plus plausibles en faveur de l'orgone, je pose donc certains points que je juge importants, et qui me font penser que ce texte n'est pas baseÌ? sur un raisonnement scientifique valable.
+J'apporte aussi des exemples ponctuels qui montre que DeMeo ne connaiÌ?t pas tellement certains des sujets qu'il aborde.
+Chapitre 5 ( http://www.orgonelab.org/orac_05.htm ) : Ce chapitre aurait du eÌ?tre le plus deÌ?tailleÌ? car il est le chapitre essentiel quant aÌ? la preuve de l'eÌ?nergie orgone.
+Ca aurait du eÌ?tre une suite logique d'observations articuleÌ?es dans un texte coheÌ?rent, deÌ?montrant l'ideÌ?e de l'orgone aÌ? partir du tout deÌ?but.
+On a, au contraire, une liste d'eÌ?leÌ?ments disparates, non articuleÌ?s entre eux et dont on ne peut saisir ce qui les uni, sauf en prenant la theÌ?orie pour acquise.
+On a donc une liste de points concernant : a) des techniques (en fait, des variations d'utilisation de l' " orgone accumulator ") qui sont posteÌ?rieures au deÌ?veloppement de la theÌ?orie et complaisantes aÌ? celle-ci, b) d'observations qui sont venues s'y greffer en tant que " qu'eÌ?leÌ?ments ajouteÌ?s aÌ? la preuve " qui utilisent ces techniques, et c) d'observations utilisant d'autres techniques.
+Les cateÌ?gories a) et b) ne peuvent pas prouver la theÌ?orie car elles ne sont pas indeÌ?pendantes de la theÌ?orie, et entraiÌ?nent une reÌ?flexion tautologique ; elles ne supportent absolument pas l'" objectiviteÌ? " proÌ?neÌ?e dans le titre du chapitre.
+Je ne vois que quatre points sur les 16 avanceÌ?s qui sont suffisamment indeÌ?pendants pour permettre une reÌ?flexion : les points A), C), D) et M).
+Les points A) et M).
+Je ne vois absolument aucune raison de les avoir seÌ?pareÌ?s.
+Le fait que DeMeo l'ait fait est une autre indication que ce texte est conçu comme une accumulation d'eÌ?leÌ?ments disparates et non une deÌ?monstration.
+Ceci dit, le point A) est aÌ? la base meÌ?me du systeÌ?me, et vaut la peine d'eÌ?tre recopieÌ? ici : " Bioelectric Fields: Reich identified various bioelectrical phenomenon which he felt demonstrated a more powerful energy current at work in the body.
+The small millivolt currents of "bioelectricity", he argued, were only a small portion of this stronger energy current in the body, which he identified as being both emotional and sexual in nature, and which was later objectively identified as the orgone energy " Je vois dans le passage du " felt " (sentit) au " objectively identified " (indentifia objectivement), en passant par le " argued " (soutint), toute la " profondeur " de la deÌ?monstration qui n'est que rheÌ?torique.
+Aucun eÌ?leÌ?ment, en effet, n'est explicitement soutenu par les rares faits apporteÌ?s ici et dans le point M) ; de plus, l'interpreÌ?tation de ces derniers sont souvent fallacieuse.
+En fait, il existe quelques faits deÌ?montrables : on peut effectivement reÌ?colter des variations faibles de potentiel sur des eÌ?tres (ou des tissus) vivants et des variations de potentiels lors de pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes electromagneÌ?tiques plus complexes (et inertes).
+Mais, tout le reste est pure speÌ?culation.
+Rien ne prouve que la vision de Reich est vraie et rien n'est apporteÌ? comme preuve qu'il ne s'agit pas de pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes diffeÌ?rents.
+En fait, la parole de Reich est poseÌ?e comme indiscutablement juste (eÌ?crire " objectively " n'est pas une preuve indiscutable d'objectiviteÌ? ; ici, c'est meÌ?me le contraire, puisque ça permet de taire tout controÌ?le sur l'objectiviteÌ? de la preuve).
+Moi, j'aimerai bien qu'on me montre l'expeÌ?rience qui a prouveÌ?e que l'eÌ?nergie " de nature eÌ?motionnelle et sexuelle " est celle qui relie " le soleil, la lune, la terre, les systeÌ?mes meÌ?teÌ?orologiques et toutes les creÌ?atures vivantes " (la sexualiteÌ? de la terre ne doit pas eÌ?tre banale !). J'aimerai aussi qu'on me prouve que la " pulsation " des potentiels est bien dues aÌ? une " eÌ?nergie en phase avec des facteurs cosmiques et meÌ?teÌ?orologiques " ; car, au-delaÌ? de La poeÌ?sie de cette image, je n'y vois pas plus de concret que dans le co(s)mique astrologique.
+Je passe beaucoup de mes journeÌ?es a faire des enregistrements eÌ?lectrophysiologiques (avec un appareillage beaucoup plus sophistiqueÌ? que celui que devait utiliser Reich) et je n'observe pas ce genre de " pulsation ", donc je reÌ?clame une preuve formelle qui n'est meÌ?me pas envisageÌ?e ici.
+J'observe encore moins les caracteÌ?ristiques d'une eÌ?nergie ubiquitaire car les valeur de diffeÌ?rence de potentiels sont extreÌ?mement deÌ?pendants d'ouÌ? l'eÌ?lectrode est situeÌ?e.
+Par ailleurs, il est maintenant connu, car on a longuement testeÌ? les appareils de mesures du voltage, que les mateÌ?riaux qui ne sont pas bons conducteurs d'eÌ?lectriciteÌ? peuvent montrer des variations de potentiels, qui sont dus qu'aÌ? des causes physiques (variation d'humiditeÌ?, de tempeÌ?rature, etc.). Il n'y a rien dans le texte qui permette de croire que Reich a fait la part de ces probleÌ?mes dans l'eÌ?tablissement de sa theÌ?orie, ce qui pourrait (aÌ? la rigueur) s'expliquer, mais DeMeo ne l'a pas fait non plus.
+Pourquoi ? Je crois que c'est parce qu'il refuse de confronter ce qu'il affirme avec la reÌ?aliteÌ? de la recherche d'aujourd'hui car c'est ce qui revient le plus souvent dans son texte : la hantise de ce qui contredit Reich.
+En se reÌ?fugiant dans une theÌ?orie fourre-tout, Reich et DeMeo deÌ?daignent beaucoup d'explications aveÌ?reÌ?es pour des pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes divers (entre autres, celles concernant la nature biochimique de l'" eÌ?nergie " nerveuse, par exemple, discuteÌ? plus loin), au profit d'une seule unification qui perd tout son sens car ils ne peuvent pas la prouver.
+Ce n'est pas du tout une attitude scientifique.
+Les points C) et D) peÌ?chent par les meÌ?mes impreÌ?cisions, d'une part, et refus d'envisager d'autres explications, d'autre part.
+Ils ont un deÌ?faut suppleÌ?mentaire, qui est de faire intervenir en partie une machinerie orgo-eÌ?nergeÌ?tique avant que la preuve de l'orgone ne soit eÌ?tablie.
+Ils font penser, en plus, aux manifestations ectoplasmiques, dont ils posseÌ?dent la meÌ?me eÌ?vanescence.
+Le point C) parle de " scintillating fog-like forms ", " luminescent pin-point of lights " qui sont preÌ?senteÌ? comme des manifestations de l'orgone, point final.
+Aucune mention n'est faite aÌ? de possible illusion (pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne de persistance reÌ?tinienne, par exemple, qui explique treÌ?s bien ces points lumineux).
+D'autre part, malgreÌ? qu'il n'en dit pas long, DeMeo trouve le moyen d'eÌ?tre un peu leÌ?ger dans sa deÌ?marche : il commence par dire que ces pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes sont visibles dans le noir apreÌ?s accoutumance des yeux (faites l'expeÌ?rience, vous verrez que cela ne marche pas si l'Â?il est vraiment bien accoutumeÌ? et le noir total), puis apreÌ?s, il mentionne que ce pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne est observable de jourÂ? Je veux ! Faites l'expeÌ?rience : regardez une surface brillante puis tournez les yeux vers un coin de luminositeÌ? diffeÌ?renteÂ? c'est exactement ça la persistance reÌ?tinienne ; pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne bien eÌ?tudieÌ?, que l'on a meÌ?me montreÌ? lieÌ? au temps d'inactivation de certaines proteÌ?ines dans les photoreÌ?cepteurs.
+Le point scientifique n'est pas envisageÌ?, seul compte la construction d'un " room-sized orgone accumulator " (qui me fait penser au microscope eÌ?norme de Gatti, comme si gros voulait toujours dire " qui trouve la veÌ?riteÌ? ") qui aurait prouveÌ? la reÌ?aliteÌ? " objective " de ces manifestations ; ici encore, nous devons prendre sa parole car aucun eÌ?leÌ?ment ne nous permet de juger.
+Rien, non plus pour soutenir l'affirmation que la terre posseÌ?de sa propre enveloppe d'eÌ?nergie orgone.
+Sur le point D), rien n'est dit quant au tests qui auraient pu deÌ?montrer que ces " fantoÌ?mes " sont des artefacts.
+En fait, tout porte aÌ? croire que les seules explications envisageÌ?es sont celles qui font intervenir l'orgone, le reste a eÌ?teÌ? ignoreÌ?. Ce serait preÌ?sumer que l'orgone existe avant que la deÌ?monstration ne soit faite.)
+Ces points, comme les autres, ne montrent rien par eux-meÌ?mes et ne prouvent rien sinon que des explications alternatives n'ont pas eÌ?teÌ? retenues.
+Les deÌ?fauts majeurs de ce chapitre sont que rien n'est expliciteÌ? sur la suite logique des observations qui auraient conduit aÌ? la theÌ?orie et que celle-ci est consideÌ?reÌ?e comme vraie indeÌ?pendamment de toute la recherche, souvent contradictoire, qui se fait dans les diffeÌ?rents domaines qu'elle est supposeÌ?e toucher.
+Il aurait eÌ?teÌ? treÌ?s facile de remeÌ?dier au premier point, en posant des deÌ?tails cleÌ?s et un peu plus de preÌ?cision dans l'enchaiÌ?nement logique de la reÌ?flexion mais cela n'a pas eÌ?teÌ? fait.
+Si quelqu'un conclut aÌ? la preuve sur ces bases, c'est qu'il est preÌ?disposeÌ? aÌ? croire sans eÌ?leÌ?ments.
+D'autre part, et je ne m'eÌ?tendrai pas laÌ?-dessus, il existe un nombre faramineux d'observations et d'expeÌ?riences qui contredisent la theÌ?orie de l'orgone.
+Rien n'est dit sur celles-ci, ni sur comment la theÌ?orie de l'orgone a un pouvoir explicatif ou une adeÌ?quation aÌ? la reÌ?aliteÌ? supeÌ?rieurs aÌ? ces theÌ?ories concurrentes.
+Cet " oubli ", dans le cadre d'une discussion qui se veut objective, montre qu'il y a plutoÌ?t volonteÌ? de censurer ce qui pourrait nuire aÌ? la theÌ?orie.
+Dans un sens, c'est un aveu indirect de sa fragiliteÌ?. Chapitre 6 : Ce chapitre est tout aussi symptomatique du caracteÌ?re non-scientifique de l'approche de DeMeo.
+Il commence par tourner son texte de manieÌ?re aÌ? laisser croire que des systeÌ?mes qui n'ont rien de scientifiques ont montreÌ? l'existence d'une " eÌ?nergie non conventionnelle ", que ce soit l'acuponcture ou le systeÌ?me indien qui lui est similaire, le mesmeÌ?risme ou l'eÌ?lan vital.
+Il ne pose aucun regard critique sur ces theÌ?ories, en particulier sur leur coÌ?teÌ? non-scientifiques, et les tient pour parfaitement adaptables aÌ? la science occidentale.
+Il n'envisage les divergences que pour souligner qu'il semble manquer une " eÌ?nergie universelle " aÌ? la science moderne, qui permettrait la reÌ?union des ideÌ?es de Reich (avec toutefois des ajustements des autres theÌ?ories, car Reich a mieux fait que tout le monde).
+Le reste du texte est une suite d'exemples de personnages qui ont lanceÌ? l'ideÌ?e d'une " eÌ?nergie universelle " et dont les travaux sont preÌ?senteÌ?s selon une recette bien preÌ?cise : on dit que Machin ou Chose a preÌ?tendu ceci ; on dit qu'il a trouveÌ? des manifestations indubitables de cette " eÌ?nergie universelle " ; Machin ou Chose se retrouve deÌ?nigreÌ? par ces pairs et est forceÌ? de mourir/s'exiler/disparaiÌ?tre.
+DeMeo n'oublie pas de preÌ?ciser vers la fin que Reich est le meilleur et celui qui a fait le plus progresseÌ? la deÌ?couverte de cette eÌ?nergie mais que, lui aussi, a eÌ?teÌ? en butte aÌ? l'" establishment scientifique ". Ici encore, il n'y a aucune tentative de syntheÌ?se.
+Contrairement aÌ? un texte veÌ?ritablement seÌ?rieux, ou l'emphase serait mise sur les faits et les avanceÌ?es qui ont deÌ?couleÌ?es de ces faits, toute la deÌ?monstration de DeMeo consiste aÌ? proclamer que les martyrs avaient raison parce que la preuve qu'ils avaient raison est qu'ils ont eÌ?teÌ? ignoreÌ?s par la communauteÌ? scientifique.
+A aucun moment, DeMeo ne laisse croire que s'ils ont eÌ?teÌ? ignoreÌ?s c'est parce que ce qu'ils disaient n'avait pas de sens.
+(Il proceÌ?de aussi par la meÌ?me penseÌ?e seÌ?lective - http://skepdic.com/selectiv.html - que Gatti avec ses " pistes inhabituelles qui ont toujours payeÌ? ", qui consiste aÌ? oublier les exemples qui ne conforment pas aÌ? ses ideÌ?es.)
+A aucun moment, il ne prend la peine d'expliquer quels sont les arguments qui ont eÌ?teÌ? opposeÌ?s aÌ? ces theÌ?ories.
+Pire, il preÌ?tend qu'il n'y en a pas eu, ce dont je doute treÌ?s fort (sauf pour certaines theÌ?ories, tellement absconses qu'elles ne valent meÌ?me pas un commentaire).
+Il preÌ?sente les choses comme s'il n'y avait qu'eut sauvage reÌ?pression des " possesseurs de la veÌ?riteÌ? " par la Science Conservatrice et Officielle.
+On pourrait l'admettre, aÌ? la rigueur (et difficilement dans les exemples qu'il preÌ?sente, toutefois), dans quelques casÂ? Mais, non ! Tous sont des reÌ?primeÌ?s, ce qui tend plutoÌ?t aÌ? deÌ?montrer la subjectiviteÌ? de DeMeo, et sa tendance aÌ? choisir ces cas dans cette cateÌ?gorie-la pour obtenir un effet patheÌ?tiqueÂ? A moins qu'il n'y ait aucun exemple de theÌ?orie, qui soit aÌ? la fois admise par la " science officielle " et ouvre sur la theÌ?orie de l'orgone ? C'est bien possible, mais je crois qu'il y a une autre raison.
+En effet, sa manieÌ?re de proceÌ?der au cas par cas est aussi un exemple du biais mystique imprimeÌ? dans sa deÌ?monstration.
+Une deÌ?monstration scientifique devrait proposer une inteÌ?gration des faits dans une theÌ?orie et une explication des faits divergents.
+En prenant chacun des cas seÌ?pareÌ?ment, DeMeo s'eÌ?vite la peine d'expliquer seÌ?rieusement en quoi ces theÌ?ories ne sont pas contradictoires, ou en quoi ces theÌ?ories supportent l'ideÌ?e de l'orgone.
+Il agit comme si toutes les theÌ?ories pouvaient expliquer les meÌ?mes faits, meÌ?me si elles peuvent eÌ?tre mutuellement exclusive par certains points.
+En agissant ainsi, DeMeo s'eÌ?vite aussi la taÌ?che ardue de discuter en quoi les theÌ?ories proposeÌ?es sont " supeÌ?rieures " aux theÌ?ories preÌ?pondeÌ?rantes dans la communauteÌ? scientifique.
+En effet, en isolant chaque theÌ?orie, il ne rend pas neÌ?cessaire la syntheÌ?se des faits : chaque theÌ?orie est valable en et par elle-meÌ?me et n'a de compte aÌ? rendre aÌ? personne.
+Seulement, ceci n'est absolument pas valable dans un domaine scientifique ouÌ? chaque observation doit soit s'inteÌ?grer dans le modeÌ?le theÌ?orique preÌ?dominant, soit permettre de changer ce modeÌ?le en ouvrant des perspectives diffeÌ?rentes.
+De plus, cette manieÌ?re d'agir, et DeMeo ne semble pas s'en rendre compte, a pour effet qu'aucune des theÌ?ories ameneÌ?es pour soutenir l'ideÌ?e d'une eÌ?nergie " universelle " ne soutiennent en aucun cas la theÌ?orie de l'orgone ; tout au plus, elle forme un tas de theÌ?ories disparates.
+En agissant ainsi, DeMeo eÌ?tabli un credo (la parole de Reich) qui ne peut eÌ?tre confronteÌ? aÌ? d'autres modeÌ?les existant.
+Une attitude qui est plus proche du mysticisme religieux que de la science.
+Enfin, dans son texte, DeMeo affirme des choses parfaitement fausses.
+Je ne prends que deux exemples que je connais bien, mais je suis persuadeÌ? que des habitueÌ?s (pas meÌ?me des speÌ?cialistes, tellement les connaissances de DeMeo semblent superficielles) d'autres domaines trouverait des errements similaires (Mondreiter pour la meÌ?teÌ?o, par exemple).
+Exemples de manque de connaissances de DeMeo : On jugera de la seÌ?veÌ?riteÌ? du " coup " porteÌ? aux theÌ?ories des " champs bioeÌ?lectriques " et de la " reÌ?gulation cellulaire par l'ADN " en consultant - un exemple parmi des milliers d'autres - l'article de Reckling, Funk, Douglas, Bayliss, Dong et Feldman, publieÌ? dans Physiological Review, avril 2000, volume 80, pages 767-852.
+Cet article de revue de litteÌ?rature (reÌ?cent, et non des anneÌ?es trente-quarante), essentiellement baseÌ? sur les eÌ?tudes de la physiologie des neurones moteurs (cellules nerveuses responsables de l'innervation musculaire), cite 1435 reÌ?feÌ?rences, dont plus de 500 concernent des travaux sur les canaux ioniques responsables du bon fonctionnement de ces cellules (et aÌ? la base de la " theÌ?orie des champs bioeÌ?lectriques ") et quelques centaines font intervenir des notions de geÌ?neÌ?tique.
+De l'orgone ?Â? rien ! Des travaux de Becker ?Â? Rien ! Rien non plus dans Glover (meÌ?me volume, pages 615-647), article de revue concerneÌ? par le deÌ?veloppement des motoneurones et de leur innervation (principalement des meÌ?canismes moleÌ?culaires, deÌ?pendants de l'expression geÌ?nique), et qui se penche sur les manipulations des membres (transplantations, eÌ?liminations, etc.). Bref, absolument rien qui supporte une pareille affirmation.
+Au contraire, on peut montrer que quand ont peut mesurer des champs eÌ?nergeÌ?tiques (eÌ?lectriques, geÌ?neÌ?ralement), ils sont sous-tendus par l'activiteÌ? physiologique (principalement biochimique) des tissus.
+Ces champs sont donc le " byproduct " de l'activiteÌ? et non le " primary determinant ". De plus, bien que travaillant avec des gens inteÌ?resseÌ? par la reÌ?geÌ?neÌ?ration nerveuse et musculo-squelettique, je n'ai jamais entendu parler de la machine de Becker au potentiel tellement prometteur (elle promettait de faire repousser les membres perdus aux humains)Â? Seulement, que voulez-vous, la soi-disant " science officielle " eÌ?tait contre lui.
+DeMeo ne donnant aucune reÌ?feÌ?rence ou argumentaire particulier de ses dires, et RO Becker eÌ?tant parfaitement absent de PubMed, il est plus sain de croire (jusqu'aÌ? preuve du contraire) que Becker n'a jamais obtenu de reÌ?sultats valables.
+Notez aussi ce qui reÌ?sume bien la penseÌ?e pseudo-scientifique (par son coÌ?teÌ? absolument indeÌ?montrable) derrieÌ?re ce texte : " Â? a meaningless "byproduct"Â? ". Pour DeMeo, il faut que les pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes biologiques aient une raison d'eÌ?tre, ideÌ?alement spirituelle et holisteÂ? que les choses existent comme ça, sans raison ou but particuliers, est impossible.
+Paragraphe sur Benveniste : " Jacques Benveniste, actually demonstrated such an energy principle at work in homeopathic dilutions " D'une part, on sait tous ce qui advint du fameux principe de la meÌ?moire de l'eau, toujours non prouveÌ? aÌ? l'heure actuelle.
+Avec Benveniste qui a en plus deÌ?railleÌ? meÌ?chamment, cela diminue d'autant l'inteÌ?reÌ?t reÌ?trosceptif de la reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? ce chercheur dont la creÌ?dibiliteÌ? en a pris sacreÌ? un coup.
+DeMeo aurait du attendre que la situation soit eÌ?claircie avant de l'inteÌ?grer dans sa liste (texte eÌ?crit en 1989).
+D'autre part, je ne vois pas le rapport entre le travail de Benveniste et l'orgone, et DeMeo n'est pas plus clair laÌ?-dessus.
+Tout ce paragraphe semble eÌ?tre laÌ? uniquement pour renforcir l'ideÌ?e de la perseÌ?cution des martyrs (homeÌ?opathes, orgonomistes, etc.)
+par la science " officielle ". Cette dernieÌ?re remarque est vraie pour le paragraphe sur Kervran.
+Ces chapitres de DeMeo proposent une vision extreÌ?mement partisane de l'orgone : aucune argumentation factuelle n'est veÌ?ritablement eÌ?tablie ; aucune syntheÌ?se des eÌ?leÌ?ments disparates n'est tenteÌ?e ; les " preuves " de l'existence de l'orgone sont soit floues, soit fausses, soit reposent sur des techniques posteÌ?rieures aÌ? l'eÌ?tablissement de la theÌ?orie, dont on peut douter tant que la theÌ?orie n'a pas eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?montreÌ?e ; aucune critique n'est abordeÌ?e dans une vision constructive baseÌ?e sur des faits, mais dans une vision baseÌ?e sur la(es) theÌ?orie(s) et " parcellisant " les faits, afin d'eÌ?viter la confrontation avec des theÌ?ories mieux eÌ?tablies ; la technique principale d'argumentation est le recourt aÌ? la pitieÌ? (l'eÌ?crasement par une soi-disant " science officielle ", ni deÌ?finie ni deÌ?montreÌ?e) ; il y a une ignorance totale des progreÌ?s de la science des soixante dernieÌ?res anneÌ?es.
+Et vous trouvez ça plausible ? Pas moi.
+Vous eÌ?tes un travailleur!
+Moi aussi, dit-on.
+Je ne crois pas quÂ?il y ait vraiment probleÌ?me de langage sous forme de langues diffeÌ?rentes, mais seulement sous neÌ?cessiteÌ? de preÌ?ciser lÂ?emploi des mots.
+LÂ?espoir que vous essayez de preÌ?ciser, pour marquer lÂ?eÌ?cart avec lÂ?EspeÌ?rance chreÌ?tienne, et celui du patient gueÌ?ri par le chaman , gueÌ?rison du corps ou de lÂ?esprit ; mais alors si vous comparez avec notre civilisation, la comparaison ne sÂ?adresse plus au chreÌ?tien, mais respectivement au meÌ?decin et au psychiatre, qui eux aussi sont porteurs de lÂ?espoir de gueÌ?rir ici et maintenant , qui eux aussi , dans dÂ?assez nombreux cas , ne font pas que promettre mais font ; reste aÌ? consideÌ?rer un moderne qui soit aÌ? la fois preÌ?tre et meÌ?decin, ou preÌ?tre et psychiatre, et nous y voilaÌ? en plein pied.
+Mais les deux deÌ?marches en fait coexistent depuis treÌ?s longtemps : dans la MeÌ?sopotamie treÌ?s ancienne, on a pu reconstituer avec les fameuses tablettes les existences paralleÌ?les de deux types de theÌ?rapie : lÂ?un de type magico-religieux, lÂ?autre du type empirique que nous pouvons qualifier de deÌ?marche plutoÌ?t dÂ?esprit scientifique, en tout cas profane.
+De meÌ?me, toutes ces religions monotheÌ?istes dont vous parlez ont eu, ont encore et il y a grande floraison depuis quelques temps ( les religions de gueÌ?rison peuvent occuper un sociologue aÌ? plein temps, cÂ?est dire Â?et beaucoup sont chreÌ?tiennes), tout aussi bien leurs gueÌ?risseurs, avec cette meÌ?me fonction de gueÌ?rison du chaman que vous invoquez . Il y a des prieÌ?res et des rites pour obtenir la pluie ( tout comme donc la danse de la pluie archaiÌ?que), pour gueÌ?rir des maladies, pour gueÌ?rir le troupeau, etc.
+Vous tombez laÌ? sur un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne dont le pouvoir de caracteÌ?risation est inversement proportionnel au degreÌ? dÂ?universaliteÌ? : or celle-ci est lÂ?une des plus grandes qui soit, surtout si vous parlez fonctionnaliteÌ?. Vous pouvez meÌ?me prendre ustensile par ustensile : on les retrouvera en grande dispersion, depuis le simple objet ou la simple formule jusquÂ?aÌ? la transe en passant par toutes les complexiteÌ?s rituelles.
+Mais il y a une confusion plus fondamentale, et qui ne vient pas non plus dÂ?une diffeÌ?rence de langage : on peut pas confondre lÂ?espoir de gueÌ?rir dÂ?une maladie, dÂ?eÌ?viter une catastrophe, etc., bref le souci des accidents qui ponctuent la condition la humaine en appelant une solution tout aussi ponctuelle qui nÂ?enleÌ?ve rien aux possibiliteÌ?s de retomber plus tard dans les meÌ?mes ennuis, et lÂ?espoir qui vise aÌ? sortir de cette condition humaine.
+Ce nÂ?est pas sur le meÌ?me plan.
+DÂ?un coÌ?teÌ? il y a des reÌ?parations successives, de lÂ?autre il y a une nature qui ne peut plus tomber en panne.
+Quant aÌ? lÂ?espoir orienteÌ? vers une vie terrestre et non dans un apreÌ?s la mort, cette fois ce nÂ?est pas sur le christianisme quÂ?il fallait me reÌ?pondre, mais sur le judaiÌ?sme : lÂ?histoire de la notion de Terre Promise, cÂ?est bel et bien un enracinement terrestre, et la coupure chreÌ?tienne la plus connue cÂ?est le « Mon Royaume nÂ?est pas de ce monde.
+». Pour le Juif, la beÌ?neÌ?diction divine se manifeste par une prospeÌ?riteÌ? terrestre.
+Ce nÂ?est pas absolument eÌ?tranger au christianisme, et lÂ?aspect le plus tardif en sera sans doute le suivant, sous forme de deÌ?monstration a contrario pourrait-on dire, dans un esprit Livre de Job : il sera commun de consideÌ?rer que le malheur est meÌ?riteÌ? Â? Par conseÌ?quent feÌ?liciteÌ? terrestre et feÌ?liciteÌ? ceÌ?leste ne sont pas systeÌ?matiquement seÌ?pareÌ?es dans le judeÌ?o christianisme, pas du tout dans le judaiÌ?sme.
+Encore une fois, on pourra trouver des exemples de valleÌ?e de larmes , et meÌ?me de larmes positiveÌ?es, rechercheÌ?es (le dolorisme Â?) : mais un exemple preÌ?ciseÌ?ment suffit aÌ? deÌ?truire une geÌ?neÌ?raliteÌ? (contre-exemple dans ce cas) , mais ne suffit pas aÌ? en eÌ?tablir une.
+(LaÌ? encore, Eliade a passablement failli sur ce principe, ai-je cru pouvoir montrer.)
+Avec cette occasion, une preÌ?cision : pour votre exposeÌ?, vous aviez uni judaiÌ?sme, islam, et christianisme, dans le : « religions monotheÌ?istes historicistes ». DeÌ?s lors, tout argument que vous avancez doit eÌ?tre compatible avec lÂ?ensemble, et non pas une fois avec lÂ?un, une autre fois avec lÂ?autre : sinon, il faut revoir les eÌ?nonceÌ?s initiaux, et renoncer aÌ? traiter lÂ?ensemble dÂ?un bloc, mais du coup, vos conclusions ne sÂ?appliqueront plus aÌ? lÂ?ensemble preÌ?alablement deÌ?fini, mais seulement aÌ? tel et/ou tel des eÌ?leÌ?ments constituants.
+A mon avis, cÂ?est ce genre de « glissements eÌ?pisteÌ?mologiques » (pour ceÌ?der aÌ? ma formule-manie) qui introduit la confusion, et non le vocabulaire.
+Ici encore ( mais en fait je lÂ?avais deÌ?jaÌ? dit je crois, avec les bijections ignorant surjections et injections Â?) , pour ma part jÂ?y reconnais un proceÌ?deÌ? amplement pratiqueÌ? par Eliade lui-meÌ?me.
+Pour le Grand Temps, laÌ? vous eÌ?tes peut-eÌ?tre injuste avec Eliade, qui du reste nÂ?est pas le creÌ?ateur de lÂ?expression, et qui reprend lÂ?ideÌ?e avec la souplesse que vous eÌ?voquez.
+NeÌ?anmoins, laÌ? aussi il est difficile de sÂ?en tenir aÌ? une notion unique.
+Beaucoup de mythes primitifs sont eÌ?tiologiques, aussi bien que la chute dans la Bible et dans le meÌ?me but : on explique historiquement la naissance des miseÌ?res de la condition humaine ( voir par exemple LeÌ?vi-Strauss, Â?il de Lynx je croisÂ?) Je prends maintenant un exemple court et preÌ?cis, une citation compleÌ?te de votre reÌ?ponse : « Second point : « CÂ?est un espoir dÂ?angoisse, par neÌ?gation de la catastrophe » [laÌ? vous me citez, et allez dire non]. LaÌ? encore, non, car il a espoir dÂ?agir.
+Si catastrophe il doit y avoir, on tente dÂ?en combattre la survenue, on ne reste pas aÌ? battre sa coulpe devant lÂ?ineÌ?luctabiliteÌ? de notre condition dÂ?eÌ?tres soi-disant marqueÌ?s par un imaginaire peÌ?cheÌ? originel.
+» Il y a laÌ? un parfum de critique nietzscheÌ?enne auquel la freÌ?quentation de lÂ?eÌ?liadisme mÂ?a habitueÌ?. Mais laissons dÂ?abord de coÌ?teÌ? la composante comparatiste.
+LÂ?espoir dÂ?angoisse nÂ?a jamais eÌ?teÌ? incompatible avec lÂ?action, vais-je citer cette expression commune : « une action deÌ?sespeÌ?reÌ?e », ou : « une tentative deÌ?sespeÌ?reÌ?e » ? Ce cas limite pour tout de suite dire que le « car » suivant est injustifieÌ? : « un espoir dÂ?angoisse Â? non, car il a espoir dÂ?agir » Je vais poursuivre : en fait il convenait mieux de dire : « un espoir dÂ?angoisse Â? oui, car il a espoir dÂ?agir » En effet, sÂ?il nÂ?y avait pas espoir dÂ?agir, et meÌ?me plus quÂ?un espoir dÂ?agir : une action, il nÂ?y aurait pas espoir dÂ?angoisse mais angoisse tout court , lÂ?angoisse sans espoir, eÌ?ventuellement le pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne connu de lÂ?angoisse paralysante : plus dÂ?action.
+Je reviens donc sur ma remarque geÌ?neÌ?rale donneÌ?e ici et preÌ?ceÌ?demment sur la confusion : dans lÂ?expression espoir dÂ?angoisse vous ne retenez que angoisse.
+Je vais encore poursuivre : on peut eÌ?tre relativement bien, et espeÌ?rez plus : cÂ?est un espoir, et du type bien surajouteÌ? aÌ? la condition ordinaire, que jÂ?eÌ?voquais.
+Mais vous nous placiez, et vous restez, dans une situation dÂ?eÌ?vitement de catastrophes (usure du monde, maladie de lÂ?individu, etc.). Il ne paraiÌ?t pas deÌ?raisonnable de consideÌ?rer que lÂ?approche ou la preÌ?sence dÂ?un catastrophe se range du coÌ?teÌ? des facteurs dÂ?angoisse : dÂ?ouÌ? lÂ?expression espoir dÂ?angoisse, pour diffeÌ?rencier du cas preÌ?ceÌ?dent.
+Je me reÌ?peÌ?te : 1) catastrophe, en cours ou preÌ?visible = angoisse ; 2) moyen dÂ?action pour gueÌ?rir ou preÌ?venir = espoir 3) 1)+2) = espoir du type que nous dirons : espoir dÂ?angoisse.
+(La forme eÌ?tant aÌ? mettre dans sa phrase, sinon elle fait bizarre ,et on se demandera : pourquoi pas espoir angoisseÌ? ou angoisse espeÌ?rante, etc.)
+Vous avez tout aÌ? fait raison de dire que Paradis chreÌ?tien et Nirvana ce nÂ?est pas la meÌ?me chose.
+Bien suÌ?r, jamais je ne preÌ?tendrai le contraire.
+Si je les ai accoleÌ?s, cÂ?est parce que parlais dÂ?un ensemble des solutions religieuses pour la condition humaine totale et radicalement, et que tous deux appartiennent aÌ? cet ensemble.
+Donc, dans mon utilisation, peu importaient leurs diffeÌ?rences, nÂ?eÌ?tait requise que cette fonction commune : une libeÌ?ration de la condition humaine ordinaire.
+Ordinaire voulant dire ici : de ceux qui ne sont ni au paradis, ni au nirvana, ni en autre lieu de meÌ?me fonction.
+« Pour faire taire cette voix, il faut deÌ?truire dans le monde tout ce qui tend aÌ? lui donner raison.
+» Je ne sais plus si je lÂ?ai preÌ?ciseÌ?, et si je ne lÂ?ai pas fait jÂ?ai donc eu tord : il est eÌ?vident que je deÌ?signais ainsi une voie possible, et aÌ? mon avis une voie existante.
+Il est tout aÌ? fait clair que le doute dont je parlais nÂ?entraiÌ?ne pas systeÌ?matiquement ce processus, fort heureusement : du reste, lÂ?espeÌ?ce humaine serait sans soute deÌ?jaÌ? eÌ?teinte si elle avait eÌ?teÌ? astreinte aÌ? une telle loi universelle ( et moi je suggeÌ?rais le doute aÌ? la naissance de lÂ?homme Â? vous voyez.). Il est clair que de meÌ?mes eÌ?veÌ?nements nÂ?ont pas les meÌ?mes conseÌ?quences psychologiques dans tous les cerveaux.
+Vous eÌ?voquez « la nuit noire », peut-eÌ?tre pensiez vous aÌ? saint Jean de la Croix (« La nuit obscure ») ? Mais vous dites vous-meÌ?mes ensuite que cette voie a existeÌ? (vous lÂ?aurez compris, je reÌ?ponds en temps reÌ?el, sur premieÌ?re lecture et en continu).
+Mais vous dites : triomphe de la beÌ?tise, de lÂ?immaturiteÌ?, de la bestialiteÌ? Â? Je devrais eÌ?tre dÂ?accord avec vous, mais lÂ?accord nÂ?eÌ?tant mon instinct preÌ?pondeÌ?rant jÂ?eÌ?mettrai une reÌ?serve : attention aÌ? lÂ?explication de lÂ?horreur par la beÌ?tise.
+Et en lÂ?occurrence, pour ce pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne, sÂ?il est vrai que lÂ?on peut observer des primaires aÌ? lÂ?action, on peut aussi y rencontrer des constructions estheÌ?tiques de treÌ?s haut niveau, haut niveau bien suÌ?r dans le genre estheÌ?tique, niveau qui ferait lÂ?admiration, peut-eÌ?tre la noÌ?tre, si le fond nÂ?eÌ?tait pas apparent (et il ne lÂ?est pas toujours : par exemple pour moi il est eÌ?vident dans Eliade (reÌ?action je lÂ?ai dit instantaneÌ?e, au premier contact, donc discutable) , mais je suis bien certain que la grande majoriteÌ? des lecteurs ne viennent pas chercher cela dans Eliade Â?). Par exemple encore , je me suis employeÌ? aÌ? essayer de montrer que lÂ?on pouvait en trouver des racines chez Heidegger Â? or on ne le dit pas vraiment beÌ?te, immature, ou bestial Â? Plus geÌ?neÌ?ralement, la reÌ?duction de lÂ?horreur aÌ? ses manifestations les plus primaires est, je crois, une grande erreur ( une de plus aÌ? mettre sur le compte de la faciliteÌ? Â?) Je ne di
rai rien de ce que vous appelez votre longue digression, sauf ceci : je ne lÂ?ai pas trouveÌ?e trop longue, je vous convie aÌ? mÂ?en offrir dÂ?autres.
+Je ne vais suÌ?rement pas vous contredire dans vos remarques-accusations aÌ? partir de lÂ?eÌ?cart entre JeÌ?sus et lÂ?Eglise : dÂ?autant que sur le theÌ?me de la repentance, je travaille aÌ? un dossier (treÌ?s) critique.
+Pour le retour du satanisme, cÂ?est quelque chose de treÌ?s preÌ?cis : et suffisamment important pour eÌ?tre distingueÌ? dans la vague paganisante, dÂ?autant quÂ?il peut aussi nettement sÂ?en eÌ?carter : Satan , cÂ?est chreÌ?tien.
+Pour les cercles de meÌ?galithes, je ne sais pas, mais pour le cercle eÌ?liadien, je vais vous en raconter une bien bonne (jÂ?espeÌ?re vous faire rire), authentique.
+Des ethnologues retrouvent un site dÂ?habitation, primitif mais toujours occupeÌ?. Le Cercle est bien laÌ?, et de manieÌ?re spectaculaire : un cercle dÂ?arbres , aÌ? une certaine distance des habitations.
+Le cercle nÂ?a pas la perfection geÌ?omeÌ?trique, mais il est eÌ?vident.
+Une illustration de plus pour les theÌ?ories dÂ?Eliade.
+Mais les chercheurs sÂ?attardent, pour observer la population.
+Et viendra finalement lÂ?explication suivante : 1)Les autochtones avaient usage de sÂ?eÌ?loigner du lieu habiteÌ? pour satisfaire leurs besoins naturels . La distance dÂ?eÌ?loignement eÌ?tait quasi reÌ?gleÌ?e, mais pas la direction .2) Dans la nourriture , figurait un fruit dont les graines nÂ?eÌ?taient pas digeÌ?reÌ?es . DÂ?ouÌ? la ceinture dÂ?arbres Â? ( Il est clair que cet exemple ne veut pas disqualifier dÂ?un trait les consideÌ?rations eÌ?liadiennes sur le Cercle.)
+Pour la magie, apparemment pas de probleÌ?me.
+Pour lÂ?exercice dÂ?exeÌ?geÌ?se, je ne peux que reprendre ma suggestion : vous prenez un eÌ?leÌ?ment dÂ?Exode, vous lÂ?unissez aÌ? des anatheÌ?mes qui se trouvent ailleurs sauf que vous y assimilez la coleÌ?re de MoiÌ?se envers ceux qui nÂ?adorent pas que le seul AdonaiÌ? : pour moi, je ne peux pas beaucoup en discuter parce que cÂ?est trop de choses que je ne vois pas assez clairement relieÌ?es.
+( Un exemple : il ne sÂ?agit pas aÌ? la phase MoiÌ?se dÂ?un monotheÌ?isme, lÂ?existence des autres dieux nÂ?est pas nieÌ?e (cÂ?est clair puisque veau dÂ?or) : il sÂ?agit de faire alliance avec un seul . Encore une fois, dans lÂ?eÌ?tat actuel des eÌ?tudes et aÌ? ma connaissance, il nÂ?y a gueÌ?re de monotheÌ?iÌ?sme juif attesteÌ? avant lÂ?Exil) . LÂ?astuce pour faire passer la magie en force , je dois dire, a tout, dans lÂ?eÌ?tat actuel de votre preÌ?sentation, dÂ?une lecture personnelle ad hoc.
+Je ne connais rien, ni dans le texte, ni dans lÂ?histoire du texte, qui vienne la suggeÌ?rer.
+Je crois que vous choisissez de prendre la Bible comme un tout, comme si elle avait eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?crite par un auteur en un trait et sur plan preÌ?eÌ?tabli ( ce en quoi, la chose peut eÌ?tre amusante, les plus fondamentalistes vous rejoignent) . La seule chose qui historiquement pourrait se rapprocher, mais en restant bien loin, de telles consideÌ?rations, ( pas une reÌ?daction mais un tri), cÂ?est la fixation du canon au concile juif de Jamnia.
+Pour la nouveauteÌ?, laÌ? aÌ? mon avis ça ne va du tout : jÂ?avais dit que ce qui eÌ?tait nouveau cÂ?eÌ?tait le choix, et en particulier le choix de retourner aÌ? quelque chose qui avait presque disparu (surtout dans sa forme totale) : vous me reÌ?pondez par un nouveau libraire venant sÂ?installer devant lÂ?ancien , mais je ne comprends pas la comparaison, je ne vois pas bien le rapport : si je sais que les libraires existent, ce nÂ?est pas un libraire suppleÌ?mentaire qui va mÂ?apprendre lÂ?existence des libraires comme une nouveauteÌ? : oui mais, et alors ? LÂ?autre argument est le suivant : jÂ?ai tord de dire que ce qui est nouveau cÂ?est la possibiliteÌ? de choix, parce que vous, par exemple, vous avez le choix entre plusieurs conceptions religieuses et que cÂ?est vous qui choisissez, par volonteÌ? propre : oui mais, si on enleÌ?ve le fait, treÌ?s juste bien suÌ?r, que vous avez liberteÌ? individuelle de choix, reste tout simplement cette eÌ?vidence premieÌ?re que si v
ous pouvez faire un choix Â? influenceÌ? ou non peu importe -- cÂ?est quÂ?il y a matieÌ?re aÌ? choisir : or voici bien les deux composantes chronologiques, successives, de ma suggestion : 1) une situation sans choix 2) une situation avec choix possible.
+Je discutais en me basant sur la diffeÌ?rence entre ces deux situations et vous me reÌ?pondez par des consideÌ?rations sur, uniquement, la seconde.
+CÂ?est pour cela que jÂ?ai dit : aÌ? mon avis, ça ne va pas du tout.
+Chute dans la mateÌ?rialiteÌ? chute dans lÂ?histoire : laÌ? je dois dire que cÂ?est une forte conviction de ma part, vous vous trompez, ce nÂ?est pas du tout systeÌ?matiquement la meÌ?me chose mais de plus, et cÂ?est ce qui nous occupe en premier : ce ne lÂ?est pas du tout pour Mircea Eliade.
+Mircea Eliade aÌ? ma connaissance nÂ?a jamais consideÌ?reÌ? que pour homo religiosus il y avait chute de quelquÂ?aÌ?me originelle dans la matieÌ?re.
+Il y a des eÌ?chos platoniciens dans Eliade ( lÂ?anamneÌ?se par exemple, revue et corrigeÌ?e) , mais suÌ?rement pas la source gnostique dont je vous parlais, et qui est le drapeau de cette chute des aÌ?mes dans la matieÌ?re.
+Vous dites : chute dans la mateÌ?rialiteÌ? chute dans lÂ?histoire, identiteÌ? des concepts.
+Mais vous avez bien exposeÌ? que le peuple archaiÌ?que nÂ?eÌ?tait pas tombeÌ? dans lÂ?histoire, or vous ne nierez pas je pense que ce peuple vivait bien dans notre monde mateÌ?riel, et incarneÌ? comme nous : il est dans la matieÌ?re, et alors, il nÂ?est pas meÌ?me neÌ?cessaire pour ce point preÌ?cis de discuter si oui ou non ils ont une ideÌ?e de chute dans la matieÌ?re : pour le moins vous devriez reconnaiÌ?tre aÌ? mon avis que lÂ?immersion dans la matieÌ?re ne coiÌ?ncide pas forceÌ?ment avec une chute dans lÂ?histoire.
+Pour Paradis et Jardin dÂ?Eden, encore une fois il est certain quÂ?au long des milleÌ?naires les repreÌ?sentations ont changeÌ? . Il est certain aussi que face aÌ? des conceptions moyennes dominantes on peut toujours trouver telle ou telle variante, le tout encore et toujours est de savoir de quel repeÌ?re on parle : panoramique ou local, etc.
+Mais pensez seulement aÌ? cette notion bien chreÌ?tienne : le rachat.
+Il ne sÂ?agit pas sur le fond, au plus traditionnel, au long de lÂ?histoire de la theÌ?ologie, dÂ?acceÌ?der aÌ? une qualiteÌ? nouvelle, mais bien de retrouver une condition initiale : cÂ?est clair me semble-t-il, il faut racheter ce qui a eÌ?teÌ? perdu ; il y a eu chute, il sÂ?agit de remonter ; etc.
+Du reste, petite question dÂ?eÌ?cole en theÌ?ologie chreÌ?tienne : si aÌ? la creÌ?ation la condition eÌ?tait de perfection, si au terme eschatologique la condition nÂ?est pas celle-laÌ? .. etc.
+( En la circonstance bien suÌ?r, ce que vous et moi pensons importe peu, cÂ?est la logique theÌ?ologique traditionnelle quÂ?il sÂ?agit de faire jouer ; aÌ? ce propos, meÌ?me chose quand nous discutons dÂ?une conception dÂ?Eliade Â?) Pour lÂ?Egyptien qui avait le droit de mentir, cÂ?est preÌ?ciseÌ?ment la phase que je vous indiquais comme preÌ?ceÌ?dente, celle ou la reÌ?citation correcte suffit, et je preÌ?cisais bien quÂ?ensuite vint lÂ?ideÌ?e, ou le sentiment comme on voudra, quÂ?il fallait que la veÌ?riteÌ? sÂ?y accorde, plus preÌ?ciseÌ?ment les dispositions de cÂ?ur prennent de plus en plus dÂ?importance, mais pas seulement dans le cadre du jugement dernier, dans le comportement quotidien : cÂ?est treÌ?s preÌ?ciseÌ?ment cette eÌ?volution que je voulais souligner.
+Mais prenons plutoÌ?t votre appreÌ?ciation de ce droit de truander les dieux : vous avez raison, mais cÂ?est une donneÌ?e treÌ?s courante, preÌ?ciseÌ?ment, dans les religions archaiÌ?ques : un dieu peut eÌ?tre trompeÌ? comme un humain, les dieux ne se privent pas non plus de se tromper entre eux, et les humains ne sÂ?en privent pas sÂ?ils se croient suffisamment habiles.
+Occasion pour suggeÌ?rer quÂ?aÌ? mon avis une tendance deÌ?plorable est le transport de nos cateÌ?gories romantiques sur lÂ?archaiÌ?que Â? ajoutons un zest de rousseauisme et le tour est complet ( Mircea Eliade a utiliseÌ? cette tendance dÂ?une large part de son public, mais je crois quÂ?il ne la partageait pas).
+Pour le reÌ?gime meÌ?canique, il suffirait de penser deÌ?jaÌ? aux notions connexes de reÌ?peÌ?tition et dÂ?imitation.
+LaÌ?, il suffit que je laisse vous parler Eliade lui-meÌ?me.
+CÂ?est dÂ?ailleurs un corollaire immeÌ?diat de lÂ?absolu refus dÂ?innovation ( innovation = histoire).
+Mais je ne comprends pas ce vous deÌ?signez par le « plus arbitraire qui a suivi ». Je nÂ?ai pas voulu dire que des relations ne peuvent pas eÌ?tre bijectives, jÂ?ai seulement voulu dire quÂ?il ne fallait pas traiter toute relation comme si elle eÌ?tait bijective : pour le faire, il faut veÌ?rifier cas par cas.
+Mais cÂ?eÌ?tait une meÌ?taphore matheÌ?matique, avec la limite des meÌ?taphores.
+Je peux le dire autrement : ne pas confondre une implication simple avec une implication reÌ?ciproque, et cÂ?est courant aÌ? mon avis chez Eliade.
+Ainsi, tel geste eÌ?tant religieux ici, ne pas conclure systeÌ?matiquement au religieux partout ouÌ? lÂ?on verra le geste.
+LÂ?un des plantages qui me revient en meÌ?moire est celui de la danse : avec de telles erreurs logiques, Eliade deÌ?montre que la danse est universellement dÂ?origine religieuse ( comme tout, pour lui.)
+. Pour quÂ?il nÂ?y ait pas plantage, il faut consideÌ?rer chez Eliade une conception quasi non-eÌ?crite du religieux, et diffeÌ?rente de celle de son lecteur ordinaire, du non initieÌ? ( le message dans le message, que jÂ?eÌ?voquais), mais je lÂ?ai dit, je ne peux mÂ?exprimer ici aÌ? ce niveau de mon essai pour lÂ?instant.
+Sur lÂ?anteÌ?ceÌ?dence entre mythe et rite, vous choisissezr un troisieÌ?me terme, mais en fait vous concluez sur lÂ?un dÂ?eux : on eÌ?voque une histoire , puis on rejoue cette premieÌ?re histoire, puisÂ?. Mais pour eÌ?voquer une histoire, il faut que cette histoire existe, et donc finalement, sans le vouloir ?, vous posez le mythe en premieÌ?re position.
+CÂ?est la version officielle dÂ?Eliade, mais je lÂ?ai deÌ?jaÌ? suggeÌ?reÌ?, peut-eÌ?tre pas sa conviction.
+LÂ?impression dÂ?avoir aÌ? peine effleureÌ? le sujet.
+TreÌ?s sinceÌ?rement, aÌ? mon avis ce sentiment vous honore, en fait, il est vrai, il mÂ?est dÂ?abord sympathique: on rencontre tant de gens qui ont le sentiment dÂ?avoir fait le tour de la question.
+OK donc pour cette reÌ?aliteÌ? subjective, mais objectivement, vu de lÂ?exteÌ?rieur, vous avez fait bien plus quÂ?effleurer.
+Les points essentiels en reÌ?aliteÌ? sont perçus, et pas seulement dans votre discours discursif : vous eÌ?tes comme impreÌ?gneÌ? mÂ?a-t-il sembleÌ? du cÂ?ur du sujet, pour ma part il me semble percevoir des informations qui ne font pas objet de deÌ?clarations mais sÂ?expriment comme par empathie avec Eliade, en tout cas « votre » Eliade.
+Certes, de mon point de vue , subjectif aÌ? mon tour donc, cela ne va pas sans inconveÌ?nient, mais vous le savez deÌ?jaÌ?. Voici ce que jÂ?ai envie de vous suggeÌ?rer, au moment de conclure cette contribution aÌ? notre question : si dÂ?aventure vous pouviez repeÌ?rer, dans lÂ?ensemble de vos deÌ?monstrations ou meÌ?me seulement argumentations, un cas ouÌ? il vous serait manifeste que vous avez deÌ?rapeÌ?, non pas par quelque deÌ?faut classique comme nous en commettons tous reÌ?gulieÌ?rement et que nous corrigeons tout aussi reÌ?gulieÌ?rement, mais par un processus qui vous surprenne, essayez de chercher dÂ?ouÌ? vient ce deÌ?rapage en termes de preÌ?supposeÌ?s, de preÌ?convictions, aÌ? propos de lÂ?univers eÌ?liadien mais surtout aÌ? partir de ce quÂ?il repreÌ?sente pour vous, « queÌ?teur de sens » me semble-t-il . Amicalement, et au plaisr de vous lire.
+========= Re-salut, Oui mais assemblage de quoi ? Lorsque Paul Mc Cartney a composeÌ? « yesterday », Â?uvre absolument originale et inexistante auparavant, il a commenceÌ? vraisemblablement par le couplet et a ensuite creÌ?eÌ? le pont, et les a assembleÌ?s.
+Ca ne demeure pas moins un assemblage de creÌ?ations originales.
+Je ne parle pas de lÂ?assemblage de diffeÌ?rentes partie dÂ?une oeuvre, mais du meÌ?lange des influences qui ont meneÌ? aÌ? la creÌ?ation de lÂ?ensemble de lÂ?oeuvre.
+Plus nombreuses sont les influences, moins elles sont reconnaissables, et lÂ?oeuvre donnera dÂ?autant plus lÂ?impression dÂ?eÌ?tre nouvelle et originale.
+CÂ?est ce que je voulais exprimer par les exemples de mon message preÌ?ceÌ?dent.
+Stravinsky aussi, avec le sacre du printemps, a fait une oeuvre qui semblait absolument originale.
+Et pourtant elle est essentiellement due aÌ? un meÌ?lange dÂ?influences mal reconnaissables car pas toujours tireÌ?es du monde musical : sans la mode primitiviste des peintres des anneÌ?es 1910, sans lÂ?influence des theories artistiques de lÂ?eÌ?poque, cette oeuvre nÂ?aurait probablement jamais vu le jour.
+Elle est aÌ? mettre en paralleÌ?le avec les demoiselles dÂ?Avignon de Picasso : il sÂ?agit de la meÌ?me volonteÌ? de renouveler ou rajeunir lÂ?art en introduisant, entre autre, des rythmes inspireÌ?s de la musique des primitifs.
+Si vous eÌ?tes artiste vous devez parfaitement eÌ?tre conscient de la difficulteÌ? de creÌ?er sans tomber dans un clicheÌ? existant.
+Oui, mais je ne vois pas quel rapport ça a avec le fait dÂ?eÌ?tre spontaneÌ? ou reÌ?fleÌ?chi dans la creÌ?ation.
+Si vous reÌ?fleÌ?chissez vous pouvez creÌ?er une Â?uvre reÌ?fleÌ?chie (dans le meilleur des cas), c.aÌ?.d.
+sans chaleur et « sans aÌ?me » comme le ferait un ordinateur (puisque lÂ?on sait quÂ?avec le programme approprieÌ? on peut eÌ?galement creÌ?er avec un ordinateur).
+Vous partez du principe que les musiques reÌ?aliseÌ?es par des ordinateurs aÌ? partir de seÌ?ries aleÌ?atoires ne sont pas de la vraie creÌ?ation.
+Je ne suis pas dÂ?accord, puisque au contraire ces musiques ne tombent jamais dans un clicheÌ? existant.
+On devrait donc les consideÌ?rer comme des creÌ?ation originales - et spontaneÌ?es, puisque un ordinateur ne reÌ?fleÌ?chit pas.
+Et cela sÂ?apparente de treÌ?s preÌ?s aÌ? ma conception de la creÌ?ation artistique : cÂ?est essentiellement des assemblages plus ou moins aleÌ?atoires, qui sont conscients dans le cas de la creÌ?ation reÌ?fleÌ?chie, et plutoÌ?t inconscients dans le cas dÂ?une inspiration spontaneÌ?e (cÂ?est aÌ? dire : de la cryptomneÌ?sie).
+DÂ?autre part je note que vous eÌ?tes prudent car vous dites : « souvent » quÂ?assemblage.
+Car personne ne peut dire exactement ce quÂ?il en est.
+LÂ?inspiration ne fait pas partie des reÌ?aliteÌ?s sur lesquelles peuvent avoir lieu des expeÌ?riences de nature scientifique, et tout ce que nous pourrons dire dessus ne sera que speÌ?culations hasardeuses.
+CÂ?est pourquoi dans mon message preÌ?ceÌ?dent je ne disais quÂ?apporter des arguments en faveur de mon hypotheÌ?se, contrairement aÌ? vous qui preÌ?tendez faire une deÌ?monstration.
+Ca me rappelle un message ouÌ? vous disiez que les sceptiques donnaient des leçons et croyaient tout savoir...
+pour inverser ainsi la situation vous avez duÌ? eÌ?tre victime dÂ?une grosse dissonance cognitive.
+La dissonance cognitive est ce qui survient souvent lorsque une croyance se reÌ?veÌ?le eÌ?tre en contradiction avec la reÌ?aliteÌ? : geÌ?neÌ?ralement le croyant preÌ?feÌ?re modifier sa perception de la reÌ?aliteÌ?, plutoÌ?t que dÂ?abandonner sa croyance.
+« De la creÌ?ation aÌ? lÂ?interpreÌ?tation en passant par le deÌ?veloppement vous pouvez passer par lÂ?analyse de tous les eÌ?chelons possibles en oubliant tout le temps le deÌ?part : La creÌ?ation Â? vous ne trouverez jamais car vous refusez le deÌ?part !». La creÌ?ation peut treÌ?s bien fonctionner par association inconscientes ou par cryptomneÌ?sie.
+Ce nÂ?est pas parce que le moment de la creÌ?ation surgit souvent dÂ?une inspiration soudaine, semblant sortie de nulle part, quÂ?elle sort justement de nulle part...
+Ce serait une vision treÌ?s simpliste.
+Exemple : dans le quark et le jaguar, au chapitre III, le physicien Murray Gell-Mann raconte comment, avec un groupe de scientifiques, de peintres et de poeÌ?tes, ils ont tenteÌ? de comprendre les meÌ?canismes de la creÌ?ativiteÌ? en comparant leurs expeÌ?riences personnelles.
+Elles eÌ?taient treÌ?s semblables, et leur observation commune fut que la creÌ?ativiteÌ? fonctionnait souvent en trois eÌ?tapes : 1- ReÌ?flexion sur un probleÌ?me, 2- Echec de la reÌ?flexion, on laisse tomber le probleÌ?me et on se consacre aÌ? dÂ?autres activiteÌ?s, 3- Quelques jours ou quelques mois plus tard, une ideÌ?e soudaine donne par hasard lÂ?inspiration qui permet de faire avancer le probleÌ?me ou de creÌ?er quelque chose de nouveau.
+De ce modeÌ?le, ils conclurent que la phase 2 est une peÌ?riode dÂ?incubation qui permet de se deÌ?tacher du probleÌ?me jusquÂ?aÌ? ce que quelque chose de nouveau permette de le faire avancer.
+Souvent ce quelque chose de nouveau arrive totalement par hasard et nÂ?a rien aÌ? voire avec le probleÌ?me : lapsus, analogie, eÌ?veÌ?nement de la vie quotidienne sans rapport avec le probleÌ?me, etc...
+Quant aÌ? la phase 3, ils conclurent quÂ?elle nÂ?eÌ?tait que le reÌ?sultat dÂ?un long processus en partie inconscient, et nÂ?avait rien dÂ?une creÌ?ation ex-nihilo.
+Plus tard ils se rendirent compte que ces reÌ?flexions sur la creÌ?ativiteÌ?, ses 3 phases et les processus inconscients, existaient avant eux, et eÌ?taient meÌ?me presque un lieu commun en psychologie...
+Certains psychologues proposaient dÂ?ailleurs, pour provoquer un moment de creÌ?ation, dÂ?appliquer au probleÌ?me que lÂ?on se pose le dernier substantif de la premieÌ?re page dÂ?un quotidien du jour.
+CÂ?est aussi cette technique, en usant du hasard dÂ?associations aleÌ?atoires, que pratiquent les creÌ?atifs des agences de publiciteÌ? lorsquÂ?ils font un brainstorming - consistant aÌ? eÌ?changer aÌ? plusieurs toutes sortes dÂ?ideÌ?es, un peu au hasard, jusquÂ?aÌ? ce que de leur meÌ?lange sorte quelque chose de nouveau.
+LÂ?expeÌ?rience a prouveÌ? que cÂ?eÌ?tait le meilleur moyen de faire du neuf.
+Bref, on voit bien laÌ? que lÂ?inspiration spontaneÌ?e se preÌ?sente avant tout comme un assemblage, inconscient ou non, de donneÌ?es issues de divers domaines, parfois sans rapport avec le domaine dans lequel on travaille.
+Vous avez compris que si Beethoven a mis 11 ou 12 ans pour composer la 5eÌ?me, ce nÂ?est pas tout ce travail qui est la creÌ?ation originale.
+Le petit trait initial est la creÌ?ation originale spontaneÌ?e; tout le reste cÂ?est du deÌ?veloppement creÌ?atif (que lÂ?on peut assimiler aussi aÌ? des ideÌ?es) qui exploite la creÌ?ation originale.
+Cependant sans lÂ?arrangement pour grand orchestre et sans interpreÌ?tation la creÌ?ation nÂ?aurait aucun sens.
+Cette remarque est importante pour la suite du raisonnement.
+Raisonnement circulaire.
+Vous parlez de la creÌ?ation originale comme si celle-ci eÌ?tait par deÌ?finition spontaneÌ?e et totalement nouvelle.
+Il faut le prouver.
+Il est constateÌ? dans le milieu artistique (et laÌ? au moins je sais de quoi je parle et je suis formel) quÂ?au moins on en sait au mieux on creÌ?e de façon originale (ça ne peut pas eÌ?tre plus logique !). Dans les beaux-arts cÂ?est totalement faux.
+Tous les plus grands artistes avaient une grande culture artistique.
+Et moi aussi je sais de quoi je parle et je suis formel.
+Les artistes qui nÂ?ont aucune connaissance de lÂ?histoire de lÂ?art (enfants, malades mentaux, paysans isoleÌ?s, etc...)
+font ce quÂ?on nomme de lÂ?art brut (external art pour les anglo-saxons, je ne sais pas quel terme est utiliseÌ? au quebec), art qui est : 1- ExtreÌ?mement contesteÌ?, car beaucoup dÂ?artistes et de theÌ?oriciens refusent meÌ?me de qualifier ces production dÂ?oeuvres dÂ?art, 2- Totalement deÌ?nueÌ?e dÂ?originaliteÌ?. La plupart des artistes bruts font des oeuvres qui se ressemblent beaucoup entre elles, qui sont immeÌ?diatement reconnaissables comme eÌ?tant de lÂ?art brut, et presque toutes ressemblent aÌ? des variations naiÌ?ves sur des dessins dÂ?enfant, avec plus ou moins de fioritures treÌ?s kitsch (souvent des collages de coquillages ou de pierres coloreÌ?es, etc..), et des motifs souvent assez semblables aÌ? ce quÂ?on peut trouver dans lÂ?art primitif (lui aussi contesteÌ? en tant quÂ?art).
+CÂ?est pour cette raison aussi quÂ?on dit quÂ?un enfant doueÌ? pour la peinture peut facilement creÌ?er un chef dÂ?Â?uvre.
+Son inspiration est loin de toutes connaissances culturelles.
+On le dit ? Qui le dit ? Moi je lÂ?ai jamais entendu.
+Un exemple tireÌ? de lÂ?histoire de lÂ?art et reconnu comme un chef-dÂ?oeuvre, svp...
+Vous nÂ?en trouverez pas, il nÂ?en existe pas, du moins pas dans les beaux-arts.
+MeÌ?me les oeuvres dÂ?enfance de picasso sont sans inteÌ?reÌ?t, se reÌ?duisant aÌ? un travail treÌ?s technique sans creÌ?ativiteÌ?. Il y a deux ou trois pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes contemporains - une enfant chinoise, une adolescente ameÌ?ricaine, jÂ?ai oublieÌ? leurs noms.
+Mais ces exemples sont assez reÌ?cents et il est trop toÌ?t pour savoir si leurs oeuvres - par ailleurs peu connues - marqueront lÂ?histoire de lÂ?art ou non.
+Personnellement jÂ?en doute beaucoup.
+LÂ?humaniteÌ? eÌ?volue graÌ?ce aux esprits creÌ?atifs.
+Vraisemblablement.
+Et alors ? Ces creÌ?ateurs surdoueÌ?s travaillent le plus souvent incognito et sont exploiteÌ?s justement par les calculateurs avides dÂ?argents et de pouvoir.
+Vous avez un exemple de creÌ?ateur surdoueÌ? qui soit resteÌ? incognito ? Il doit bien y en avoir, mais ils doivent eÌ?tre treÌ?s rares.
+Pourquoi faites-vous une reÌ?gle dÂ?un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne exceptionnel ? (Dissonance cognitive ?) Quant aux calculateurs avides dÂ?argent et de pouvoir qui exploiteraient ces geÌ?nies anonymes, cÂ?est une affirmation gratuite baseÌ?e sur une vision simpliste et manicheÌ?enne.
+Ceux-ci ne creÌ?ent pas de façon originale mais ont des ideÌ?es.
+Les ideÌ?es sont un sous produit des creÌ?ations originales, ce sont en fait les deÌ?veloppements.
+Ensuite ceux qui ne creÌ?ent pas et qui nÂ?ont pas dÂ?ideÌ?es sont les interpreÌ?tes des ideÌ?es c.aÌ?.d.
+les exeÌ?cuteurs, les travailleurs.
+On constate donc que tout est reÌ?gi par la creÌ?ation.
+Il est inteÌ?ressant de constater que le creÌ?ateur (je preÌ?cise encore le vrai, celui qui ne calcule pas) est par deÌ?finition ideÌ?aliste et nÂ?eÌ?prouve pas le besoin de sÂ?enrichir.
+Ils font avancer le monde, le monde se deÌ?veloppe, les gens vivent et travaillent.
+CÂ?est faux. Beaucoup de grands artistes eÌ?taient, sur le plan philosophique, totalement mateÌ?rialistes - notamment la plupart des cubistes, des dadaiÌ?stes, des surreÌ?alistes et des pop-artists.
+Et plusieurs aimaient beaucoup sÂ?enrichir, par exemple Andy Warhol qui dit : «CÂ?eÌ?tait lÂ?une de ces soireÌ?es ouÌ? je demandais aÌ? dix ou quinze personnes de me donner des ideÌ?es, jusquÂ?au moment ouÌ? une amie mÂ?a poseÌ? la bonne question : QuÂ?est-ce que tu preÌ?feÌ?res ? CÂ?est ainsi que je me suis mis aÌ? peindre de lÂ?argent.» Je pense donc quÂ?on ne peut pas affirmer que la creÌ?ation est jamais originale.
+Si lÂ?on suppose que cÂ?est le cas il faudra bien en remontant lÂ?arbre geÌ?neÌ?alogique des creÌ?ations que lÂ?on arrive toÌ?t ou tard aÌ? la creÌ?ation premieÌ?re.
+Alors la question sera : lÂ?univers a-t-il eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?fleÌ?chi ou non ? Il est eÌ?videmment impossible de concevoir que la creÌ?ation de lÂ?univers puisse eÌ?tre reÌ?fleÌ?chie.
+CÂ?est vous qui lÂ?affirmez.
+Moi ce qui me semble absurde, cÂ?est que lÂ?on puisse reÌ?fleÌ?chir sur la creÌ?ation de lÂ?univers.
+De toute façon, quÂ?elle soit spontaneÌ?e, reÌ?fleÌ?chie ou quÂ?elle nÂ?ait jamais eu lieu, ça ne change rien aÌ? notre deÌ?bat sur les creÌ?ations humaines, car ça nÂ?a aucun rapport.
+Quant aÌ? remonter lÂ?arbre geÌ?neÌ?alogique des creÌ?ations, si on se cantonne aux creÌ?ations humaines, on peut treÌ?s bien le faire sans rencontrer de probleÌ?mes.
+La nature fut la premieÌ?re inspiration, puis la volonteÌ? de repreÌ?sentation de la nature a eÌ?teÌ? assembleÌ?e avec dÂ?autres ideÌ?es, dÂ?autres influences - symbolisme religieux, science (invention de la perspective), eÌ?volution du mateÌ?riel offrant de nouvelle possibiliteÌ?s techniques, etc...
+On peut treÌ?s bien remonter jusquÂ?ouÌ? lÂ?on veut, en ne rencontrant que des assemblages.
+En extrapolant la triade creÌ?ation, deÌ?veloppement et interpreÌ?tation, on peut supposer que lÂ?univers est la creÌ?ation dÂ?une force quÂ?on appelle Dieu, la nature est le deÌ?veloppement de cette creÌ?ation, et il manque lÂ?interpreÌ?te de tout ça que nous pouvons supposer eÌ?tre lÂ?aÌ?me.
+Oui, on peut supposer ça.
+On peut aussi supposer que le peÌ?re noeÌ?l existe vraiment.
+Vous avez le droit de supposer tout ce que vous voulez, et vous ne manquez pas de le faire.
+Ce qui manque par contre, ce sont les arguments et les preuves.
+On en arrive donc aÌ? la meÌ?me constatation que la musique: sans lÂ?interpreÌ?te la creÌ?ation nÂ?a aucun sens (elle nÂ?aurait aucun sens pour un eÌ?ventuel Dieu creÌ?atif je preÌ?cise aÌ? lÂ?att.
+de J.F.). Pour reÌ?pondre aÌ? J.F.
+qui mÂ?a dit que les choses nÂ?ont pas besoin de sens pour exister je peux dire que je suis dÂ?accord, mais les choses seulement, pas notre conscience ou lÂ?aÌ?me.
+Pas dÂ?accord. Moi je ne vois de sens nulle part, ni dans la nature ni dans la socieÌ?teÌ? ni dans ma vie, mais je vis treÌ?s bien sans.
+Il est clair que la reÌ?flexion ne se deÌ?tache pas toujours de la creÌ?ation.
+Toute la difficulteÌ? est laÌ? : ouÌ? commence la reÌ?flexion et ouÌ? commence la creÌ?ation.
+Je pense quÂ?on peut parler de qualiteÌ? creÌ?atrice.
+DÂ?ouÌ? la geÌ?nialiteÌ? de certaines Â?uvres par rapport aÌ? dÂ?autres.
+La manieÌ?re dont le lien sÂ?effectue entre lÂ?inspiration et la reÌ?flexion est assez mysteÌ?rieux.
+Ce que jÂ?ai lu de meilleur qui stigmatise la complexiteÌ? de ces rapports est le docteur Faustus, de Thomas Mann, inspireÌ? par les theÌ?ories musicales de ShoÌ?nberg.
+On y voit un artiste essayant de concilier ses inspirations mystiques bourreÌ?es de reÌ?feÌ?rences eÌ?soteÌ?riques, avec une reÌ?flexion intense sur des theÌ?ories complexes qui forment lÂ?armature meÌ?me de sa musique.
+Mais laÌ? aussi, il sÂ?agit dÂ?un assemblage.
+On peut par exemple consideÌ?rer que le musicien qui arrange une Â?uvre pour un orchestre creÌ?e eÌ?galement, cependant il creÌ?e avec un eÌ?leÌ?ment deÌ?jaÌ? creÌ?eÌ?. GaeÌ?l doit savoir en tant quÂ?artiste que lÂ?arrangeur est calculateur, contrairement aÌ? celui qui a creÌ?eÌ? lÂ?ideÌ?e originale.
+Comme je lÂ?ai dit plus haut ce calculateur a des « ideÌ?es » et il exploite la creÌ?ation originale Je ne comprend pas grand chose aÌ? la musique, donc je nÂ?ai pas vraiment dÂ?ideÌ?es sur le roÌ?le de lÂ?arrangeur.
+Par contre dans les beaux-arts, il peut eÌ?tre consideÌ?reÌ? comme un creÌ?ateur aÌ? part entieÌ?re.
+Certaines oeuvres dÂ?art importantes consistent uniquement en des variations aÌ? partir dÂ?oeuvres dÂ?autres artistes.
+Par exemple les tableaux de Magritte perspective 1 : Madame ReÌ?camier de David et perspective 2 : le balcon de Manet, ou encore lÂ?oeuvre de Rauschenberg Erased de Kooning Drawing, qui comme son titre lÂ?indique est une oeuvre de de Kooning (lÂ?un des plus grands artistes des anneÌ?es 50) que Rauschenberg a effaceÌ?. Un magnifique arrangement ! Gene.
+Cette cateÌ?gorisation culturelle deÌ?montre en fait que lÂ?eÌ?tre humain posseÌ?de des qualiteÌ?s creÌ?atrices eÌ?volutives allant du neÌ?ant jusquÂ?au maximum.
+Chose que les animaux nÂ?ont pas.
+Chaque espeÌ?ce dÂ?animal a sa creÌ?ativiteÌ? propre et instinctive.
+CÂ?est possible, mais je ne vois pas en quoi ça soutient vos ideÌ?es.
+Au contraire, si les humains ont une meilleure creÌ?ativiteÌ?, cÂ?est peut-eÌ?tre simplement parce que, contrairement aux animaux, ils sont capables de reÌ?fleÌ?chir Tout ça pour deÌ?montrer quoi ? Et bien que certains eÌ?tres humains creÌ?ent et que cette creÌ?ativiteÌ? ne vient pas de la reÌ?flexion.
+Je pense que cÂ?est la creÌ?ativiteÌ? originale qui engendre la reÌ?flexion et pas le contraire.
+Le contraire me paraiÌ?t plus logique, et je crois avoir largement reÌ?duit aÌ? neÌ?ant chacun des arguments que vous avez exposeÌ?. Si cette creÌ?ativiteÌ? ne neÌ?cessite aucune reÌ?flexion, pourquoi les animaux ne lÂ?ont-ils pas aussi ? Leur creÌ?ativiteÌ? est instinctive et constante, elle nÂ?eÌ?volue pas.
+La creÌ?ativiteÌ? des animaux est extreÌ?mement faible, voire inexistante pour beaucoup dÂ?entre eux.
+Et cÂ?est chez ceux qui sÂ?approche le plus de la reÌ?flexion (les grands singes, dont les capaciteÌ?s intellectuelles des plus performants dÂ?entre eux sont souvent eÌ?valueÌ?s comme eÌ?quivalentes aÌ? celles dÂ?un enfant de 3 aÌ? 4 ans) que lÂ?on constate la plus grande creÌ?ativiteÌ?. JÂ?en conclus donc que cÂ?est probablement en grande partie de la reÌ?flexion que deÌ?pend la creÌ?ativiteÌ?. Je pense que les premiers hommes nÂ?avaient pas plus dÂ?intelligence et de grandeur de cerveau que certains singes, cependant ils ont eÌ?volueÌ?s dans la creÌ?ativiteÌ? et pas les singes (laÌ? cÂ?est vous qui pouvez mÂ?eÌ?clairer).
+Les hasards de lÂ?eÌ?volution.
+Par hasard, nos anceÌ?tre ont duÌ? se retrouver dans un milieu ouÌ? la creÌ?ativiteÌ? eÌ?tait plus importante que pour les anceÌ?tres des singes.
+La theÌ?orie habituelle est que quand nos anceÌ?tres se sont mis aÌ? marcher debout, leurs mains se sont libeÌ?reÌ?es et ils ont alors eu la possibiliteÌ? dÂ?utiliser des outils.
+Cela sÂ?eÌ?tant reÌ?veÌ?leÌ? treÌ?s efficace, ils ont eÌ?volueÌ? vers plus dÂ?intelligence car cela permettait de creÌ?er de meilleurs outils, et cÂ?eÌ?tait un avantage qui fut favoriseÌ? par la seÌ?lection naturelle.
+Cette deÌ?monstration (que je vais essayer dÂ?ameÌ?liorer avec vos remarques et objections) est donc un premier pas en direction de lÂ?existence de la supposeÌ?e aÌ?me.
+Je recule de deux pas en direction de son inexistence.
+Si vous eÌ?tes exclusivement calculateur il est en fait impossible que vous puissiez penser de la meÌ?me manieÌ?re que moi.
+Je ne suis pas exclusivement calculateur (meÌ?me si jÂ?ai longtemps peint des abstractions purement geÌ?omeÌ?triques), et je comprend ce que vous dites.
+Mais je pense que vous vous faites des illusions.
+DeÌ?soleÌ? pour la longueur de ce message.
+JÂ?ai voulu reÌ?pondre preÌ?ciseÌ?ment point par point aÌ? chacune de vos affirmations, afin de ne pas risquer de laisser passer un argument que vous auriez consideÌ?reÌ? comme important.
+JÂ?espeÌ?re ne pas abuser de votre temps.
+==== On dirait que je me suis embarqueÌ? dans une simultaneÌ?e.
+Bigre! Ne manque plus que Bill, Gatti et les autres pour qu'on soit tous laÌ?. J'espeÌ?re qu'il y en aura au moins un pour voir les choses avec luciditeÌ?. I feel lonely.
+;-) En comptant l'autre enfilade (sur les inteÌ?gristes aÌ? la Kalashnikov), ça me fait 15287 bytes (Florence:10978, EÌ?variste: 1982, Jean-François: 1166, AndreÌ?: 1161) de texte corseÌ? aÌ? deÌ?bugger.
+Je devrai me contenter de frappes seÌ?lectives, en m'en excusant.
+Merci de votre compreÌ?hension.
+Courage, mon Denis, aÌ? la roue.
+FLORENCE: Denis: "Je serais curieux de savoir pourquoi on les a soupçonneÌ? EUX plutoÌ?t que d'autres."
+Uniquement parce qu'il s'agit d'hommes jeunes d'origine moyen-orientale ou de religion musulmane et relativement reÌ?cemment arriveÌ?s aux USA.
+Ca s'appelle du "ethnic profiling", DENIS: Moi, j'appelle ça de l'analyse correÌ?lationnelle.
+FLORENCE: A ce jour, strictement aucune de ces personnes n'a pu eÌ?tre relieÌ?e en quoi que ce soit aÌ? un reÌ?seau terroriste.
+DENIS: Mmmmh... Je me souviens d'une teÌ?te.
+Je ne parviens plus aÌ? retrouver le nom.
+Grosse teÌ?te ronde, front deÌ?garni...
+Il avait suivi des cours de pilotage avec les kamikazes.
+J'aimerais eÌ?tre plus preÌ?cis.
+Il est preÌ?sentement deÌ?tenu, je pense.
+FLORENCE: On ne sait pas si des agents dormants ne sont pas encore sur le sol ameÌ?ricain (ce qui est treÌ?s vraisemblable).
+DENIS: Je te retourne le meÌ?me argument sans en changer un mot.
+FLORENCE: (au sujet des dictatures du Pakistan et de l'OuzbeÌ?kistan) Quelle attitude responsable ? Laisser des zones entieÌ?res de leurs pays sous controÌ?le de bandes ethniques libres de fomenter des troubles avec l'Inde et en Chine ou de trafiquer avec les ex-reÌ?publiques d'URSS ? Le profit qu'a vu Moucharraf est qu'une alliance de circonstance avec les USA repreÌ?sente sa survie, l'absolution de sa politique putschiste devant la communauteÌ? internationale, et peut-eÌ?tre meÌ?me un soutien, ou du moins une certaine bienveillance, dans le conflit avec l'Inde.
+Itou pour Karimov qui espeÌ?re bien qu'on ferme les yeux sur sa politique inteÌ?rieure et ses petits trafics.
+DENIS: Tu es trop presseÌ?e.
+Tu voudrais tout reÌ?gler d'un seul coup.
+Le plus presseÌ?, c'est de mettre Al Qaida hord d'eÌ?tat de reÌ?cidiver.
+L'alternative est tout simplement inadmissible.
+Tu voudrais aller tout de suite aÌ? la deÌ?mocratisation et aÌ? l'assainissement des moeurs politiques.
+Ça, c'est le niveau 2.
+ANDREÌ?: Je ne vois pas comment ont peut preÌ?tendre deÌ?fendre les liberteÌ?s civiles contre le terrorisme en les suspendant.
+Il y a laÌ? une contradiction fondamentale.
+DENIS: Je la vois autant que toi, cette contradiction fondamentale.
+Ç'est un paradoxe malheureux.
+Il faut faire avec.
+Trouver le juste milieu.
+Tiens, une question connexe qui porte sur le meÌ?me paradoxe: penses-tu que les lois contre l'alcool au volant briment les liberteÌ?s civiles?
+ANDREÌ?: On n'a qu'aÌ? regarder ce qui se passe en IsraeÌ?l actuellement!
+C'est ça que tu veux?
+DENIS: Dans le conflit israeÌ?lo-palestinien, je donne 8-2 aux Palestiniens.
+J'ai bien haÌ?te qu'ils aient enfin leur pays.
+Je verrais Gaza+Cisjordanie, avec une large bande les reliant.
+Le NeÌ?guev et Eilat resteraient israeÌ?liens, avec croisement en X de deux pays semi-connexes.
+Je souhaite le deÌ?manteÌ?lement des colonies juives en terre Palestinienne.
+Je souhaite que le coeur de JeÌ?rusalem soit deÌ?clareÌ? zone internationale.
+Mais je reÌ?ve en couleur.
+Ça prendra encore au moins 20 ans au rythme ou vont les choses.
+As-tu une meilleure solution pour que la paix arrive avant l'an 2200?
+JEAN-FRANÇOIS: Au Canada, la mesure la plus stupide qui ait eÌ?teÌ? passeÌ?e sous le choc c'est l'histoire des vigiles en civils, armeÌ?s, dans les avions.
+Peu importe la manieÌ?re que l'on tourne le probleÌ?me ça se reÌ?sume aÌ? un droit de passer des armes "leÌ?galement" dans la cabine d'un avion...
+Avec tous les risques suppleÌ?mentaires que ça ameÌ?nera*. ForceÌ?ment!
+DENIS: En effet.
+Il n'est pas eÌ?vident que ça augmente la seÌ?curiteÌ?. As-tu une meilleure ideÌ?e (applicable aÌ? court terme)?
+JEAN-FRANÇOIS: Beaucoup de ces deÌ?cisions n'ont jamais eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?cideÌ?es deÌ?mocratiquement.
+DENIS: Comment auraient-elles pu l'eÌ?tre?
+En deÌ?mocratie, on eÌ?lit justement des gens pour prendre ce genre de deÌ?cisions.
+Si on n'est pas content, on les remplacera dans 4 ans.
+Et si on n'est pas content du menu, on n'a qu'a trouver des gens qui pensent comme nous et fonder un nouveau parti.
+Merci pour l'article de Foglia.
+Dans le tumulte du temps des feÌ?tes, je l'avais manqueÌ?. En effet, les 13000 morts de Surat forcent aÌ? relativiser les choses.
+Si le tremblement de terre avait eÌ?teÌ? provoqueÌ? par une volonteÌ? maleÌ?fique, je lui en voudrais beaucoup.
+EÌ?VARISTE: Je ne suis pas de ton coÌ?teÌ?. DENIS: Je ne t'adresserai plus jamais la parole.
+;-) EÌ?VARISTE: (apreÌ?s les croisades et les westerns) Nous savons un peu mieux ce qu'il faut penser maintenant de cet univers dichotomique, manicheÌ?en.
+Non seulement n'y a-t-il pas que le Bien et le Mal, le Bon et le MeÌ?chant, mais le MeÌ?chant n'est pas toujours celui qu'on pense.
+La relativiteÌ? est d'un bien plus grand secours ici qu'en physique ;-) DENIS: En effet.
+Tu marques un point.
+Il faudrait en glisser un mot aÌ? ben Laden.
+Le jeu des bons et des meÌ?chant est un jeu qui se joue aÌ? deux.
+FLORENCE: Il est clair qu'il est difficile de soutenir que la presse soit aussi peu libre aux USA qu'en Iran et que le public y soit autant endoctrineÌ?, mais c'est malheureusement bel et bien le cas.
+DENIS: Logiquement, tu viens de dire que c'est vrai meÌ?me si c'est indeÌ?montrable.
+Ça ressemble aux arguments de Miroir.
+;-) FLORENCE: L'ameÌ?ricain moyen est encore moins au courant de ce qui se passe dans le monde et s'en fiche bien plus que l'iranien moyen.
+Cela vient en grande partie du fait qu'il est conditionneÌ? deÌ?s le berceau aÌ? consideÌ?rer son pays comme le phare du monde en toutes matieÌ?res, donc seul digne d'inteÌ?reÌ?t, et que la presse est censureÌ?e par les diffeÌ?rents lobbies des meÌ?dias, qui ne sont pas animeÌ?s par une volonteÌ? d'informer ni d'eÌ?duquer mais par une politique essentiellement lucrative, lorsqu'ils ne sont pas lieÌ?s aux autres lobbies qui sont preÌ?dominants au niveau gouvernemental.
+DENIS: Je pense que tu caricatures encore.
+Beaucoup. Et meÌ?me si c'eÌ?tait vrai, je ne vois pas en quoi ça donne raison aux abrutis de Dieu qui veulent te peÌ?ter l'existence et t'imposer leur charia.
+Il faudrait que tu sois plus claire dans tes explications.
+DENIS: Tu marques un point.
+Ils ne sont pas forts sur la forme, les AmeÌ?ricains.
+Mais ils ont raison (99 aÌ? 1) sur le fond.
+D'apreÌ?s toi, qu'auraient duÌ? faire (aÌ? ton gouÌ?t) les AmeÌ?ricains, en reÌ?ponse aux attentats du 11 septembre?
+JE POSE LA MEÌ?ME QUESTION AUX TROIS AUTRES.
+Tu y as un peu reÌ?pondu dans: FLORENCE: Il s'agit de deÌ?terminer les responsabiliteÌ?s, localiser les coupables et leur mettre la main dessus.
+Il s'agit d'actions qui prennent du temps.
+DENIS: Mmmmmh. Pas facile de leur mettre la main dessus quand ils sont deÌ?fendus par la secte des Talibans.
+Toi, comment t'y serais tu pris pour leur mettre la main dessus?
+Tu leur aurais donneÌ? rendez-vous?
+Tu les aurais attireÌ?s avec du sucre?
+Tu aurais perdu 10 ans aÌ? neÌ?gocier avec les Talibans en restant poli?
+DENIS D'AVANT: (au sujet de l'avenir du peuple Afghan) Les gens ne seront plus emprisonneÌ?s (ou pire) pour avoir eÌ?couteÌ? de la musique ou pour avoir enseigneÌ? l'alphabet aÌ? une petite fille.
+Peu aÌ? peu les colleÌ?ges et les universiteÌ?s vont rouvrir.
+Et on pourra peut-eÌ?tre y eÌ?tudier AUTRE CHOSE que la theÌ?ologie coranique.
+Un peu de science laiÌ?que, par exemple."
+FLORENCE: On pourra eÌ?tudier autre chose que la theÌ?ologie coranique, en effet, les USA vont veiller aÌ? ce que les missionnaires chreÌ?tiens puissent agir en toute liberteÌ? (rires sous cape).
+DENIS: Je n'ai jamais parleÌ? de christianisme.
+J'ai parleÌ? de laiÌ?citeÌ?, de moderniteÌ?, de liberteÌ? civique ordinaire.
+AÌ? long terme, eÌ?videmment, mais pas jamais.
+Le contraire serait trop deÌ?sespeÌ?rant.
+ANDREÌ?: J'ai la faÌ?cheuse impression que Bush, en bon repreÌ?sentant de la mentaliteÌ? d'une bonne partie des ameÌ?ricains, prend comme modeÌ?le l'attitude macho des cowboys de western, qu'il ne reÌ?alise pas encore que, cette fois-ci, on ne joue plus et que ses bravades ne feront que susciter davantage de terrorisme.
+Comment des dirigeants supposeÌ?ment matures peuvent-ils sombrer dans un pareil infantilisme irresponsable?
+DENIS: Un peu caricatural mais tu marques quand meÌ?me un gros point.
+(Bigre. Pas facile de donner une simultaneÌ?e!)
+"L'action militaire ne fera que susciter davantage de terrorisme".
+Je pense que c'est laÌ? le principal argument des anti-anti-terroristes.
+Moi aussi, je m'en inquieÌ?tais en poutch-poutchant mes gueÌ?pes.
+Mais, en fin de compte, ça ne s'est pas trop mal passeÌ?. Et, je le rappelle, l'alternative (hausser les eÌ?paules et laisser faire) eÌ?tait inadmissible.
+Bon. Je m'excuse de n'avoir pas pu tout commenter.
+J'essaierai de faire mieux la prochaine fois si vous ne me reÌ?pondez pas tous en meÌ?me temps.
+:-) CordialiteÌ?s, === Bonjour, HumÂ? VoilaÌ? ce qui arrive quand on pose des questions sans eÌ?tre assez preÌ?cis.
+Quelle ideÌ?e de balancer cette adresseÂ? Je vous remerçie de vos reÌ?actions, mais ma question ne portait QUE sur la theÌ?orie creÌ?ationniste.
+Je ne partage eÌ?videmment pas les affirmations des autres liens,(concernant le nombre 666, jÂ?avais dÂ?ailleurs utiliseÌ? le meÌ?me raisonnement que Jean François dans le forum du site en question).
+Je me permet donc de vous proposer des extraits preÌ?cis de ce texte.
+Extraits sur lesquels Jean François nÂ?a pas reÌ?pondu malgreÌ? sa veÌ?heÌ?mence.
+Juste un deÌ?tail : je ne suis pas creÌ?ationniste, mais les arguments suivants me font poser des questions.
+Je dois reconnaiÌ?tre nÂ?eÌ?tre pas assez caleÌ? pour savoir si elles sont vraies ou non.
+Si vous avez des lectures aÌ? me conseiller sur ce sujet.
+Pour devenir un bon eÌ?leÌ?phant, il ne suffit pas tout aÌ? coup d'eÌ?tre doteÌ? d'une grande trompe.
+Il faut qu'en meÌ?me temps un appareil compleÌ?tement diffeÌ?rent, le cervelet, soit modifieÌ? pour mettre en place l'ensemble des caÌ?blages neÌ?cessaire pour que l'eÌ?leÌ?phant sache se servir de sa trompe.
+Les macromutations doivent eÌ?tre coordonneÌ?s par un systeÌ?me de geÌ?nes deÌ?s l'embryogeneÌ?se.
+or si l'on regarde l'histoire de l'eÌ?volution, cela nous fait des dizaines et des dizaines de milliers de miracles...
+Pour que la theÌ?orie de l'eÌ?volution soit vraie, il faudrait obligatoirement que les eÌ?tres ainsi formeÌ?s puissent se reproduire, et cela deÌ?s l'apparition du vivant.
+Mais, les meÌ?canismes de reproduction, au niveau cellulaire, sont d'une complexiteÌ? inimaginable, et il aurait fallu des millions d'eÌ?tapes eÌ?volutives pour les deÌ?velopper.
+Alors se pose la question devant laquelle cette theÌ?orie doit rester muette : Comment la vie aÌ? l'origine a-t-elle pu se doter d'une telle merveille, pour pouvoir deÌ?s le deÌ?but se propager, et perpeÌ?tuer ses ameÌ?liorations ? ------------------- ...La seÌ?lection cumulative peut donc fabriquer la complexiteÌ?, ce que ne peut faire la seÌ?lection en une seule eÌ?tape.
+Mais la seÌ?lection cumulative ne peut fonctionner aÌ? moins qu'il y ait une amorce quelconque de meÌ?canisme de reÌ?plication et un minimum de pouvoir reÌ?plicateur, et le seul meÌ?canisme de reÌ?plication dont nous avons connaissance semble trop compliqueÌ? pour avoir acceÌ?deÌ? aÌ? l'existence par rien de moins que de nombreuses geÌ?neÌ?rations de seÌ?lection cumulative ! D'aucuns voient laÌ? un vice fondamental de toute la theÌ?orie de l'horloger aveugle (l'eÌ?volution due uniquement au hasard).
+Le fosseÌ? qui seÌ?pare l'oiseau du reptile est si eÌ?norme qu'il est infranchissable.
+Quels sont les changements, les mutations neÌ?cessaires ? Notons en quelques-uns de taille : ? la creÌ?ation d'une aile ; ? l'alleÌ?gement des os (les os d'un oiseau sont creux) ; ? les eÌ?cailles qui se changent en plumes ; ? la creÌ?ation de poumons d'oiseau, qui sont radicalement diffeÌ?rent des poumons d'un reptile ; ? l'augmentation importante de capaciteÌ? ceÌ?reÌ?brale ; ? la meÌ?tamorphose du systeÌ?me sanguin : du sang froid au sang chaud.
+Imaginez alors que cette aile ait eÌ?mergeÌ? par hasard, par une succession sans nombre de mutations fortuites, sur le dos des leÌ?zards, aÌ? travers des milliers de geÌ?neÌ?rations.
+D'abord il y a la petite bosse, juste au bon endroit - car l'aile doit se situer exactement au centre de graviteÌ?. Ensuite, cette bosse que voici se deÌ?veloppe, sans plan ni preÌ?vision, uniquement sous la pression de la seÌ?lection naturelle qui favorise les mieux adapteÌ?s.
+Seulement, cette aile en voie de deÌ?veloppement risque fort bien de constituer un inconveÌ?nient plus qu'un avantage - un bagage lourd aÌ? porter, mais inutile avant d'eÌ?tre compleÌ?tement formeÌ?. En effet, il est treÌ?s difficile d'imaginer les dizaines de milliers de geÌ?neÌ?rations de chaiÌ?nons (qui sont effectivement manquants) qui auraient duÌ? exister entre le reptile et l'oiseau.
+Mais ce n'est pas la seule difficulteÌ?, car l'aile n'est qu'un eÌ?leÌ?ment parmi plusieurs.
+Il faut croire que tous les changements radicaux neÌ?cessaires au vol se font paralleÌ?lement, en meÌ?me temps que l'aile grandit.
+L'ArcheÌ?opteÌ?ryx a bel et bien existeÌ?, mais l'examen des fossiles porte aÌ? croire que ses ailes eÌ?taient parfaitement formeÌ?es, avec des plumes, et capables de vol.
+Il ne peut alors eÌ?tre consideÌ?reÌ? comme un chaiÌ?non entre reptile et oiseau ; c'est plutoÌ?t une espeÌ?ce d'oiseau qui a disparu de la Terre.
+Ainsi, une difficulteÌ? majeure, voire insurmontable, de la theÌ?orie geÌ?neÌ?rale de l'eÌ?volution est son incapaciteÌ? d'expliquer la formation de nouveaux organes et structures.
+Darwin lui-meÌ?me reconnaissait ce probleÌ?me, car il a eÌ?crit : " Il semble absurde au possible, je le reconnais, de supposer que la seÌ?lection naturelle ait put former l'oeil...
+(7) " Il a eu raison d'eÌ?tre troubleÌ?, car l'oeil, comme tout autre organe important d'ailleurs, n'est pas un eÌ?leÌ?ment isoleÌ? dans le corps.
+Pour que l'oeil fonctionne, il est neÌ?cessaire que tout un reÌ?seau soit en place, comme pour une cameÌ?ra de teÌ?leÌ?vision hautement perfectionneÌ?e : la partie " meÌ?canique " de l'oeil, avec les muscles oculomoteurs qui assurent sa mobiliteÌ? ; la corneÌ?e, l'iris, et le cristallin, qui constituent un systeÌ?me perfectionneÌ? de mise au point automatique ; pour n'en donner que quelques-uns...
+la partie " photo-eÌ?lectrique ", avec, pour l'oeil humain, ses quelques 125 millions de cellules photo-eÌ?lectriques qui envoient leurs informations par le moyen de preÌ?s de trois millions de circuits cellulaires appeleÌ?s ganglions.
+Le film le plus sensible utiliseÌ? par les photographes a besoin de capter au moins 25 photons pour deÌ?tecter de la lumieÌ?re.
+Certains yeux arrivent aÌ? deÌ?tecter un seul photon (8) . toute la partie " eÌ?lectronique ", celle qui traite les signaux et les rend " visibles " pour nous.
+C'est cette partie de notre cerveau qui est tout aussi essentielle aÌ? la vision que l'oeil.
+La difficulteÌ? consiste aÌ? faire eÌ?voluer seÌ?pareÌ?ment tous ces systeÌ?mes, mais en meÌ?me temps et au bon endroit : On peut imaginer qu'aÌ? l'origine, par variation brusque et fortuite, certaines cellules teÌ?gumentaires (cellules des tissus recouvrant le corps des animaux) devinrent photosensibles, photoreÌ?ceptives et que leurs possesseurs supplanteÌ?rent les individus invarieÌ?s.
+De nouvelles mutations firent apparaiÌ?tre de nouvelles parties qui s'ajusteÌ?rent exactement les unes aux autres.
+Mais le probleÌ?me devient bien plus ardu quand on se repreÌ?sente que l'oeil reÌ?sulte de l'eÌ?volution coordonneÌ?e de deux eÌ?bauches, l'une ectodermique (corneÌ?e, cristallin), l'autre nerveuse (reÌ?tine) et que le progreÌ?s de l'organe va de pair avec celui de l'enceÌ?phale.
+...Il faut admettre que les mutations furent en si grand nombre et de nature si varieÌ?e que parmi elles, parurent se trouver celles qui, preÌ?ciseÌ?ment, eÌ?taient utiles.
+Mais encore fallut-il que la mutation neÌ?cessaire se preÌ?sentaÌ?t aÌ? point nommeÌ?.
+Les eÌ?volutionnistes citent l'homologie, ou la similitude de structures, comme l'une des meilleures preuves de la parenteÌ? des eÌ?tres vivants.
+Mais treÌ?s souvent, cette meÌ?me similitude devient assez embarrassante.
+D'abord, parce que tous reconnaissent que des organismes treÌ?s diffeÌ?rents peuvent posseÌ?der des structures presque identiques.
+C'est si courant que la science a donneÌ? un nom aÌ? ce pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne : la convergence.
+Par exemple : Les yeux de la pieuvre ressemblent beaucoup aux yeux humains, mais on ne les mettrait jamais dans la meÌ?me branche eÌ?volutive.
+Il y a parfois une ressemblance presque parfaite entre certains marsupiaux de l'Australie avec leurs homologues placentaires : structure du squelette, dents, craÌ?ne tellement proche que seul un expert peut les distinguer, mais personne ne les consideÌ?re comme des parents proches (13) . Le vol : Pour qu'un animal non-volant puisse acqueÌ?rir cette capaciteÌ?, il faudrait que presque toute sa structure soit modifieÌ?e par l'eÌ?volution.
+Et pourtant, selon cette theÌ?orie, cela est arriveÌ?...non seulement une fois, pour les oiseaux, mais au moins dans quatre classes d'animaux distincts : les mammifeÌ?res, tels que la chauve-souris, les insectes, les oiseaux, et meÌ?me les reptiles, car nous posseÌ?dons des fossiles de reptiles volants (14) . De tels cas obligent l'eÌ?volutionniste aÌ? croire que le miracle des transformations complexes est arriveÌ? non seulement une fois, mais aÌ? plusieurs reprises, et d'une manieÌ?re semblable dans des organismes treÌ?s diffeÌ?rents.
+L'homologie preÌ?sente une autre difficulteÌ? pour la theÌ?orie de l'eÌ?volution, au niveau de l'ADN et des geÌ?nes.
+Si le squelette de tous les verteÌ?breÌ?s a conserveÌ? " le meÌ?me plan, la meÌ?me structure fondamentale heÌ?riteÌ?e d'un anceÌ?tre commun (15) ", c'est parce que cet anceÌ?tre leur a transmis les meÌ?mes geÌ?nes.
+Ainsi, si deux animaux posseÌ?dent des structures homologues heÌ?riteÌ?es d'un anceÌ?tre commun, normalement cette similitude doit trouver son reflet dans les geÌ?nes des deux.
+Autrement dit, les geÌ?nes qui deÌ?terminent les structures homologues doivent eux-meÌ?mes se ressembler, ou eÌ?tre homologues.
+Mais ce n'est pas le cas : ces geÌ?nes sont le plus souvent compleÌ?tement diffeÌ?rents, sauf dans le cas d'espeÌ?ces treÌ?s proches l'une de l'autre (16) . ---------------------------- Â?..Cependant, trouver par hasard des mots plus longs, disons, de sept lettres comme English ou require, exigerait une recherche beaucoup plus longue.
+Il y a 267 combinaisons de sept lettres, environ huit milliards soit de l'ordre de 1010.
+Comme il y a certainement moins de dix mille mots anglais de sept lettres, il faudrait chercher dans une chaiÌ?ne de caracteÌ?res de l'ordre de cent mille uniteÌ?s pour en trouver un au hasard.
+Les mots de douze lettres comme construction ou unreasonable sont si rares qu'on n'en trouve qu'un par hasard dans une chaiÌ?ne de 1014 lettres ; comme il y a environ 1014 minutes dans deux cents millions d'anneÌ?es, on peut imaginer le temps qu'il faudrait aÌ? un singe dactylographe pour taper accidentellement un mot anglais de douze lettres.
+Si trouver des mots par hasard pose probleÌ?me, c'est surtout parce que l'espace de toutes les combinaisons de lettres possibles est immense et que l'eÌ?crasante majoriteÌ? de ces combinaisons n'ont aucun sens.
+Bien entendu les phrases meÌ?me les plus courtes sont encore plus rares, et la rareteÌ? des phrases longues est un deÌ?fi aÌ? l'imagination..... (18) Denton n'arreÌ?te pas laÌ? la discussion.
+Il montre ensuite qu'il est impossible de changer un mot d'une phrase au hasard sans transgresser les reÌ?gles de grammaire qui exigent une combinaison rigoureuse non seulement de lettres, mais aussi de noms, de verbes, et ainsi de suite.
+Il arrive aÌ? la conclusion que toute phrase est un systeÌ?me complexe que le hasard ne peut ni formuler ni transformer.
+Puisque " le texte " geÌ?neÌ?tique est gouverneÌ? par les meÌ?mes principes que la langue eÌ?crite, il est difficile de ne pas arriver aux meÌ?mes conclusions concernant l'ADN.
+Cette comparaison nous montre aussi pourquoi la mutation fortuite est presque toujours nocive aÌ? l'organisme.
+Car une mutation n'est autre que la substitution de " lettres " ou de " mots " dans le texte geÌ?neÌ?tique.
+Un petit changement dans une phrase n'est pas invraisemblable.
+Mais toute transformation majeure, qu'il s'agisse d'une mutation isoleÌ?e ou de plusieurs mutations accumuleÌ?es, deÌ?truit immanquablement l'information que la phrase contient.
+Le professeur SchuÌ?tzenberger est aussi convaincu de l'impossibiliteÌ? de modification majeure dans le code geÌ?neÌ?tique : Une modification typographique d'un programme informatique ne change pas un peu le programme, elle l'annule purement et simplement.
+Il en va de meÌ?me avec un numeÌ?ro de teÌ?leÌ?phone.
+Si j'essaie d'appeler par teÌ?leÌ?phone un correspondant, il importe peu que je me trompe sur un, deux, trois ou huit chiffres de son numeÌ?ro.
+Il y a toute une grammaire de formation des proteÌ?ines, en trois dimensions, que l'on connaiÌ?t encore bien mal.
+Nous ne disposons d'aucune reÌ?gle physico-chimique nous permettant de relier de manieÌ?re intelligible les modifications typographiques aÌ? une structure biologique efficace (19).
+Cette difficulteÌ? n'est pas une lacune mineure dans la theÌ?orie geÌ?neÌ?rale de l'eÌ?volution, elle sape sa fondation meÌ?me.
+Compte tenu de la richesse des archives fossiles actuelles, il est bien peu probable qu'une remise en cause de l'eÌ?volution puisse avoir lieu ! D'autant que l'on dispose de seÌ?ries fossiles caracteÌ?ristiques qu'il serait difficile de reÌ?futer, en particulier celle qui concerne la classe des mammifeÌ?res.
+"(1) Cette assurance est loin d'eÌ?tre partageÌ?e par toute la communauteÌ? scientifique.
+En effet, nombreux sont les geÌ?ologues et les paleÌ?ontologues qui voient dans le l'eÌ?tude des fossiles de graves difficulteÌ?s pour la theÌ?orie darwinienne.
+De nouveau, il faut faire une distinction entre la micro-eÌ?volution et la macro-eÌ?volution.
+Il est incontestable que certains organismes ont subi des changements superficiels aÌ? travers les sieÌ?cles passeÌ?s (tandis que d'autres sont resteÌ?s inchangeÌ?s).
+Mais il n'est pas possible, par l'eÌ?tude des fossiles, de montrer que toutes les espeÌ?ces vivantes aujourd'hui ont des anceÌ?tres communs.
+C'est une geÌ?neÌ?ralisation qui contredit plutoÌ?t ce que nous observons dans ces traces laisseÌ?es dans les couches seÌ?dimentaires de notre planeÌ?te.
+A part quelques rares fossiles d'animaux pris dans les puits de bitume ou dans de la seÌ?ve, presque tous les fossiles sont les restes d'animaux ensevelis brusquement dans d'eÌ?paisses couches de seÌ?diment porteÌ?es par les eaux, et si rapidement que la deÌ?teÌ?rioration n'a pas pu avoir lieu.
+Par la suite, par un processus encore mal compris, les matieÌ?res organiques ont eÌ?teÌ? remplaceÌ?es par les eÌ?leÌ?ments inorganiques.
+Le professeur Felden a raison de parler de " la richesse des archives fossiles.
+" En effet, on nous dit que, quel que soit notre lieu de reÌ?sidence dans le monde, nous pourrions trouver des fossiles dans un rayon de moins d'un kilomeÌ?tre.
+On a reÌ?pertorieÌ? jusqu'aÌ? preÌ?sent preÌ?s de 250 000 diffeÌ?rentes espeÌ?ces fossiliseÌ?es(2) . Les fossiles repreÌ?sentent alors une source abondante de renseignements sur les formes de vie qui ont existeÌ? dans le passeÌ?. C'est cette richesse meÌ?me qui accentue un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne commun aÌ? toutes les couches seÌ?dimentaires : l'absence notoire des formes de transition importantes.
+On rencontre des opinions treÌ?s divergentes concernant la validiteÌ? de certains " chaiÌ?nons manquants ", mais tous s'accordent pour dire que la grande majoriteÌ? des classes, des ordres, et des familles apparaissent dans les strates fossilifeÌ?res parfaitement formeÌ?es, sans anteÌ?ceÌ?dent.
+En reÌ?aliteÌ?, il ne s'agit pas de quelques "maillons" qui manqueraient dans la chaine eÌ?volutive, mais de grandes longueurs de chaines qui sont introuvables.
+Il suffit de voir ce que disent les paleÌ?ontologues : 1.
+En ce qui concerne les couches cambriennes, qui sont geÌ?neÌ?ralement consideÌ?reÌ?es comme les plus anciennes qui portent des fossiles multicellulaires : Un des probleÌ?mes majeurs et non-reÌ?solus de la geÌ?ologie et de l'eÌ?volution est la preÌ?sence d'inverteÌ?breÌ?s marins aÌ? la fois diversifieÌ?s et multicellulaires dans les roches cambriennes de tous les continents, et leur absence dans les roches plus aÌ?geÌ?es.[...] Lorsque nous cherchons dans les roches preÌ?cambriennes pour trouver les preÌ?curseurs de ces fossiles cambriens, ils ne sont pas laÌ?(3) . Cette brusque apparition de la vie est souvent appeleÌ?e une " explosion de vie " aÌ? cause des nombreuses espeÌ?ces qu'on y trouve : Lorsque la vie inverteÌ?breÌ?e apparaiÌ?t pour la premieÌ?re fois dans les mers anciennes du PaleÌ?ozoiÌ?que, elle est deÌ?jaÌ? diviseÌ?e en pratiquement tous les groupes majeurs que nous connaissons aujourd'hui.
+Non seulement tous les grands phylums des inverteÌ?breÌ?s sont repreÌ?senteÌ?s, mais leurs principaux sous-groupes sont aussi preÌ?sents en nombre important.
+Les Mollusques, par exemple : les repreÌ?sentants primitifs des CeÌ?phalopodes (le groupe comprenant les pieuvres et les calmars), des Bivalves (palourdes et huiÌ?tres) ou des GasteÌ?ropodes (escargots et limaces), etc.
+sont deÌ?jaÌ? fortement diffeÌ?rencieÌ?s quand ils surgissent dans les gisements fossiles(4) . 2.
+En ce qui concerne les verteÌ?breÌ?s : Entre le Cambrien, d'ouÌ? ils sont sans doute originaires, et l'Ordovicien, ouÌ? nous trouvons pour la premieÌ?re fois des fossiles d'animaux ayant des caracteÌ?res explicites de poissons, il y a un intervalle de preÌ?s de 100 millions d'anneÌ?es que nous n'allons probablement jamais combler(5) . Etant donneÌ? le grand fosseÌ? qui seÌ?pare les verteÌ?breÌ?s des inverteÌ?breÌ?s, il faut croire que pendant 100 millions d'anneÌ?es des multitudes d'organismes mi-poisson/mi-inverteÌ?breÌ? ont existeÌ? et ont peÌ?ri sans laisser la moindre trace.
+C'est possible, mais moins creÌ?dible que le reÌ?cit de la creÌ?ation ! 3.
+En ce qui concerne les mammifeÌ?res : L'eÌ?veÌ?nement le plus mysteÌ?rieux de l'histoire de la vie sur terre est le changement du MeÌ?sozoiÌ?que (l'aÌ?ge des reptiles) aÌ? l'aÌ?ge des mammifeÌ?res.
+C'est comme si le rideau descendait subitement sur la sceÌ?ne ouÌ? tous les roÌ?les importants eÌ?taient pris par les reptiles (et surtout les dinosaures, si nombreux et si varieÌ?s) pourse lever immeÌ?diatement apreÌ?s pour reÌ?veÌ?ler la meÌ?me sceÌ?ne.
+Mais cette fois, les acteurs sont compleÌ?tement diffeÌ?rents : les dinosaures ne sont plus preÌ?sents, d'autres reptiles sont des figurants peu importants, et tous les roÌ?les importants sont confieÌ?s aÌ? des mammifeÌ?res qui sont aÌ? peine mentionneÌ?s dans les actes preÌ?ceÌ?dents(6) . Cet eÌ?veÌ?nement est mysteÌ?rieux pour le Dr. Simpson parce qu'il est difficile de concevoir comment un changement si radical se serait produit sans laisser de trace.
+Il est impossible dans cette discussion de consideÌ?rer en deÌ?tail un sujet aussi vaste que la paleÌ?ontologie.
+L'eÌ?tude des fossiles autorise des diffeÌ?rences honneÌ?tes d'opinion.
+Mais les archives fossiles sont treÌ?s deÌ?cevantes pour ceux qui y cherchent un appui aÌ? la theÌ?orie geÌ?neÌ?rale de l'eÌ?volution.
+L'absence presque totale de formes intermeÌ?diaires et ancestrales dans les gisements fossiles est aujourd'hui largement reconnue comme l'une de leurs caracteÌ?ristiques les plus frappantes par beaucoup de paleÌ?ontologues eÌ?minents(7) . Darwin lui-meÌ?me eÌ?tait treÌ?s conscient de ce probleÌ?me, car sa theÌ?orie exigeait l'existence d'une quantiteÌ? innombrable de formes de transition, et il eÌ?tait troubleÌ? par leur absence : Le nombre des formes intermeÌ?diaires constituant les chaiÌ?nons de transition entre toutes les espeÌ?ces vivantes et les espeÌ?ces perdues a donc duÌ? eÌ?tre infiniment grand ; or, si ma theÌ?orie est vraie, elles ont certainement veÌ?cu sur la Terre(8) . Pourquoi donc chaque formation geÌ?ologique, dans chacune des couches qui la composent, ne regorge-t-elle pas de ces formes intermeÌ?diaires ? La geÌ?ologie ne reÌ?veÌ?le assureÌ?ment pas une seÌ?rie organique si bien gradueÌ?e, et c'est en cela, peut-eÌ?tre, que consiste l'objection la plus seÌ?
rieuse qu'on puisse faire aÌ? ma theÌ?orie.
+Je crois que l'explication se trouve dans l'extreÌ?me insuffisance des documents geÌ?ologiques(9) . Darwin croyait alors que les recherches futures allaient apporter ce qui manquait dans les indices fossiles.
+Aujourd'hui on n'a plus cet espoir : [...] L'expeÌ?rience montre qu'il est possible que les intervalles qui seÌ?parent les plus grandes cateÌ?gories ne soient jamais combleÌ?s par les fossiles.
+Beaucoup de discontinuiteÌ?s ont tendance aÌ? devenir de plus en plus abruptes aÌ? mesure que les collections augmentent(10) . Dans les anneÌ?es 1970, certains biologistes dont Jay Gould, Niles Eldridge et Steven Stanley, sont arriveÌ?s aÌ? la conclusion que la theÌ?orie de variations lentes et reÌ?gulieÌ?res proposeÌ?e par Darwin n'eÌ?tait plus tenable aÌ? la lumieÌ?re des discontinuiteÌ?s.
+Ils ont alors proposeÌ? un raffinement aÌ? la theÌ?orie : la vie n'a pas eÌ?volueÌ? aÌ? une vitesse constante mais par aÌ?-coups.
+Selon cette theÌ?orie, appeleÌ?e " eÌ?quilibre ponctueÌ? ", L'histoire de la plupart des espeÌ?ces fossiliseÌ?es comporte deux aspects treÌ?s diffeÌ?rents de l'eÌ?volution graduelle : 1.
+Stase : La plupart des espeÌ?ces ne montrent aucun changement directionnel pendant leur existence sur la terre.
+Elles apparaissent dans les documents fossiles avec la meÌ?me apparence que lorsqu'elles disparaissent ; le changement morphologique est d'habitude limiteÌ? et sans direction.
+2. Apparition brusque : Dans toute reÌ?gion donneÌ?e, une espeÌ?ce n'est pas produite graduellement par une transformation progressive de ses anceÌ?tres ; elle apparaiÌ?t soudainement et compleÌ?tement formeÌ?e(11) . Le probleÌ?me n'est pas pour autant reÌ?solu.
+PremieÌ?rement, les absences dans les archives fossiles sont particulieÌ?rement geÌ?nantes entre les grandes classes d'organismes ouÌ? il faut imaginer des changements radicaux : l'apparition de la vie, l'explosion de la vie multicellulaire dans le Cambrien avec sa varieÌ?teÌ? inouiÌ?e d'espeÌ?ces ; l'apparition soudaine des verteÌ?breÌ?s, des reptiles, des oiseaux, des mammifeÌ?res.
+L'explication par l'eÌ?quilibre ponctueÌ? peut peut-eÌ?tre satisfaire dans le cas de changements peu importants, mais reste compleÌ?tement incapable d'expliquer l'absence des milliers de formes de transitions qui devraient exister entre les grands phylums.
+A moins de croire aux miracles, ces grandes discontinuiteÌ?s ne peuvent tout simplement pas avoir eÌ?teÌ? franchies rapidement (aÌ? l'eÌ?chelle geÌ?ologique) par le biais d'une ou deux espeÌ?ces de transition occupant des zones geÌ?ographiques peu eÌ?tendues.
+[...] La supposition frise l'incroyable ! Il y a chez le ceÌ?leÌ?bre zoologue Richard Dawkins un concept fort inteÌ?ressant que lÂ?on nomme « meÌ?me ». Les meÌ?me sont des noyaux dÂ?ideÌ?es auto-reÌ?plicant.
+Ils nÂ?ont pas de structure physique et ne peuvent eÌ?tre observeÌ? au microscope.
+Ce sont des fragments de neÌ?ants qui vont dÂ?esprit en esprit, nageant dans une mer de cerveau.
+Toutefois, ces reÌ?plicateurs sont capable dÂ?assembler de grandes quantiteÌ?s de matieÌ?res.
+Par exemple, une meÌ?lodie monte dans les reÌ?veries dÂ?un compositeur solitaire.
+Elle sÂ?empare du cerveau du chanteur.
+Puis elle infecte la conscience de millions de personnes.
+Cette meÌ?lodie est un meÌ?me.
+Un concept scientifique ou philosophique naiÌ?t comme une lueur vague dans les penseÌ?es dÂ?un chercheur.
+Il finit par avoir des eÌ?coles entieÌ?res de partisans.
+Ce concept est un meÌ?me.
+Chacun dÂ?entre eux saute dÂ?un cerveau aÌ? un autres, se copiant freÌ?neÌ?tiquement dans le nouvel environnement.
+Mais les meÌ?mes qui comptent le plus sont ceux qui assemblent de grandes quantiteÌ?s de ressources pour en faire de nouvelles formes stupeÌ?fiantes.
+Ce sont les meÌ?mes qui construisent les superorganismes religieux.
+Il est difficile de dater la naissance de ce nouvel outil.
+Dawkins estiment quÂ?ils seraient apparu il y a environ 22 millions dÂ?anneÌ?es, lorsque les proto-chimpanzeÌ?s ce mirent aÌ? utiliser des outils et des meÌ?thodes de chasse coopeÌ?rative.
+Cependant, ses premieÌ?res formes pleinement identifiables nÂ?ont peut-eÌ?tre pas commenceÌ? aÌ? engloutir des substances pour produire aÌ? la chaiÌ?ne des copies dÂ?eux-meÌ?mes avant les 35 000 dernieÌ?res anneÌ?es avec lÂ?Homo Sapiens.
+Ce dernier, pour savoir qui faisait partie de sa famille et qui nÂ?en faisait pas partie, utilisa des ideÌ?es, des manieÌ?res, des moraliteÌ?s et des particulariteÌ?s vestimentaires comme signes exteÌ?rieurs de distinction.
+Les enfants dÂ?IsraeÌ?l sont repreÌ?sentatifs des nations tribales de lÂ?eÌ?poque.
+Pour appartenir aÌ? leur tribu, il fallait posseÌ?der les bons geÌ?nes.
+Comment un HeÌ?breu des temps ancien pouvait-il savoir si vous deviez eÌ?tre traiteÌ? comme un initieÌ? ? Votre Dieu, vos manies et vos ideÌ?es eÌ?taient les eÌ?tiquettes exteÌ?rieures de votre contenu geÌ?neÌ?tique.
+Mais une chose eÌ?trange se produisit alors que les groupes humains sÂ?agrandissaient.
+Les meÌ?mes se deÌ?tacheÌ?rent des geÌ?nes.
+AÌ? lÂ?eÌ?poque de lÂ?Ancien Testament, les meÌ?mes faisaient aÌ? peine lÂ?effort de sauter dÂ?un groupe de geÌ?nes aÌ? un autres.
+Les anciens HeÌ?breux, par exemple, ne faisaient pas dÂ?effort pour convertir les paiÌ?ens.
+Si le meÌ?me devait conserver son roÌ?le de marqueur geÌ?neÌ?tique, seuls ceux qui partageaient les meÌ?mes geÌ?nes pouvaient partager le meÌ?me Dieu.
+Mais comme le dit Leo W.
+Buss, biologiste aÌ? lÂ?UniversiteÌ? de Yale, « aÌ? chaque eÌ?tape de lÂ?histoire de la vie au cours de laquelle naiÌ?t une nouvelle uniteÌ? auto-reÌ?plicante, les reÌ?gles du fonctionnement de la seÌ?lection naturelle changent du tout au tout.
+» LÂ?un des reÌ?sultats fut que, il y a deux ou trois milles ans, les Dieux qui avaient eÌ?teÌ? de simples eÌ?tiquettes pour un stock geÌ?neÌ?tique se deÌ?tacheÌ?rent et acquirent un but diffeÌ?rent.
+Avec St Paul, le nouveau Dieu deÌ?pourvu de geÌ?nes sÂ?est deÌ?ployeÌ? dans le monde entier.
+Il fuÌ?t, avec Bouddha, lÂ?inventeur de la religion transmissible.
+Il se libeÌ?ra de lÂ?ancienne notion selon laquelle un Dieu eÌ?tait un embleÌ?me de lÂ?heÌ?ritage tribal et trancha les liens qui attachaient la diviniteÌ? aux geÌ?nes.
+GraÌ?ce aÌ? Paul, le meÌ?me chreÌ?tien allait rassembler un meÌ?lange incroyable de geÌ?nes.
+Les geÌ?nes grecs et romains aux cheveux fonceÌ?s, les geÌ?nes scandinaves aux yeux bleus et aux cheveux blonds, les geÌ?nes africains aÌ? la peau noire, et meÌ?me quelques geÌ?nes chinois et japonais.
+Des gens dont les heÌ?lices geÌ?neÌ?tiques eÌ?taient totalement diffeÌ?rentes se retrouveÌ?rent unis par un fil commun.
+Ce lien impalpable eÌ?tait un meÌ?me.
+AÌ? lÂ?eÌ?poque de Paul, les croyances devinrent le centre dÂ?inteÌ?reÌ?t de mouvements libeÌ?reÌ?s des attaches geÌ?neÌ?tiques, qui pouvaient balayer la surface de la planeÌ?te, rassemblant des eÌ?tres humains de toutes sortes dans lÂ?eÌ?treinte.
+Car lorsque Paul seÌ?para les geÌ?nes et les Dieux, il libeÌ?ra une force qui allait reÌ?unir des superorganismes aÌ? une eÌ?chelle encore ineÌ?dite dans le monde.
+Il permit au meÌ?me de devenir la plus puissante forme de reÌ?plicateur.
+Deux groupes de sujets humains reçurent des casse-teÌ?te compliqueÌ?s et un travail de correction de texte.
+Les deux groupes devaient mener aÌ? bien ces taÌ?ches avec en fond sonore un grincement irritant.
+Il y avait une diffeÌ?rence majeure entre les deux contingents expeÌ?rimentaux : lÂ?un avait le controÌ?le et lÂ?autre ne lÂ?avait pas.
+Les tables auxquelles eÌ?taient assis les membres de lÂ?un des groupes posseÌ?daient un bouton.
+GraÌ?ce aÌ? ce bouton, les sujets pouvaient eÌ?teindre le maudit bruit.
+Les membres du deuxieÌ?me groupe nÂ?avaient aucun controÌ?le.
+Sans bouton, il ne leur restait plus quÂ?aÌ? grimacer et aÌ? supporter le bruit.
+Les membres du groupe dont les bureaux disposaient dÂ?un bouton de controÌ?le reÌ?ussirent les casse-teÌ?te haut la main et ne firent que quelques erreurs dans leur correction.
+Le groupe qui ne disposait pas dÂ?un bouton de controÌ?le fut minable.
+Ils reÌ?ussirent cinq fois moins de casse-teÌ?te et leurs corrections furent atroces.
+La privation de controÌ?le avait obscurci leur esprit.
+Plus eÌ?trange encore, les membres du groupe qui avait le bouton nÂ?appuyeÌ?rent jamais dessus.
+Ce nÂ?eÌ?tait pas le bruit ou lÂ?absence de bruit qui agissait sur leurs performances, cÂ?eÌ?tait la simple ideÌ?e que sÂ?ils le voulaient, ils pouvaient lÂ?arreÌ?ter.
+CÂ?eÌ?tait lÂ?ideÌ?e du controÌ?le, son meÌ?me.
+Les scheÌ?mas religieux et scientifique, des grappes de conjectures qui ressemblent parfois aux reÌ?ves dÂ?un fou, offrent le sentiment de controÌ?le, un combustible indispensable aux moteurs physiologiques de la vie.
+Le onzieÌ?me sieÌ?cle fut marqueÌ? par une bataille visant aÌ? savoir qui allait deÌ?tenir lÂ?autoriteÌ? supreÌ?me en Europe.
+Les principaux preÌ?tendants eÌ?taient lÂ?empereur du Saint Empire Germanique et le Pape.
+LÂ?empereur, avec des treÌ?sors deÌ?bordants de richesses, commandait des armeÌ?es gigantesques et il pouvait compter sur la loyauteÌ? des nobles qui peuplaient son empire.
+Le Pape avait eÌ?galement ses treÌ?sors et ses armeÌ?es, mais il posseÌ?dait surtout une arme tactique dont aucun empereur ne pourrait jamais disposer : lÂ?illusion du controÌ?le.
+Au cours des deux cents ans qui suivirent le reÌ?gne de Charlemagne, les Empereurs Romains ChreÌ?tiens avaient traiteÌ? les papes avec arrogance.
+Pour monter sur le troÌ?ne papal, un candidat devait obtenir la permission de lÂ?empereur.
+Et pour indiquer clairement son asservissement, le nouveau pape recevait les symboles de son pouvoir des mains de lÂ?empereur au cours dÂ?une ceÌ?reÌ?monie solennelle.
+Cette ceÌ?reÌ?monie veÌ?hiculait le message suivant : au paradis, le pape peut tenir ses pouvoirs de Dieu, mais sur terre, il les reçoit de lÂ?Empereur Romains ChreÌ?tiens.
+En 1073, lÂ?homme qui remporta lÂ?eÌ?lection papale refusa de se plier aÌ? cette proceÌ?dure sans protester.
+Son nom eÌ?tait Hildebrand (connu plus tard sous le nom de Pape GreÌ?goire VII).
+Hildebrand voulait que lÂ?EÌ?glise ne rende de comptes quÂ?aÌ? Dieu lui-meÌ?me.
+En dÂ?autres termes, il tenait absolument aÌ? eÌ?lever le pouvoir de lÂ?EÌ?glise au-dessus de celui de lÂ?Empereur.
+Hildebrand avait la reÌ?putation de ne jamais chercher aÌ? eÌ?viter un bon combat.
+Le nouveau Pape deÌ?buta son reÌ?gne en infligeant une veÌ?ritable gifle aÌ? lÂ?Empereur Henri IV.
+Le souverain pontife ne sÂ?occupa absolument pas dÂ?organiser la ceÌ?reÌ?monie sophistiqueÌ?e au cours de laquelle il accepterait humblement sa couronne des mains de lÂ?Empereur Henri.
+Au lieu de cela, le nouveau Saint PeÌ?re prit tout simplement le troÌ?ne lui-meÌ?me.
+Pui il envoya u message laconique aÌ? lÂ?Empereur pour informer sa majesteÌ? abasourdi de ce fait accompli.
+Deux ans plus tard, le Pape pugnace ajouta des insultes aÌ? la blessure.
+Les dirigeants avaient longtemps beÌ?neÌ?ficieÌ? du privileÌ?ge de nommer les eÌ?veÌ?ques aÌ? lÂ?inteÌ?rieur des frontieÌ?res de leur royaume.
+Hildebrand deÌ?clara que cette pratique cessait immeÌ?diatement.
+DeÌ?sormais, lÂ?EÌ?glise de Rome proceÌ?derait elle-meÌ?me aÌ? ces nominations.
+Cette deÌ?claration eÌ?tait la preuve dÂ?un culot incroyable.
+Dans le nouveau systeÌ?me du Pape Hildebrand, les repreÌ?sentants religieux ne seraient plus des hommes sur la loyauteÌ? et la coopeÌ?ration desquels pourrait compter lÂ?autoriteÌ? seÌ?culieÌ?re.
+Ils ne seraient plus des extensions de la bureaucratie royale.
+Ces personnages locaux puissants seraient presque, au contraire, des agents eÌ?trangers.
+Comme si cela ne suffisait pas, Hildebrand fit tout ce quÂ?il put pour deÌ?fier lÂ?Empereur.
+Il excommunia quelques-uns des plus proches conseillers du souverain.
+Puis il ordonna impeÌ?rieusement que Sa MajesteÌ? vienne aÌ? Rome pour se deÌ?fendre contre des accusations dÂ?inconduite.
+Henri VI ne pouvait en toleÌ?rer plus.
+Il deÌ?cida finalement de montrer au Pape parvenu qui eÌ?tait le patron.
+Henri convoqua un synode de lÂ?EÌ?glise en son territoire, un synode de personnages cleÌ?ricaux qui lui eÌ?taient fideÌ?les.
+Sous lÂ?eÌ?gide dÂ?Henri, les hommes dÂ?EÌ?glise coopeÌ?ratifs deÌ?clareÌ?rent en des termes on ne peut plus clairs que le Pape Hildebrand eÌ?tait deÌ?mis de ses fonctions.
+Puis Henri se calma, croyant avec suffisance quÂ?il avait gagneÌ?. ApreÌ?s tout, comment un eccleÌ?siastique diseur de prieÌ?res pouvait-il faire face aÌ? un souverain qui commandait les plus grandes armeÌ?es dÂ?Europe et pouvait eÌ?craser des nations entieÌ?res par simple caprice ? Mais Henri avait neÌ?gligeÌ? un eÌ?leÌ?ment.
+Le vicaire du JeÌ?sus-Christ deÌ?montra quÂ?il avait le monopole dÂ?une arme quÂ?un simple roi ne pourrait jamais commander.
+Hildebrand excommunia le peuple allemand.
+ImmeÌ?diatement, les citoyens allemands craignant que leur aÌ?me ne soit jeteÌ?e dans les tourments eÌ?ternels, firent pression sur leur souverain au point que celui-ci fut obligeÌ? de se rendre aÌ? Canossa et de rester debout, pieds nus, dans une cour pendant trois jours aÌ? supplier le pontife de lui pardonner.
+Le pape preÌ?tendait avoir le controÌ?le de forces invisibles.
+Il affirmait que ses preÌ?tres avaient un pouvoir sur les portes cacheÌ?es qui menaient aÌ? un paradis et aÌ? un enfer invisibles.
+GraÌ?ce aÌ? cette influence sur un royaume dont lÂ?existence ne peut eÌ?tre prouveÌ?, le pape revendiquait le droit de controÌ?ler lÂ?incontroÌ?lable.
+LÂ?EÌ?glise meÌ?dieÌ?vale gagna de consideÌ?rables sommes dÂ?argent en vendant ses illusions.
+Et les fantasmes que propageaient les confesseurs Â? controÌ?le et espoir Â? eÌ?taient absolument vitaux pour la survie de lÂ?individu.
+Une eÌ?tude de 2832 sujets meneÌ?e par Robert Anda du Centers for Disease Control montre que les adultes deÌ?pourvus dÂ?espoir ont quatre fois plus de risque de mourir de maladie cardiaque.
+LÂ?espoir et le controÌ?le sont donc biologiquement neÌ?cessaires au systeÌ?me immunitaire comme au cerveau.
+LÂ?EÌ?glise affirmait que la vie terrestre serait une courte peÌ?riode de tourments suivie dÂ?une longue peÌ?riode qui compterait infiniment plus : une vie eÌ?ternelle apreÌ?s la mort.
+Seul une personne sur mille, selon lÂ?EÌ?glise, arriveraient jusquÂ?aux portes doreÌ?es du paradis.
+Mais cÂ?eÌ?tait, malgreÌ? tout, un espoir.
+Et il existait des moyens de sÂ?assurer que lÂ?on ferait partie de ceux qui partiraient vers la gloire du paradis : lÂ?on pouvait faire preuve de repentir pour ses peÌ?cheÌ?s, acheter les pardons immuniseraient des conseÌ?quences de ses actes mauvais, prendre part au corps et au sang de JeÌ?sus-Christ aÌ? travers la Communion offerte reÌ?gulieÌ?rement par le preÌ?tre local en lÂ?eÌ?change dÂ?une somme minime, et enfin, faire un peÌ?lerinage.
+Il est facile de comprendre pourquoi les citoyens dÂ?Allemagne ne purent supporter dÂ?eÌ?tre excommunieÌ?s par le pape.
+Il leur interdisait tout espoir, leur retirant brusquement la seule chose qui rendait leur vie toleÌ?rable.
+Pire encore, il les privait du fantasme de controÌ?le, ruse neÌ?cessaire pour pousser le corps aÌ? survivre.
+Nos cultures, en reÌ?aliteÌ?, sont les fantasmes collectifs que nous projetons sur les mondes que nous ne pouvons pas voir.
+Elles sont des tapisseries de meÌ?mes.
+Si vous eÌ?tiez un Sioux il y a cent ans, vous croyiez que des esprits se manifestaient dans les aigles dÂ?un nuage.
+Si vous eÌ?tes un occidental contemporain, vous savez que tout ceci nÂ?est que foutaise.
+Si vous eÌ?tes un traditionnel de la Nouvelle-GuineÌ?e, vous croyez que les anceÌ?tres r^dent autour de votre hutte et dirigent les affaires familiales comme des marionnettistes tirant les ficelles de la santeÌ?, de la richesse et du bonheur.
+Si vous eÌ?tes chreÌ?tien, vous pensez quÂ?en dehors de quelques fantoÌ?mes qui hantent une maison dÂ?Ottawa, les anceÌ?tres ont tous eu la bonne graÌ?ce de partir peu de temps apreÌ?s leur deÌ?ceÌ?s.
+DÂ?un autre coÌ?teÌ?, si vous eÌ?tes chreÌ?tien, vous croyez quÂ?un homme qui a rendu lÂ?aÌ?me sur une croix il y a deux mille ans eÌ?tait le fils dÂ?un EÌ?tre immense et immortel qui plane quelque part au-dessus du ciel visible, et quÂ?un jour ou lÂ?autre cette aÌ?me partie depuis longtemps reviendra sur terre et inaugurera un tout nouvel ordre des choses.
+Si vous eÌ?tes bouddhistes, vous savez avec certitude absolue que cela est une pure creÌ?ation de lÂ?imagination chreÌ?tienne.
+Nous sommes aujourdÂ?hui nombreux aÌ? eÌ?tre convaincus que nous sommes au-dessus dÂ?une croyance en des forces invisibles qui façonnent silencieusement notre destin.
+Mais le sommes-nous vraiment ? Nos croyances en des puissances invisibles modeÌ?lent notre comportement aussi suÌ?rement que la certitude que lÂ?esprit dÂ?un anceÌ?tre r^de dans le coin de leur hutte influence les habitudes des habitants traditionnels de Nouvelle-GuineÌ?e.
+Vous avez vu des gens tousser et renifler, mais avez-vous deÌ?jaÌ? vue un germe ? Seuls les gardiens de notre monde invisible, les scientifiques, les ont repeÌ?reÌ?s.
+Pourtant vous prendrez suÌ?rement de nombreuses deÌ?cisions lieÌ?es aÌ? lÂ?hygieÌ?ne en fonction de ces micro-organismes et de ces minimonstres que vous nÂ?avez jamais vus.
+Vous eÌ?vitez probablement le cholesteÌ?rol, mais en avez-vous deÌ?jaÌ? aperçu ? Pour ceux qui nÂ?utilisent pas un microscope, cÂ?est une force aussi eÌ?theÌ?reÌ?e que les esprits chevauchant les nuages des Indiens dÂ?AmeÌ?riqueÂ? Mal guideÌ?s, nous treÌ?buchons sur la route de lÂ?invisible, nous cognant parfois gravement.
+CreÌ?er des images du monde invisible est la meÌ?thode que nous, eÌ?tres humains, utilisons pour essayer de controÌ?ler le monde que nous voyons.
+Par exemple, les Indiens adorent une diviniteÌ? invisible : la deÌ?esse vache.
+Par conseÌ?quent, les vaches mangent et les Indiens meurent de faim.
+Nous sommes abasourdis.
+Pourquoi les Indiens affameÌ?s ne deÌ?coupent-ils pas une partie du beÌ?tail qui erre nonchalamment dans les rues pour engloutir un hamburger ? LÂ?anthropologue Marvin Harris a deÌ?montreÌ? que si les Indiens tuaient leurs vaches et les jetaient entre les deux tranches de pain dÂ?un Big Mac, ils seraient encore plus nombreux aÌ? mourir de faim.
+Harris explique que les Indiens survivent en utilisant la bouse de vache comme combustible, leur force de traction pour tirer les charrues et leur lait pour nourrir les enfants.
+Tuer les vaches rendrait lÂ?agriculture impossible, le chauffage inexistant et le lait introuvable.
+LÂ?adoration de la vache sacreÌ?e fonctionne parce quÂ?elle maintient en vie les creÌ?atures sur lesquelles est baseÌ?e lÂ?eÌ?conomie indienne.
+Chaque meÌ?me responsable de la formation de lÂ?univers est un outil qui reÌ?sout un probleÌ?me, nous permet de maiÌ?triser des dilemmes quÂ?un chien, un chat ou un canari a beaucoup plus de mal aÌ? reÌ?soudre.
+Les animaux et les eÌ?tres humains se retrouvent tous face aÌ? un monde ouÌ? la majeure partie de ce qui deÌ?termine leur destin leur est invisible aÌ? un moment preÌ?cis.
+Pour un singe dans une clairieÌ?re, la nourriture est hors de vue.
+Souvent, les maÌ?les avec lesquels il lutte et les femelles pour lesquelles il lutte le sont aussi.
+Il se bat eÌ?galement pour engendrer des petits qui nÂ?existent pas encore.
+Les preÌ?dateurs qui peuvent mettre un terme aÌ? sa vie sont eÌ?galement dissimuleÌ?s aÌ? sa vue.
+Mais il doit faire face aÌ? tout cela afin de transmettre ses geÌ?nes aÌ? la geÌ?neÌ?ration suivante.
+Pour un homme qui va travailler, la plupart des choses qui lÂ?affectent ne sont absolument pas visibles.
+Sa femme, ses enfants, son patron, ses concurrents au bureau, les magasins qui lui fournissent de la nourriture et des veÌ?tements sont tous, pour le moment, visibles, uniquement dans son imagination.
+Mais il doit mesurer ces facteurs aÌ? chaque instant pour survivre.
+LorsquÂ?il est dans une voiture au ralentie par la circulation, il a conscience de son travail, de son objectif, du salaire qui ne tombera pas avant vendredi, de la dispute que sa femme et lui auront peut-eÌ?tre lorsquÂ?il rentrera chez lui.
+Et il doit faire des preÌ?dictions.
+Dans quelle pile de papiers devra-t-il se plonger sÂ?il veut finir aÌ? temps le rapport aÌ? terminer avant la fin de sa journeÌ?e ? Combien peut-il deÌ?penser pour sÂ?offrir un nouveau costume sÂ?il deÌ?cide dÂ?emmener sa famille aÌ? HawaiÌ? pour les vacances ? Que devra-t-il dire aÌ? sa femme lorsquÂ?il reviendra chez lui pour la mettre de bonne humeur ? Que devra-t-il eÌ?viter de dire sÂ?il veut eÌ?viter une dispute ? MeÌ?me les animaux ont besoin de pouvoirs de preÌ?dications.
+Pour lire dans lÂ?avenir, de simples creÌ?atures comme la grenouille ont un modeÌ?le preÌ?-inteÌ?greÌ? du monde.
+La grenouille est doteÌ?e de lignes de deÌ?clanchement neuronales entre son Â?il, les processeurs visuels de son cerveau et sa langue.
+Ces cellules nerveuses sont conçues pour suivre un certain nombre dÂ?instruction simples : objet se mouvant par aÌ?-coups, darder sa langue ; objet immobile, ne rien faire.
+Cela fonctionne, et la grenouille se procure de la nourriture.
+Ses nerfs renferment un modeÌ?le de la planeÌ?te dans lequel les objets qui volettent aux alentours sont geÌ?neÌ?ralement deÌ?licieux.
+Mais chez la grenouille, cette image preÌ?conçue du monde ne change pas au greÌ? des circonstances.
+PreÌ?sentez aÌ? une grenouille affameÌ?e une moche immobiliseÌ?e, et elle nÂ?y touchera pas.
+Son portrait inteÌ?greÌ? de lÂ?univers lui dit que seuls les objets qui volent autour dÂ?elle sont mangeables.
+Si une grenouille captive survit assez longtemps en ignorant les aliments immobiles qui lui sont offerts, les failles de son modeÌ?le rigide du monde pourraient la tuer.
+Comme la grenouille, les humains posseÌ?dent aussi un portrait de lÂ?univers inteÌ?greÌ?. Nos cerveaux sont des machines aÌ? dessiner des images.
+Chaque culture a une vision du monde et non pas un ensemble algeÌ?brique de calcul cosmiques.
+Les ChreÌ?tiens non eÌ?duqueÌ?s du Moyen-AÌ?ge deÌ?crivaient la terre comme un disque plat qui se terminait quelque part au-delaÌ? de lÂ?horizon dÂ?eau.
+Ils preÌ?disaient que les petits bateaux qui naviguaient trop loin du rivage de lÂ?Atlantique ne reviendraient plus jamais.
+Les intellectuels de la Renaissance, par contre, raviveÌ?rent lÂ?ancienne image grecque de la surface terrestre spheÌ?rique.
+Pour Christophe Colomb, cela signifiait quÂ?il pourrait naviguer dans le couchant occidental et eÌ?merger avec le lever du soleil sur la face orientale de la terre.
+LÂ?optimisme de Colomb se basait sur un portrait dÂ?un bas-ventre de la planeÌ?te que les EuropeÌ?ens nÂ?avaient jamais vue, une image de lÂ?invisible.
+Les geÌ?nes sont la forme de reÌ?plicateur qui domine le marathon de lÂ?eÌ?volution depuis preÌ?s de trois milliards dÂ?anneÌ?es.
+Mais au cours du dernier battement de paupieÌ?res des temps geÌ?ologiques, ces brins de nucleÌ?otides ont eÌ?teÌ? distanceÌ?s par les organisateurs immateÌ?riels appeleÌ?s meÌ?mes.
+Parmi les meÌ?mes les plus puissants se trouvent les visions des choses invisibles.
+Comme les geÌ?nes, les meÌ?mes nÂ?opeÌ?rent pas en solo, mais sÂ?imbriquent dans les mosaiÌ?ques qui forment les visions du monde.
+La vision du monde propre aÌ? une culture est geÌ?neÌ?ralement un vaste reÌ?seau de meÌ?taphores commençant avec la creÌ?ation de lÂ?univers, et destineÌ? aÌ? reÌ?pondre aÌ? tous les mysteÌ?res de la vie.
+Ce diagramme du cosmos est un outil avec lequel nous fouillons le cÂ?ur de notre environnement, un outil qui creÌ?e dÂ?eÌ?tranges produits deÌ?riveÌ?s.
+Il offre une illusion de controÌ?le, lÂ?illusion qui transforme notre systeÌ?me immunitaire et notre esprit.
+La vision du monde confeÌ?re aussi le pouvoir aÌ? ceux qui proclament en eÌ?tre les gardiens : les sorciers, les meÌ?decins, les scientifiques et les preÌ?tres.
+Elle permet aux puissants de rassembler un organisme social.
+Pourtant, lÂ?image de lÂ?univers visible propre aÌ? une culture, son groupe de meÌ?mes doteÌ? dÂ?une force unificatrice, accomplit autre chose.
+MeÌ?me si elle est cribleÌ?e dÂ?erreurs bizarres et dÂ?imagerie risible, une vision de lÂ?invisible produit de petits fragments de reÌ?elle maiÌ?trise.
+Les images du monde invisible permirent aÌ? lÂ?EÌ?glise meÌ?dieÌ?vale de deÌ?fier lÂ?Empire EuropeÌ?en, aux Indiens dÂ?avoir une eÌ?conomie prospeÌ?re et aÌ? Colomb de traverser lÂ?OceÌ?an.
+Les travaux du professeur Van LOMMEL, cardiologue aÌ? l'hoÌ?pital Rijnstate ( Arnheim Pays Bas) publieÌ?s dans la revue "The Lancet" permettent d'en savoir un peu plus sur les NDE.
+Les teÌ?moignages des patients ayant veÌ?cu une NDE ont eÌ?teÌ? analyseÌ?s et il ressort clairement que certains d'entre eux ont eÌ?teÌ? capables de deÌ?crire avec preÌ?cision le deÌ?roulement de leur opeÌ?ration chirurgicale alors qu'ils eÌ?taient inconscients avec EEG plat.
+Ils deÌ?clarent avoir assisteÌ? aÌ? l'opeÌ?ration depuis un point situeÌ? hors de leur corps aÌ? la hauteur du plafond de la salle d'opeÌ?ration.
+Ils donnent des deÌ?tails sur la manieÌ?re dont s'est deÌ?rouleÌ?e l'opeÌ?ration et deÌ?crivent avec preÌ?cision le mateÌ?riel chirurgical employeÌ? (en donnant meÌ?me parfois la marque des appareils utiliseÌ?s.
+Ils deÌ?clarent aussi parfois avoir traverseÌ? le plafond sans aucune difficulteÌ? et deÌ?crivent la disposition des eÌ?tages supeÌ?rieurs.
+C'est le cas pour une patiente (Christiane) qui deÌ?clare : " J'ai glisseÌ?e hors de moi lateÌ?ralement puis je suis remonteÌ?e le long de la paroi de la pieÌ?ce jusqu'aÌ? atteindre le plafond.
+J'ai regardeÌ? en bas et j'ai vu mon corps et trois personnes en blouse blanche qui s'activaient " "Je me suis approcheÌ?e encore plus du plafond et hop ! je suis passeÌ?e au travers sans difficulteÌ? et je me suis retrouveÌ?e aÌ? l'eÌ?tage supeÌ?rieur (aÌ? l'horizontal) dans un couloir treÌ?s sombre" Nous avions relateÌ? par le passeÌ? dans la revue "Microscope" ce genre de teÌ?moignages.
+Contrairement aÌ? ce que preÌ?supposent certains scientifiques, il y a bien ici une forme d'exteÌ?riorisation de la conscience.
+Certains teÌ?moignages sont suffisamment preÌ?cis pour que le doute ne soit plus permis.
+2 Le professeur Jean-Pol TASSIN du laboratoire de neuropharmacologie du colleÌ?ge de France fait preuve d'une grande leÌ?geÌ?reteÌ? en deÌ?clarant que tout est assez facilement explicable par le fait que le cerveau restituerait au moment du reÌ?veil toutes les informations que le patient aurait capteÌ?es lors de micro reÌ?veils.
+C'est-aÌ?-dire des bribes d'informations eÌ?changeÌ?es par l'eÌ?quipe soignante, des visions fugitives d'objets ou de lieux.
+En bref, le patient attrapperait ces informations au vol lors de micro reÌ?veils (pendant que l'EEG est plat ) et les restituerait de manieÌ?re "pseudo-coheÌ?rente" au reÌ?veil.
+Le professeur TASSIN n'a manifestement pas eÌ?tudieÌ? le dossier des NDE car les deÌ?clarations de certains patients (concernant la deÌ?localisation de la conscience qui se retrouve aÌ? l'exteÌ?rieur du corps) sont claires, nettes et sans appel.
+Depuis plus de dix ans, Casar n'a cesseÌ? de s'offusquer du manque de rigueur et de seÌ?rieux de ces scientifiques qui n'ont manifestement pas eÌ?tudieÌ? les cas de beaucoup de patients donnant des informations concreÌ?tes allant dans ce sens ; informations que personne ne connaiÌ?t, ni au sein de l'eÌ?quipe soignante, ni par les eÌ?quipes de secours, ni par la famille proche qui assiste aÌ? l'intervention chirurgicale.
+La vue aÌ? 360° depuis le haut de la pieÌ?ce demande une explication plus coheÌ?rente et reÌ?aliste que les sornettes embrouilleÌ?es du Professeur TASSIN treÌ?s faciles aÌ? deÌ?molir.
+Surtout que certains patients en perte de connaissance ne se contentent pas de deÌ?crire les eÌ?veÌ?nements qui se passent dans la salle d'opeÌ?ration, ils deÌ?crivent AUSSI avec preÌ?cision les locaux attenants, aussi bien au rez de chausseÌ?e qu'au premier eÌ?tage et meÌ?me les locaux contiguÌ?s mitoyens de l'hoÌ?pital.
+3 Nous nous eÌ?levons en faux contre les arguments de la psychologue britannique Susan BLACKMORE qui donne une explication rationnelle simpliste aux NDE.
+Ses deÌ?clarations sont scandaleuses car personne aÌ? l'heure actuelle ne peut affirmer : " Nous savons dans le deÌ?tail comment toutes les eÌ?tapes de l'EMI sont reÌ?aliseÌ?es et rien dans les expeÌ?riences qui sont meneÌ?es ne suggeÌ?re qu'autre chose se deÌ?roule."
+Quel culot ! quelle tristesse, quel manque de rigueur scientifique de voir ici des sceptiques rationalistes bon teint affirmer comme ils en ont l'habitude aÌ? chaque fois qu'on parle de paranormaliteÌ? : " Circulez, il n'y a rien aÌ? voir !" Ces personnes sont les premieÌ?res aÌ? exiger des preuves et de la rigueur quand elles se confrontent aux chercheurs "marginaux" travaillant sur ces questions paranormales en apparence.
+Mais elles eÌ?vitent bien de s'appliquer aÌ? elles-meÌ?mes ces principes tout en faisant preuve d'une leÌ?geÌ?reteÌ? eÌ?poustouflante.
+Pourtant, des teÌ?moignages preÌ?cis et concordants attestent clairement la vision par le patient inconscient des lieux et de l'environnement immeÌ?diat depuis un angle de vision situeÌ? en hauteur QUE PERSONNE dans l'entourage immeÌ?diat n'est senseÌ? connaiÌ?tre.
+Par quel mysteÌ?re le patient aurait-il une description preÌ?cise du contenu des locaux voisins attenant aÌ? la salle d'opeÌ?ration ? L'aexplication simpliste que donne Susan BLACKMORE est ridicule.
+Elle voudrait nous faire admettre que les deÌ?clarations des patients reÌ?sulteraient : -D'informations capteÌ?es lors de micro reÌ?veils par les sens pendant l'EEG ? -De connaissances preÌ?alables -De reÌ?ves ou des fantasmes -De deÌ?ductions a posteriori Le tout permettant d'eÌ?chafauder une histoire coheÌ?rente.
+Casar s'est toujours offusqueÌ? de ce genre de deÌ?clarations peÌ?remptoires car beaucoup d'eÌ?leÌ?ments inconnus des rationalistes convergent vers l'explication de l'existence d'une conscience exteÌ?rieure au corps physique.
+4 Casar sÂ?est toujours emporteÌ? sur cette question de la conscience qui semble bien exteÌ?rieure au corps vis aÌ? vis des deÌ?clarations faites par des journalistes irresponsables qui deÌ?clarent tout de go que cÂ?est le stress du cerveau qui induirait lÂ?invention de sceÌ?narios plus ou moins coheÌ?rents (voir les " Microscopes " eÌ?diteÌ?s il y a une dizaine dÂ?anneÌ?es qui reÌ?pondaient aÌ? Jean-François Held du Figaro sur cette question).
+Nos investigations ne cherchent pas aÌ? deÌ?molir lÂ?ensemble des arguments avanceÌ?s mais uniquement aÌ? stigmatiser lÂ?incompleÌ?tude, " lÂ?oubli " qui nous semble une occultation volontaire de la vue sans les yeux.
+Quand on connaiÌ?t lÂ?incidence quÂ?aurait la preuve de lÂ?existence de la vue sans les yeux vis aÌ? vis des nombreux dossiers paranormaux, nous ne sommes pas eÌ?tonneÌ?s de l'entourloupette que cherche aÌ? faire ici Susan Blackmore et ses adeptes, les scientifiques " hors de tout soupçon ". Quand nous disons entourloupette, ce serait plutoÌ?t une cachotterie lourde de conseÌ?quences.
+Un oubli de cette taille est vraiment aÌ? mettre sur le dos de lÂ?irresponsabiliteÌ? et de lÂ?incompeÌ?tence.
+Heureusement que le Docteur Sam PARNIA de lÂ?UniversiteÌ? de Southampton (G.B), beaucoup plus rigoureux, a deÌ?cideÌ? de placer des cibles dans la salle dÂ?opeÌ?ration, que seule une entiteÌ? sÂ?eÌ?levant au dessus du bloc opeÌ?ratoire pourrait apercevoir.
+Nous ne pouvons que lui conseiller de placer aussi des cibles dans les locaux annexes de la salle dÂ?opeÌ?ration, dans les eÌ?tages supeÌ?rieurs et aussi sur le toit de lÂ?immeuble de lÂ?hoÌ?pital.
+5 Le teÌ?moignage de J.M (p 52) doit eÌ?tre pris treÌ?s au seÌ?rieux et ne pas eÌ?tre jeteÌ? comme quantiteÌ? neÌ?gligeable par des chercheurs qui devraient prendre en compte les reÌ?aliteÌ?s tangibles de teÌ?moignages : " JÂ?ai eu envie dÂ?aller contre le mur.
+Il ne reÌ?sistait pas et je lÂ?ai traverseÌ?. JÂ?ai vu ce quÂ?il y avait de lÂ?autre coÌ?teÌ? : un immense jardin, un garage aÌ? veÌ?los.
+Les deÌ?tails de ma vision narreÌ?e au chirurgien se sont aveÌ?reÌ?s exacts.
+" Pour notre part, nous avons collecteÌ? dÂ?anciens teÌ?moignages confirmant magistralement cette vision panoramique de lÂ?environnement qui sÂ?eÌ?tend aux locaux annexes alors que les patients nÂ?ont pas eu lÂ?occasion de les visiter.
+Lors dÂ?une opeÌ?ration, un patient a meÌ?me deÌ?clareÌ? avoir traverseÌ? le toit de lÂ?hoÌ?pital et avoir alors remarqueÌ? une chaussure, de type basket, dans la gouttieÌ?re.
+ApreÌ?s son reÌ?veil, une eÌ?chelle a eÌ?teÌ? mise sur le toit et la chaussure a eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?cupeÌ?reÌ?e.
+Une femme aveugle a eu lÂ?occasion de prouver lÂ?existence de la vue sans les yeux.
+Comment aurait-elle pu faire autrement ? Elle a donneÌ? la couleur rouge du pull dÂ?une cousine qui eÌ?tait dans la salle dÂ?attente de lÂ?hoÌ?pital au moment de la perte de conscience (alors que lÂ?E.E.G eÌ?tait plat ). Que voulez-vous de mieux pour creÌ?dibiliser la vue sans les yeux que les dossiers de lÂ?hypnose (ou somnambulisme) de lÂ?affaire Pigeaire relateÌ?e par Bertrand Meheust et autres dossiers paranormaux majeurs sur lesquels nous allons revenir ? 6 La question que nous voudrions poser aÌ? Madame Blackmore est la suivante : " La chaussure deÌ?couverte pendant lÂ?opeÌ?ration dans la gouttieÌ?re du toit de lÂ?hoÌ?pital est-elle une connaissance preÌ?alable, un reÌ?ve, un fantasme ou une connaissance a posteriori ? " Le moins quÂ?on puisse dire cÂ?est que les explications du Pr Tassin comme de Mme Blackmore laissent de coÌ?teÌ? la question de la deÌ?localisation de la conscience alors que ce point est dÂ?une importante capitale pour ouvrir la recherche sur une mult
itude de dossiers se situant aÌ? la frontieÌ?re de la science officielle mais qui restent malgreÌ? cela du domaine de la psychologie Les recherches sur le fonctionnement du cerveau sont ici pleinement concerneÌ?es et cÂ?est pourquoi les reÌ?ticences de ces scientifiques aÌ? prendre en compte la deÌ?localisation de la conscience deÌ?montrent une eÌ?troitesse dÂ?esprit peu commune.
+Celle-ci est lieÌ?e au manque dÂ?informations des gens speÌ?cialiseÌ?s qui nÂ?ont manifestement pas connaissance des dossiers paranormaux et de lÂ?acharnement avec lequel les parapsychologues sÂ?eÌ?vertuent aÌ? deÌ?montrer lÂ?existence de pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes qui eux aussi sont en relation avec la deÌ?localisation de la conscience.
+Avec la reÌ?ussite des expeÌ?riences meneÌ?es par le Docteur PARNIA (p 50), ce dont nous ne doutons pas une seconde, nous entrerons de plein pied dans la reÌ?aliteÌ? scientifique de la vue sans les yeux.
+7 Nous ferons donc un grand pas en avant vers la preuve de la deÌ?localisation de la conscience qui aura un retentissement eÌ?norme dans les spheÌ?res de la recherche autant en psychologie que dans dÂ?autres secteurs treÌ?s seÌ?rieux de la recherche officielle.
+Ce sera une veÌ?ritable bombe qui reÌ?volutionnera de nombreux domaines.
+MickaeÌ?l SABOM et Karl JANSEN ont deÌ?jaÌ? franchi le pas en se rangeant du coÌ?teÌ? des gens qui admettent lÂ?existence de lÂ?aÌ?me.
+MeÌ?me si nous nÂ?en sommes pas encore laÌ?, le moment est venu de se poser la question des capaciteÌ?s cacheÌ?es du cerveau humain qui dispose de moyens insoupçonneÌ?s pour acqueÌ?rir de lÂ?information indeÌ?pendamment de ses cinq sens.
+QuÂ?il soit question dÂ?hypnose ou de deÌ?corporation, il semble eÌ?vident que le sujet en cause converse avec son cerveau en le consideÌ?rant comme une entiteÌ? aÌ? part entieÌ?re.
+La reÌ?ussite de lÂ?expeÌ?rience de PARNIA devrait ouvrir les vannes permettant aÌ? certains dossiers sensibles de la parapsychologie de prendre leur lettre de noblesse.
+Tout en calmant les ardeurs leÌ?gendaires des sceptiques qui se bouchent les oreilles pour affirmer que rien dÂ?extraordinaire nÂ?existe mis aÌ? part les zozoteÌ?riques farfelus qui deÌ?rangent la recherche officielle avec des fadaises.
+Il y aura meÌ?me suffisamment dÂ?eÌ?leÌ?ments pour se moquer des parapsychologues timides qui se limitent aÌ? reÌ?peÌ?ter indeÌ?finiment des essais de teÌ?leÌ?pathie sur des gens qui nÂ?ont aucune disposition pour cela.
+Ici, avec les N.D.E, les sujets dÂ?expeÌ?rience donneront une reÌ?ponse limpide qui ne sera pas sujette aÌ? caution.
+8 Les journalistes de "Sciences et Avenir", Elena SENDER et HerveÌ? RATEL deÌ?clarent aÌ? juste titre: " Tout repose sur les teÌ?moignages dont la force de conviction ont de quoi distiller le doute dans les plus carteÌ?siens des esprits" Ici, le terme "doute" est un peu faible car la veÌ?rification de la vue sans les yeux est aÌ? porteÌ?e de main pour les chirurgiens qui disposent d'un pourcentage non neÌ?gligeable de sujets susceptibles de faire une NDE.
+La deÌ?corporation semble survenir assez souvent pour que des variations indiscutables concernant la vue sans les yeux sur des cibles (hors champ et hors immeuble) puissent se faire.
+Nous parlons ici de veÌ?rifications scientifiquement hors de tout soupçon.
+Ce sera laÌ? enfin un point preÌ?cieux, une eÌ?tape importante qui meÌ?ne aÌ? la preuve de l'exteÌ?riorisation de la conscience.
+Le patient aÌ? son reÌ?veil ne se limite pas aÌ? deÌ?crire les cibles dans la salle d'opeÌ?ration, il deÌ?clare aussi traverser aÌ? volonteÌ? murs, cloisons parois et toitures aussi.
+Il donne des deÌ?tails indiscutables sur des cibles exteÌ?rieures au local.
+La manieÌ?re dont il deÌ?crit le passage au travers des murs ou autres parois est inteÌ?ressante car il est question d'une forme de transmateÌ?rialiteÌ? tendant aÌ? prouver que la conscience est sous une forme invisible non mateÌ?rielle.
+Si elle eÌ?tait sous forme ondulatoire comme nous le preÌ?conisons depuis des anneÌ?es, cela cadrerait assez bien ici.
+Ces eÌ?leÌ?ments en partie veÌ?rifieÌ?s seraient tout de meÌ?me une avanceÌ?e inteÌ?ressante pour les psychologues (et meÌ?decins) qui auraient beaucoup d' inteÌ?reÌ?t aÌ? inteÌ?grer cette notion de conscience "voyageuse" (deÌ?localisable ) dans leurs recherches pour soigner les maladies psychiques.
+Les speÌ?cialistes du sommeil auraient aussi beaucoup d'inteÌ?reÌ?t aÌ? connaiÌ?tre l'existence reÌ?elle de cette "bizarrerie" de dysfonctionnement du cerveau.
+La voie serait ici ouverte pour mieux comprendre certaines maladies impliquant des deÌ?doublements de personnaliteÌ? comme les psychoses et les hysteÌ?ries.
+9 Selon Van LOMMEL les EMI se produisent souvent aÌ? la suite d'accidents violents (voiture, moto, arreÌ?t cardiaque).
+Il serait important que les scientifiques compleÌ?tent leurs connaissances sur les NDE en acceptant d'eÌ?tudier aussi quelques dossiers annexes.
+Il devraient pour une fois faire amende honorable et cesser de prendre les ouvrages paranormaux (contenant des teÌ?moignages utiles ) pour des digressions de deÌ?biles mentaux.
+S'ils s'abaissaient aÌ? lire l'ouvrage 192/Â?(de notre bibliotheÌ?que) par exemple, ils pourraient lire aÌ? la page 86 la deÌ?claration suivante de Matthew Manning : "Je me trouvais comme dans un reÌ?ve eÌ?veilleÌ?. Je me souviens d'un moment ouÌ? j'eÌ?tais au dessus de mon corps si bien que je me voyais moi meÌ?me nettement.
+Me concentrant sur notre demeure familiale, j'ai aperçu la façade arrieÌ?re de la maison avec ma meÌ?re dans la cuisine qui faisait la vaisselle.
+Les faits se sont aveÌ?reÌ?s exacts apreÌ?s coup."
+Il est assez difficile ici de traiter Manning d'imposteur car c'est un jeune meÌ?dium ne connaissant rien aux NDE.
+Il est preÌ?senteÌ? par Georges OWEN (professeur d'universiteÌ? de grand renom dont la rigueur est au dessus de tous soupçons) comme une personne sinceÌ?re: "Je crois que ce qu'a eÌ?crit Manning est vrai; ceci en deÌ?pit de la nature extraordinaire de certains pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes.
+Les teÌ?moins des pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes aÌ? incidence mateÌ?rielle eÌ?taient trop nombreux pour qu'il y ait le moindre doute" Pour revenir aÌ? la notion de conscience deÌ?localiseÌ?e, les scientifiques rigoureux faisant des recherches sur les NDE devraient aussi accepter de se concerter avec les chercheurs marginaux qui leur ameÌ?nent des eÌ?leÌ?ments important d'eÌ?valuation.
+10 Ces scientifiques auraient pu lire aÌ? la page 049/138 une information capitale relieÌ?e directement au dossier des NDE.
+Il semblerait que meÌ?me apreÌ?s sa mort l'eÌ?tre humain utiliserait ENCORE sa conscience pour chercher aÌ? communiquer avec les vivants.
+Sans allez jusqu'aÌ? speÌ?culer sur la dureÌ?e de l'existence de celle-ci apreÌ?s la mort, il est ici assez clair que dans les jours qui suivent la mort, la conscience a des possibiliteÌ?s qui nous eÌ?chappent compleÌ?tement.
+D'ouÌ? l'inteÌ?reÌ?t de faire un premier pas significatif au travers des expeÌ?riences du Professeur Parnia en salle d'opeÌ?ration (ou de reÌ?animation).
+Voici encore une transcription eÌ?difiante de Matthew Manning : "En deÌ?cembre 197, je reçu un message par eÌ?criture automatique qui eÌ?tait un appel particulieÌ?rement eÌ?mouvant d'un petit garçon qui avait eÌ?teÌ? tueÌ? sur le coup, renverseÌ? par une voiture aÌ? quelques meÌ?tres de notre maison.
+Sa meÌ?re ayant commis l'erreur de le laisser seul pour rentrer de l'eÌ?cole.
+"Dites aÌ? maman eÌ?crivait-il (en s'appliquant de son eÌ?criture heÌ?sitante et maladroite) que je vais bien mais que je n'ai plus mes dents de devant parce que la voiture les a fait tomber" Je n'avais pas essayeÌ? de communiquer avec cet enfant; son message s'est preÌ?senteÌ? inseÌ?reÌ? entre deux autres alors que je m'exerçais ce jour-laÌ? aÌ? l'eÌ?criture automatique."
+Ceci donne une petite ideÌ?e des ouvertures vers le paranormal qui seront possibles quand nous maiÌ?triserons les moyens de mieux comprendre ces pheÌ?nomeÌ?nes ahurissants au travers des timides travaux de PARNIA que la plupart des scientifiques sous-estiment lourdement.
+La reÌ?habilitation des grands meÌ?diums (malgreÌ? eux) comme Manning ou Pantel est aÌ? ce prix.
+Beaucoup ont eÌ?teÌ? traiÌ?neÌ?s dans la boue par des accusations infondeÌ?es et les irresponsables de ces diffamations honteuses auront aÌ? rendre des comptes aÌ? l'histoire.
+11 Il est inteÌ?ressant de noter la convergence eÌ?tonnante des deÌ?clarations des sujets ayant veÌ?cu une NDE avec plusieurs dossiers paranormaux en rapport avec l'exteÌ?riorisation de la conscience.
+Il faudrait eÌ?tre inconscient (c'est le cas de le dire) pour ne pas voir la convergence massive entre dossiers normaux et paranormaux.
+Prenons aÌ? titre d'exemple la page 251/142 ouÌ? Pierre DACO deÌ?clare que la manifestation la plus courante de l'hysteÌ?rie est le somnambulisme (ce ne sont pas des charlatans du paranormal qui le disent, car ce sont les conclusions des travaux du Professeur JANET ). Il y a dans ces cas de maladie psychique absence de conscience : "Le sujet suit aveuglement (c'est le cas de le dire) les ordres donneÌ?s par son reÌ?ve".
+DACO aurait mieux fait de dire que le sujet n'utilise pas ses yeux (qui sont fermeÌ?s la plupart du temps) mais dispose manifestement d'une vue sans les yeux . Il y a bien une vue inconsciente exteÌ?rieure au sujet car le reÌ?ve dont parle DACO correspond bien avec la reÌ?aliteÌ?. Le sujet eÌ?volue dans son milieu sans la moindre heÌ?sitation, sans meÌ?me manifester de vertige quand il se deÌ?place en hauteur avec une agiliteÌ? peu commune.
+Il y a bien laÌ? une conscience exteÌ?rieure qui "teÌ?leÌ?commande" le sujet.
+Qui dirige les opeÌ?rations si ce n'est pas une forme de conscience qui se trouve obligatoirement aÌ? l'exteÌ?rieur du corps du malade.
+Le somnambulisme des hysteÌ?riques eÌ?tudieÌ? par JANET et CHARCOT rejoint curieusement les expeÌ?riences dont parle Bertrand MEHEUST dans son ouvrage "Somnambulisme & MeÌ?diumniteÌ?" I et II, eÌ?d.
+Les EmpeÌ?cheurs de Penser en Rond."
+Les vrais reÌ?sultats de l'expeÌ?rience sur la fille PIGEAIRE sous controÌ?le scientifique faite au deÌ?but du sieÌ?cle ont eÌ?teÌ? "maquilleÌ?s" afin de faire croire au petit peuple que la vue sans les yeux n'existait pas.
+Il faut remercier Bertrand Meheust d'avoir exhumer de l'histoire des sciences ce dossier deÌ?shonorant pour les personnaliteÌ?s ayant donneÌ? les reÌ?sultats (Il serait temps de reÌ?habiliter la famille Pigeaire).
+Pour enfoncer le clou, un ouvrage inteÌ?ressant vient de sortir : "Des savants face aÌ? l'occulte", il remet les pendules aÌ? l'heure sur les erreurs du passeÌ? faites par les rationalistes : Christine Blondel et ? eÌ?ditions "La deÌ?couverte" 2002.
+Les deux co-auteurs de l'ouvrage sont assez gourdes car elles ne maiÌ?trisent manifestement pas bien la totaliteÌ? des dossiers paranormaux ; elles peÌ?chent par omission involontaire mais de toute manieÌ?re elles apportent de l'eau au moulin de Meheust.
+Ceci est important pour nous.
+Le plus amusant pour parfaire cette deÌ?monstration c'est que l'hysteÌ?rie manifeste AUSSI des cas de deÌ?doublement de personnaliteÌ?. Ceci est donc bien une histoire de dysfonctionnement ceÌ?reÌ?bral lieÌ? aÌ? la conscience.
+Pour certains c'est l'absence de conscience et pour d'autre c'est le trop plein de consciences.
+Des cas de consciences multiples allant jusqu'aÌ? une bonne quinzaine de personnaliteÌ?s diffeÌ?rentes ont eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?couverts.
+Les consciences diverses dorment, tapies dans les circonvolutions du cerveau et s'expriment aÌ? tour de roÌ?le quand les circonstances le permettent.
+Le basculement de l'une aÌ? l'autre se faisant souvent aÌ? l'occasion d'une grande eÌ?motion.
+Les travaux sur l'hypnose ne font que confirmer merveilleusement bien la possibiliteÌ? de la deÌ?localisation de la conscience.
+12 Dans le cas des reÌ?incarnations l'existence d'une conscience active autonome et invisible doit eÌ?tre prise en compte par les physiciens.
+Exemple tireÌ? dÂ?une enqueÌ?te faite par le professeur dÂ?universiteÌ? hors de tout soupçon de charlatanisme Yan Stephenson : " Une personne deÌ?ceÌ?deÌ?e (de mort violente) depuis deux ans senseÌ?e eÌ?tre la reÌ?incarnation d'un enfant qui deÌ?clare eÌ?tre resteÌ? (apreÌ?s sa mort) deux ans dans un arbre dans la cour de la proprieÌ?teÌ? familiale.
+Elle observait la vie de ses proches depuis son perchoir et donne tous les deÌ?tails de la vie de sa famille quÂ?elle a observeÌ?e durant les deux ans qui suivirent sa mort.
+L'aa enfant neÌ? dans un village eÌ?loigneÌ? raconte en deÌ?tail les eÌ?veÌ?nements observeÌ?s selon lui depuis l'arbre en question.
+Le nouveau neÌ? deÌ?s qu'il su s'exprimer oralement deÌ?clara spontaneÌ?ment s'appeler du nom de la personne deÌ?ceÌ?deÌ?e (dont il ne connaissait pas du tout l'identiteÌ?) ; et raconta la plupart des eÌ?veÌ?nements veÌ?cus par sa premieÌ?re famille qu'il avait contempleÌ? depuis l'arbre situeÌ? dans la cour de l'habitation qu'il dit ne pas avoir quitteÌ? pendant les deux anneÌ?es qui ont suivi sa mort."
+Nous pourrions ici sortir le dossier du spiritisme qui est aussi en correÌ?lation eÌ?troite avec l'exteÌ?riorisation des consciences . Les entiteÌ?s s'exprimant sous diverses formes lors des seÌ?ances de spiritisme (planchette oui-ya , eÌ?criture automatique , voix sortant du neÌ?ant etcÂ?) ne se geÌ?nent pas pour deÌ?clarer qu'elle voient les participants aÌ? la seÌ?ance et qu'elle connaissent meÌ?me les penseÌ?es intimes des uns et des autres.
+Ce serait amusant si les informations "reÌ?cupeÌ?reÌ?es" par ce canal n'eÌ?taient pas parfois macabres ; des accidents mortels (accidents d'avions ou autres concernant une personne preÌ?sente) qui se produisent en temps reÌ?el ou diffeÌ?reÌ? sur le passeÌ? comme sur l'avenir (Le plus incroyable eÌ?tant les preÌ?visions leÌ?geÌ?rement diffeÌ?reÌ?es qui concerne le futur).
+Les mauvaises langues (sceptiques railleurs geÌ?neÌ?ralement) vous diront que tout cela n'est que fadaises inventeÌ?es par des deÌ?traqueÌ?s.
+Pourtant c'est bien dans l'ensemble des dossiers la concordance surprenante de la manifestation de la vue sans les yeux.
+L'existence de conscience deÌ?localiseÌ?e se faisant passer pour une entiteÌ?* indeÌ?pendante capables de voir le monde (comme nous) et de communiquer en interactiviteÌ? (relative) avec nous par divers moyens plus ou moins compliqueÌ?s (la reÌ?ceptiviteÌ? du meÌ?dium eÌ?tant en cause) se preÌ?sente au travers du spiritisme.
+Tout se passe comme si les participants aÌ? la seÌ?ance spirite mettaient en commun leur capaciteÌ?s psychiques pour les amplifier.
+Ceci en inteÌ?grant aÌ? une capaciteÌ? de reÌ?flexion commune toutes les informations du veÌ?cu de chacun des participants.
+Il faut eÌ?tre treÌ?s prudent car des expeÌ?riences ont permis de fabriquer des entiteÌ?s fictives de toute pieÌ?ce par les participants aÌ? la seÌ?ance.
+Ce serait une erreur que de prendre au pied de la lettre dans leur globaliteÌ? l'ensemble des deÌ?clarations des entiteÌ?s car les mysteÌ?res de l'hypnose se cachent ici.
+Admettre d'entreÌ?e de jeu l'existence d'un au-delaÌ? comme le fait Camille Flammarion serait une erreur.
+Pour les meÌ?mes raisons, admettre l'existence d'entiteÌ?s existant dans un monde paralleÌ?le comme le suggeÌ?re Jean-Claude Pantel avec l'organisation magnifique (OM) serait une erreur grave qui eÌ?leÌ?verait un mur infranchissable entre les chercheurs en paranormal et la science officielle.
+13 Page 64/139 TeÌ?moignage dÂ?un accidenteÌ? de la route dont lÂ?accident a eu lieu de nuit : " Je me suis retrouveÌ? flottant aÌ? 1,5 m du sol et aÌ? 5 m de la voiture, au moment du choc, jÂ?entendis lÂ?eÌ?cho de la collision sÂ?eÌ?loigner puis sÂ?eÌ?teindre.
+JÂ?ai vu des personnes arriver en courant, se presser autour de la voiture.
+Je voyais aussi mon propre corps dans la ferraille, au milieu des gens qui essayaient de le deÌ?gager.
+" Ici, il nÂ?est pas question dÂ?eÌ?veÌ?nements qui pourraient avoir lieu en salle dÂ?opeÌ?ration mais les eÌ?leÌ?ments concernant la vue sans les yeux depuis lÂ?exteÌ?rieur du corps sont difficilement conciliables avec la theÌ?se avanceÌ?e par certains meÌ?decins peu au fait des interrogations souleveÌ?es par les N.D.E.
+Certaines drogues provoquent lÂ?anoxie (ou asphyxie progressive du cerveau) qui est responsable de meÌ?canismes hallucinatoires.
+O.K. Mais ici, nous deÌ?vions seÌ?rieusement du veÌ?ritable sujet qui est de savoir si la conscience se retrouve aÌ? lÂ?exteÌ?rieur du corps au moment de la perte de connaissance et dans les instants qui suivent.
+Il ne faut pas confondre lÂ?impression de flotter dans les airs des gens qui se droguent avec la vue sans les yeux de personnes ayant perdu connaissance mais qui, malgreÌ? cela, deÌ?crivent avec preÌ?cision le deÌ?roulement des eÌ?veÌ?nements en temps reÌ?el.
+Il y a laÌ? une nuance de taille aÌ? laquelle le journaliste HerveÌ? Ratel aurait du penser avant de pondre la p.55 de son article.
+Nous nageons ici dans la confusion la plus compleÌ?te.
+Comment excuser des gens aussi diploÌ?meÌ?s dÂ?autant de leÌ?geÌ?reteÌ? ? 14 Autres teÌ?moignages parmi des centaines : 064/139 "Je me sentais sortir de mon corps et glisser vers le bas entre le matelas et la barre meÌ?tallique du lit.
+J'ai eu l'impression de traverser cette barre pour atterrir au sol.
+Puis je m'eÌ?levais doucement en l'air, je m'eÌ?levais jusqu'au plafond, le regard tourneÌ? vers le bas.
+J'avais l'impression d'eÌ?tre leÌ?geÌ?re comme un morceau de papier."
+064/149 " J'eÌ?tais en haut preÌ?s du plafond, je les observais en train de me donner des soins.
+Quand ils ont poseÌ?s les eÌ?lectrodes sur ma poitrine, mon corps fit un saut et je le vis retomber sur le sol comme un poids mort.
+L'instant d'apreÌ?s, je reÌ?inteÌ?grais mon corps."
+Nous pourrions aligner ici des centaines de teÌ?moignages de ce genre mais cela ne servirait pas aÌ? grand chose car les sceptiques et les chercheurs "officiels" se moquent comme de l'an quarante des chercheurs "marginaux " qui font des recherches de ce genre.
+Les sceptiques disent qu'il ne sert aÌ? rien de collectionner les teÌ?moignages.
+Il n'empeÌ?che que lorsqu'on leur donne en paÌ?ture un teÌ?moignage pertinent, ils reÌ?clament des eÌ?leÌ?ments compleÌ?mentaires avec insistance pour en fin de compte deÌ?creÌ?ter que tout n'est qu'invention.
+Pour ce qui concerne la vue sans les yeux, une tendance geÌ?neÌ?rale se deÌ?gage de l'eÌ?tude des teÌ?moignages N.D.E.
+L'aensemble des personnes qui deÌ?clarent voir leur corps inanimeÌ? depuis un point de l'espace exteÌ?rieur aÌ? celui-ci deÌ?crivent la sceÌ?ne en temps reÌ?el.
+Ils voient les personnes preÌ?sentes en deÌ?crivant avec preÌ?cision tous les gestes correspondant aÌ? la reÌ?aliteÌ? veÌ?cue au moment de la perte de conscience du patient.
+15 D'autre part, le discours des teÌ?moins est toujours identique en ce qui concerne la transmateÌ?rialiteÌ?, ils disent traverser facilement les parois, murs ou plafond en ayant une vue de ce qui se passe de l'autre coÌ?teÌ?. Ils disent tous la meÌ?me chose en ce qui concerne l'eÌ?volution (ou les deÌ?placements) dans l'espace de la conscience.
+Ils disent eÌ?voluer presque toujours vers le haut de la pieÌ?ce ouÌ? se trouve leurs corps inanimeÌ? avec les yeux fermeÌ?s.
+Ils ont toujours une vue depuis un point situeÌ? en hauteur et donnent des informations aÌ? partir de ce point de vue que personne au sol ne peut avoir.
+Les ambulances sont vues d'en haut et les inscriptions sur le toit des veÌ?hicules de secours ont eÌ?teÌ? rapporteÌ?es par des teÌ?moins de N.D.E.
+En deÌ?finitive, les explications scientifiques donneÌ?es par le Pr Tassin et Susan Blackmore sont irrecevables en ce qui concerne la phase de deÌ?corporation.
+Il y a au minimum une erreur de leur part en ce qui concerne la vue par le patient des eÌ?veÌ?nements autour de son corps inanimeÌ?, vue depuis le haut que personne ne peut avoir eu.
+Tout se passe comme si la conscience du sujet inconscient eÌ?tait deÌ?localisable ou "deÌ?solidarisable" du corps.
+Le patient ayant l'impression assez deÌ?sagreÌ?able que le corps dont il a une vision de l'exteÌ?rieur n'est pas le sien.
+La litteÌ?rature paranormale donne des teÌ?moignages insolites de personnes saines qui se sont vues "catapulteÌ?es" hors de leur corps sur un temps assez court alors qu'elles eÌ?taient allongeÌ?es dans leur lit.
+16 Ces teÌ?moignages de deÌ?corporations accidentelles de personnes en bonne santeÌ? sont rares mais ne sont pas aÌ? prendre aÌ? la leÌ?geÌ?re car les teÌ?moins sont de treÌ?s bonne moraliteÌ?. Ce qu'elles affirment correspond en tous points aÌ? la description d'une NDE pour ce qui concerne la phase de deÌ?corporation et la vue de l'environnement proche sans les yeux.
+Il y a laÌ? des concordances inimaginables entre les dossiers paranormaux.
+Ce point ne devrait pas eÌ?tre ignoreÌ? des meÌ?decins qui travaillent sur les NDE ; surtout ceux qui cherchent aÌ? prouver la vue depuis un point situeÌ? en hauteur.
+Le cas DAVEL.GIF (064/186 ) est un cas unique en son genre mais il ne doit surtout pas eÌ?tre deÌ?daigneÌ? par les chercheurs.
+Il preÌ?suppose une extraordinaire coiÌ?ncidence permettant aÌ? la personne concerneÌ?e (la fianceÌ?e de DAVEL) de deÌ?couvrir qu'un incroyable "transbordement" de conscience semble s'eÌ?tre opeÌ?reÌ? entre une personne en train de mourir en Angleterre et une autre personne sans connaissance en Australie.
+Cette dernieÌ?re, accidenteÌ?e gravement, se trouve sans connaissance au moment du transfert de conscience de l'un aÌ? l'autre.
+17 Nous souscrivons pleinement aux deÌ?clarations du Docteur Jean-Pierre Jourdan disant : "les perceptions de Pam Raynolds ne pouvaient eÌ?tre le reÌ?sultat d'une quelconque activiteÌ? ceÌ?reÌ?brale."
+Nous n'irons pas pour autant soutenir sa theÌ?se d'une cinquieÌ?me dimension qui pour le moment ne peut repreÌ?senter quÂ?une speÌ?culation impossible aÌ? deÌ?montrer.
+Il nÂ?empeÌ?che que le Dr Jourdan aurait pu preÌ?ciser que pendant quÂ?aucune activiteÌ? ceÌ?reÌ?brale nÂ?eÌ?tait deÌ?tecteÌ?e, Mme Raynolds avait eÌ?teÌ? capable de meÌ?moriser lÂ?intervention phase par phase avec clarteÌ? comme si elle y avait assisteÌ? en tant reÌ?el.
+Pourquoi dans ces conditions, le Pr Tassin se pose-t-il la question de savoir aÌ? quel moment l'EMI a eu lieu ? Pour nous, c'est une question sans fondement eÌ?tant donneÌ? la pleÌ?thore de deÌ?tails donneÌ?s par le professeur.
+C'est aussi ridicule que de se demander, si une cameÌ?ra filme une horloge (aÌ? l'heure): "quelle heure eÌ?tait-il au moment du film ?" Il faut que le Pr Tassin admette ici sans sourciller que ce n'est pas du tout une question de reÌ?ve qui se serait deÌ?clencheÌ? dans les secondes qui preÌ?ceÌ?dent le reÌ?veil.
+Ici, il y a une diversion inadmissible car la description faite par le professeur n'a rien aÌ? voir avec un reÌ?ve mais le Pr Tassin refuse d'admettre implicitement la reÌ?aliteÌ?. Autrement dit, il arrive avec une ideÌ?e preÌ?conçue de l'EMI et fait une acrobatie pour retomber sur ses pieds.
+Les nombreux teÌ?moignages de patients qui deÌ?crivent l'intervention effectueÌ?e sur eux depuis l'exteÌ?rieur du corps inanimeÌ? sont trop preÌ?cis et deÌ?tailleÌ?s pour qu'ils reÌ?sultent tous d'un reÌ?ve (construit apreÌ?s coup).
+Ce reÌ?ve deÌ?calerait la reÌ?aliteÌ? et dans ce cas, ce serait encore plus formidable que la deÌ?localisation de la conscience ! 18 Sous l'angle strict de la vue sans les yeux, l'argument du Pr Tassin, comme quoi le cerveau recreÌ?erait au reÌ?veil les sceÌ?nes deÌ?crites selon des indications parcellaires, est totalement inacceptable.
+On se demande meÌ?me pourquoi le journaliste de "Science et Avenir" ne s'eÌ?tonne pas du manque de logique dans les propos du professeur du ColleÌ?ge de France.
+Car enfin, nous avons d'un coÌ?teÌ? le teÌ?moin : JM qui deÌ?clare avoir visiteÌ? une proprieÌ?teÌ? mitoyenne aÌ? l'hoÌ?pital, en traversant le mur apreÌ?s eÌ?tre sorti de son corps.
+La description de la proprieÌ?teÌ? ainsi que du garage aÌ? veÌ?lo situeÌ? immeÌ?diatement derrieÌ?re ce mur est conforme aÌ? la reÌ?aliteÌ? (cela fut veÌ?rifieÌ?). Et de l'autre, le Pr Tassin qui affirme que les images deÌ?crites par le teÌ?moin sont des indications parcellaires glaneÌ?es au vol, au cours de micro reÌ?veils.
+Il ne faudrait pas se moquer du monde ! Comment supposer cette chose possible ici sans mettre en avant une forme de deÌ?corporation quelconque de la vue ? Ceci ne peut pas eÌ?tre une coiÌ?ncidence ou une invention du patient d'autant plus que de nombreux cas similaires existent.
+Comment un aveugle aurait-il pu capter des informations visuelles parcellaires puisque dans un cas, au moins, une patiente aveugle a rapporteÌ? la couleur rouge d'un veÌ?tement que portait sa cousine dans la salle d'attente.
+Celle-ci portait-elle un pull rouge en permanence et en aurait-elle parleÌ? aÌ? la patiente ? SuÌ?rement pas ! Pam Raynolds disait bien : "J'eÌ?tais preÌ?s de l'eÌ?paule du chirurgien, en hauteur, et je voyais tout ce qu'il faisait."
+Ce ne sont pas laÌ? des bribes d'informations mais le deÌ?roulement complet d'une action.
+19 Dans cet article de vulgarisation, il semble que les diffeÌ?rents intervenants n'aient pas la rigueur scientifique neÌ?cessaire pour deÌ?fendre leur point de vue.
+Evelyne Sarah Mercier affirme avoir veÌ?cu une EMI graÌ?ce aÌ? une drogue qui l'aurait fait "planer " toute une nuit.
+Mais elle reste plutoÌ?t vague sur la question preÌ?cise de la vue sans les yeux.
+La seule chose qu'elle dit est la suivante : "je filais tel un oiseau aÌ? travers des paysages lumineux, superbes."
+Ceci n'a rien aÌ? voir avec les exteÌ?riorisations de conscience dont parlent les accidenteÌ?s en reÌ?animation ou lors d'opeÌ?rations chirurgicales.
+Mme Mercier n'eÌ?tait manifestement pas en mesure de voir son environnement proche sous des angles de vision que son corps inanimeÌ? ne pouvait pas avoir.
+La rigueur scientifique voudrait plutoÌ?t qu'on eÌ?tudie uniquement les cas de NDE ouÌ? le patient deÌ?crit l'environnement proche avec preÌ?cision (TYPE 1).
+Ceci eÌ?viterait que les uns et les autres disent n'importe quoi.
+Personne ne peut faire ici autoriteÌ? en mettant en avant ses diploÌ?mes tant que ce point de la vue sans les yeux avec mobiliteÌ? de l'angle de vue n'aura pas eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?clairci.
+Il est possible de faire les investigations neÌ?cessaires pour cela et tant qu'une reÌ?ponse scientifique n'aura pas eÌ?teÌ? donneÌ?e, il sera preÌ?matureÌ? d'avancer des explications qui ne collent pas vraiment avec les descriptions des patients.
+Le somnambulisme avanceÌ? par des francs-tireurs au deÌ?but du sieÌ?cle cautionne fortement cette recherche initieÌ?e par le Dr Parnia et la justifie amplement avec d'autres dossiers douteux mais plausibles.
+20 En guise de conclusion, nous partageons totalement le point de vue de Jean-Pol Tassin lorsqu'il fait la diffeÌ?rence entre une EMI conseÌ?cutive aÌ? un cerveau qui est en train de peÌ?rir (et qui est "ranimeÌ?", aÌ? l'extreÌ?me limite de l'irreÌ?parable) et un eÌ?tat modifieÌ? de conscience du aÌ? la drogue, aÌ? la transe ou aÌ? l'eÌ?tat d'hypnose.
+De laÌ? aÌ? eÌ?tre d'accord avec lui sur le fait que l'EMI s'explique bien sur la base de nos connaissances actuelles, il y a un grand pas que nous ne risquons pas de franchir.
+La meÌ?connaissance magistrale des dossiers paranormaux dont fait preuve le Pr Tassin est ici inadmissible et lui retire le droit d'effectuer un arbitrage (Il dispose de connaissances officielles meÌ?ritoires mais insuffisantes pour trancher dans cette affaire).
+Une personnaliteÌ? de grande renommeÌ?e comme lui ne peut pas faire une eÌ?valuation correcte des dossiers NDE en se limitant aÌ? juger sur la seule base de ses connaissances en neurologie les dossiers paranormaux sont ici trop riches et trop chargeÌ?s d'eÌ?leÌ?ments nouveaux majeures pour qu'ils soient passeÌ?s sous silence.
+Il est regrettable que le Docteur Jourdan plus pragmatique se soit limiteÌ? lui aussi dans ses recherches.
+(Il en a trop dit ou pas assez) MalgreÌ? cela il propose tout de meÌ?me une eÌ?tude des dossiers faisant eÌ?tat de deÌ?localisation de conscience.
+Il coopeÌ?re maladroitement peut eÌ?tre aÌ? la recherche de la veÌ?riteÌ? mais il fait preuve d'honneÌ?teteÌ? intellectuelle.
+Trop de dossiers en relation avec le spiritisme ont apporteÌ? des preuves mateÌ?rielles de la part d'esprits de deÌ?funts connus qui se manifestent comme se manifesterait une conscience autonome.
+Cela ne prouve pas l'existence d'un au-delaÌ? mais cela prouve qu'il faut chercher l'endroit ouÌ? se trouvent ces informations inconnues des vivants.
+Et l'hypnose n'est pas aÌ? laisser de coÌ?teÌ? dans cette queÌ?te.
+21 Les explications rationnelles du Professeur TASSIN et de Susan Blackmore nient outrageusement les deÌ?clarations de certains teÌ?moins, occultant la possibiliteÌ? qu'ont indiscutablement certains patients d'assister (pendant qu'ils sont inconscients) au deÌ?roulement de la reÌ?aliteÌ? par un moyen perceptif autre que leurs sens (la vue sans les yeux).
+Ceci rejoint assez bien ce que disent les sceptiques indeÌ?crottables qui ne cessent de dire que les teÌ?moignages ne sont pas des preuves (exemple: DENIS.htm ). Quand on leur donne des noms et des dates preÌ?cises, ils deÌ?clarent sans broncher que ce sont des inventions sans fondement.
+Ce dossier va nous donner l'occasion d'enfoncer le clou en ce qui concerne leur intoleÌ?rance, neÌ?faste aÌ? la recherche de la veÌ?riteÌ?. Le docteur Jourdan, disposant d'une certaine autoriteÌ? vis a vis des scientifiques, manque ici une occasion en or de mettre en grande difficulteÌ? les rationalistes qui voudraient faire croire qu'il n'y a rien d'extraordinaire dans les NDE.
+Il repreÌ?sente, sans le dire, la position de l'organisation IANDS qui se cantonne soit disant dans la science officielle (au travers des theÌ?ories "superlumineuses" de Regis DUTHEIL ). A cause de cela, il n'est probablement pas disposeÌ? aÌ? fouiller plus aÌ? fond dans les dossiers paranormaux "collateÌ?raux" aux NDE.
+C'est pourtant bien de laÌ? que viendra l'ouverture reliant les sciences lieÌ?es au fonctionnement du cerveau et les dossiers de l'inexpliqueÌ?. Seule une vue globale de l'ensemble des dossiers de la parapsychologie pourra apporter la preuve de la deÌ?localisation de la conscience qui se manifeste de diverses manieÌ?res.
+Toute la subtiliteÌ? reÌ?sidant dans le fait de savoir deÌ?coder des teÌ?moignages qui semblent disparates alors qu'ils deÌ?signent une seule et meÌ?me eÌ?vidence : dans certaines circonstances assez exceptionnelles, le cerveau humain peut acceÌ?der aÌ? de l'information autrement que par ces sens habituels.
+Ceci est valable pour la vue de l'environnement proche dans les NDE mais c' est AUSSI valable pour les autres sens ; surtout l'ouiÌ?e et l'odorat.
+La vue sans les yeux est pour nous une eÌ?vidence pour la bonne raison que certains meÌ?diums ont aÌ? leur actif des visions aÌ? distance difficilement contestables.
+Ce n'est pas un teÌ?moignage seÌ?rieux qu'il faut exiger mais relever les tendances significatives qui deÌ?gagent des constantes.
+Si nous prenons, par exemple le dossier Edgar CAYCE, c'est toute une vie de prouesses qui a eÌ?teÌ? consigneÌ?e avec les noms des malades qui ont eÌ?teÌ? gueÌ?ris.
+Ici, le sceptique n'a plus le choix, il se met au travail, prend connaissance des faits en rapport avec CAYCE dans l'ouvrage : "Edgar CAYCE, l' homme du mysteÌ?re" Joseph MILLARD - Editions "J'ai lu" 1970 reÌ?eÌ?diteÌ? en 1990.
+Cet ouvrage repreÌ?sente une montagne de teÌ?moignages dont certains apportent des preuves indiscutables.
+Voici un exemple significatif ou une lecture faite par Cayce sous auto-hypnose qui deÌ?clare lui-meÌ?me se deÌ?doubler (sa conscience eÌ?tant forceÌ?ment aÌ? l'exteÌ?rieur du corps).
+Il s'endort et ne se rappelle de rien au reÌ?veil, une secreÌ?taire enregistrait les propos du meÌ?dium (lectures).
+Cayce avait besoin de connaiÌ?tre avec preÌ?cision le nom et l'adresse du patient pour aller le visiter aÌ? distance.
+Il allait voir aÌ? l'inteÌ?rieur du corps des malades et rapportait de façon saisissante ce qu'il voyait aÌ? l'inteÌ?rieur d'un estomac ou d'un poumon.
+Exemple 1: Une personne aux doigt de pieds soudeÌ?s aÌ? eÌ?teÌ? confondue de compliciteÌ? dans une affaire de deÌ?tournement de devises: 052-126.GIF Exemple 2: Un autre cas ouÌ? le chirurgien atteste la veÌ?raciteÌ? du diagnostic eÌ?tabli par Cayce, le meÌ?dium endormi : 052-144.GIF Que voulez vous de mieux ? Allez vous renseigner aÌ? la fondation Edgar CAYCE.
+Faites-vous expliquer et ensuite venez ici me dire qu'il est impensable qu'un malade puisse voir la sceÌ?ne de son opeÌ?ration pendant qu'elle a lieu.
+Si cela ne vous suffit pas, nous ferons une reÌ?trospective sur Matthew MANNING qui, lui aussi, avait fait quelques expeÌ?riences de diagnostic aÌ? distance par le canal d'un soit disant esprit deÌ?sincarneÌ?, en utilisant l'eÌ?criture automatique.
+192-157.GIF Est-ce bien raisonnable d'exiger de nous de vous raconter des ouvrages et des ouvrages contenant des centaines de preuves pour aÌ? chaque fois s'entendre dire que ce ne sont que des inventions ? Les personnes dont il est question ont bel et bien existeÌ? ! Alors, allez faire une enqueÌ?te dans les familles, il doit bien en rester des traces.
+Pour parfaire votre formation, il ne serait pas inutile non plus que vous lisiez attentivement l'ouvrage N° 136/Â? de notre bibliotheÌ?que (treÌ?s bien achalandeÌ?e pour ce genre de recherches).
+1BIB.htm : "Ces Pilotes Messagers de l'au-delaÌ?" - J.
+Fuller - R.Laffont 1982.
+22 Le moment est venu de faire une extrapolation originale en cherchant plus au fond les raisons des disparitions et apparitions spontaneÌ?es d'objets poltergeist.
+Le patient en NDE (TYPE 1) semble en mesure d'exteÌ?rioriser sa conscience.
+Mais il dit bien que son appreÌ?hension de la reÌ?aliteÌ? est treÌ?s diffeÌ?rente de ce que font ses sens en temps normal.
+Il voit en trois dimensions et meÌ?me parfois aÌ? travers les objets.
+Ceci tendrait aÌ? deÌ?montrer que sa conscience est omnipreÌ?sente en tous points de l'espace proche qui entoure le corps inanimeÌ?. Si cela s'aveÌ?re creÌ?dible, il serait possible de transposer ce modeÌ?le dans les cas de mateÌ?rialisations poltergeist.
+C'est ici que nous rejoignons la physique quantique par le biais d'une conscience de type ondulatoire qui agirait dans l'espace, un champ X ? inconnu, bien deÌ?limiteÌ? autour du sujet poltergeist.
+Pour faire vite, nous supposerons que ce champ pourrait investir un objet (un caillou existant dans la proximiteÌ? du cerveau geÌ?neÌ?rant le champ inconnu X?) et agir individuellement quantiquement au niveau de chaque particule constituant ce caillou au niveau subatomique en perturbant l'action continue qui soutire l'information comme le preÌ?voit la MQ pour maintenir bloqueÌ? sous son eÌ?tat physique (classique) l'objet.
+Dans la matieÌ?re dite classique (sous sa forme quantique particulaire), tout se passe comme si l'environnement soutirerait de l'information en permanence, ceci pour chaque particule prise isolement.
+Imaginons que la possibiliteÌ? qu'a l'environnement de la particule consideÌ?reÌ?e de soutirer cette information cesse brusquement a cause de la preÌ?sence du champ inconnu X?. Celui-ci cloisonnant de manieÌ?re eÌ?tanche les constituants eÌ?leÌ?mentaires de la matieÌ?re au sein de la matieÌ?re de l'objet (le caillou poltergeist par exemple) les eÌ?changes d'information ne se faisant plus, "l'interrogation" senseÌ?e soutirer de l'information aux particules voisines ne pourrait plus avoir lieu.
+Dans ce cas exceptionnellement rare, c'est l'ensemble des milliards de milliards de milliards de particules qui pourrait basculer simultaneÌ?ment d'un eÌ?tat aÌ? un l'autre de manieÌ?re synchrone.
+Ce basculement de l'objet en onde d'objet (mega-onde) se ferait alors en un temps extreÌ?mement court qui se mesure en milliardieÌ?mes de seconde.
+La disparition instantaneÌ?e s'expliquerait treÌ?s bien par ce processus macro-quantique original.
+Position officielle des physiciens du quantiques: Documentation extreÌ?mement importante ici SV11.GIF concernant l'interaction par eÌ?changes d'information en permanence (interrogation reÌ?ciproque) entre particules "science et vie" N°977 (page 52) l'ultime secret de la physique quantique enfin deÌ?voileÌ?. 23 Le moment est venu d'eÌ?tre clair sur le fond de notre penseÌ?e sur ce point de l'exteÌ?riorisation de la conscience qui semble avoir une importance capitale pour la physique des particules du futur.
+Ce champ "extreÌ?mement fluide" est envahissant au sens le plus fort; il peÌ?neÌ?tre au plus profond de la matieÌ?re jusqu'aux particules les plus intimes qu'il envahit sans provoquer la moindre deÌ?stabilisation des structures.
+Lorsque le patient en NDE deÌ?clare qu'apreÌ?s eÌ?tre sorti de son corps, lui suffisait de pousser leÌ?geÌ?rement sur une paroi quelconque ( le mur ou le plafond ) pour la traverser et ensuite apercevoir les objets situeÌ?s de l'autre coteÌ? de cette paroi, nous disons que la matieÌ?re constituant cette paroi a l'endroit du passage est investie par le champ X? dont nous parlions plus haut.
+Ce champ inconnu et en relation directe avec le cerveau du meÌ?dium (Cayce par exemple) ou du patient sous EEG plat.
+La matieÌ?re qui se trouve prise dans ce champ inconnu est traverseÌ?e sans changer d'apparence aux yeux d'un observateur mais se trouve conditionneÌ?e pour reÌ?aliser des prouesses qu'aucun physicien ne soupçonne actuellement.
+Pour bien nous faire comprendre, nous dirons qu'il y a ici un croisement de champs "insolite" qui peut permettre un basculements quantique macroscopique (deÌ?mateÌ?rialisation brutale) . Ceci probablement sous certaines conditions d'angle d'application et d'intensiteÌ? de ce champ.
+Il semble donc que les meÌ?diums exploitent ce champ de conscience selon l'opportuniteÌ? que leur confeÌ?re leur don.
+Le don de l'un n'est pas forcement le meÌ?me que le don de l'autre.
+Mais le champ de la conscience exteÌ?rieure est de meÌ?me nature.
+Cayce visite l'environnement proche ou moins proche selon les cas et nous rapporte ses "lectures" (il rapporte de l'information au sens simple du terme) Eileen GARRET spirite de treÌ?s haut niveau eÌ?tait capable de rapporter aussi de l'information connues seulement des morts mais strictement inconnue des vivants.
+Manning avait les meÌ?mes possibiliteÌ?s que Eilen Garret mais en plus, il "geÌ?neÌ?rait" de grandes quantiteÌ?s de mateÌ?rialisations et de deÌ?mateÌ?rialisations d'objets.
+Ceci montre bien que l'exteÌ?riorisation de la conscience est susceptibles de provoquer de multiples phenomenes ; les un plus incroyables que les autres.
+C'est cette diversiteÌ? qui trompe le chercheur.
+Pantel n'eÌ?tait pas porteÌ? speÌ?cialement sur la vue a distance mais il eÌ?tait speÌ?cialiseÌ? pour "geÌ?neÌ?rer " des voix souvent tonitruantes en quantiteÌ? astronomiques (provenant du neÌ?ant car elle ne sortait d'aucune bouche mais semblait venir du plafond) .Son autre speÌ?cialiteÌ? eÌ?tait la mateÌ?rialisation d'objets divers (surtout des cailloux et des billes d'acier), il est eÌ?vident que le deÌ?nominateur commun a ces avatars est le champ de conscience du meÌ?dium qui s'exprime de ces diverses manieÌ?res.C'est une question d'eÌ?change d'information au sens le plus quantique qui soit.
+C'est la raison pour laquelle une deÌ?mateÌ?rialisation d'objet est possible aussi facilement qu'une apparition inopineÌ?e d'un bruit.
+(poltergeist: esprit bruyant) 24 L'analyse de l'ouvrage 052/Â?"Edgar CAYCE, l' homme du mysteÌ?re" Joseph MILLARD - Editions "J'ai lu" 1970 Les eÌ?veÌ?nements veÌ?cus par Edgard Cayce apportent magistralement de l'eau au moulin de ceux qui comme casar cherchent a prouver que la conscience peut par moment changer de configuration et se trouver exceptionnellement a l'exteÌ?rieur du corps humain.
+Elle semble eÌ?tre capable de se mouvoir dans l'espace avec grande faciliteÌ?, ce qui nous fait penser qu'elle pourrait investir un grand volume d'espace comme si elle eÌ?tait partout en meÌ?me temps.
+(omnipreÌ?sence) .Ceci ne serait pas eÌ?tonnant puisque nous sommes ici en relation eÌ?vidente avec la physique quantique.
+Documentation tireÌ?e de l'ouvrage 052/Â?permettant de bien comprendre notre suggestion faite plus bas: CAYCE.GIF CAYCE1.GIF 052-82.GIF 052-120.GIF 052-122.GIF 052-126.GIF 052-144.GIF Le profil psychologique d'Edgar CAYCE transparaiÌ?t clairement au fil des deÌ?tails donneÌ?s par Joseph Millard.
+Il n'est pas neÌ?cessaire d'eÌ?tre un grand psychologue pour s'apercevoir que CAYCE est un sujet ayant fait l'objet de la plupart des grandes manifestations hysteÌ?riques dont parle Pierre DACO ici: 251_140.GIF 251_142.GIF 1°) Cayce a eÌ?teÌ? l'objet de crises de somnambulisme (aigueÌ?s) avec deÌ?doublement de personnaliteÌ?, la liaison de ce genre de maladie psychique avec l'hypnose est eÌ?vidente.
+Ceci est amplement suffisant pour expliquer les "lectures" d' Edgar CAYCE qui ne sont que la reÌ?alisation d'un souhait que CAYCE eÌ?tant enfant avait toujours manifesteÌ?. Il y a donc bien laÌ? une forme de suggestion hypnotique puissante.
+Le deÌ?clencheur de ce don est manifestement lieÌ? a la seÌ?ance meÌ?morable de la cabane que Cayce n'arrivait pas a eÌ?peler (Kabane) meÌ?me apreÌ?s avoir eÌ?crit le mot 500 fois par punition.
+Anecdote ayant une extreÌ?me importance (pour la configuration du cerveau de Cayce) deÌ?crite en 032/36 avec une manifestation de type apparition mariale qui ne nous a pas eÌ?chappeÌ?. Nous avons ici un aperçu des capaciteÌ?s grandioses du cerveau lors de sa maturation pendant l'adolescence.(Les mateÌ?rialisations poltergeist sont en relation eÌ?troite avec cela) 2°) L'extinction de voix dont CAYCE a eÌ?teÌ? plusieurs fois l'objet est un blocage sans base organique dont Mesmer avait fait la preuve de la relation avec l'hysteÌ?rie:052-66.GIF 3°) Crises d'agitation totalement incoheÌ?rente .Plusieurs fois cette manifestation d'agitation inexplicables et injustifieÌ?es s'est manifesteÌ? chez CAYCE.
+052/40 et 052/48 Extrait: 052/48 ",il avait toujours eÌ?teÌ? taciturne et reÌ?serveÌ? ; cet apreÌ?s-midi laÌ? ,apreÌ?s avoir reçu une balle de base-ball dans le dos, il devint bruyant, dissipeÌ?, bagarreur, insolent.
+En rentrant chez lui il fit mille extravagances, grimpa aux arbres, se roula dans la boue, hurla de rire, bouscula un troupeau de vaches, et se rendit odieux."
+Ces trois ponts sont la preuve par neuf de l'existence d'une forme d'hysteÌ?rie aigueÌ? chez ce meÌ?dium.
+Conclusion La meÌ?decine psychique ( au travers Mesmer, Janet, Charcot et tant d'autres ) confirme magistralement l'existence du don de double vue sans les yeux d'Edgar Cayce.
+Les NDE eÌ?tant une preuve suppleÌ?mentaire confirmant la reÌ?aliteÌ? des visions de Cayce . ApreÌ?s 10 d'existence, Belgacom va changer de logo au printemps prochain (photo). Par contre, son nom demeurera identique, selon son administrateur deÌ?leÌ?gueÌ? John Goossens. Cette modification est une des conseÌ?quences du nouveau plan 'Surf'. Il s'agit d'un projet lanceÌ? par Belgacom et qui est baseÌ? sur la volonteÌ? d'accroiÌ?tre la simpliciteÌ? et la fiabiliteÌ? des services proposeÌ?s.
+Le budget consacreÌ? aÌ? ce changement d'image devrait eÌ?tre absorbeÌ? en deux ans, a-t-il ajouteÌ?, sans pour autant vouloir citer de chiffres. Une campagne de communication externe sera lanceÌ?e aÌ? ce sujet au printemps 2003.
+NEW YORK D'apreÌ?s une eÌ?tude de la socieÌ?teÌ? comScore Media Metrix, 45 millions d'internautes disposent, aux USA, de la TV et d'Internet dans la meÌ?me pieÌ?ce. Ce qui permet, dans certains cas, une utilisation en interaction du petit eÌ?cran et du Web. Ainsi, selon cette eÌ?tude citeÌ?e par le site 6minutes.net, environ 15% des internautes posseÌ?dant ces deux eÌ?quipements dans la meÌ?me pieÌ?ce ont deÌ?jaÌ? surfeÌ? sur des sites Web ayant un lien direct avec le programme TV qu'ils regardaient en meÌ?me temps. Encore plus interactif: 11% ont deÌ?jaÌ? envoyeÌ? un e-mail ou participeÌ? aÌ? un chat organiseÌ? par les diffuseurs de l'eÌ?mission qu'ils suivaient aÌ? ce moment-laÌ?. De meÌ?me, 10% se sont preÌ?cipiteÌ?s sur leur ordinateur afin de rechercher des infos sur les produits vus juste avant dans des publiciteÌ?s teÌ?leÌ?viseÌ?es.
+Panel On The Web est une jeune start-up française deÌ?dieÌ?e aux eÌ?tudes de marcheÌ? en ligne. Elle vient de sortir les reÌ?sultats de sa premieÌ?re eÌ?tude, qui porte sur les usages de l'internaute français. Elle reÌ?veÌ?le ainsi le caracteÌ?re complexe de la population des internautes. DerrieÌ?re les chiffres moyens de freÌ?quentation, les volumes de connexion ou les pratiques de la messagerie, se cache une forte heÌ?teÌ?rogeÌ?neÌ?iteÌ? des comportements selon les criteÌ?res de genre, d'aÌ?ge, de profession exerceÌ?e ou de lieux de connexion.
+PlayStation 2, de la folie douce
+Les teenagers ameÌ?ricains sont donc dans les starting bloks. Pensez, il reste moins d'un mois avant que la console la plus attendue de l'anneÌ?e soit mise en vente. Pour le marcheÌ? nord-ameÌ?ricain, ce sont pas moins de 500.000 uniteÌ?s qui seront disponibles sur le marcheÌ?. Soit seulement la moitieÌ? des quantiteÌ?s preÌ?vues au deÌ?but. Autant vous dire que l'on va se battre pour obtenir le preÌ?cieux seÌ?same. En cause, Sony accuse un mois de retard dans son calendrier de production en raison d'une meÌ?chante carence de composants eÌ?lectroniques. Les retards n'affectent pas que la seule console. Ainsi, les logiciels ne comptent que 26 titres sur les 50 preÌ?vus au catalogue. La firme s'engage, en revanche, aÌ? offrir l'entieÌ?reteÌ? des jeux preÌ?vus avant les feÌ?tes.
+PARIS ApreÌ?s six mois de neÌ?gociations, Moulinex et Brandt ont scelleÌ? hier leurs fiançailles, programmant leur mariage pour deÌ?cembre. Le nouveau groupe, dont le nom n'est pas encore deÌ?termineÌ?, affichera un chiffre d'affaires de 17 milliards de francs. Il sera preÌ?sideÌ? par Patrick Puy, quarante-quatre ans, actuel directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral du groupe Legrand, Pierre Blayau quittant ses fonctions une fois la fusion acheveÌ?e. Moulinex travaille avec DDB Paris, Krups (Moulinex) avec Grey Paris.
+MILAN Le groupe Benetton annonce le lancement de son site de commerce eÌ?lectronique en partenariat avec la socieÌ?teÌ? de conseil Andersen Consulting. GeÌ?reÌ? par la socieÌ?teÌ? United Web, deÌ?tenu aÌ? 80% par Benetton et aÌ? 20% par Andersen Consulting, le site, theex.it, propose veÌ?tements et accessoires. Le service est pour le moment opeÌ?rationnel en Italie, en Grande-Bretagne et en Allemagne. Le site ressemble aÌ? s'y meÌ?prendre aÌ? un bon vieux magazine de mode. Pourtant, il s'adresse aux 2 sexes. Ce qui ne manque pas de piment.
+VOYAGES
+Depuis son lancement, PlebiCity.com a deÌ?jaÌ? collecteÌ? 15.000 avis, de manieÌ?re aÌ? constituer un guide d'achat indeÌ?pendant et en constante eÌ?volution. Ce site, exploiteÌ? par la socieÌ?teÌ? Plebicom -qui posseÌ?de eÌ?galement eBuyClub.com, portail offrant aux internautes d'acheter moins cher- se lance aÌ? preÌ?sent dans une nouvelle forme de marketing, en collaboration avec Express Voyages.
+Pour seÌ?curiser l'e-commerce
+Participations RMB vendues
+Frou-Frou pour les hommes
+Mais avant de vendre, il faut attirer l'internaute. Tous les moyens sont bons. Disons plutoÌ?t, que ces nouveaux e-magazines ont saisis que, bien souvent, le porte monnaie se situe sous la ceinture. Sur 'unhomme', prenons par exemple, et totalement au hasard, le sexe. Cliquez sur la rubrique 'eÌ?tre ou ne pas eÌ?tre... un bon coup'. Et le e-zine d'affirmer : "bien suÌ?r, toutes les filles vous le diront, figurer dans le top des bons amants n'est pas qu'une affaire de performances athleÌ?tiques et de techniques. Reste que cette dimension n'est pas aÌ? neÌ?gliger et eÌ?valuer son potentiel permet de situer et de miser sur d'autres atouts. Alors, pour savoir quelle beÌ?te de sexe vous eÌ?tes, reÌ?pondez... " Le test dure 2 minutes. Il ressemble aÌ? s'y meÌ?prendre aux tests des copines. Bien entendu, il existe aussi une rubrique 'conso'. Ainsi, le lecteur pourra inteÌ?grer les 6 reÌ?gles d'or pour choisir son cigare. Une des reÌ?gles d'or: entre 2 cigares, le plus gros n'est pa
s forceÌ?ment le plus puissant. La rubrique reÌ?flexologie n'est pas en reste. Se masser les pieds, c'est bon pour la libido.
+ZURICH
+Pendant ces 4 jours, des millions de personnes aux 4 coins du monde vont se connecter sur les sites internet du projet pour reÌ?pondre ensemble aux questions du sondage. Les questions couvrent un large eÌ?ventail de sujets, tels que la santeÌ?, le sommeil et les reÌ?ves, le mariage, la famille, etc. Les participants pourront ensuite visualiser sous forme graphique les reÌ?ponses des autres pays. Pour la 1eÌ?re fois, les internautes vont disposer d'une restitution instantaneÌ?e des reÌ?sultats du sondage selon les criteÌ?res et les theÌ?mes de leur choix. Le sondage sera disponible en huit langues, dont le français. Un record, puisque la plus vaste eÌ?mission multilingue preÌ?senteÌ?e sur internet sous la houlette des Etats-Unis est disponible en 7 langues. Ce projet, imagineÌ? par la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine 3Com, est rendu possible graÌ?ce aÌ? la combinaison de techniques de pointe. Des volontaires issus d'associations, et plus de 2.000 employeÌ?s de 3Com seront preÌ?sent
s dans 90 pays environ, pour conduire le sondage aupreÌ?s des personnes qui ne sont pas relieÌ?es aÌ? l'internet. EquipeÌ?s d'ordinateurs portables ou d'ordinateurs de poche, ils vont sillonner plus de 500 reÌ?gions parmi les plus reculeÌ?es du monde.
+PARIS Incroyable. Le temps de la culpabiliteÌ? apreÌ?s avoir recopieÌ? sur la feuille du voisin est reÌ?volue, enteÌ?rineÌ?e, voire ringarde. Un site français propose le plagiat des consentants. Alafac.com reÌ?compense les auteurs de devoirs publieÌ?s aÌ? hauteur de 50 francs français par document.
+Mais Alafac rassure: "tous les documents que nous publions ont eÌ?teÌ? au preÌ?alable analyseÌ?s et valideÌ?s par notre comiteÌ? de lecture qui s'assure de la qualiteÌ? des travaux mis en ligne. Vous pouvez deÌ?s aÌ? preÌ?sent consulter, teÌ?leÌ?charger et imprimer des milliers de travaux deÌ?poseÌ?s par d'autres eÌ?tudiants. Alors ne passez plus de nuits blanches aÌ? essayer de reÌ?inventer la roue". Et d'ajouter, "aÌ? ce tarif laÌ?, cela vaut quand meÌ?me le coup d'aller fouiner dans ses archives".
+ La campagne publicitaire de la nouvelle S60 Sedan de Volvo se fait, aux States, uniquement via America Online. La raison en est simple. Dans le sillage des eÌ?lections preÌ?sidentielles, le montant des encarts publicitaires a litteÌ?ralement exploseÌ?. Pour les meÌ?mes raisons, le constructeur Ford avait deÌ?jaÌ? stoppeÌ? momentaneÌ?ment la production de spots publicitaires pour la teÌ?leÌ?vision. Toutefois, la campagne net n'est pas le fruit du hasard. De fait, 85% des clients de Volvo sont relieÌ?s aÌ? la toile. De plus, AOL a... 24 millions d'abonneÌ?s.
+LONDRES
+Certains utilisateurs intensifs d'un abonnement illimiteÌ? au tarif de 10 livres sterling -700 FB environ- par mois passent jusqu'aÌ? 17 heures en ligne par jour, parfois aÌ? des fins commerciales, a deÌ?clareÌ? un porte-parole du prestataire de service. La socieÌ?teÌ? a deÌ?clareÌ? que c'eÌ?tait un cas de rupture de contrat eÌ?tant donneÌ? la sollicitation anormale de la capaciteÌ? du reÌ?seau qui en deÌ?coule. En remplacement, les quelques 600 aÌ? 700 internautes concerneÌ?s se sont vu proposer un abonnement au service ADSL -Asymetric digital subscriber line-, une connexion rapide internet via le reÌ?seau teÌ?leÌ?phonique classique, mais qui devrait leur couÌ?ter quatre fois plus cher. Les Britanniques surfent en moyenne 20 minutes par jour. D'autres fournisseurs d'acceÌ?s internet plus modestes -tels Breathe- ont deÌ?jaÌ? pris des reÌ?solutions similaires, tandis que d'autres ont tout bonnement abandonneÌ? leurs offres d'abonnement illimiteÌ? pour des raisons de couÌ?t tr
op eÌ?leveÌ?.
+hugo.roy.net/addicts.html
+Sotheby's sur le net
+Les forfaits en ligne ne sont pas rentables
+Pourtant, c'est une eÌ?ventualiteÌ? que n'envisage pas le catalogue d'interconnexion de l'opeÌ?rateur historique français. Ce dernier preÌ?cise que les clauses, graÌ?ce auxquelles ses concurrents peuvent acceÌ?der aÌ? son reÌ?seau local, eÌ?taient connues. World Online et One Tel, d'autres fournisseurs actifs en France, ont deÌ?jaÌ? eÌ?teÌ? contraints de renoncer. Manifestement, ils ont eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?bordeÌ?s par une demande supeÌ?rieure aÌ? leurs capaciteÌ?s techniques. Aujourd'hui, AOL preÌ?tend acquitter 6 FF par minute de communication locale aÌ? France TeÌ?leÌ?com. Son forfait internet est, quant lui, illimiteÌ? aÌ? 199 FF. Il ne peut donc eÌ?tre reÌ?muneÌ?rateur que si ses abonneÌ?s surfent moins de 34 heures par mois. Or ce seuil de rentabiliteÌ? a encore eÌ?teÌ? descendu suite aÌ? une campagne promotionnelle aÌ? 99 francs. Il est valable jusqu'aÌ? la fin du mois. Ces chiffres prouvent l'insucceÌ?s de tous les essais preÌ?alables pour offrir un forfait illimiteÌ? en F
rance. AOL France revendique pourtant un succeÌ?s commercial pour son offre. AOl continue aÌ? faire campagne pour une interconnexion forfaitaire illimiteÌ?e. C'est aÌ? dire un tarif annuel.
+NEW YORK
+A partir du 19 octobre Josh Harris, 39 ans, va prendre ses quartiers dans un entrepoÌ?t transformeÌ? en appartement du futur, avec 32 web-cams couvrant toutes les pieÌ?ces, y compris les toilettes, salles de bains et chambres. J. Harris a fait fortune en deÌ?veloppant des logiciels pour forums de discussion sur internet.
+"Vous pourrez nous voir nous disputer, faire l'amour, manger et aller aux toilettes, comme voir comment nos nombreux inviteÌ?s reÌ?agissent aÌ? ce style de vie moderne", explique Josh Harris dans une tribune qu'il tiendra deÌ?sormais reÌ?gulieÌ?rement dans le quotidien New York Post. Josh Harris avait deÌ?jaÌ? deÌ?penseÌ? une petite fortune, en deÌ?cembre, pour faire passer un reÌ?veillon post-moderne, sous l'oeil de web-cams, aÌ? des dizaines de jeunes new-yorkais dans un loft de Manhattan. Il assure que le projet We live in public va lui couÌ?ter un million de dollars. "Nous allons tenter de trouver des reÌ?ponses aux questions suivantes", poursuit-il. "Les inviteÌ?s vont-ils facilement utiliser la salle de bains avec 4 cameÌ?ras ? Tanya et moi allons-nous eÌ?tre capables de revenir aÌ? un mode de vie priveÌ??" Leur vie sera rythmeÌ?e par des expositions, cocktails, matchs de boxe ou parties de strip-poker.
+ Les grands studios hollywoodiens ont trouveÌ? une nouvelle meÌ?thode afin d'empeÌ?cher les critiques de cineÌ?ma de deÌ?molir leurs films: les studios n'organiseront plus d'avant-premieÌ?re pour la presse. La deÌ?monstration de cette meÌ?thode a eÌ?teÌ? faite lors de la projection en avant-premieÌ?re de 'Get Carter', produit par Warner et avec dans le roÌ?le principal Sylvester Stallone. La premieÌ?re du film a eu lieu la semaine dernieÌ?re, mais les journalistes n'y eÌ?taient pas accreÌ?diteÌ?s.
+ Le 23 octobre prochain, la compagnie aeÌ?rienne Lufthansa organisera une vente aux encheÌ?res -sur son site internet- de 55 billets d'avion pour plusieurs destinations un peu partout dans le monde. La mise aÌ? prix de ces billets a eÌ?teÌ? fixeÌ?e aÌ? 1000 FB. Loin de suffire, la personne qui atteindra le plus haut prix sur un billet aura la possibiliteÌ? d'en acqueÌ?rir un deuxieÌ?me au meÌ?me prix pour sa ou son partenaire de voyage. Parmi les destinations proposeÌ?es , on notera Casablanca, Seoul, Washington, Vancouver, Milan, Prague... Le reÌ?glement est d'ores et deÌ?jaÌ? disponible sur le site internet de Lufthansa.
+PARIS
+Jean-Claude Dubost, PDG de Havas Poche, a preÌ?ciseÌ? que les ouvrages seraient factureÌ?s au meÌ?me prix que les livres traditionnels. Il a estimeÌ? que le site 'ePocket' pouvait inteÌ?resser les personnes habitant dans des zones priveÌ?es de grandes librairies, en particulier les francophones se trouvant aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. Il a en outre eÌ?voqueÌ? le risque de voir arriver de grands groupes ameÌ?ricains proposant des services de teÌ?leÌ?chargement. Havas veut "deÌ?fendre" ses contenus sur la plate-forme ePocket mais n'exclut pas de fournir ses contenus sur d'autres supports comme l'eBook ou Cytale.
+FRANCFORT Le nombre de comptes bancaires accessibles via l'internet a deÌ?passeÌ? la barre des 10 millions en Allemagne, mais les consommateurs restent encore treÌ?s meÌ?fiants face aÌ? ce mode de gestion, a indiqueÌ? la FeÌ?deÌ?ration des banques allemandes. "En cinq ans, le nombre de comptes en ligne a eÌ?teÌ? multiplieÌ? par sept", selon le vice-preÌ?sident de la FeÌ?deÌ?ration Wolfgang Arnold. "La barre des 20 millions devrait pouvoir eÌ?tre franchie
+Les creÌ?ateurs de mode ont la fibre high-tech
+Encore dans les labos, mais plus pour longtemps, le " wearable computer", ou veÌ?tement avec intelligence eÌ?lectronique inteÌ?greÌ?e fera bientoÌ?t son apparition. Le Starlab, laboratoire priveÌ? bruxellois, a monteÌ? "i-wear", programme de recherche qui reÌ?unit des industriels comme France TeÌ?leÌ?com, Philips, Samsonite, ou Levis. Le projet, un veÌ?tement capable d'interagir avec le corps et l'environnement, pourrait eÌ?tre commercialiseÌ? rapidement. La premieÌ?re pieÌ?ce sur le marcheÌ?, un blouson, s'acheÌ?tera comme un forfait teÌ?leÌ?phonique, avec un service d'envoi et reÌ?ception d'appels teÌ?leÌ?phoniques et de mails. Starlab n'est pas le seul dans la course au "wearable computer", ni le premier, loin s'en faut. Levis, avec Philips, a deÌ?jaÌ? lanceÌ? en magasin l'ICD+, une veste qui accueille une connexion pour un portable Philips et un lecteur MP3. Le Medialab reÌ?fleÌ?chit aÌ? la question depuis quelques anneÌ?es.
+On se demande ainsi comment on s'habillera demain pour teÌ?leÌ?travailler. La survie de la mode, celle que l'on acheÌ?te pour reÌ?ver, pour se sentir "heureux", passera-t-elle par les nouvelles technologies? Elles seules en tous cas semblent lui donner les cleÌ?s d'une reÌ?geÌ?neÌ?rescence perpeÌ?tuelle.
+NEW YORK
+Chantons sur les sites
+A l'assaut des pubs anglais
+Lors de ce premier trimestre, la division pubs et bars de Whitbread a geÌ?neÌ?reÌ? un exceÌ?dent brut d'exploitation d'environ 104 millions de livres (7,22 milliards de francs). Il reste que cette cession permettrait au groupe britannique de se recentrer sur l'hoÌ?tellerie et la restauration.
+Des ballons pour tous les gouÌ?ts
+En petite ou grande taille, en noir, jaune, rouge ou encore en multicolore, il est possible d'afficher sa marque et son logo sur des ballons de toutes formes. Le concept s'adresse eÌ?galement aux particuliers. Le ballon personnaliseÌ? fait eÌ?galement partie des moyens de communication pour une entreprise. Il peut servir aÌ? deÌ?corer un hall, orner les deÌ?dales d'une galerie commerciale ou simplement eÌ?tre distribueÌ? lors de campagnes ou de manifestations.
+Quelques socieÌ?teÌ?s se sont speÌ?cialiseÌ?es dans la fabrication de ballons et proposent un concept qui s'aveÌ?re aussi large que le public auquel elles se destinent. En effet, ces produits ne s'adressent pas seulement aux entreprises, mais eÌ?galement aux particuliers qui souhaitent marquer de manieÌ?re personnaliseÌ?e un Halloween, NoeÌ?l, le Nouvel an, un mariage, la St-Valentin, St-Nicolas, la feÌ?tes des meÌ?res, ou tout autre moment important du calendrier.
+Les "Amerloques" sont-ils loufoques?
+Toujours en avance sur leur temps, les AmeÌ?ricains sont incontestablement les rois du marketing. Ces "grands gosses" ont l'art d'inventer une flopeÌ?e d'objets qui deÌ?barqueront chez nous toÌ?t ou tard. MalgreÌ? les mauvaises langues, voici un avant-gouÌ?t des prochaines tendances.
+ tt:Trinquer aÌ? une meilleure santeÌ?
+ tt: S'embellir et se faciliter l'existence!
+ tt:OpeÌ?ration seÌ?duction des consommateurs juniors
+Les poupeÌ?es des charts dans les magasins
+Universal Music met son catalogue en ligne
+Universal Music a entameÌ? les tests d'un nouveau service de musique en ligne qui ouvre, moyennant un abonnement, un acceÌ?s complet et illimiteÌ? aÌ? tous les titres de son catalogue. Ce service devient deÌ?s lors la premieÌ?re initiative d'abonnement illimiteÌ? d'une 'majors' en matieÌ?re de distribution de musique sur internet. Elle constitue eÌ?galement une nouvelle reÌ?plique de l'industrie du disque contre la socieÌ?teÌ? Napster qui propose le teÌ?leÌ?chargement gratuit de fichiers musicaux au format MP3. La peÌ?riode d'essai de ce nouveau service est pour l'instant gratuite mais reÌ?serveÌ?e aux 5.000 abonneÌ?s de Farmclub.com, un label d'Universal sur le Web. La maison de disque internationale compte par la suite faire payer l'acceÌ?s pour un montant que certains speÌ?cialistes estiment aÌ? 15 dollars par mois. Les testeurs privileÌ?gieÌ?s peuvent ainsi avoir acceÌ?s aux 20.000 titres du catalogue d'Universal Music, mais ils ne peuvent pas encore les teÌ?leÌ?charger.
Ces fichiers ne sont en effet accessibles qu'en "streaming", eÌ?coutables en ligne. De nombreux analystes pensent que tous les labels devraient en fait se reÌ?unir pour proposer un service d'abonnement en commun et espeÌ?rer concurrencer Napster.
+Washington
+Les portails comme Yahoo.com devraient, toujours selon IDC, faire davantage d'efforts pour attirer les nouveaux utilisateurs puisqu'il apparaiÌ?t que ces derniers restent souvent fideÌ?les au premier portail qu'ils deÌ?couvrent. Une fideÌ?lisation qui est tant rechercheÌ?e par les 'cyber-annonceurs' qui ne jurent trop souvent que par le nombre d'internautes qui visitent les sites.
+ Bien que la carte de creÌ?dit intervienne encore aujourd'hui pour 98,5 p.c. des transactions internet, les nouvelles solutions technologiques devraient rapidement se tailler la part du lion. L'anneÌ?e prochaine, 10 p.c. deÌ?jaÌ? du marcheÌ? internet se fera par carte aÌ? puce, dixit une eÌ?tude d'Activemedia. Il est clair que les 'mixed mode transactions' resteront importantes, ajoute le bureau d'eÌ?tudes. Il s'agit en l'occurrence de commandes via internet ou de commandes initieÌ?es par le Net mais qui sont placeÌ?es par fax ou teÌ?leÌ?phone et ne sont pas payeÌ?es en ligne. Ainsi, l'on utilisera davantage l'Automated Check Handling (ACH).
+
+De nombreuses possibiliteÌ?s existent en matieÌ?re de marketing interactif: bases de donneÌ?es permettant d'organiser la preÌ?sentation de multiples informations sur des produits ou des services, forums, sondages, bulletins hebdomadaires ou mensuels annonçant les dernieÌ?res creÌ?ations d'une entreprise particulieÌ?rement prolifique... Plus original: la lettre qui engendrera une reÌ?ponse tout aÌ? fait personnelle. C'est ainsi que, sur le site www.noeleternel.com, les enfants peuvent envoyer quelques mots au peÌ?re NoeÌ?l. Promis, jureÌ?, celui-ci leur reÌ?pondra meÌ?me s'il est treÌ?s occupeÌ?! L'envoi de cartes postales eÌ?lectroniques -par exemple pour un anniversaire- constitue aussi un bon moyen de creÌ?er un site interactif. Sans oublier la 'chasse au treÌ?sor', qui invite les visiteurs aÌ? deÌ?nicher divers eÌ?leÌ?ments cacheÌ?s dans les pages d'un site web.
+ Il est tentant d'utiliser internet pour reÌ?aliser un 'mailing' rapide et peu couÌ?teux. Attention cependant aÌ? l'impact neÌ?gatif que peut avoir la technique du 'e-mailing' si elle est mal utiliseÌ?e. Le site lettre du marketing.com donne quelques conseils pratiques et recense les erreurs aÌ? eÌ?viter. Parmi celles-ci figure le 'spamming', qui consiste aÌ? envoyer, en grand nombre, des e-mails aÌ? des destinataires qui n'ont rien demandeÌ?. VoilaÌ? qui risque de les mettre de mauvaise humeur! Mieux vaut donc envoyer un courrier eÌ?lectronique promotionnel aÌ? des personnes qui ont deÌ?jaÌ? eu un contact avec l'entreprise effectuant l''e-mailing'.
+ D'abord, n'est pas chasseÌ? qui veut. Compte tenu des honoraires pratiqueÌ?s par les cabinets speÌ?cialiseÌ?s, les entreprises investissent dans ce mode de recrutement uniquement pour les postes de cadres dirigeants ou aux profils treÌ?s pointus. Ensuite, ce n'est pas parce qu'un chasseur de teÌ?te vous approche qu'il va forceÌ?ment vous proposer un emploi. "Pour un poste, nous approchons en moyenne dix candidats", teÌ?moigne une chasseuse de teÌ?te. "ApreÌ?s entretien, nous en seÌ?lectionnons seulement trois que nous preÌ?sentons au client". Les heureux eÌ?lus suivent ensuite le processus de recrutement classique de l'entreprise.
+ L'emploi du GSM et l'envoi de SMS (Short Message Service) sont rentreÌ?s treÌ?s rapidement dans les moeurs des jeunes Belges. C'est le constat de la firme ameÌ?ricaine de mobilophonie Motorola, qui a preÌ?senteÌ? hier les reÌ?sultats d'une enqueÌ?te, meneÌ?e en septembre dernier, aupreÌ?s de 307 jeunes utilisateurs de GSM. 56 % des sondeÌ?s posseÌ?dent un teÌ?leÌ?phone mobile depuis moins d'une anneÌ?e et 15 % d'entre eux emploient leur GSM plus de cinq fois par jour.
+Renault, une voiture aÌ? 5.000 euros
+Le bonhomme Michelin, meilleur logo du monde
+Le bonhomme Michelin, l'embleÌ?me du fabricant français de pneumatiques depuis 102 ans, a eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?signeÌ? comme le meilleur logo du monde. Monsieur Bibendum faisait partie d'une liste de cinquante logos proposeÌ?e aÌ? un jury mondial issu du monde des arts, de la deÌ?coration ou du design. Il a reÌ?ussi l'exploit de devancer des logos aussi connus que ceux de la Croix-rouge (3eÌ?me position), Nike (4eÌ?me) ou Coca-cola (9eÌ?me), selon le Financial Times. Le logo du London underground -un cercle rouge au ventre blanc et barreÌ? d'un trait bleu signalant le meÌ?tro de la capitale britannique- a deÌ?crocheÌ? la 2eÌ?me place.
+Le bon gouÌ?t aux oubliettes
+Il peut paraiÌ?tre eÌ?tonnant, eÌ?tant donneÌ? le nombre eÌ?leveÌ? d'autorisations que reçoit une publiciteÌ? avant d'eÌ?tre diffuseÌ?e, de voir des entreprises passer aÌ? coÌ?teÌ? de leur message. La firme Nike vient de connaiÌ?tre cette expeÌ?rience. Dans sa dernieÌ?re publiciteÌ? teÌ?leÌ? pour les 'Nike ACG Air Dri-trail', le fabriquant assure le jogger que ces nouvelles chaussures vont lui permettre "d'eÌ?viter de se cogner aux arbres", ainsi que tout autre accident qui pourrait le rendre "difforme, une paÌ?le copie de son eÌ?tre, forceÌ? de tourner en chaise roulante motoriseÌ?e avec son nom graveÌ? sur une plaque d'immatriculation kitch du type de celles que vous gagnez dans les stands au carnaval". Evidemment, cette publiciteÌ? n'a pas manqueÌ? de choquer, d'attirer les foudres des personnes handicapeÌ?es sur la firme, dont elles jugent la publiciteÌ? "outrageante" et "deÌ?nigrante". Nike a immeÌ?diatement deÌ?cideÌ? d'annuler la publiciteÌ? et a publieÌ? des excuse
s formelles sur son site web. La firme s'est justifieÌ?e en expliquant qu'ils voulaient montrer qu'utiliser les bonnes chaussures peut eÌ?viter de graves accidents. Mais Nike n'est pas le seul aÌ? mal anticiper les reÌ?actions du public aÌ? une annonce publicitaire. Ainsi la Fox TV a duÌ? annuler ses bandes annonces de sa nouvelle eÌ?mission 'The Street', lesquels offraient un pieÌ?tre portrait de la femme. Finalement, les justifications sont plus ou moins toujours les meÌ?mes: "Nous voulons eÌ?tre provoquants. Nous voulons que les gens s'attardent sur nos annonces. Mais nous ne voulons faÌ?cher personne".
+PARIS Le bouquet numeÌ?rique français TPS (TeÌ?leÌ?vision par satellite) deÌ?veloppe une nouvelle manieÌ?re de s'abonner. Une campagne nationale de publiciteÌ? qui va permettre, selon les espeÌ?rances de ses promoteurs, d'attirer un grand nombre de nouveaux abonneÌ?s. ConcreÌ?tement, il s'agit pour le teÌ?leÌ?spectateur de souscrire un contrat d'abonnement entre le 1er novembre et le 31 deÌ?cembre 2000. Et pendant trois mois, il ne lui sera rien demandeÌ?. Les 130 chaiÌ?nes seront accessibles gratuitement. Ensuite, le client aura le choix entre les diffeÌ?rents forfaits classiques, en fonction des habitudes qu'il aura acquises, et en connaissance de cause pour les chaiÌ?nes.
+NEW YORK
+S'ils deÌ?sirent utiliser l'un des logiciels mis aÌ? leur disposition, ils devront acquitter leurs deux dollars de redevance aÌ? la caisse, en meÌ?me temps que le prix de leur connection aÌ? internet. Microsoft pense, aÌ? l'avenir, appliquer ce systeÌ?me de 'pay-per-use' (paiement en fonction de l'utilisation) aÌ? l'ensemble de sa production, et pas seulement aÌ? trois de ses logiciels. Avec cette initiative, l'entreprise de Bill Gates espeÌ?re 'toucher' une clienteÌ?le en deÌ?placement, qui posseÌ?de deÌ?jaÌ? ces logiciels aÌ? domicile ou au bureau. Elle ne craint donc pas d'impact neÌ?gatif sur ses ventes.
+Une premieÌ?re europeÌ?enne avec 'Cybero'
+Le marcheÌ? des douches deÌ?borde sur celui des bains
+NeÌ? en 1980, le marcheÌ? des gels douche est en pleine croissance. Il a d'ailleurs largement supplanteÌ? les produits lieÌ?s au bain. plusieurs raisons aÌ? cela... Selon une eÌ?tude de la revue professionnelle française 'Emballage Digest', le segement des gels douche est en pleine expansion. Avec 2,1 milliards de francs français de chiffre d'affaires et 183 millions d'uniteÌ?s, les gels douche se taillent la part du lion sur un total bain/douche de 2,5 milliards de FF et 204 millions d'uniteÌ?s. Segment le plus dynamique (+ 11,3% en valeur et + 7,7% en volume), il tire le marcheÌ? dans son ensemble. Le marcheÌ? du bain, plus ancien, est en perte de vitesse (-1,2% en valeur et -4% en volume). Deux raisons principales expliquent cette situation. Tout d'abord, les jeunes consommateurs preÌ?feÌ?rent les douches aux bains (ils les trouvent plus pratiques). D'autre part, les appartements sont de plus en plus nombreux aÌ? eÌ?tre eÌ?quipeÌ?s de cabines de douche plutoÌ?t que de
baignoires.
+Belgacom choisit Space
+Rothschild met son 'pinard' sur le web
+AÌ? la fin du 18e sieÌ?cle, Mayer Amschel Rothschild, fondateur de la dynastie Rothschild, envoie ses cinq fils dans cinq grandes capitales europeÌ?ennes. Les freÌ?res restent en contact et deÌ?veloppent, avant l'heure, l'art d'eÌ?changer des informations plus vite et mieux que les autres. Toujours en avance sur son temps, Baron Philippe de Rothschild S.A. propose aujourd'hui un site Internet d'avant-garde. 'Marier tradition et moderniteÌ?', voilaÌ? ce qu'indique la plaquette de preÌ?sentation du site baronphilippederothschild.com. Il s'agit d'une vitrine en ligne preÌ?sentant la socieÌ?teÌ? productrice de vin ainsi qu'un site marchand. Sur baronphilippederothschild.com ou bpdr.com, c'est l'histoire de la famille et des diffeÌ?rents vins qui sont traiteÌ?s. Sur labaronnie.fr, on parle plutoÌ?t affaires, avec une galerie des grands crus que tout internaute peut acheter et des fiches sur chaque vin. AÌ? noter que deÌ?s la premieÌ?re commande, l'internaute roturier devient memb
re du Club La Baronnie, qui lui donne acceÌ?s aÌ? des offres speÌ?ciales. Parmi celles-ci, le chaÌ?teau Mouton Rothschild 1996, 1er Grand Cru classeÌ?, AOC Pauillac aÌ? 9.600 francs français la caisse en bois de six bouteilles.
+LOS ANGELES
+Les informations fournies par ce logiciel sont de plusieurs ordres: certaines releÌ?vent du simple bon sens, d'autres sont plus sophistiqueÌ?es. Exemples: une promotion attirera-t-elle plus l'attention si elle est imprimeÌ?e en rouge ou en orange sur le portail internet? Une offre speÌ?ciale de produits PokeÌ?mon aura-t-elle plus de succeÌ?s qu'une promotion sur des produits de jardinage? GraÌ?ce aÌ? de telles informations, les magasins online sont deÌ?sormais susceptibles d'adapter immeÌ?diatement leurs offres, en fonction des reÌ?actions des internautes. Sans que cela s'apparente vraiment aÌ? une surveillance aÌ? la 'Big Brother'.
+ Le site buyIT.be, lanceÌ? en juin 2000 par deux jeunes informaticiens, propose une offre originale en Belgique. Il permet en effet de faire ses achats en ligne par l'intermeÌ?diaire des 250 sites d'e-commerce qui y sont reÌ?pertorieÌ?s. L'utilisateur y trouve des outils de recherche lui permettant d'effectuer son shopping par mot-cleÌ?, cateÌ?gorie de produit, zone geÌ?ographique ou comparaison de prix. Des informations sur les magasins online et sur le paiement seÌ?curiseÌ? sont eÌ?galement disponibles sur ce site, parmi de nombreuses autres rubriques, dont certaines vont encore eÌ?tre deÌ?veloppeÌ?es aÌ? partir de deÌ?cembre prochain.
+
+Cela peut paraiÌ?tre naiÌ?f, mais c'est neÌ?cessaire. -Utiliser des teÌ?moignages dans la preÌ?sentation de votre produit ou service. C'est notre coÌ?teÌ? greÌ?gaire. -Offrir une garantie beÌ?ton, pour rassurer l'internaute. -Utiliser un vocabulaire de la muerte, quelque chose de fort, d'original. -Mettre en avant les beÌ?neÌ?fices que peuvent retirer vos futurs clients, pas vos capaciteÌ?s techniques propres. -Prendre les gens aÌ? l'envers, par provocation (ne lisez pas cet article). -Enfin, le plus important, il faut eÌ?tre honneÌ?te. Tout simplement.
+TOULOUSE Le PDG de Renault, Louis Schweitzer, s'est deÌ?clareÌ? "convaincu" que le groupe japonais Nissan, controÌ?leÌ? par Renault, "va continuer son redressement". M. Schweitzer, qui s'exprimait devant une quarantaine de chefs d'entreprise de la reÌ?gion Midi-PyreÌ?neÌ?es, en marge de la preÌ?sentation aÌ? la presse de la Laguna 2, a deÌ?clareÌ?: "Lorsque nous avons utiliseÌ? toutes nos reÌ?serves financieÌ?res pour controÌ?ler Nissan, on nous a dit 'vous eÌ?tes bien audacieux'. Aujourd'hui, ça tourne apparemment bien, et je suis convaincu que ça va continuer". Nissan a annonceÌ? la semaine dernieÌ?re un retour aux beÌ?neÌ?fices au premier semestre de l'exercice 2000/2001.
+NEW YORK Avant d'eÌ?tre diffuseÌ?s dans le monde entier, les films Pepsi International doivent passer par plusieurs eÌ?tapes treÌ?s seÌ?lectives. Cela s'appelle un 'killing process'. Chaque anneÌ?e, en mars, un brief est adresseÌ? par l'agence de publiciteÌ? centrale de Paris (CLM/BBDO) aÌ? d'autres agences du reÌ?seau dans le monde. ApreÌ?s plusieurs mois de travail, les scripts sont trieÌ?s en juillet aÌ? New York par un comiteÌ? de seÌ?lection. Les scripts retenus sont soumis au directeur marketing international de la multinationale. Puis deÌ?bute le 'Pepsi World Tour' au cours duquel sont preÌ?senteÌ?s les futurs films. Le feu vert deÌ?finitif est donneÌ? en automne, en vue d'une diffusion l'anneÌ?e suivante.
+ Pour les possesseurs de Harley Davidson, Motorola vient de lancer le GPS 'Vision by Immobiliser'. Il s'agit d'un systeÌ?me de positionnement satellite inteÌ?greÌ? au corps de la machine, treÌ?s utile en cas de vol ou de soireÌ?e trop arroseÌ?e. Si la Harley est 'emprunteÌ?e', le proprieÌ?taire est preÌ?venu sur son pager (ou sur d'autres appareils mobiles) et il pourra immobiliser son veÌ?hicule aÌ? distance. Si malgreÌ? tout le voleur est assez malin pour prendre la tangente avec l'engin, le proprieÌ?taire pourra le suivre aÌ? la trace (fonction tracking) aÌ? partir d'un PC connecteÌ? au Web.
+NEW YORK CreÌ?eÌ? sous la bienveillance du Wall Street Journal, le 'Club des 90%' rassemble les socieÌ?teÌ?s dont les actions ont chuteÌ? de 90% ou plus, cette anneÌ?e. En teÌ?te de ces start-down, ICG Communications qui est speÌ?cialiseÌ? dans les fibres optiques. Le cours de son action a plongeÌ? de 99,4%. De nombreuses entreprises europeÌ?ennes figurent dans ce classement. Trois SueÌ?dois viennent d'en franchir l'entreÌ?e: Icon Medialab, Cell Network et Framfab. Les Anglais ne sont pas en reste avec le site d'encheÌ?res QXL (-96%).
+McDonald's innove son menu
+Suite aÌ? une baisse de ventes, la direction de la chaiÌ?ne de 'fast-food' Mc Donald's a deÌ?cideÌ? de diversifier son menu. DeÌ?sormais, les McDo's offriront des plats mexicains, ainsi que des saucisses de Francfort.
+Les nouveaux dirigeants de McDonald's ont donc opteÌ? pour ce que l'on appelle une 'campagne agressive'. Les innovations sont deÌ?jaÌ? testeÌ?es dans des McDo's pilotes, au fin fond des Etas-Unis. On y trouve des burritos (creÌ?pes mexicaines fourreÌ?es), des bratwurst (saucisses de Francfort), des sundaes au brownie (creÌ?me glaceÌ?e au chocolat) et d'autres deÌ?licieux biscuits exotiques. En cas de succeÌ?s, on pourra bientoÌ?t gouÌ?ter ces produits en Europe. Ces nouveauteÌ?s culinaires s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un "programme de reÌ?invention de marque", pour lequel l'entreprise a investi 400 millions de dollars (18 milliards de FB). Ces nouveaux plats, choisis par des experts en marketing et non par des cuisiniers, seront rapidement introduits dans les McDo's graÌ?ce aÌ? un nouveau systeÌ?me de cuisson informatiseÌ?e.
+TOKYO Les dirigeants de la puissante CoopeÌ?ration Economique d'Asie Pacifique (APEC) ont indiqueÌ? qu'ils comptent pouvoir offrir un acceÌ?s internet aÌ? tous les habitants de la reÌ?gion pour 2010. Cette organisation qui regroupe tous les pays posseÌ?dant une coÌ?te sur l'OceÌ?an pacifique se regroupera le 15 et le 16 novembre aÌ? Brunei. On y discutera des techniques aÌ? adopter pour parvenir au reÌ?sultat souhaiteÌ?. Selon l'APEC, le nombre d'internautes devrait se doubler d'ici 2005.
+TOKYO
+ Les ventes du constructeur sont en chute libre, surtout au Japon. Et ce, depuis que la presse a reÌ?veÌ?leÌ?, en juillet, une grave affaire de 64.000 plaintes d'usagers pour des deÌ?fauts meÌ?caniques, dissimuleÌ?es aux autoriteÌ?s japonaises pendant plus de 20 ans. Sur le semestre acheveÌ? en septembre, les ventes ont reculeÌ? de 1,5 % aÌ? 1.542 milliards de yens, soit 668,4 milliards de FB. Le beÌ?neÌ?fice imposable a leÌ?geÌ?rement progresseÌ?, de 27,2 aÌ? 29,5 milliards de yens. Le scandale a deÌ?boucheÌ? sur la deÌ?mission du patron de Mitsubishi, Katsuhiko Kawasoe. Il a eÌ?teÌ? remplaceÌ? le premier novembre par Takashi Sonobe (photo). Cette crise va voir le renforcement du geÌ?ant DaimlerChrysler dans l'entreprise nipponne. Ce dernier est devenu l'actionnaire principal de Mitsubishi Motors avec 34 % aÌ? la fin mars.
+Nissan en AmeÌ?rique
+Hitachi et Samsung testent un traducteur pour portables
+Le geÌ?ant japonais de l'eÌ?lectronique Hitachi et son homologue sud-coreÌ?en Samsung vont tester un systeÌ?me de traduction accessible par teÌ?leÌ?phone portable. Ils espeÌ?rent le commercialiser avant la Coupe de monde de football organiseÌ?e conjointement par Tokyo et SeÌ?oul en 2002.
+Il a ajouteÌ? que l'objectif est notamment d'aider les deux peuples, qui se consideÌ?raient comme des ennemis jusqu'aÌ? un deÌ?gel des relations bilateÌ?rales ces dernieÌ?res anneÌ?es, aÌ? mieux communiquer. Sur le principe, ce systeÌ?me transforme les teÌ?leÌ?phones cellulaires en l'eÌ?quivalent d'un appareil portable de traduction. Un Japonais, incapable de parler le coreÌ?en, pourra former un numeÌ?ro speÌ?cial d'un centre informatiseÌ? aÌ? Tokyo et dire une phrase courte. Si la phrase correspond aux 1.500 formules toutes faites meÌ?moriseÌ?es par le systeÌ?me, le traducteur la reÌ?peÌ?tera et demandera confirmation avant de traduire. La personne demandeuse pourra alors passer son teÌ?leÌ?phone aÌ? son interlocuteur qui pourra alors entendre la traduction de la phrase. Hitachi et Samsung vont offrir ce service gratuitement pendant deux mois pour tester le marcheÌ?.
+PARIS L'Alfa Romeo 147 a eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?lue voiture de l'anneÌ?e 2001 par un jury composeÌ? de 56 journalistes automobiles europeÌ?ens. Au terme de l'eÌ?lection la plus serreÌ?e depuis 1964, la voiture italienne a recueilli 238 points, devançant la Ford Mondeo de seulement trois points. La Toyota Prius, premier modeÌ?le de seÌ?rie aÌ? propulsion hybride (moteurs thermique et eÌ?lectrique), a termineÌ? troisieÌ?me, avec seulement neuf points de moins que la gagnante. Ces trois modeÌ?les ont reÌ?colteÌ? plus de la moitieÌ? des points (702) des journalistes composant le jury, les sept autres modeÌ?les s'en partageant 698.
+ Le Beaujolais nouveau est arriveÌ?. Comme chaque troisieÌ?me jeudi du mois de novembre, c'est la deÌ?ferlante marketing. Cette 'tradition' ne remonte, en fait, pas treÌ?s loin. Cette feÌ?te commerciale du vin s'est deÌ?veloppeÌ?e dans le courant des anneÌ?es '60. Aujourd'hui, elle s'abat sur l'Europe entieÌ?re. Au Japon, c'est eÌ?galement la folie du Beauj' nouveau. Ils en sont fous. A Paris, le divin breuvage est aÌ? l'honneur dans la plupart des cafeÌ?s. C'est devenu un rituel meÌ?diatiseÌ?. Reste le vin en lui meÌ?me, jamais geÌ?nial.
+
+A destination d'une cible B to C, Cherami ne peut eÌ?tre envisageÌ? comme un simple gadget. La start-up Cherami a eÌ?teÌ? fondeÌ?e par 5 associeÌ?s mordus de la toile. ils sont issus d'une eÌ?cole de marketing. Et, de fait, ils croient dur comme fer aÌ? l'utiliteÌ? de leur service aÌ? des fins de marketing.
+En effet, le moteur de recherche de Cherami peut devenir l'outil de gestion par excellence d'un carnet d'adresses. RegroupeÌ?es et feÌ?deÌ?reÌ?es, les diffeÌ?rentes sources d'informations contacts deÌ?cuplent leur efficaciteÌ?. Elles sont, immeÌ?diatement, aÌ? la disposition de l'internaute. Et ce, aÌ? tout moment, au sein d'un site simple et chaleureux. Ainsi, lorsque vous recherchez une personne, vous aboutissez aÌ? un contact utile puisque votre reÌ?seau se creÌ?e et se deÌ?veloppe graÌ?ce aux recommandations de chacun de ses membres. C'est somme toute, l'efficaciteÌ? des recherches et la qualiteÌ? des contacts.
+ L'entreprise 'Selectica', qui travaille deÌ?jaÌ? en collaboration avec des grosses entreprises high-tech, propose une solution d'ISS, Internet Selling System, qui permet de guider le consommateur en ligne. Ce systeÌ?me parvient aÌ? reÌ?pliquer en effet une interaction humaine sur tous types de sites Web, Intranet comme Extranet. Le site ameÌ?ricain de BMW notamment utilise deÌ?jaÌ? cette plate-forme d'ISS de Selectica qui offre la configuration de produits en ligne. Les consommateurs qui veulent passer commande au constructeur ont ainsi la possibiliteÌ? de changer aÌ? leur guise la couleur, les accessoires, etc.
+PARIS PassionneÌ? par ces tops-models qui arpentent les catwalks de Milan, Londres, Paris, New-York? Amoureux de ces creÌ?ateurs qui parviennent aÌ? transformer quelques bouts de tissus en oeuvre d'art? L'eÌ?leÌ?gance italienne d'Armani, l'exubeÌ?rance anglaise de John Galliano, la sophistication japonaise de Yohji Yamamoto se retrouvent parmi de nombreux autres grands creÌ?ateurs sur un seul site net. Ce portail preÌ?sente en un coup d'oeil l'actualiteÌ? de la mode, des interviews, les nouvelles tendances de l'anneÌ?e et meÌ?me quelques potins de derrieÌ?re les podiums.
+SAN FRANCISCO
+Les Presto et Subito sur internet
+La Loterie National pourrait prochainement lancer une version on-line des billets aÌ? gratter Subito et Presto. Cette opeÌ?ration s'inscrit dans un contexte de restructuration et d'innovation de la Loterie Nationale. Alors que dans plusieurs pays, les jeux de hasard et les casinos virtuels sur internet se deÌ?veloppent eÌ?normeÌ?ment, en Belgique, c'est la Loterie National qui compte exploiter le creÌ?neau d'internet pour gagner et, aÌ? l'occasion, faire gagner de l'argent. C'est du moins ce qu'affirment les journaux flamands du groupe VUM. "Nous sommes pratiquement preÌ?ts techniquement" leur a indiqueÌ? Paul de Belder, un responsable de la Loterie Nationale. "Un arreÌ?teÌ? royal nous permet de lancer des jeux via les systeÌ?mes eÌ?lectroniques, mais nous attendons un arreÌ?teÌ? d'exeÌ?cution" a-t-il ajouteÌ?. Ainsi, les passionneÌ?s du jeux pourront prochainement gratter virtuellement les Subito et les Presto. Des limitations sont toutefois preÌ?vues pour eÌ?viter l'exceÌ?
s de certains joueurs. Il y aura, par exemple, une carte de client qui ne pourra eÌ?tre deÌ?livreÌ?e que sur preÌ?sentation d'une carte d'identiteÌ?. Il y aura eÌ?galement un montant de mise limiteÌ?.
+Les internautes eÌ?vitent les banques en ligne
+La marque Disneyland deÌ?tourneÌ?e par un site eÌ?rotique
+Le proprieÌ?taire d'un site eÌ?rotique allemand, qui avait deÌ?tourneÌ? la marque du parc d'attractions Disneyland en se faisant enregistrer sous www.disneyland.de a annonceÌ?, attristeÌ?, qu'il allait changer d'heÌ?bergeur, apreÌ?s s'eÌ?tre vu imposer la fermeture de son site.
+Havas se reÌ?organise
+L'e-publiciteÌ? n'attire pas les grandes entreprises US
+Les plus grandes entreprises ameÌ?ricaines reÌ?pertorieÌ?es par l'indice 'Fortune 500' ne se bousculent pas encore dans le paysage publicitaire en ligne, rapporte une eÌ?tude meneÌ?e par la socieÌ?teÌ? AdZone Interactive. Au pays de l'oncle Sam, l'accroissement quotidien du nombre d'internautes semble laisser de glace les entreprises de grande envergure. "Sur un total des investissements publicitaires en ligne estimeÌ? aÌ? 1,6 milliards de dollars au mois de septembre, les dix premieÌ?res entreprises du classement Fortune 500 totalisent moins de 50 millions de dollars", souligne l'eÌ?tude. Walt Disney, qui pointe en 66e position de l'index, se classe en teÌ?te des annonceurs sur internet avec 69,8 millions de dollars d'investissement pour septembre. Sept des socieÌ?teÌ?s appartenant au peloton des dix premieÌ?res au classement Fortune 500 ont investi moins de 10 millions de dollars sur la meÌ?me peÌ?riode. Les grands magasins Wal-Mart Stores Inc. n'ont pas mis un sou dans la
publiciteÌ? en ligne et ExxonMobil, General Electric, Citigroup et Boeing se sont contenteÌ?es de moins d'un million de dollars. AdZone ajoute qu'America Online et Barnes & Noble, 337e et 443e au classement Fortune 500, ont investi respectivement 49,7 et 21,4 millions de dollars dans des campagnes de publiciteÌ? en ligne au cours du mois de septembre.
+FRANCFORT Les deÌ?tenteurs d'actions allemands utilisent davantage l'internet, chez eux ou sur leur lieu de travail, que les non-actionnaires, selon un sondage publieÌ? jeudi par le club d'industriels et financiers Deutsches Aktieninstitut (DAI).
+Plus de 36% des premiers disposaient de cet acceÌ?s aÌ? la maison, la proportion n'eÌ?tant que de 12,3% chez les seconds.
+Les entreprises allemandes coteÌ?es en bourse "ont largement saisi l'importance de l'internet comme moyen de communication avec leurs actionnaires", affirme le DAI dans un communiqueÌ?.
+Le preÌ?sident du DAI, Ruediger von Rosen, voit dans ces chiffres une preuve que "l'internet deÌ?mocratise l'information. Le deÌ?savantage des petits actionnaires face aux investisseurs professionnels se reÌ?duit".
+Les virements par mobile menacent les banques
+Voici ceux qui acheÌ?tent en ligne
+Fin du Mondial de la publiciteÌ? francophone
+Le Mondial de la publiciteÌ? francophone a officiellement fermeÌ? ses portes, apreÌ?s 15 ans d'existence. Le conseil d'administration reÌ?uni aÌ? Paris lors de la dernieÌ?re eÌ?dition du Mondial, a voteÌ? la fermeture du secreÌ?tariat geÌ?neÌ?ral de l'organisation, baseÌ?e aÌ? MontreÌ?al. Le preÌ?sident du Mondial, Patrick Beauduin, explique la fin de l'organisation par la perte de sources importantes de financement, mais aussi par une deÌ?saffection des publicitaires. "Il y a 5 ans, les hoÌ?tes du Mondial accueillaient jusqu'aÌ? 200 publicitaires eÌ?trangers", a-t-il deÌ?clareÌ? aÌ? infopresse.com. "Cette anneÌ?e, il y en a eu aÌ? peine une centaine". Du point de vue financier, ils ne peuvent plus compter sur les contributions du gouvernement du QueÌ?bec qu'il avait reçues par le passeÌ?: le ministeÌ?re de la Culture et des Communications accordait un appui financier, et le ministeÌ?re des Relations internationales preÌ?tait des fonctionnaires. Le Mondial, dont le program
me comprenait diverses confeÌ?rences et un concours, reÌ?unissait chaque anneÌ?e, dans un pays diffeÌ?rent, les publicitaires de 7 zones francophones du monde entier, soit la France, le QueÌ?bec, la Suisse, la Belgique, le Maroc, le Liban et l'Afrique noire. Le dernier Mondial de la publiciteÌ? francophone s'est deÌ?rouleÌ? aÌ? Paris, les 13 et 14 novembre derniers. C'eÌ?tait eÌ?galement l'occasion de deÌ?cerner les tropheÌ?es pour les meilleures publiciteÌ?s. La Belgique signe quelques jolis scores, remportant par exemple l'or dans la cateÌ?gorie radio, avec le "creÌ?dit logement", produit par l'agence Duval Guillaume.
+
+100 millions pour le lancement de TV2000
+Le timbre eÌ?lectronique en perte de vitesse NEW YORK Le timbre eÌ?lectronique a-t-il un avenir? Le concept montre deÌ?jaÌ? d'eÌ?vidents signes de faiblesse alors qu'il n'a pas encore conquis le marcheÌ?. E-Stamps, la socieÌ?teÌ? pionnieÌ?re dans la vente de timbres virtuels aÌ? imprimer, preÌ?feÌ?re en effet se recentrer sur ses activiteÌ?s logistiques. Le concept eÌ?tait pourtant simple et attractif: vendre via internet des timbres virtuels aÌ? imprimer sur les enveloppes. E-Stamps avait tenteÌ? de conqueÌ?rir le marcheÌ? europeÌ?en mais n'eÌ?tait pas parvenu aÌ? toucher le public. La pionnieÌ?re laisse ainsi le champ libre aux USA aÌ? sa principale concurrente Stamps.com.
+
+Au niveau de la programmation, on constate le succeÌ?s consideÌ?rable depuis 1999 d'un nouveau genre, la reality TV, avec notamment le ceÌ?leÌ?bre "Big Brother" mais aussi "De Mol" (d'origine belge) qui s'exportent bien. European Key Facts a aussi noteÌ? le retour des jeux teÌ?leÌ?viseÌ?s en prime-time et surtout le grand inteÌ?reÌ?t pour l'eÌ?mission "Qui veut devenir millionnaire", diffuseÌ? dans 77 pays. Pour les films, comme les anneÌ?es preÌ?ceÌ?dentes, ce sont les Etats-Unis qui restent le principal fournisseur en Europe. Le film le plus regardeÌ? en 1999 dans les pays eÌ?tudieÌ?s eÌ?tait "Independance Day" et la seÌ?rie preÌ?feÌ?reÌ?e eÌ?tait "X Files".
+L'ouvrage indique, en outre, que la teÌ?leÌ?vision digitale est fort priseÌ?e en Europe. Quelque 12 millions de meÌ?nages sont ainsi abonneÌ?s aÌ? un bouquet numeÌ?rique. (Photo VTM)
+
+La seule chose certaine, c'est que la musique est preÌ?feÌ?rable au silence. Ne serait-ce que parce que le "vide" intimide le client. Il importe neÌ?anmoins de changer les cassettes. Alors que le client ne fait que passer dans la boutique, le personnel y reste toute la journeÌ?e.
+MUNICH
+En eÌ?change, EM.TV, une socieÌ?teÌ? munichoise qui a connu en trois ans une ascension meÌ?teÌ?orique mais a vu son cours sur le nouveau marcheÌ? de la bourse de Francfort s'effondrer ces derniers mois, obtient 100% des droits de la 'Junior Bibliothek', un catalogue international de quelque 20.000 heures de programmes aÌ? destination de la jeunesse.
+Outre jusqu'ici 50% des droits de la F1, EM.TV controÌ?le eÌ?galement la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine de production teÌ?leÌ?visuelle Jim Henson et Co, proprieÌ?taire des droits des marionnettes 'Muppets'.
+A la bourse de Francfort, l'action de la socieÌ?teÌ? a deÌ?gringoleÌ? de plus de 22% deÌ?s l'ouverture lundi.
+PARIS Cette anneÌ?e, la revue 'StrateÌ?gies' a deÌ?cerneÌ? le titre d'homme de l'anneÌ?e aÌ? Jean-Marie Messier, pdg de Vivendi. Cela, pour avoir notamment racheteÌ? le poÌ?le meÌ?dias de Seagram et les ceÌ?leÌ?bres studios hollywoodiens d'Universal. Il succeÌ?de aÌ? AimeÌ? Jacquet (1998) et Daniel Bernard (1999), preÌ?sident de Carrefour. Au classement, Jean-Marie Messier devance Michel Bon (France Telecom), Louis Scweitzer (Renault), Thierry Breton (Thomson MultimeÌ?dia), Maurice LeÌ?vy (Publicis), Jean-Marie Colombani (Le Monde) ou encore Patrick Le Lay (TF1).
+ Le groupe Renmans a choisi les logiciels ERP (Entreprise ressource Planning) du nouveau groupe IT belge 'Help Office' pour satisfaire ses besoins comptables et financiers. Une solution de gestion inteÌ?greÌ?e qui concernent plus de 250 boucheries. Outil multi-leÌ?gislation, multilingue et multidevises, 'Eurojob3' permettra l'importation automatique des versements bancaires. Il s'agit d'un produit parameÌ?table, deÌ?veloppeÌ? en Powerbuilder, Java et Oracle, pour PC et MAC.
+AUDENARDE Philippe Starck, la star des designers français, a eÌ?teÌ? choisi par Samsonite, le numeÌ?ro un mondial du bagage, pour creÌ?er une nouvelle collection. Selon le communiqueÌ?, cette ligne de bagages marie l'eÌ?leÌ?gance pure aÌ? une technologie de pointe. "Nous voulons de la leÌ?geÌ?reteÌ?", souligne Starck. "Nous aspirons aÌ? une eÌ?leÌ?gance nouvelle, faite de deÌ?mateÌ?rialisation et d'hypertechnologie effaceÌ?e". ReÌ?aliseÌ?e avec des mateÌ?riaux leÌ?gers et eÌ?pureÌ?s, cette ligne porte au premier coup de d'oeil la patte du meÌ?diatique designer qui assure qu'"un jour prochain, vous verrez, les bagages se porteront eux-meÌ?mes". Cette vaste collection au design particulier est disponible en deux coloris, gris et brun.
+PARIS Une enqueÌ?te reÌ?aliseÌ?e par l'institut de sondage BVA et Geody's, expose, dans un livre intituleÌ? 'L'eÌ?tat de la marque' (Presse du Management), les marques deÌ?testeÌ?es des nos voisins. Ainsi, et sans qu'aucune liste n'ait eÌ?teÌ? proposeÌ?e, c'est... Coca-Cola qui s'octroie le tropheÌ?e de la marque maudite. Le limonadier est suivi du distributeur Carrefour et de la chaiÌ?ne de fast-food McDonald's. Ce trio exprimerait, selon Geody's, le vague contre la malbouffe qui eÌ?cume, ces derniers temps, l'Hexagone.
+PARIS
+La maison, fondeÌ?e en 1957, avait eÌ?teÌ? racheteÌ?e en 1995 par Jacques Konckier, deÌ?jaÌ? deÌ?tenteur de la licence 'Parfums Ted Lapidus' et preÌ?sident du groupe Jacques Bogart (parfums Jacques Bogart, parfums et couture Balenciaga, ligne Jeanne Piaubert, etc). Didier Grumbach, preÌ?sident de la FeÌ?deÌ?ration française de la Couture et du PreÌ?t-aÌ?-porter, a dit regretter l'arreÌ?t de la haute couture chez Lapidus. Une page est tourneÌ?e.
+Avec la disparition de l'activiteÌ? haute couture de Lapidus, c'est toute la mode française qui prend un coup de vieux.
+BERLIN
+L'utilisation des services en ligne inclut le lancement d'un site web, les services de commerce eÌ?lectronique ou des boutiques en ligne.
+Pourtant, "le commerce eÌ?lectronique n'est pas une terre inconnue pour l'industrie allemande", a-t-il estimeÌ?. Et d'ajouter que "seule une minoriteÌ? d'entreprises profitent du reÌ?el potentiel de restructurations de leurs activiteÌ?s (via internet), allant de la production aÌ? la vente".
+D'autre part, un quart des socieÌ?teÌ?s interrogeÌ?es affirment manquer de personnel qualifieÌ? pour deÌ?velopper des services en ligne. (photo Philips)
+LONDRES Pour feÌ?ter dignement son entreÌ?e sur le web, le veÌ?neÌ?rable Guiness Book des Records a eu l'originale ideÌ?e de faire appel aÌ? la science pour creÌ?er une publiciteÌ?. Ces fameux promoteurs de tout les exceÌ?s humains ont fait inscrire le nom de domaine -guinessworldrecords.com- aÌ? l'or fin, graÌ?ce aÌ? un laser et un pochoir, sur un morceau de film d'une taille eÌ?quivalente au diameÌ?tre d'un cheveu. Cette pub a ensuite eÌ?teÌ? fixeÌ?e au 'genou' d'une patte d'abeille. Pourquoi un genou d'abeille, pourrait-on demander aÌ? juste titre? Et bien pour contenter ces amateurs de calembours un peu vaseux. En anglais, "des genoux d'abeille" se disent: "bee's knees". Certains entendraient-ils "Business"?
+COPENHAGUE Lego a mis en place, avec l'agence danoise Ahead A/S une campagne destineÌ?e aÌ? toutes les femmes d'Europe, meÌ?res d'enfants aÌ?geÌ?s de 0 aÌ? 5 ans. La campagne avait pour but de les sensibiliser aÌ? la neÌ?cessiteÌ? de combiner pour leurs enfants jeux sur ordinateur, activiteÌ? au sol et lecture. Lego se positionnant eÌ?videmment comme un bon compromis entre ces trois tendances. Des mailings reÌ?guliers ont inviteÌ? ces meÌ?res aÌ? se connecter reÌ?gulieÌ?rement aux sites Duplo et Lego Primo. Tandis que ces sites mettaient en relief l'importance des Lego dans le deÌ?veloppement de l'enfant. En un an, les sites Web ont reçu 66 000 visites par mois et les ventes de la marque ont augmenteÌ? de 30%.
+PARIS
+Car internet ne se reÌ?sume pas aÌ? un pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne de mode. Il s'agit pour ces grandes marques prestigieuses de s'y installer avec leurs propres codes. Et une fois le site construit et l'image de la marque maiÌ?triseÌ?e, il reste aÌ? nourrir le mythe. Et c'est laÌ? que les marques de luxe innovent, et font preuve de la plus grande creÌ?ativiteÌ?. Animations ouÌ? se meÌ?lent l'estheÌ?tique et le reÌ?ve sont monnaie courante, de meÌ?me que des actions marketing originales. Giorgio Armani, le joaillier italien Bulgari, Paco Rabanne et les autres preÌ?sentent des sites treÌ?s agreÌ?ables, en musique, tourneÌ?es vers le client, mais en respectant toujours une des reÌ?gles d'or de la profession: privileÌ?gier l'eÌ?litisme. Sur le net, cela se traduit par le recours aux plus reÌ?centes technologies, flash5 ou shockwave pour les animations,... Une manieÌ?re de demeurer proche du fantasme et lointain du quotidien.
+BONN Le constructeur aeÌ?ronautique europeÌ?en Airbus preÌ?voit la production future d'un nouvel avion supersonique qui devrait remplacer le Concorde. C'est ce qu'a deÌ?clareÌ? l'ingeÌ?nieur en chef du groupe europeÌ?en, Jean-Jacques Mirat, dans une interview aÌ? la revue allemande 'Flugrevue'. Ce nouvel avion aurait une capaciteÌ? de 250 personnes et devrait atteindre une vitesse double de celle du Concorde. Depuis l'accident du Concorde aÌ? Paris, cet eÌ?teÌ?, les avions supersoniques des compagnies Air France et British Airways sont cloueÌ?s au sol pour des raisons de seÌ?curiteÌ?. Le ministre français des Transports, Jean Claude Gayssot, a cependant souhaiteÌ? que le Concorde reprenne au plus vite ses vols.
+
+ Le jury d'Eurobest a remis la liste des 549 films publicitaires en course pour les Prix Eurobest qui seront deÌ?cerneÌ?s le 2 feÌ?vrier aÌ? Londres. Parmi les travaux retenus, figurent 13 campagnes publicitaires produites en Belgique. Ce qui classe notre pays aÌ? la dixieÌ?me place, loin derrieÌ?re la SueÌ?de (96), l'Allemagne (90), la Grande-Bretagne (70) et l'Espagne (59). La compagnie belge LDV Bates a placeÌ? cinq campagnes dans la shortlist, alors que Duval Guillaume en a placeÌ? 4.
+
+EffectueÌ?e aupreÌ?s de 2000 cyber-consommateurs ameÌ?ricains, cette enqueÌ?te montre que la rentabiliteÌ? d'une opeÌ?ration de promotion en ligne pourrait eÌ?tre nettement ameÌ?lioreÌ?e si elle ciblait les 10% d'internautes qui reÌ?alisent 70% des achats en ligne. Autrement dit, il faut viser un public aÌ?geÌ? de plus de 35 ans, et non de 25 aÌ? 30.
+Carpetland se renforce en Allemagne
+Le jouet n'eÌ?chappe pas aÌ? la mondialisation du marketing
+Cibles de campagnes de marketing agressives, les enfants dans de nombreux pays demandent de plus en plus les meÌ?mes articles. A l'heure d'internet, le systeÌ?me de lancement deÌ?caleÌ? de jouets, d'abord aux Etats-Unis puis six mois apreÌ?s en Europe, est devenu obsoleÌ?te.
+Les parents privileÌ?gient plutoÌ?t les jouets eÌ?ducatifs, mais ce sont les enfants qui "ont le plus de poids" dans le choix final, souligne John Ho, reÌ?dacteur en chef du magazine de Hong Kong 'In Toys'. L'Association britannique des vendeurs de jouets (BATR) preÌ?dit que la rutilante trottinette sera la vedette de NoeÌ?l. De Londres aÌ? New York en passant par PeÌ?kin, les toutous eÌ?lectroniques Poo-chi ou Teksta, qui dansent et chantent, devraient aussi se tailler un beau succeÌ?s. La moitieÌ? des dix versions proposeÌ?es par le vendeur en ligne eToys sont eÌ?puiseÌ?es. Les PokeÌ?mon restent une valeur suÌ?re: la firme BandaiÌ? a vendu 700.000 exemplaires de deux nouveaux jeux videÌ?o avant meÌ?me leur sortie. Hormis les jeux, sacs aÌ? dos, figurines et cartes aÌ? collectionner, le pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne PokeÌ?mon se deÌ?cline aussi en une varieÌ?teÌ? d'articles aÌ? bas prix.
+LONDRES Le producteur britannique de spiritueux Allied Domecq a annonceÌ? avoir renonceÌ? aÌ? la vente aux encheÌ?res des activiteÌ?s de vins et spiritueux de Seagram, organiseÌ?e par le français Vivendi Universal. Le groupe a preÌ?feÌ?reÌ? acqueÌ?rir deux ceÌ?leÌ?bres marques de champagne, Mumm et Perrier-Jouet aÌ? la firme ameÌ?ricaine d'investissements Hicks, Muse, Tate and Furst pour plus de 23 milliards de FB. Dans un communiqueÌ?, le directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral d'Allied Domecq confirmait avoir renonceÌ? aÌ? participer aÌ? la vente aux encheÌ?res des alcools Seagram.
+
+La 'belgique.be' appartient aÌ? une entreprise hollandaise
+Des entreprises neÌ?erlandaises ont fait enregistrer, en quelques jours, un grand nombre de noms de domaines internet belges (.be), rapportent, lundi matin, les journaux du groupe VUM.
+Cocasse, mais logique. Les noms de domaine internet '.be' ont, en effet, eÌ?teÌ? libeÌ?raliseÌ?s. Ce systeÌ?me devrait logiquement permettre aux entreprises, comme aux particuliers, d'obtenir rapidement un nom de domaine internet. Ici, si des firmes neÌ?erlandaises s'emparent des noms de domaine belges, c'est qu'il n'y a pas de principe de territorialiteÌ?. De plus, la DNS (l'Association belge pour l'enregistrement des noms de domaine intrenet) applique le principe de la primauteÌ?. Cela signifie que le premier arriveÌ? est le premier servi. La belgique.be est ainsi hollandaise.
+TOKYO Le constructeur japonais Toyota Motor a preÌ?vu une progression de 3 % de ses ventes et de 1 % de sa production dans le monde entier en 2001. Le numeÌ?ro un nippon table sur la vente de 5,33 millions de veÌ?hicules, dont 1,88 million sur son marcheÌ? inteÌ?rieur (+6 %) et 3,45 millions (+2 %) aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. Il entend pour cela accroiÌ?tre sa production aÌ? 5,27 millions d'automobiles. Mais celle-ci baissera au Japon, de 1 % aÌ? 3,4 millions, alors qu'elle progressera de 6 % aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger, ouÌ? Toyota eÌ?tend son implantation, aÌ? 1,87 million.
+
+Le taux d'erreur pour les articles non deÌ?marqueÌ?s eÌ?tait pour 1,95% au deÌ?triment du consommateur et pour 1,70% aÌ? son avantage. Pour les articles promotionnels, la marge d'erreur eÌ?tait de 2% en faveur du client et de 1,68% en sa deÌ?faveur.
+Pour le ministre de l'Economie, Charles PicqueÌ?, "l'enqueÌ?te meneÌ?e par l'Inspection eÌ?conomique reÌ?pond au neÌ?cessaire controÌ?le d'activiteÌ?s commerciales qui, dans le cas preÌ?sent, touchent l'immense majoriteÌ? de la population".
+L'administration de l'Inspection Economique conclut aÌ? un probleÌ?me structurel propre aÌ? certaines grandes surfaces.
+NEW YORK Dans les couloirs de Wall Street, il se chuchote que le constructeur automobile Ford pourrait se deÌ?barrasser de sa filiale Mercury. Cette dernieÌ?re connaiÌ?t en effet des difficulteÌ?s au niveau de ses ventes, lesquelles ne semblent pas aÌ? la hauteur des autres marques du groupe telles Ford bien suÌ?r, mais aussi Land Rover, Jaguar ou Volvo.
+GB: Camelot gagne licence de loterie nationale contre Richard Branson
+La commission de la loterie nationale britannique a annonceÌ? mardi avoir accordeÌ? aÌ? l'exploitant actuel, Camelot, la licence d'exploitation de la loterie nationale pour sept ans, aux deÌ?pens de la People's Lottery meneÌ?e par le milliardaire Richard Branson.
+La commissaire ayant voteÌ? en faveur de People's Lottery, Mme Hilary Blume, s'est deÌ?solidariseÌ?e de la deÌ?cision de la commission et a preÌ?senteÌ? sa deÌ?mission.
+Richard Branson s'est dit "deÌ?çu, triste et deÌ?piteÌ?" par cette deÌ?cision qui, selon lui, "deÌ?fie toute raison".
+La commission avait indiqueÌ? en aouÌ?t qu'elle accorderait la licence aÌ? la People's Lotery, aÌ? condition de certaines modifications des termes de l'offre. Camelot s'eÌ?tait alors pourvu en justice et avait obtenu l'autorisation d'une remise des compteurs aÌ? zeÌ?ro.
+Une alliance pour disseÌ?quer l'internaute
+Panasonic lance un teÌ?leÌ?viseur polyvalent
+L'internet trop cher freine les belges
+Mais, avec la chute en Bourse de pas mal de socieÌ?teÌ?s du secteur des teÌ?leÌ?communications et de la nouvelle eÌ?conomie, on a revu ces derniers mois les comptes aÌ? la hausse: certains fournisseurs d'acceÌ?s parmi les plus courus, comme Yahoo, pensent meÌ?me, aÌ? terme, faire payer leurs services. La solution possible, aÌ? court terme, pour reÌ?amorcer la pompe: un abonnement forfaitaire aÌ? prix plancher et constant, quel que soit le temps de navigation.
+Canal Plus ceÌ?de Eurosport aÌ? TF1
+L'A380 s'attaque au Boeing 747
+Le Boeing 747 a joueÌ? un roÌ?le fondamental dans le deÌ?veloppement du transport aeÌ?rien en permettant de deÌ?mocratiser les 'voyages en avion', voici plus 25 ans. Aujourd'hui, le monopole de fait dont jouit Boeing sur ce segment de marcheÌ? est attaqueÌ? par l'A380 d'Airbus dont la construction a eÌ?teÌ? officiellement deÌ?cideÌ?e fin deÌ?cembre au grand dam des AmeÌ?ricains. Cet appareil est beaucoup plus qu'un moyen pour Airbus d'eÌ?tendre la concurrence aÌ? un nouveau segment de marcheÌ?. Adieu au nom de code A3XX, vieux de plus de quatre ans, et bonjour aÌ? l'A380: les actionnaires d'Airbus Industrie, EADS (80 %) et BAe Systems (20 %), ont officiellement proceÌ?deÌ? aÌ? Toulouse, au lancement industriel de l'avion de 550 places, qui repreÌ?sente l'un des paris les plus risqueÌ?s pris dans l'histoire de l'avionneur europeÌ?en et devrait geÌ?neÌ?rer 74.000 emplois en Europe, hors emplois induits. L'appareil devait logiquement eÌ?tre baptiseÌ? 'A350', selon les speÌ?cial
istes aeÌ?ronautiques, mais les EuropeÌ?ens ont finalement chercheÌ? aÌ? le distinguer du reste de la gamme, qui va aujourd'hui de l'A318 aÌ? l'A340.
+photo: Velocity/airbus
+
+563 commandes sur 97 sites de tous ordres (livres, veÌ?tements, etc.) ont en effet eÌ?teÌ? passeÌ?es par Accenture; des commandes sur une dureÌ?e de sept jours et aÌ? des heures diffeÌ?rentes dans diverses villes ameÌ?ricaines (San Francisco, Chicago,...). 517 demandes y ont eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?ellement enregistreÌ?es, ce qui ne repreÌ?sente deÌ?s lors qu'un eÌ?chec de l'ordre de 8 %. Ce chiffre reste neÌ?anmoins non neÌ?gligeable mais prouve cependant que ce type d'achat s'ameÌ?liore et que les incertitudes tendent aÌ? disparaiÌ?tre. Les raisons des eÌ?checs reÌ?siduels sont multiples et surtout d'ordre technique: une impossibiliteÌ? de passer une commande, un site toujours en preÌ?paration, des impossibiliteÌ?s d'acceÌ?s, etc.
+ L'an 2000 restera une bonne anneÌ?e pour le constructeur automobile Renault puisqu'avec 2,3 millions de veÌ?hicules vendus dans le monde, la socieÌ?teÌ? conserve sa place de 1eÌ?re marque europeÌ?enne et de leader sur le marcheÌ? des veÌ?hicules utilitaires. De bons reÌ?sultats meÌ?me si la socieÌ?teÌ? a connu une baisse de 4 % sur le marcheÌ? europeÌ?en. Renault compte sur 2001 pour renforcer ses positions avec un renouvellement des produits assez important doubleÌ? d'une volonteÌ? de se deÌ?velopper au niveau international. La socieÌ?teÌ? française espeÌ?re meÌ?me vendre jusqu'aÌ? 4 millions de veÌ?hicules aÌ? l'horizon 2010.
+NEW YORK Aux Etats-Unis, les ventes de PC sont victimes du ralentissement eÌ?conomique et d'une saturation partielle de ce marcheÌ?. Pour preuve, cette vente a connu le premier recul annuel de leur histoire aux USA en 2000. D'apreÌ?s une eÌ?tude de la socieÌ?teÌ? PC Data, elle a atteint 10,1 millions d'uniteÌ?s, soit 0,8 % de moins qu'en 1999. Ce recul serait le reÌ?sultat du ralentissement de la croissance ameÌ?ricaine doubleÌ? d'un prix globalement plus eÌ?leveÌ? qu'en 1999. D'autre part, de nombreux consommateurs ont acheteÌ? ces deux dernieÌ?res anneÌ?es de puissantes machines et n'eÌ?prouvent plus le besoin d'en acheter rapidement d'autres.
+PHOM PENH
+American Airlines racheÌ?terait TWA
+Si un accord est conclu, il devrait eÌ?tre annonceÌ? mercredi, a preÌ?ciseÌ? le quotidien. Il ferait d'American la premieÌ?re compagnie d'aviation ameÌ?ricaine. L'accord preÌ?voirait pour TWA de se deÌ?clarer en faillite avant que American n'acquiert tous ses actifs preÌ?servant ses 20.000 emplois, a preÌ?ciseÌ? le journal citant des milieux professionnels anonymes.
+ZEEBRUGGE
+Les veÌ?hicules deÌ?chargeÌ?s sont destineÌ?s entre autres au marcheÌ? allemand. Le nombre de veÌ?hicules qui transitent ainsi par le port belge ne cesse d'augmenter. Et les nouveaux contrats ne cessent d'affluer... Le port belge de Zeebrugge a transbordeÌ? l'anneÌ?e passeÌ?e 1.030.000 veÌ?hicules, devenant ainsi le deuxieÌ?me plus grand port automobile d'Europe apreÌ?s BreÌ?me. Concernant le nouveau contrat Toyota, le terminal receptionnera dans un premier stade des voitures qui seront par la suite livreÌ?es en Europe par chemin de fer ou par route. DeÌ?s que l'usine française eÌ?tablie aÌ? Valenciennes par Toyota ouvrira ses portes, Zeebrugge deviendra la plaque tournante de l'expeÌ?dition mondiale par bateau, des voitures assembleÌ?es au nord de la France.
+Il y a un an et demi, la direction du port et Toyota avaient conclu un accord sur la construction d'un terminal reserveÌ? au constructeur japonais aÌ? Zeebrugge.
+VELI BRIJUNI
+Pourtant, explique Mirjana Blagojevic, une des responsables du marketing, "le deÌ?collage n'a pas encore eu lieu, en partie aÌ? cause des anneÌ?es de guerre dans la reÌ?gion qui ont deÌ?courageÌ? les visiteurs, et aussi parce qu'avec 137 chambres seulement, nos revenus sont limiteÌ?s". Pas question pour autant d'eÌ?voluer vers le tourisme de masse et d'eÌ?largir les infrastructures, ajoute-t-elle aussitoÌ?t.
+L'ancien directeur avait provoqueÌ? l'an dernier la fureur des eÌ?cologistes locaux en se proposant de vendre aÌ? un homme d'affaires allemand, pour la viande et l'ivoire, Sony et Lanka, un couple d'eÌ?leÌ?phants d'Asie, vestiges du zoo personnel de Tito.
+Le diamantaire De Beers vend sa marque
+De Beers, qui tirerait ainsi les conclusions de son incapaciteÌ? aÌ? deÌ?velopper son nom en dehors des milieux speÌ?cialiseÌ?s, pourrait ceÌ?der purement et simplement l'usage de celui-ci. La creÌ?ation d'une joint-venture est eÌ?galement une solution envisageÌ?e, ajoute le journal des milieux d'affaires.
+TOKYO
+Toyota beÌ?neÌ?ficie eÌ?galement de sa prise de conscience de l'importance d'un design innovateur: sa petite Yaris a eÌ?teÌ? vendue aÌ? plus de 300.000 exemplaires sur notre continent depuis avril 1999 et a eÌ?teÌ? sacreÌ?e 'voiture europeÌ?enne de l'anneÌ?e 2000'. Les speÌ?cialistes du monde automobile ont neÌ?anmoins eÌ?teÌ? surpris du succeÌ?s rencontreÌ? au Japon: 310.000 Yaris y ont eÌ?teÌ? vendues. Mais il est vrai que les jeunes consommateurs de l'archipel sont devenus plus individualistes, avec des gouÌ?ts sont deÌ?s lors moins homogeÌ?nes. Les automobilistes japonais ont, de plus, commenceÌ? aÌ? appreÌ?cier des modeÌ?les de voiture plus petits, moins taxeÌ?s et moins gourmandes en carburant.
+Le comportement des internautes eÌ?tudieÌ? aÌ? la loupe
+ReÌ?sultats neÌ?gatifs surprenants pour Yahoo
+Naissance du numeÌ?ro un mondial du camion
+Le constructeur japonais en difficulteÌ? Mitsubishi Motors (MMC), le sueÌ?dois AB Volvo et le français Renault vont s'allier dans la production de camions, dans le cadre d'un partenariat qui donnera aÌ? terme naissance au n°1 mondial du secteur, a affirmeÌ? le journal eÌ?conomique Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei). Ce rapprochement entre ces trois groupes devrait deÌ?buter avec la production en 2004 par Renault d'environ 50.000 cabines dans son usine de Blainville (France) pour un poids-lourd deÌ?veloppeÌ? conjointement par Volvo et Mitsubishi Motors.
+MMC et AB Volvo avaient conclu aÌ? l'automne 1999 une alliance dans les camions et autobus, et creÌ?eÌ? une filiale commune compleÌ?tement seÌ?pareÌ?e de l'activiteÌ? automobile de MMC, controÌ?leÌ?e depuis quelques mois aÌ? 34 % par le geÌ?ant DaimlerChrysler. Volvo a preÌ?vu d'acqueÌ?rir 19,9 % de cette filiale, baptiseÌ?e Mitsubishi Fuso. Volvo a par ailleurs finaliseÌ? la semaine dernieÌ?re un accord dans les poids lourds avec Renault qui preÌ?voit une prise de controÌ?le par Volvo de l'activiteÌ? camion de Renault en eÌ?change d'une entreÌ?e du Français aÌ? hauteur de 20 % du capital de AB Volvo.
+PARIS ApreÌ?s le Japon, l'Allemagne, la Hollande, l'Espagne et bien suÌ?r la Belgique, Aquarius (Coca-Cola Company) vient d'eÌ?tre lanceÌ? sur le marcheÌ? français. Nos voisins du Sud deÌ?couvrent cette boisson qui est preÌ?senteÌ?e comme "fortement reÌ?hydratante et repreÌ?sentant une alternative aux theÌ?s glaceÌ?s, jus de fruits et eaux mineÌ?rales". Selon Coca-Cola, ce lancement vise "des moments de consommation speÌ?cifiques, la reÌ?hydratation reÌ?gulieÌ?re lors d'activiteÌ?s sportives et de loisirs". Aquarius sera proposeÌ?e en trois parfums, citron, orange et pamplemousse, et deux conditionnements, bouteille PET 50 cl et boiÌ?te 33 cl.
+
+ Schneider propose eÌ?galement d'acqueÌ?rir les actions aÌ? dividende prioritaire par remise de 2 actions Schneider Electric contre 1 action aÌ? dividende prioritaire de Legrand. Les actionnaires familiaux, et les groupes bancaires BNP Paribas et le CCF, qui repreÌ?sentent 30 % du capital de Legrand, ont d'ores et deÌ?jaÌ? fait savoir qu'ils comptaient apporter leurs titres aÌ? l'offre, indique le CMF. Le Conseil d'administration de Legrand deÌ?cidera de la distribution d'un acompte sur le dividende au titre de l'exercice 2000 de 1,02 euro par action ordinaire et de 1,63 euro par action aÌ? dividende prioritaire, qui sera verseÌ? avant la cloÌ?ture de l'offre, preÌ?cise encore le communiqueÌ?.
+NestleÌ? dans le dogfood
+British Aiways va casser sa tirelire pour le Concorde
+La compagnie British Airways (BA) a annonceÌ?, hier, qu'elle allait deÌ?penser 17 millions de livres (plus d'un millard de FB) dans le cadre d'un programme d'ameÌ?lioration de la seÌ?curiteÌ? destineÌ? aÌ? faire revoler ses Concorde.
+Concorde: BA va deÌ?penser un mia de FB pour modifications de seÌ?curiteÌ?
+La compagnie aeÌ?rienne britannique British Airways (BA) a annonceÌ? mardi qu'elle deÌ?penserait 17 millions de livres (26,55 millions d'euros/plus d'un millard de FB) pour apporter des modifications de seÌ?curiteÌ? aÌ? ses Concorde, dont elle espeÌ?re reprendre l'exploitation au printemps 2001.
+La compagnie britannique a commenceÌ? mardi les modifications sur un de ses sept Concorde. L'avion se trouve actuellement dans un hangar aÌ? l'aeÌ?roport londonien d'Heathrow, ouÌ? les ingeÌ?nieurs vont installer un reveÌ?tement souple aÌ? l'inteÌ?rieur des reÌ?servoirs de l'appareil.
+La compagnie estime qu'il faudra entre huit et dix semaines aÌ? l'eÌ?quipe de 40 ingeÌ?nieurs pour effectuer ces modifications sur chaque appareil, selon le communiqueÌ?.
+British Airways espeÌ?re transporter aÌ? nouveau des passagers sur ses supersoniques au printemps, avec d'abord un aller-retour quotidien entre Londres et New York, puis plus tard, quand les modificatons auront eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?aliseÌ?es sur plus d'avions, reprendre ses deux vols aller-retour quotidiens entre les deux villes.
+Bel avenir pour les voyagistes online
+D'apreÌ?s un rapport anglais, le marcheÌ? des voyages online devrait connaiÌ?re une progression consideÌ?rable, en Europe, d'ici 2002. Plusieurs facteurs, dont la mise en place de l'euro, devraient contribuer aÌ? cette croissance. Dans un rapport intituleÌ? 'The European Online Travel Marketplace 2000-2002', PhoCusWright Inc. estime que la conjonction de toute une seÌ?rie de facteurs favorables feront des voyages en ligne un des secteurs les plus porteurs d'internet. La croissance de ce marcheÌ? pourrait meÌ?me connaiÌ?tre une progression fulgurante.
+Toujours selon ce rapport, Ebookers.com s'impose comme la plus importante agence de voyages en ligne d'Europe, avec 150 millions d'euros de reÌ?servations. Lastminute.com arrive en 2eÌ?me position avec 116 millions d'euros de reÌ?servations, la 3eÌ?me place eÌ?tant occupeÌ?e par expedia.co.uk. Il est enfin aÌ? signaler que les tours operators et les compagnies aeÌ?riennes posseÌ?dent 27 % des sites de voyages en ligne, les voyagistes disposant pour leur part de 26 % d'entre eux.
+BERLIN Consors Discount Broker -le courtier allemand en ligne qui occupe la 2eÌ?me place en Europe dans ce type d'activiteÌ?- a deÌ?cideÌ? d'offrir une gamme eÌ?tendue de conseils aÌ? ses clients. Son objectif est, d'ici deux ans, de mettre en place une offre compleÌ?te de conseils, aÌ? l'image de ce que peut proposer un 'courtier traditionnel'. L'objectif est de mieux encore se positionner sur un marcheÌ? qui devient de plus en plus compeÌ?titif. Selon le PDG de Consors Discount Broker, il ne devrait en effet y avoir de la place, aÌ? terme, que pour quatre aÌ? sept courtiers en ligne sur le marcheÌ? europeÌ?en.
+AMSTERDAM L'opeÌ?rateur neÌ?erlandais KPN Mobile NV a annonceÌ? le lancement de services d'acceÌ?s aÌ? internet sur teÌ?leÌ?phone portable en septembre 2001 par sa filiale de teÌ?leÌ?phonie mobile KPN Mobile associeÌ?e aÌ? son partenaire japonais NTT DoCoMo et aÌ? Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM). Le service i-mode, qui comptait 17 millions d'abonneÌ?s exclusivement au Japon au 31 deÌ?cembre, sera offert dans un premier temps aux Pays-Bas, en Belgique, en Allemagne et en Italie, soit un marcheÌ? total de 165 millions d'utilisateurs de teÌ?leÌ?phones portables. (Photo: NTT DoCoMo)
+
+La socieÌ?teÌ? d'eÌ?tudes eÌ?tait chargeÌ?e d'eÌ?valuer l'attractiviteÌ? de nouvelles formes de distribution automobile dans la perspective de l'arriveÌ?e aÌ? eÌ?cheÌ?ance en septembre 2002 du reÌ?glement europeÌ?en qui reÌ?git le secteur. Elle a donc constateÌ? que seuls les modes de distribution qui conservent quasiment intact le lien avec le constructeur et avec la marque peuvent rassurer le consommateur. Pour celui-ci, l'achat d'une automobile constitue une deÌ?marche reÌ?fleÌ?chie ouÌ? le service apreÌ?s-vente, la garantie et la confiance aÌ? l'achat deÌ?terminent le choix du reÌ?seau de vente.
+Sur le volet prix, cette enqueÌ?te deÌ?montre que l'acheteur fait jouer la concurrence entre les marques et eÌ?galement entre les concessionnaires d'une meÌ?me marque afin d'obtenir les meilleures conditions commerciales. Ainsi, 85 % des intervieweÌ?s ont neÌ?gocieÌ? l'achat de leur veÌ?hicule en tenant compte du prix d'achat ou du prix de remise, des eÌ?quipements et accessoires et des conditions de reprise du veÌ?hicule remplaceÌ?.
+TOKYO
+ "Nous avons porteÌ? plainte contre plusieurs socieÌ?teÌ?s japonaises et eÌ?trangeÌ?res pour violation de notre brevet sur Aibo", a indiqueÌ? une porte-parole du groupe. "Nous sommes surpris par le grand nombre de produits disponibles sur l'Internet qui ressemblent aÌ? Aibo", a-t-elle poursuivi, "et nous sommes preÌ?ts aÌ? prendre les mesures qui s'imposent".
+La 'French touch' se vend bien aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger
+Le 'Midem', salon international de l'industrie du disque, se tient jusqu'au 25 janvier prochain aÌ? Cannes. Un constat flatteur a eÌ?teÌ? fait aÌ? cette occasion: les jeunes groupes et chanteurs français se vendent bien aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. Surtout quand leurs productions flirtent avec les rythmes eÌ?lectroniques ou la 'world music'. On croit souvent que les chanteurs français les plus connus aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger restent Edith Piaf, Charles Aznavour, Charles TreÌ?net ou encore Yves Montand. Eh bien, il semble que ce ne soit plus tout aÌ? fait vrai, si on en croit le nombre de disques vendus hors de l'Hexagone par certains repreÌ?sentants de la 'nouvelle chanson française'. Ainsi, deux millions de disques du groupe de techno parisien Daft Punk (photo) ont eÌ?teÌ? acheteÌ?s dans le monde, un score identique aÌ? celui reÌ?aliseÌ? par Manu Chao. Cet Espagnol d'origine, eÌ?tabli dans la capitale française, a pour sa part reÌ?ussi aÌ? seÌ?duire le public d'AmeÌ?rique du Sud avec
son disque 'Clandestino'. Quant aÌ? Saint-Germain, dont les rythmes techno-jazz sont encore dans toutes les oreilles, il a vendu 400.000 exemplaires de ses disques hors des frontieÌ?res françaises. Khaled, enfin, a obtenu la saison dernieÌ?re un grand succeÌ?s de vente au BreÌ?sil.
+Des transactions hors horaires boursiers
+Bic aÌ? bille contre stylo aÌ? plume Le premier de ces engins diaboliques est apparu en 1943. InventeÌ? par un certain Biro de Hongrie, il eÌ?tait surtout appreÌ?cieÌ? par les pilotes de la RAF durant la seconde guerre mondiale. Ils pouvaient ainsi eÌ?crire en altitude, voire en plein looping aÌ? leur tendre dulcineÌ?e! L'armeÌ?e avait ses stylos aÌ? bille mais le quidam, lui, se contentait aÌ? l'eÌ?poque d'un instrument peu pratique qui fuyait et couÌ?tait treÌ?s cher.
+Sega a perdu la guerre des consoles
+Sega semble sur le point de jeter l'eÌ?ponge face aÌ? Sony dans la guerre des consoles de jeux. Sega a annonceÌ?, hier, envisager d'abandonner la production de la Dreamcast, tout en continuant tout de meÌ?me aÌ? eÌ?diter des jeux pour la premieÌ?re console 128 bits et connectable aÌ? Internet qui ait eÌ?teÌ? commercialiseÌ?e.
+Colgate a fabriqueÌ? des bougies
+Ginger, l'invention-mysteÌ?re qui fascine l'AmeÌ?rique
+On ne connaiÌ?t que son nom de code, 'Ginger', et l'identiteÌ? de son inventeur, Dean Kamen. Mais cela suffit pour intriguer, passionner, fasciner l'AmeÌ?rique. Depuis des semaines, la rumeur a enfleÌ?, essentiellement alimenteÌ?e par des forums de discussion sur l'Internet, aÌ? propos d'une invention tellement innovante qu'elle ne pourrait eÌ?tre compareÌ?e en importance qu'aÌ? l'ordinateur personnel. On assure que, lorsque Dean Kamen a montreÌ? deux prototypes aÌ? Steven Jobs, patron d'Apple et aÌ? Jeff Bezos, fondateur d'Amazon, ceux-ci ont eÌ?teÌ? instantaneÌ?ment conquis, signant en riant des cheÌ?ques en millions de dollars. D'autres investisseurs se seraient bousculeÌ?s au portillon.
+La semaine dernieÌ?re, le magazine en ligne CNET reÌ?veÌ?lait, apreÌ?s avoir deÌ?couvert un brevet deÌ?poseÌ? par Deka aupreÌ?s du Bureau international de la proprieÌ?teÌ? industrielle, que Ginger eÌ?tait sans doute un mode de transport individuel, extrapolation futuriste de la trottinette qui fait fureur sur les trottoirs du monde occidental.
+HaÌ?agen-Dazs les faux scandinaves Tout le monde connaiÌ?t les prestigieuses glaces HaÌ?agen-Dazs. La marque se vante d'une preÌ?sence internationale accompagneÌ?e d'une reÌ?putation solide jamais deÌ?mentie. Pourtant, elle reste meÌ?connue. Jusqu'aÌ? sa vraie nationaliteÌ?. Car personne, en prononçant difficilement pour la premieÌ?re fois ces deux mots, ne songe aÌ? les associer aÌ? une autre origine que scandinaves. Et pourtant. Messieurs HaÌ?gen et Dazs ne sont pas scandinaves. D'ailleurs, ils n'existent meÌ?me pas: ces noms ont eÌ?teÌ? inventeÌ?s par un artisan glacier ameÌ?ricain, Ruben Mattus, en 1961. En habile homme de marketing, il a reÌ?pondu aÌ? la tendance de son eÌ?poque. Dans les anneÌ?es soixante, en effet, la mode US eÌ?tait treÌ?s tourneÌ?e vers le luxe nordique europeÌ?en. HaÌ?agen-Dazs allait donc suggeÌ?rer cette Scandinavie mythique, tout en restant un nom meÌ?morisable. Aujourd'hui, HaÌ?agen-Dazs a conquis le marcheÌ? de la glace de luxe et est sorti
de ses fameux salons. On le trouve jusque dans les supermarcheÌ?s.
+DeÌ?meÌ?nagement des services de l'emploi du FOREM de Charleroi
+Les services de l'emploi du FOREM de Charleroi s'installent dans un nouveau baÌ?timent de la rue de l'Ecluse aÌ? Charleroi. Le deÌ?meÌ?nagement s'effectuera en plusieurs phases.
+Ces changements ne concernent pas le Service inscription des demandeurs d'emploi qui reste toujours situeÌ? au 4 de la rue Biarent aÌ? Charleroi.
+La PlayStation vers une meilleure connexion au web
+Sony a conclu une alliance avec six opeÌ?rateurs de teÌ?leÌ?phonie mobile, meneÌ?s par le Japonais NTT DoCoMo, afin de deÌ?velopper les services Internet sur les consoles PlayStation. La nouvelle PlayStation2, que Sony avait lanceÌ? sur le marcheÌ? il y a deux mois, avait quelque peu deÌ?çu les amateurs de consoles. En effet, contrairement aÌ? sa rivale le Dreamcast de Sega, la Playstation2 ne posseÌ?dait pas d'acceÌ?s aÌ? Internet via teÌ?leÌ?phone. Pour cela, Sony s'est allieÌ? aÌ? six groupes de teÌ?leÌ?phonie mobile, parmi lesquels on trouve donc NTT DoCoMo, mais aussi KPN Mobile, Telecom Italia Mobile, ATetT Wireless (Etats-Unis), Hutchinson Telephone (Hong Kong) et Kg Telecom (TaiÌ?wan). Ce groupe sera dirigeÌ? par NTT qui conduira des recherches communes avec Sony dans l'acceÌ?s aÌ? l'Internet mobile via une console Playstation et dans l'extension des jeux Playstation aux teÌ?leÌ?phones portables. NTT DoCoMo, KPN Mobile et Telecom Italia Mobile coopeÌ?rent deÌ?jaÌ?
depuis le 18 janvier afin de lancer sur le marcheÌ? europeÌ?en le service 'i-mode', permettant l'acceÌ?s aÌ? Internet depuis le portable.
+Vers 1920, les freÌ?res Adolf et Rudolf Hassler sont de simples cordonniers dans la petite ville bavaroise de Herzogenrauch. Ceux que l'on appelle Adi et Rudi se lancent dans le marcheÌ? sportif dans les anneÌ?es trente, en fabriquant des chaussures pour les gymnastes et pour les sprinters. Mais s'est en inventant les chaussures de football aÌ? crampons qu'ils innoveÌ?rent vraiment la chaussure sportive. En 1948, les deux freÌ?res se seÌ?parent et lancent leur propre marque: Rudi Dassler fonde Puma et Adi Dassler creÌ?e Adidas. Cette dernieÌ?re se distinguera par ses trois bandes, embleÌ?me qui provient de la technique de fabrication qui neÌ?cessitait trois bandes de cuir. ApreÌ?s la mort d'Adi et celle de son fils, la firme connaiÌ?tra une peÌ?riode noire, notamment sous la direction de Bernard Tapie. Elle renaiÌ?tra de ses cendres, il y a quelques anneÌ?es, graÌ?ce aÌ? Robert Louis Dreyfus.
+SHELBYVILLE La deÌ?couverte d'une note manuscrite dans le sous-sol d'un ancien domicile du Colonel Harland Sanders, fondateur de la chaiÌ?ne de restaurants Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), n'a pas permis de percer le secret de la fameuse recette qui a fait la reÌ?putation du poulet grilleÌ? du Kentucky, a indiqueÌ? KFC. Les restaurateurs Tommy and Cherry Settle, proprieÌ?taires depuis les anneÌ?es 70 d'un ancien domicile du Colonel, avaient deÌ?couvert cette petite note il y a 16 mois. Selon eux, y figurait une recette ayant pour ingreÌ?dients onze herbes et eÌ?pices diffeÌ?rentes aÌ? utiliser dans des proportions speÌ?cifiques, tout comme le preÌ?conise la recette du ceÌ?leÌ?bre poulet grilleÌ?. L'un de ces restaurateurs, certain de pouvoir lever le voile sur le secret de KFC, avait alors souhaiteÌ? authentifier la note manuscrite dans le but de la publier. Mais, apreÌ?s veÌ?rification, le groupe KFC a coupeÌ? court aÌ? ce genre d'ideÌ?e et a conclu que la recette retrouveÌ?e
par Tommy et Cherry Settle n'avait rien aÌ? voir avec la recette originale, eÌ?laboreÌ?e dans les anneÌ?es 30, par le Colonel Sanders et qui utilise aÌ? bon escient un savoureux eÌ?chantillon d'herbes et eÌ?pices, a indiqueÌ? Amy Sherwood, une porte-parole des restaurants KFC.
+PreÌ?s d'une bieÌ?re de type pils sur deux vendue en Belgique est une Jupiler. Pourtant, la planeÌ?te Jupiler n'est pas si vieille que ça. La marque, Jupiler 5, est neÌ?e en 1966. C'est le brasseur Piedboeuf installeÌ? aÌ? Jupille -d'ouÌ? le nom de Jupiler- dans la banlieue lieÌ?geoise qui l'a ainsi nommeÌ?e. Mais en reÌ?aliteÌ?, c'est en 1950 que Piedboeuf creÌ?a l'anceÌ?tre de la blonde preÌ?feÌ?reÌ?e des Belges. Il s'agissait l'Urtyp, une doreÌ?e leÌ?geÌ?re de type Dortmunder. Cette dernieÌ?re participa aÌ? l'eÌ?crasante domination de la bieÌ?re de type pils sur toutes les autres boissons houblonneÌ?es. La marque Jupiler appartient depuis 1987 aÌ? Interbrew. Et ce, depuis que le lieÌ?geois Piedboeuf a fusionneÌ? avec le louvaniste Artois. D'ailleurs, aujourd'hui, une partie de la production de Jupiler est brasseÌ?e aÌ? Louvain.
+MoeÌ?t & Chandon, avec la beÌ?neÌ?diction de Dom PeÌ?rignon VoilaÌ? une maison dont le nom est quasiment un synonyme de 'champagne'. L'entreprise MoeÌ?t & Chandon a eÌ?teÌ? fondeÌ?e en 1743, aÌ? Epernay, par Claude MoeÌ?t. Ses descendants prolongeront et eÌ?largiront son oeuvre. Son fils Claude-Nicolas imposera les champagnes familiaux sur de nombreux marcheÌ?s europeÌ?ens. Quant aÌ? son petit-fils Jean-ReÌ?my, il donnera, deÌ?s la premieÌ?re moitieÌ? du 19e sieÌ?cle, une notorieÌ?teÌ? sans pareille aÌ? la maison MoeÌ?t.
+Depuis 1987, MoeÌ?t & Chandon fait partie de LVMH, puissant groupe français de produits de luxe. Et on consideÌ?re aujourd'hui qu'une bouteille de MoeÌ?t & Chandon est deÌ?boucheÌ?e toutes les quatre secondes dans le monde.
+
+Toujours selon cette eÌ?tude, les sites d'e-commerce gagneraient aÌ? eÌ?tre plus rapides, plus simples aÌ? utiliser, sans forceÌ?ment casser les prix. D'apreÌ?s Accenture et 'Online Insight', seulement un tiers des e-acheteurs sont en effet attireÌ?s par les bonnes affaires. Les autres privileÌ?giant une expeÌ?rience originale et personnaliseÌ?e.
+TOKYO
+La grande campagne de marketing en faveur des DVD, entreprise dans le monde entier depuis quelques mois semble donc porter ses fruits, en tous les cas au pays du soleil levant. Au mois de deÌ?cembre, les ventes de DVD ont rapporteÌ? 15,7 milliards de yens (environ 600 millions de FB), soit 27% de plus que la vente de cassettes traditionnelles (12,4 milliards de yens). Par rapport au mois de deÌ?cembre 1999, les ventes de DVD ont augmenteÌ? de 182,5%, alors que celles des cassettes videÌ?o ont reculeÌ? de 31%. En ce qui concerne l'Europe, les chiffres ne sont pas encore connus, mais la campagne de promotion du nouveau lecteur videÌ?o, le DVD, devrait avoir les meÌ?mes reÌ?sultats. Il faut eÌ?galement ajouter que par rapport aÌ? la cassette videÌ?o, le DVD ne peut eÌ?tre utiliseÌ? pour enregistrer des programmes teÌ?leÌ?viseÌ?s. La seule manieÌ?re d'utiliser les lecteurs est donc d'acheter des nouveaux DVD.
+En 1890, les membres de la secte protestante des 'Aventuriers du septieÌ?me jour' fondent, dans le Michigan, un centre de remise en forme. Convaincus que seul un reÌ?gime veÌ?geÌ?tarien pourrait remettre en forme les personnes fatigueÌ?es, les membres de la secte, dont le meÌ?decin John Harvey Kellogg (photo), prenaient soin de preÌ?parer soigneusement chaque repas. Un jour, pendant l'anneÌ?e 1894, les traditionnelles creÌ?pes du petit deÌ?jeuner n'ont pu eÌ?tre preÌ?pareÌ?es. John Harvey Kellogg passa alors de grains de maiÌ?s cuits entre des rouleaux, ce qui donna, aÌ? la surprise geÌ?neÌ?rale, des peÌ?tales leÌ?gers et croustillants. Deux ans plus tard, il deÌ?posa un brevet, ce qui permit aÌ? son freÌ?re William de fonder en 1906 la 'Battle Toasted Corn Flakes', qui deviendra la 'Kellogg's Company'.
+ Le secteur du voyage sur le web constitue un oasis dans le deÌ?sert de l'e-commerce. Ce secteur affiche en effet une forme exemplaire. Ainsi 30 millions de personnes auraient acheteÌ? des voyages online l'anneÌ?e dernieÌ?re et ce nombre devrait s'accroiÌ?tre de 18 millions d'autres utilisateurs! NeÌ?e dans le boom du web, le Online Travel est devenu aujourd'hui un business de 13 milliards de dollars! Les preÌ?visions pour l'Europe (Jupiter Research) estiment la taille du marcheÌ? aÌ? 4,2 milliards de dollars pour l'anneÌ?e 2001, 6,7 pour 2002 et 16,9 pour 2005. Le marcheÌ? ameÌ?ricain peÌ?sera cette anneÌ?e et aÌ? lui tout seul 15 milliards de dollars. En deÌ?pit de ces chiffres particulieÌ?rement optimistes, le online compte pour moins de 5% du marcheÌ? total du travel, meÌ?me si la part de gaÌ?teau devrait grimper aÌ? 14% en 2005 .
+MILAN Beaucoup l'ignorent au volant de leur belle Italienne, mais la premieÌ?re torpeÌ?do 24 HP de 1910, signeÌ?e Alfa, trouve ses origines sur un deux-roues, nommeÌ? Gladiator par son constructeur français, Alexandre Darracq. Pionnier de l'automobile, Darracq passera rapidement aux quatre roues en 1906. Il creÌ?e aÌ? cette eÌ?poque une filiale de taxis en Italie aÌ? Portello, preÌ?s de Milan. Quatre ans plus tard, la marque acquiert enfin ses titres de noblesse italienne sous l'appellation "Societa Anonima Lombarda Fabbricca Automobile". Des initiales -ALFA- qui resteront marqueÌ?es aÌ? jamais sur les calandres, tout comme la croix rouge sur champ blanc des armes de la ville de Milan et le serpent des Visconti. Sans palabre, "l'ingeÌ?niore" Nicolas Romeo prend la direction de l'usine en 1914 et impose son nom aÌ? la marque qui devint Alfa-Romeo en deÌ?finitive.
+PARIS L'anneÌ?e 2000 a eÌ?teÌ? une anneÌ?e record pour l'ensemble des investissements publicitaires en France, avec une progression de 6,1%. Plus speÌ?cifiquement, la progression des annonceurs Internet aÌ? la teÌ?leÌ?vision a elle aussi eÌ?teÌ? relativement eÌ?leveÌ?e, passant de 1,2% en 1999 aÌ? 5,1% en 2000. Le total de ces investissements s'est accru de manieÌ?re treÌ?s significative, passant d'environ 275 millions de francs français en 1999 aÌ? 1,5 milliards cette anneÌ?e, soit une progression de 362%. Sur les chaiÌ?nes hertziennes, la grande majoriteÌ? des annonceurs Internet sont les fournisseurs d'acceÌ?s (38,7%) puis les services financiers (13,1 %) et enfin les sites portails et les moteurs de recherche (12,7%). Les sites e-ommerce et les sites de presse font partie, quant aÌ? eux, des secteurs interdits qui doivent donc se cantonner au parrainage d'eÌ?missions.
+Scoot fait appel aux creÌ?atifs
+Les plus brancheÌ?s des internautes appreÌ?cieront aussi le fait que, si leur slogan est seÌ?lectionneÌ?, scoot.be le mettra en valeur sur une 'e-carte'. Les 'heureux eÌ?lus' devront ensuite transmettre cette 'e-carte' au plus grand nombre possible d'amis. Plus ils reÌ?ussiront aÌ? reÌ?unir de fans autour de leur trouvaille, plus ils auront de chances de remporter l'eÌ?lection du slogan Scoot, qui se deÌ?roulera le 5 mars prochain.
+Quant aux automobiles Mazda, elles remontent aÌ? 1960, anneÌ?e de la sortie du coupeÌ? R 360, construit par Tokyo Fugio. Une socieÌ?teÌ? de machines-outils creÌ?eÌ?e en 1920 et qui produisait eÌ?galement des camions aÌ? trois roues. En 1984, Tokyo Fugio a changeÌ? de nom pour devenir la Mazda Motor Corporation.
+MADRID La deuxieÌ?me compagnie aeÌ?rienne espagnole, Spanair, a annonceÌ? qu'elle offrirait systeÌ?matiquement un nouveau billet aux passagers de ses vols inteÌ?rieurs en cas de retard de plus de 15 minutes. Cette mesure sera appliqueÌ?e dans un premier temps aux liaisons entre Madrid et Barcelone, qui repreÌ?sentent 20 % du trafic inteÌ?rieur de Spanair, avant d'eÌ?tre eÌ?tendue aÌ? tous les vols inteÌ?rieurs de la compagnie. A partir du 12 feÌ?vrier, les passagers victimes d'un retard au deÌ?collage de plus de 15 minutes se verront offrir un billet gratuit pour le meÌ?me trajet et dans la meÌ?me classe, utilisable dans les 30 jours, aÌ? condition que le retard ne soit pas un cas de force majeure, a indiqueÌ? Spanair dans un communiqueÌ?. Spanair, deÌ?tenue aÌ? 51 % par la socieÌ?teÌ? espagnole Teinver et aÌ? 49 % par la compagnie scandinave SAS, est par ailleurs lieÌ?e par des accords strateÌ?giques aÌ? l'allemande Lufthansa.
+CHAUDFONTAINE A 16 ans, Jean Galler quitte l'eÌ?cole d'HoÌ?tellerie de LieÌ?ge pour commencer son apprentissage en boulangerie puis en paÌ?tisserie. Sa passion le porte vers le chocolat. Ses parents, des boulangers-paÌ?tissiers, l'envoient aÌ? BaÌ?le. LaÌ?, il apprend les secrets des MaiÌ?tres Chocolatiers Suisses. Ensuite, il ira aÌ? Paris, ouÌ? Gaston LenoÌ?tre paracheÌ?vera sa formation. Jean Galler a alors 20 ans. A 21 ans -nous sommes en 1976-, il creÌ?e son entreprise. Aujourd'hui, Galler est un des grands noms du chocolat belge. En 1981, le chocolatier wallon commence l'exportation en France et au Canada. En 1982, il seÌ?duit les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne. Actuellement, Jean Galler exporte au Japon, en SueÌ?de, aux Pays-Bas, au Luxembourg, en Allemagne, en Jordanie,... Raison pour laquelle, le 9 janvier 1995, l'hebdomadaire eÌ?conomique Trends-Tendances l'eÌ?lisait Manager de l'anneÌ?e.
+ Les deÌ?buts de l'eÌ?re automobile eÌ?taient marqueÌ? par des fabrications sur mesure des veÌ?hicules selon les envies de l'acheteur. En 1901, Gottlieb Daimler conçut une voiture selon les demandes de l'un de ses premiers clients, le banquier autrichien Emil Jelinek, deÌ?jaÌ? passionneÌ? par la compeÌ?tition automobile. Il s'aligna donc au volant de sa Daimler (photo) -qu'il affubla du doux nom de sa fille, Mercedes- au meeting de Nice que, d'ailleurs, il remporta. Le banquier neÌ?gocia ensuite avec Daimler la vente en exclusiviteÌ? de cette voiture aÌ? l'export sous le nom de Mercedes, une marque qu'ils deÌ?poseront en 1902. Jusqu'en 1926, elle continuera d'eÌ?tre vendue sous le nom de "nouvelle Daimler". Mais ensuite sera adopteÌ?e une marque unique, Mercedes-Benz. L'eÌ?toile aÌ? trois branches caracteÌ?ristique qui orne les calandres, fut deÌ?poseÌ?e en 1923. Mais deÌ?jaÌ? en 1909, les fils Daimler avaient enregistreÌ? un dessin de ce type censeÌ? repreÌ?senter les tro
is transports, par terre, air et mer.
+LOS ANGELES Des millions d'amateurs de musique en ligne se sont litteÌ?ralement rueÌ?s sur les serveurs de la socieÌ?teÌ? Napster dimanche. Ils craignaient que le tribunal de San Francisco ne deÌ?cide hier de la fermeture du service d'eÌ?change de musique en ligne, comme le reÌ?clament les grandes maisons de disques. "Il y avait en permanence preÌ?s de 10.000 utilisateurs connecteÌ?s sur chacun des 100 serveurs dimanche," a deÌ?clareÌ? Bruce Forest, un speÌ?cialiste de la proprieÌ?teÌ? intellectuelle chez le cabinet de consultants Sapient Corp, preÌ?cisant que preÌ?s de 2 millions de chansons avaient eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?changeÌ?es sur chacun des serveurs. En geÌ?neÌ?ral, ceux-ci geÌ?rent un trafic d'environ 6.000 utilisateurs aÌ? la fois. Les grandes maisons de disques comme Universal Music de Vivendi Universal, Sony Music, Warner Music et EMI Group estiment que Napster est un refuge de pirates et veulent en effet que Napster arreÌ?te son service.
+ROME Le bijoutier italien Bulgari a annonceÌ? qu'il se lançait dans l'hoÌ?tellerie de luxe en partenariat avec le groupe ameÌ?ricain Marriott International. Les deux groupes vont constituer une entreprise commune baptiseÌ?e 'Bulgari Hotels and Resorts' pour laquelle un investissement total d'environ 140 millions de dollars (6 milliards de FB) est preÌ?vu sur les cinq prochaines anneÌ?es. Bulgari et son allieÌ? ameÌ?ricain eÌ?tudient pour l'instant l'ouverture d'hoÌ?tels ou reÌ?sidences de luxe en sept endroits: Londres, Rome, Paris, New York, Miami, le sud de la Californie et sur une iÌ?le (sans preÌ?cision).
+ L'histoire de Miko, c'est d'abord l'histoire d'une famille, les Ortiz, originaires du pays basque espagnol, qui atterrissent en 1922 aÌ? Saint Dizier, en Haute Marne. C'est ensuite l'ascension d'une marque qui a racheteÌ? Delico, FrigeÌ?creÌ?me, Stromboli, Nouki avant de rejoindre en 1994 le groupe Unilever et d'y reprendre les produits de son ancien concurrent, Motta. L'histoire des glaces Ortiz-Miko couvre tout le 20e sieÌ?cle. En 1905, Luis Ortiz vend des glaces aÌ? pied. La socieÌ?teÌ? des Glaces Ortiz voit le jour en 1943. C'est en 1951 que le nom de Miko apparaiÌ?t. En 1954, l'industrialisation commence avec l'acquisition d'une machine aÌ? faire les glaces en baÌ?tonnets. Celles-ci sont vendues dans les cineÌ?mas par les ouvreuses. La vente des bonbons et des 'Esquimaux' (une marque deÌ?poseÌ?e par Gervais en 1922) constituaient alors pour l'exploitant de salles sa principale source de ses beÌ?neÌ?fices. Aujourd'hui, Miko deÌ?cline Magnum, Carte d'Or, Royal Cornetto,
Solero, Viennetta ou encore Miko Kids.
+PARIS
+L'objectif est de compter 60.000 clients apreÌ?s la premieÌ?re anneÌ?e d'exploitation et 150.000 au terme de la deuxieÌ?me anneÌ?e. Sur les 115 millions d'euros de fonds propres attribueÌ?s aÌ? Zebank, la construction de la banque en a deÌ?jaÌ? absorbeÌ? le tiers. Le point d'eÌ?quilibre situeÌ? autour de 250.000 clients, devrait eÌ?tre atteint au cours de la quatrieÌ?me anneÌ?e d'exploitation. Zebank est deÌ?tenue aÌ? 80% par le Groupe Arnault, la holding familiale de Bernard Arnault, PDG de LVMH, et aÌ? 20% par la banque franco-belge Dexia.
+JANESVILLE A la fin du sieÌ?cle dernier (le 19e), la vie de prof eÌ?tait deÌ?jaÌ? difficile. Certains devaient arrondir leurs fins de mois par la deÌ?brouille. Goerge Stafford Parker eÌ?tait professeur aÌ? la Valentine Scool of Telegraphy. Il y enseignait le Morse. ApreÌ?s les cours, il vendait des stylos 'John Holland'. Mais ces derniers tombaient souvent en panne. Du coup, il assurait le service apreÌ?s-vente. A force, il est devenu expert et a inventeÌ? un tuyau qui empeÌ?che l'air de remonter et de provoquer des fuites d'encre. Il deÌ?pose le brevet en 1889 et ensuite c'est le succeÌ?s fulgurant. Un succeÌ?s qui atteint le monde entier avec son modeÌ?le Parker51, sorti en 1941.
+PARIS CeÌ?leÌ?bres dans le monde entier, les polos Lacoste doivent leur nom et leur logo au joueur de tennis français ReneÌ? Lacoste (photo). Celui-ci avait eÌ?teÌ? surnommeÌ? 'Le crocodile' par la presse ameÌ?ricaine quand, en 1927, avec l'eÌ?quipe des 'French Mousquetaires', il avait remporteÌ? la Coupe Davis sur les Etats-Unis par 3 victoires aÌ? 2. Par la suite, ReneÌ? Lacoste prit l'habitude de porter, aÌ? son entreÌ?e sur les courts, un blazer dont la poche eÌ?tait orneÌ?e d'un petit crocodile brodeÌ?.
+Portrait-robot du fan de Napster
+En geÌ?neÌ?ral, ils se connectent aÌ? Internet 20,6 jours par mois. Soit preÌ?s du double de l'ensemble de la population française (10,7 jours de connection par mois). D'autre part, 16 % des utilisateurs de Napster posseÌ?dent une connection Internet aÌ? haut deÌ?bit, contre 6 % pour la totaliteÌ? des Internautes.
+Nivea comme la neige
+Nouveau chantage contre Coca-Cola en Allemagne
+Un site pionnier pour les nouveauteÌ?s high-tech
+Croquer la pomme avec Apple La marque Apple a eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?poseÌ?e en 1977 par le Californien Steve Jobs (photo) et son inseÌ?parable compeÌ?re Stephen Wozniak. L'histoire de la socieÌ?teÌ? informatique Apple, aÌ? laquelle on doit les ceÌ?leÌ?bres ordinateurs Macintosh, est eÌ?troitement lieÌ?e aÌ? celle de la Silicon Valley. Amis depuis l'adolescence, ces deux petits geÌ?nies de la technique que sont Steve Jobs et Stephen Wozniak y ont effectueÌ? leurs premieÌ?res armes: l'un chez Atari et l'autre chez Hewlett-Packard. Tous deux se retrouvaient neÌ?anmoins, pendant leurs heures de liberteÌ?, pour mettre au point le plus petit ordinateur du monde. Au moment de deÌ?cider d'un nom de marque pour leur appareil, ils choisissent 'Apple', en reÌ?feÌ?rence aux pommes dont Steve Jobs, adepte du reÌ?gime macrobiotique, se nourrit aÌ? chaque repas. De plus, ce fruit eÌ?voque eÌ?galement la deÌ?couverte des lois de la gravitation par Isaac Newton. Leur logo repreÌ?sentera donc une pomme
deÌ?jaÌ? croqueÌ?e, deÌ?sormais mondialement connue. Pour la petite histoire, l'ordinateur Macintosh, lanceÌ? en janvier 1984, porte aussi un nom de fruit. La 'macintosh' est effet une varieÌ?teÌ? de pommes aux USA.
+C'est en 1912 que le Français Pierre-François Lardet invente le Banania. Au deÌ?part, Lardet eÌ?tait journaliste et critique. Il parcourt le monde. Au Nicaragua, il deÌ?couvre dans un village indien une boisson aÌ? base de farine de banane et de cacao. C'est le deÌ?clic. De retour au pays, graÌ?ce aÌ? un ami pharmacien, il trouve le dosage adeÌ?quat. Banania est neÌ?. C'est l'eÌ?poque des colonies. Et, deÌ?s 1915, il va associer l'image d'un tirailleur seÌ?neÌ?galais aÌ? son produit. Ces tirailleurs sont venus se battre aux coÌ?teÌ?s des Français contre les Allemands. Ils jouissent d'une grande populariteÌ?. C'est un bon coup de pub qui associe, aÌ? la fois, l'exotisme, le patriotisme et... un paternalisme certain. Dans ses affiches, Lardet associera trois couleurs qui resteront les embleÌ?mes de la marque: le jaune de la banane, le rouge et le bleu l'uniforme des tirailleurs.
+BREENDONK Duvel Moortgat est la premieÌ?re brasserie belge aÌ? se voir deÌ?cerner le certificat HACCP (Hazard analysis critical control) pour la production et le conditionnement des bieÌ?res. Ce certificat a eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?tabli par le ColleÌ?ge central des speÌ?cialistes HACCP et couronne, dit Duvel Moortgat, sa politique dans le domaine de la seÌ?curiteÌ? de la production destineÌ?e aÌ? garantir un produit suÌ?r au consommateur. L'obtention du certificat neÌ?cessite le respect de directives strictes pour l'ensemble des processus de production, depuis l'achat des matieÌ?res premieÌ?res jusqu'aÌ? la vente des produits finis, souligne la brasserie. Par ailleurs, Duvel Moortgat a confirmeÌ? ne pas recourir aux sucres ou houblons produits aÌ? partir de graines geÌ?neÌ?tiquement manipuleÌ?es. CreÌ?eÌ?e en 1871, la brasserie Duvel Moortgat est resteÌ?e une entreprise indeÌ?pendante, aujourd'hui speÌ?cialiseÌ?e dans la production de bieÌ?res speÌ?ciales et de jus de fruits frais.
+ Le site online des 'Pages d'Or' a battu un nouveau record du nombre de recherches. Il s'eÌ?tablit maintenant aÌ? 85.149 demandes en un seul jour. Soit un peu plus d'une demande par seconde! En 1998, la premieÌ?re version des 'Pages d'Or Online' apparaissait sur le Net. Cette meÌ?me anneÌ?e, 6.300 recherches ont en moyenne eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?aliseÌ?es chaque jour sur le site. En 2000, ce chiffre a grimpeÌ? jusqu'aÌ? 30.000. Le 19 feÌ?vrier, un record de 85.149 recherches a eÌ?teÌ? enregistreÌ?. La socieÌ?teÌ? qui geÌ?re le site se feÌ?licite de la nouvelle version, qui a fait l'objet d'une campagne publicitaire "qui apparemment, a atteint son objectif".
+DIM, le sous-veÌ?tement du dimanche
+Jouez en bourse contre Bill Gates
+Un fromage capricieux Un jour de 1956, Jean-NoeÌ?l Bongrain, qui vient de creÌ?er le 'Caprice des Dieux', demande au livreur de la socieÌ?teÌ? familiale de distribuer gracieusement les petites boiÌ?tes ovales sur le marcheÌ? des Halles. Cette geÌ?neÌ?reuse ideÌ?e marque le commencement de la gloire. Quelques semaines plus tard, le meÌ?me livreur est soudainement assailli et voit sa cargaison de Caprice des Dieux instantaneÌ?ment deÌ?robeÌ?e par des pilleurs de bon gouÌ?t. En 1963, c'est la creÌ?ation du 'Club des Amis du Caprice des Dieux'. En eÌ?change de timbres postaux et de vignettes collecteÌ?es sur les boiÌ?tes, les fideÌ?les reçoivent tortues, bengalis, poissons rouges...Une action qui requiert la mobilisation du personnel administratif, chargeÌ? de nourrir et de soigner les animaux au sein des bureaux de la socieÌ?teÌ?. Aujourd'hui, la fromagerie d'Illoud en Bassigny n'a plus besoin de camionnettes pour vendre ses 'Caprices' de marcheÌ? en marcheÌ?. Le produit se v
end jusqu'en Chine et fait le tour des plus grandes tables.
+PARIS La socieÌ?teÌ? EuroDisney a signeÌ? un protocole d'accord pour la construction, d'ici 2003, sur son site de 'Disneyland Paris' de trois nouveaux hoÌ?tels d'une capaciteÌ? totale de 1.100 chambres. Ceux-ci seront construits par les groupes britanniques 'Airtours' et 'Bass Hotels and Resorts' ainsi que le groupe français 'Envergure'. Les hoÌ?tels devraient accueillir des clients deÌ?s 2003, a preÌ?ciseÌ? EuroDisney dans un communiqueÌ? sans toutefois donner le montant exact de la transaction.
+Zippo deÌ?clare sa flamme C'est aÌ? Bradford, en Pennsylvanie, que le premier modeÌ?le Zippo sort de l'atelier de George G. Blaisdell. On est alors en 1933. L'ideÌ?e d'un briquet doteÌ? d'un coupe-vent lui est venue un an plus toÌ?t alors que l'un de ses amis essayait d'allumer une cigarette sur une terrasse. Le nom est censeÌ? eÌ?tre une onomatopeÌ?e eÌ?voquant le bruit de la molette sur la pierre. En 1936, les premiers eÌ?leÌ?ments de deÌ?coration apparaissent. Les premiers dessins au trait font par la suite place aÌ? des gravures en profondeur. Le briquet-tempeÌ?te Zippo n'a jamais eÌ?teÌ? adopteÌ? officiellement par les forces de l'armeÌ?e ameÌ?ricaine, mais la firme en expeÌ?diait autant que possible vers les postes d'eÌ?change et vers les fronts. Lors de divers conflits, de nombreux briquets-tempeÌ?te Zippo sont partis vers l'Europe, l'Afrique et les reÌ?gions du Pacifique. Ils n'eÌ?taient pas seulement utiliseÌ?s pour allumer des cigarettes. Ils servaient aussi aÌ? al
lumer des feux de camps, aÌ? transmettre des signaux... ou encore incendier des habitations.
+ A partir du 1er mars, les clients de Belgacom.Net (l'acceÌ?s gratuit aÌ? Internet de Belgacom) pourront surfer gratuitement 4 heures durant chaque week-end, et ce jusqu'aÌ? PaÌ?ques. Cette offre est valable pour tous les abonneÌ?s aÌ? Belgacom.Net ou BelgacomBusiness.Net. Entre le 1er et le 31 mars, les clients existants et les nouveaux clients pourront s'inscrire aÌ? cette action sur www.belgacom.net et www.belgacombusiness.net. Par numeÌ?ro de teÌ?leÌ?phone de Belgacom, le client ne peut preÌ?tendre qu'une seule fois aÌ? cette promotion. L'offre ne concerne donc pas l'ADSL, le caÌ?ble, le Carrier Select Code, un numeÌ?ro porteÌ? ou un numeÌ?ro de GSM. Les heures de surf gratuites non utiliseÌ?es ne pourront eÌ?tre reporteÌ?es au week-end suivant. La ristourne sera traiteÌ?e deÌ?s le mois de mai sous la forme d'une correction sur la facture.
+Materne-Confilux est l'un des plus grands producteurs europeÌ?ens de confitures et de compotes. Cette socieÌ?teÌ?, fondeÌ?e en 1888 est eÌ?tablie depuis 1980 dans des installations modernes aÌ? Floreffe, preÌ?s de Namur. Materne est la marque leader sur le marcheÌ? belge des confitures et des compotes. Les produits Materne sont distribueÌ?s dans l'ensemble des points de vente en Belgique. Mais Materne exporte plus de 60% de sa production, aÌ? nos frontieÌ?res (Allemagne, France, Pays-Bas, Grande-Bretagne) comme aux quatre coins du monde (Canada, Arabie Saoudite, Japon,...). Cela fait d'elle la socieÌ?teÌ? de son secteur dont la part d'exportation est la plus eÌ?leveÌ?e au monde. Materne posseÌ?de eÌ?galement une filiale ou bureau de vente en Pologne et TcheÌ?quie. La firme entretient des relations eÌ?troites avec d'autres socieÌ?teÌ?s speÌ?cialiseÌ?es dans le traitement des fruits, partout en Europe.
+BERLIN Dans l'ex-Allemagne de l'Est, le grand concurrent de Coca-Cola s'appelle Vita-Cola. Cette boisson a eÌ?teÌ? lanceÌ?e par le reÌ?gime communiste dans les anneÌ?es 50. Elle a disparu aÌ? la chute du Mur. Elle a eÌ?teÌ? relanceÌ?e avec succeÌ?s depuis le milieu des anneÌ?es 1990. La success-story de Vita-Cola est aÌ? l'image de celle de toute une seÌ?rie de produits du temps de la RDA. Ces derniers connaissent depuis quelques anneÌ?es un renouveau des ventes et touchent la fibre 'ostalgique' (jeu de mots sur Ost, l'est, et nostalgie) des consommateurs, nostalgiques d'une eÌ?poque et d'un style de vie brusquement disparus avec le Mur. Depuis sa privatisation, cette ancienne entreprise du peuple est dans les mains du groupe ouest-allemand Brau und Brunnen, qui exploite, entre autres, la treÌ?s populaire bieÌ?re Jever, l'eau gazeuse Apollinaris et le soda Schweppes. Les eÌ?tudes de marcheÌ? laissaient preÌ?sager un bon potentiel pour Vita-Cola. La marque s'est hisseÌ?e au r
ang de numeÌ?ro deux devant Pepsi dans l'ex-RDA.
+Les Virgin Megastores qui fleurissent dans nos villes sont l'oeuvre de Richard Branson. C'est parce qu'il eÌ?tait un mauvais garçon (bad boy) dans un beau colleÌ?ge anglais, qu'il lança son premier magasin sur Oxford Street en 1971. C'eÌ?tait plus gai que les eÌ?tudes. Grand bien cette deÌ?cision lui a fait... D'autant plus que Branson avait lanceÌ? une entreprise de vente de disques par correspondance. Sa petite entreprise n'a pas connu la crise. Au point de le rendre multimilliardaire. Virgin, c'est eÌ?galement des entreprises de boissons gazeuses, de l'aviation, des trains. Nous en passons et des meilleures. Le nom de Virgin vient du fait que Branson s'estimait vierge... de toute expeÌ?rience.
+TOKYO Deux ans apreÌ?s le lancement du systeÌ?me 'i-mode' par le groupe NTT DoCoMo, 20 millions de Japonais utilisent aujourd'hui cette connexion aÌ? Internet via le teÌ?leÌ?phone portable. Le systeÌ?me 'i-mode', commercialiseÌ? depuis feÌ?vrier 1999, permet aux usagers de surfer sur Internet et de teÌ?leÌ?charger des messages emails, de la musique ou des photos sur les teÌ?leÌ?phones cellulaires. Le pheÌ?nomeÌ?ne 'i-mode' a eu dernieÌ?rement une augmentation fulgurante: en effet, dans les quatres derniers mois, il y a eu 5 millions de nouveaux abonneÌ?s. La 'i-mode'-mania a permis aÌ? NTT DoCoMo d'augmenter son beÌ?neÌ?fice net de 22,2% au dernier semestre. En concluant une alliance avec des compagnies de teÌ?leÌ?phonie europeÌ?enne il y a deux mois, NTT DoCoMo souhaite bientoÌ?t s'implanter dans le vieux continent.
+En 1833, Marcus Samuel ouvre une boutique d'articles de bimbeloterie aÌ? Londres qui se speÌ?cialisera rapidement dans les coquillages exotiques. GraÌ?ce aux bons contacts commerciaux avec l'ExtreÌ?me Orient il commencera aÌ? importer du peÌ?trole. En 1897, le fils de Samuel deÌ?cide de se deÌ?dier totalement au commerce du peÌ?trole et fonde la 'Shell Transport and Trading Company'. Celle-ci entrera en concurrence avec la compagnie de peÌ?trole hollandaise, avant de fusionner avec elle et donner naissance, en 1907, aÌ? la 'Royal Dutch Shell' qui garda comme symbole la coquille Saint-Jacques. Aujourd'hui, 'Shell' est devenue une des plus importantes compagnies peÌ?trolieÌ?res du monde. Mais son histoire a eÌ?teÌ? marqueÌ?e par nombreuses violations des Droits de l'Homme, notamment en Afrique, ouÌ? elle a toujours financeÌ? les reÌ?gimes dictatoriaux en eÌ?change d'un soutien inconditionneÌ? aÌ? ses affaires. La compagnie a aussi eÌ?teÌ? impliqueÌ?e dans plusieurs massacres d
e personnes qui protestaient contre les conseÌ?quences environnementales de la politique de 'Shell' au Nigeria.
+Miko s'implante sur le marcheÌ? tcheÌ?que
+Le web envahi par de droÌ?les de bestioles
+epizootie.com
+TOKYO Le numeÌ?ro un mondial du jeu videÌ?o Nintendo a avanceÌ? d'un mois le lancement de sa nouvelle console de jeux videÌ?o portable Game Boy Advance. Celle-ci vient remplacer la console actuelle Game Boy avec l'objectif ambitieux d'en vendre 24 millions d'uniteÌ?s en un an. "Nous lancerons Game Boy Advance le 21 mars, pour 9.800 yens (88 euros) avec 25 nouveaux jeux. Puis nous la lancerons aux Etats-Unis le 11 juin au prix de 99,95 dollars, avant de commencer les ventes en Australie et en Europe d'ici la fin juin", a indiqueÌ? un porte-parole du groupe. La nouvelle console offrira une uniteÌ? centrale de 32 bits capable de traiter quatre fois plus de donneÌ?es que la Game Boy, ainsi qu'un eÌ?cran aÌ? cristaux liquides une fois et demie plus large. Il sera possible d'eÌ?changer du courrier eÌ?lectronique, de s'affronter en ligne et de teÌ?leÌ?charger d'autres donneÌ?es.
+ Saviez-vous que le terme 'Ketchup' vient du chinois 'Ke Tsiap'? Cela deÌ?signait en effet une saumure de poisson que les marins britanniques rapportaient au 18e sieÌ?cle. Seulement voilaÌ?... Cette sauce relativement piquante eÌ?tait trop forte pour les petits palais deÌ?licats de nos amis britons. Les cuisiniers anglais -oui, cela existe- deÌ?cideÌ?rent alors d'adoucir le produit en y ajoutant force tomate, champignons et sucre. Une mixture que les AmeÌ?ricains trouveÌ?rent ensuite trop douce. C'est pourquoi Henry J. Heinz eut l'ideÌ?e d'ajouter des eÌ?pices aÌ? son "tomato ketsup" en 1873 pour en faire du "hot ketchup". En 1876, Heinz fonde avec son freÌ?re et son cousin la F & J Heinz Company preÌ?s de Pittsburgh. Et vers 1886, il se rend aÌ? Londres pour preÌ?senter tous ses produits aÌ? Fortnum et Mason, l'eÌ?picier en gros fournisseur de la Reine qui deÌ?clare: "Je crois que je ne vais pas vous prendre un seul produit de votre gamme..., je vais tous les prendre".
+TOKYO Nintendo a annonceÌ? qu'il s'alliait avec Olympus Optical afin de deÌ?velopper de nouveaux types de jeux pour la future Game Boy Advance. Les deux partenaires souhaitent deÌ?velopper des jeux permettant d'utiliser diffeÌ?rents personnages, dont les fameux 'PokeÌ?mon'. Pour cela, les caracteÌ?ristiques des personnages seraient stockeÌ?es sur des cartes eÌ?lectroniques baptiseÌ?es Card-e, des nouvelles cartes qui pourront meÌ?moriser les deÌ?tails de chaque heÌ?ros. Les analystes voient dans cette strateÌ?gie une volonteÌ? d'exploiter au mieux le succeÌ?s des PokeÌ?mon, afin de rester concurrentiel dans le marcheÌ? des jeux videÌ?os.
+LOS ANGELES Barbie feÌ?te aujourd'hui son 49e anniversaire. Un aÌ?ge qu'elle ne fait deÌ?cidemment pas puisqu'elle apparaiÌ?t toujours aussi fringuante et souriante que jamais. Elle n'en a pas moins eÌ?volueÌ? avec les eÌ?poques taÌ?chant bien souvent d'incarner un certain ideÌ?al feÌ?minin propre aÌ? son temps. Barbie, qui berce les petites filles depuis plusieurs geÌ?neÌ?rations, est en effet neÌ?e le 9 mars 1959 aÌ? El Segundo preÌ?s de Los Angeles. Sa geÌ?nitrice, Ruth Handler, eut l'ideÌ?e de lui donner vie en observant sa fille Barbara, surnommeÌ?e tendrement Barbie, en train de veÌ?tir de robes en papier des figurines en carton. Le myhte eÌ?tait neÌ?... Elle fit alors, en septembre de la meÌ?me anneÌ?e, sa joyeuse entreÌ?e aÌ? la Foire de New York, preÌ?senteÌ?e par Harol Mattson et Elliott Handler, l'eÌ?poux de Ruth, les fondateurs de Mattel. A l'approche de la cinquataine, Barbie semble avoir encore un bel avenir devant elle, sans la moindre ride sur le visage.
+ Le marketing viral sur Internet...? Quel droÌ?le d'animal. C'est avant tout un moyen de communication puissant doteÌ? d'un couÌ?t deÌ?fiant toute concurrence. Procter & Gamble, rappelez-vous, avait utiliseÌ? ce systeÌ?me. Son opeÌ?ration 'baiser virtuel', une e-card aÌ? adresser aÌ? la personne de son choix, avait en effet eÌ?teÌ? entretenue sur le Net par les producteurs du film "Blairwitch projet", qui doit lui-meÌ?me son succeÌ?s au bouche aÌ? oreille. Le principe est simple, calqueÌ? sur les fameuses reÌ?unions Tupperware en quelque sorte. Une personne en parraine une multitude d'autres en les invitant aÌ? parrainer eÌ?galement d'autres personnes aÌ? leur tour. Avec aÌ? la cleÌ? des cadeaux, bien suÌ?r... Seth Godin, le chantre du marketing reÌ?sume bien le principe dans "Unleashing the idea virus": "Ne tournez plus votre marketing vers n'importe qui! Transformez plutoÌ?t vos ideÌ?es en eÌ?pideÌ?mies et invitez vos clients aÌ? faire votre marketing aÌ? votre place". Une
bieÌ?re qui vous incite aÌ? crier "Watssuuuuuppp...", cela vous dit quelque chose?
+TOKYO Le geÌ?ant japonais de l'eÌ?lectronique Toshiba, SCEI, filiale de Sony en charge des jeux videÌ?os et de la Playstation, et le groupe informatique ameÌ?ricain IBM vont s'allier afin de deÌ?velopper des microprocesseurs. Le but est de creÌ?er un 'super-ordinateur sur une puce', destineÌ? aÌ? remplacer le fameux 'Deep Blue' d'IBM. Les trois groupes investiront un total de 400 millions de dollars dans les cinq prochaines anneÌ?es, et ils mettront leurs capaciteÌ?s diverses au service de cette puce informatique d'une taille de 1,1 microns, soit 10.000 fois plus petite qu'un cheveu humain. Ce microprocesseur devrait eÌ?tre plus puissant que le fameux 'Deep Blue', lequel a battu aux eÌ?checs le champion du monde Kasparov. ParalleÌ?lement, Toshiba et SCEI ont signeÌ? un accord afin de deÌ?velopper ensemble des puces DRAM d'une taille de 0,13 microns pour eÌ?quiper la Playstation 2.
+Le nom Lego fut trouveÌ? par le Danois Ole Kirk Christiansen en effectuant un jeu de mot en danois avec le mots 'leg godt' ('joue bien'). Ce n'est que plus tard que le fondateur de l'entreprise de jouets se rendit compte qu'en latin, 'lego' signifiait 'j'assemble'. Cette coiÌ?ncidence allait marquer la socieÌ?teÌ? danoise, creÌ?eÌ? en 1953 par le meÌ?me Christiansen. Ancien menuisier-charpentier, Ole Kirk Christiansen se speÌ?cialisa dans les jouets en bois, mais lorsque son usine fut deÌ?truite par un incendie en 1947, il se deÌ?dia aux jouets en plastique. L'ideÌ?e des briques aÌ? assembler lui vint aÌ? l'esprit en 1949 et quatre ans plus tard, les Lego devinrent une reÌ?aliteÌ? incontournable pour les enfants. Depuis lors, 110 milliards de petites briques ont eÌ?teÌ? fabriqueÌ?es dans l'usine de Billund. Les Lego ont eu un grand succeÌ?s parce qu'ils permettent notamment aux enfants de deÌ?velopper leur creÌ?ativiteÌ?.
+ Virgin Express, compagnie aeÌ?rienne du groupe britannique Virgin, a signeÌ? un accord de distribution eÌ?lectronique avec Worldspan, un fournisseur ameÌ?ricain de technologie de voyages, de systeÌ?mes de reÌ?servation et de distribution. C'est ce qu'ont annonceÌ?, hier, les deux entreprises dans un communiqueÌ?. "La coopeÌ?ration entre Virgin Express et Worldspan est un grand pas en avant pour le deÌ?veloppement du reÌ?seau de distribution de Virgin Express", ont preÌ?ciseÌ? les socieÌ?teÌ?s dans un communiqueÌ?. DoreÌ?navant, il sera plus aiseÌ? pour les agences de voyages d'offrir aÌ? leurs clients et aux passagers de la compagnie aeÌ?rienne des vols aÌ? des prix raisonnables. Virgin Express eÌ?tant une des compagnies qui beÌ?neÌ?ficient des nouvelles possibiliteÌ?s de tarifications annonceÌ?es par Worldspan l'an dernier. En effet, jusqu'aÌ? preÌ?sent, les agences de voyages pouvaient reÌ?server des sieÌ?ges sur Virgin Express mais celles-ci devaient contacter la compagn
ie aeÌ?rienne pour obtenir une confirmation de la reÌ?servation.
+En Belgique, Quick est la chaiÌ?ne de restauration la plus populaire. Effectivement, Quick privileÌ?gie les gouÌ?ts et, surtout, les produits de chez nous. Le consommateur ne s'y est d'ailleurs pas trompeÌ?. Par exemple, et au contraire de son grand rival, la viande est fournie par des eÌ?leveurs belges. C'est en 1971 que le groupe belge GB-INNO-BM (GIB) fonde l'enseigne Quick en Belgique. En 1980, le 'ham' made in Belgium commence sa perceÌ?e sur le territoire français. Il eÌ?tait une fois le hamburger en Europe. Aujourd'hui, Quick compte pas moins de 16.000 collaborateurs reÌ?partis dans plus de 400 restaurants en Belgique, au Luxembourg, en France, en Hongrie et en SloveÌ?nie. Pour la petite histoire, c'est aÌ? Hambourg, en Allemagne, qu'est neÌ? le hamburger. C'est de ce port que sont partis, dans le derniers tiers du 19e sieÌ?cle, un grand nombre d'eÌ?migrants pour l'AmeÌ?rique. Le steak de boeuf hacheÌ? eÌ?tait le principal plat servi aÌ? bord des bateaux.
+VEVEY La creÌ?ation du cafeÌ? soluble NescafeÌ? remonte aux anneÌ?es 30, aÌ? l'eÌ?poque ouÌ? le BreÌ?sil eÌ?tait confronteÌ? aÌ? des exceÌ?dents de production. Comment utiliser les preÌ?cieux grains de cafeÌ?, que certains allaient meÌ?me jusqu'aÌ? bruÌ?ler dans des locomotives ? Le BreÌ?sil s'adressa alors aÌ? l'industriel suisse NestleÌ?, ceÌ?leÌ?bre pour son invention d'une farine lacteÌ?e destineÌ?e aÌ? l'alimentation des nourrissons. Les chercheurs de la firme baseÌ?e aÌ? Vevey mirent tout d'abord au point des petits cubes de cafeÌ?, avant d'imaginer la recette du cafeÌ? soluble, en 1938. Le NescafeÌ? eÌ?tait neÌ?. Bizarrement, ce sont les GI's ameÌ?ricains qui populariseÌ?rent ce produit en France. Ses habitants en avaient en effet eÌ?teÌ? priveÌ? par l'Occupation. Les GI's, eux, avaient eu tout le loisir de l'appreÌ?cier, car leur ration journalieÌ?re comportait un sachet de NescafeÌ?.
+Le monde du vin sur le Net avec Delhaize
+L'eau de Spa s'exporte depuis plus de 400 ans
+Proton gratuit via le teÌ?leÌ?phone public
+Le 'web-streaming' fonctionne bien en Europe
+De la cigarette pour femmes au Marlboro-man
+Perrier, le 'champagne des eaux de table'
+Il fallut toutefois attendre 1906 pour assister aÌ? la veÌ?ritable naissance de 'Perrier', graÌ?ce aÌ? l'arriveÌ?e de sir John Harmsworth, un jeune lord anglais qui eut un veÌ?ritable coup de coeur pour cette eau bouillonnante. ParalyseÌ? suite aÌ? un accident de voiture, c'est lui qui imagina la ceÌ?leÌ?bre forme des bouteilles de Perrier, en s'inspirant des instruments utiliseÌ?s pour ses exercices de reÌ?eÌ?ducation. En faisant jouer ses relations, il reÌ?ussit aÌ? faire de Perrier le fournisseur exclusif de la cour britannique.
+Se connecter aÌ? Internet et gagner des DVD
+La mutation du speÌ?culoos
+Des pommes, des poires et Du vrai sirop de LieÌ?ge
+Belgacom en Asie
+Schweppes, le plus vieux soft-drink du monde
+Le grand meÌ?chant look de Naf-Naf C'est en 1973 que GeÌ?rard Pariente ouvre la boutique 'Naphtaline', passage du Caire aÌ? Paris. TreÌ?s vite rejoint par son freÌ?re Patrick, il sort la collection 'Naf-Naf' (contraction de Naphtaline) en 1978. La campagne de publiciteÌ? axeÌ?e sur le slogan 'le grand meÌ?chant look' est signeÌ?e Franck Davidovici. En 1984, elle obtient le premier prix du club des directeurs artistiques. Il permet aÌ? Naf-Naf de s'affirmer sur la sceÌ?ne internationale comme une marque jeune, feÌ?minine et coloreÌ?e. A partir de 1985, Naf-Naf s'enrichit de nouveaux produits pour agreÌ?menter son look en conceÌ?dant des licences: lunettes, petite bagagerie, maroquinerie, papeterie... En 1988, la marque lance des doudounes aÌ? son nom. L'anneÌ?e suivante, ce sont des jeans. En association avec l'OreÌ?al, c'est le lancement d'un premier parfum en 1991: 'Une touche de Naf-Naf' est distribueÌ? dans les grandes et moyennes surfaces. Il devient le parfum numeÌ?ro 1
dans son secteur.
+CUPERTINO La firme aÌ? la pomme vient de commercialiser son systeÌ?me d'exploitation de nouvelle geÌ?neÌ?ration, le Mac OS X. Celui-ci est censeÌ? eÌ?tre suffisamment puissant pour eÌ?quiper ses machines "pendant les quinze prochaines anneÌ?es", selon son PDG Steve Jobs. Sept ans de travail, quelques errements technologiques et plusieurs reports auront eÌ?teÌ? neÌ?cessaires avant de pouvoir 'offrir' au public (contre environ 6.000 FB), la premieÌ?re version "pleinement opeÌ?rationnelle" d'un OS qui constitue le premier saut technologique d'envergure depuis la sortie du premier Mac, il y a dix-sept ans. Pour respecter ses deÌ?lais, Apple a duÌ? faire l'impasse sur quelques fonctionnaliteÌ?s a priori incontournables, comme la possibiliteÌ? de lire des DVD ou de graver des CD. Des mises aÌ? jour sont cependant deÌ?jaÌ? promises aÌ? partir d'avril. www.apple.com/fr/macosx/index.html
+C'est aÌ? la fin du 19e sieÌ?cle que naiÌ?t Caterpillar. Cette firme ameÌ?ricaine fabriquait -et fabrique toujours- des machines destineÌ?es aÌ? l'agriculture et des tracteurs monteÌ?s sur des chenilles. C'est ainsi que vint le nom de Caterpillar (ce qui signifie chenille en anglais). En meÌ?me temps, elle fournissait aux fermiers des chaussures et autres veÌ?tements pour les travaux dans les champs. Aujourd'hui, Caterpillar, outre ses engins de type pelleteuse ou bulldozer, est devenue une grande marque de chaussure aupreÌ?s des jeunes. Pour les engins de chantiers, Caterpillar est aussi eÌ?tablie aÌ? Gosselies (Charleroi) depuis 35 ans. LaÌ?, elle emploie plus de 4.100 personnes. C'est un des plus gros employeurs priveÌ?s de la ReÌ?gion wallonne. C'est eÌ?galement la premieÌ?re usine du groupe en dehors des USA. Caterpillar Belgium annoncera ses reÌ?sultats 2000 au mois de mai. A Gosselies, on parle deÌ?jaÌ? d'un treÌ?s bon cru.
+PARIS La Renault Laguna II, est devenue la premieÌ?re voiture aÌ? deÌ?crocher la note maximale de cinq eÌ?toiles au crash-test de mesure de seÌ?curiteÌ? effectueÌ? par Euro NCAP. "Nous sommes absolument ravis de la performance reÌ?aliseÌ?e par la nouvelle Renault Laguna. Certains constructeurs preÌ?tendaient qu'il eÌ?tait impossible de deÌ?crocher la cinquieÌ?me eÌ?toile Euro NCAP; or, moins d'une anneÌ?e apreÌ?s son introduction, Renault reÌ?ussi aÌ? s'eÌ?lever aÌ? ce treÌ?s haut niveau de performance en matieÌ?re de reÌ?sistance aux crash-tests", a deÌ?clareÌ? hier Max Mosley, le preÌ?sident de la FeÌ?deÌ?ration internationale de l'automobile (FIA) et d'Euro NCAP. Pour obtenir la cinquieÌ?me eÌ?toile deÌ?cerneÌ?e par Euro NCAP, principal organisme indeÌ?pendant en Europe en matieÌ?re de crash-tests, une voiture doit reÌ?agir de façon excellente aux essais de chocs lateÌ?ral et frontal, ainsi qu'au nouvel essai de protection de la teÌ?te mis en place par Euro NCAP, et app
eleÌ? le 'test du poteau'.
+NAB004 4 EMC 0525 F 018
+Le groupe Auchan lance son site de commerce eÌ?lectronique. Une
+ En effet, la socieÌ?teÌ? sise aÌ? Chavannes-de-Bogis, en Suisse, a reÌ?aliseÌ? l'inteÌ?graliteÌ? de l'interface graphique du site. Axe Communication aÌ? eÌ?teÌ? seÌ?lectionneÌ? pour ses compeÌ?tences en ergonomie et en graphisme, ainsi que pour son expertise dans le domaine du commerce eÌ?lectronique. Partenaire privileÌ?gieÌ? de LeShop - premier supermarcheÌ? virtuel de Suisse -, Axe beÌ?neÌ?ficie en effet d'une grande connaissance de la technologie deÌ?veloppeÌ?e par LeShop.
+ L'ergonomie de la navigation et des fonctionnaliteÌ?s a eÌ?teÌ? particulieÌ?rement soigneÌ?e et adapteÌ?e aux caracteÌ?ristiques du marcheÌ? français. La relation eÌ?troite qui unit Auchan et Axe a deÌ?jaÌ? permis aÌ? cette dernieÌ?re de reÌ?aliser pour le groupe français sa charte graphique eÌ?lectronique.
+ Axe a donc aujourd'hui le privileÌ?ge de vous inviter aÌ? deÌ?couvrir cette fructueuse collaboration aÌ? l'adresse http://www.auchandirect.fr Axe Communication SA Axe Communication est une agence conseil en communication doteÌ?e d'une structure pluridisciplinaire regroupant sous un meÌ?me toit conseillers en communication, chefs de projets, graphistes et deÌ?veloppeurs. Depuis sa creÌ?ation en 1989, Axe s'est reÌ?solument tourneÌ? vers la conception d'outils multimeÌ?dias, ce qui lui permet aujourd'hui d'occuper une position de pointe dans ce secteur.
+KookaiÌ?, les top-models n'ont qu'aÌ? bien se tenir
+InstalleÌ?e elle aussi dans le Sentier, la nouvelle socieÌ?teÌ? de preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter devait se doter d'un nom original et facile aÌ? retenir. Un des associeÌ?s avait paraiÌ?t-il un faible pour une jeune femme surnommeÌ?e 'Koo Stark', qui fut aÌ? une eÌ?poque la petite amie d'un des fils de la reine d'Angleterre. Il fut donc deÌ?cideÌ? de conserver le nom 'Koo' et de lui adjoindre la syllabe 'kaiÌ?'. KookaiÌ? eÌ?tait neÌ? et allait bientoÌ?t donner naissance aux 'kookaiÌ?ettes', heÌ?roiÌ?nes des diverses campagnes publicitaires de la marque. Depuis, KookaiÌ? a eÌ?largi sa gamme et, outre les '15-25 ans", cible deÌ?sormais les femmes actives de 30 aÌ? 40 ans. La marque a aussi fait, avec beaucoup d'humour, appel aÌ? des top-models tels que Cindy Crawford, Estelle Halliday et Linda Evangelista. Dans cette campagne de pub, les trois reines des podiums exprimaient -avec le sourire- leur meÌ?fiance aÌ? l'eÌ?gard de la concurrence des 'kookaiÌ?ettes'. Depuis 1996, KookaiÌ? est une
filiale aÌ? 100% du groupe de chaussures Andre.
+TOKYO L'opeÌ?rateur de teÌ?leÌ?phonie mobile japonais NTT Docomo, qui a creÌ?eÌ? le service d'acceÌ?s au web "i-mode", va tester au Japon un service qui permettra d'acheter des canettes de Coca-Cola et autres boissons par teÌ?leÌ?phone portable dans les distributeurs automatiques. Le service, proposeÌ? en collaboration avec le geÌ?ant du soda et la maison de commerce japonaise Itochu, permettra aux abonneÌ?s au service i-mode d'acheter sans utiliser d'argent des canettes vendues dans les innombrables distributeurs automatiques de boissons du Japon. "Pendant la peÌ?riode d'essai, les consommateurs pourront acheter des produits de machines speciales 'i-vending', sans utiliser d'argent, en utilisant leur portable i-mode. Des messages et des publiciteÌ?s apparaiÌ?tront sur les eÌ?crans des portables et les utilisateurs recevront des points, qu'ils pourront reÌ?utiliser pour de nouveaux achats", ont indiqueÌ? les trois groupes.
+ Selon une eÌ?tude reÌ?aliseÌ?e par PricewaterhouseCoopers, l'ensemble du budget publicitaire en ligne aura, en 2000, deÌ?passeÌ? pour la premieÌ?re fois le demi-milliard en Belgique (508 millions de FB). En 1999, ce budget avait eÌ?teÌ? de 194 millions de FB. Comme pour les meÌ?dias dits 'traditionnels', on constate des variations saisonnieÌ?res dans le domaine de la publiciteÌ? on line. Plus de 30% des investissements dans ce domaine ont en effet eÌ?teÌ? effectueÌ?s durant le 4eÌ?me trimestre de l'anneÌ?e. Signalons eÌ?galement que le budget moyen d'une campagne publicitaire en ligne en Belgique se monte aÌ? environ 1,2 million de FB.
+DES PLAINES Le creÌ?ateur de Mc Donald's avait un nom preÌ?destineÌ?: il s'appelait Ray Kroc. Ce repreÌ?sentant en mixers et vaisselle en carton a eu l'ideÌ?e de lancer une chaiÌ?ne de restauration rapide lorsqu'il entra en contact avec les responsables du 'Fast-Food Drive-in' de San Bernardino, en Californie. Ceux-ci lui avaient commandeÌ? huit mixers, ce qui avait eÌ?veilleÌ? sa curiositeÌ?.
+Exxon Mobil deÌ?troÌ?ne General Motors
+Grande et mini histoire de l'Austin C'est en 1895 qu'Herbert Austin lance sa premieÌ?re voiture. Celle-ci ne dispose que de trois roues et est monteÌ?e aÌ? Birmingham. L'usine est ensuite deÌ?placeÌ?e vers Birmingham et l'Austin Seven sort en 1922. Elle porte le nom de Dixi en Allemagne et de Datsun au Japon. En juillet 1952, Austin et Morris fusionnent pour former la marque B.M.C. (British Motor Corporation). C'est en 1960 que sort la fameuse Mini, une voiture reÌ?volutionnaire conçue par Alec Issigonis. Elle assure son roÌ?le de citadine, mais se distingue aussi en rallye et remporte notamment Monte-Carlo en 1964 et 1965. L'Austin "Metro" ne connaiÌ?tra pas le meÌ?me succeÌ?s. Par la suite, BMC sera absorbeÌ? par Leyland, qui le sera ensuite par Rover. C'est maintenant BMW qui est proprieÌ?taire des productions Rover.
+JERSEY CITY La marque de dentifrice Colgate est mondialement connue. Ainsi que le promettait un slogan des anneÌ?es 50, ses utilisateurs comptent sur cette paÌ?te pour obtenir des "dents blanches et une haleine fraiÌ?che". Mais savent-ils que la firme a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e aux Etats-Unis, en 1806, par William Colgate? A l'origine, cette socieÌ?teÌ? implanteÌ?e aÌ? Jersey City fabriquait des bougies et du savon. En 1877, Samuel Colgate -le fils du fondateur- met au point une paÌ?te dentifrice au gouÌ?t de menthe. Ce qui constituait alors un net progreÌ?s par rapport aux dentifrices de l'eÌ?poque, au gouÌ?t meÌ?chamment saleÌ?. Autre ameÌ?lioration: le dentifrice Colgate eÌ?tait conditionneÌ? dans une boiÌ?te familiale. Il suffisait alors de frotter sa brosse aÌ? dent sur la paÌ?te pour se servir. Cela peut paraiÌ?tre bizarre de nos jours, mais il faut savoir qu'en ce temps-laÌ?, on utilisait du dentifrice en poudre. En 1908, la mise sur le marcheÌ? du 'Ribbon Dental Cream', pre
mieÌ?re paÌ?te en tube, permet aÌ? Colgate de devenir le numeÌ?ro 1 mondial du dentifrice. Et, depuis lors, le succeÌ?s de l'entreprise fondeÌ?e jadis aÌ? Jersey City ne s'est pas deÌ?menti.
+ Selon une eÌ?tude reÌ?aliseÌ?e par PricewaterhouseCoopers, les acheteurs en ligne privileÌ?gient la simpliciteÌ? dans les sites d'e-commerce. Ce qu'ils recherchent en prioriteÌ?, c'est des informations faciles aÌ? trouver sur les produits preÌ?senteÌ?s. Ce souhait est eÌ?mis par 77% des personnes interrogeÌ?es. Par contre, elles sont peu nombreuses aÌ? appreÌ?cier le support 'en direct' proposeÌ? aÌ? la clienteÌ?le par certains sites de vente en ligne. De meÌ?me, seulement 19% des acheteurs ont deÌ?jaÌ? compleÌ?teÌ? une liste de souhaits, comme ils eÌ?taient inviteÌ?s aÌ? le faire. Et ils sont encore moins -13%- aÌ? l'avoir transmise aÌ? des amis. Bref, selon PricewaterhouseCoopers, les sites d'e-commerce ont tout inteÌ?reÌ?t aÌ? se concentrer sur les produits mis en vente et aÌ? ne proposer des 'aÌ? coÌ?teÌ?' que quand ils apportent une reÌ?elle valeur ajouteÌ?e.
+SEATTLE Microsoft Corp a annonceÌ? le lancement d'un service de distribution de musique en ligne qui pourrait jeter les bases d'un systeÌ?me de teÌ?leÌ?chargement et d'abonnement. Cette initiative survient deux jours apreÌ?s la creÌ?ation de MusicNet, plate-forme de musique en ligne du rival de Microsoft, RealNetworks Inc. "Ceci repreÌ?sente une porte d'entreÌ?e vers l'industrie de la musique en ligne. C'est le premier service que nous offrirons aux consommateurs", a deÌ?clareÌ? au cours d'une interview Sarah Lefki, chef de produit chez Microsoft.
+Les donneÌ?es musicales seront baseÌ?es sur le logiciel Windows Media, consideÌ?reÌ? comme une alternative plus suÌ?re au format MP3 qui est devenu la norme de reÌ?feÌ?rence pour la musique en ligne.
+Chimay, une des six trappistes
+La pub sur le Net se diversifie
+Nouvelle geÌ?neÌ?ration de sites commerciaux pour Renault
+Body Shop, vendre autre chose que de la beauteÌ?
+Amazon.com et Adobe vendront des livres eÌ?lectroniques
+DeÌ?s mardi, les internautes vont pouvoir teÌ?leÌ?charger gratuitement un logiciel d'Adobe, Acrobat eBook Reader, sur Amazon.com et acceÌ?der aÌ? des titres de grands eÌ?diteurs ameÌ?ricains, dont Simon and Schuster, ainsi que des articles universitaires, des guides de voyages et des ouvrages pour enfants. Amazon.com compte quelque 30 millions de clients aÌ? travers le monde. Le geÌ?ant de la distribution en ligne a deÌ?marreÌ? avec la vente de livres, qui reste son activiteÌ? numeÌ?ro un, meÌ?me s'il s'est diversifieÌ? depuis dans la musique et l'eÌ?lectronique grand public.
+Fils de Lord, Charles Rolls, fut l'un des premiers aÌ? acheter une automobile en Angleterre. Faute de production locale, il s'agissait d'une voiture française de marque Peugeot. PassionneÌ? par l'automobile et la course, Charles Rolls ouvrit meÌ?me un garage aÌ? Londres, avant de se tuer aux commandes d'un avion lors d'un meeting aeÌ?rien en 1910.
+L&H creÌ?e une nouvelle socieÌ?teÌ?
+Valvert, l'eau qui s'exporte via le rail
+Escroquerie bancaire de 4 milliards de dollars sur Internet
+Fruit of the loom assoit le tee-shirt Non loin de New York, dans l'Etat de Rhode Island, on pouvait acheter aÌ? la fin du sieÌ?cle dernier de merveilleux tissus orneÌ?s de fruits du verger peints par la fille du marchands de tissus. En 1906, la marque 'fruit of the loom' (les fruits du meÌ?tier aÌ? tisser) eÌ?tait deÌ?poseÌ?e par un fabricant de tee-shirt, James Gold Farb, un Polonais immigreÌ?. RacheteÌ?e par Union Underwear en 1948, la marque est devenue le numeÌ?ro un mondial du tee-shirt.
+Plus d'e-reÌ?servations pour Virgin Express
+Bister et son ceÌ?leÌ?bre bocal 'grenade'
+Mars de la barre aÌ? la glace
+La fieÌ?vre aphteuse pourrait handicaper Nike
+Des "capotes anglaises" qui durent, qui Durex
+Les gens acheÌ?tent moins de musique
+Une alliance pour le commerce eÌ?lectronique
+Lazer blinde les motards
+Lazer blinde les motards
+Les Pages d'Or changent d'image
+Le nouveau logo veut donc deÌ?gager une image d'information teÌ?leÌ?com actualiseÌ?e, disponible aÌ? tout instant, et ainsi deÌ?passer la vieille image associeÌ?e aux bons vieux annuaires papier. PromeÌ?dia a donc opteÌ? pour ce 'bouton' tridimensionnel qui met justement l'accent sur l'accessibiliteÌ? des divers canaux d'information.
+ La preÌ?histoire de Michelin commence par une rencontre en 1830 entre un Auvergnat qui fabriquait des machines agricoles, et une jeune eÌ?cossaise, Mme DaubreÌ?e, la nieÌ?ce de MacIntosh, l'inventeur de l'impermeÌ?able en tissu caoutchouteÌ?. Enfant, Mme DaubreÌ?e jouait avec des balles de caoutchouc que lui confectionnait son oncle, et c'est donc nostalgique qu'elle demanda aÌ? son mari d'en faire pour ses enfants. L'entreprise Barbier-DaubreÌ?e naissait ainsi.
+Que Maille qui m'aille
+En 1930, aÌ? la mort du dernier descendant des Maille aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 102 ans, Philippe de Rotschild racheÌ?te l'entreprise Maille. C'est le temps de l'expansion, celui ouÌ? les meÌ?thodes de production prennent le virage industriel. En 1952, Maille unit sa destineÌ?e aÌ? celle du moutardier dijonnais Grey-Poupon. En 1980, la GeÌ?neÌ?rale Occidentale qui vient de racheter les deux socieÌ?teÌ?s, ceÌ?de ses parts aÌ? BSN, rebaptiseÌ? Groupe Danone en 1994. Celui-ci ceÌ?de Amora et Maille aÌ? Paribas Affaires Industrielles en 1997. En 2000, le groupe Unilever racheÌ?te la socieÌ?teÌ? Amora-Maille. On attribue l'invention de la phrase "Il n'y a que Maille qui m'aille" aÌ? Sacha Guitry.
+PARIS LanceÌ?e fin 1994 comme banque par teÌ?leÌ?phone, minitel, fax et courrier avec des conseillers disponibles 24h/24 du lundi au samedi, 'Banque Directe' vient de passer le cap des 100.000 clients. Dans un communiqueÌ?, la filiale de BNP Paribas revendique 135.000 comptes, soit 45% de plus qu'il y a un an. 'Banque Directe' annonce paralleÌ?lement la signature d'un partenariat avec 'MinutePay', socieÌ?teÌ? qui deÌ?tient les droits pour l'Europe de la technologie de paiement seÌ?curiseÌ? en ligne deÌ?veloppeÌ?e par l'ameÌ?ricain Digineer, en vue du lancement de celle-ci en France.
+VEVEY Le groupe NestleÌ? a reÌ?aliseÌ? un chiffre d'affaires de 19,4 milliards de FS au cours du premier trimestre, en hausse de 4,5% par rapport aÌ? la meÌ?me peÌ?riode de l'an dernier, a annonceÌ? hier le geÌ?ant de l'industrie alimentaire. Selon le patron du groupe, Peter Brabeck, NestleÌ? est sur la voie de reÌ?aliser une nouvelle anneÌ?e record en matieÌ?re de ventes et de beÌ?neÌ?fices. Toutes les zones geÌ?ographiques ont contribueÌ? aÌ? la croissance enregistreÌ?e durant les trois premiers mois de l'anneÌ?e. L'Asie, l'OceÌ?anie et l'Afrique ont particulieÌ?rement progresseÌ?. Les ventes en Europe, avec une croissance interne reÌ?elle de 2,5%, ont deÌ?passeÌ? l'objectif fixeÌ?. Le secteur des boissons a continueÌ? de bien progresser, avec une croissance reÌ?elle de 5,7%. Les produits laitiers, la nutrition et les glaces ont atteint une croissance de 3,5%. Les ventes de plats preÌ?pareÌ?s, produits pour cuisiner et produits pour animaux ont progresseÌ? de 4,5%, graÌ?ce
aux bonnes performances des produits surgeleÌ?s, des produits culinaires reÌ?frigeÌ?reÌ?s et de la marque Friskies. Enfin, le chocolat, la confiserie et les biscuits ont atteint une croissance interne reÌ?elle de 4%, graÌ?ce notamment aÌ? la bonne tenue des affaires de chocolat.
+ C'est en 1916 que Max Lindemann, fabricant de bas en Allemagne, deÌ?cide de vendre directement ses produits au public. Il ouvre ainsi la 1eÌ?re boutique de bas Etam, aÌ? Berlin. L'homme est un preÌ?curseur et, avant bien d'autres, il ouvre, dans les anneÌ?es 1920, des boutiques Etam dans toute l'Europe et au-delaÌ?, en s'associant avec des partenaires locaux. En 1928 Etam Belgique installe son premier magasin Rue Neuve, aÌ? Bruxelles. En 1925, Martin Milchior fonde la socieÌ?teÌ? Setamil qui deÌ?veloppe un reÌ?seau de boutiques d'articles de lingerie, en Belgique, puis en France. En 1963, Setamil s'associe aÌ? Lindemann pour creÌ?er un grand groupe. Aujourd'hui, Etam est au London Stock Exchange, aÌ? la Bourse de Paris, et a des enseignes jusqu'en Chine.
+MONTREAL La transaction portant sur l'acquisition par Bombardier d'Adtranz, la division ferroviaire de Daimler-Chryler, a eÌ?teÌ? finaliseÌ?e en date du 1er mai. La transaction, d'une valeur de 810,1 millions d'euros (32,68 milliards de FB), fait suite aÌ? une entente annonceÌ?e au mois d'aouÌ?t dernier. Elle avait eÌ?teÌ? autoriseÌ?e au deÌ?but du mois d'avril par la Commission EuropeÌ?enne sous reÌ?serve de plusieurs cessions et engagements. Bombardier passe ainsi au rang de n°1 mondial du secteur des eÌ?quipements ferroviaires, devant le Français Alstom et l'Allemand Siemens. Cette vente permet par ailleurs aÌ? DaimlerChrysler de boucler son recentrage sur l'activiteÌ? automobile.
+Lada signifie "la bien-aimeÌ?e" en russe ancien. C'est en 1970 que naiÌ?t la Jigouli, le premier modeÌ?le de Lada lanceÌ? par la firme VAZ et inspireÌ? d'une voiture italienne. Cette premieÌ?re automobile eÌ?tait deÌ?riveÌ?e de la Fiat 124. Il faut dire qu'en pleine guerre froide, le ministre russe de l'Industrie avait signeÌ? un accord avec la firme turinoise. Fiat devait apporter la technologie. De plus, les Italiens devaient lancer le meÌ?canisme de production et encadrer le personnel technique. Les planificateurs sovieÌ?tiques n'avaient alors encourageÌ? que la production de camions et d'autocars. Mais les Russes se sont vite libeÌ?reÌ?s de la 'protection' de Fiat. Ils ont suivi leur voie avec une certaine reÌ?ussite. Dans nos contreÌ?es, les Lada ont connu un beau succeÌ?s durant les anneÌ?es 70 et 80. En cause: leurs prix treÌ?s avantageux. Mais, avec l'arriveÌ?e de modeÌ?les asiatiques bon marcheÌ? et reÌ?pondant mieux aux attentes des consommateurs, Lada a perdu ses
parts de marcheÌ? durant les anneÌ?es 90. Aujourd'hui, la marque au bateau refait son apparition sur nos routes avec une nouvelle gamme.
+LibeÌ?rez Groquick
+Delacre, les biscuits du pharmacien
+Kodak investit dans le numeÌ?rique
+Le geÌ?ant ameÌ?ricain de la photo va investir preÌ?s de 6 milliards de dollars dans le deÌ?veloppement numeÌ?rique. Et pour ce faire, il vient de s'offrir Ofoto, le service en ligne d'Amazon. La fusion d'Ofoto et du service deÌ?jaÌ? existant PrintAtKodak devrait permettre au geÌ?ant de la photo dite 'classique' de bien se positionner dans le monde des images numeÌ?riques. De fait, Ofoto est est un des 'grands' sur le marcheÌ? des services de stockage. Il compte, aÌ? ce jour, 1,2 million d´abonneÌ?s.
+RICHMOND On a souvent tendance aÌ? l'oublier, mais la cigarette -aujourd'hui totalement inteÌ?greÌ?e aÌ? notre vie quotidienne- n'a eÌ?teÌ? inventeÌ?e qu'aÌ? la fin du 19eÌ?me sieÌ?cle en Europe. Avant, les amateurs de tabac fumaient la pipe ou chiquaient, tout simplement. C'est ainsi que Lucky Strike a fait son apparition sur le marcheÌ?, en 1856, en tant que marque de tabac aÌ? chiquer proposeÌ?e... par le docteur R. A. Patterson de Richmond, en Virginie.
+Cette marque, dont le nom rappelle l'eÌ?popeÌ?e du Far-West, a eÌ?teÌ? reprise en 1916 par l'American Tobacco. Lucky Strike devint alors un meÌ?lange de tabac pour la pipe. Ce n'est qu'un an plus tard, en 1917, que l'American Tobacco lancera les premieÌ?res cigarettes Lucky Strike, afin de faire face aÌ? la concurrence de la compagnie Reynold's et ses fameuses Camel. Au cours du 20eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, les paquets de Lucky Strike se sont notamment fait connaiÌ?tre graÌ?ce aÌ? leur logo imagineÌ? par le designer Raymond Loewy. L'intervention de ce dernier fut d'ailleurs suivie par un deÌ?collage des ventes de Lucky Strike.
+NEW YORK Selon une eÌ?tude meneÌ?e par IntelliQuest, aupreÌ?s des visiteuses du site Internet MSN, les femmes appreÌ?cient de plus en plus les services offerts par le Web. 78% des 2000 'surfeuses' interrogeÌ?es dans le cadre de cette enqueÌ?te affirment qu'elles reÌ?alisent des recherches en ligne, pour obtenir des informations sur un article convoiteÌ?, avant d'effectuer un achat. 60% disent aussi qu'Internet les aide aÌ? gagner du temps lors de leur processus d'achat. 900 jeunes meÌ?res ont eÌ?galement reÌ?pondu aux questions poseÌ?es dans le cadre de cette enqueÌ?te. Il apparaiÌ?t que 32% d'entre-elles se rendent moins freÌ?quemment dans les centres commerciaux depuis qu'elles ont la possibiliteÌ? de commander des articles en ligne et sont, plus que les autres, soucieuses de recevoir des conseils, via Internet, sur tel ou tel article.
+1957 marque les premieÌ?res exportations pour Sisheido avec des points de vente aÌ? TaiÌ?wan, puis Singapour, Hong Kong. Cette expansion se poursuit avec la creÌ?ation de Shiseido aÌ? Hawaii en 1962. Les bases sont jeteÌ?es pour deÌ?finir son identiteÌ? internationale. Aujourd'hui, Shiseido est numeÌ?ro quatre mondial du secteur cosmeÌ?tique. Il geÌ?re notamment les parfums de Jean-Paul Gaultier et d'Isey Miyake (L'eau d'Isey).
+En deÌ?cembre 1926, les Brasseries Artois de Louvain lancent une bieÌ?re de NoeÌ?l appeleÌ?e Stella, nom eÌ?voquant l'eÌ?toile de NoeÌ?l. Le succeÌ?s de la Stella en fera rapidement une bieÌ?re de reÌ?feÌ?rence en Belgique. Aujourd'hui, la Stella est la bieÌ?re belge qui s'exporte le mieux, notamment dans des pays comme la Hongrie, la Croatie ou l'Italie. Mais l'histoire de la bieÌ?re Artois est longue de plusieurs sieÌ?cles. En effet, on retrouve les premieÌ?res traces de la bieÌ?re en 1336, dans l'auberge-brasserie 'Den Hoorn' aÌ? Louvain. Cette brasserie sera racheteÌ?e en 1708 par Jean-Baptiste Artois qui deÌ?butera une entreprise familiale et donnera son nom aÌ? la bieÌ?re. En 1988, la socieÌ?teÌ? Stella Artois fusionne avec le groupe de LieÌ?ge Piedboeuf afin de creÌ?er Interbrew, le geÌ?ant de la bieÌ?re belge.
+SAN JOSE Le ralentissement de l'eÌ?conomie ameÌ?ricaine aura de fortes conseÌ?quences sur les ventes des semi-conducteurs. En effet, selon le bureau d'eÌ?tude Dataquest, l'industrie des semi-conducteurs devrait voir ses ventes baisser de 17% pour atteindre 188 milliards de dollars en 2001. Ce seront surtout les ventes de meÌ?moires informatiques -notamment D-RAM et Flash- qui seront toucheÌ?es par cette crise annonceÌ?e. Leur vente devrait en effet diminuer de 26%. "En 2001, tous les types de produits accuseront une forte baisse de chiffre d'affaires", deÌ?clare Tom Starnes, analyste en chef chargeÌ? des semi-conducteurs chez Gartner Dataquest.
+PARIS Les sites français d'e-commerce, de banques et de bourse en ligne ne garantissent pas un bon niveau de seÌ?curiteÌ? aÌ? leurs clients, indique une eÌ?tude de la socieÌ?teÌ? de services Internet Projetweb. En fait, preÌ?s de 75% des sites de banques ne sont que "meÌ?diocrement" proteÌ?geÌ?s. Ceci est eÌ?galement le cas pour 53% de l'ensemble des sites d'e-commerce et de bourse en ligne. Selon Projetweb, "les entreprises profitent de la confiance que leur accordent les internautes en dehors de l'Internet pour ne faire aucun effort". Elles estiment donc inutile d'informer les visiteurs des mesures de seÌ?curiteÌ? prises pour proteÌ?ger leurs donneÌ?es. Seuls 10% des sites testeÌ?s fournissent une information sur leur systeÌ?me de seÌ?curiteÌ?. Le gouvernement français a tenteÌ? de pallier aÌ? ce manque de seÌ?curiteÌ? en approuvant une reÌ?glementation qui permet aux entreprises d'utiliser des cleÌ?s seÌ?curitaires plus puissantes, mais cela n'a pas changeÌ? la situat
ion.
+Vers la moitieÌ? du 19eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, le 'CaffeÌ? Campari' est un bar aÌ? la mode situeÌ? au coeur une ceÌ?leÌ?bre galerie milanaise, proche de la place du DoÌ?me. Le cafeÌ? est tenu par Gaspare Campari, qui preÌ?pare les cocktails pour la bourgeoisie milanaise qui se presse aÌ? son comptoir. Un soir de 1860, Gaspare sort une bouteille d'une boisson rouge qu'il venait distiller. Plus tard, son gouÌ?t amer lui donnera le nom de 'Bitter', qui signifie justement amer en allemand. La populariteÌ? du 'CaffeÌ? Campari' de Milan et sa clienteÌ?le ceÌ?leÌ?bre permettront de faire connaiÌ?tre la boisson dans tout le pays. Le fils de Gaspare, Davide Campari, produira massivement la boisson aÌ? partir de 1910 et lui donnera une renommeÌ? internationale.
+corps muscleÌ? et mon petit bouc frissonne. Je sais que
+Maelbeek. Tu es prof dans le meÌ?me lyceÌ?e ouÌ? j'enseigne
+plus souvent en priveÌ?. CameÌ?s aÌ? son petit didi,
+surfeur_cames<\@>yahoo.fr
+ Efficio, une entreprise active dans l'eÌ?change de marchandises dans divers pays d'Europe, a lanceÌ? la premieÌ?re plate-forme paneuropeÌ?enne d'eÌ?change marchandises (le barter) sur l'Internet: CoBarter.com. Le 'barter' consiste en un commerce de biens et de services entre entreprises sans transfert d'argent. Elles peuvent ainsi, via ce systeÌ?me, acheter ce dont elles ont besoin en vendant ce dont elles disposent. Efficio a donc creÌ?eÌ? sur ce principe un programme apportant des solutions financieÌ?res, commerciales et marketing aux entreprises.
+PARIS Les calembours eÌ?taient une forme d'humour treÌ?s usiteÌ?e aÌ? la Belle Epoque. Parmi elles, il en eÌ?tait une qui faisait pouffer nos arrieÌ?re-grands-parents amateurs d'opeÌ?ras: "La ChevaucheÌ?e des vaches qui rient" de Wagner... C'est ainsi qu'ils se moquaient de l'ouverture de "Lohengrin" ("l'eau en grain"...) du compositeur allemand. LeÌ?on Bel, un neÌ?gociant en gruyeÌ?re, raffolait de ce genre d'humour, ce qui lui donna l'ideÌ?e de baptiser sa creÌ?me de gruyeÌ?re fondu du nom de 'La Vache qui rit'. Il dessina d'ailleurs lui-meÌ?me l'eÌ?tiquette d'une vache en train de rire. Mais il eut l'excellente ideÌ?e de la faire redessiner par Benjamin Rabier, un illustrateur des fables de La Fontaine, qui lui rajouta ses ceÌ?leÌ?bres boucles d'oreilles. Le succeÌ?s fuÌ?t tel que de nombreux succeÌ?daneÌ?s fleurirent dans les eÌ?choppes: la Vache Coquette, la Vache qui rue, la Vache qui lit, la Bonne Vache, etc. Un proceÌ?s opposa meÌ?me durant des anneÌ?es les fromageri
es Bel aÌ? un concurrent plutoÌ?t tenace, la Vache SeÌ?rieuse... Mais Bel s'est eÌ?galement fait connaiÌ?tre par d'autres produits aujourd'hui bien connus. Le Bonbel, par exemple, est neÌ? de "bel et bon", les jeux de mots eÌ?tant toujours du gouÌ?t du fromager. Tandis, que le Kiri, le fromage des gastronomes en culottes courtes, coupait tout simplement la Vache en deux.
+TOKYO Les titres des fabricants de biberons et autres eÌ?quipements pour beÌ?beÌ?s se sont envoleÌ?s apreÌ?s l'annonce d'une confeÌ?rence de presse confirmant que la Princesse Masako est enceinte de son premier enfant. Les actions des producteurs de poussettes, de lait pour nouveau-neÌ? et de biberons ont fortement grimpeÌ?. Certains espeÌ?rent que cette nouvelle deÌ?clenchera un baby-boom dans un pays 'en mal d'enfants' ouÌ? le taux de nataliteÌ? ne cesse de s'effondrer.
+Le Japon traverse depuis plusieurs anneÌ?es une crise aiguÌ?e de la nataliteÌ?. Le nombre moyen d'enfants par femme est tombeÌ? sous le seuil critique de deux pour la premieÌ?re fois en 1975 et n'a cesseÌ? depuis de deÌ?cliner, jusqu'aÌ? 1,34 en 1999.
+Orval ou le 'pain liquide'
+BientoÌ?t le lancement d'une console de jeux DVD
+Yves Rocher a deÌ?buteÌ? dans son grenier
+Le lait fait sa promo
+Jacques, du chocolat au museÌ?e
+Renseignements: 087/59.29.67
+TOKYO Airbus Industrie a ouvert une filiale au Japon dont le double objectif est de mieux lutter contre son principal concurrent ameÌ?ricain Boeing et pour assurer la promotion du superjumbo A380 sur le marcheÌ? nippon. La creÌ?ation d'Airbus Japon souligne ainsi la deÌ?termination de l'avionneur europeÌ?en aÌ? renforcer sa preÌ?sence sur un marcheÌ? cleÌ? domineÌ? par le geÌ?ant ameÌ?ricain de Seattle. Alors qu'Airbus a prouveÌ? au cours des dernieÌ?res anneÌ?es qu'il eÌ?tait devenu un acteur majeur en deÌ?tenant preÌ?s de la moitieÌ? des commandes d'appareils commerciaux sur le marcheÌ? mondial, la firme baseÌ?e aÌ? Toulouse ne controÌ?le qu'environ 18% du marcheÌ? japonais. En dehors de l'archipel nippon, Airbus deÌ?tient environ 55% des nouvelles commandes.
+ Pour son dixieÌ?me anniversaire, Tom & Co va ouvrir son centieÌ?me magasin aÌ? la fin de l'anneÌ?e 2001. L'enseigne fait partie du groupe Delhaize Le lion et est exclusivement deÌ?dieÌ?e aux animaux. Elle a connu une croissance extreÌ?mement rapide. C'est en mai 1991, que le premier magasin ouvrait ses portes aÌ? Jette. En Belgique, le marcheÌ? des produits pour animaux domestiques a atteint quelque 16 milliards de FB (74% pour la nourriture et 26% pour les accessoires). Tom & Co, avec 2,3 milliards de FB de chiffre d'affaires, capitalise 14,5% de ce marcheÌ?. Il faut dire que l'animal de compagnie est devenu un 'membre' aÌ? part entieÌ?re de la famille avec des besoins preÌ?cis aÌ? satisfaire. Selon une eÌ?tude CIM reÌ?aliseÌ?e en 1997, aÌ? la demande de Tom & Co, 77,7% de la population belge posseÌ?dent un animal domestique. Quelque 30% des Belges ont choisi un chien, 27% un chat et 20% un autre animal de compagnie.
+ Certaines marques aiment se lier avec un eÌ?veÌ?nement sportif ou culturel. Le but avoueÌ? est de graver le nom de la marque dans les esprits. Par exemple: Jupiler rime avec football belge; Audi s'est associeÌ? au jazz; Axion (comptes jeunes de Dexia) vise clairement les concerts pop/rock. Spa, quant aÌ? lui, aime les 20 Km de Bruxelles qui auront lieu le dimanche 27 mai 2001. L'eau des Fagnes est associeÌ?e aÌ? l'eÌ?veÌ?nement depuis 1986. En tant qu'eau officielle, elle distribuera 168.000 bouteilles de Spa Reine tout le long du parcours. Mais pour marquer le coup, une eÌ?quipe de 200 personnes composeÌ?e de personnel travaillant pour Spadel (ou de proches) participeront aÌ? cette course aux couleurs de... Spa Of course. Et pour bien le faire savoir, l'entreprise lance une campagne d'affichage jusqu'au 28 mai. Au total, ce sont 3.600 affiches ayant pour theÌ?me les 20 km qui seront placardeÌ?es dans tout le pays.
+NEW YORK Selon une eÌ?tude de la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine Statistical Research Inc., les pop-ups -ces petites feneÌ?tres qui apparaissent de manieÌ?re intempestive quand on consulte un site Internet- ont le don d'eÌ?nerver les surfeurs. NeÌ?anmoins, ces fameux pop-ups garantissent une meilleure 'visibiliteÌ?' aux socieÌ?teÌ?s qui ont recours aÌ? ce systeÌ?me pour se faire connaiÌ?tre des internautes. 62% des personnes interrogeÌ?es par Statistical Research Inc. consideÌ?rent en effet que ces petites feneÌ?tres geÌ?nent la lecture d'une page web. Par contre, 33% seulement deÌ?clarent eÌ?tre perturbeÌ?s par les banieÌ?res publicitaires sur Internet. Pourtant, par rapport aux banieÌ?res, les pop-ups ont 50% de chances suppleÌ?mentaires d'eÌ?tre vus et peut-eÌ?tre lus avec attention par les internautes. Il s'agit donc d'un proceÌ?deÌ? publicitaire inteÌ?ressant, mais aÌ? utiliser aÌ? bon escient.
+EVIAN Les vertus de l'eau d'Evian ont eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?couvertes en 1789, par le marquis de Lessert qui s'eÌ?tait reÌ?fugieÌ? dans cette ville du nord des Alpes, alors sous domination italienne, pour eÌ?chapper aÌ? la ReÌ?volution française. Lors d'une promenade, il but l'eau qui coulait dans le jardin d'un homme deÌ?nommeÌ? M. Cachat. Il la jugea "agreÌ?able et leÌ?geÌ?re", en consomma plusieurs jours de suite et... constata que sa santeÌ? s'eÌ?tait ameÌ?lioreÌ?e. La reÌ?putation de la 'source Cachat' ne tardera pas aÌ? eÌ?tre connue et les amateurs afflueront treÌ?s rapidement aÌ? Evian. M. Cachat tirera parti de cette deÌ?couverte en vendant l'eau de son jardin, qui sera commercialiseÌ?e dans des cruches de terre aÌ? partir de 1830. Un peu plus tard, en 1859, la socieÌ?teÌ? anonyme des eaux mineÌ?rales de Cachat se constitue et, en 1926, la source est deÌ?clareÌ?e d'inteÌ?reÌ?t public. ControÌ?leÌ?e aÌ? 100% par BSN depuis 1971, la socieÌ?teÌ? a reÌ?ussi aÌ? adapter ses mess
ages publicitaires aÌ? l'eÌ?volution des consommateurs. Ainsi, apreÌ?s avoir vanteÌ? les attraits des cures thermales aÌ? Evian, elle mettra, dans l'entre-deux guerres, davantage l'accent sur l'eau elle-meÌ?me. Dans les anneÌ?es cinquante, des nourrissons attendrissants seront ses meilleurs agents publicitaires. A cette eÌ?poque, Evian s'imposera en effet comme l'"eau du biberon".
+WAVRE Anciennement Walibi, le plus ceÌ?leÌ?bre parc d'attractions de Belgique se nomme deÌ?sormais Six Flags Belgium. Ce nom un peu reÌ?barbatif pour nos oreilles est l'oeuvre d'un geÌ?ant du peÌ?trole ameÌ?ricain, le Texan Angus Wynne. S'inspirant des meÌ?thodes Disney, il ouvre en 1961 aÌ? Arlington un parc qui est structureÌ? autour des six theÌ?mes diffeÌ?rents. En fait, ces six parties se reÌ?feÌ?rent aÌ? une tranche diffeÌ?rente de l'histoire du Texas. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parc est nommeÌ? Six Flags pour rappeler les six drapeaux diffeÌ?rents qui flotteÌ?rent sur le Texas. Il faut dire que cet Etat a une histoire mouvementeÌ?e: au deÌ?but espagnol, puis indeÌ?pendant avec le Mexique, ensuite compleÌ?tement indeÌ?pendant, par la suite sudiste, puis ameÌ?ricain... Ouf! Quoiqu'il en soit, le parc remporte un grand succeÌ?s et, avec de nouvelles implantations, le groupe se mue en geÌ?ant du loisir. A tel point qu'il racheÌ?te, preÌ?s de 40 ans plus tard, notre
kangourou national. Aujourd'hui, le groupe est aux commandes de 39 parcs aÌ? theÌ?me all over the world et accueille, chaque anneÌ?e, quelque 50 millions de visiteurs.
+HEVERLEE Docpharma, une socieÌ?teÌ? pharmaceutique belge active dans la vente de produits geÌ?neÌ?riques sur le marcheÌ? pharmaceutique belge, lance une vaste campagne d'information sur les meÌ?dicaments geÌ?neÌ?riques. Dans le courant de la semaine, pas moins de 19.350 affiches et 550.000 deÌ?pliants d'information seront envoyeÌ?s aÌ? quelque 10.000 meÌ?decins et 5.300 pharmaciens. Ceux-ci seront inviteÌ?s aÌ? placer l'affiche dans leur salle d'attente ou officine ainsi qu'aÌ? mettre les brochures aÌ? la disposition de leurs patients. Suite aÌ? une deÌ?cision gouvernementale, le systeÌ?me de remboursement des meÌ?dicaments sera modifieÌ?. En effet, aÌ? partir du 1er juin prochain, la seÌ?curiteÌ? sociale remboursera moins les meÌ?dicaments classiques pour lesquels il existe une alternative sous forme geÌ?neÌ?rique. "Ce n'est donc pas le pharmacien qui augmentera ses prix, mais bien le remboursement des meÌ?dicaments classiques qui va diminuer", dit-on du coÌ?teÌ? de Docphar
ma.
+Il eÌ?tait une fois aÌ? Croix, dans le Nord de la France, un carrefour: les routes menaient aÌ? Lille, aÌ? Tourcoing et aÌ? Roubaix. C'est laÌ? que s'eÌ?tait implanteÌ? un cafeÌ? tenu par le grand-peÌ?re, le peÌ?re et le fils Suys. Le nom flamand de ces derniers n'eÌ?taient pas au gouÌ?t des poseurs de rails du tramway qui eurent vite fait de le franciser. Ainsi, les trois Suys devinrent les trois Suisses. Et le cafeÌ? donna son nom au carrefour. En 1932, lorsque Xavier Toulemonde deÌ?cide d'installer une filature, il lui donne le nom du lieu-dit. Une belle aventure commence puisque Monsieur Toulemonde a l'ideÌ?e de vendre aux femmes qui aiment tricoter toutes sortes de laines. En 1949, le premier catalogue paraiÌ?t. Le succeÌ?s est au rendez-vous et, quelques anneÌ?es plus tard, Les Trois Suisses proposent le meÌ?me assortiment qu'un grand magasin. Le groupe a aujourd'hui une dimension internationale. D'Angola aÌ? Taiwan en passant par le Qatar, Les Trois Suisses continuent
leur voyage.
+ Le constructeur automobile allemand Volkswagen a eÌ?teÌ? condamneÌ?, hier, par la Commission europeÌ?enne aÌ? une amende de 30,96 millions d'euros pour avoir restreint la liberteÌ? de fixation des prix sur le marcheÌ? allemand. VW a enfreint les reÌ?gles communautaires de la concurrence en refusant, en 1996 et 1997, aÌ? ses concessionnaires allemands d'accorder des remises sur son nouveau modeÌ?le Passat, a estimeÌ? la Commission. Les soupçons des services de la Commission avaient eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?tayeÌ?s par trois lettres de l'ancien directeur des ventes et de la distribution. Dans ces courriers, il demandait aux diffeÌ?rents concessionnaires de ne pas accorder de ristournes sur les nouvelles Passat et ceux-ci devaient informer le groupe si l'un de leurs confreÌ?res effectuait des remises aux clients.
+NEW YORK L'eÌ?diteur de logiciels SAP et le constructeur informatique Hewlett-Packard ont deÌ?cideÌ? de conclure un partenariat dont l'objectif est de deÌ?velopper des applications 'B2B' (business to business) destineÌ?es aÌ? la gestion des approvisionnements. Selon Nigel Ball, de la firme Hewlett-Packard, le marcheÌ? des logiciels de gestion des approvisionnements posseÌ?de un fort potentiel de deÌ?veloppement. En effet, on estime qu'il pourrait progresser de 25% aÌ? 35% dans les cinq prochaines anneÌ?es. Cette alliance s'appuiera d'une part sur les eÌ?quipements du constructeur informatique et d'autre par sur les logiciels de gestion des inventaires et des plannings d'approvisionnement de SAP. Hewlett-Packard et SAP vont, dans un premier temps, proposer leurs services dans ce domaine aÌ? leur clienteÌ?le commune.
+NEW YORK La sonoriteÌ? du nom Kleenex eÌ?voque le verbe to clean: 'nettoyer' en anglais. Ceci montre que, dans l'esprit de ses concepteurs, le Kleenex n'eÌ?tait pas destineÌ? aÌ? se moucher.... mais aÌ? se deÌ?maquiller. D'ailleurs, en 1924, les premieÌ?res publiciteÌ?s pour le Kleenex Tissue preÌ?sentaient clairement ce produit comme une serviette que les eÌ?leÌ?gantes utilisent pour oÌ?ter leur maquillage.
+Il fallut par contre attendre jusqu'aux anneÌ?es 60 pour que le Kleenex gagne le coeur des EuropeÌ?ens et, en particulier, des Français. En effet, ce n'est qu'aÌ? partir de cette eÌ?poque que le mouchoir jetable commença aÌ? rivaliser avec le bon vieux 'carreÌ?' en tissu.
+WASHINGTON Le geÌ?ant aeÌ?ronautique Boeing a remporteÌ? un contrat du Pentagone eÌ?valueÌ? aÌ? 4 milliards de dollars. Il preÌ?voit de reÌ?nover le cockpit et le systeÌ?me eÌ?lectronique des avions de transport militaire Hercule C-130. La firme de Seattle, qui implantera en septembre aÌ? Chicago son nouveau sieÌ?ge social, damme ainsi le pion aÌ? son rival Lockheed Martin, qui deÌ?veloppe les C-130 depuis les anneÌ?es 50. Environ 1.400 de ces appareils sont en service actuellement, la moitieÌ? de cette flotte eÌ?tant exploiteÌ?e par l'US Air Force. Boeing devrait s'occuper de la reÌ?novation d'environ 500 d'entre eux.
+Trivial Pursuit poursuit sa course
+LoftStory bat le foot en pub
+Condamnation record pour Philip Morris
+Panzani, les paÌ?tes vraiment françaises
+Carrefour, de la bonneterie aÌ? la mondialisation VoilaÌ? bientoÌ?t cinquante ans qu'a commenceÌ? l'histoire de Carrefour. NeÌ?e de l'association entre le proprieÌ?taire d'une bonneterie et un grossiste en alimentation et vin, la socieÌ?teÌ? a vu le jour aÌ? Annecy en 1959. A l'eÌ?poque, c'eÌ?tait le premier supermarcheÌ? de la ville, "au deÌ?but, je voulais l'appeller Agora, mais j'ai eu peur que les gens pensent que nous vendions des chats" soulignait alors l'un des creÌ?ateurs. Quelques anneÌ?es plus tard, l'entreprise prospeÌ?re et ouvre deux nouveaux supermarcheÌ?s. L'anneÌ?e 1963 marque la creÌ?ation par Carrefour du premier hypermarcheÌ? au monde. Il se situe en banlieue parisienne, s'eÌ?tend sur 2.500 meÌ?tres carreÌ?s et offre aÌ? ses clients 400 places de parking. DeÌ?s lors, le concept se reÌ?veÌ?le prometteur et Carrefour ne va cesser de developper son pouvoir de distribution, en France comme aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. En 1972, le premier magasin s'ouvre en Italie, puis e
n Espagne en 1973, au BreÌ?sil en 1975, en Argentine en 1982 et aÌ? TaiÌ?wan en 1989. La course folle de la socieÌ?teÌ? est toujours en marche puisque depuis sa fusion en 1999 avec PromodeÌ?s, le groupe carrefour a pris du terrain en Belgique en devenant proprieÌ?taire de GB. Aujourd'hui Carrefour est le leader de la distribution en Europe, et deuxieÌ?me au niveau mondial.
+PARIS DeÌ?sormais, le Parc AsteÌ?rix situeÌ? aÌ? proximiteÌ? de Paris propose aux internautes, friands du gaulois le plus ceÌ?leÌ?bre de la BD, de commander leurs billets ou d'organiser leur seÌ?jour pour une vireÌ?e dans le parc d'attractions, par Internet. Avec plus de 5000 connexions par jour enregistreÌ?es sur son site, le Parc AsteÌ?rix offre un nouveau service d'achat en ligne. Le site propose toutes les solutions, et en deÌ?tail: tous les tarifs y sont. L'internaute selectionne en quelques clics sa date de visite, veÌ?rifie la disponibiliteÌ? des chambres, reÌ?serve et paye en ligne par Carte Bancaire, Visa ou Mastercard. Avec le E-ticket, le visiteur peut venir aussi bien 10 minutes, 2 jours ou 3 mois apreÌ?s sa commande. Les tickets ainsi acheteÌ?s sont au choix, livreÌ?s sous 4 jours par Chronopost ou deÌ?livreÌ?s aÌ? l'entreÌ?e du Parc au guichet speÌ?cialement deÌ?dieÌ?.
+ Drivers Guide Magazine est une revue trimestrielle dont le premier numeÌ?ro vient d'eÌ?tre lanceÌ?. Disponible au prix de 99 FB dans toutes les librairies de Bruxelles, de Wallonie et de la coÌ?te belge, la magazine est eÌ?galement distribueÌ? dans les grandes surfaces, notamment aux caisses du Delhaize et ce, jusqu'au samedi 16 juin. Au menu de ce magazine que ses promoteurs veulent pratique et tout public (automobilistes deÌ?butants et chevronneÌ?s, amateurs et utilitaristes), des sujets divers, eÌ?conomiques ou sociaux, politiques ou estheÌ?tiques, reportages, enqueÌ?tes et interviews qui mettent l'automobile aÌ? l'honneur.
+Lorsqu'il prit en main la socieÌ?teÌ? de fabrication de coupe-viande et de balances, Computing Tabulating Recording Co, en 1914, Thomas J. Watson ne se doutait pas qu'il allait creÌ?er un empire. En effet, Watson comprend vite que les cartes perforeÌ?es et les tabulateurs produits par son entreprise sont voueÌ?s aÌ? un bel avenir. Il deÌ?cide alors d'exploiter ce creÌ?neau en deÌ?veloppant toutes sortes de machines de bureaux. En 1924, l'entrepreneur d'Amtwork, dans l'Etat de New York, deÌ?cide d'appeler sa socieÌ?teÌ? International Business Machines Corporation. Onze ans plus tard, il deÌ?croche un eÌ?norme contrat avec le gouvernement feÌ?deÌ?ral qui confie aÌ? IBM la gestion des fiches des 26 millions de salarieÌ?s pouvant beÌ?neÌ?ficier de la nouvelle seÌ?curiteÌ? sociale. Depuis lors, IBM tentera de perfectionner son systeÌ?me de gestion et de comptabiliteÌ?, en profitant surtout des nouvelles technologies. Aujourd'hui, IBM est la deuxieÌ?me marque la plus notoire au mo
nde.
+Les internautes eÌ?vitent de donner des informations priveÌ?es
+Ricard aÌ? l'heure de l'apeÌ?ro A l'approche de l'eÌ?teÌ?, quoi de plus naturel que de raconter l'histoire de Ricard, 'le vrai pastis de Marseille'? Un peu de culture geÌ?neÌ?rale pour commencer. 'Pastis' est un mot d'argot marseillais qui a pour origine le terme italien 'pasticcio' signifiant 'situation embrouilleÌ?e', comparable aÌ? la couleur trouble de l'association de la boisson aÌ? l'eau. Dans les anneÌ?es trente, le marseillais Paul Ricard eÌ?tait un petit repreÌ?sentant aupreÌ?s des cafetiers, et occupait ses dimanches aÌ? meÌ?langer, faire maceÌ?rer et distiller fenouil, anis, reÌ?glisse et herbes de provençe. Il creÌ?a ainsi en 1932 son apeÌ?ritif aniseÌ?, qui a aujourd'hui fait le tour du monde. Au total, plus de deux milliards de bouteilles auraient eÌ?teÌ? vendues depuis sa creÌ?ation. Le groupe Pernod-Ricard, creÌ?eÌ? en 1974, a entretemps fait l'acquisition de nombreuses marques de boissons, alcooliseÌ?es ou non, comme 'Havana Club', 'Soho' ou 'Pampril' ains
i qu'Orangina, qui vient cependant d'eÌ?tre revendue aÌ? l'anglais Scheweppes. Tiens, c'est bientoÌ?t l'heure de l'apeÌ?ro, non?
+Stva.com est un treÌ?s bon site qui est consacreÌ? aÌ? l'histoire de nombreuses marques automobiles. Parmi celles-ci, rappelez-vous des mythiques Simca, une voiture dernieÌ?rement immortaliseÌ?e par une chanson frivole. Quoi qu'il en soit, c'est en 1934 qu'Henri TheÌ?odore Pigozzi fonde la SocieÌ?teÌ? Industrielle de MeÌ?canique et de Carrosserie Automobile (Simca). Se mariant avec une fille de Fiat, il racheÌ?te une usine deÌ?saffecteÌ?e aÌ? Nanterre et y construit sous licence des modeÌ?les Fiat. En 1936, la firme française commence la production de la Simca 5 (une reÌ?plique de la Fiat Topolino). C'est le deÌ?but d'un grand succeÌ?s. Dans les anneÌ?es 50, la marque connaiÌ?t son apogeÌ?e et vend 1,5 million de Simca Aronde (hirondelle). En 1958, Simca racheÌ?te Talbot, le ceÌ?leÌ?bre constructeur de voitures de prestige. Le constructeur passe, en 1959, sous le controÌ?le de Chrysler. Simca aura une hirondelle comme logo jusqu'en 1966, date aÌ? laquelle elle est remplace
Ì?e par le Pentastar Chrysler (eÌ?toile aÌ? cinq branches). Il se dit que Pigozzi avait creÌ?eÌ? l'hirondelle comme embleÌ?me parce qu'il aimait faire savoir que ses voitures avaient un appeÌ?tit d'oiseau. En 1978, Peugeot racheÌ?te les filiales europeÌ?ennes de Chrysler et les renomme Talbot. L'histoire de Simca s'arreÌ?te laÌ?. Et en 1986, la marque Talbot, elle aussi, treÌ?passe.
+VERVIERS La FeÌ?prabel, Union professionnelle des courtiers en assurance et des intermeÌ?diaires financiers, vient de lancer une opeÌ?ration visant aÌ? inciter les jeunes conducteurs aÌ? suivre des cours de maiÌ?trise automobile. Trois des principales compagnies belges d'assurance (Axa, AG et AGF) ont d'ailleurs accepteÌ? de mener une reÌ?flexion de fond au terme de l'expeÌ?rience. ConcreÌ?tement, l'action consiste pour les membres de la FeÌ?prabel aÌ? offrir une journeÌ?e compleÌ?te de maiÌ?trise automobile, aÌ? Francorchamps, au prix de 2.000 FB au lieu de 7.750 FB, la diffeÌ?rence de couÌ?t eÌ?tant supporteÌ?e par les courtiers en assurances.
+TRANSPORTS/
+VERVIERS 13/06 (BELGA)
+Le but de l'opeÌ?ration est d'obtenir des statistiques portant sur trois anneÌ?es et ainsi observer si le suivi de tels cours permet une reÌ?elle reÌ?duction des accidents chez les jeunes conducteurs.
+Trois des principales compagnies belges d'assurance (Axa, AG et AGF) ont d'ailleurs accepteÌ? de mener une reÌ?flexion de fond au terme de l'expeÌ?rience.
+Dans un premier temps, l'action ne concerne que les courtiers de la province de LieÌ?ge mais devrait eÌ?tre rapidement eÌ?tendue aÌ? l'ensemble de la Wallonie.
+Uncle Ben's, un nom qui colle au produit Le ceÌ?leÌ?bre oncle, dont le portrait est preÌ?sent sur chaque paquet de riz Uncle Ben's a bel et bien existeÌ?. C'eÌ?tait un fermier texan reÌ?puteÌ? pour sa production de riz de treÌ?s bonne qualiteÌ?. Dans la reÌ?gion de Houston, il se disait d'ailleurs d'un riz de grande qualiteÌ? qu''il est aussi bon que celui d'Oncle Ben'. Un si bon riz, vous trouverez normal qu'il soit si connu aujourd'hui! Pourtant l'oncle Ben s'est eÌ?teint aÌ? la fin des anneÌ?es trente et le riz que vous trouvez aujourd'hui dans votre supermarcheÌ? n'a plus rien aÌ? voir avec le cultivateur. En effet, E.G.Huzenlaub, un chercheur anglais et L.Harwell, un courtier texan, deux producteurs en queÌ?te d'un nom pour leur entreprise nouvellement creÌ?eÌ?e, reprirent ce nom en 1939. Ces derniers qui avaient le sens du marketing deÌ?cideÌ?rent de tirer profit de l'image du vieil oncle pour leur production de riz enrichi. Ils voulurent apposer son portrait sur les p
aquets, mais l'homme ne s'eÌ?tait jamais fait photographier de son vivant. Ils firent alors appel aÌ? un certain Franck Brown, un ami maiÌ?tre d'hotel, dont la teÌ?te collait, ou plutoÌ?t correspondait avec le produit. C'est donc lui qui sourit depuis plus de cinquante ans sur toutes les boiÌ?tes de ce riz orange qui ne colle jamais.
+AMSTERDAM Internet est un monde sans pitieÌ?. ApreÌ?s les navigateurs, ce sont aux moteurs de recherche de se livrer une guerre acharneÌ?e. D'apreÌ?s WebSideStory's StatMarket, MSN s'impose comme second moteur de recherche aux EÌ?tats-Unis et troisieÌ?me au niveau mondial. PreÌ?s de 13% de l'ensemble des missions de recherche sont en effet lanceÌ?es via MSN, alors qu'en janvier 1999, cette part n'eÌ?tait que de 1,1%. Toutefois, Yahoo reste le moteur le plus appreÌ?cieÌ? au monde, pour 41 pour cent des utilisateurs. Google prend la seconde place avec 14%, suivi par MSN puis AOL avec 5%. La 'Bataille des moteurs de recherche' pourrait eÌ?tre un remake de la guerre des navigateurs, affirme StatMarket. A cet eÌ?gard, il faut preÌ?ciser que Netscape a deÌ?cideÌ? d'arreÌ?ter tout deÌ?veloppement futur de son navigateur pour se consacrer au contenu. Quelles conversions pourront opeÌ?rer les moteurs de recherche 'perdants'? Nul ne peut deÌ?jaÌ? le preÌ?ciser.
+HOUSTON Vous reÌ?vez de partir dans l'espace? BientoÌ?t, ce sera -en partie- possible, graÌ?ce aÌ? une socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine. Encounter 2001, c'est son nom, propose d'expeÌ?dier des eÌ?chantillons de votre ADN (un cheveu deÌ?shydrateÌ?, par exemple), ainsi que vos messages et photographies numeÌ?riseÌ?es. Le projet a pour objectif de permettre aÌ? 4,5 millions de personnes de participer. Pour cela, la socieÌ?teÌ? a preÌ?vu la construction d'un petit vaisseau sans pilote, eÌ?quipeÌ? d'une voile solaire de la taille d'un terrain de football qui sera mis en orbite par Ariane 5. Lorsque l'on pense que le milliardaire Dennis Tito a payeÌ? sa semaine dans l'espace 20 millions de dollars, les 50 dollars que demande Encounter semblent plutoÌ?t bon marcheÌ?. 67.000 personnes ont deÌ?jaÌ? acheteÌ? leur billet, parmi eux l'eÌ?crivain Arthur C.Clarke, l'auteur de '2001, l'OdyseÌ?e de l'Espace'. La date de lancement est preÌ?vue en 2003, mais vous pouvez deÌ?jaÌ? reserver votre 'place
' sur internet.
+Communiquer avec les marques
+Pepsi-Cola, d'abord une boisson pour la digestion
+Face aÌ? ce succeÌ?s, Caleb D. Bradham deÌ?cida de deÌ?poser la marque Pepsi-Cola en 1902 et lança sa socieÌ?teÌ? deux dans plus tard. A l'eÌ?poque, la marque Coca-Cola existait deÌ?jaÌ? depuis une vingtaine d'anneÌ?es.
+pepsigifts.com/pcccinfo.html
+LONDRES D'apreÌ?s une eÌ?tude reÌ?aliseÌ?e par l'institut JupiterMMXI, le marcheÌ? europeÌ?en de la pub en ligne s'est eÌ?leveÌ? aÌ? 967 millions d'euros en 2000 (un huitieÌ?me du marcheÌ? mondial). Toutefois, les annonceurs conservent un certain scepticisme aÌ? l'eÌ?gard de ce nouveau meÌ?dia. Selon JupiterMMXI, "plus de la moitieÌ? des annonceurs traditionnels europeÌ?ens estiment que le Web n'est pas encore aÌ? la hauteur de leurs attentes". 74% d'entre eux jugent que les services proposeÌ?s par les sites Internet sont moins performants que ceux fournis par les autres supports publicitaires. Cette meÌ?fiance serait due aÌ? la "jeunesse du support Internet", tout en sachant que les sites doivent encore faire la preuve de leurs "capaciteÌ?s de ciblage et de creÌ?ation".
+Les voyagistes belges gardent leur nom
+Wilkinson, aÌ? la pointe de l'eÌ?peÌ?e
+Perfecto, le blouson des rockeurs
+AOM-Air LiberteÌ? remboursera des billets
+La direction cite les dessertes de NoumeÌ?a, Nassau, Saint-Martin, Punta-Cana, Montpellier, Marseille, Bordeaux, Carcassonne, Cherbourg, et entre Nantes et Metz. "Ceci s'appliquera eÌ?galement aux suppressions de dessertes preÌ?vues, telles que Nantes-Toulouse ce lundi et Orly-Cayenne le 9 septembre", ajoute le communiqueÌ?.
+Par ailleurs, "les billets acheteÌ?s aupreÌ?s des agences de voyages sont eÌ?galement remboursables, mais il convient de contacter l'agence eÌ?mettrice pour connaiÌ?tre les modaliteÌ?s de remboursement".
+PlaceÌ? en redressement judiciaire le 19 juin dernier, AOM-Air LiberteÌ? est contrainte de reÌ?duire la freÌ?quence de ses vols pour tenter de survivre, le temps de trouver un repreneur ou de l'argent frais. Faute de solution d'ici la premieÌ?re semaine de juillet, une liquidation judiciaire pourrait intervenir aÌ? treÌ?s court terme. AP
+Ca plane pour Ryanair
+100 milliards d'aspirines annuelles
+Louer les jeux videÌ?o sur Internet
+Guerlain, du vinaigre au parfum
+La maison Guerlain, qui deviendra rapidement une institution incontournable dans son domaine, lancera aussi, en 1889, le premier parfum composeÌ? aÌ? l'aide des deÌ?couvertes de la chimie de syntheÌ?se: 'Jicky'. Plusieurs autres parfums de Guerlain, qui fait deÌ?sormais partie du groupe LVMH, sont eÌ?galement entreÌ?s dans la leÌ?gende du luxe et de la beauteÌ?: 'Heure Bleue', mis sur le marcheÌ? en 1912, 'Mitsuko' (1919), 'Shalimar' (1925), 'Habit rouge' (1965), 'Chamade' (1969) ou encore 'Samsara' (1989).
+PARIS Le groupe français Vivendi Universal a deÌ?cideÌ? de faire une entreÌ?e en force dans le secteur des services culturels sur Internet, en lançant le portail Divento.com. Investissement preÌ?vu sur trois ans: 15 millions d'euros. Divento recense les sorties culturelles existant dans cinq pays europeÌ?ens: la France, la Belgique, l'Espagne, le Royaume-Uni et l'Allemagne. On y trouve aussi des critiques et des preÌ?sentations de concerts, des renseignements sur divers lieux de spectacles, des interviews, des extraits de repreÌ?sentations, des reportages... Selon le PDG de Vivendi Universal Jean-Marie Messier, Divento a pour vocation d'offrir "un service complet, depuis le choix du spectacle jusqu'au diÌ?ner qui le suit". En tout eÌ?clectisme, puisque le choix de sorties va de la musique (opeÌ?ra, rock, techno...) jusqu'au theÌ?aÌ?tre, aÌ? la danse et aux expositions.
+Ferrari, le cheval est descendu de l'avion
+
+BRUGES
+Objectifs de vente ambitieux
+Les petites bulles 'Pommery'
+Larousse seÌ?me depuis 150 ans
+Le Petit Larousse 2002 est sorti. C'est en 1852 que la 'Librairie Larousse et Boyer' se creÌ?ait. Quatre ans plus tard, Pierre Larousse publiait son 'Nouveau Dictionnaire de la langue française'. Le premier Larousse eÌ?tait deÌ?jaÌ? constitueÌ? des deux parties 'Langue' et 'Noms propres' seÌ?pareÌ?es par des pages roses. Le premier Petit Larousse illustreÌ? sorti des presses le 29 juillet 1905. Il eÌ?tait orneÌ? de la 'semeuse' creÌ?eÌ?e en 1890 par EugeÌ?ne Grasset et comportait la devise de Emile Reiber: 'Je seÌ?me aÌ? tout vent'. La couverture du Petit Larousse 2002 eÌ?voque cette jeune femme, se profilant derrieÌ?re la semeuse d'aujourd'hui. Comme chaque anneÌ?e, le dictionnaire s'est enrichi de mots et de façons de dire deÌ?jaÌ? consacreÌ?s par l'usage. Il accueille eÌ?galement les hommes et les femmes qui, par leur roÌ?le politique ou leur talent, ont acquis une large notorieÌ?teÌ?.
+Au niveau des noms propres, on remarquera l'entreÌ?e de Georges W. Bush, Sean Connery, Harrison Ford, Jean-Jacques Goldman, Vojislav Kostunica, Amin Maalouf, Pierre Mertens, Michael Schumacher, Ariel Sharon ou encore Zinedine Zidane.
+ Le fabriquant de ketchup Heinz propose, pour ce mois de septembre uniquement, une variante deÌ?clineÌ?e en verdaÌ?tre de son ketchup. Pour l'essentiel, il s'agit d'une pureÌ?e de tomate rouge qui a eÌ?teÌ? coloreÌ?e. Le groupe agroalimentaire ameÌ?ricain justifie cette fantaisie par l'attirance des plus jeunes pour cette couleur. L'ideÌ?e saugrenue ne pouvait que nous venir d'outre-Atlantique. LaÌ?, la petite bouteille verte nommeÌ?e 'Green!' a casseÌ? la baraque. Sept mois apreÌ?s son lancement, quelque dix millions de bouteilles ont eÌ?teÌ? vendues. A tel point que Heinz a duÌ? produire ce produit 24 heures sur 24. Quant au gouÌ?t, un des journalistes de Metro l'a testeÌ? pour vous. Ce qui a fait dire au teÌ?meÌ?raire gastronome : "ça a le meÌ?me gouÌ?t, mais la couleur n'est pas ragouÌ?tante". A vous de tester.
+LONDRES Quelques jours apreÌ?s un sondage qui affirmait que deux businessmen britanniques sur trois voteraient contre l'euro s'il y avait un referendum, 715 hommes d'affaires ont signeÌ? une publiciteÌ? qui s'oppose aÌ? l'adheÌ?sion de la Grande-Bretagne aÌ? la monnaie unique. Sur une pleine page dans l'eÌ?dition de lundi du Times, un montage photographique montre Gordon Brown, le ministre des Finances, menotteÌ?. Une leÌ?gende lui fait dire: "si nous rejoignons l'euro, nous perdons le controÌ?le de notre eÌ?conomie." La reÌ?sistance semble s'organiser autour de Big Ben. On ne touche pas impuneÌ?ment aÌ? la sacro-sainte livre sterling.
+Le titre le vaut bien
+La famille AIBO s'aggrandit
+Waterman neÌ? d'une rature
+Le meilleur vin rouge du monde serait australien
+Alken-Maes aime les rousses
+Le retour de la Karmann
+La Karmann Ghia, l'une des voitures les plus rechercheÌ?es par les collectionneurs, a eÌ?teÌ? produite aÌ? 400.000 exemplaires entre 1955 et 1974, modeÌ?les coupeÌ? et cabriolet. Elle eÌ?tait neÌ?e de la volonteÌ? de Volkswagen d'offrir une voiture plus eÌ?leÌ?gante aÌ? ses clients devenus plus exigeants, les difficulteÌ?s eÌ?conomiques neÌ?es de la Seconde Guerre mondiale s'eÌ?tant eÌ?loigneÌ?es. Les preÌ?visions qui tablaient sur la production d'environ 300 aÌ? 400 voitures par mois furent vite deÌ?passeÌ?es: apreÌ?s la preÌ?sentation publique du coupeÌ? (14 juin 1955), la demande fut si forte que la production atteint jusqu'aÌ? 50 exemplaires par jour. En 1958 apparaissait le cabriolet 2+2 places.
+SPRINGFIELD D'ici la fin du mois, la compagnie Kellogg lancera, aux EÌ?tats-Unis, deux nouvelles varieÌ?teÌ?s de ceÌ?reÌ?ales dont une aÌ? l'effigie d'Homer Simpson et l'autre aÌ? celle de Bart. Les ceÌ?reÌ?ales auront une saveur de cannelle et porteront le nom de Homer's Cinnamon Donut Cereal. L'autre varieÌ?teÌ?, deÌ?dieÌ?e aÌ? Bart, portera le nom de Bart Simpson Peanut Chocolate Crunch. On ne connaiÌ?t pas encore les plans de Kellogg pour la distribution de ses ceÌ?reÌ?ales en Europe.
+PARIS Les eÌ?ditions Dictionnaires Le Robert viennent de lancer la nouvelle version du CD-Rom du Petit Robert de la langue française. "Ce disque souhaite exploiter les richesses virtuelles d'un texte, stimuler le plaisir de la recherche, concilier jeu et travail, ce que sait faire l'informatique", preÌ?cisait Alain Rey, conseiller eÌ?ditorial de la maison d'eÌ?dition. Le contenu a entieÌ?rement eÌ?teÌ? remis aÌ? jour et inteÌ?gre la toute dernieÌ?re eÌ?dition du Petit Robert, sans oublier toute une seÌ?rie de nouveauteÌ?s (12.000 prononciations enregistreÌ?es, 150.000 liens hypertextes sur les renvois,...). Il comprend aussi un index des expressions, des locutions et des proverbes. Le groupe commercialisera 15.000 disques d'ici NoeÌ?l au prix unitaire de 80 euros.
+L'AmeÌ?ricain MichaeÌ?l Winburn, creÌ?ateur du 'BeÌ?beÌ? Cadum', racheÌ?te en 1908 aÌ? l'apothicaire Louis Nathan la formule de la pommade Cadum, aÌ? base de l'huile de cade, un geneÌ?vrier du midi. Winburn, magnat de la publiciteÌ?, se retire alors en France. Pour assurer la commercialisation de son savon parfumeÌ? de toilette Cadum, il axe toute la publiciteÌ? sur la deÌ?mocratisation de l'hygieÌ?ne par l'usage du savon individuel, qui est encore, aÌ? l'eÌ?poque, consideÌ?reÌ? comme un produit de luxe. Le peintre ArseÌ?ne-Marie Le Feuvre, aÌ? qui est confieÌ? la reÌ?alisation des reÌ?clames, peint le ceÌ?leÌ?bre beÌ?beÌ? d'apreÌ?s une photo de son fils prise aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de deux ans. Nombreux furent ceux qui preÌ?tendirent eÌ?tre le 'vrai beÌ?beÌ? Cadum', comme Charles MichaeÌ?lis, le premier directeur commercial de la firme, ou Patrick Ducan, le fils de la danseuse Isadora Ducan. Le visage du beÌ?beÌ? joufflu est afficheÌ? sur tous les murs de Paris jusque dans les anneÌ?e
s 1950, eÌ?poque de la fusion de Cadum, Colgate et Palmolive (qui devient Colgate-Palmolive en 1962). 'BeÌ?beÌ? Cadum' reste graveÌ? dans toutes les meÌ?moires, meÌ?me s'il a progressivement laisseÌ? sa place aÌ? l'effigie de jeunes mamans.
+LONDRES
+Vers 11h, l'euro s'eÌ?changeait aÌ? 0,9043 dollar contre 0,9140 dollar vers 8h et 0,9146 dollar mardi soir (23h) aÌ? New York. Le dollar se neÌ?gociait aÌ? 119,59 yens contre 118,84 yens plus toÌ?t, et 119,17 yens mardi.
+Selon lui, il est toutefois possible que l'euro se soit replieÌ? apreÌ?s les commentaires de Wim Duisenberg, preÌ?sident de la BCE et apreÌ?s l'annonce d'une injection de liquiditeÌ?s. L'opeÌ?ration d'injection de liquiditeÌ?s meneÌ?e hier par l'EurosysteÌ?me est destineÌ?e "aÌ? apaiser les tensions sur le marcheÌ?", a deÌ?clareÌ? le preÌ?sident de la Banque centrale europeÌ?enne Wim Duisenberg.
+La Banque du Japon (BoJ) a eÌ?galement deÌ?cideÌ? hier d'insuffler de grandes quantiteÌ?s de liquiditeÌ?s sur les marcheÌ?s financiers locaux dans le but d'eÌ?viter une crise financieÌ?re et pour eÌ?viter une vague de panique apreÌ?s les attentats.
+Le Franc Suisse est la devise qui s'en tire le mieux, retrouvant son roÌ?le traditionnel de valeur refuge.
+Un treÌ?s bon site* retrace l'histoire de la marque Vespa. Un des fleurons de l'Italie. L'ideÌ?e de ce qui allait devenir la Vespa prend forme au deÌ?but de 1945. C'est l'anneÌ?e ouÌ? Enrico Piaggio, voyant venir des temps plus prospeÌ?res apreÌ?s la guerre, deÌ?cide de reconvertir son entreprise aeÌ?ronautique. Il invente alors un moyen de transport adapteÌ? et bon marcheÌ? qui servirait aÌ? tous les deÌ?placements. Un premier prototype de scooter Piaggio, deÌ?nommeÌ? Paperino (le nom italien de Donald) est creÌ?eÌ?. Vient ensuite un engin compleÌ?tement redessineÌ?: c'est la Vespa qui signifie, en français, la gueÌ?pe. La production commence alors sur un rythme proche des chaiÌ?nes automobiles. Les Italiens accrochent. Un nouveau moyen de transport, mythique, vient de naiÌ?tre. La Botte succombe alors totalement aux charmes des deux-roues. Avant de conqueÌ?rir le monde.
+Dans le sillage de la Ford-T
+Pendant ses moments des loisirs, Henry Ford fabrique un moteur et reÌ?ussit, de fil en aiguille, aÌ? assembler une premieÌ?re voiture aÌ? l'allure encore treÌ?s rudimentaire. Nous sommes alors en juin 1896.
+PrivileÌ?giant les aspects techniques par rapport aux strateÌ?gies commerciales, la socieÌ?teÌ? ne tardera pas aÌ? eÌ?tre devanceÌ?e par la concurrence. ApreÌ?s une peÌ?riode de turbulence dans le anneÌ?es 40, Henry Ford II, le petit-fils de l'illustre fondateur de la compagnie, reprendra les choses en mains... avec la reÌ?ussite que l'on connait.
+SYDNEY D'apreÌ?s une enqueÌ?te du bureau d'eÌ?tudes australien Red Sheriff, plusieurs eÌ?leÌ?ments contribuent au fait que les publiciteÌ?s sur le net restent dans la meÌ?moire des Internautes. Il s'agit notamment de l'emplacement de la publiciteÌ? en ligne, de son animation et de ses possibiliteÌ?s d'interactiviteÌ?. Si la marque dont il est question dispose deÌ?jaÌ? d'une certaine notorieÌ?teÌ?, cela renforce le souvenir que conserve l'internaute de la pub en ligne. L'eÌ?tude australienne reÌ?veÌ?le aussi qu'Internet peut renforcer l'impact d'un message publicitaire teÌ?leÌ?viseÌ?. En effet, plus de la moitieÌ? des internautes australiens se rendent sur un site apreÌ?s avoir vu une publiciteÌ? aÌ? la TV aÌ? propos de ce meÌ?me site.
+ La socieÌ?teÌ? de distribution TNT Express -leader sur le marcheÌ? des livraisons express porte-aÌ?-porte- a lanceÌ? un service mondial de livraison mobile conçu speÌ?cifiquement pour eÌ?tre utiliseÌ? sur un Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). ConcreÌ?tement, aÌ? l'aide de leur agenda eÌ?lectronique, les clients de TNT pourront s'assurer du suivi des expeÌ?ditions, controÌ?ler le prix d'une livraison, et eÌ?galement demander le ramassage des colis. TNT expeÌ?die chaque semaine 3,7 millions de colis, de documents et de fret lourd, qui transitent par 840 deÌ?poÌ?ts, desservis par 19.000 veÌ?hicules et 61 avions. TNT offre ses services dans plus de 200 pays.
+Frisbee est une marque qui a eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?poseÌ?e en 1957 aux USA par la Wham-O Manufacturing Corp. Pourtant, l'histoire de cet objet de loisir a commenceÌ? il y a plus d'un sieÌ?cle. C'est William Frisbee qui tenait un commerce dans le Connecticut qui l'a, involontairement, inventeÌ?. Sa petite entreprise se nommait 'Frisbee Pie Company'. Il fabriquait des tartes qui eÌ?taient livreÌ?es dans des moules ronds en meÌ?tal. Les eÌ?tudiants de l'UniversiteÌ? de Yale ont alors eu l'ideÌ?e de lancer le couvercle avec un mouvement ferme du poignet. Pour preÌ?venir des mauvais coups, les students criaient "frisbee". Ce n'est qu'apreÌ?s la seconde guerre mondiale que la compagnie Wham-O eut l'ideÌ?e de relancer le jeu, tout en profitant de la mode des soucoupes volantes. Le Frisbee eÌ?tait alors baptiseÌ? 'Pluto Platter', en hommage aÌ? la planeÌ?te Pluton deÌ?couverte en 1930.
+MOUSCRON La socieÌ?teÌ? mouscronnoise Wollux a lanceÌ? une chaiÌ?ne de production de 100.000 drapeaux ameÌ?ricains suppleÌ?mentaires. C'est le plus gros rush qu'a connu cette socieÌ?teÌ? depuis sa creÌ?ation. L'entreprise, qui est la seule socieÌ?teÌ? belge de fabrication de drapeaux et de bannieÌ?res, emploie 105 personnes. En moyenne, cette socieÌ?teÌ? produit 20.000 m2 de drapeaux par jour, toutes nationaliteÌ?s confondues. "Avec les reÌ?cents eÌ?veÌ?nements, notre production de drapeaux ameÌ?ricains a deÌ?cupleÌ?", explique Marc Varrasse, attacheÌ? de direction aÌ? Mouscron. "Aux Etats-Unis, suite au mouvement nationaliste et patriotique que l'on connaiÌ?t, tous les stocks existants ont eÌ?teÌ? videÌ?s. Nous avons donc lanceÌ? une chaiÌ?ne de production de 100.000 drapeaux, dont 10.000 sont destineÌ?s aÌ? la Belgique".
+S'il eÌ?tait neÌ? en Occident, l'inventeur de l'arme la plus vendue au monde serait multi-milliardaire. Mais MikhaiÌ?l Kalachnikov a deÌ?veloppeÌ? ses armes pour l'ex-URSS et n'y a surtout retireÌ? comme profit que la reconnaissance de son pays et de nombreuses deÌ?corations. Comme le Colt ou la Winchester au 19e sieÌ?cle, la Kalachnikov aura eÌ?teÌ? l'arme de son sieÌ?cle. En creÌ?ant le premier AK en 1947, MikhaiÌ?l Kalachnikov misait sur un concept de fusil d'assaut treÌ?s simple et eÌ?conomique. Le fusil d'assaut n'a depuis cesseÌ? d'eÌ?tre deÌ?veloppeÌ? et de connaiÌ?tre un succeÌ?s universel. Jamais, dans l'histoire de l'humaniteÌ?, une arme n'a connu une telle ceÌ?leÌ?briteÌ?, une telle longeÌ?viteÌ? et une telle diffusion. On estime que la Kalachnikov a eÌ?teÌ? produite aÌ? plus de 60 millions d'exemplaires, voire 100 millions, si on tient compte des diffeÌ?rentes versions, variantes et copies de fabrication eÌ?trangeÌ?re. D'apreÌ?s de nombreux experts, le systeÌ?me
d'arme kalachnikov tel qu'on le connaiÌ?t aujourd'hui restera en service au moins jusqu'en 2020. Et cela dans plusieurs forces armeÌ?es reÌ?gulieÌ?res, pour ne pas parler des mouvements de gueÌ?rilla ou dits de "libeÌ?ration", des groupes terroristes ou des gangs de la criminaliteÌ? organiseÌ?e.
+Le 'Caddie' vient du golf
+Les brasseurs changent de nom
+Dalton City: pour faire fortune dans l'Ouest sauvage
+Tagada, tagada, voilaÌ? les Dalton... et les autres heÌ?ros de la leÌ?gende de l'Ouest sauvage. SacreÌ? 'Toy Award' des nouveaux jeux belges 2000, Dalton City combine l'atmospheÌ?re envouÌ?tante du Far West aÌ? un jeu ouÌ? la strateÌ?gie et le sens des affaires sont partie prenante. Le principe? Les joueurs se glissent dans la peau de Buffalo Bill, de Bob Dalton, de Jesse James, de Billy The Kid ou de Calamity Jane. Leur objectif: faire fortune dans les villes poussieÌ?reuses et torrides telles que Desperados City, Desert City... et Dalton City, la ville de toutes les terreurs.
+Conçu par Denis Ralet qui a notamment lanceÌ? le magazine Media Marketing, Dalton City est de la veine de ces jeux passionnants qui tiennent constamment les joueurs en haleine. Riche en coups de theÌ?aÌ?tre, il alterne les moments de tension et les fous rires. Les reÌ?gles du jeu sont aÌ? la fois simples -elles tiennent sur une page- et aÌ? la fois diaboliques: elles nous entraiÌ?nent dans une veÌ?ritable saga!
+Dalton City, aÌ? partir de 7 ans, 2 aÌ? 8 joueurs. Quadrilingue. Prix: 1350 FB
+
+Les principaux axes de la litteÌ?rature y seront abordeÌ?s. Dans la rubrique 'litteÌ?raire', vous trouverez des textes (romans, reÌ?cits, nouvelles...) d'auteurs contemporains belges, français ou eÌ?trangers. Les deux premieÌ?res publications en septembre 2001 seront ainsi 'Jardin public' de la Belge Nicole Malinconi et 'Les Ours n'ont pas de probleÌ?me de parking' de Nicolas Ancion, l'un de nos auteurs aÌ? succeÌ?s.
+Enfin, la collection Duo permettra aÌ? des auteurs contemporains de choisir et preÌ?senter des textes meÌ?connus issus du passeÌ?. A cela s'ajouteront des collections d'essai "grand public", Panorama et Petit Panorama, qui vous livreront des syntheÌ?ses et des vulgarisations de sujets divers. A citer, 'Front de libeÌ?ration de l'oreille et autres consideÌ?rations' de Julos Beaucarne.
+Pour son ouverture, Le Grand Miroir offre 10 ouvrages de Nicolas Ancion, 'Les Ours n'ont pas de probleÌ?mes de parking', aux lecteurs de Metro. Pour cela, il suffit d'envoyer vos coordonneÌ?es aÌ? promo<\@>freemetro.be
+NEW YORK Microsoft, numeÌ?ro un mondial des logiciels, a choisi New York pour le lancement de son nouveau systeÌ?me d'exploitation Windows XP le 25 octobre. Il entend ainsi montrer son soutien aÌ? la ville sinistreÌ?e par les attentats du 11 septembre. Bill Gates, preÌ?sident du conseil d'administration de Microsoft et architecte en chef des logiciels, devrait se rendre sur place. Les systeÌ?mes d'exploitation de Microsoft eÌ?quipent plus de 90% des ordinateurs personnels dans le monde. Windows XP constitue le systeÌ?me d'exploitation le plus ambitieux de l'eÌ?diteur de logiciels depuis le lancement de Windows 95. La sortie de Windows XP sera entoureÌ?e d'une campagne de promotion d'un milliard de dollars, encore plus importante que celle qui avait accompagneÌ? la naissance de Windows 95.
+La chauve-souris, ceÌ?leÌ?bre logo preÌ?sent sur toutes les bouteilles de Bacardi, eÌ?voque l'histoire du rhum cubain et celle de son inventeur. Au milieu du sieÌ?cle passeÌ?, Facundo Bacardi quitte l'Espagne pour s'installer aÌ? Santiago de Cuba. En 1862, il racheÌ?te une petite distillerie ouÌ? il eÌ?labora une meÌ?thode unique de distillation et de vieillissement. Celle-ci permet d'obtenir un alcool fin et sec aÌ? partir des produits de la canne aÌ? sucre. Le 'Bacardi' est neÌ?... Don Bacardi entrevoit l'importance d'un signe de reconnaissance qui permettra aÌ? la majoriteÌ? de la population, analphabeÌ?te aÌ? l'eÌ?poque, d'identifier sa boisson. Il consideÌ?re la chauve-souris preÌ?sente dans le hangar destineÌ? aÌ? stocker ses fuÌ?ts comme un signe du destin. Il l'adopte alors comme embleÌ?me. Porte-bonheur dans la tradition latine, la chauve-souris repreÌ?sente aussi l'embleÌ?me de la ville de Valence dont est originaire Facundo Bacardi. Ses descendants fuient Cuba un
an avant l'arriveÌ?e au pouvoir de Fidel Castro. Ils racheÌ?teront Martini en 1992.
+PARIS Panasonic va lancer son premier assistant personnel, baptiseÌ? Toughbook01. Le groupe entend se speÌ?cialiser dans les outils nomades treÌ?s solides. Le PDA proposeÌ? est un 'tout-terrain' aÌ? usage professionnel et peut reÌ?sister aux chocs, aÌ? l'humiditeÌ?, aÌ? la poussieÌ?re et meÌ?me aux eÌ?raflures. Thoughbook01 peÌ?se 500g et comporte un clavier inteÌ?greÌ? et un eÌ?cran tactile aÌ? matrice active 3,5 pouces. Il fonctionne avec un processeur StrongARMSA1110 d'Intel cadenceÌ? aÌ? 206 MHz. L'assistant personnel sera commercialiseÌ? deÌ?s le quatrieÌ?me trimestre 2001 aux Etats-Unis, au prix de 999 dollars (1.085 euros). La date de la commericalisation en Europe n'a pas encore eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?veÌ?leÌ?e.
+Levi Strauss, petit colporteur juif d'origine bavaroise, eÌ?migre aÌ? New York en 1847 avant de tenter sa chance en Californie. C'est l'eÌ?poque de la rueÌ?e vers l'or... Il deÌ?cide de vendre de la toile de tente et de baÌ?che aux chercheurs d'or. Pour eÌ?couler son stock au plus vite, il confectionne dans ces matieÌ?res de robustes pantalons pour les travailleurs de la conqueÌ?te de l'Ouest. La toile dont il dispose est tellement raide qu'il est obligeÌ? de riveter ses pantalons. Ses produits se vendent comme des petits pains. Il deÌ?cide alors de remplacer sa toile de baÌ?che par une toile bleue plus souple, le 'denim' (qui vient 'de NiÌ?mes'). Cette matieÌ?re eÌ?tait en effet fabriqueÌ?e aÌ? NiÌ?mes pour les marins de GeÌ?nes, sous le nom de 'bleu de GeÌ?nes' qui donnera 'blue jeans'. La socieÌ?teÌ? Levi Strauss prospeÌ?re treÌ?s vite. Le '501' naiÌ?t en 1890. Il fait reÌ?feÌ?rence au numeÌ?ro d'un lot de tissu et n'entretient aucun rapport avec les 5 poches du pantalon.
La fin du 19e sieÌ?cle marque l'apotheÌ?ose de la saga du creÌ?ateur: de nombreuses coupes existent deÌ?jaÌ? et font partie de l'univers quotidien de l'Ouest ameÌ?ricain.
+
+Dans ce numeÌ?ro d'octobre, Test-Achats met le doigt sur le couÌ?t d'impression de photos numeÌ?riques de qualiteÌ? qui peut deÌ?passer le couÌ?t d'un deÌ?veloppement classique. En outre, il faut ajouter le couÌ?t de cartes meÌ?moires suppleÌ?mentaires pour ce type d'engin qui souffre aussi d'une autonomie limiteÌ?e. En ce qui concerne la qualiteÌ? de l'image, elle varie en fonction de l'appareil utiliseÌ?.
+Consulter les Pages d'Or via le 1307
+PeÌ?trole Hahn, vous connaissez?
+Une publiciteÌ? d'un nouveau type
+Du MP3 belge et en toute leÌ?galiteÌ?
+La Fermeture Eclair a gardeÌ? toutes ses dents L'expression du langage courant 'fermeture eÌ?clair' est en fait une marque. Et oui, au 19e sieÌ?cle, on parlait de fermeture aÌ? glissieÌ?re. La premieÌ?re a eÌ?teÌ? imagineÌ?e par l'AmeÌ?ricain Elias Howe qui deÌ?posa en 1851 un brevet qui ne fut jamais exploiteÌ?. Vers 1890, Whitcomb Judson, un autre AmeÌ?ricain, imagine un systeÌ?me plus rapide baseÌ? sur le croisement de petites dents. Il deÌ?pose son brevet en 1893 et s'associe aÌ? Lewis Walker avec qui il fonde la Universal Fastener Co. Les deÌ?buts de l'entreprise sont plutoÌ?t douloureux. Il fallut en effet preÌ?s de dix-huit anneÌ?es pour que l'invention donne pleinement satisfaction aux utilisateurs. De nombreuses marques de 'zip' ou de 'zipper' font leur apparition. En France, la fermeture aÌ? glissieÌ?re est d'abord utiliseÌ?e pour les veÌ?tements d'aviateurs et de marins. Elle sera utiliseÌ?e deÌ?s 1924 par la Davey Bickford Smith qui en acquit la licence deux ans
plus tard. S'inspirant du brevet anglais 'Lightening Fastener', la firme deÌ?pose la marque 'Fermeture Eclair' qui est aujourd'hui passeÌ?e dans le langage courant. DeÌ?s la fin des anneÌ?es 1920, le mot 'zipper' est aussi communeÌ?ment accepteÌ?, comme par exemple l'expression ameÌ?ricaine 'XYZ' pour 'Examine your zip' ('Ta braguette est ouverte').
+WASHINGTON Une eÌ?quipe de chercheurs de la socieÌ?teÌ? Motorola vient de deÌ?voiler un prototype de pile aÌ? combustible destineÌ?e aux appareils eÌ?lectroniques nomades. La firme ameÌ?ricaine a preÌ?ciseÌ? que sa solution utilise du gaz meÌ?thane comme carburant. La pile aÌ? combustible occupe aÌ? peu preÌ?s le meÌ?me espace qu'une batterie de teÌ?leÌ?phone mobile. Elle mesure environ 6cm de long, 12cm de large sur un peu plus d'un centimeÌ?tre d'eÌ?paisseur. Loin d'eÌ?tre destineÌ?e aÌ? remplacer la batterie traditionnelle, la pile est plutoÌ?t une "pile de secours". En effet, une pile aÌ? combustible n'est pas rechargeable puisqu'elle produit de l'eÌ?nergie en continu jusqu'aÌ? eÌ?puisement de ses composeÌ?s chimiques.
+PARIS Wanadoo, la filiale Internet de France Telecom, a dresseÌ? le portrait-type de ses abonneÌ?s ADSL. On constate dans cette eÌ?tude que le haut deÌ?bit n'est pas reÌ?serveÌ? aux revenus eÌ?leveÌ?s.
+Volvo, l'eÌ?leÌ?gance sueÌ?doise au nom latin
+La Lufthansa n'est pas inteÌ?resseÌ?e par la Sabena
+La compagnie aeÌ?rienne allemande Lufthansa n'entend pas entrer au capital de compagnies aeÌ?riennes en difficulteÌ? telles Sabena ou Swissair, a deÌ?clareÌ? son patron Juergen Weber dans une interview aÌ? l'hebdomadaire 'Focus' paru hier.
+La premieÌ?re Daf eÌ?tait une jonquille
+NAB002 4 ECO 0651 F 018 EMC
+ots - PremieÌ?re agence de presse europeÌ?enne de relations publiques aÌ?
+ na europe Disponible sur internet: http://www.newsaktuell.be Pour de plus amples renseignements, n'heÌ?sitez pas aÌ? contacter : David Davis TeÌ?l. : +44(0) 20 7963 7890 Email : davis naeurope co uk Site Web : www.naeurope.co.uk Note aux reÌ?dacteurs en chef : L'appellation na europe (en minuscules) est l'orthographe correcte de la nouvelle agence de presse europeÌ?enne de relations publiques. (NAB-OTS sc1925) 080920 Oct 01 NNNN .
+SANTA CLARA C'est une petite reÌ?volution: la firme Intel posseÌ?derait la technologie afin de fabriquer des semiconducteurs des microprocesseurs contenant un milliard de transistors et cadenceÌ?s aÌ? 20 gigahertz. Toutefois, ils ne seront produit que dans six ans. Actuellement, le Pentium 4 contient quelques 42 millions de transistors. Ce dernier posseÌ?de une cadence de 2 gigahertz.
+PARIS De nos jours, le mot 'zodiac' deÌ?signe les bateaux gonflables dont le petit moteur permet de filer aÌ? toute vitesse sur les flots. Pourtant -et on a un peu trop tendance aÌ? l'oublier- il s'agit aussi d'une socieÌ?teÌ?... fondeÌ?e en 1908 par Maurice Mallet. Suite aÌ? une premieÌ?re ascension en ballon gonflable aÌ? la fin du 19eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, celui-ci s'eÌ?tait pris d'une passion pour l'aeÌ?rostation. Il creÌ?e alors plusieurs ateliers de construction aeÌ?ronautiques puis, convaincu que la voie des airs a deÌ?cideÌ?ment de l'avenir, il fonde la 'SocieÌ?teÌ? française des ballons dirigeables' avec quelques amis. Celle-ci sera ensuite deÌ?nommeÌ?e Zodiac S.A..
+Pendant la seconde guerre mondiale, la socieÌ?teÌ? Zodiac se tourna vers la fabrication de canots pneumatiques. Cette marque (deÌ?poseÌ?e en feÌ?vrier 1909) sera en outre populariseÌ?e dans les anneÌ?es 50, lorsqu'Alain Bombard traversa seul l'Atlantique sur un radeau de survie. Au fil du temps, la socieÌ?teÌ? Zodiac a continueÌ? aÌ? eÌ?tendre ses activiteÌ?s qui, de nos jours, vont des rampes d'eÌ?vacuation d'urgence aux embarcations pour les loisirs nautiques, sans oublier les radeaux de survie.
+NEW YORK Le bureau de consultance Forrester Research estime que l'effet 'bouche aÌ? oreille' ne doit pas eÌ?tre neÌ?gligeÌ? lors de l'eÌ?laboration d'une campagne publicitaire en ligne. Selon l'eÌ?tude qu'il a reÌ?aliseÌ?e, des budgets impressionnants sont parfois consacreÌ?s aÌ? l'eÌ?laboration d'un superbe site Web qui ne satisfaira pas forceÌ?ment les clients. Pour creÌ?er un effet 'bouche aÌ? oreilles', qui permet souvent d'attirer de nouveaux clients, Forrester Research suggeÌ?re par exemple de creÌ?er un forum de discussion en ligne. Celui-ci permet en effet d'entraiÌ?ner les clients effectifs ou potentiels dans un dialogue actif aÌ? propros d'un produit ou d'un service preÌ?cis.
+ ParalleÌ?lement au lancement de la formule tarifaire 'Tempo AfterSchool', Mobistar lance un concours destineÌ? aux jeunes et aÌ? leurs amis. Si 'Tempo Afterschool' permet aux jeunes d'appeler leurs potes aÌ? moitieÌ? prix apreÌ?s les heures de cours, pendant le week-end et les vacances scolaires, 'Tempo Friendship' leur permettra d'immortaliser des moments d'amitieÌ?. ApreÌ?s avoir demandeÌ? leur kit Tempo Friendship (appareil photo, film, pile, explications) au 0800/85.601, les participants peuvent envoyer les photos sur l'amitieÌ? avant le 15 novembre 2001. Une des photos prises par chacun des participants sera publieÌ?e sur le site de Mobistar. Un jury seÌ?lectionnera ensuite deux gagnants par cateÌ?gorie d'aÌ?ge (12-15 ans, 15-18 ans, 18 ans et plus). Ces photos seront alors publieÌ?es sous forme de cartes postales ou via un reÌ?seau d'affichage.
+En 1936, aÌ? la foire de Marseille, un pharmacien espagnol, le docteur Trigo, preÌ?sente sa boisson peÌ?tillante et naturelle 'Naranjina' (qui signifie petite orange en espagnol). LeÌ?on Beton, qui tient une entreprise d'huiles essentielles de lavande et de geÌ?ranium preÌ?s d'Alger, racheÌ?te la marque et le concept de cette boisson aÌ? base de jus et de pulpe d'orange. CommercialiseÌ?e en AlgeÌ?rie dans une bouteille ronde et granuleuse comme une peau d'orange, Orangina est gratifieÌ?e en 1953 d'une premieÌ?re creÌ?ation publicitaire. L'affiche montre un parasol formeÌ? d'un zeste d'orange, le tout sur un fond bleu. La boisson renforce encore son identiteÌ? avec une communication teÌ?leÌ?viseÌ?e originale 'Le tic du barman', petit film preÌ?sentant un garçon de cafeÌ? qui secoue violemment sa petite bouteille ronde. Le deÌ?but d'une longue saga... Orangina rejoint le groupe Pernod-Ricard en 1984.
+TOKYO La filiale japonaise d'IBM et le groupe d'horlogerie Citizen Watch, ont annonceÌ? avoir deÌ?veloppeÌ? en commun un ordinateur qui peut eÌ?tre porteÌ? au poignet, aÌ? la manieÌ?re d'une montre. Une montre "est l'objet qui peut eÌ?tre porteÌ? le plus simplement du monde, sans consideÌ?ration de sexe ou d'aÌ?ge, et qui a le potentiel de devenir un outil personnel pour les technologies de l'information", ont expliqueÌ? les deux partenaires. 'WatchPad' peÌ?se 43 grammes et utilise le systeÌ?me d'exploitation informatique Linux. Il dispose d'un eÌ?cran aÌ? cristaux liquides et d'un petit clavier.
+La socieÌ?teÌ? Atari est fondeÌ?e par l'AmeÌ?ricain Nolan Bushnell, le peÌ?re des jeux d'arcade, le 27 juin 1972. Il creÌ?e alors un des premiers jeux videÌ?os: 'Pong'. Rappelez-vous ce jeu de tennis ouÌ? les joueurs sont repreÌ?senteÌ?s par des baÌ?tons. Le premier prototype de 'Pong' est installeÌ? dans un bar californien. Le succeÌ?s est immeÌ?diat. Bushnell a alors l'ideÌ?e de faire entrer les jeux videÌ?os dans les foyers. Ensuite, cette marque peÌ?neÌ?tre le marcheÌ? de la micro-informatique familiale avec les fameux ordinateurs Atari 400 et 800. Les anneÌ?es '80 sont prospeÌ?res. Atari emploie quelque 10.000 personnes, dont un grand nombre dans la Silicon Valley. Toutefois, deÌ?but des anneÌ?es '90, Atari -tout comme Commodore- va subir une concurrence asiatique feÌ?roce. Aujourd'hui, Atari existe encore modestement mais n'a plus sa gloire passeÌ?e.
+Le gouÌ?ter Nutella C'est en 1946 que la paÌ?te aÌ? tartiner fut inventeÌ?e. Au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, en Italie comme dans toute l'Europe, le chocolat est une denreÌ?e rare et couÌ?teuse. C'est aÌ? cette peÌ?riode, que Pietro Ferrero, paÌ?tissier aÌ? Alba (une petite ville du PieÌ?mont) va creÌ?er le produit qui reÌ?volutionnera le petit-deÌ?jeuner et le gouÌ?ter de millions de petits enfants. Sa recette est eÌ?laboreÌ?e aÌ? partir des ingreÌ?dients disponibles dans la reÌ?gion: des noisettes, du lait, du sucre et juste ce qu'il faut de cacao. Il obtient une paÌ?te qu'il façonne 'en pain' enveloppeÌ? dans une feuille de papier d'eÌ?tain. InspireÌ? par un classique de la paÌ?tisserie traditionnelle pieÌ?montaise, ce produit sera alors baptiseÌ? 'Giandujot'. Ce n'est qu'en 1949, que la recette est finaliseÌ?e. Par un eÌ?teÌ? torride, raconte la leÌ?gende, le Giandujot se mit aÌ? fondre comme neige au soleil. Voyant cela, Pietro Ferrero comprit tout de suit
e les grands avantages de cette consistance plus creÌ?meuse. Il adapta la recette pour obtenir la paÌ?te aÌ? tartiner onctueuse que nous connaissons aujourd'hui, et l'appela aÌ? l'eÌ?poque Supercrema. Le nom de Nutella n'apparaiÌ?tra qu'en 1963. C'est la contraction de 'Nut' (noisette en anglais) et du suffixe italien 'Ella'.
+TOKYO Matsushita Electric Industrial Co, le fabricant des produits Panasonic et National, a deÌ?voileÌ? hier sa nouvelle technologie DVD aÌ? deux faces utilisant un laser bleu. Ce DVD permet d'enregistrer 50 gigabytes de donneÌ?es sur chacune de ses faces, soit plus de 10 fois la capaciteÌ? des DVD actuels. Le fabricant d'eÌ?lectronique a utiliseÌ? une lumieÌ?re laser bleue et un mateÌ?riau semi-transparent qui permet d'enregistrer des donneÌ?es sur les deux faces du disque. Le nouveau produit, qui peut contenir preÌ?s de quatre heures de videÌ?o digitale haute-deÌ?finition sur chaque face de son disque, ne va pas encore eÌ?tre commercialiseÌ?. "Ce produit est avant tout un appareil enregistreur pour la teÌ?leÌ?vision numeÌ?rique haute-deÌ?finition, donc nous prendrons nos deÌ?cisions en fonction des progreÌ?s de la teÌ?leÌ?vision terrestre numeÌ?rique", a expliqueÌ? le directeur du centre de deÌ?veloppement des systeÌ?mes de disques optiques de Matsushita. Pour information,
le Japon devrait lancer un systeÌ?me de teÌ?leÌ?vision numeÌ?rique en 2003.
+ L'histoire de LU deÌ?bute il y a plus de 150 ans. En 1846, Jean-Romain LefeÌ?vre et son eÌ?pouse Pauline-Isabelle Utile ouvrent une petite eÌ?choppe provinciale aÌ? Nantes, dont la speÌ?cialiteÌ? attitreÌ?e est le 'biscuit de Reims'. Monsieur est paÌ?tissier, tandis que Madame dirige le magasin. Ensemble, ils fondent la maison LefeÌ?vre-Utile (dont les initiales 'LU' s'inscriront dans le temps) en 1860. Ils obtiennent aÌ? l'exposition de Nantes la meÌ?daille d'or, la plus haute distinction de l'industrie alimentaire. Le fils, Louis, se lance dans la biscuiterie industrielle en 1885 et invente le ceÌ?leÌ?bre 'petit beurre' un an plus tard. Ce petit biscuit carreÌ? deviendra l'embleÌ?me de l'entreprise qui se tisse au fil des ans une renommeÌ?e internationale. Aujourd'hui, Lu, qui appartient au geÌ?ant alimentaire Danone, posseÌ?de une gamme de preÌ?s de 150 produits et fabrique quelque 185.000 tonnes de biscuits par an.
+TOKYO Les geÌ?ants de la construction automobile, Nissan et Renault, vont creÌ?er une socieÌ?teÌ? commune pour coordonner leur strateÌ?gie dans le deÌ?veloppement d'une direction commune. La nouvelle socieÌ?teÌ? serait eÌ?tablie, deÌ?s l'eÌ?teÌ? ou l'automne 2002 aux Pays-Bas, et aurait aÌ? sa teÌ?te le directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de Nissan, le Français Carlos Ghosn, et le PDG du groupe Renault Louis Schweitzer. Nissan va deÌ?penser plus de 100 milliards de yens pour prendre une participation de 15% dans Renault, alors que la participation du constructeur automobile français dans Nissan va certainement passer des 36,8% actuels aÌ? 44,4%. La mission de la nouvelle compagnie sera de planifier les efforts de Nissan et de Renault pour deÌ?velopper la production d'automobiles et de pieÌ?ces deÌ?tacheÌ?es, et pour trouver les meilleurs lieux de production et de vente des veÌ?hicules dans le monde.
+Toujours graÌ?ce aÌ? l'excellent site 'stva.com', inteÌ?ressons-nous aÌ? l'histoire de la marque Skoda. Cette dernieÌ?re naiÌ?t de l'association de Vaclav Laurin, meÌ?canicien, et de Vaclav Klement, reÌ?parateur de bicyclettes en 1894 aÌ? Mlada Boleslav, aÌ? quarante kilomeÌ?tres de Prague. C'est aujourd'hui encore le site de production de l'usine Skoda. L'entreprise deÌ?bute en vendant des bicyclettes, puis des motos. La socieÌ?teÌ? Laurin et Klement lance sa premieÌ?re automobile en 1905. En 1925, elle est inteÌ?greÌ?e au groupe industriel Skoda. La marque change de nom et adopte un logo qui rappelle une coiffe d'Indien. Et ce, en souvenir de voyages aux USA effectueÌ?s par Emil Skoda. Durant la seconde guerre mondiale, l'usine produit du mateÌ?riel militaire. ApreÌ?s la guerre, et avec l'instauration du communisme, l'entreprise est nationaliseÌ?e. Elle produira alors des voitures populaires. En 1991, Volkswagen prend le controÌ?le de Skoda. La marque retrouve un look et p
eut compter sur la technologie Volkswagen pour gagner une aura internationale.
+TOKYO Le geÌ?ant ameÌ?ricain de l'informatique Microsoft et le groupe d'eÌ?lectronique japonais, NEC, ont annonceÌ? une alliance dans les serveurs informatiques, tout comme dans les services Internet au Japon. Selon Bill Gates de Microsoft, "la demande de serveurs fiables de qualiteÌ? va devenir un des marcheÌ?s les plus rentables de l'industrie informatique". Ces deux partenaires vont donc offrir des services d'inteÌ?gration de systeÌ?mes baseÌ?s sur la technologie Windows pour serveurs, mise au point par la socieÌ?teÌ? Microsoft. NEC, quant aÌ? lui, va deÌ?velopper ses services Internet baseÌ?s sur Windows.NET, une autre technologie de Microsoft.
+PARIS De nos jours, qui dit 'Cartier' dit non seulement 'luxe', mais aussi 'contrefaçon'. En effet, les produits du leader mondial de la joaillerie -dont le catalogue comprend aussi parfums, bijoux, sacs et accessoires- sont souvent imiteÌ?s, mais rarement eÌ?galeÌ?s. Ainsi, les ceÌ?leÌ?bres montres Cartier figurent parmi les articles de luxe français les plus copieÌ?s de la planeÌ?te.
+La 'success story' de la maison Cartier est lanceÌ?e. En effet, quelques anneÌ?es plus tard, en 1859, l'impeÌ?ratrice EugeÌ?nie en devient cliente et, en 1888, Cartier creÌ?e ses premieÌ?res montre-bracelets, de veÌ?ritables chefs-d'oeuvre de joaillerie.
+Toujours en vogue, Cartier a feÌ?teÌ? ses 150 ans d'existence en 1997. Et aÌ? cette occasion, une reÌ?trospective 'Cartier 1900-1939" a eÌ?teÌ? preÌ?senteÌ?e au... Metropolitan Museum de New York, ainsi qu'au British Museum de Londres.
+WASHINGTON D'apreÌ?s une eÌ?tude du groupe Forrester Research, les ventes par Internet aux Etats-Unis devraient augmenter de 10% lors des prochaines feÌ?tes de fin d'anneÌ?e (par rapport aÌ? celles de l'an dernier). Elles pourraient atteindre les 11 milliards de dollars, en deÌ?pit des attentats du 11 septembre. Suite aÌ? ces eÌ?veÌ?nements, les AmeÌ?ricains devraient beaucoup moins voyager cette anneÌ?e. ConseÌ?quence: ils seront plus nombreux aÌ? faire leurs courses via Internet. Aux USA, le commerce eÌ?lectronique a d'ailleurs progresseÌ? de 54% en septembre dernier, par rapport au meÌ?me mois de l'anneÌ?e 2000. Il a ainsi atteint le montant record de 4,7 milliards de dollars.
+On trouve la trace de la source Bru deÌ?s le 1er sieÌ?cle. Elle restera cependant inexploiteÌ?e durant 16 sieÌ?cles, moment ouÌ? elle commence aÌ? servir aÌ? la consommation personnelle des habitants de la reÌ?gion et des moines de l'abbaye de Stavelot. Ce sont ces derniers qui, au 17e sieÌ?cle, voyant le deÌ?but de la commercialisation des eaux de Spa, commencent aÌ? exploiter l'eau de Bru, en percevant une taxe sur les eaux vendues. La reÌ?volution française marquera un sieÌ?cle d'arreÌ?t de cette commercialisation. C'est en 1903 que trois Anversois acheÌ?tent une concession de 30 ans sur ces eaux et inaugurent les premieÌ?res installations industrielles. La socieÌ?teÌ? changera plusieurs fois de proprieÌ?taire avant d'aboutir, en 1942, dans les mains de la socieÌ?teÌ? Finance et Industrie. Ces titres seront par la suite ceÌ?deÌ?s aÌ? Spa Monopole en 1944, aÌ? Comidel en 1979 puis au groupe Spadel en 1981. En 1993, une nouvelle convention de concession des eaux de Bru es
t signeÌ?e pour 69 ans avec la commune de Stoumont, proprieÌ?taire des sources. Aujourd'hui, la socieÌ?teÌ? anonyme Bru-Chevron commercialise les marques Bru et Chevron MonasteÌ?re dans une nouvelle usine de 13.900 m³. Elle produit 40 millions de litres par an aÌ? une cadence de 18.000 bouteilles aÌ? l'heure pour un chiffre d'affaires de Â? 13,9 millions. Elle emploie 50 personnes.
+ Sur la Toile, un site est consacreÌ? au chocolat belge, aÌ? son histoire, aÌ? sa fabrication et aÌ? ses vertus. Il est agreÌ?menteÌ? de quelques recettes et est lisible en français, neÌ?erlandais, allemand et anglais. Comme annonceÌ? sur le site, "c'est une histoire de gouÌ?t depuis la feÌ?ve de cacao jusqu'au ballotin de pralines belges". Il renvoie eÌ?galement aÌ? diffeÌ?rents museÌ?es. Enfin, le ceÌ?leÌ?bre Jacques Mercier reÌ?pond aÌ? vos questions qui concernent le chocolat. D'ailleurs, "ses ouvrages qui ont pour sujet le chocolat belge, ont eÌ?teÌ? une source d'inspiration intarissable pour la reÌ?alisation de ce site".
+Jeep, devenue synonyne de 'tout-terrain'
+Un prototype fut mis au point par Karl Pabst, un ingeÌ?nieur de la firme Bantam Car, avant d'eÌ?tre construit pour l'armeÌ?e ameÌ?ricaine par les socieÌ?teÌ?s Ford et Willys-Oveland. La Jeep eÌ?tait neÌ?e. Pour la petite histoire, son nom vient de l'abreÌ?viation de l'expression General Purpose qui, en anglais, se dit G.P. (prononcez 'djii-pii'). A noter que la premieÌ?re Jeep civile, la CJ-2A, est sortie des ateliers en 1945. Elle eÌ?tait alors destineÌ?e aux agriculteurs et aux entrepreneurs, qui pouvaient l'utiliser sur des routes deÌ?fonceÌ?es. Depuis lors, les 'descendantes' de la CJ-2A ont beaucoup eÌ?volueÌ?. Certains '4 x 4' sont meÌ?me devenues de veÌ?ritables veÌ?hicules de luxe et roulent aussi souvent dans les beaux quartiers que dans les chemins forestiers.
+Baisse des ventes de PC en Europe
+Marie Thumas n'est plus
+Les jeunes Français aiment BMW, Sony et Levi's
+Sony reporte le lancement des teÌ?leÌ?phones 3G
+Doc Martens, l'eÌ?ternel classique La marque Doc Martens fait reÌ?feÌ?rence au docteur Klaus Maertens, originaire d'une petite ville allemande de Seeshaupt, preÌ?s de Munich. En 1945, Klaus Maertens deÌ?cide de mettre au point une semelle speÌ?ciale pour sa douleur de pied causeÌ?e par une chute de ski. Ainsi, il deÌ?veloppe une chaussure reÌ?volutionnaire avec une semelle amortie par air pour fournir le confort et le support suppleÌ?mentaires. Un an plus tard, il deÌ?pose un brevet pour la premieÌ?re chaussure thermoformeÌ?e aÌ? la semelle amortie par air. A la fin des anneÌ?es 1950, le produit se vend treÌ?s bien en Allemagne sous le nom de 'Dr.Maertens'. Un industriel anglais de la chaussure, M.Griggs, racheÌ?te le brevet en 1959 et anglicise le nom en 'Doc Martens' Il deÌ?veloppera alors une gamme compleÌ?te de chaussures. Le 1er avril 1960, la premieÌ?re paire de bottes 'Doc Martens', affubleÌ?e de son ceÌ?leÌ?bre point jaune, sort de la chaiÌ?ne de production du villag
e de Northhamptonshire. La botte '1460' (en reÌ?feÌ?rence au 1er avril 1960) est devenue un classique. La marque 'Doc Martens' sera adopteÌ?e comme symbole d'identiteÌ? par les mods, les skinheads, les punks, les grunges ou encore les lyceÌ?ens! Toute une histoire...
+JURUENA Le constructeur automobile français PSA Peugeot CitroeÌ?n et l'Office national français (ONF) des ForeÌ?ts plantent depuis deux ans des arbres en Amazonie, dans le cadre d'un projet pilote de reboisement dont le but est de 'stocker' 2 millions de tonnes de carbone sur cent ans. Le preÌ?sident de PSA Jean-Martin Folz s'est rendu sur place pour la premieÌ?re fois deÌ?but octobre, accompagneÌ? de journalistes, sur la 'fazenda Sao Nicolau', dans le nord-ouest breÌ?silien. L'ONF, partenaire de PSA, a racheteÌ? aÌ? un eÌ?leveur breÌ?silien, en mars 1999, 10.000 hectares de terres (l'eÌ?quivalent de la surface de Paris intra-muros), en pleine zone de deÌ?forestation de la foreÌ?t amazonienne. Deux ans apreÌ?s, de jeunes arbres de 80 centimeÌ?tres de haut poussent sur 2.200 hectares d'anciennes prairies. Dans 100 ans, ils auront 'stockeÌ?' 2 millions de tonnes de carbone, soit l'eÌ?quivalent de 1,3% d'une anneÌ?e d'eÌ?mission de gaz aÌ? effet de serre en France (150 mill
ions de tonnes eÌ?mis en la France en 1990). Les puits de carbone, un des outils les plus contesteÌ?s de la lutte contre le changement climatique, deÌ?signent la capaciteÌ? qu'ont les foreÌ?ts en croissance d'absorber, via la photosyntheÌ?se, davantage de gaz carbonique (CO2) qu'elles n'en rejettent.
+Fin des anneÌ?es '60, les publiciteÌ?s pour Ariel font eÌ?tat des enzymes gloutons. Ces derniers, petites beÌ?tes voraces, devaient tout deÌ?vorer -sauf le linge- sur leur passage. Fini les taches de vin et de chocolat, les enzymes gloutons sont passeÌ?s par laÌ?. Aujourd'hui, cet argument technique a disparu des publiciteÌ?s. Nos amis les gloutons seraient-ils morts? Ariel fait aujourd'hui partie du groupe Procter & Gamble. A l'origine, elle eÌ?tait la proprieÌ?teÌ? de la marque allemande Eau de Cologne 4711.
+ Axe donne la chance aux jeunes remixeurs de voir paraiÌ?tre leurs compositions musicales sur un de ces 'White Label'. Comment proceÌ?der? D'abord surfer sur le site de la marque. Ensuite, choisir un track parmi les samples lounge, house, trance ou techno. Puis, teÌ?leÌ?charger les diffeÌ?rentes parties et composer son propre remix qu'on envoie aÌ? Axe. Jusqu'en janvier, un jury composeÌ? de DJ's renommeÌ?s choisira chaque mois le meilleur remix. Le laureÌ?at gagnera Â? 500 et son remix sera presseÌ? sur un disque vinyl et distribueÌ? par 'News', le ceÌ?leÌ?bre label de dance.
+ROCHESTER La socieÌ?teÌ? Kodak -consideÌ?reÌ?e comme la quatrieÌ?me marque la plus connue de par le monde- a eÌ?teÌ? fondeÌ?e par George Eastmann. A la fin du 19eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, celui-ci avait eu l'intelligence de comprendre que la photographie connaiÌ?trait un deÌ?veloppement consideÌ?rable si 'Monsieur Tout le Monde' pouvait y acceÌ?der. Le premier appareil qu'il mit au point (en 1887) eÌ?tait encore doteÌ? des anciennes plaques photographiques, mais on pouvait l'emporter facilement avec soi et il ne fallait pas effectuer de reÌ?glages compliqueÌ?s. Une fois toutes les vues prises, il suffisait de renvoyer l'appareil aÌ? l'usine Kodak, qui deÌ?veloppait alors les photos. Simple pour l'eÌ?poque, non?
+Le sens de l'authentique sur Internet
+
+WASHINGTON 05/11
+Vector a mis sur le marcheÌ? lundi sa cigarette "Omni", traiteÌ?e selon un proceÌ?deÌ? catalytique speÌ?cial qui permet de reÌ?duire de 15 aÌ? 60% les teneurs en composants carcinogeÌ?nes, dont des hydrocarbures aromatiques polynucleÌ?aires (PAH), des nitrosamines (TSNA), des cateÌ?chols, ainsi que d'autres substances organiques non preÌ?ciseÌ?es.
+"Il est raisonnable de s'attendre aÌ? ce que l'Omni reÌ?duise l'exposition aÌ? un certain nombre de puissants composants toxiques du tabac et reÌ?duise de façon tout aÌ? fait probable les effets nocifs tant pour les fumeurs que pour ceux exposeÌ?s aÌ? la fumeÌ?e de cigarettes", a affirmeÌ? le Dr Tony Albino, vice-preÌ?sident des affaires de santeÌ? publique au sein du groupe.
+Quant aÌ? Brown et Williamson, il a lanceÌ? sa cigarette "Advance Lights" qui repreÌ?sente, selon le directeur de la recherche appliqueÌ?e du groupe, Sharon Boyse, une "perceÌ?e reÌ?volutionnaire dans la technologie de la cigarette".
+Dans un premier temps, Brown et Williamson, troisieÌ?me fabricant ameÌ?ricain de tabac, va tester sa nouvelle cigarette sur le seul marcheÌ? d'Indianapolis (Indiana), avant son lancement national aÌ? une date non preÌ?ciseÌ?e.
+"Vector affirme que les cigarettes Omni posent un risque moindre pour la santeÌ? mais n'offre aucun moyen de veÌ?rification indeÌ?pendant pour soutenir ses assertions", affirme l'ACS dans un communiqueÌ?.
+Ces cigarettes leÌ?geÌ?res "constituent la preuve suppleÌ?mentaire que nous avons besoin d'un controÌ?le de responsabiliteÌ? de l'industrie (...) Sans reÌ?glementation feÌ?deÌ?rale, l'industrie du tabac est libre de tromper le public sur les dangers inheÌ?rents au tabac", conclut l'association.
+WASHINGTON Les fabricants de cigarettes Vector Group et Brown et Williamson ont annonceÌ? le lancement de cigarettes leÌ?geÌ?res aux 'soit-disant' effets canceÌ?rigeÌ?nes reÌ?duits. Toutefois, les organisations anti-tabac estiment que les speÌ?cifications des nouvelles cigarettes sont trompeuses. En deÌ?but de semaine, Vector a mis sur le marcheÌ? sa cigarette 'Omni', traiteÌ?e selon un proceÌ?deÌ? catalytique speÌ?cial qui permet de reÌ?duire de 15 aÌ? 60% les teneurs en composants canceÌ?rigeÌ?nes. Cette cigarette dispose d'un nouveau filtre au carbone qui permettrait de reÌ?duire les composants organiques nocifs de la fumeÌ?e, sans pour autant nuire au gouÌ?t. Brown et Williamson a, quant aÌ? lui, lanceÌ? sa cigarette 'Advance Lights' traiteÌ?e selon un proceÌ?deÌ? speÌ?cial qui reÌ?duit les composants canceÌ?ri
+Les pneus DUNLOP, une histoire de chocs
+Les innovations de CoÌ?te d'Or Le 24 avril 1883, le chocolatier Charles Neuhaus deÌ?pose au Greffe du Tribunal de Commerce de Bruxelles la marque de fabrique CoÌ?te d'Or. Il croit ainsi faire reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? l'ancien nom du Ghana (CoÌ?te de l'Or) mais le confond avec un deÌ?partement français. Qu'aÌ? cela ne tienne, l'aventure commence. Il deÌ?pose aussi la premieÌ?re image du produit en mentionnant que "cette marque repreÌ?sente un marin et un neÌ?gre tenant un drapeau portant l'inscription Chocolat de la CoÌ?te d'Or". Neuhaus ne reste pourtant pas longtemps derrieÌ?re les fourneaux et revend l'affaire six ans plus tard. C'est en 1899 que sa chocolaterie heÌ?berge domicile dans la rue Bara. En 1906, l'eÌ?leÌ?phant et le palmier font leur apparition sur l'emballage. Ils font reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? un timbre ghaneÌ?en apposeÌ? sur les sacs de feÌ?ves. Vers 1930, le chocolatier ajoute des chromos sous l'emballage de ses baÌ?tons. L'entreprise ne cesse d'innover et lance ses Mig
nonettes en 1935 et le 'Double lait' en 1937. ApreÌ?s la guerre, ce sont les 'Chokotoff' (1950), le 'Nougatti' (1955) et le 'Dessert' lors de l'Expo 58. CoÌ?te d'Or inteÌ?gre le groupe Jacobs Suchard en 1987, lequel est repris par Philip Morris. DeÌ?sormais, CoÌ?te d'Or est inteÌ?greÌ? aÌ? la socieÌ?teÌ? Kraft Foods International.
+PARIS De nombreuses marques font appel aÌ? des vedettes de l'eÌ?cran pour promouvoir leurs produits. On connaiÌ?t la saga Whoolite, GeÌ?rard Depardieu et les paÌ?tes Barilla, Cantona et le Lipton Ice Tea, Claudia Schiffer et CitroeÌ?n, MaiÌ?teÌ? avec Bonux ou encore, et moins connu, Cindy Crawford et Moulinex. La belle n'aura malheureusement pas porteÌ? chance au fabricant français. Les videÌ?os, ouÌ? elle vante l'influence de l'eÌ?lectromeÌ?nager d'Outre-QuieÌ?vrain dans sa vie quotidienne, valent leur pesant d'or. Un site Internet, mentionneÌ? ci-dessous, permet de les visualiser.
+ Une nouvelle enseigne de la grande distribution fera petit aÌ? petit son apparition dans les paysages belge et luxembourgeois. En effet, d'ici 2004, les magasins Profi deviendront des magasins Smatch. Actuellement, le budget attribueÌ? aÌ? l'opeÌ?ration attend l'approbation de l'actionnariat. "Il s'agit d'une formule d'eÌ?volution pour les magasins Profi, ancienne proprieÌ?teÌ? du groupe Louis Delhaize et actuellement geÌ?reÌ?s par Match", a deÌ?clareÌ? Alain Purnode, directeur du marketing Match Belgique et Luxembourg. Les nouveaux magasins Smatch, dits de proximiteÌ?, accueilleront ainsi de nombreux nouveaux produits, au rayon frais notamment. Au total, ce sont en effet quelque 5.500 reÌ?feÌ?rences qui seront preÌ?senteÌ?es au client. "C'est eÌ?norme quand on sait que chaque magasin occupe une superficie variant de 400 aÌ? 500 meÌ?tres carreÌ?s. De plus, aÌ? titre comparatif, les magasins Profi offrent actuellement quelque 3.500 reÌ?feÌ?rences", a ajouteÌ? le directeur du
marketing. Actuellement, quelque 130 magasins Profi sont accessibles en Belgique et au Luxembourg. Cependant, aÌ? l'heure actuelle, la direction ne peut toujours pas certifier la transformation de l'entieÌ?reteÌ? des sites en Smatch.
+LAS VEGAS Lors de l'ouverture du salon commercial Comdex aÌ? Las Vegas, le preÌ?sident de Microsoft Bill Gates a preÌ?dit "une deÌ?cennie numeÌ?rique" pleine d'innovations pour ce deÌ?but de 21eÌ?me sieÌ?cle. Selon lui, le nombre d'utilisateurs du courrier eÌ?lectronique devrait quadrupler et le pourcentage d'AmeÌ?ricains posseÌ?dant au moins un ordinateur individuel devrait passer aÌ? 75% d'ici 2010 (contre 50% aÌ? l'heure actuelle). Bill Gates a en outre preÌ?senteÌ? un nouvau produit qui d'apreÌ?s lui "sera reÌ?volutionnaire". Il s'agit d'une tablette PC -une sorte de feuille de papier eÌ?lectronique- sans fil qui devrait arriver sur le marcheÌ? au second semestre 2002.
+ABBINGTON Le marque de jean's Wrangler a eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?poseÌ?e en 1947 par la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine Globe Superior Company. Cette entreprise, creÌ?eÌ?e en 1889 aÌ? Abbington, une ville de l'Illinois, fabriquait aÌ? l'origine des veÌ?tements de travail. Quelques anneÌ?es plus tard, en 1916, elle avait uni sa destineÌ?e avec celle des socieÌ?teÌ?s Blue Bell Overall et Big Ben, et eÌ?tait devenue la principale entreprise de veÌ?tements de travail des USA.
+More n'est plus
+Auchan n'est pas une histoire de champs
+L'opeÌ?ration marketing 'beaujolais nouveau' a deÌ?buteÌ?
+Woolmark, une marque aÌ? l'eÌ?chelle mondiale
+Il existe en fait plusieurs symboles, correspondant aÌ? diverses marques deÌ?poseÌ?es par The Woolmark Company, une organisation internationale chargeÌ?e de la promotion de la laine dans le monde. Une eÌ?tiquette Woolmark indique qu'un veÌ?tement est composeÌ? de 100% de pure laine vierge. Si on n'y trouve que 50 aÌ? 99,9% de laine, il portera la marque Woolmark Blend. Enfin, la marque Wool Blend signifie que le veÌ?tement contient 30 aÌ? 50% de laine.
+MeÌ?fiance envers les pubs sur GSM
+Samsonite, "assez solide pour s'y tenir debout" Il fallait pouvoir s'y tenir debout, en tous cas, c'est ce que disait le slogan aÌ? l'eÌ?poque. Je parle des anneÌ?es 1910-1920 aux Etats-Unis, une eÌ?poque ouÌ? a veÌ?cu le jeune Jesse Schwayder aÌ? Denver dans le Colorado. Et c'est en voyant les chercheurs d'or deÌ?filer dans leurs chariots devant sa boutique que lui est venue l'ideÌ?e de leur vendre des malles et des valises. Mais des solides, en bois de preÌ?feÌ?rence! Ainsi, en 1920, Schwayder lança la marque Samsonite en reÌ?feÌ?rence au heÌ?ros mythique Samson. Et puis comme bien d'autres petits fabricants, il ne reÌ?sista pas au krach de 1929. Seules des plaques mineÌ?ralogiques puis des valises pour automobiles ont pu le sauver du gouffre financier. Astucieux, Schwayder troquera le bois de ses valises contre des matieÌ?res plus leÌ?geÌ?res et une forme trapeÌ?zoiÌ?dale. Puis il utilisera des coques en magneÌ?sium deÌ?s la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale. Des valise
s attachantes, solides et aux couleurs varieÌ?es qui accompagnent aujourd'hui bon nombre de touristes aux quatre coins du monde.
+PARIS Dans le monde impitoyable des affaires, tout se vend et tout s'acheÌ?te. Et pour son dernier voyage ou celui d'un ami, quoi de plus naturel que de s'offrir un beau moyen de transport pour l'au-delaÌ?. Des moyens preÌ?senteÌ?s reÌ?cemment lors du salon professionnel international de l'art funeÌ?raire au Bourget, preÌ?s de Paris. Parmi les bieÌ?res preÌ?senteÌ?es, on notera le cercueil 'euro' (couvert de pieÌ?ces de monnaies), le corbillard monteÌ? sur moto, le cercueil monteÌ? en side-car Harley Davidson, rouge vermillon, avec des chromes resplendissant.
+SYDNEY Une socieÌ?teÌ? australienne vient de lancer un site internet, qui propose des informations boursieÌ?res preÌ?senteÌ?es par des... strip-teaseuses. Sam Ruddock, le responsable du portail, a indiqueÌ? que 15.000 connexions avaient eÌ?teÌ? enregistreÌ?es depuis le lancement du site il y a deux semaines. Il a preÌ?ciseÌ? que ce site, dont l'abonnement mensuel s'eÌ?leÌ?ve aÌ? 10 dollars US, s'adressait en particulier aux agents de change "au sang chaud". "Il n'y a pas de conseils financiers, c'est juste un tour d'horizon des informations boursieÌ?res. Disons qu'on est aÌ? cheval entre la bourse et le porno. Mais c'est plutoÌ?t raisonnable". "Les filles lisent les informations et se deÌ?shabillent en meÌ?me temps", a expliqueÌ? Sam Ruddock.
+LONDRES Depuis le deÌ?but du sieÌ?cle, la marque "La Voix de son maiÌ?tre" est symboliseÌ?e par un petit fox-terrier assis devant un gramophone. La petite histoire raconte que le peintre Francis Barraud avait heÌ?riteÌ?, aÌ? la mort de son freÌ?re, d'un petit fox nommeÌ? Nipper (le 'moÌ?me' en argot londonien). Un jour, il remarqua que son chien s'inteÌ?resait aux sons eÌ?mis par son phonographe. Peut-eÌ?tre espeÌ?rait-il y entendre la voix de son deÌ?funt maiÌ?tre. ToucheÌ? par le spectacle, il prit une photo (ci-contre) puis se mit aÌ? peindre cette sceÌ?ne cocasse. Il intitula alors tout naturellement son tableau "His master voice". En 1899, pour mettre au gouÌ?t du jour son oeuvre, il emprunta aÌ? la Gramophon Company de Londres dirigeÌ?e par William Barry Owen un gramophone plus moderne. Et pour le remercier, il montra le reÌ?sultat aÌ? Owen qui voulut immeÌ?diatement lui acheter tous ses droits pour cent livres. L'impact de Nipper sur le public sera alors tel que la fi
rme fut par la suite deÌ?nommeÌ?e "His Masters's Voice". De nos jours, le tableau troÌ?ne au sieÌ?ge de la comagnie EMI (Electrical and Musical Industry) aÌ? Hayes dans le Middlesex.
+ Le nouveau portable de Nokia, le modeÌ?le 7650, se preÌ?sente comme un outil multimeÌ?dia. Il peut en effet servir de teÌ?leÌ?phone -eÌ?videmment- mais aussi d'ordinateur de poche et meÌ?me d'appareil photo. L'utilisateur peut envoyer des messages inteÌ?grant des images et du son au texte (Multimedia Messaging). Un petit objectif est inseÌ?reÌ? aÌ? l'appareil qui, graÌ?ce aÌ? sa meÌ?moire, peut stocker une douzaine d'images. Sa face avant ne preÌ?sente aucun touche mais bien un grand eÌ?cran de 35 x 41mm. En coulissant la face, l'utilisateur trouvera les touches du portable. Le nouveau modeÌ?le 7650 offre les fonctions de base d'un PDA, telles que le carnet d'adresses ou encore l'agenda.
+A l'eÌ?poque meÌ?dieÌ?vale, chacun se deÌ?lectait du "mouÌ?t ardent", alors preÌ?sent sur toutes les tables. En 1756, la moutarde 'naiÌ?t' aÌ? Dijon. Depuis lors, moutarde et Dijon sont devenues indissociables. La premieÌ?re fabrique est installeÌ?e dans cette meÌ?me ville. Une longue ligneÌ?e de fabricants y fera carrieÌ?re. En 1919, Armand Bizouard, lui-meÌ?me fabricant de moutarde, deÌ?pose la marque Amora au tribunal de commerce de Dijon, mais ne l'utilisera pas, restant fideÌ?le aÌ? son propre nom. En 1931, il ceÌ?de sa socieÌ?teÌ? de moutarde aÌ? Raymond Sachot. Dynamique, cet industriel deÌ?cide de lancer la marque Amora, qui est malheureusement deÌ?jaÌ? deÌ?poseÌ?e aux Etats-Unis par Bloomingdale. Trois ans plus tard, la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine ne renouvelle pas cette deÌ?nomination. Aubaine pour Sachot, qui n'heÌ?site pas et lance la ceÌ?leÌ?bre marque Amora, qui ne quittera plus jamais la table des fins gourmets.
+Quant aÌ? l'embleÌ?me BMW, un cercle diviseÌ? en quatre secteurs, reprenant les couleurs de la BavieÌ?re (blanc et bleu), il fait reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? des heÌ?lices d'avion. Un avion qui a fait fureur lors de la PremieÌ?re Guerre mondiale graÌ?ce aÌ? un certain moteur 'BFW'.
+www2.biam2.org/www/Spe1025.html
+PARIS Si TF1 a remporteÌ? le marcheÌ? du Mondial 2002 en obtenant pour la modique somme de Â? 168 millions l'exclusiviteÌ? des retransmissions dans l'Hexagone, le marcheÌ? boursier ne l'entend pas de cette oreille. Hier, l'action TF1 devait ceÌ?der 2,32% aÌ? Â? 29,84 en deÌ?but d'apreÌ?s-midi aÌ? la Bourse de Paris. Car meÌ?me si cette opeÌ?ration est jugeÌ?e neÌ?cessaire d'un point de vue strateÌ?gique, les investisseurs s'inquieÌ?tent des retombeÌ?es de cette deÌ?pense sur les prix des publiciteÌ?s vendues aux annonceurs. La question de la rentabiliteÌ? de cette opeÌ?ration est donc mise sur le tapis, d'autant que le deÌ?calage horaire entre le CoreÌ?e du Sud, le Japon et la France risque d'influencer l'audience attendue lors de ce type d'eÌ?veÌ?nement.
+Selon la leÌ?gende, le ceÌ?leÌ?bre caramel en barre doit sa forme aÌ? un incident de fabrication. En 1954, le chocolatier Delespau-Havez, qui posseÌ?de une chocolaterie dans la reÌ?gion lilloise, deÌ?cide d'exploiter un surplus de cacao et l'associe au caramel. La machine, mal reÌ?gleÌ?e, produit un bonbon d'une longueur inhabituelle. Celui-ci est appeleÌ? Caram'bar (il perdra son apostrophe en 1977). A l'eÌ?poque, le prix du Carambar eÌ?tait de 5 centimes, somme qui correspondait aÌ? la monnaie rendue sur le pain. Le producteur mise sur un emballage fideÌ?lisateur. Des points D.H. (pour Delespau-Havez) sont imprimeÌ?s sur chaque emballage. Les enfants peuvent collectionner les points et les eÌ?changer contre des cadeaux. Tous les ingreÌ?dients du succeÌ?s sont reÌ?unis. Les enfants adorent ce Carambar qu'ils peuvent tordre, eÌ?tirer ou sucer. En 1969, les blagues se substituent aux points. Un jury recueille et seÌ?lectionne les devinettes envoyeÌ?es par les enfants. Les mei
lleures sont imprimeÌ?es sur les emballages pour le plus grand bonheur de leur auteur. Aujourd'hui, le fameux Carambar est aux mains de Danone.
+Un marketing par e-mail plus efficace
+McChina gagne contre McDonald's
+Timotei, un shampooing neÌ? d'une leÌ?gende
+GIB Group ceÌ?de les magasins Club aÌ? Proxis
+Philips, de l'ampoule au CD
+Kronenbourg, trois sieÌ?cles et demi de passion
+Quand le ketchup s'appelait catsup
+Zara: pas d'harmonisation des prix, politique commerciale muscleÌ?e
+Le leader espagnol de la confection Inditex, dont Zara est le vaisseau amiral avec des magasins dans 30 pays dont la plupart en Europe, entend muscler sa politique commerciale avec le passage aÌ? l'euro le 1er janvier, mais n'a nulle intention d'harmoniser ses prix.
+"Notre passage aÌ? l'euro sera donc beÌ?neÌ?fique pour les clients. A titre d'exemple, un article qui couÌ?terait 5,99 euros apreÌ?s sa stricte conversion de l'ancienne devise nationale sera rabaisseÌ? systeÌ?matiquement aÌ? 5,95 euros", a-t-il expliqueÌ?.
+Mais, selon Miguel Diaz, une eÌ?ventuelle harmonisation des prix des produits dans les diffeÌ?rents pays de l'euro n'est pas aÌ? l'ordre du jour. "Les diffeÌ?rences sociales, les particulariteÌ?s des marcheÌ?s d'un pays aÌ? l'autre ne vont pas changer d'un trait de plume deÌ?s le 1er janvier", ajoute-t-il.
+Inditex, dont le proprieÌ?taire Amancio Ortega est devenu l'homme le plus riche d'Espagne apreÌ?s avoir commenceÌ? sa carrieÌ?re comme employeÌ? dans une boutique de confection, a boucleÌ? la preÌ?paration de ses systeÌ?mes au passage aÌ? l'euro.
+De plus, ils auront eÌ?galement la possibiliteÌ? d'effectuer toutes sortes de consultations par teÌ?leÌ?phone avec une "cellule euro", souligne encore Fernando Aguiar, directeur d'administration et des systeÌ?mes aÌ? Inditex.
+En deÌ?pit des craintes exprimeÌ?es par des commerçants, Inditex ne pense pas qu'il y a aura des probleÌ?mes d'approvisionnement en euros pendant les premieÌ?res semaines de janvier, mois traditionnel de soldes, et de la peÌ?riode de l'Epiphanie geÌ?neÌ?rant des volumes de ventes treÌ?s eÌ?leveÌ?s en Espagne.
+Zara arrondit ses prix aÌ? la baisse
+La Redoute, de l'annonce au catalogue
+Trop de cadmium pour Playstation
+Sony espeÌ?re pouvoir recommencer aÌ? livrer les jeux pour la mi-deÌ?cembre.
+LOS ANGELES Le marcheÌ? des sonneries de teÌ?leÌ?phones portables remporte un veÌ?ritable succeÌ?s aupreÌ?s des jeunes. De plus en plus d'entreprises et meÌ?me d'artistes commencent aÌ? tirer parti des ces jingles adapteÌ?s aux GSM. Ainsi, les groupes de rap ameÌ?ricains Wu Tang Clan et Mobb Deep ont annonceÌ? que certains titres de leurs prochains albums seront proposeÌ?s en sonneries de teÌ?leÌ?phones portables, avant meÌ?me que ces morceaux musicaux ne soient disponibles chez les disquaires. Loud Records, la maison de disques de ces rappeurs, a conclu un accord avec Zingy, une entreprise en ligne qui propose de teÌ?leÌ?charger des sonneries et dessins pour les teÌ?leÌ?phones portables. "La technologie progresse tellement vite de nos jours, le meilleur moyen d'eÌ?tre preÌ?sent est d'investir dans les reÌ?seaux sans fil. Les teÌ?leÌ?phones cellulaires sont tellement utiliseÌ?s qu'une sonnerie est l'un des meilleurs moyens de promouvoir notre musique", a expliqueÌ? le preÌ?s
ident de Loud Records.
+En 1772, Philippe Clicquot-Muiron fonde un neÌ?goce de vins aÌ? Bouzy sous l'enseigne Clicquot. La marque va reveÌ?tir et conserver au fil des ans son caracteÌ?re leÌ?gendaire. C'est la belle-fille de Philippe, Nicole Barbe Ponsardin, qui quatre mois apreÌ?s le deÌ?ceÌ?s de son mari reprend l'affaire et la meÌ?ne d'une main de fer. Elle creÌ?e la socieÌ?teÌ? Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin et devient l'une des premieÌ?res femmes chefs d'entreprise en France. Alors qu'au deÌ?but du 19e sieÌ?cle l'Europe est aÌ? feu et aÌ? sang, la veuve parvient aÌ? expeÌ?dier ses vins -on ne parlait pas encore de champagne aÌ? l'eÌ?poque- aÌ? travers le monde entier. Elle meurt en 1866, aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 89 ans, et laisse une grande Maison, symbole du savoir-vivre et du bon gouÌ?t français.
+ Le Conseil des ministres des TeÌ?leÌ?communications de l'Union EuropeÌ?enne a trancheÌ? entre opt-in et opt-out dans l'envoi d'e-mails commerciaux. La directive Com2000/385 privileÌ?gie l'opt-in. Ceci veut dire que l'utilisation de l'e-mailing pour envoyer de la publiciteÌ? n'est autoriseÌ?e que si l'abonneÌ? a explicitement donneÌ? son consentement. En clair, le spamming -l'envoi massif de courrier eÌ?lectronique non solliciteÌ?- est simplement interdit, sauf si l'abonneÌ? a clairement donneÌ? son accord. Le Conseil des ministres a neÌ?anmoins fait une concession: "Les entreprises qui auront obtenu directement de leurs clients, aÌ? l'occasion d'un achat, des donneÌ?es neÌ?cessaires aÌ? l'envoi d'un message eÌ?lectronique pourront en faire usage pour leur propre prospection commerciale, sauf opposition de l'abonneÌ?", preÌ?cise le projet de directive. Mais les entreprises devront neÌ?anmoins leur permettre de se deÌ?sabonner en deÌ?cochant la case qui autorise aÌ? lui envoy
er de la pub.
+ En 1932, un chimiste nommeÌ? Spanel deÌ?posa la marque Playtex aux Etats-Unis. Il vendait alors des bonnets de bain en latex, une matieÌ?re qui explique le 'tex' de la marque. De ce bonnet, il s'eÌ?tendit aux gaines amaigrissantes en caoutchouc, puis, apreÌ?s la seconde guerre, il fabriqua la 'Spanette', la fibre eÌ?lastique utiliseÌ?e pour les fameuses gaines "Dix-huit heures" -celles dont on oublie la preÌ?sence du matin au soir. En 1969, Playtex prend un brevet sur le systeÌ?me en croix du soutien-gorge "Cross your heart", qui deviendra en français "Coeur-CroiseÌ?".
+ Les banques ont deÌ?cideÌ? de prolonger l'action tirelire jusqu'au 31 deÌ?cembre 2002 aÌ? cause du faible succeÌ?s remporteÌ? par l'opeÌ?ration, a preÌ?ciseÌ? Jacques Zeegers, de l'association belge des banques. Ainsi, chaque consommateur pourra jusqu'aÌ? la fin de l'anneÌ?e se procurer, dans les organismes banquiers, les 'clips' afin de verser sur leur compte le montant de leurs pieÌ?ces de monnaies belges. Et ce avant l'introduction de l'euro. Par ailleurs, les banques ont conseilleÌ? aÌ? leurs clients de faire le deÌ?poÌ?t des clips apreÌ?s le mois de feÌ?vrier 2002 afin de permettre au personnel des agences de s'occuper prioritairement de l'approvisionnement de l'euro pendant les mois de deÌ?cembre et janvier. L'action tirelire avait eÌ?teÌ? lanceÌ?e le 15 octobre dernier. Elle devait avoir initialement une dureÌ?e d'un mois pour prendre fin le 15 novembre. A l'heure actuelle quelque 100 millions de pieÌ?ces ont deÌ?jaÌ? eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?colteÌ?es alors que les organisateurs
en espeÌ?raient 600 millions.
+PARIS IntrigueÌ? par la longeÌ?viteÌ? des Bulgares et leur fameux yogourt, l'Institut Pasteur se pencha sur les ferments lactiques deÌ?s le deÌ?but du sieÌ?cle. Une ideÌ?e bien vite reprise par un Espagnol, Isaac Caraso qui importera deÌ?s 1919 les ferments lactiques Pasteur pour fabriquer des yaourts pour les enfants souffrant de troubles intestinaux. DeÌ?s 1929, les Danones -du diminutif de Daniel, le fils de Carasso- envahiront la France, distribueÌ?s exclusivement en pharmacie, tout comme l'eau mineÌ?rale. Puis les creÌ?miers prendront la releÌ?ve, vantant les meÌ?rites de ces produits lacteÌ?s vendus dans des pots de greÌ?s deÌ?coreÌ?s. Un succeÌ?s grandissant qui incita Daniel Carrasso aÌ? ouvrir, apreÌ?s l'Espagne et la France, une autre fabrique de yaourts aux Etats-Unis, sous l'appellation 'Dannon'. Et depuis, Danone a continueÌ? son chemin pour envahir de plus en plus nos frigos, passant du pot de greÌ?s au pot de verre, puis aÌ? l'emballage plastique, s'alliant au
passage avec la marque Gervais.
+NEW YORK Selon le bureau d'analyses Jupiter Media Metrix, les ventes de voitures neuves geÌ?neÌ?reÌ?es par le surf sur Internet devraient fortement augmenter aux USA d'ici 2006. D'apreÌ?s Jupiter Media Metrix, elles pourraient passer d'environ 13% du total des ventes ameÌ?ricaines de voitures neuves (chiffre de 2001) aÌ? 32% en 2006. Le bureau d'analyses deÌ?finit comme suit les 'ventes geÌ?neÌ?reÌ?es par Internet': quand un client trouve, sur le Net, les coordonneÌ?es d'un concessionnaire proposant la voiture deÌ?sireÌ?e et s'adresse aÌ? lui pour l'acheter. Pour Jupiter Media Metrix, "Internet devient un eÌ?leÌ?ment totalement inteÌ?greÌ? aÌ? la deÌ?marche du consommateur, en ce sens que cela lui permet de rassembler plus facilement des informations avant son acte d'achat".
+NEUILLY Ne confondez pas la marque 'Bourjois' et le mot 'bourgeois'. MeÌ?me si les sonoriteÌ?s sont similaires, cela n'a strictement rien aÌ? voir. En effet, 'Bourjois' est une marque de parfums creÌ?eÌ?e en 1863. Et, comme le speÌ?cifiait jadis une publiciteÌ?, on l'orthographie "avec un 'j' comme joie". Son fondateur, Alexandre-NapoleÌ?on Bourjois, eÌ?tait au deÌ?part speÌ?cialiseÌ? dans les fards de theÌ?aÌ?tre. NeÌ?anmoins, ses produits de beauteÌ? furent, deÌ?s leur lancement, pleÌ?bisciteÌ?s par les eÌ?leÌ?gantes.
+De nos jours, les parfums Bourjois sont installeÌ?s aÌ? Neuilly, et cette socieÌ?teÌ? exporte ses produits dans plus de cent pays.
+NEW YORK Le 'sourcing', keÌ?seksa? Il s'agit tout simplement d'un proceÌ?deÌ? permettant aux entreprises de se procurer, via Internet, des composants destineÌ?s aux ordinateurs ou aux avions. Jusqu'aÌ? preÌ?sent, les entreprises prenaient contact avec leurs fournisseurs en teÌ?leÌ?phonant ou en envoyant un fax ou un e-mail. ReÌ?sultat: des deÌ?lais parfois bien longs avant la reÌ?ception de leurs commandes.
+Oracle, le deuxieÌ?me eÌ?diteur mondial de logiciels, a deÌ?cideÌ? de faire son entreÌ?e sur ce marcheÌ?. Un marcheÌ? qui, jusqu'ici, eÌ?tait occupeÌ? par des socieÌ?teÌ?s eÌ?ditant des logiciels de 'Business-to-Business'. Le 'sourcing' est en tout cas un domaine en pleine expansion car, apreÌ?s avoir eu recours aÌ? ce proceÌ?deÌ? pour se procurer par exemple des fournitures de bureau, les entreprises l'utilisent deÌ?sormais pour se pourvoir en pieÌ?ces neÌ?cessaire aÌ? la fabrication de leurs produits.
+BERNE La firme Tobler, aÌ? l'origine de la marque Toblerone, a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e aÌ? Berne en 1867. C'est en effet cette anneÌ?e-laÌ? que Jean Tobler ouvre son premier magasin, la 'Confiserie speÌ?ciale', dans une des grandes rues de cette ville suisse. Un peu plus tard, en 1908, le directeur de fabrication de cette socieÌ?teÌ? se rend en voyage en France et en rapporte du nougat de MonteÌ?limar. TheÌ?odore Tobler, le fils de Jean Tobler, eÌ?tudie la possibiliteÌ? d'un meÌ?lange de chocolat au lait, de nougat, d'amandes et de miel. Les chocolats Toblerone, marque deÌ?poseÌ?e depuis 1909, eÌ?taient neÌ?s. Leur nom vient en fait de la combinaison entre le nom 'Tobler' et le mot italien 'torrone', qui signifie 'nougat'. Enfin, il paraiÌ?trait que la forme triangulaire des Toblerone est censeÌ?e eÌ?voquer le sommet d'une montagne. Suisse, bien entendu.
+LONDRES Le groupe ameÌ?ricain General Electric est la socieÌ?teÌ? la plus admireÌ?e dans le monde, et son son ancien PDG Jack Welch arrive en teÌ?te des chefs d'entreprise les plus respecteÌ?s, selon le sondage annuel publieÌ? hier par le quotidien Financial Times. GE est suivi des groupes ameÌ?ricains Microsoft et IBM, du japonais Sony et de l'ameÌ?ricain Coca-Cola, indique ce sondage reÌ?aliseÌ? par le cabinet PriceWaterHouseCoopers entre juin et octobre. La premieÌ?re socieÌ?teÌ? française est L'OreÌ?al, qui arrive en 31e position. Le français Vivendi Universal est aÌ? la 33e place. Parmi les chefs d'entreprise, Jack Welch, qui a pris sa retraite cette anneÌ?e, est suivi de Bill Gates (Microsoft) et Warren Buffet (Berkshire Hathaway). Carlos Ghosn, devenu directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de Nissan aÌ? la suite de la prise de controÌ?le de cette compagnie japonaise par le groupe français Renault, est aÌ? la 20e place.
+On apprend sur le site 'toyota.fr' que c'est en 1937 qu'a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e la Toyota Motor Co. Ltd, filiale de Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. Ce groupe est un des plus grands producteurs au monde de machines de tissage. C'est apreÌ?s la vente des droits sur l'une de ces machines qu'un capital est reÌ?uni. Il sert aÌ? deÌ?velopper les prototypes des premieÌ?res automobiles Toyota. Un premier modeÌ?le compact (ModeÌ?le SA) voit le jour en 1947. Les deÌ?buts sont toutefois difficiles. En 1950, Toyota connaiÌ?t un conflit social important. Une fois aplani, il donne lieu au fameux contrat de confiance qui existe encore aujourd'hui dans les usines du groupe. C'est eÌ?galement dans les anneÌ?es 50 qu'est instaureÌ? le 'Toyota Production System'. Ce dernier est baseÌ? sur les principes du Jidoka, le Just-In-Time et le Kaizen. Il permet de limiter aÌ? l'eÌ?chelle mondiale les inventaires et les erreurs aÌ? tous les niveaux. Par la suite Toyota commencera son internationalisation en 19
59 dans une petite usine au BreÌ?sil. En 1962, Toyota deÌ?barque sur le continent europeÌ?en. C'est la premieÌ?re marque japonaise en Europe. Elle y emploie quelque 45.000 personnes.
+ Le site portail belge de Microsoft (msn.be) et le groupe de distribution Carrefour Belgium ont conclu un accord de partenariat dans le cadre des feÌ?tes de fin d'anneÌ?e. Ce partenariat vise ainsi la construction du 'MSN eShop' en Belgique, ont annonceÌ? hier les deux socieÌ?teÌ?s dans un communiqueÌ?. Ce nouveau site permettra au consommateur de consulter les rubriques culinaires de msn.be, les promotions Carrefour, ainsi que toutes sortes de renseignements relatifs aÌ? l'euro. MSN compte quelque 270 millions de visiteurs par mois. Avec 1.149.384 visiteurs par mois, msn.be est le site Internet le plus visiteÌ? en Belgique. Il est par ailleurs disponible en 18 langues, selon le communiqueÌ?. De son coÌ?teÌ?, le groupe Carrefour est deÌ?jaÌ? preÌ?sent sur le Net depuis 1997.
+ROUBAIX A l'origine du nom angliciseÌ?, on trouve la deÌ?nomination française 'en-cas', pour en cas de pluie. Normal, puisque le K-Way est d'origine française, et plus preÌ?ciseÌ?ment roubaisienne. LeÌ?on-Claude Duhamel, fils d'un industriel textile de Roubaix, est en effet l'inventeur de ce veÌ?tement de pluie qui se saucissonne dans une poche, une fois l'orage passeÌ?. Une ideÌ?e qui lui est venue assis aÌ? une terrasse de cafeÌ? en voyant trottiner sous les gouttes des passants empeÌ?treÌ?s dans leurs lourds habits. DeÌ?s son lancement au deÌ?but des anneÌ?es septante, le succeÌ?s de K-Way est immeÌ?diat. Plus encore, cet anorak plus pratique qu'estheÌ?tique fera figure de mode. ImpermeÌ?able aÌ? la pluie, il l'eÌ?tait aussi aÌ? la transpiration: ce veÌ?tement astucieux faisait eÌ?galement office de bouillotte. Un inconveÌ?nient effaceÌ? aujourd'hui avec son nouveau tissu microporeux 'anti-sauna' qui lui a redonneÌ? peau neuve. De nouvelle matieÌ?res et de nouvelles f
ormes ont permis aÌ? K-Way de maintenir sa preÌ?sence sur le marcheÌ?. En particulier dans le domaine des veÌ?tements de sport auquel il toujours eÌ?teÌ? associeÌ?. K-Way est doreÌ?navant Italien.
+NEW YORK D'apreÌ?s un sondage reÌ?aliseÌ? par la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine Price Waterhouse Coopers aupreÌ?s de 914 dirigeants provenant de 65 pays, General Electric apparaiÌ?t comme l'entreprise la plus respecteÌ?e du monde. Elle garde ainsi cette premieÌ?re place qu'elle occupe depuis plusieurs anneÌ?es. Viennent ensuite, dans l'ordre, Microsoft, IBM (qui fait un saut de deux places par rapport aÌ? l'an passeÌ?), Sony et Coca-Cola. La premieÌ?re socieÌ?teÌ? europeÌ?enne de ce classement est 7e: il s'agit de la finlandaise Nokia. A la 16e place, on retrouve l'Allemande DaimlerChrysler, puis viennent la Suisse NestleÌ? (17e) et l'Allemande BMW (24e). Quant aÌ? la Française L'Oreal, elle arrive au 31e rang.
+PARIS Au deÌ?but, les cigarettes françaises ne portaient pas de nom mais plutoÌ?t un numeÌ?ro. Il n'eÌ?tait alors possible de distinguer les tabacs qu'aÌ? partir de leur origine: Maryland, Levant supeÌ?rieur, Caporal ordinaire... DeÌ?s 1876, les Manufactures de tabac de l'Etat proposeÌ?rent 79 sortes de cigarettes aux noms eÌ?vocateurs, dont une bonne partie font reÌ?feÌ?rence aux femmes. On parla alors des EleÌ?gantes, des Hongroises, des Amazones, des Anouchka, des Natacha, des Grenades, des MadrileÌ?nes, etc. C'est dans un esprit hispanisant que furent creÌ?es, en 1910, les Gitanes, anneÌ?e ouÌ? les Hongroises furent transformeÌ?es en Gauloises. L'Espagne y eÌ?tait juste suggeÌ?reÌ?e par un eÌ?ventail, un tambourin et des oranges. Ce n'est qu'en 1943 que la gitane proprement dite fit son entreÌ?e sous le crayon de Molusson, puis de Ponty, en 1947. Aujourd'hui, cette cigarette est directement associeÌ?e aÌ? l'un des ses amoureux les plus fideÌ?les et transis, Serge Gains
bourg.
+GENEVE La coutellerie suisse espeÌ?re un assouplissement prochain de la reÌ?glementation aeÌ?rienne afin de d'augmenter ses ventes dans les aeÌ?roports dont le volume a diminueÌ? depuis les attentats du 11 septembre. PopulariseÌ?s par les soldats ameÌ?ricains apreÌ?s la seconde guerre mondiale, les couteaux suisses sont actuellement interdits aÌ? la vente dans les zones de transit pour eÌ?viter un deÌ?tournement criminel de leur usage dans les avions. Cette mesure a eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?dicteÌ?e au niveau international par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI), et eÌ?tendue aux cutters, limes aÌ? ongles, coupe-ongles et autres ciseaux.
+CitroeÌ?n, en souvenir d'un fondateur visionnaire
+A son retour aÌ? Paris, il met sur pied un atelier ouÌ? sont fabriqueÌ?s ces engrenages en forme de chevrons, puis devient l'associeÌ? des automobiles Mors. La premieÌ?re voiture CitroeÌ?n -la 5 HP- voit le jour en 1921. Les Parisiens la surnommeront immeÌ?diatement 'la petite Citron'. Visionnaire mais aussi un peu meÌ?galomane, AndreÌ? CitroeÌ?n aura recours aÌ? de moyens tapageurs pour se faire connaiÌ?tre, en illuminant par exemple la tour Eiffel de son nom.
+Marks&Spencer quitte la Belgique
+De plus en plus de services payants sur Internet
+Swatch, une montre qui deÌ?fie la concurrence nippone
+Les achats en ligne se feÌ?minisent
+La Fnac, du trotskisme au capitalisme
+Lorsque les deux fondateurs deÌ?cident de se retirer en 1983, leur socieÌ?teÌ? eÌ?tait devenue un veÌ?ritable empire capitaliste. Un comble pour deux trotskistes.
+ Le groupe de distribution Delhaize vient d'entamer une nouvelle campagne publicitaire visant aÌ? ameÌ?liorer l'identiteÌ? de l'enseigne. ParalleÌ?lement, Delhaize compte investir dans le courant 2002 quelque Â? 100 millions tant dans l'extension du nombre de reÌ?feÌ?rences que dans l'ouverture ou la reÌ?novation de surfaces commerciales, a annonceÌ? hier Arthur Goethals, directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de Delhaize Belgique.
+Pedigree Pal, la nourriture des 'potes' Pal est d'origine anglaise et est fabriqueÌ?e depuis 1960 par le groupe Mars. Loin d'eÌ?tre chocolateÌ?e, cette nourriture 'pet-food' est destineÌ?e aÌ? nos amis les chiens. Pal signifie en effet 'Pote' en anglais. Un zeste de snobisme a fait ajouter en 1990 aÌ? la marque le terme 'Pedigree' pour faire plus snob. Une nourriture de "champion" pour votre compagnon favori. Car dans le domaine des pet-food, rien n'est trop beau pour seÌ?duire nos amis aÌ? quatre pattes et surtout leurs maiÌ?tres. Chiens et chats se partagent ainsi les noms les plus illustres dans leurs eÌ?cuelles, comme la reine de Saba pour Sheba ou Jules Cesar pour votre chien gourmet.
+L'histoire du champagne Laurent-Perrier remonte aux premieÌ?res anneÌ?es du 19e sieÌ?cle. La ceÌ?leÌ?bre maison fut fondeÌ?e en 1812 aÌ? Tours-sur-Marne par un certain Monsieur Laurent qui s'eÌ?tait installeÌ? dans la reÌ?gion pour y 'champagniser' ses vins. Le nom de la firme symbolise l'union de son fils EugeÌ?ne aÌ? Mathilde-Emilie Perrier. Du temps de la ligneÌ?e de Laurent-Perrier, la maison n'a jamais posseÌ?deÌ? ses vignobles propres, privileÌ?giant le contrat aÌ? long terme avec des vignerons exteÌ?rieurs. Cent ans plus tard, elle subira de plein fouet les conseÌ?quences de la PremieÌ?re Guerre mondiale. Le deÌ?ceÌ?s de la dernieÌ?re heÌ?ritieÌ?re preÌ?cipite le deÌ?clin de la Maison Laurent-Perrier qui peÌ?riclite en 1938. Peu avant la Seconde Guerre, Marie-Laure de Nonancourt en reprend la direction. En 1949, la production atteint les 80.000 bouteilles pour deÌ?passer aujourd'hui les 7 millions. Actuellement, la maison s'appuie sur un patrimoine foncier de plus de
100 hectares, mais preÌ?s de 90% des raisins neÌ?cessaires aÌ? la fabrication proviennent d'achats aupreÌ?s d'autres vignerons. Le Groupe Laurent-Perrier, qui deÌ?tient d'autres marques de champagne comme Salon, a eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?cemment introduit en Bourse.
+NEW YORK Les locations de videÌ?o et DVD ont geÌ?neÌ?reÌ? un chiffre d'affaires de 8,42 milliards de dollars (Â? 9,46 milliards) en 2001 aux Etats-Unis, ce qui repreÌ?sente une hausse de 2,1% par rapport aÌ? l'anneÌ?e preÌ?ceÌ?dente. Cette augmentation s'explique par la hausse du marcheÌ? de deÌ?tail et la populariteÌ? croissante du nouveau format de videÌ?o, aÌ? savoir le DVD. Selon les chiffres de l'Association -ameÌ?ricaine- des commerçants de la videÌ?o, les locations de videÌ?os ont progresseÌ? de 7,2% en 2001, par rapport aÌ? l'anneÌ?e 2000. Les locations de DVD ont, quant aÌ? elles, bondi de 164%.
+SAN FRANCISCO 07/01 - L'ameÌ?ricain Apple Computer, qui a reÌ?volutionneÌ? le look du PC avec ses iMac en couleur, a deÌ?voileÌ? lundi un nouveau design d'ordinateur, en forme de doÌ?me, avec un eÌ?cran plat et mobile.
+Un bras chromeÌ? relie les deux. Il permet de modifier la hauteur et l'inclinaison de l'eÌ?cran.
+Le nouveau design marque "la mort officielle" du tube cathodique, qui a domineÌ? des geÌ?neÌ?rations d'ordinateurs, a-t-il ajouteÌ?.
+Trois modeÌ?les diffeÌ?rents seront disponibles, pour un prix allant de 1.300 aÌ? 1.800 dollars (1.443 euros aÌ? 1.998 euros).
+Ensuite, le feuilleton prendra une tournure rocambolesque, la marque Coca-Cola sera deÌ?poseÌ?e en 1893 par le meilleur ami du pharmacien, un certain Candler, qui racheÌ?tera par la meÌ?me occasion la socieÌ?teÌ? et la formule du produit. C'est donc cet ami qui deviendra millionnaire, pas Pemberton.
+Enfin, la fameuse bouteille de Coca-Cola fera son apparition deÌ?s 1894 pour eÌ?tre ameÌ?lioreÌ?e en 1915, afin de reÌ?sister aÌ? la pression qui faisait exploser les bouteilles par de fortes chaleurs. La prohibition et les GI's ameÌ?ricains acheÌ?veront d'alimenter la renommeÌ?e de Coca-Cola, qui fit sa premieÌ?re apparition aÌ? la terrasse d'un cafeÌ? aÌ? Paris en 1936.
+SAN FRANCISCO L'AmeÌ?ricain Apple Computer, qui a reÌ?volutionneÌ? le look du PC avec ses iMac en couleur, a deÌ?voileÌ? lundi un nouveau design d'ordinateur, en forme de doÌ?me, avec un eÌ?cran plat et mobile. Le nouvel iMac, preÌ?senteÌ? au salon MacWorld de San Francisco, se compose d'une base compacte et ronde, de couleur blanche, et d'un eÌ?cran plat de 15 pouces. Un bras chromeÌ? relie les deux. Il permet de modifier la hauteur et l'inclinaison de l'eÌ?cran. L'iMac 2 tient davantage du luminaire design. A l'occasion de sa confeÌ?rence d'ouverture du MacWorld, Steve Jobs, PDG d'Apple, a eÌ?galement preÌ?senteÌ? une nouvelle version de l'iBook, portable grand public qui beÌ?neÌ?ficie deÌ?sormais d'un eÌ?cran 14 pouces, ainsi qu'iPhoto, un logiciel gratuit de traitement d'images. Ce programme, teÌ?leÌ?chargeable sur le site d'Apple, permet de publier directement ses images sur le Web ou de commander en ligne l'impression de ses images digitales.
+Lee Cooper, une marque presque aussi ceÌ?leÌ?bre que Levis. Le principal concurrent de Levi Strauss est d'autant plus rival qu'il est britannique. Tout commence au deÌ?but du 20e sieÌ?cle, en 1908 plus preÌ?ciseÌ?ment, lorsque Morris Cooper installe son atelier de confection dans la capitale londonienne. Quelques anneÌ?es plus tard, aÌ? l'aube de la PremieÌ?re Guerre mondiale, l'armeÌ?e britannique lui confie la confection de ses uniformes. CreÌ?neau inteÌ?ressant qui permettra aÌ? la socieÌ?teÌ? de Cooper, M.Cooper Ltd, de se speÌ?cialiser dans les uniformes de la Marine et les tabliers de bouchers. VoilaÌ? la grande aventure qui commence et l'entreprise qui se porte de mieux en mieux. En 1946, le fils, Harold Cooper, reprend l'usine de son peÌ?re. Deux ans plus tard, il lance ses premiers jeans qu'il nommera amoureusement 'Lee Cooper' du nom de sa femme (Lee eÌ?tant son preÌ?nom).
+PARIS
+Ensuite, l'histoire prendra une tournure plus 'romantique', pour ne pas dire treÌ?s 'amantique'. De compagnon en compagnon, Coco Channel montera aÌ? Paris, pour devenir en 1914 modiste rue Cambon, avec l'aide d'un certain Arthur 'Boy' Capel, bien connu sur les hippodromes de Deauville. Depuis lors, la griffe Chanel prendra de l'ampleur au point de creÌ?er des modeÌ?les pour la haute noblesse. Suivra tout naturellement le parfum Chanel 'NumeÌ?ro Cinq' qui acheÌ?vera de parfaire sa renommeÌ?e deÌ?s 1921.
+Les canettes deÌ?barquent au Danemark
+Pernod, de l'absinthe au pastis
+L'interdiction de l'absinthe en 1905 (un alcool qui faisait quand meÌ?me 68°) contraint Pernod Fils aÌ? la liquidation. En 1920, la loi s'adoucit et autorisa l'anis aÌ? 40°. L'usine Pernod Fils eut alors l'ideÌ?e de s'adresser aÌ? Jules Pernod (un homonyme), qui fabriquait eÌ?galement de l'anis, pour faire repartir la machine. Mais celui-ci refusa l'offre. Durant quelques anneÌ?es, les consommateurs eurent donc le choix entre entre l'anis Pernod d'Avignon et l'anis Pernod Fils de Montreuil. De nombreux proceÌ?s les opposeÌ?rent mais ils finirent par fusionner en 1928. En 1938, l'anis aÌ? 45° fut autoriseÌ? puis interdit deux ans plus tard. Il fallut alors attendre 1951 pour voir cette interdiction leveÌ?e. Aujourd'hui, Pernod et Ricard naviguent ensemble depuis 1974.
+Le groupe français LagardeÌ?re a deÌ?cideÌ? de creÌ?er, aÌ? travers sa filiale HDS, un site de teÌ?leÌ?chargement payant sous l'eÌ?gide de Virgin Megastore, les magasins de musique dont les sites français ont eÌ?teÌ? acheteÌ?s par le groupe en 2001. Le site proposera deux services aux internautes: un achat au titre et un abonnement mensuel. Il sera normalement opeÌ?rationnel au printemps prochain. Le groupe LagardeÌ?re avait renonceÌ? il y a quelques temps aÌ? l'e-commerce, mais la possibiliteÌ? d'utiliser un nom reconnu comme Virgin Megastore a pousseÌ? les dirigeants aÌ? creÌ?er un site de teÌ?leÌ?chargement musical. D'autres sites de teÌ?leÌ?chargement musical comme Musinet et Pressplay sont eÌ?galement en train de se construire, mais leurs dates de lancement en Europe ne sont toujours pas connues.
+En 1893, LeÌ?on Vanlancker ouvre une petite friterie dans la rue des Bouchers, entre la Grande Place de Bruxelles et le TheÌ?aÌ?tre de la Monnaie. La friterie est intituleÌ?e 'A la ville d'Anvers', mais dix ans plus tard, il s'installe aÌ? quelques maisons de laÌ? et ouvre la 'Friterie LeÌ?on' qui se speÌ?cialisera rapidement dans les plats moules-frites. C'est dans les anneÌ?es '50, lorsque Bruxelles devint la capitale du moules-frites, que 'Chez LeÌ?on' connaiÌ?tra un succeÌ?s consideÌ?rable. La famille Vanlancker a ouvert plusieurs restaurants dans tous le pays et meÌ?me en France sous le nom de 'LeÌ?on de Bruxelles'. Actuellement, il existe dix eÌ?tablissements en Belgique, treize aÌ? Paris, huit dans le reste de la France et meÌ?me un aÌ? Beyrouth.
+STOCKHOLM Le geÌ?ant des teÌ?leÌ?communications Ericsson a annonceÌ? qu'il fournirait aÌ? Vodafone son futur logiciel de messagerie multimeÌ?dia pour les teÌ?leÌ?phones mobiles de troisieÌ?me geÌ?neÌ?ration. Ce logiciel permettra l'envoi d'images en couleurs, d'animations, de sons et de videÌ?os accompagneÌ?s de textes sur les GSM du futur. Le montant du contrat entre Ericsson et Vodaphone, premier opeÌ?rateur mondial de teÌ?leÌ?phonie mobile, n'a pas eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?voileÌ?. Vodaphone a indiqueÌ? qu'il lancerait le Multimedia Message Service (MMS) au deuxieÌ?me semestre 2002 dans plusieurs pays europeÌ?ens comme l'Allemagne, la GreÌ?ce, l'Irlande, l'Italie, les Pays-Bas, la SueÌ?de, l'Espagne et le Royaume-Uni.
+En 1860, le Russe Piotr Arsenyevitch Smirnov fonde une distillerie de vodka appeleÌ?e la Maison de Commerce de PA Smirnov. La qualiteÌ? de sa boisson et les nouvelles techniques de distillation mises au point par Smirnov firent de cette vodka une des plus appreÌ?cieÌ?s de Moscou. En 1886, la distillerie reçoit le titre de 'Fournisseur officiel de la Cour impeÌ?riale' et sa vodka arrosera les soireÌ?es de la famille du Tsar pendant de longues anneÌ?es. Mais apreÌ?s la reÌ?volution bolchevique, la distillerie est nationaliseÌ?e comme toutes les autres industries. Vladimir, un des fils de Piotr Arsenyevitch, fuit alors le pays pour s'installer aÌ? Paris, ouÌ? il francise son nom en Smirnoff. Il tente d'abord de lancer la vodka en France mais rencontre Rudolf Kunett, un russe eÌ?migreÌ? aux Etats-Unis, avec qui il ouvre une distillerie en 1934. La vodka Smirnoff aura un eÌ?norme succeÌ?s dans les anneÌ?es trente, mais connaiÌ?tra son apogeÌ?e dans l'apreÌ?s-guerre avec la diff
usion de plus en plus courante de cocktails aÌ? base de vodka, notamment la vodka-orange.
+ASSURANCES/INTERNET/
+ 16/01 (BELGA)
+ApreÌ?s les Etats-Unis, la Belgique est le pays au monde qui a le plus de connexions Internet aÌ? haut deÌ?bit. Un Belge sur cinq surfe aujourd'hui sur le Net. Il apparaiÌ?t eÌ?galement que 38 pc des internautes belges consultent les offres sur le Web quand il s'agit d'acheter une voiture, de reÌ?server un voyage ou de louer un veÌ?hicule.
+Un baladeur MP3 aÌ? brancher sur sa TV
+Grand Marnier, la force des eÌ?corces
+Nouveaux partenaires pour la socieÌ?teÌ? de Peter Gabriel
+Volkswagen, la voiture du peuple
+Premier beÌ?neÌ?fice net pour Amazon.com
+King Gillette qui devint roi du rasoir
+Trois diamants pour une Mitsubishi
+BientoÌ?t le GSM de luxe
+Lustucru: paÌ?tes, fantaisie et tradition
+AOL contre Microsoft
+NTT DoCoMo progresse hors du Japon
+Monsieur Propre, un grand chauve pas macho La trentaine, bien baÌ?ti, mais compleÌ?tement chauve, le sourire coquin..., il en a fait reÌ?ver des femmes, non pas pour ses abatis, ni pour son pouvoir de seÌ?duction, mais pour sa force de vaincre la saleteÌ?. SurnommeÌ? 'Monsieur Propre' depuis 1959 -par eÌ?gard aÌ? la mode ameÌ?ricaine de l'eÌ?poque qui nommait tous ces heÌ?ros par Monsieur X ou Y-, l'homme aÌ? la boucle d'oreille et au tee-shirt blanc est l'enfant cheÌ?ri de Procter et de Gamble, leader mondial du marcheÌ? des deÌ?tergents. Un Mister Clean qui au deÌ?but n'eÌ?tait pas si 'net' que cela, puisqu'il fut creÌ?eÌ? avant meÌ?me que la formule du produit nettoyant qu'il repreÌ?sente ne soit mise au point. Qu'aÌ? cela ne tienne, l'emballage a rapidement trouveÌ? son contenu. Le 'petit muscleÌ?' a deÌ?barqueÌ? en France en 1966 pour s'introduire petit aÌ? petit dans l'intimiteÌ? des salles de bains ou le secret des cuisines de ces dames qui ne peuvent plus s'en passer
aujourd'hui partout en Europe.
+ La nouvelle console de jeux videÌ?os de Nintendo -le GameCube- sera lanceÌ?e sur le marcheÌ? europeÌ?en le 3 mai prochain. 500.000 uniteÌ?s seront mises sur le marcheÌ? pour son lancement aÌ? compter de cette date. La console sera disponible sur notre continent en deux couleurs (mauve et noire). Nintendo s'attend aÌ? ce que le prix du GameCube tourne autour des Â? 249. Les jeux devraient se vendre aux alentours des Â? 60. Le GameCube -qu'on pourra connecter au GameBoy Advance, la console portable de Nintendo- se pose en concurrent direct de la console PlayStation 2 sortie par Sony en mars 2000 et de la X-Box de Microsoft.
+D'AureÌ?ale aÌ? l'OreÌ?al
+Nombreux achats en ligne au bureau
+McDonald's se met au braille
+C&A, un concept vieux de 160 ans
+Hilton celui qui a su profiter de la crise eÌ?conomique
+Dell s'associe aÌ? Cray
+Les sites d'entreprise ne font vraiment pas le poids
+Opel, l'automobile qui se substitua aÌ? la machine aÌ? coudre
+Des versions mobiles du portail MSN
+Buitoni, l'heÌ?ritage de 'Mamma Giulia'
+Les paÌ?tes Buitoni ne tardeÌ?rent pourtant pas aÌ? eÌ?tre reÌ?compenseÌ?es au niveau international. Elles deÌ?crocheÌ?rent une meÌ?daille d'or aÌ? Paris en 1867, puis aÌ? Chicago en 1893. Au deÌ?but du 20eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, Buitoni ouvrit sa premieÌ?re usine en France, avant de s'implanter eÌ?galement aux Etats-Unis et en Angleterre. A noter que, depuis 1988, Buitoni appartient au groupe NestleÌ?.
+SOCHAUX
+En ce qui concerne les noms attribueÌ?s aux modeÌ?les de la marque, soit un numeÌ?ro aÌ? trois chiffres, portant obligatoirement en son milieu un zeÌ?ro, la leÌ?gende parle du trou de manivelle des premieÌ?res voitures, situeÌ? au milieu du chiffre zeÌ?ro placeÌ? sur la calandre.
+Aujourd'hui, le constructeur PSA (Peugeot SocieÌ?teÌ? Anonyme) regroupe sa coupe les marques Peugeot, CitroeÌ?n (racheteÌ? en 1974).
+TROYE
+Quoiqu'il en soit, Scandale a fait fureur dans le monde de la lingerie fine avant de finir en vagues souvenirs de plaisirs deÌ?chus. ApreÌ?s avoir eÌ?teÌ? reprise par le groupe Troyen Devanlay, Scandale tombera dans l'escarcelle de Vestra en 2000. Entre deux, les soutiens-gorge, petits caracos et autres slips en dentelle passeront de mains en mains au greÌ? des saisons. MeÌ?me les Chinois se sont offerts un peu de Scandale dans les anneÌ?es 1970, via le groupe TopForm International.
+En tout cas, Rien, la marque de lingerie qui s'en va et qui revient n'a jamais empeÌ?cheÌ? Marilyn Monroe de dormir avec simplement sur elle, une goutte de Channel n°5.
+PITTSBURGH Heinz avait deÌ?jaÌ? fait fort en lançant son ketchup vert, censeÌ? relancer l'attrait du public pour la fameuse sauce tomate. La firme ameÌ?ricaine remet le couvert, avec de nouveau le jeune public en ligne de mire: elle met sur le marcheÌ? la frite au gouÌ?t chocolat. Les nombreux enfants a qui on avait demandeÌ? aÌ? quelle "sauce" ils preÌ?feÌ?raient leurs frites ont eÌ?galement opteÌ? pour celles parfumeÌ?es aÌ? la cannelle, aÌ? la creÌ?me, ou encore aux oignons. Peut-eÌ?tre pour qu'on arreÌ?te de leur en mettre dans leur hamburger. DeÌ?cideÌ?ment treÌ?s "tendance", la nouvelle game porte le nom de "frites funky".
+VILLENEUVE D'ASCQ
+Quand le biscuit sourit.
+L'anceÌ?tre de l'actuel BN eÌ?tait carreÌ? et ne souriait pas. DeÌ?jaÌ? treÌ?s connu dans les anneÌ?es 50, il a subi diverses transformations et innovations qui en ont fait ce qu'il est aujourd'hui. C'est en 1896 que Pierre CoseÌ? fonde La Biscuiterie Nantaise. A l'eÌ?poque la ville accueille de nombreux bateaux dont les eÌ?quipages ne repartent pas sans biscuits, denreÌ?e se conservant bien. En 1933, la biscuiterie creÌ?e le Choco casse-crouÌ?te qui deviendra son produit phare. Ce n'est qu'aÌ? partir de 1953 que l'on retrouve les initiales de la biscuiterie dans le nom du biscuit devenu Choco BN. Ce nom devient si connu qu'il reste persiste quand les biscuits s'ouvrent aÌ? d'autres gouÌ?ts.
+Mais la marque ne s'arreÌ?tte pas laÌ?. Au deÌ?but des anneÌ?es nonantes, c'est le biscuit lui-meÌ?me qui se voit relookeÌ?. Des enqueÌ?tes ayant montreÌ? que les consommateurs aimaient voir le fourrage aÌ? travers les biscuits, ces derniers se dotent d'un sourire et de deux yeux.
+ Lorsque les Belges choisissent une marque qu'ils jugent fiable, ils ne sont pas preÌ?s d'en changer. C'est ce que reÌ?veÌ?le un sondage European Trusted Brands 2002 du 'Reader's Digest'. En Belgique, Belgacom est, toutes cateÌ?gories confondues, perçue comme la marque la plus fiable. Au niveau "autos et eÌ?quipement", Volkswagen remporte la palme tandis que pour les stations-service, les Belges preÌ?feÌ?rent Esso. Pour les PC, Compaq se taille la part du lion et Belgacom reÌ?apparaiÌ?t en tant que fournisseur d'acceÌ?s Internet le plus fiable. Les questionnaires ont eÌ?teÌ? compleÌ?teÌ?s en septembre 2001, ce qui donne la Sabena comme compagnie aeÌ?rienne preÌ?feÌ?reÌ?e des Belges. Le trio de teÌ?te des marques en Belgique est composeÌ? par Belgacom, Iglo et Visa tandis qu'au niveau europeÌ?en, il s'agit de Nokia, Nivea et Visa.
+NANTES C'est en 1896 que Pierre CoseÌ? fonde La Biscuiterie Nantaise. A l'eÌ?poque la ville accueille de nombreux bateaux dont les eÌ?quipages ne repartent pas sans biscuits, denreÌ?es se conservant bien. En 1933, la biscuiterie creÌ?e le 'Choco casse-crouÌ?te' qui deviendra son produit phare. Ce n'est qu'aÌ? partir de 1953 que l'on retrouve les initiales de la biscuiterie dans le nom du biscuit devenu 'Choco BN'. Ce nom devient si connu qu'il demeure le meÌ?me quand les biscuits s'ouvrent aÌ? d'autres gouÌ?ts.
+Mais la marque ne s'arreÌ?te pas laÌ?. Au deÌ?but des anneÌ?es nonantes, c'est le biscuit lui-meÌ?me qui se voit relookeÌ?. Des enqueÌ?tes ayant montreÌ? que les consommateurs aimaient voir le fourrage aÌ? travers les biscuits, ces derniers se dotent d'un sourire et de deux grands yeux.
+ Lorsque les Belges choisissent une marque qu'ils jugent fiable, ils ne sont pas preÌ?s d'en changer. C'est ce que reÌ?veÌ?le un sondage European Trusted Brands 2002 du 'Reader's Digest'. En Belgique, Belgacom est, toutes cateÌ?gories confondues, perçue comme la marque la plus fiable. Au niveau "autos et eÌ?quipement", Volkswagen remporte la palme. Pour les PC, Compaq se taille la part du lion et Belgacom reÌ?apparaiÌ?t en tant que fournisseur d'acceÌ?s Internet. Le sondage a eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?aliseÌ? en septembre 2001, ce qui donne la Sabena comme compagnie aeÌ?rienne preÌ?feÌ?reÌ?e des Belges. Le trio de teÌ?te des marques en Belgique est composeÌ? par Belgacom, Iglo et Visa tandis qu'au niveau europeÌ?en, il s'agit de Nokia, Nivea et Visa.
+MUNICH Combattre la faim dans le monde. C'eÌ?tait le but du professeur Justus von Liebig quand il inventa en 1862 l'extrait de viande, anceÌ?tre de nos actuels cubes de bouillon et autres soupes en poudre. C'est dans son laboratoire de Munich que le chimiste commença des recherches qui deÌ?boucheÌ?rent sur la premieÌ?re technique de production industrielle de farines de viande. Il parvint aÌ? reÌ?duire les matieÌ?res animales en poudre quasi imputrescible et donc aiseÌ?ment transportable. Il confia ensuite le brevet aÌ? une socieÌ?teÌ? belge qui popularisa son nom. Cette dernieÌ?re acheta d'immenses eÌ?levages de bovins dans le Sud de l'Argentine pour extraire son jus de viande.
+Au delaÌ? du produit lui-meÌ?me, une ideÌ?e 'marketing' est lieÌ?e aÌ? la marque. DeÌ?s 1872, cette dernieÌ?re se fit connaiÌ?tre en offrant aÌ? ses clients des vignettes en chromolithographie (photo). Au deÌ?but, ces vues montraient l'usine ainsi que les proceÌ?deÌ?s de fabrication des produits. Elles se diversifieront ensuite avec pour but de faire reÌ?ver le public. A leur dos se trouvaient, notamment, des informations sur les qualiteÌ?s du produit. En un sieÌ?cle environ 1.800 seÌ?ries de six images furent proposeÌ?es.
+Munich Friendlyway preÌ?sentera cette anneÌ?e au public la station 'Videomail' graÌ?ce aÌ? laquelle il sera bientoÌ?t possible d'envoyer des videÌ?omails aÌ? partir de lieux publics. Le systeÌ?me filme, par le biais de l'eÌ?cran, une seÌ?quence videÌ?o d'une vingtaine de secondes de la personne placeÌ?e en face de lui. Une fois enregistreÌ?e, la seÌ?quence peut eÌ?tre envoyeÌ?e dans un e-mail. Le destinataire reçoit la breÌ?ve seÌ?quence videÌ?o de salutations accompagneÌ?e d'un petit message publicitaire sur le lieu de l'envoi. Les proprieÌ?taires des lieux, tels que les parcs d'attractions, les zoos mais aussi les magasins, peuvent ainsi glisser des publiciteÌ?s concernant leurs offres. Le systeÌ?me est deÌ?jaÌ? installeÌ? dans des lieux comme la Zugspitze (un sommet des Alpes), dans des salons ou encore dans l'aeÌ?roport de ZuÌ?rich.
+TOKYO
+Vingt ans plus tard, le lieÌ?vre eut un fils appeleÌ? tout naturellement 'son of Dat'. Et puis un jeu de mot en appelant un autre, 'son' devint 'sun' en reÌ?feÌ?rence au soleil, embleÌ?me de l'Empire du Soleil Levant.
+Toujours est-il que la complication ne s'arreÌ?ta pas laÌ?. MeÌ?me si Nissan fut officialiseÌ? en 1934 en abandonnant sur le papier le soleil, on gardera quand meÌ?me le 'sun' dans le logo. D'ouÌ? la confusion durant preÌ?s d'un quart de sieÌ?cle ouÌ? les deux marques Datsun et Nissan coexisteront jusqu'en 1980, date de l'abandon deÌ?finitif de Datsun et de la mise en place d'un logo clair et net reprenant texto le mot Nissan sur un nouvel embleÌ?me. En Europe, Nissan est produit depuis 1990 essentiellement en Angleterre.
+PALO ALTO Alta Vista, un des principaux moteurs de recherche sur Internet, a choisi de mettre fin aÌ? son service d'e-mail gratuit aÌ? partir du 31 mars prochain. Cette deÌ?cision s'inscrit dans une strateÌ?gie de recentrage sur les activiteÌ?s de recherche sur le Web. Alta Vista, controÌ?leÌ? par la socieÌ?teÌ? CMGI, avait essayeÌ? depuis environ deux ans d'eÌ?largir ses activiteÌ?s, en proposant une vaste palette des services destineÌ?s au grand public. Parmi ceux-ci figure la messagerie gratuite. Cette strateÌ?gie, qui s'inspirait du modeÌ?le offert par de grands portails Web tels que Yahoo!, n'a cependant pas eÌ?teÌ? couronneÌ?e de succeÌ?s. Les AmeÌ?ricains d'Alta Vista, qui comptent aux Etats-Unis 400.000 abonneÌ?s aÌ? leur service de messagerie gratuite, ont deÌ?s lors deÌ?cideÌ? de revenir aÌ? leurs activiteÌ?s de base.
+ABERDEEN La marque Chivas se positionne parmi les whiskies de luxe. Ainsi, le Chivas Regal doit avoir vieilli au minimum pendant 12 ans dans des fuÌ?ts de cheÌ?ne qui, en geÌ?neÌ?ral, ont contenu du XeÌ?reÌ?s. L'origine de la marque Chivas remonte aÌ? 1801, quand un certain William Edward creÌ?a un commerce de vins et spiritueux aÌ? Aberdeen, en Ecosse. En 1830, William Edward s'associa avec James Chivas, dont le nom se perpeÌ?tue encore aujourd'hui. En effet, ce dernier reprit l'affaire en 1841, lors du deÌ?ceÌ?s de William Edward et commença alors aÌ? embouteiller ses propres whiskies. James Chivas s'associa avec son freÌ?re John en 1857: la socieÌ?teÌ? Chivas Brothers eÌ?tait neÌ?e et ses whiskies commenceÌ?rent aÌ? eÌ?tre achemineÌ?s aux quatre coins de l'Empire britannique.
+A la mort de James Chivas, en 1886, son fils Alexander prit sa succession, avant de passer le flambeau aÌ? un de ses employeÌ?s, Alexander Smith, et aÌ? un partenaire deÌ?nommeÌ? Charles Stewart Howard. Ceux-ci mirent rapidement au point le Chivas Regal et, malgreÌ? les remous apporteÌ?s par la premieÌ?re guerre mondiale puis par la prohibition aux Etats-Unis, la marque continua aÌ? prospeÌ?rer. A noter que la distillation du whisky Chivas s'arreÌ?ta lors de le seconde guerre mondiale, suite aux peÌ?nuries diverses ayant accompagneÌ? ce conflit.
+LYON Le vin aromatiseÌ? qui porte le meÌ?me nom que la ville française n'a rien aÌ? voir avec la CoÌ?te d'Azur. Le Saint-RaphaeÌ?l Quinquina est neÌ? aÌ? Lyon en 1830. Son inventeur, AdheÌ?mar Juppet, craignait de perdre la vue. Ses recherches sur la mise au point d'un vin tonique au quinquina l'avaient plus affaibli qu'autre chose. Redoutant donc d'eÌ?tre frappeÌ? de ceÌ?citeÌ? totale, il jura que, s'il parvenait aÌ? mettre son eÌ?lixir au point, il le mettrait sous le patronage de l'archange RaphaeÌ?l. Selon la Bible, ce dernier aurait permis aÌ? Tobie de rendre la vue aÌ? son peÌ?re aveugle. Le voeu d'AdheÌ?mar Juppet fut exauceÌ?. Non seulement sa vue s'ameÌ?liora, mais son eÌ?tat de santeÌ? geÌ?neÌ?ral connut eÌ?galement un mieux. Ce qui lui permit de terminer le deÌ?veloppement du fameux apeÌ?ritif. C'est son fils, Pierre Juppet, qui deÌ?posa la marque "Saint-RaphaeÌ?l Quinquina". La socieÌ?teÌ? proprement dite vit le jour en 1897 aÌ? Paris. Elle construisit une usin
e aÌ? Ivry, puis aÌ? SeÌ?te. L'archange qui veillait sur la maison et sur l'eÌ?tiquette a eÌ?teÌ? remplaceÌ? en 1910, par deux serveurs de cafeÌ?, l'un blanc, l'autre rouge, pour eÌ?voquer les deux varieÌ?teÌ?s d'apeÌ?ritif. Ils furent redessineÌ?s par Charles Loupot en 1938. La recette du peÌ?re Juppet: mistelles (mouÌ?ts de raisin) vieillies en 2 ans en fuÌ?t, coupeÌ?es avec du vin rouge ou blanc au degreÌ? releveÌ? (15°). Aromatiser avec les eÌ?corces de quinquina, zestes de citron, d'orange ameÌ?re, racines de colombo, baies et plantes maceÌ?reÌ?es dans l'alcool.
+LONDRES La chaiÌ?ne de magasins de preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter britannique aimerait recruter le footballeur David Beckham pour attirer plus de jeunes dans ses magasins. Il est vrai que M&S souffre d'une image quelque peu deÌ?passeÌ?e. La chaiÌ?ne a donc confirmeÌ? qu'elle avait des contacts avec le milieu de terrain de Manchester United. D'apreÌ?s le 'Financial Times', Beckham fera deÌ?jaÌ? campagne pour M&S aÌ? partir de la Coupe du Monde de football. Des tentatives dans ce sens avaient deÌ?jaÌ? eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?aliseÌ?es par M&S l'anneÌ?e dernieÌ?re en engageant le preÌ?sentateur vedette anglais Zoe Ball. Par ailleurs, le footballeur est deÌ?jaÌ? engageÌ? avec Adidas et la marque de lunettes Police.
+tou par
+PARIS (AP) -- Plus du quart (25 aÌ? 30%) du temps factureÌ? par les opeÌ?rateurs de teÌ?leÌ?phonie mobile n'est jamais consommeÌ? par les abonneÌ?s, selon une enqueÌ?te de l'Union feÌ?deÌ?rale des consommateurs (UFC) et le magazine "Que Choisir" rendue publique lundi.
+Petit exemple: en France, il suffit de tomber sur un reÌ?pondeur et de raccrocher aussitoÌ?t pour voir son forfait diminueÌ? de 60 secondes. Presque partout ailleurs en Europe, quand une personne teÌ?leÌ?phone cinq secondes, l'opeÌ?rateur lui facture cinq secondes de facturation, deÌ?nonce l'UFC. En Allemagne par exemple, seules les 10 premieÌ?res secondes sont indivisibles et en GreÌ?ce, il n'y a aucun palier.
+ApreÌ?s avoir eÌ?tudieÌ? une centaine de factures, l'UFC-Que Choisir affirme eÌ?tre en mesure de reÌ?veÌ?ler que ce palier de facturation "gruge" l'abonneÌ? de 25 aÌ? 30% du temps de son forfait. En effet, 98% des appels ne tomberaient pas pile sur un palier et 60% dureraient moins d'une minute. Le temps deÌ?compteÌ? factureÌ? serait donc toujours supeÌ?rieur au temps reÌ?el des communications.
+En novembre dernier, l'AutoriteÌ? de reÌ?gulation des teÌ?leÌ?communications (ART) avait appeleÌ? les opeÌ?rateurs aÌ? facturer aÌ? leurs abonneÌ?s des tarifs "plus repreÌ?sentatifs des appels reÌ?ellement passeÌ?s". Sans succeÌ?s. L'UFC-Que Choisir s'est donc trouveÌ? un nouveau cheval de bataille et a deÌ?cideÌ? de porter l'affaire devant le Conseil de la concurrence pour entente illicite.
+AP
+PerceÌ?e significative de la banque en ligne
+SEAT, une Hispanique au pays de Goethe
+Quoiqu'il en soit, c'est sous licence de Fiat que sortirent les premieÌ?res Seat, initiales tireÌ?es de la Sociedad Espanola de Automoviles de Turismo, une usine implanteÌ?e aÌ? Barcelone. Dans les premiers temps, les modeÌ?les italiens seront un tant soit peu hispaniseÌ?s pour donner un leÌ?ger panache aÌ? ces nouvelles voitures ibeÌ?riques. Ainsi, l'Italienne Ritmo deviendra Seat Ronda et Marbella reprendra les traits de la Fiat Panda.
+Bugatti, de la leÌ?gende aÌ? l'avant-garde
+Accord entre Philips et STM
+Le recul du petit commerce
+Badoit, des bulles en bouteille
+DeÌ?jaÌ? connue sous l'eÌ?poque romaine, la source naturelle de Saint-Galmier doit sa renommeÌ?e aÌ? un certain Badoit, inventeur de l'embouteillage industriel.
+En 1837, un certain Augustin Saturnin Badoit s'occupe des sources de la ville. A l'eÌ?poque l'eau courante n'existe pas encore aÌ? Paris. L'eau de la Seine est ameneÌ?e dans des reÌ?cipients en cuivre. Les Bougnat, chargeÌ?s d'acheminer le charbon, livrent eÌ?galement l'eau.
+Mais apreÌ?s la guerre 14-18, l'eau courante fait son apparition dans les immeubles et c'est la fin des porteurs. On ne trouve plus l'eau de Saint-Galmier que dans les pharmacies. Elle doit attendre 1960 pour renaiÌ?tre, sous le nom de Badoit, hommage aÌ? celui qui l'a rendue si populaire. En 1965 Badoit fusionne avec Evian et quitte les pharmacies pour exhiber ses bulles sur les rayons des grandes surfaces.
+ Selon une enqueÌ?te de 'Jupiter Media Metrix', les sites de voyage europeÌ?ens ne souffrent pas vraiment du malaise geÌ?neÌ?raliseÌ? du secteur des voyages. Ainsi, l'anneÌ?e dernieÌ?re, en Europe, les visites aux sites de voyage ont progresseÌ? de 75%. Le bureau d'eÌ?tudes a constateÌ? une augmentation de 75% de trafic suppleÌ?mentaire sur les sites espagnols, tandis qu'il a pointeÌ? une assez progression pour la France, de l'ordre de 11%. Selon 'Jupiter Media Metrix', la Grande-Bretagne repreÌ?sente le plus gros marcheÌ? du voyage en ligne en Europe, avec preÌ?s de 6 millions de visiteurs en janvier 2002. L'Allemagne arrive en seconde position avec 5,1 millions de visiteurs, suivie par la France avec 2,6 millions de visiteurs.
+PARIS Selon le consultant en publication Pressflex, les sites Web de la presse quotidienne ou hebdomadaire n'ont pas d'influence neÌ?gative sur les ventes, au contraire... Pressflex s'est pencheÌ? sur le cas de 236 journaux en France doteÌ?s ou non d'un site deÌ?riveÌ? de leur produit imprimeÌ?. D'une manieÌ?re geÌ?neÌ?rale, le journal reÌ?gional français qui ne dispose pas d'un site Web a perdu, en moyenne, 0,88% de ses abonnements entre 1999 et 2001. Tandis que les journaux qui proposent aÌ? leur lecteur une version eÌ?lectronique n'ont perdu que 0,27% de leurs abonneÌ?s sur la meÌ?me peÌ?riode. Les conclusions du consultant portent aÌ? croire qu'un site stimule les ventes en ligne s'il preÌ?voit un formulaire d'abonnement en ligne, ce qui n'est pas toujours le cas. Internet constituerait ainsi un outil marketing important pour les journaux, outil qui est encore plus judicieux pour les hebdomadaires que les quotidiens. Les magazines beÌ?neÌ?ficient davantage des ventes h
ors ligne sur base de la preÌ?sence en ligne, assure Pressflex.
+ Etrange histoire que celle du nylon... De bien nombreuses rumeurs sont en effet apparues sur l'origine de ce mot qui vit le jour en 1938. La premieÌ?re d'entre elle tendait aÌ? dire que 'nylon' n'eÌ?tait simplement qu'une deÌ?formation de "no run" ("ne file pas!"). C'eÌ?tait sans compter l'utilisation premieÌ?re de cette matieÌ?re qui eÌ?tait les poils de brosse aÌ? dents. Vint ensuite le bruit que 'nylon' eÌ?tait composeÌ? des initiales des preÌ?noms des cinq secreÌ?taires du service. Que nenni... D'autres preÌ?tendaient qu'il deÌ?rivait de l'exclamation plutoÌ?t injurieuse d'un collaborateur de William Carothers qui l'a inventeÌ? en 1931: "Now You Lousy Old Nipponese!" ("maintenant, aÌ? vous, sales pouilleux de vieux japonais"). Hum...! C'eÌ?tait sans doute oublier que les brevets du 'polyhexameÌ?thyleÌ?neadipamide' avait eÌ?teÌ? deÌ?poseÌ? par Dupont de Nemours au moins dix ans avant l'entreÌ?e en guerre contre le Japon. On pensait alors le baptiser "Duponese", "Lustrol"
, "Neo-sheen", "Pontella", voire meÌ?me "Duparooh" (pour "DUPont pulls a Rabbit Out Of a Hat", c'est-aÌ?-dire "la dupont sort un lapin de son chapeau").
+Lipton, le theÌ? populariseÌ? par sir Tea
+Autrefois reÌ?serveÌ? aÌ? une certaine eÌ?lite anglaises, le theÌ? a peu a peu conquis les familles modestes aÌ? mesure que Thomas Lipton s'eÌ?levait au rang de 'sir Tea'. Parti du bas de l'eÌ?chelle sociale, en tant que simple commis dans l'eÌ?picerie familial aÌ? Glasgow, Thomas Lipton avait le sens des affaires. Face au refus de ses parents d'appliquer les meÌ?thodes ameÌ?ricaines, il ouvrit en 1870 sa propre eÌ?picerie. Vingt ans plus tard, elles eÌ?taient 200 aÌ? travers le Royaume-Uni.
+Cette dernieÌ?re, treÌ?s reÌ?ticente face aÌ? l'opportuniste devenu millionnaire, finira par anoblir Thomas Lipton, en l'eÌ?levant au rang de pair du Royaume en 1898. La presse aÌ? scandale ne se fit pas prier pour surnommer ce nouveau venu 'sir Tea'. Il faut dire que ce dernier avait un peu pousseÌ? le destin en envoyant anonymement un cheÌ?que mirobolant pour le jubileÌ? de la reine et en se faisant connaiÌ?tre quinze jours plus tard. Business is business...
+Gore-Tex, des veÌ?tements tout terrain
+A noter que la socieÌ?teÌ? W.L. Gore & Associates fabrique eÌ?galement des composants eÌ?lectroniques, ainsi que des produits destineÌ?s au secteur meÌ?dical et aÌ? l'industrie.
+LONDRES La socieÌ?teÌ? Sony Ericsson, une co-entreprise creÌ?eÌ?e par le groupe sueÌ?dois Ericsson et le japonais Sony, affiche clairement ses ambitions. Elle veut en effet, d'ici cinq ans, dominer le marcheÌ? des teÌ?leÌ?phones mobiles.
+Ainsi, l'un de ces nouveaux GSM conviendra plus particulieÌ?rement aux amateurs de jeux. Un autre est eÌ?quipeÌ? d'une mini-cameÌ?ra numeÌ?rique. Enfin, au moins trois de ces nouveaux modeÌ?les posseÌ?dent des eÌ?crans couleurs et disposent d'une connexion permanente aÌ? Internet.
+Les speÌ?cialistes estiment toutefois que la co-entreprise de Sony et Ericsson ne constitue pas un reÌ?el danger pour Nokia, le numeÌ?ro un mondial du secteur. En effet, le volume de production des nouveaux modeÌ?les Sony-Ericsson, les premiers mis sur le marcheÌ? avec le logo de la co-entreprise, ne serait pas assez eÌ?leveÌ? pour offrir une concurrence seÌ?rieuse.
+GAND 06/03 (BELGA)
+L'institut recrute des experts d'universiteÌ?s et de centres de recherche internationalement reconnus. Lego affirme posseÌ?der deÌ?jaÌ? de nombreux "contacts acadeÌ?miques", notamment avec le prestigieux Massachusetts Institute for Technology (MIT) et le Danish Institute of Education. Ces collaborations ont conduit aÌ? la mise en place d'un comiteÌ? consultatif international, que le LLI conseillera en matieÌ?re de psychologie enfantine.
+"Nous voulons acqueÌ?rir une autoriteÌ? internationale dans ce domaine dans les 2 ou 3 prochaines anneÌ?es", a deÌ?clareÌ? le preÌ?sident directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de Lego, Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen.
+Un centre de recherche Lego pour "apprendre en jouant"
+Une premieÌ?re enqueÌ?te Lego est en cours actuellement dans 5 pays (USA, Royaume Uni, France, Allemagne et Japon) aupreÌ?s de parents d'enfants de 0 aÌ? 12 ans. Dans quelle mesure le monde a-t-il changeÌ? pour l'enfant ces dernieÌ?res anneÌ?es? De quel jouet a besoin un enfant aujourd'hui?, s'interroge le fabricant. "Nous voulons acqueÌ?rir une autoriteÌ? internationale dans ce domaine dans les 2 ou 3 prochaines anneÌ?es", a deÌ?clareÌ? le preÌ?sident directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de Lego, Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen.
+On nous l'a tant reÌ?peÌ?teÌ?... Il est indispensable de se proteÌ?ger du soleil! Si aujourd'hui l'eÌ?ventail des creÌ?mes et autres huiles solaires ne nous laisse que l'embarras du choix, il n'en a pas toujours eÌ?teÌ? de meÌ?me. La premieÌ?re huile protectrice n'a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e qu'en 1936 aÌ? l'initiative d'EugeÌ?ne Schueller, le fondateur de l'OreÌ?al. Comme chaque anneÌ?e, l'homme fort du ceÌ?leÌ?bre groupe cosmeÌ?tique passait ses vacances aÌ? bord de son yacht, au large de la Bretagne. Inconditionnel des coups de soleil, il voulait y mettre un terme. Aucune huile ne lui permettait de proteÌ?ger son teint paÌ?le. A titre personnel, il demanda aÌ? ses chercheurs de lui concocter une creÌ?me qui proteÌ?gerait sa peau, meÌ?me apreÌ?s le bain. La premieÌ?re huile bronzant, Ambre Solaire, eÌ?tait neÌ?e. Elle est distribueÌ?e aujourd'hui par les Laboratoires Garnier, une filiale de L'OreÌ?al. La gamme propose toute une seÌ?rie de types de laits solaires (autobronzant, acc
eÌ?leÌ?rateur de bronzage, eÌ?cran total, creÌ?me protectrice aux multiples indices,...) qui ont remplaceÌ? l'huile un peu grasse aÌ? ses deÌ?buts.
+ VoilaÌ? une information qui va reÌ?jouir les amateurs de bieÌ?re et les guindailleurs de tout poil. Dans un communiqueÌ?, Interbrew annonce en effet que le casier de bieÌ?res Jupiler de 33 cl est aÌ? preÌ?sent proposeÌ? aux coÌ?teÌ?s du casier de bieÌ?res de 25 cl. Le groupe brassicole belge explique que ce nouveau genre de casier a fait l'objet de tests chez Colruyt deÌ?s le mois de juin 2001.
+"Colruyt va continuer aÌ? distribuer les casiers contenant des bouteilles de 33 cl, tandis que les autres chaiÌ?nes et le secteur horeca ont deÌ?jaÌ? montreÌ? leur inteÌ?reÌ?t pour cette nouvelle gamme", a souligneÌ? hier Guy Dewulf, responsable des relations externes chez Interbrew.
+LONDRES Les After Eight, ce sont de deÌ?licieuses petites douceurs destineÌ?es aux gourmand(e)s qui appreÌ?cient les meÌ?langes de gouÌ?ts venus d'outre-Manche. En l'occurence, il s'agit de fines feuilles de chocolat fourreÌ?es de creÌ?me aÌ? la menthe. Cette gourmandise, aÌ? consommer aÌ? toute heure, mais de preÌ?feÌ?rence apreÌ?s huit heures, comme l'indique son nom, a eÌ?teÌ? imagineÌ?e par la firme Rowntree Mackintosh, qui fait partie du groupe NestleÌ? depuis 1988. Associer le chocolat et la menthe, il fallait y penser!
+Matsushita permet de seÌ?lectionner une chanson selon son humeur
+"Moral aÌ? zeÌ?ro" ou "une forme aÌ? tout casser", quelle que soit votre humeur, Matsushita Electric Industrial a trouveÌ? un moyen de seÌ?lectionner le morceau de musique qu'il vous faut graÌ?ce aÌ? un systeÌ?me appeleÌ? "Musicsommelier" qu'il lance au printemps au Japon.
+"Actuellement, les outils de recherche conventionnels seÌ?lectionnent des chansons sur la base du nom de l'artiste ou du titre du morceau. DeÌ?sormais, les disques durs peuvent stocker des volumes eÌ?normes de contenu musical et il devient difficile de s'adapter aÌ? l'humeur de l'utilisateur aÌ? un moment donneÌ?", a expliqueÌ? Matsushita dans un communiqueÌ?.
+Le systeÌ?me classifie en fonction des eÌ?motions et sensations qu'ils procurent, tous les types ou morceaux de musique, aussi bien graveÌ?s sur des CD ou DVD qu'entendus sur des radios FM et les enregistre sur disque dur dans une sorte de librairie musicale.
+Le "musicsommelier" permet ensuite aÌ? l'utilisateur de choisir la musique la plus approprieÌ?e aÌ? son humeur graÌ?ce aÌ? la mise en correÌ?lation "statistique" entre les huit traits marquants et les cinq types de sensations.
+Matsushita s'inteÌ?resse aÌ? votre humeur
+Guinness, une essence toute dublinoise
+perso.libertysurf.fr/seriaz/irlande/guiness1.htm
+TOKYO La compagnie japonaise Sharp et le fabriquant de logiciels allemand SAP AG vont introduire prochainement un systeÌ?me permettant aÌ? tous d'acceÌ?der aux donneÌ?es de l'entreprise depuis assistants eÌ?lectroniques de type 'Palm'. Le systeÌ?me permettrait aux deÌ?tenteurs de ce type d'accessoire d'acceÌ?der aux donneÌ?es ('entreprise ressource planning') de SAP, de veÌ?rifier les donneÌ?es relatives aux consommateurs et encore d'autres informations, tout cela sans devoir contacter l'entreprise. Selon Koji Maekawa, le porte-parole de chez Sharp, les deux entreprises preÌ?senteront ce systeÌ?me au CeBit, le salon consacreÌ? aÌ? la haute-technologie qui s'ouvre aujourd'hui aÌ? Hanovre. Le systeÌ?me mis au point par Sharp est baseÌ? sur le langage Java et compatible avce les engins Palm.
+PARIS
+Une maladresse qui se transforme en beÌ?tise
+Elles remporteÌ?rent un tel succeÌ?s qu'elles sont devenues une speÌ?cialiteÌ? qui a largement deÌ?bordeÌ? par sa notorieÌ?teÌ? les limites de la Flandre française. Cependant, le nom de "BeÌ?tises" de Cambrai n'apparaissent pour la premieÌ?re fois qu'en 1929.
+En 1992, les beÌ?tises ont eÌ?teÌ? ceÌ?deÌ?es aÌ? l'espagnol Chupa Chups, l'inventeur de la sucette ronde.
+LOUVAIN Les cigarettes Belga font deÌ?sormais partie du groupe British American Tobacco, aÌ? l'instar des marques Lucky Strike, Dunhill, Winfield, ou encore Richmond, Boule d'Or... Mais saviez-vous que, comme l'indique d'ailleurs leur nom, les Belga ont vu le jour dans le 'plat pays'? A Louvain plus preÌ?ciseÌ?ment, ouÌ? un cultivateur deÌ?nommeÌ? Jean-Baptiste Vander Elst avait preÌ?feÌ?reÌ? faire pousser du tabac plutoÌ?t que du bleÌ?. Dans le but de commercialiser la production familiale, son fils Henri deÌ?cida d'ouvrir des magasins, eÌ?tablis un peu partout dans le pays, ouÌ? on pouvait se procurer toutes sortes de produits: cigares, tabac aÌ? chiquer ou aÌ? priser, tabac pour bourrer les pipes....
+Air France mise sur les ventes en ligne
+Grand'MeÌ?re fait du cafeÌ?... et des affaires
+Le 'papa' de Grand'MeÌ?re -si l'on peut dire!- se nomme ReneÌ? Monnier et eÌ?tait aÌ? l'origine vendeur de biscuits sur les marcheÌ?s de Lille-Roubaix-Tourcoing, dans le nord de la France. En 1965, il deÌ?cide de proposer du cafeÌ? aÌ? ses clients. Petite astuce de vente: sous leurs yeux, il preÌ?leÌ?ve le cafeÌ? directement dans un grand sac de livraison et leur sert la quantiteÌ? deÌ?sireÌ?e. Le succeÌ?s est tel qu'il deÌ?cide de donner un nom particulier aÌ? son cafeÌ?: ce sera "Grand'MeÌ?re", un nom qui eÌ?voque aÌ? la fois les souvenirs d'enfance et la perpeÌ?tuation d'un savoir-faire. ReneÌ? Monnier ne s'arreÌ?tera pas en si bon chemin et lancera, en 1978, le cafeÌ? Carte noire.
+Des GSM façon 'Star Wars'
+Renault preÌ?sente sa nouvelle Thalia aÌ? l'Europe centrale
+Sprite surfe sur le Web
+Les magasins Di se relookent
+Le museÌ?e Orangina sur le Web
+Atlas teste les 'bannieÌ?res-formulaires'
+Les bulles magiques
+Les magasins 'Inno' deviennent 'Galeria Inno'
+Les magasins 'Inno' se transformeront dans les cinq prochaines anneÌ?es en 'Galeria Inno'. Le premier 'department store' de la nouvelle enseigne s'est ouvert hier aÌ? Malines. L'offre de produits y sera eÌ?tendue notamment dans les secteurs des veÌ?tements de sport, de la bijouterie (avec un service apreÌ?s-vente) et des jouets, a expliqueÌ? Wim Houben, directeur du magasin. Le nouveau proprieÌ?taire d'Inno, l'allemand Kaufhof, a investi quelque Â? 3,47 millions sur le site malinois. Un changement qui, selon le directeur du magasin, devrait permettre une augmentation de 40% de son chiffre d'affaires. A terme, le groupe espeÌ?re que la modernisation de ses quinze magasins conduira aÌ? une augmentation de 8 aÌ? 10% de son chiffre d'affaires.
+Inno maintiendra neÌ?anmoins ses atouts en matieÌ?re de textile et de parfumerie. Des collections de veÌ?tements de sport, de bijoux de valeur et de montres trouveront eÌ?galement leur place dans les eÌ?talages des magasins.
+L'anneÌ?e dernieÌ?re, la chaiÌ?ne de magasins Inno, appartenant alors au groupe GIB, avait eÌ?teÌ? reprise par l'allemand Kaufhof. La socieÌ?teÌ? emploie quelque 30.000 personnes et affiche un chiffre d'affaires d'environ Â? 4 milliards. En Allemagne, Kaufhof compte 78 'Galeria Departement Stores'.
+Texte a eÌ?teÌ? copieÌ? par ANNE-SOPHIE CHEVALIER aÌ? 25/03/2002 14:16
+NEW YORK 25/03
+Les candidates au concours "Les femmes d'Enron" devront envoyer une photo les montrant veÌ?tues d'un maillot de bain deux pieÌ?ces et un portrait, preÌ?cise le magazine dans un communiqueÌ?.
+Des milliers d'employeÌ?s d'Enron ont eÌ?teÌ? licencieÌ?s aÌ? la suite de la mise en redressement judiciaire de l'entreprise, dont la chute est l'une des plus spectaculaires de l'histoire eÌ?conomique des Etats-Unis.
+Nike, les chaussures de sport aÌ? l'aise dans la rue
+Il a fallu la rencontre de deux sportifs pour faire descendre la chaussure de sport dans la rue. De la deÌ?esse au pied aileÌ? aÌ? la chaussure treÌ?s lucrative, une histoire de mode qui plaiÌ?t aux jeunes. Aujourd'hui mondialement connu via les fameux basketteurs de la 'dream team' qui ne jurent que par elle, Nike eÌ?tait autrefois la deÌ?esse grecque de la victoire. On peut d'ailleurs encore trouver en GreÌ?ce nombre de ses statues aileÌ?es.
+En 1958, la rencontre de deux sportifs, Phil Knight et William Bowermann fit naiÌ?tre l'aventure de Nike qui deÌ?buta aÌ? EugeÌ?ne dans l'Oregon, capitale de l'athleÌ?tisme.
+Mais ce n'est que deÌ?s 1972 que l'on vit les premieÌ?res Nike -'naiÌ?ki' pour les intimes- aux pieds des jeunes. Un nom qui devait rester graveÌ? puisque l'entreprise des deux sportifs le prit pour nom en 1978.
+Breizh Cola, bieÌ?res, whisky: boissons aÌ? la mode bretonne
+Le Breizh Cola, petit freÌ?re breton du Coca-Cola, vient d'eÌ?tre lanceÌ? sur le marcheÌ?, un clin d'oeil humoristique dans la micro-industrie des boissons universelles deÌ?clineÌ?es aÌ? la mode bretonne. FabriqueÌ?e par une petite PME limonadieÌ?re de Brest, elle vise surtout aÌ? promouvoir une seÌ?rie de nouvelles boissons non alcooliseÌ?es, sur lesquelles 'Phare Ouest', SARL creÌ?eÌ?e deÌ?but 2002, garde le secret.
+Cinq ans plus tard, Lancelot fabriquait sa Cervoise, une bieÌ?re ambreÌ?e parfumeÌ?e au miel et aux plantes. Aujourd'hui aÌ? Roc Saint AndreÌ? (Morbihan), Lancelot a consideÌ?rablement eÌ?largi sa palette de bieÌ?res proches des bieÌ?res belges: Telenn Du (harpe noire), bieÌ?re au sarazin, Duchesse Anne, en hommage aÌ? Anne de Bretagne, Blanche Hermine ou Nuit de Samhain (nouvel an celte). Avec une production de 6.000 hectolitres de bieÌ?re par an, elle emploie dix salarieÌ?s et a reÌ?aliseÌ? un chiffre d'affaire de Â? 1,37 million en 2001.
+CommercialiseÌ?s sous l'eÌ?tiquette 'whisky breton' orneÌ?e de triskells noirs et blancs aux couleurs de la Bretagne, ces alcools, distilleÌ?s dans de vieux alambics en cuivre, permettent aÌ? Warenghem de reÌ?aliser 50% de ses Â? 2,13 millions de chiffre d'affaires annuel.
+Bahlsen, un biscuit qui eÌ?volue de peÌ?re en fils
+Un acheteur de sucre fonde sa propre biscuiterie et introduit en Allemagne la vente de biscuits industriels. Fort de son succeÌ?s, Hermann Bahlsen a pu se permettre d'eÌ?tre preÌ?curseur tant au point de vue social que technologique.
+Bahlsen se mit alors en queÌ?te d'un logo unique et reconnaissable partout. En 1904, apparut, sur les paquets, le logo qui existe toujours aujourd'hui: un symbole hieroglyphique signifiant 'qui dure toujours'. Il s'agit d'un ovale contenant un serpent, un demi cercle et trois points, symbole qui se prononce 'TET' comme eÌ?crit au dessus du dessin. Depuis la creÌ?ation de l'entreprise, le nom de Bahlsen fut synonyme de bien-eÌ?tre social. En 1912, les employeÌ?s pouvaient prendre, une fois par semaine, un bain aÌ? l'usine. L'entreprise posseÌ?dait sa propre bibliotheÌ?que, une salle de musique et un jardin sur le toit ouÌ? les employeÌ?s pouvaient se relaxer. Hermann Bahlsen fut eÌ?galement un pionnier en introduisant, en 1905, la premieÌ?re chaiÌ?ne de production d'Europe. ApreÌ?s sa mort, en 1919, ses fils, puis ses petits-fils, poursuivirent le deÌ?veloppement de la compagnie.
+ Troc International, chaiÌ?ne europeÌ?enne de deÌ?poÌ?t-vente, posseÌ?dait deÌ?jaÌ? 140 magasins dont 25 en Belgique et au Luxembourg. Elle eÌ?tend deÌ?sormais son rayon d'action en ouvrant un site Internet. Sur ce site, il est possible d'inscrire les objets que vous deÌ?sirez vendre, de passer une petite annonce en ligne, de trouver l'objet dont vous reÌ?vez graÌ?ce aÌ? un module de recherche, de faire estimer un objet,... Des encheÌ?res en lignes permettent eÌ?galement la vente d'articles rares ou d'exception. En outre, Troc Magazine dispense des conseils de deÌ?coration et informe sur tout ce qui touche au troc.
+ANKARA Le geÌ?ant du tabac Phillip Morris a accepteÌ? de modifier l'image de mosqueÌ?e figurant sur les emballages de ses paquets de cigarettes Chesterfield vendus en Turquie. L'image avait susciteÌ? la deÌ?sapprobation de la direction des Affaires religieuses.
+Selon l'agence de presse turque, la direction des Affaires religieuses avait envoyeÌ? le mois passeÌ? une lettre aÌ? Philsa, dans laquelle elle exprimait son inquieÌ?tude face aÌ? la mauvaise utilisation de l'image d'une mosqueÌ?e.
+ Bien eÌ?videmment , le rhum doit eÌ?tre consommeÌ? avec la plus grande modeÌ?ration. Il n'en reste pas moins qu'il constitue l'un des ingreÌ?dients de base de nombreux cocktails, et qu'il est en quelque sorte une icoÌ?ne de l'ambiance nonchalante et ensoleilleÌ?e de Cuba et des iÌ?les aux alentours. C'est ce qu'a treÌ?s bien compris la marque Havana Club qui propose un site avec animation flash aÌ? la gloire de son spirituel breuvage. Au programe, les diffeÌ?rents aroÌ?mes, l'historique, les secrets de fabrication et une dizaine de recettes de cocktails. Mais l'inteÌ?reÌ?t du site reÌ?side dans cette deÌ?ambulation aÌ? travers le cafeÌ? Lounge, le Comptoir, le cocktail bar et autre plage pour y deÌ?couvrir toutes les facettes de la production. Une excellente façon de vendre l'image d'un produit.
+LONDRES Selon le 'Financial Timaes', le fabricant de boissons rafraiÌ?chissantes Coca Cola est en train d'eÌ?tudier une version au gouÌ?t vanille de son ceÌ?leÌ?bre soda. L'ideÌ?e de Coca Cola est d'inteÌ?grer ce gouÌ?t vanille au gouÌ?t initial de sa populaire boisson. Le 'Coke-vanille' sera lanceÌ? dans les prochains mois, indique eÌ?galement un autre journal britannique. La firme demeure geÌ?neÌ?ralement heÌ?sitant aÌ? produire un nouveau Coca, mais son chiffre d'affaires est en baisse (environ 2% de moins en 2001) et invite la firme aÌ? innover. Le Coca Cola aÌ? la vanille ne devrait pas eÌ?tonner les consommateurs ameÌ?ricains, puisque outre-atlantique, il n'est pas rare d'ajouter une pointe de sirop de vanille aÌ? la boisson traditionnelle, histoire de varier le gouÌ?t.
+En 1910, le commerçant ameÌ?ricain Frederick Whitney Horn fonde au Japon la 'Nippon Columbia Corporation' afin de superviser la vente des disques pour gramophone construits dans son usine de Yokohama. Le label se deÌ?veloppa avec le succeÌ?s de l'industrie du disque dans les anneÌ?es '20 et '30, et apreÌ?s la guerre, la Nippon Columbia fusionna avec la compagnie Denki Onkyo, d'ouÌ? le nom de Den-on. Rapidement la nouvelle compagnie se lance dans la production d'eÌ?quipement audiovisuel, notamment pour l'usage professionnel. ApreÌ?s avoir lanceÌ? le premier enregistreur digital aÌ? 8 pistes en 1972, Denon introduit, dix ans plus tard, le premier lecteur CD aÌ? usage priveÌ? sur le marcheÌ?. Cet eÌ?veÌ?nement amplifia le caracteÌ?re haut de gamme de Denon. Aujourd'hui, les chaiÌ?nes hi-fi Denon sont parmi les plus prestigieuses du monde, notamment graÌ?ce aÌ? leur design et aÌ? leur espeÌ?rance de vie.
+De l'arthrite de Kenneth Jacuzzi aÌ? la naissance d'un bain mondialement connu, une histoire pleine en rebondissements qui a deÌ?buteÌ? avec un certain Giuseppe et ses fameuses heÌ?lices d'avion.
+A Berkeley, en Californie, il monte une usine avec ses fils et se consacre aÌ? la fabrication d'heÌ?lices d'avions. La qualiteÌ? fournie eÌ?tait tellement bonne que la famille Jacuzzi a eÌ?teÌ? ameneÌ?e aÌ? fournir aÌ? l'armeÌ?e de l'air ameÌ?ricaine, quand les Etats-Unis ont eÌ?teÌ? impliqueÌ?s dans la guerre en 1917. Plus tard, cela s'est aveÌ?reÌ? eÌ?tre la base de leur fortune. ApreÌ?s la guerre, les Jacuzzi ont meÌ?me essayeÌ? de lancer leur propre avion sur le marcheÌ?: un monoplan aÌ? cockpit fermeÌ?. Quand un des membres de la famille s'est tueÌ? en 1921, lors d'un vol d'essai, les Jacuzzi se sont reÌ?solument reconvertis vers la production de filtres aÌ? vin et de pompes d'irrigation pour l'agriculture. Une photo datant de 1938 montre les freÌ?res Candido, Gelindo, Giuseppe, Franco et Valeriano posant fieÌ?rement derrieÌ?re cinq de leurs pompes particulieÌ?res.
+Plus tard, il a aussi fabriqueÌ? un modeÌ?le portable, dont ont beÌ?neÌ?ficieÌ? non seulement les malades, mais aussi beaucoup de sportifs. Pendant les anneÌ?es 50, Hollywood a connu un engouement exceptionnel pour tout ce qui eÌ?tait santeÌ? et condition physique. Le 'portable' de Candido Jacuzzi eÌ?tait vraiment treÌ?s connu dans la haute socieÌ?teÌ?. L'actrice Jayne Mansfield deÌ?clarait aÌ? tout le monde que la pompe theÌ?rapeutique de Jacuzzi eÌ?tait formidable, ce qui a entraiÌ?neÌ? une vague de nouvelles ventes. Mais pour Jacuzzi, la pompe eÌ?tait toujours un produit secondaire, aÌ? coÌ?teÌ? du travail plus seÌ?rieux.
+La veÌ?ritable perceÌ?e n'a suivi qu'en 1968, quand Roy, un Jacuzzi de la troisieÌ?me geÌ?neÌ?ration et aÌ?geÌ? de 24 ans, eut l'ideÌ?e d'enlever le 'moteur hors-bord' et de l'installer dehors, contre un mur. Par quatre tuyaux, il injecta l'eau et les bulles d'air dans la baignoire: la naissance du veÌ?ritable jet d'eau Jacuzzi. Les oncles de Roy, deÌ?jaÌ? aÌ?geÌ?s, ne croyaient pas au succeÌ?s du nouveau systeÌ?me. Plus tard, Roy a avoueÌ? qu'il ne s'eÌ?tait pas du tout attendu aÌ? reÌ?colter un tel succeÌ?s. Il a preÌ?senteÌ? son premier modeÌ?le en 1968, lors d'une foire commerciale aÌ? Orange County, en Californie. Orange County n'eÌ?tait pas par hasard le district le plus riche des Etats-Unis. ImmeÌ?diatement, le public a treÌ?s bien accueilli ce qui, aÌ? l'eÌ?poque, s'appelait encore 'Roman bath', un bain romain. Le prix eÌ?tait de 700 dollars. En 1970, on a vu le lancement du type Adonis, destineÌ? aÌ? deux personnes. En 1974, le PreÌ?sident des Etats-Unis Gerald Ford
faisait installer un jacuzzi aÌ? la Maison Blanche - entre-temps il y en a quatre -, le signal pour l'Est des Etats-Unis de participer aÌ? la nouvelle mode.
+En 1969, Candido, l'inventeur du Jacuzzi portable, a eÌ?teÌ? accuseÌ? de cinq cas de fraude fiscale. Il a quitteÌ? le pays et s'est installeÌ? en Italie. A un aÌ?ge deÌ?jaÌ? assez avanceÌ?, il a pu retourner aux Etats-Unis, ouÌ? il est deÌ?ceÌ?deÌ? en 1986, en Arizona. Le journal britannique lui consacra un article ouÌ? l'on apprit qu'il avait, avec succeÌ?s, produit du vin italien et qu'il avait aussi conçu un nouveau modeÌ?le de monokini. A la fin de sa vie, Candido a vu surgir les difficulteÌ?s et les disputes au sein de la grande famille Jacuzzi. En 1979, Jacuzzi Brothers a eÌ?teÌ? vendue.
+Jacuzzi Inc. n'a qu'un seul gros probleÌ?me. De plus en plus, les mots whirlpool, bain aÌ? remous, bain bouillonnant, sont remplaceÌ?s par le mot jacuzzi. La firme a deÌ?jaÌ? investi beaucoup d'argent et de temps pour proteÌ?ger son nom de marque et pour eÌ?viter que la concurrence puisse parler d''un jacuzzi'. Peu aÌ? peu, le nom de marque devient un terme geÌ?neÌ?rique qui se glisse dans les dictionnaires. La rançon du succeÌ?s.
+ Selon des statistiques que vient de publier le Conseil Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bordeaux (CIVB), la Belgique a importeÌ? 268.500 hectolitres de vin rouge et roseÌ? bordelais en 2001, soit 4% de plus qu'en 2000. En revanche, l'importation de vin blanc, preÌ?ceÌ?demment en progression, a reculeÌ? de 7% avec 76.500 hectolitres en 2001. Au niveau mondial, la Belgique se classe ainsi, en volume, deuxieÌ?me importatrice de vin bordelais, derrieÌ?re l'Allemagne (425.000 hectolitres) mais devant le Royaume-Uni (335.000) et les Pays-Bas (177.000). Plus de 16% des exportations bordelaises prennent ainsi la route de la Belgique. La place importante occupeÌ?e dans les importations belges par les vins moins couÌ?teux d'appellation d'origine controÌ?leÌ?e 'Bordeaux' et 'Bordeaux supeÌ?rieur' ne place toutefois la Belgique qu'en 4e place, lorsqu'on traduit les volumes en valeur financieÌ?re. Toujours selon le bilan publieÌ? par le CIVB, 71% des adultes deÌ?clarent consommer du vin e
n Belgique et la consommation annuelle par habitant atteint 25 litres.
+Lesieur, ça baigne dans l'huile
+Une vingtaine d'anneÌ?es plus tard, en 1908, il quitte cette entreprise pour creÌ?er sa propre affaire avec ses trois fils, ainsi que des anciens collaborateurs de la socieÌ?teÌ? Desmarais. Il choisit alors une commune proche de Dunkerque, dans le Nord de la France, pour construire son usine. Durant leurs premieÌ?res anneÌ?es d'activiteÌ?, les 'Huileries Georges Lesieur' produisent essentiellement de l'huile d'arachide. Pour l'anecdote, sachez qu'aÌ? l'eÌ?poque, il n'eÌ?tait pas question d'acheter sa bouteille d'huile chez l'eÌ?picier. Ce preÌ?cieux liquide se vendait au tonneau et on se rendait chez le deÌ?taillant en apportant son propre reÌ?cipient.
+Lesieur, qui exporte deÌ?sormais ses produits dans plus de 70 pays, fait partie du groupe Cereol, lui-meÌ?me membre du groupe Eridania Beghin-Say.
+TOKYO La socieÌ?teÌ? Matsushita, qui l'an dernier a duÌ? ceÌ?der sa premieÌ?re place sur le marcheÌ? des teÌ?leÌ?phones mobiles, a l'intention de lancer un modeÌ?le ultra-fin au mois de mai prochain. Matsushita, qui fabrique les Panasonic, espeÌ?re ainsi faire un retour en force. Son GSM 'plus fin que fin', baptiseÌ? P504i, aura une eÌ?paisseur de moins de 19 mm quand il sera replieÌ?. Selon ses concepteurs, le P504i donnera acceÌ?s au service i-mode lanceÌ? par NTT DoCoMo et posseÌ?dera en outre un eÌ?cran couleur "eÌ?tonnament grand".
+Adolf Dassler est neÌ? en 1900 aÌ? Herzogenaurach, une ville situeÌ?e dans le nord de la BavieÌ?re. Dans toute l'Allemagne, la ville eÌ?tait connue pour sa production de pantoufles en feutre. La plus grande usine comptait 700 ouvriers. Un de ces ouvriers eÌ?tait Christoph Dassler, le peÌ?re d'Adolf. Un des fils de Christoph Dassler avait deÌ?jaÌ? appris le meÌ?tier de cordonnier. Le peÌ?re d'Adolf avait choisi pour son fils l'apprentissage de boulanger. D'apreÌ?s ce que raconte la famille, Adolf devait tous les jours, et ce, deÌ?s l'aÌ?ge de 15 ans, commencer aÌ? deux heures et quart du matin. Il travaillait reÌ?gulieÌ?rement 18 heures par jour. Cette histoire est peut-eÌ?tre exageÌ?reÌ?e, mais les journeÌ?es de travail ne devaient quand meÌ?me pas eÌ?tre amusantes pour un garçon de son aÌ?ge. Sa meÌ?re travaillait comme lavandieÌ?re. ApreÌ?s leur journeÌ?e de travail, ses fils devaient encore l'aider aÌ? rapporter le linge laveÌ? aux clients.
+En octobre 1917, il fut enroÌ?leÌ? dans l'armeÌ?e allemande et envoyeÌ? au front de l'Yser, en Belgique. Quand il retrouva Herzogenaurach deux ans plus tard, il ne voulut plus entendre parler du meÌ?tier de boulanger. Il voulait tout simplement fabriquer des chaussures, comme presque tout le monde dans la petite ville. En 1920, il commença dans la pieÌ?ce ouÌ? sa meÌ?re lavait le linge, une pieÌ?ce qui faisait aÌ? peine 20 meÌ?tres carreÌ?s.
+Les ventes progressaient, tout comme les beÌ?neÌ?fices d'ailleurs, et les Dassler engageÌ?rent 12 ouvriers. En 1928, l'anneÌ?e des Jeux Olympiques d'Amsterdam, 8.000 paires de chaussures de football et de course aÌ? pied sortirent des ateliers des freÌ?res Dassler. Adolf avait reÌ?ussi aÌ? reÌ?duire le poids d'une chaussure de course aÌ? pied aÌ? 153 grammes, une sensation aÌ? cette eÌ?poque. La moitieÌ? des athleÌ?tes allemands, repreÌ?sentant leur pays aÌ? Amsterdam, portaient ses chaussures.
+A l'approche des Jeux Olympiques de Berlin en 1936, Adolf travaillait de cinq heures du matin aÌ? dix heures du soir au deÌ?veloppement de nouveaux types de chaussures. Berlin 1936 devait couÌ?te que couÌ?te eÌ?tre synonyme de la grande perceÌ?e de la marque 'Dassler'. L'athleÌ?te noir ameÌ?ricain Jesse Owens venait de battre plusieurs records du monde. Adolf voulait absolument que l'AmeÌ?ricain court aÌ? Berlin avec des chaussures Dassler. Son entourage, inquiet, se demanda comment Hitler reÌ?agirait au fait qu'il aidait un neÌ?gre aÌ? reÌ?aliser de meilleurs reÌ?sultats. Sa seule reÌ?ponse fut: "Le sport est ma politique". Il confectionna pour Owens des chaussures de sprint en cuir treÌ?s leÌ?ger, de couleur brune, munies de 6 pointes, et dont seulement le bout et le talon eÌ?taient leÌ?geÌ?rement renforceÌ?s. Les pieds ressentaient ces chaussures comme une deuxieÌ?me peau et Owens eÌ?tait enchanteÌ?. En un jour, Owens gagna quatre meÌ?dailles d'or (les 100 et 200 meÌ?tres
, le saut en longueur et le relais 4x100 meÌ?tres) en portant les chaussures de cet autre Adolf.
+Ce sont probablement la haine profonde et la rivaliteÌ? illimiteÌ?e qui seÌ?virent entre les deux freÌ?res, qui furent la base du succeÌ?s incroyable que connurent les deux entreprises. Au sommet de sa production, au milieu des anneÌ?es 80, Adidas employait 40.000 personnes qui produisaient tous les jours 280.000 chaussures de sport. Au meÌ?me moment, Puma comptait 15.000 salarieÌ?s et produisait quotidiennement 200.000 chaussures.
+ au:Marcel Grauls
+NEW DELHI Electrolux vient de lancer en Inde, Washy Talky, la premieÌ?re machine aÌ? laver parlante. Selon la firme, Washy Talky explique aÌ? l'utilisateur comment parvenir aÌ? la lessive parfaite. Elle donne, par exemple, la consigne suivante: "Versez le deÌ?tergent, fermez et relaxez-vous". En cas de probleÌ?me pendant le lavage, la machine alerte l'utilisateur et lui suggeÌ?re la marche aÌ? suivre. Le concept est deÌ?veloppeÌ? en Inde et est pourvu d'un ordinateur qui sent le poid du linge, deÌ?cide du meilleur programme, du niveau d'eau neÌ?cessaire, du temps de lavage. De plus, peut-eÌ?tre pour qu'on entende mieux le son de sa voix, elle est conçue pour faire le moins de bruit possible. Dernier deÌ?tail, d'apreÌ?s Electrolux, elle parle avec une "voix feÌ?minine suave aÌ? l'accent de classe moyenne indienne", en Anglais et en Hindi.
+BIRMINGHAM
+Quand John Cadbury ouvre en 1824 sa boutique de theÌ?s et cafeÌ?s aÌ? Birmingham, on boit le chocolat mais on ne le mange pas encore. En 1931, sa petite entreprise se transforme et il devient fabriquant de chocolat aÌ? boire et de cacao. Le commerce prospeÌ?rant, John prend son freÌ?re comme associeÌ? et l'entreprise devient 'Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham'.
+En 1919, Cadbury Brothers Limited fusionne avec J. S. Fry & Sons de Bristol et en 1964, elle prend position sur le marcheÌ? de la confection de confiserie en acquieÌ?rant Pascall Murray. Pendant plus de 100 ans l'entreprise eÌ?tait resteÌ?e une affaire familiale. Dans les anneÌ?es 60, la structure fut reÌ?organiseÌ?e et depuis 1969, Cadbury fait partie du groupe Schweppes.
+En quelques instants, on trouve sur Internet toute une seÌ?rie de sites sur Nutella -avec par exemple d'innombrables recettes-, sur les Â?ufs en chocolat Kinder et les collections de figurines, ou sur les spots publicitaires des chocolats Ferrero Rocher. Il est cependant beaucoup plus compliqueÌ? de rassembler des informations sur Michele Ferrero, l'homme qui deÌ?tient 91% du groupe Ferrero, le troisieÌ?me chocolatier mondial, apreÌ?s NestleÌ? et Mars.
+Ferrero est neÌ? en 1925 aÌ? Alba, petite ville du PieÌ?mont, ouÌ? ses parents exploitaient une paÌ?tisserie-confiserie. Alba est situeÌ?e en reÌ?gion viticole: 760 ha de superficie habiteÌ?e et 430 ha de vignobles. Mais aÌ? Alba, on aime aussi bien manger. La ville est renommeÌ?e pour sa truffe blanche, en italien 'tartufo bianco'. Dans les anneÌ?es 20, les parents de Michele, Piera et Pietro, ont ouvert un commerce aÌ? Alba. Tandis que Piera s'occupait du bar et de la confiserie, Pietro faisait des expeÌ?riences dans la cuisine. Pendant la guerre, il a inventeÌ? une variante du 'Giandujot', une speÌ?cialiteÌ? locale de dessert, aÌ? base de noisettes grilleÌ?es et broyeÌ?es, et de cacao. Faute de cacao et de beurre de cacao, il a utiliseÌ? de la graisse veÌ?geÌ?tale, en y ajoutant plus de noisettes, puisqu'elles eÌ?taient disponibles et peu cheÌ?res. La paÌ?te aÌ? tartiner Nutella, un nom qui ne lui a eÌ?teÌ? donneÌ? qu'en 1964, eÌ?tait neÌ?e.
+ tt:Une cerise enrobeÌ?e de chocolat
+Michele savait comment deÌ?leÌ?guer certaines taÌ?ches tout en maintenant le caracteÌ?re d'une entreprise familiale. Il mettait au travail toute sa famille et parachutait des Italiens, de preÌ?feÌ?rence originaires du PieÌ?mont, dans toutes les fonctions importantes. On raconte que le 'signore Ferrero' ne parlait que l'italien avec le personnel ainsi qu'avec d'autres partenaires et qu'il lui arrivait de parler le dialecte pieÌ?montais quand il intervenait dans des reÌ?unions d'entreprise. Partout, et aÌ? n'importe quel moment, on peut le voir surgir. Rien ne quitte son entreprise sans qu'il l'ait gouÌ?teÌ? lui-meÌ?me ou sans qu'il l'ait fait gouÌ?ter aÌ? beaucoup d'autres.
+Michele s'est marieÌ? en 1962, aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 37 ans, avec sa secreÌ?taire Maria Franca. Ils ont eu deux fils. En 1975, ils se sont installeÌ?s aÌ? Rhode-Saint-GeneÌ?se, pas loin de Bruxelles. Le fisc italien s'est demandeÌ? si Michele avait pris cette deÌ?cision pour des raisons fiscales. Michele avait d'autres raisons. D'une part, il voulait se trouver proche d'autres pays, et de ce point de vue-laÌ?, la Belgique dispose bien suÌ?r d'une situation privileÌ?gieÌ?e. D'autre part, il se faisait des soucis au sujet de la seÌ?curiteÌ? de sa famille. L'Italie des anneÌ?es 70 a en effet connu toute une seÌ?rie d'enleÌ?vements spectaculaires.
+Il vecchio, le vieux, a obligeÌ? ses fils Giovanni et Pietro aÌ? gravir tous les eÌ?chelons, tout en leur faisant suivre des eÌ?tudes universitaires aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. Giovanni s'est speÌ?cialiseÌ? dans le marketing, tout comme son oncle, qui portait le meÌ?me nom. Pietro est devenu, comme son grand-peÌ?re, le speÌ?cialiste du gouÌ?t. Il est docteur en chimie. Depuis 1998, il fait aussi partie du conseil d'administration de la puissante banque d'affaires Mediobanca, qui compte Ferrero comme grand actionnaire. Ainsi, Pietro est devenu le plus jeune membre du conseil d'administration que la banque ait jamais connu.
+Michele a une sorte de meÌ?pris pour tout ce qui est mondain ou synonyme de perte de temps. Lors d'une rare interview, son fils Giovanni s'est confieÌ? aÌ? un journaliste de la revue eÌ?conomique Capital: "Nous sommes assez attacheÌ?s aux valeurs typiquement eÌ?thiques et religieuses de la culture pieÌ?montaise et janseÌ?niste. Si nous travaillons en silence, ce n'est pas seulement parce que c'est neÌ?cessaire, mais surtout parce que nous suivons ainsi notre vocation". Michele est un personnage mysteÌ?rieux, inconnu et pourtant partout preÌ?sent. Plusieurs histoires un peu bizarres sont raconteÌ?es aÌ? son sujet. C'est un peu comme son colleÌ?gue chocolatier Forrest Mars, dont on raconte qu'il invite, une fois tous les trois ans, tous les membres du personnel aÌ? participer aÌ? un peÌ?lerinage aÌ? Lourdes.
+Emile Jellinek
+Imaginez-vous que vous faites partie de la socieÌ?teÌ? Daimler et que vous fabriquez aÌ? la fin du 19eÌ?me sieÌ?cle les premieÌ?res automobiles aÌ? Cannstatt, preÌ?s de Stuttgart en Allemagne. Vous avez un agent en France, qui, pendant dix ans, vous traite de tous les noms: "Vous eÌ?tes tous des imbeÌ?ciles", "Votre chariot aÌ? fumier est un eÌ?chec, comme je l'avais preÌ?vu", "Vos ingeÌ?nieurs sont bons pour la maison de fous", "Vous eÌ?tes tous des incapables", "Vous fabriquez de la camelote" ou encore "Votre ingeÌ?nieur en chef est un vieillard deÌ?creÌ?pit". Un jour, cet agent est plus poli et vous demande: "Ce n'est pas l'automobile d'aujourd'hui ou de demain que je veux, mais celle d'apreÌ?s-demain!" Cet agent 'français' de Daimler s'appelle Emile Jellinek.
+Sa famille l'envoya alors aÌ? Tanger, comme aide du consul autrichien. Il s'y maria, travailla comme agent commercial et ouvrit un commerce de tabac aÌ? Oran. Un emploi pour une socieÌ?teÌ? d'assurance française en AlgeÌ?rie lui rapporta beaucoup d'argent. Plus tard, il fonda une filiale de cette meÌ?me socieÌ?teÌ? aÌ? Vienne. ApreÌ?s ses aventures en Afrique du Nord, il trouva l'hiver viennois bien trop froid et passa la saison aÌ? Nice. En eÌ?teÌ?, il se promenait aÌ? Vienne avec un casque colonial sur la teÌ?te. A Nice, il donnait l'impression d'eÌ?tre Anglais en laissant pousser ses favoris et en portant des costumes typiquement britanniques. On l'y appelait d'ailleurs 'le fol Anglais'.
+ tt:Encouragements grossiers
+Les constructeurs, y compris Daimler, ne savaient pas comment reÌ?agir. Jellinek teÌ?leÌ?graphia: "Je vous entends d'ici, dire que c'est infaisable. Mais essayez quand meÌ?me de trouver une solution, et surtout, ne remettez pas aÌ? demain ce que vous pouvez encore faire aujourd'hui!" DeÌ?s ce moment-laÌ?, il n'arreÌ?ta pas d'envoyer aÌ? Cannstatt des 'encouragements', les uns encore plus grossiers que les autres. Daimler et Jellinek visaient le meÌ?me objectif, mais le speÌ?cialiste n'avait pas un horizon aussi eÌ?loigneÌ? que le dilettante. Guy Jellinek: "Daimler envisageait une certaine prospeÌ?riteÌ?, mon peÌ?re recherchait la fortune et la ceÌ?leÌ?briteÌ?."
+Jellinek obtint l'exclusiviteÌ? pour les ventes en France, en Autriche, en Hongrie, en Belgique et aux Etats-Unis. Le contrat stipulait aussi qu'il faudrait donner une nouvelle forme au moteur, que celui-ci porterait le nom de 'Daimler-Mercedes' et que seules les commandes du ministeÌ?re allemand de la guerre auraient la prioriteÌ? sur celles de la socieÌ?teÌ? Jellinek. Emile plaça immeÌ?diatement une commande de 36 automobiles pour un montant de 550.000 marks-or. DeÌ?but 1901, son reÌ?ve, sa premieÌ?re veÌ?ritable Mercedes, arrivait en gare de Nice. Guy Jellinek: "Mon peÌ?re embrassa la voiture, il la palpa de tous les coÌ?teÌ?s comme s'il craignait qu'elle disparaisse comme un mirage."
+A Cannstatt, on essaya de se deÌ?faire du nom eÌ?trange qu'eÌ?tait 'Mercedes'. Emile Jellinek: "Le preÌ?nom de ma fille a plusieurs qualiteÌ?s en matieÌ?re de propagande, des avantages qui disparaiÌ?traient si vous changiez de nom. Ce nom est en meÌ?me temps exotique et attrayant. Il se prononce facilement et reÌ?sonne bien. Vous pouvez appeler vos voitures comme vous le voulez, les voitures que je vends, seront et resteront des Mercedes."
+ tt:Un espion allemand?
+ApreÌ?s 14 ans de mariage, la jeune Mercedes quitta en 1923 son baron Schlosser et ses deux enfants, et s'en alla rejoindre le baron sculpteur Weigl. Celui-ci mourut peu apreÌ?s. Six ans plus tard, le 23 feÌ?vrier 1929, Mercedes Jellinek mourut des suites d'une longue maladie dans un modeste appartement aÌ? Vienne. Elle n'avait meÌ?me pas 40 ans. Selon ses derniers souhaits, elle fut incineÌ?reÌ?e et l'urne contenant ses cendres fut placeÌ?e dans le caveau familial au cimetieÌ?re central de Vienne. Le fait qu'une automobile treÌ?s particulieÌ?re portait son nom ne l'avait jamais inteÌ?resseÌ?e. Emile Jellinek-Mercedes dut attendre 40 ans dans un cimetieÌ?re de GeneÌ?ve avant de retrouver sa place dans le caveau de famille situeÌ? au cimetieÌ?re catholique de Nice.
+ au:Marcel Grauls
+FascineÌ? par l'odeur d'huile moteur deÌ?s son plus jeune aÌ?ge
+Peu avant sa mort, Soichiro racontait encore lors d'une interview qu'il eÌ?tait, deÌ?s son plus jeune aÌ?ge, fascineÌ? par l'odeur d'huile moteur. A la campagne, au Japon du deÌ?but du 20e sieÌ?cle, le seul moteur connu eÌ?tait celui d'une deÌ?cortiqueuse de riz. A l'aÌ?ge de deux ou trois ans, il convaincut son grand-peÌ?re d'aller explorer cette machine d'un peu plus preÌ?s. La 'deÌ?licieuse' odeur d'huile le rendait treÌ?s enthousiaste. Honda: "Le lendemain, j'ai quitteÌ? la maison pour me rendre une nouvelle fois preÌ?s de la machine. Je courais tellement vite que je suis tombeÌ? dans une rizieÌ?re. Si une jeune fermieÌ?re ne m'avait pas vu, je me serais noyeÌ?". Un jour en 1913, une voiture, une Ford T, s'arreÌ?ta dans son village suite aÌ? une fuite d'huile. Le jeune Soichiro, qui voyait pour la premieÌ?re fois une voiture, se pencha sur les taches d'huile, respira l'odeur comme un chien et s'enduisit les mains de la substance noire. "J'eÌ?tais en extase. A ce moment m
eÌ?me, je pris la deÌ?cision de construire, un jour, moi-meÌ?me des voitures".
+Soichiro Honda, neÌ? en 1906 et l'aiÌ?neÌ? de cinq enfants, eÌ?tait le fils du forgeron du village de Komyo. Celui-ci eÌ?tait supposeÌ? s'occuper des faux et des fers de charrue des fermiers des environs, mais il s'inteÌ?ressait aussi aux armes et aux bicyclettes. ApreÌ?s un certain temps, il s'est entieÌ?rement reconverti dans la vente et la reÌ?paration de veÌ?los. En 1921, aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 15 ans, Soichiro fut envoyeÌ? aÌ? Tokyo par son peÌ?re pour y apprendre le meÌ?tier chez un marchand de veÌ?los. Peu aÌ? peu, Soichiro deÌ?cide de se lancer dans les cyclomoteurs.
+Les segments de piston avaient du succeÌ?s, Toyota eÌ?tant un des gros clients. En 1941, Toyota a meÌ?me injecteÌ? de l'argent dans sa socieÌ?teÌ?. C'est dans le courant de cette meÌ?me anneÌ?e qu'il dut se reconvertir dans la fabrication de pieÌ?ces pour l'industrie de guerre. Il deÌ?veloppa une meilleure heÌ?lice pour le Zero, le plus ceÌ?leÌ?bre avion de la Marine impeÌ?riale japonaise durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Pour ses services rendus aÌ? l'Empereur, Honda reçut le titre de 'HeÌ?ros de l'industrie'. En 1945, il vendit son entreprise aÌ? Toyota pour un montant treÌ?s eÌ?leveÌ? et il se permit pendant un an de ne rien faire, ou presque. Il s'acheta d'abord un grand fuÌ?t et des cornues et commença aÌ? distiller du whisky pour lui-meÌ?me et ses amis. Ensuite, il voyagea durant des mois aÌ? travers le Japon, comme un moine errant, sans jamais oublier son shakuhachi, une fluÌ?te japonaise en bambou. ApreÌ?s les bombes atomiques, tombeÌ?es en 1945 sur le pays, le
deÌ?sarroi eÌ?tait grand. Honda ne cessa de reÌ?peÌ?ter une phrase de Bouddha: "Rien n'est important, continue ton chemin".
+Pour Soichiro, ce chemin ne pouvait mener que vers des moteurs. Fin 1946, il racheÌ?te pour presque rien 500 petits moteurs ayant servi pour des eÌ?metteurs de l'armeÌ?e. Il les fixe sur des veÌ?los. Les habitants des villes japonaises souffraient de faim et devaient effectuer de longs deÌ?placements aÌ? la campagne pour s'approvisionner. Le veÌ?lo muni d'un moteur fut un grand succeÌ?s. C'est alors que Honda rencontra Takeo Fujisawa, le geÌ?nie financier qui devint le compleÌ?ment financier parfait de l'ingeÌ?nieux Soichiro Honda. Fujisawa prit en charge tout ce qui concernait le marketing et le management et Honda continua aÌ? construire les 'machines' que tout le monde voulait posseÌ?der. Fin 1948, la premieÌ?re motocyclette, entieÌ?rement construite par Honda, fit son apparition sur le marcheÌ?: le ceÌ?leÌ?bre modeÌ?le 'Dream' type D, aÌ? moteur deux-temps. La machine faisait un bruit terrible et elle fut remplaceÌ?e en 1951 par le type E, aÌ? moteur quatre-temps. Parce
que la femme de Takeo Fujisawa trouvait que la motocyclette eÌ?tait trop lourde pour les dames, on vit apparaiÌ?tre en 1952 le type F, le modeÌ?le 'Cub', et ensuite la seÌ?rie 'Super Cub', qui a connu un succeÌ?s ineÌ?galeÌ?. Depuis lors, preÌ?s de 30 millions d'exemplaires ont eÌ?teÌ? vendus.
+A partir de 1962, ce fut le tour des automobiles Honda: Civic, Accord, PreÌ?lude, Legend. Toutes furent couronneÌ?es de succeÌ?s. En 1964, on vit sortir 600.000 voitures et motos des usines Honda.
+Jusqu'au 5 aouÌ?t 1991, le jour de sa mort, il eÌ?tait preÌ?sent au deÌ?partement 'recherche' de son entreprise ou il se trouvait aÌ? proximiteÌ? de l'un ou l'autre circuit motocycliste ou automobile, ouÌ? que ce soit dans le monde.
+Motorola joue la faciliteÌ?
+Benetton, graÌ?ce aux tricots
+Ingvar Kamprad (°1926)
+C'eÌ?tait en aouÌ?t 1998 dans la cafeÌ?teÌ?ria du magasin IKEA de Stockholm. Beaucoup de personnes ressentirent comme un moment inhabituel et un peu geÌ?nant cette confeÌ?rence de presse, organiseÌ?e par Ingvar Kamprad, fondateur d'IKEA. Pendant quarante ans , il avait reÌ?ussi aÌ? rester hors d'atteinte des meÌ?dias. On savait de lui qu'il eÌ?tait mysteÌ?rieux, mais dans la presse, on trouvait peu d'articles relatifs aÌ? sa personnaliteÌ?. Quatre ans plus toÌ?t, un scandale avait cependant eÌ?clateÌ? au sujet des sympathies nazies qu'Ingvar Kamprad avait eues pendant sa jeunesse. Et ce jour de 1998 parut la premieÌ?re biographie aÌ? laquelle il avait d'ailleurs collaboreÌ? lui-meÌ?me. Il ne portait pas de costume. A sa chemise en coton manquait un bouton. Il donnait la main aÌ? chaque journaliste comme s'il s'agissait d'un ami de longue date et il montrait aÌ? tout le monde son billet d'autobus pour que tout le monde sache comment il s'eÌ?tait deÌ?placeÌ? aÌ? cette reÌ?unio
n: "J'ai 72 ans et je beÌ?neÌ?ficie donc d'une reÌ?duction sur les transports en commun". C'eÌ?tait ce meÌ?me homme qui, un jour, avait obligeÌ? ses avocats de six nationaliteÌ?s diffeÌ?rentes aÌ? participer aÌ? un congreÌ?s de 48 heures afin d'obtenir une vue d'ensemble sur son empire financier, qui, il faut le reconnaiÌ?tre, n'eÌ?tait pas facile aÌ? deÌ?meÌ?ler. Et puis, il s'excusa une nouvelle fois pour les sympathies nazies qu'il avait eues 60 ans plus toÌ?t. Sans qu'on le lui demande, il s'excusa aussi de sa consommation exageÌ?reÌ?e d'alcool. C'est en faisant des affaires en Pologne que cela a commenceÌ?, expliqua-t-il, et il se renversa un verre sur la teÌ?te pour illustrer comment cela se faisait en Pologne. Cette photo du mysteÌ?rieux Ingvar Kamprad avec un verre renverseÌ? sur la teÌ?te, a fait le tour du monde.
+ tt:Une balle dans la teÌ?te
+ tt:Le roi des allumettes
+Quand il avait 5 ans, sa tante lui demanda un jour ce qu'il voudrait faire plus tard. Il reÌ?pondit immeÌ?diatement qu'il voulait devenir un second Kreuger. Kreuger eÌ?tait un SueÌ?dois, eÌ?galement d'origine allemande, qui posseÌ?dait aÌ? un certain moment 80% de la production mondiale d'allumettes et qui soutenait ainsi une grande partie de l'eÌ?conomie sueÌ?doise. Il mourut de façon mysteÌ?rieuse aÌ? Paris en 1932. Ce n'est donc pas par hasard que le petit Ingvar commença, aideÌ? de sa tante, son petit commerce d'allumettes. Sa tante se procura 100 boiÌ?tes d'allumettes pour 88 oÌ?re, tandis que lui les revendit aÌ? 2 ou 3 oÌ?re la boiÌ?te. Kamprad se rappelle, aujourd'hui encore, ce qu'il ressentait quand il avait du succeÌ?s: un sentiment formidable. Plus tard, il se mit aÌ? vendre des deÌ?corations de NoeÌ?l, des nappes, du poisson qu'il avait peÌ?cheÌ? lui-meÌ?me, des myrtilles, etc. A onze ans, son article principal eÌ?tait les graines de semences. A la ferme, il
apprit aÌ? traire les vaches et aÌ? tondre le gazon. Quand il se promenait dans les bois avec son peÌ?re, il eÌ?coutait tous les projets que celui-ci ne pouvait pas reÌ?aliser par manque d'argent. Ingvar: "Je me rappelle que je voulais l'aider: si j'avais suffisamment d'argent, je..."
+ tt:Des meubles pour un million de nouvelles habitations
+En 1964, le catalogue IKEA fut deÌ?jaÌ? envoyeÌ? aÌ? 800.000 familles sueÌ?doises. Un an plus tard, il ouvrit un supermarcheÌ? de l'ameublement et de l'eÌ?quipement de 46.000 meÌ?tres carreÌ?s dans la banlieue de Stockholm. Les premiers jours, le magasin fut pratiquement videÌ? par des milliers de clients. En 1969 suivit un magasin aÌ? Copenhague, en 1973 un autre dans les environs de Munich. Depuis lors, l'eÌ?volution ne s'est plus arreÌ?teÌ?e: les Etats-Unis, le Moyen-Orient, l'ExtreÌ?me-Orient.
+Le fondateur ne change pas. Il reste le speÌ?cialiste des prix. MeÌ?me aÌ? son aÌ?ge, il est encore fascineÌ? par les tickets de caisse que rapporte sa femme. Quand, lors d'un petit deÌ?jeuner avec son biographe, il offre aÌ? celui-ci une pilule de ginseng, il ne peut s'empeÌ?cher d'ajouter: "Elle vient du Danemark. LaÌ?, elles sont moitieÌ? moins cheÌ?res".
+ au:Marcel Grauls
+ Le site Internet de Coca-Cola en Belgique a remporteÌ? le Prix du Jury du RMB Cyber Lions Awards 2002. Ce prix couronne une creÌ?ativiteÌ? aÌ? 100% belge. L'ideÌ?e du site et le projet qui s'en est suivi sont le reÌ?sultat des efforts conjugueÌ?s de Coca-Cola Belgique et de l'agence bruxelloise Emakina. Le site fait partie de la strateÌ?gie locale de marketing et de communication de Coca-Cola Belgique. CreÌ?eÌ? il y a deux ans, le site est, selon un communiqueÌ? de la firme, "constamment adapteÌ? afin de satisfaire chaque jour davantage aux souhaits du surfeur belge".
+Comment un eÌ?conome sueÌ?dois est devenu milliardaire graÌ?ce aÌ? son obsession des emballages de lait?
+Ruben Anders Andersson est neÌ? le 17 juin 1895 aÌ? Raus, un hameau du village de peÌ?cheurs Raa, situeÌ? preÌ?s de Helsingborg. Son peÌ?re eÌ?tait un simple peintre en baÌ?timents qui gagnait assez bien sa vie pour que ses trois enfants aient l'occasion de continuer leurs eÌ?tudes. ApreÌ?s ses eÌ?tudes secondaires aÌ? Helsingborg, Ruben entra aÌ? l'armeÌ?e pour faire son service militaire. C'est laÌ? qu'il heÌ?rita de son nouveau nom. Ses camarades l'appelaient 'Rausingen', le type qui vient de Raus. Il fit ensuite des eÌ?tudes en eÌ?conomie aux Etats-Unis et fonda en 1929, l'anneÌ?e du krach boursier aÌ? Wall Street, une petite entreprise d'emballage avec un copain. Le succeÌ?s ne vint pas immeÌ?diatement. Son copain n'eÌ?tant plus inteÌ?resseÌ?, Rausing lui paya sa part. Au printemps 1933, Rausing avait enfin sa propre entreprise ouÌ? il pouvait donner libre cours aÌ? ses nouvelles ideÌ?es. Malheureusement, l'eÌ?conomie mondiale s'eÌ?tait effondreÌ?e et connaissait une de
s crises les plus graves du 20e sieÌ?cle.
+
+ tt:La pyramide
+Un nouveau probleÌ?me se posa alors: comment deÌ?velopper une machine capable de remplir de lait un emballage d'une forme aussi inhabituelle? On raconte que Ruben Rausing eut une ideÌ?e en voyant sa femme remplir des saucisses. Il suffirait de pomper le lait sans interruption dans une conduite et de 'sceller' l'emballage aÌ? travers le lait. De cette façon, les berlingots seraient compleÌ?tement remplis, sans que l'oxygeÌ?ne entre en contact avec le lait. L'ideÌ?e eÌ?tait bonne, mais il fallait encore deÌ?velopper la machine. Fin novembre 1953, 10 ans apreÌ?s la folle ideÌ?e de l'assistant Erik Wallenberg, on vit les emballages en forme de pyramide faire leur entreÌ?e dans les magasins aÌ? Stockholm.
+Le geÌ?nie de Ruben Rausing eÌ?tait tel que, deÌ?s la creÌ?ation de Tetra Pak, il eut l'ideÌ?e et la volonteÌ? d'opeÌ?rer dans le monde entier. Tout comme Heinz d'ailleurs, le roi du ketchup, qui croyait que le monde entier attendait son produit, ou Bata, le fabricant de chaussures qui, apreÌ?s muÌ?re reÌ?flexion, se dit que, sur notre planeÌ?te, des centaines de millions de personnes marchaient encore les pieds nus. C'est pour cette raison qu'en 1951, lors d'une reÌ?union de direction, l'entreprise prit la deÌ?cision de deÌ?poser la marque Tetra Pak dans 57 pays. Aujourd'hui, Tetra Pak opeÌ?re dans plus de 125 pays, ouÌ? fonctionnent plus de 8.000 machines d'emballage ou de remplissage. Chaque anneÌ?e, plus de 80 milliards d'emballages sont vendus.
+En 1965, l'avenir de Tetra Pak eÌ?tait on ne peut plus brillant. Le fondateur avait entre-temps feÌ?teÌ? ses 70 ans. En 1968, il s'est retireÌ? aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. Ses fils qui, deÌ?s leur plus jeune aÌ?ge, avaient occupeÌ? des postes aÌ? haute responsabiliteÌ?, ont pris la direction. Gad, l'aiÌ?neÌ?, neÌ? en 1922, suivit des eÌ?tudes de chimie et prit, aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 22 ans, la direction du laboratoire. Il eÌ?tait eÌ?galement fascineÌ? par l'archeÌ?ologie. C'est d'ailleurs sur un site archeÌ?ologique qu'il rencontra sa femme. Il passa sa theÌ?se de doctorat en archeÌ?ologie en 1967 et finança plusieurs fouilles, surtout celles de Birka, un centre commercial des Vikings datant du 10e sieÌ?cle. Pour Tetra Pak, il se consacra aÌ? la conqueÌ?te du marcheÌ? chinois ouÌ? il obtint des reÌ?sultats spectaculaires. Hans, de son coÌ?teÌ?, apprit le russe et fut 'managing director' de la socieÌ?teÌ? de 1954 aÌ? 1985. Une de ses taÌ?ches fut d'explorer le marcheÌ? russe. Depuis 1985, l
'entreprise est geÌ?reÌ?e par des managers professionnels. Les deux freÌ?res deÌ?meÌ?nageÌ?rent alors en Grande-Bretagne. En 1995, Hans vendit ses actions aÌ? Gad. Celui-ci quitta la Grande-Bretagne pour s'installer en Suisse, suite aÌ? une affaire de chantage si l'on en croit la rumeur. Il deÌ?ceÌ?da en Suisse le 27 janvier 2000. ApreÌ?s son deÌ?part pour l'eÌ?tranger, Ruben Rausing veÌ?cut encore 15 ans. Il mourut aÌ? Lausanne le 10 aouÌ?t 1983.
+Gervais, de la ferme normande aÌ? la multinationale En 1850, Charles Gervais, commis d'un grand mandataire parisien, gouÌ?te aux Halles un fromage frais de Normandie. AussitoÌ?t, il va voir la fermieÌ?re normande qui l'a produit. Madame HeÌ?rould lui confie le secret, qu'elle tenait elle meÌ?me d'un vacher suisse: il suffit d'ajouter de la creÌ?me au lait avant qu'il ne se caille. Charles Gervais entrevoit le potentiel commercial d'une telle invention. Il s'installe aÌ? la ferme, entame la production de ce 'petit-suisse' de Normandie et lui donne son nom. C'est la naissance du 'Petit Gervais'.
+Dans les anneÌ?es 50, Gervais connaiÌ?t une forte croissance et deÌ?veloppe des accords de distribution avec Danone. Les deux entreprises sont compleÌ?mentaires: si l'une distribue du fromage blanc, l'autre s'occupe de yoghourt. Or, les consommateurs veulent les deux.
+Le sexe n'a plus la cote
+Mais pourquoi rit-elle?
+Bottin, un nom propre devenu commun
+L'histoire aurait pu s'arreÌ?tter avec sa mort en 1853 mais sa veuve ne laisse pas l'annuaire de son mari tomber dans l'oubli. En 1857, elle fusionne avec Firmin-Didot qui eÌ?dite l'Annuaire GeÌ?neÌ?ral du Commerce depuis 1838. En 1881, Didot-Bottin devient une socieÌ?teÌ? anonyme coteÌ?e en bourse. Leur 'Annuaire-Almanach du Commerce et de l'Industrie Didot-Bottin' et ceux qui suivront auront un succeÌ?s important. Bottin aura la chance de passer aÌ? la posteÌ?riteÌ?, c'est son nom qui est resteÌ? dans l'usage plutoÌ?t que celui de Didot. Ensuite, l'entreprise se deÌ?veloppe et diversifie ses activiteÌ?s. En 1979, elle devient actionnaire de l'eÌ?diteur du dictionnaire Vidal. En 1988 elle ceÌ?de l'entreprise Bottin.
+100 ans de bougies Bosch
+T-shirt, l'histoire d'un bout de chiffon devenu universel
+Apparu il y a preÌ?s de 90 ans, le T-shirt, d'abord sous-veÌ?tement masculin, est devenu l'un des veÌ?tements les plus universels aÌ? l'instar du jean, "symbole de la consommation de masse", mais aussi "un des porte-parole de l'individu", selon Charlotte Brunel, auteur du premier ouvrage consacreÌ? aÌ? cette "simplissime pieÌ?ce de coton".
+"Etendard d'amour et de paix chez les hippies, puis des combats anti-mondialisation, drapeau du fan club d'Oussama Ben Laden, ce Zelig a endosseÌ? tous les visages successifs de l'histoire de nos ideÌ?es, de nos fantasmes et de nos habitudes, telle une sorte de meÌ?dia textile qui montrerait aÌ? tout le monde les ideÌ?aux de chacun. Peut-on reÌ?ver outil plus deÌ?mocratique?" s'interroge-t-elle, alors qu'il se vend chaque anneÌ?e aÌ? plus de deux millions d'exemplaires.
+Remontant aux origines d'un mythe apparu en premier sous la forme d'un sous-veÌ?tement peu eÌ?leÌ?gant, elle revient sur son passage du dessous au dessus apreÌ?s la guerre, le triomphe du slogan -politique ou publicitaire-, le t-shirt support artistique, beÌ?te de mode ou de cineÌ?ma etc.
+Bon jusqu'aÌ? la dernieÌ?re goutte!
+Un stylo numeÌ?rique pour le Japon
+Goodyear, une histoire de perseÌ?veÌ?rance
+Il est des histoires ouÌ? la perseÌ?veÌ?rance finit par payer. C'est le cas de Charles Goodyear qui mit des anneÌ?es avant de trouver comment dompter le caoutchouc.
+C'est en 1839 qu'il fait sa grande deÌ?couverte. Arrivant dans un magasin pour montrer son nouveau meÌ?lange, caoutchouc et sulfure, il en laisse tomber sur le fourneau. Il constate que le meÌ?lange, loin d'avoir fondu, ressemble aÌ? du cuire. Il reste aÌ? l'inventeur aÌ? trouver comment chauffer sa substance pour obtenir la matieÌ?re la plus homogeÌ?ne. Quand il deÌ?couvre que la vapeur sous pression fait l'affaire, il veut tout reÌ?aliser en caoutchouc. Des billets, des instruments de musique, des bijoux, des vestes, des chapeaux...
+Microsoft abaisse le prix de la XBox en Europe de 480 aÌ? 299 euros
+L'ameÌ?ricain Microsoft, fabricant de la console de jeux XBox, a deÌ?cideÌ? d'abaisser son prix de vente en Europe aÌ? 299 euros contre 480 EUR preÌ?ceÌ?demment, aÌ? partir du 26 avril, a-t-il annonceÌ? jeudi dans un communiqueÌ?.
+"Les articles parus dans la presse, les reÌ?compenses obtenues et les premieÌ?res ventes confirment l'engouement susciteÌ? par la XBox aupreÌ?s du grand public. Nous tenons aÌ? nous assurer que son prix n'empeÌ?chera personne de deÌ?couvrir les expeÌ?riences de jeu ineÌ?dites procureÌ?es par la XBox", a deÌ?clareÌ? le vice-preÌ?sident de XBox Europe, Sandy Duncan.
+Microsoft a par ailleurs annonceÌ? que "les premiers acheteurs de Xbox ne sont pas oublieÌ?s et seront reÌ?compenseÌ?s pour leur confiance et leur enthousiasme", sans donner de preÌ?cisions.
+Les cycles GITANE, le savoir-faire hexagonal
+Fignon, Lemond, Hinault (photo), Anquetil, Zoetemelk ou encore Van Impe: des noms aÌ? faire reÌ?ver plus d'un amateur de la petite reine. Ceux-ci avaient choisi de rouler sur des veÌ?los GITANE, un pur produit bleu-blanc-rouge. L'histoire de GITANE remonte deÌ?jaÌ? aÌ? plus de trois-quarts de sieÌ?cle, en 1925, et releÌ?ve veÌ?ritablement de la succes-story d'une petite entreprise.
+Suivant l'eÌ?re du temps, GITANE se lance en 1950 dans la conception de petits veÌ?lomoteurs, en creÌ?ant aÌ? la fois son moteur et sa partie cycles. Trois ans plus tard, ils sont deÌ?jaÌ? 4eÌ?me constructeur français de cyclomoteurs.
+ApreÌ?s les fructueuses anneÌ?es 70 et 80 avec les succeÌ?s de Bernard Hinault, Laurent Fignon et Greg Lemond, GITANE participe aÌ? la creÌ?ation en 1992 de CYCLEUROPE, premier constructeur de cycles europeÌ?en, regroupant les cycles PEUGEOT, B.H. et GITANE au sein d'un meÌ?me holding.
+Pyrex, un gaÌ?teau cuit sur un phare de locomotive
+Il n'en fallut pas plus aÌ? son ingeÌ?nieur de mari pour commercialiser ces plats tout de verre veÌ?tus et reÌ?sistant sans peine au four. ApreÌ?s plusieurs heÌ?sitations sur un nom qui convienne dignement aÌ? cette invention, on opta tout d'abord pour 'Pie-Right' (gaÌ?teau bien fait) avant de se mettre d'accord sur 'Pyrex', meÌ?lange audacieux de 'pie' (gaÌ?teau) et de 'pyro' (feu en grec). Une marque eÌ?tait neÌ?e et de nombreux petits plats ont pu eÌ?tre cuits au four dans une parfaite transparence. La marque Pyrex sera deÌ?poseÌ?e en 1917 et exploiteÌ?e en France par Saint-Gobain jusque dans les anneÌ?es 60. Cette entreprise avait deÌ?poseÌ? eÌ?galement la marque Duralex, un verre reÌ?puteÌ? incassable. Au meÌ?me titre que d'autres ceÌ?leÌ?briteÌ?s comme Bic ou Frigo, Pyrex figure aujourd'hui dans le dictionnaire.
+Berne L'histoire de ce qui deviendra l'Ovomaltine a deÌ?buteÌ? treÌ?s modestement en Suisse. Dans son laboratoire de Berne, le Dr Georg Wander, pharmacien, cherche un moyen de lutter contre la malnutrition, probleÌ?me reÌ?pandu aÌ? cette eÌ?poque. Ses recherches se basent sur un produit naturel issu de l'orge: le malt. Le Dr Wander fut le premier aÌ? conserver la saveur du malt graÌ?ce aÌ? un emballage sous vide. Son extrait de malte fut, durant de nombreuses anneÌ?es, un fortifiant pour des personnes malades.
+DeÌ?s 1906, l'Ovomaltine deÌ?passe les frontieÌ?res suisses et se vend en Italie et en Angleterre ouÌ? est installeÌ?, en 1913, le premier site de production aÌ? l'eÌ?tranger. Pour se deÌ?velopper, la marque se lie rapidement au sport. Ainsi, en 1923, elle est pionnieÌ?re du sponsoring d'eÌ?veÌ?nement en offrant un ravitaillement lors d'une compeÌ?tition sportive aÌ? Berne. Le gobelet d'Ovomaltine se retrouvera ensuite dans de nombreux rassemblements sportifs tels que le jeux olympiques ou des courses cyclistes.
+Virgin se lance dans le teÌ?leÌ?chargement
+virginmega.fr
+ATLANTA
+La distribution d'Evian -l'eau mineÌ?rale la plus vendue au monde- continuera aÌ? se faire aÌ? travers le reÌ?seau de distribution de Coca-Cola ainsi qu'aÌ? travers d'autres distributeurs actuels de l'eau savoyarde. Coca-Cola distribue deÌ?jaÌ? plus de la moitieÌ? des volumes d'Evian en AmeÌ?rique du Nord.
+Danone continuera aÌ? assurer l'ensemble du deÌ?veloppement des produits et la strateÌ?gie de la marque Evian aux USA et Canada. Coca-Cola assurera le marketing opeÌ?rationnel et les fonctions de support en AmeÌ?rique du Nord, y compris les tests de marcheÌ?, le plan meÌ?dia, le merchandising et la gestion des promotions. Coca-Cola et Danone Waters of North America, l'entiteÌ? qui regroupe les actifs du groupe Danone dans l'eau en AmeÌ?rique du Nord, assureront conjointement les fonctions de support commercial et de service aux clients.
+Comment doubler Air France sur l'Afrique
+Palladium, la godasse robuste et leÌ?geÌ?re
+MaiÌ?trisant depuis une centaine d'anneÌ?es les techniques de la gomme et de la toile, Palladium eut l'ideÌ?e en 1947 d'allier les deux pour en faire une chaussure aÌ? la fois hyper-reÌ?sistante et agreÌ?able aÌ? porter. La 'palla' eÌ?tait neÌ?e.
+Avec les anneÌ?es soixante, la Palladium fait son irruption sur les terrains de sport: de 1965 aÌ? 1980 , elle sera ainsi la chaussure officielle de l'ASVEL, club champion de France de basket-ball. Le champion de tennis Patrice Dominguez ne quitte meÌ?me plus ses 'Pallatennis' pour aller faire un tour en ville...
+CreÌ?eÌ?e aÌ? l'origine pour aller gambader dans les bois, la Palladium n'en oublie pas moins ses origines et, deÌ?s les anneÌ?es nonante, elle est entieÌ?rement conçue aÌ? partir de mateÌ?riaux recycleÌ?s, et est elle-meÌ?me entieÌ?rement recyclable.
+La Banque de la Poste: une croissance continue en 2001
+"La Banque de La Poste a confirmeÌ?, en 2001, sa position de banque 'retail' accessible aÌ? tous, avec des produits et services de base adapteÌ?s aux besoins de sa clienteÌ?le", a indiqueÌ? mercredi dans un communiqueÌ? la Banque de la Poste. Selon elle, elle a poursuivi sa croissance aÌ? travers chacune de ses activiteÌ?s.
+La Banque compte preÌ?s de 1.450.000 clients, soit 6 pc de plus qu'en 2000, peut-on eÌ?galement lire dans le communiqueÌ?. ConcreÌ?tement, cela repreÌ?sente notamment 1.196.358 comptes Postcheque (environ 73.000 de plus qu'en 2000), plus de 500.000 cartes PostomatPlus lieÌ?e au compte Postcheque, 83.056 cartes de creÌ?dit Mastercard en circulation fin 2001, et 476.698 comptes d'eÌ?pargne (60.000 de plus qu'en 2000).
+Black & Decker, une perceÌ?e dans le monde du bricolage
+Depuis preÌ?s d'un sieÌ?cle, Black & Decker n'a jamais quitteÌ? la boiÌ?te aÌ? outils des bricoleurs en tous genres. Une ceÌ?leÌ?bre perceÌ?e qui vit le jour au fin fond d'une petite boutique de Baltimore. En 1910, Duncan Black et Alonzo Decker ne se doutaient pas que leurs noms deviendraient ceÌ?leÌ?bres dans le monde de l'outillage. Et pourtant, en investissant aÌ? l'eÌ?poque 1.200 dollars dans une boutique de machines aÌ? Baltimore, ils firent d'embleÌ?e sensation aupreÌ?s des bricoleurs et des entreprises graÌ?ce aÌ? leur gouÌ?t prononceÌ? de l'innovation et aÌ? leur recherche effreÌ?neÌ?e de la miniaturisation.
+Aujourd'hui, le chiffre annuel de Black & Decker atteint les cinq milliards de dollars.
+STOCKHOLM La compagnie aeÌ?rienne Scandinavian Airlines Systems (SAS) va tester un nouveau systeÌ?me d'identification des passagers aÌ? partir de leurs empreintes digitales, de façon aÌ? simplifier les proceÌ?dures d'enregistrement tout en ameÌ?liorant la seÌ?curiteÌ? apreÌ?s les attentats du 11 septembre. Avec le nouveau systeÌ?me, un capteur lit une carte contenant en meÌ?moire l'empreinte digitale. Le voyageur appuie ensuite un doigt contre un eÌ?cran et son identiteÌ? est veÌ?rifieÌ?e par comparaison avec les donneÌ?es de la carte. La compagnie a expliqueÌ? que "les passagers transportent ainsi leurs propres informations personnelles", de nombreux voyageurs eÌ?tant reÌ?ticents aÌ? laisser leurs empreintes. L'information recueillie n'est d'ailleurs pas gardeÌ?e en meÌ?moire apreÌ?s le controÌ?le, selon SAS.
+LONDRES Le 'Cutty Sark Scots Whisky' tire son nom du plus rapide clipper du 19e sieÌ?cle: le transporteur de theÌ? Cutty Sark. Le bourbon eÌ?cossais est neÌ? dans l'arrieÌ?re-boutique londonnienne de Berry Bros, un neÌ?gociant en spiritueux. Avant la prohibition de 1920, il exportait ses liqueurs aux Etats-Unis. Mais pressentant que celle-ci toucherait bientoÌ?t aÌ? sa fin, il deÌ?veloppa un nouveau meÌ?lange de whisky de couleur paÌ?le et leÌ?ger, plus priseÌ? par les AmeÌ?ricains. C'est pendant un diÌ?ner d'affaire que la marque Cutty Sark est neÌ?e. Les associeÌ?s Berry Bros & Rudd avaient inviteÌ? James McBey, un artiste eÌ?cossais, pour discuter du lancement de leur produit. C'est lui qui a suggeÌ?reÌ? le nom du voilier eÌ?cossais. Le Cutty Sark revenait d'un long voyage et tous les journaux en parlaient. Il a eÌ?galement griffoneÌ? une eÌ?bauche d'un voilier sur la table. En deux temps trois mouvements, le nouveau whisky avait un nom et une eÌ?tiquette! Le pur malt a e
u vite fait de conqueÌ?rir la premieÌ?re position sur le marcheÌ? noir ameÌ?ricain. Une position qu'il maintient toujours et ce depuis 1933, l'anneÌ?e qui marque la fin de la prohibition.
+ Ingeborg Dirix, Dieter De Ridder pour All that jazz, et Gregory Titeca et Mohamed Oudaha de chez DDB, repreÌ?senteront la Belgique pour la finale internationale du 'Best yet', ou Best Young European Team, concours europeÌ?en de publiciteÌ?. Full Page, reÌ?gie publicitaire de presse quotidienne, avait organiseÌ? ce lundi un concours pour jeunes creÌ?atifs travaillant en agence de publiciteÌ? et ce, sur un veÌ?ritable briefing annonceur. La manche belge du concours eÌ?tait organiseÌ?e en collaboration avec les crayons ConteÌ?. Les jeunes publicistes devaient aider au lancement sur le marcheÌ? d'un nouveau produit deÌ?clineÌ? en deux reÌ?feÌ?rences, un crayon bois gros module 'eÌ?volution Triangle' et une craie de coloriage. 16 teams juniors de 2 personnes, un 'ad' et un 'copy', avaient reÌ?pondu preÌ?sent. Les deux teams seÌ?lectionneÌ?s iront deÌ?fendre les couleurs belges aÌ? Amsterdam les 6 et 7 juin, aux coÌ?teÌ?s d'eÌ?quipes françaises, neÌ?erlandaises, anglaises et sc
andinaves. Les heureux gagnants seront reÌ?compenseÌ?s par un seÌ?jour tout frais payeÌ?s aÌ? Cannes lors du prochain Festival international de la pub.
+ Avec le site 'La vie coÌ?teÌ? beÌ?beÌ?' destineÌ? aux parents de tout jeunes enfants, NestleÌ? poursuit son travail de proximiteÌ? aupreÌ?s des parents, mais veut eÌ?galement profiter de l'outil Internet pour reÌ?duire ses couÌ?ts de courrier et eÌ?chantillons. Ce nouveau site n'en est pas pour autant un pur catalogue de promotion des produits, mais propose surtout des conseils sur l'eÌ?veil et la nutrition du nouveau-neÌ?, jusqu'aÌ? quinze mois et plus. Peu aÌ? peu, les diffeÌ?rentes branches du groupe NestleÌ? deÌ?veloppent des activiteÌ?s en ligne. TreÌ?s reÌ?cemment, NestleÌ? Waters a lanceÌ? son site et en profite pour tenter d'imposer sa nouvelle marque, la branche eÌ?tant anciennement connue sous le nom de Perrier-Vittel. Le site reÌ?unit pour la premieÌ?re fois l'ensemble des marques de la division Eau de NestleÌ?.
+ANVERS L'entreprise fusionneÌ?e Hesse-NoordNatie (HNN) a preÌ?senteÌ? son nouveau logo aÌ? sa clienteÌ?le. "Le nouveau logo de HNN est une combinaison des logos des deux anciennes socieÌ?teÌ?s", a expliqueÌ? Philip Van Gestel, "avec les couleurs de PSA (Port of Singapore Authorities, l'actionnaire principal du groupe) bleu et rouge". La fusion de Hesse et NoordNatie a eu lieu le 28 feÌ?vrier dernier. L'entreprise a traiteÌ? quelque 3,8 millions de TEU (twenty feet equivalent units) en 2001. Au cours des quatre premiers mois de cette anneÌ?e, HNN a traiteÌ? 1,4 million de TEU, soit une augmentation de 13,6% par rapport aÌ? la meÌ?me peÌ?riode de l'anneÌ?e dernieÌ?re.
+LONDRES
+La compagnie aeÌ?rienne aÌ? bas prix Easyjet du jeune milliardaire Stelios Haji-Ioannou cherche aÌ? s'eÌ?tendre tous azimuts, en annonçant coup sur coup deux projets de rachat de compagnies issues de sa grande rivale British Airways. Elle a provoqueÌ? la surprise en annonçant mercredi matin un preÌ?-accord avec British Airways (BA) pour le rachat d'ici mars 2003 de la filiale allemande de BA, Deutsche BA (DBA), qu'elle entend transformer en compagnie aÌ? bas prix. ParalleÌ?lement, Easyjet poursuit ses discussions de rachat avec la compagnie aÌ? bas prix Go, ceÌ?deÌ?e l'an dernier par British Airways au fonds de capital-risque 3i Group.
+Les compagnies aeÌ?riennes aÌ? bas prix sont les grandes gagnantes de la crise du transport aeÌ?rien qui s'est aggraveÌ?e apreÌ?s les eÌ?veÌ?nements du 11 septembre. Elles ont vu leur trafic augmenter alors que celui des compagnies nationales traditionnelles chutaient. Elles offrent des vols treÌ?s bon marcheÌ? au deÌ?part d'aeÌ?roports geÌ?neÌ?ralement secondaires, proposent des services aÌ? bord limiteÌ?s et limitent encore leurs frais graÌ?ce aÌ? des reÌ?servations par Internet.
+A ses dix-huit ans, il se retrouve sous les ordres de son peÌ?re dans l'atelier familial. Joseph n'a qu'une ideÌ?e en teÌ?te: creÌ?er un couteau de poche qui assure le confort de la prise en main et la commoditeÌ? de la mise en poche. La principale difficulteÌ? consiste aÌ? mettre au point un modeÌ?le ouÌ? la lame en acier viendrait se loger dans une fente.
+La reÌ?putation des couteaux Opinel fut 'colporteÌ?e' par les ambulants. Quoi de plus naturel que des gens du voyage transportent quelques couteaux dans leur baluchon? Plus tard, graÌ?ce aÌ? une commercialisation efficace, les couteaux Opinel s'exporteÌ?rent en Italie et meÌ?me en Suisse, ouÌ? il fait toujours concurrence aux ceÌ?leÌ?bres couteaux suisses.
+Gucci, pour voyager en premieÌ?re classe
+Ce fut le deÌ?but d'une 'success story' qui allait faire de la marque, caracteÌ?riseÌ?e par les deux 'G' enlaceÌ?s, un des grands noms du luxe. De nos jours, Gucci est en effet preÌ?sente partout dans le monde, avec un eÌ?ventail de produit allant des traditionnels sacs aÌ? mains et autres bagages, jusqu'aux chaussures, montres, bijoux, parfums, lunettes de soleil et preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter.
+Dans les anneÌ?es 90, le designer Tom Ford, d'abord responsable du preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter feÌ?minin, verra son influence grandir au sein de la socieÌ?teÌ? 'Gucci'. En 1995, sa premieÌ?re grande collection rencontre d'ailleurs un grand succeÌ?s.
+Procter & Gamble, premier sponsor du 'soap opera'
+NeÌ?e de l'association d'un fabricant de bougies et d'un speÌ?cialiste de la savonette, l'entreprise Procter & Gamble n'a cesseÌ? de diversifier son 'eÌ?curie' pour devenir une importante socieÌ?teÌ? internationale. William Procter et James Gamble fondent une petite entreprise familiale en 1837 aÌ? Cincinatti. William fabrique des bougies tandis que James creÌ?e des savons.
+En 1879, le fils Gamble creÌ?e un savon blanc peu couÌ?teux mais de haute qualiteÌ?. Son partenaire, le fils Procter, se charge de lui trouver un nom et de lui faire de la publiciteÌ?. 'Ivory' est neÌ?.
+Les produits Procter & Gamble connaiÌ?tront un nouvel essor en 1933 lorsque la socieÌ?teÌ? deÌ?cide de sponsoriser une seÌ?rie radiophonique diffuseÌ?e dans tous les Etats-Unis. La populariteÌ? du 'soap opera' "Ma Perkins" est un succeÌ?s: les fideÌ?les auditeurs deviennent eÌ?galement de fideÌ?les consommateurs. Ce succeÌ?s conduit les marques de P&G aÌ? sponsoriser d'autres nouvelles. Cette eÌ?poque correspond aussi au lancement du premier deÌ?tergent aÌ? usage meÌ?nager 'Dreft'.
+Ray-Ban, la paire de lunettes des stars
+En 1930, les pilotes de l'U.S. Air-Force adoptent le modeÌ?le "Anti-glare" (antireflet). Ces lunettes qui bannissent les rayons ("bannish rays") sont rebaptiseÌ?es Ray-Ban en 1937. Elles feront leur entreÌ?e en Europe lors du deÌ?barquement des GI's en 1945.
+En 1983, Tom Cruise fait fureur dans le roÌ?le du jeune pilote Maverick de 'Top Gun'. Ses Ray-Ban fumeÌ?es auront quasi autant de succeÌ?s que le film. Une dizaine d'anneÌ?es plus tard, Will Smith et Tommy Lee Jones portent des Ray-Ban Predator 2 pour lutter contre les extraterrestres et ne pas perdre la meÌ?moire dans le film 'Men In Black'. A chaque artiste, sa paire...
+La marque Reebok est une des principales marques de sport dans le monde. BaptiseÌ?es du nom d'une gazelle africaine particulieÌ?rement veÌ?loce, ses chaussures misent sur la rapiditeÌ? et le confort des athleÌ?tes.
+A l'occasion des Jeux Olympiques d'EteÌ? de 1924, la petite socieÌ?teÌ? familiale devient la creÌ?atrice des chaussures de course des athleÌ?tes 'olympiens'. Trente-quatre ans plus tard, les deux petits-fils du fondateur rebaptisent l'entreprise 'Reebok'.
+Avec le modeÌ?le Freestyle(r), la socieÌ?teÌ? anticipe sur trois grandes tendances des anneÌ?es '80: l'aeÌ?robic, l'eÌ?mergence des femmes dans le sport et l'utilisation des chaussures de sport dans la vie courante. La chaussure gonflable Pump(r) reÌ?volutionnera eÌ?galement le marcheÌ? en 1989. Reebok a toujours la volonteÌ? de creÌ?er des modeÌ?les en se concentrant sur l'amorti, la stabiliteÌ?, la leÌ?geÌ?reteÌ? et le confort. Depuis la fin des anneÌ?es '90, Reebok lient sa marque aÌ? des sportifs de haut niveau: l'eÌ?toile du tennis Venus Williams, le cycliste Mario Cipollini (photo) ou encore le basketteur Allan Iverson.
+LOS ANGELES Nintendo s'est eÌ?galement engageÌ? dans la guerre des prix des consoles videÌ?os. La branche ameÌ?ricaine de la socieÌ?teÌ? a annonceÌ? qu'elle baisserait le prix de sa GameCube d'environ 25% -passant de 149,95$ contre 199 auparavant- afin de faire face aÌ? la concurrence de la Playstation2 de Sony et de la Xbox de Microsoft. Ce nouveau tarif s'adapte aÌ? la baisse des prix la semaine dernieÌ?re par ses deux concurrents qui ont diminueÌ? chacun le prix de leur console de 299 aÌ? 199$. "Notre but est de vendre le plus de consoles possible afin de commercialiser des jeux face aux gros concurrents", a expliqueÌ? le responsable marketing de la marque japonaise, George Harrison. "Cette anneÌ?e, ce sera la guerre des jeux", a-t-il ajouteÌ?. Cette strateÌ?gie s'inscrit dans l'effort de garder son avantage sur un marcheÌ? mondial eÌ?valueÌ? aÌ? 20 milliards de dollar.
+PROVIDENCE En 1923, Henry et Helal Hassenfeld fondent aux Etats-Unis une petite socieÌ?teÌ? qu'ils nomment Hasbro. Au deÌ?part les deux freÌ?res vendent du mateÌ?riel scolaire et des crayons, soit des produits moins ludiques que ce qu'on leur connaiÌ?t aujourd'hui. En 1943, Hasbro eÌ?tend ses produits aux jeux en fabriquant des trousses de docteurs et d'infirmieÌ?res ainsi que du mateÌ?riel de peinture.
+La socieÌ?teÌ? n'en reste pas laÌ? et marque un grand coup dans les anneÌ?es 60 en lançant une poupeÌ?e destineÌ?e aux garçons: le ceÌ?leÌ?bre soldat G.I. Joe. Cet homme d'action vaut aÌ? la socieÌ?teÌ? une croissance fulgurante qui aboutit aÌ? sa cotation en bourse sous le nom 'Hasbro Ind. Inc.' en 1968.
+Aujourd'hui, la socieÌ?teÌ? est le second plus gros fabricant de jouets au monde apreÌ?s son grand rival Mattel. Hasbro emploi plus de 10.000 personnes dans le monde.
+ Les eÌ?ditions Dupuis lancent "Horizons", une collection d'albums de bande dessineÌ?e de 'poche en grand format', destineÌ?e aÌ? donner une seconde vie eÌ?ditoriale aÌ? sa collection de prestige, 'Aire libre'. Il y a 14 ans, Dupuis creÌ?ait 'Aire libre', une collection "diffeÌ?rente", adulte et axeÌ?e sur la libre creÌ?ation, loin des seÌ?ries et du tout-venant facile, refusant l'heroiÌ?c fantasy pour preÌ?feÌ?rer les histoires intimistes ou la reÌ?flexion sur la politique, l'histoire, la socieÌ?teÌ?.
+Le Clio challenge en on line
+cliodci.renault.fr
+NIMES Le marque Cacharel a vu le jour aÌ? NiÌ?mes en 1962. Son nom s'inspire de celui d'un canard sauvage vivant en Camargue. Le Cacharel -c'est le patronyme provençal de cet oiseau- a visiblement porteÌ? chance aÌ? Jean Bousquet qui, aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 30 ans, fonda une petite socieÌ?teÌ? deÌ?sormais connue partout dans le monde. La ligne de preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter Cacharel se fit tout d'abord connaiÌ?tre par ses chemisiers pour femmes en creÌ?pon et en liberty. L'allure romantique des veÌ?tements Cacharel ne tardeÌ?rent pas aÌ? seÌ?duire les clientes et Jean Bousquet put ouvrir des boutiques dans toute la France. Ses collections s'eÌ?tendirent, paralleÌ?lement, aux veÌ?tements pour hommes et pour enfants.
+Celle-ci a en outre reÌ?ussi aÌ? se renouveller en faisant appel aÌ? Suzanne Clements et Inacio Ribeiro, tous deux treÌ?s actifs sur la sceÌ?ne de la mode britannique. Un duo qui, deÌ?sormais, "explore le partimoine de la marque pour imposer un style reÌ?geÌ?neÌ?reÌ?, plus expressif, plus contemporain, dans le droit fil de l'eÌ?nergie eÌ?leÌ?gante qui propulsa Cacharel aÌ? ses deÌ?buts", peut-on en effet lire sur le site de Cacharel.
+LONDRES Le portail Internet Yahoo Europe a annonceÌ? que, dans six semaines, il quittera le secteur des ventes aux encheÌ?res en ligne en Europe. Un accord a toutefois eÌ?teÌ? conclu avec le site de ventes aux encheÌ?res eBay qui, sur le portail Yahoo, sera indiqueÌ? comme le site privileÌ?gieÌ? pour vendre aux encheÌ?res des articles neufs ou d'occasion. D'apreÌ?s le directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral d'eBay Europe, le montant de cet accord s'eÌ?leÌ?ve aÌ? plusieurs millions d'euros. Les activiteÌ?s d'encheÌ?res en ligne de Yahoo Europe n'ont jamais vraiment eÌ?teÌ? couronneÌ?es de succeÌ?s pour Yahoo Europe. FrappeÌ? par la diminution des recettes publicitaires, ce portail tente donc de reÌ?orienter ses activiteÌ?s vers les secteurs qui geÌ?neÌ?rent des profits.
+LONDRES Deux eÌ?crivains britanniques, Germaine Greer et Jim Crace, ont deÌ?cideÌ? de ne pas participer au festival litteÌ?raire de Hay-on-Wye pour protester contre le parrainage de NestleÌ?. Ils deÌ?noncent la strateÌ?gie marketing du groupe suisse dans la vente de lait en poudre pour beÌ?beÌ?s dans le Tiers-Monde ouÌ? l'utilisation de l'eau non bouillie conduit parfois aÌ? des diarrheÌ?es mortelles pour les enfants.
+"La strateÌ?gie marketing des formules pour enfants appliqueÌ?e par NestleÌ? dans le monde en voie de deÌ?veloppement est parfaitement conforme au code de l'OMS", a-t-il dit.
+ Il faut avouer que CitroeÌ?n fait fort en nous proposant un superbe site tout en Flash nous permettant ni plus ni moins de configurer le veÌ?hicule tel qu'on le deÌ?sire. Et tout cela... de chez soi et graÌ?ce aÌ? un site assez leÌ?cheÌ?. Vous devez d'abord choisir entre un veÌ?hicule particulier et un utilitaire. Puis vient le choix du modeÌ?le: Xsara, Berlingo, Xantia, etc. Tranquillement alors, vous la transformez selon vos deÌ?sirs et votre budget: nombre de portes, boite de vitesse, type d'essence. Et pour la finition, il ne vous reste plus qu'aÌ? deÌ?cider de la couleur, du tissu inteÌ?rieur et des multiples options habituelles. Une fois le modeÌ?le choisi, il vous suffit de remplir un formulaire et d'attendre que l'on vous recontacte. Seul beÌ?mol, ce site est français, tout comme les services qu'il propose. EspeÌ?rons que le site belge puisse suivre ce modeÌ?le.
+NEW YORK Contrairement aÌ? ce qu'on pourrait croire, Elizabeth Arden n'est pas le nom de la fondatrice de la marque de cosmeÌ?tiques du meÌ?me nom. A l'origine de cette marque bien connue des clientes des parfumeries se trouve Florence Nightingale qui, en 1910, ouvrit sur la 5eÌ?me avenue de New York, un salon de beauteÌ? jumelleÌ? aÌ? un salon de coiffure. Cette formule, jusqu'alors ineÌ?dite, seÌ?duisit les eÌ?leÌ?gantes de l'eÌ?poque qui ne tardeÌ?rent pas aÌ? affluer dans ce double salon dont l'enseigne portait le nom Elizabeth Arden. Celui-ci eÌ?tait inspireÌ? d'un roman aÌ? la mode, dont le titre comprenait le preÌ?nom Elizabeth, et du nom d'Enoch Arden, le premier mari de Florence Nightingale.
+Quelques anneÌ?es plus tard, quand elle deÌ?cida de creÌ?er son propre salon, Florence Nightingale deÌ?veloppa, avec un chimiste, le concept de "creÌ?mes de beauteÌ?", fort peu reÌ?pandues aÌ? l'eÌ?poque. A noter que dans ses eÌ?tablissements, les clientes pouvaient, deÌ?s le deÌ?but du 20eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, beÌ?neÌ?ficier de massages et de conseils estheÌ?tiques.
+Penser aux attentes des surfers du Net
+INT089 3 GEN 0378 F BELGA-0375 GAN
+BELGA DEADLINE: CYCLO, le nouveau jeu de la Loterie Nationale
+La Loterie Nationale a annonceÌ? mardi le lancement de son quatrieÌ?me billet aÌ? gratter theÌ?matique, CYCLO, dans le cadre du Tour de France de cyclisme. Les joueurs pourront gagner la coquette somme de 25.000 euros. Un prix de consolation, assister aÌ? une eÌ?tape du Tour, est eÌ?galement preÌ?vu, a expliqueÌ? mardi Michel Ansiaux, le Directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de la Loterie Nationale.
+Selon Paul De Belder, le porte-parole de la Loterie Nationale, le principe du jeu est simple. "Sous la zone aÌ? gratter se trouve une grille composeÌ?e de neuf petites cases. Celui qui trouve les meÌ?mes figures sur une ligne horizontale, verticale ou diagonale, remporte le montant inscrit aÌ? coÌ?teÌ? de la grille".
+Il s'agira en fait de l'eÌ?tape du 9 juillet entre Metz et Reims ainsi que de l'eÌ?tape finale aÌ? Paris. Les personnes qui renverront leur billet avant le 1er juillet auront donc peut-eÌ?tre la chance de partir aÌ? Metz et celles qui le feront pour le 22 juillet, de partir aÌ? Paris.
+Avec ce nouveau billet, la Loterie Nationale espeÌ?re frapper un grand coup. "Les anciens billets theÌ?matiques Halloween, Valentin et PaÌ?ques ont eÌ?teÌ? vendus aÌ? raison respectivement de 73, 70 et 60 pc", rappelle, confiant, le porte-parole Jean FilleÌ?e.
+ La Loterie Nationale vient d'annoncer le lancement de son quatrieÌ?me billet aÌ? gratter theÌ?matique, CYCLO, dans le cadre du Tour de France. Les joueurs pourront gagner la coquette somme de Â? 25.000. "La Loterie Nationale estime qu'il est treÌ?s important de soutenir le sport", a expliqueÌ? Michel Ansiaux, le directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de la Loterie Nationale. "Nous sommes preÌ?sents dans le milieu du cyclisme depuis deÌ?jaÌ? 18 ans. Notre nouveau billet theÌ?matique, sorti aÌ? l'occasion du Tour de France, en est le parfait exemple". Le principe du jeu est simple. "Sous la zone aÌ? gratter se trouve une grille composeÌ?e de neuf petites cases. Celui qui trouve les meÌ?mes figures sur une ligne horizontale, verticale ou diagonale, remporte le montant inscrit aÌ? coÌ?teÌ? de la grille", a preÌ?ciseÌ? le porte-parole de la Loterie Nationale. Que les malchanceux ne deÌ?sespeÌ?rent cependant pas trop vite. "Si vous ne gagnez pas lors de la premieÌ?re eÌ?tape de CYCLO, vous avez u
ne deuxieÌ?me chance", a-t-il encore ajouteÌ?. "Inscrivez votre nom et adresse au dos du billet et envoyez-le aÌ? la Loterie Nationale. Un tirage au sort sera effectueÌ? parmi les billets reçus qui permettra aÌ? deux fois dix personnes d'assister aÌ? une eÌ?tape du Tour". Il s'agira en fait de l'eÌ?tape du 9 juillet entre Metz et Reims ainsi que de l'eÌ?tape finale aÌ? Paris.
+NEW YORK Le site Internet des fameux bonbons chocolateÌ?s M&M's a enregistreÌ? une hausse de 145% de sa freÌ?quentation au cours du mois de mai, en raison de la campagne publicitaire incitant les internautes aÌ? voter pour leur couleur de M&M's preÌ?feÌ?reÌ?e. Le nombre de visiteur est ainsi passeÌ? de 137.000 aÌ? 336.000 en une semaine. Le bonbon violet est devenu le petit favori du public. "La reÌ?cente campagne publicitaire de M&M's est un formidable cas d'eÌ?cole montrant combien la publiciteÌ? sur Internet peut construire une image de marque et geÌ?neÌ?rer du trafic sur un site", a deÌ?clareÌ? le vice-preÌ?sident de l'institut de mesure d'audience sur Internet NetRatings.
+Contrex, partenaire minceur
+Le bio en ligne
+Heudebert, griller les invendus
+Massey Fergusson, leader mondial du tracteur
+Massey Fergusson, 'MF' pour les intimes, est une de ces marques symbole du monde agricole. Elle a innoveÌ? aÌ? de nombreuses reprises et les tracteurs Massey Fergusson sont les plus vendus au monde depuis 1962.
+En 1891, les deux entreprises deÌ?cideÌ?rent de fusionner. La nouvelle entreprise issue de cette fusion, Massey Harris, se diversifia alors dans la production de wagons, d'outils de travail du sol et d'eÌ?pandeurs aÌ? fumier. En 1938, la socieÌ?teÌ? donna naissance aÌ? la toute premieÌ?re moissonneuse-batteuse automotrice. Mais les tracteurs apparurent comme promis aÌ? un avenir bien plus florissant que les machines de reÌ?colte. En 1953, la Massey Harris fusionna avec la socieÌ?teÌ? Harry Fergusson Tractors.
+Aujourd'hui, la majoriteÌ? des tracteurs fabriqueÌ?s dans le monde utilise ce principe et l'usine de Coventry, en Angleterre, reste la plus grosse uniteÌ? de fabrication mondiale consacreÌ?e uniquement aÌ? la production de tracteurs.
+SAN FRANCISCO D'apreÌ?s la newsletter 'ALTER Business News', Marc Kasky, un habitant de San Francisco, a deÌ?clareÌ? que Nike aurait violeÌ? une loi de protection des consommateurs en niant dans un deÌ?bat public les accusations faites aÌ? son encontre et selon lesquelles la socieÌ?teÌ? exploiterait ses travailleurs sous-traitants en Asie. Pour Kasky, c'est une pub mensongeÌ?re et il demande que l'entreprise ameÌ?ricaine rembourse aux Californiens les beÌ?neÌ?fices de ses ventes dans cet eÌ?tat. Bien que ces deÌ?clarations furent eÌ?mises lors d'un deÌ?bat d'inteÌ?reÌ?t public, la Cour SupreÌ?me a neÌ?anmoins accepteÌ? que M. Kasky assigne Nike en justice.
+Massey Fergusson, leader mondial du tracteur
+Avec l'ouverture des vastes plaines canadiennes aÌ? l'agriculture au 19eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, la prospeÌ?riteÌ? eÌ?tait au rendez-vous pour les entreprises Massey (1847) et Harris (1857), toutes deux speÌ?cialiseÌ?es dans l'outillage agricole. BientoÌ?t, les deux socieÌ?teÌ?s devaient se mesurer dans ce que l'on appela la 'guerre des lieuses (de ballots)'.
+Cette fusion fit connaiÌ?tre le systeÌ?me reÌ?volutionnaire deÌ?veloppeÌ? par Fergusson, l'attelage aÌ? trois points, qui devait permettre, graÌ?ce au transfert du poids du tracteur, permet de doubler sa performance.
+Courtiers en bourse contre terroristes
+Napster deÌ?pose son bilan
+Le ceÌ?leÌ?bre site musical s'est placeÌ? sous la protection de la loi sur les faillites dans le Delaware (est), a-t-on indiqueÌ? de source judiciaire.
+Cette deÌ?marche intervient le jour meÌ?me ouÌ? eÌ?tait preÌ?vue une audience devant un tribunal feÌ?deÌ?ral aÌ? San Francisco (Californie) en liaison avec les poursuites engageÌ?es par les grandes maisons de disques contre le site pour violation des droits d'auteurs.
+Le geÌ?ant allemand des meÌ?dias a fait une offre de prise de controÌ?le de ce qui reste encore du ceÌ?leÌ?bre site musical, preÌ?voyant notamment le versement de huit millions de dollars (8,6 millions d'euros) aux creÌ?anciers de Napster.
+Napster, pendant un temps la coqueluche des surfeurs assoiffeÌ?s de musique gratuite, avait eÌ?teÌ? fermeÌ? par ordre de la justice l'an dernier, apreÌ?s une longue lutte contre les grandes maisons de disque qui l'accusaient de faciliter le piratage de leurs catalogues. La socieÌ?teÌ? n'avait pas reÌ?ussi aÌ? mettre fin aÌ? l'eÌ?change de musique proteÌ?geÌ?e par les droits d'auteur, malgreÌ? l'installation d'un filtre.
+Mais les grandes maisons de disques avaient rapidement reÌ?agi, portant plainte pour violation des droits d'auteurs.
+Selon l'eÌ?dition allemande du Financial Times lundi, en se plaçant sous la protection de la loi sur les faillites, Napster esquive les poursuites engageÌ?es par les grandes maisons de disques comme EMI, Sony, Universal Music et Warner Music.
+En mai, Konrad Hilbers, le pdg, et Shawn Fanning, fondateur et directeur technique de l'entreprise, avaient claqueÌ? la porte apreÌ?s le rejet par l'entreprise d'une preÌ?ceÌ?dente offre de 30 millions de dollars (32,25 millions d'euros) du geÌ?ant allemand Bertelsmann, pour revenir ensuite moins d'une semaine apreÌ?s.
+SAN FRANCISCO
+Un succeÌ?s fou qui mis Napster dans la ligne de mire des grandes maisons de disques, portant plainte pour violation des droits d'auteurs. De proceÌ?s en proceÌ?s, le geÌ?ant Bertelsmann avait finalement briseÌ? 'l'union sacreÌ?e' des maisons de disques en signant un accord de partenariat avec Napster, obligeÌ? de montrer patte blanche en lançant en vain un service d'abonnement payant.
+Burlington, quand le losange devient un classique
+Mais au fait, saviez-vous que Burlington -la premieÌ?re marque de chaussettes europeÌ?enne en ce qui concerne la notorieÌ?teÌ?- a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e en 1920.... aux Etats-Unis? Plus preÌ?ciseÌ?ment aÌ? Burlington, dans l'Etat de Caroline du Nord. ExploiteÌ?es sous licence en Europe par le groupe Allemand Kunert, les chaussettes Burlington sont preÌ?sentes dans une trentaine de pays du continent ouÌ? 60% du chiffre d'affaires sont reÌ?aliseÌ?s en hiver. HeÌ? oui, on n'y pense pas toujours, mais les chaussettes sont... un produit saisonnier.
+NEW YORK
+Gartner Dataquest pense que le chiffre d'affaires mondial engendreÌ? par les services GPRS n'atteindra pas les 32 milliards de dollars par an d'ici 2005 et que les revenus geÌ?neÌ?reÌ?s par cette nouvelle technologie seront "infeÌ?rieurs de 50% aux preÌ?visions en Europe". Les analystes de Gartner Dataquest jugent en effet que le GPRS s'applique aÌ? des services professionnels et aÌ? des 'marcheÌ?s de niche', plutoÌ?t qu'au grand public.
+tou par
+PARIS (AP) -- Plus de 300 boiÌ?tes de filets de maquereaux sauce moutarde de Dijon commercialiseÌ?es sous la marque Casino sont retireÌ?es des rayons aÌ? la suite d'un "deÌ?faut de steÌ?rilisation", a-t-on appris jeudi aupreÌ?s de la socieÌ?teÌ? de boiÌ?tes de conserves Gendreau.
+Dans un communiqueÌ?, l'entreprise Gendreau demande aux consommateurs "de ne pas consommer les boiÌ?tes portant cette date et de les retourner au lieu d'achat de ce produit qui proceÌ?dera aÌ? son eÌ?change ou son remboursement".
+kb/com/cr 061328 jui 02
+Les Etats-Unis doivent deux de leurs plus ceÌ?leÌ?bres marques de bieÌ?re aÌ? la BoheÌ?me. La fameuse Budweiser et la Michelob. En deÌ?veloppant sa bieÌ?re premium, la brasserie Anheuser-Bush de Saint-Louis deÌ?cide de se deÌ?tourner du caracteÌ?re sophistiqueÌ? des bieÌ?res Pilsen pour s'inspirer du style typique d'une autre grande ville brassicole de BoheÌ?me, Budweis. En 1976, Adolphus Bush lance la marque Budweiser avec des viseÌ?es de distribution nationale. Alors qu'en BoheÌ?me les brasseurs doivent s'en tenir aÌ? la "loi bavaroise de la pureteÌ?", les AmeÌ?ricains sont libres de contraintes. Bush ne s'est pas priveÌ? de cet avantage et en a profiteÌ? pour innover en introduisant un grain de riz dans le brassage et en utilisant des wagons reÌ?frigeÌ?reÌ?s pour sa distribution. Si la Budweiser beÌ?neÌ?ficie d'une saveur leÌ?geÌ?rement sucreÌ?e et fruiteÌ?e comme ses cousines de Budweis, le petit grain de riz lui confeÌ?re une couleur plus paÌ?le et une leÌ?geÌ?re saveur
de noisette. Aux Etats-Unis, la Budweiser est treÌ?s vite devenue la bieÌ?re leÌ?geÌ?re de reÌ?feÌ?rence, et l'est encore aujourd'hui.
+LISBONNE 06/06
+Le chanteur, dont les deÌ?buts remontent aux anneÌ?es 50, a produit 27.000 bouteilles de vin rouge dans son vignoble en Algarve (sud du Portugal) qui seront mises en vente dans des supermarcheÌ?s britanniques aÌ? la fin de ce mois.
+Cliff Richard a planteÌ? ses premieÌ?res vignes il y a cinq ans dans sa proprieÌ?teÌ? en Algarve, une reÌ?gion qui n'est pas particulieÌ?rement renommeÌ?e pour ses vins.
+Le "Peter Pan de la pop", ainsi surnommeÌ? en raison de son allure eÌ?ternellement juveÌ?nile et de sa longue carrieÌ?re, s'est acquis les services du grand speÌ?cialiste des vins au Portugal David Baverstock pour assurer le succeÌ?s de sa premieÌ?re reÌ?colte commerciale.
+Elton John, autre vedette annoblie de la pop, a deÌ?clareÌ? un jour qu'ils avaient tous les deux "les jambes flageolantes" apreÌ?s avoir bu un coup de trop.
+Bexco invente la corde qui "preÌ?vient" lorsqu'elle menace de rompre
+Le fabricant de cordes Bexco, situeÌ? aÌ? Hamme, s'appreÌ?te aÌ? mettre sur le marcheÌ? un type de corde reÌ?volutionnaire. En effet, celle-ci eÌ?mettra un signal lorsqu'elle menace de rompre. Ce proceÌ?deÌ? est rendu possible graÌ?ce aÌ? l'installation d'une fibre optique dans la corde meÌ?me. Ce nouveau proceÌ?deÌ? reÌ?volutionnaire devrait eÌ?tre utiliseÌ? sur les plates-formes peÌ?trolieÌ?res.
+Il y aurait beaucoup d'inteÌ?reÌ?t pour cette corde dans le secteur maritime. Selon un porte-parole de l'entreprise, des catastrophes pourraient eÌ?tre eÌ?viteÌ?es avec l'aveÌ?nement d'un tel type de corde. Les plates-formes peÌ?trolieÌ?res sont maintenues sur place via des cordes de 35 centimeÌ?tres de diameÌ?tre qui sont soumises aÌ? toutes sortes de pressions et de tempeÌ?tes. Avec le nouveau proceÌ?deÌ?, l'usure de la corde pourrait eÌ?tre tenue aÌ? l'oeil et celle-ci remplaceÌ?e en temps utile.
+HAMME Le fabricant de cordes Bexco, situeÌ? aÌ? Hamme, s'appreÌ?te aÌ? mettre sur le marcheÌ? un type de corde reÌ?volutionnaire. En effet, graÌ?ce aÌ? l'installation d'une fibre optique dans la corde, celle-ci eÌ?mettra un signal lorsqu'elle menacera de rompre. Ce nouveau proceÌ?deÌ? reÌ?volutionnaire, encore en phase de deÌ?veloppement, devrait eÌ?tre utiliseÌ? sur les plates-formes peÌ?trolieÌ?res. Bexco est un fabricant de cordes de haute technologie qui sont essentiellement utiliseÌ?es dans la navigation maritime et spatiale.
+ORLANDO
+Sans doute ces bols eÌ?taient-ils justement trop innovants, car ils ne rencontreÌ?rent pas le succeÌ?s escompteÌ?. Les clientes des quincailleries et des grands magasins ne comprenaient pas, en effet, les avantage du couvercle hermeÌ?tique pour la conservation des produits alimentaires. En fait, seuls les geÌ?rants d'une droguerie prirent la peine de leur montrer comment utiliser ces droÌ?les de reÌ?cipients et laÌ?, le succeÌ?s fut au rendez-vous.
+DeÌ?sormais, la "Tupperware Corporation" est une multinationale dont le chiffre d'affaires flirte alleÌ?grement avec le milliard de dollars. Son sieÌ?ge mondial se trouve aÌ? Orlando, en Floride, et ses produits sont vendus dans une centaine de pays par un million de deÌ?monstratrices qui animent reÌ?gulieÌ?rement des "Tupperware party".
+Il y a un peu plus de 50 ans, Kenneth Wood lance la marque Kenwood en Grande-Bretagne. Cette entreprise, dont l'embleÌ?me est le mixeur nommeÌ? 'Chef', est aujourd'hui l'un des grands noms de l'eÌ?lectro-meÌ?nager.
+ApreÌ?s avoir deÌ?meÌ?nageÌ? dans une petite entreprise de la ville, Kenwood produit son deuxieÌ?me appareil de cuisine: un mixeur qui sera le preÌ?curseur du fameux robot meÌ?nager baptiseÌ? 'Chef'. Le premier 'Chef', qui fera le succeÌ?s de Kenwood, est vendu deÌ?s 1950 lors d'une exposition 'Ideal Home'.
+L'entreprise vend aÌ? preÌ?sent ses produits dans plus de 80 pays et dit vouloir "rencontrer les besoins actuels des consommateurs aÌ? travers la recherche, le deÌ?veloppement et la fabrication de produits innovants qui offrent de grandes qualiteÌ?s et valeurs."
+ 11/06 (BELGA)
+Le constructeur allemand avait deÌ?jaÌ? fait savoir lundi dernier que preÌ?s d'un million de veÌ?hicules de ces deux modeÌ?les allaient devoir eÌ?tre rappeleÌ?s dans le monde. Les veÌ?hicules concerneÌ?s ont eÌ?teÌ? construits en 1998 et 1999. Leurs freins continuent aÌ? fonctionner mais le conducteur doit appuyer nettement plus fort sur la peÌ?dale.
+25.600 Polo et Lupo rappeleÌ?es en Belgique
+ L'ours en peluche Steiff feÌ?te ses 100 ans PIX
+L'Ours 55 PB de la marque Steiff feÌ?te ses cent ans. Il mesure 55 cm, est fabriqueÌ? en peluche et sait bouger ses pattes. C'est le premier ours aÌ? avoir eÌ?teÌ? fabriqueÌ? dans les ateliers de Margarete Steiff. Il peut se vanter d'avoir fait craquer les enfants du monde entier et les collectionneurs se l'arrachent encore aujourd'hui.
+"Chaque anneÌ?e, 40.000 ours Steiff sont mis sur le marcheÌ? du Benelux. Environ 400.000 exemplaires de l'ours sont distribueÌ?s aÌ? travers le monde, en plus des autres produits de Steiff", preÌ?cise M. Lafitte. Au total ce ne sont pas moins d'1,5 million de produits Steiff qui sont vendus chaque anneÌ?e aÌ? travers le monde.
+En 1904, lors de l'exposition universelle de Saint-Louis aux Etats-Unis, l'ours en peluche rentrait sur la sceÌ?ne internationale. Margarete et Richard en avaient vendu 12.000 exemplaires aÌ? la fin de l'anneÌ?e.
+L'ours en peluche n'est pas seulement un cadeau pour petits et grands, il est eÌ?galement une aubaine pour les collectionneurs. Ceux-ci pourront d'ailleurs trouver leur bonheur le 18 juin prochain chez Christie's, ouÌ? aura lieu la premieÌ?re vente publique d'ours en peluche de l'anneÌ?e. En teÌ?te d'affiche, on trouve un ours Steiff jaune paÌ?le treÌ?s rare, datant de 1925. Il devrait partir pour une somme comprise entre 6.000 et 8.000 pounds (9.762 et 13.016 euros). Les ventes publiques d'ours en peluche chez Christie's ont eÌ?teÌ? introduites en 1994.
+En Belgique, les collectionneurs peuvent se rendre chez Serneels, aÌ? Bruxelles, avec une bourse moins chargeÌ?e. A coÌ?teÌ? des nouveaux modeÌ?les, des ours plus anciens ainsi que leurs reÌ?pliques sont en vente. Les prix varient entre 125 euros pour une reÌ?plique et 500 euros pour un ours authentique.
+La recette n'a pas changeÌ? en un sieÌ?cle. Un peu de peluche, un soupçon de rembourrage et deux boutons pour les yeux ont suffi aÌ? en faire une star mondiale.
+
+Le premier ours en peluche de Steiff, l'Ours 55 PB, a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ? par Richard Steiff, le neveu de Margarete, en 1902. C'eÌ?tait le premier ours aÌ? disposer de membres mobiles. Un an plus tard, Richard preÌ?sentait l'ours aÌ? la foire de printemps de Leibzig. C'est laÌ? qu'un AmeÌ?ricain, aÌ? la recherche d'un jouet original, a acheteÌ? les 3.000 ours 55 PB disponibles. De ces premiers exemplaires, aucun ne subsiste aujourd'hui. En 1904, lors de l'exposition universelle de Saint-Louis aux Etats-Unis, l'ours en peluche rentrait sur la sceÌ?ne internationale.
+L'ours en peluche n'est pas seulement un cadeau pour petits et grands, il est eÌ?galement une aubaine pour les collectionneurs. Ceux-ci pourront d'ailleurs trouver leur bonheur le 18 juin prochain chez Christie's, ouÌ? aura lieu la premieÌ?re vente publique d'ours en peluche de l'anneÌ?e. En teÌ?te d'affiche, on trouve un ours Steiff jaune paÌ?le treÌ?s rare, datant de 1925. Il devrait partir pour une somme comprise entre 6.000 et 8.000 pounds (entre Â? 9.762 et Â? 13.016).
+Palmolive, aÌ? base d'huile de palme et d'olive
+La socieÌ?teÌ? Colgate-Palmolive-Peet se transforma, dans les anneÌ?es 1920, en une veÌ?ritable multinationale. Elle creÌ?a des filiales en France, en Australie, en Grande-Bretagne, en Italie, en Allemagne, Afrique du Sud, Inde...
+Palm tire les prix des PDA vers le bas
+Tango lance une bieÌ?re blanche, sous licence Interbrew, en AlgeÌ?rie
+Seven Up et son site peÌ?tillant
+Des bieÌ?res moins ameÌ?res pour seÌ?duire les jeunes
+Crainte des brasseurs, confronteÌ?s depuis plusieurs anneÌ?es aÌ? une consommation de bieÌ?re en recul: que les jeunes ne prennent pas l'habitude de boire cette boisson et, aÌ? l'aÌ?ge adulte, continuent aÌ? la bouder.
+ParticulariteÌ? de ces 'nouvelles bieÌ?res': une amertume atteÌ?nueÌ?e, ce qui leur permet aussi de seÌ?duire les dames. "On trouve 10% de femmes parmi les acheteurs de pils", preÌ?cise-t-on chez Interbrew. "Et cette proportion passe aÌ? 25% pour la Dommelsch Ice". A noter que d'autres brasseurs, comme Amstel ou Grolsh, ont eux aussi lanceÌ? ce nouveau type de produits.
+PARIS Donner le nom d'une herbe aromatique aÌ? un produit pour lessiver, quelle droÌ?le d'ideÌ?e! CreÌ?eÌ?e voici preÌ?s d'un sieÌ?cle, Persil est pourtant devenue une marque de lessive des plus connues, et personne ne songe aÌ? utiliser ses produits pour faire la cuisine (mieux vaut d'ailleurs ne pas tenter l'expeÌ?rience).
+Boeing preÌ?pare l'Internet aÌ? haut deÌ?bit sur ces vols
+C'est par liaison satellite que la socieÌ?teÌ? AT&T permettra aux passagers d'avoir acceÌ?s aÌ? l'Internet haut deÌ?bit au-dessus des territoires ameÌ?ricains et des eaux territoriales ameÌ?ricaines.
+Boeing espeÌ?re que ce nouveau service sera mis aÌ? disposition des voyageurs d'ici fin 2002 voire deÌ?but 2003. AP
+190258 jui 02
+DENVER L'opeÌ?rateur AT&T a signeÌ? avec Boeing un contrat destineÌ? aÌ? fournir aux passagers des vols commerciaux de Boeing une connexion Internet haut deÌ?bit. C'est par liaison satellite que la socieÌ?teÌ? AT&T permettra aux passagers d'avoir acceÌ?s aÌ? l'Internet haut deÌ?bit au-dessus des territoires ameÌ?ricains et des eaux territoriales ameÌ?ricaines. En deÌ?cembre dernier, Boeing avait reçu de la Commission feÌ?deÌ?rale des communications l'autorisation de fournir ce service qui devrait permettre de consulter son courrier eÌ?lectronique comme de transmettre et recevoir en vol des donneÌ?es informatiques, que ce soit du son ou de l'image. Boeing espeÌ?re que ce nouveau service sera mis aÌ? disposition des voyageurs d'ici fin 2002 voire deÌ?but 2003.
+LANDERNEAU Le concept qui aboutira quelques deÌ?cennies plus tard au slogan "Leclerc eÌ?crase les prix" date du milieu du XXeÌ?me sieÌ?cle. En 1949, Edouard Leclerc ouvre deux petits magasins d'alimentation dans le FinisteÌ?re. Son originaliteÌ?, qui lui vaudra d'eÌ?tre appeleÌ? 'roi du discount', reÌ?side dans sa volonteÌ? de vendre au prix le plus bas possible. Son projet ne passe pas sans heurt: les producteurs de lait locaux lui reprochent de leur faire gagner moins que ses rivaux. Leclerc ne se laisse pas impressionner et parvient aÌ? persuader les producteurs qu'il peut vendre plus de lait aÌ? un prix bon marcheÌ? que ses rivaux ne le font aÌ? un prix eÌ?leveÌ?.
+Le squatting envahissant
+Philips miniaturise sa technologie
+Harrods en tombeau
+Quand Lego se fait expo
+Expo. 'Des briques et des ceÌ?leÌ?briteÌ?s', jusqu'au 29 juin au centre commercial City 2, rue Neuve aÌ? Bruxelles
+LONDRES Microsoft vient de lancer son service de messagerie 'Instant Messenger' pour teÌ?leÌ?phones portables. Un accord a eÌ?teÌ? obtenu au preÌ?alable avec huit opeÌ?rateurs europeÌ?ens. ConcreÌ?tement, ce service deÌ?jaÌ? opeÌ?rant aux Etats-Unis permet aÌ? un message envoyeÌ? sur un ordinateur deÌ?connecteÌ? d'eÌ?tre redirigeÌ? automatiquement sous forme de SMS sur un GSM. Parmi les opeÌ?rateurs partenaires, on compte Proximus en Belgique et KPN Mobile aux Pays-Bas. En tout, preÌ?s de 31 millions d'utilisateurs auront acceÌ?s aÌ? ce service s'ils le deÌ?cident. Ceux-ci seront factureÌ?s pour chaque message envoyeÌ? sur leurs ordinateurs et redirigeÌ? sur leurs GSM. Ce service existe eÌ?galement via le portail Hotmail.
+SEOUL
+ING Life, une compagnie multinationale d'assurances dont le sieÌ?ge est aux Pays-Bas, a publieÌ? une annonce dans trois quotidiens sportifs coreÌ?ens pour vanter son "assurance-vie non-conventionnelle aÌ? l'image de la strateÌ?gie non-conventionnelle de Guus Hiddink". Elle aussi a en preÌ?paration une campagne de marketing centreÌ?e sur le coach. Actuellement, 279 entreprises neÌ?erlandaises sont recenseÌ?es en CoreÌ?e du Sud parmi lesquelles, notamment, Philips, Royal Dutch Shell, ABN Amro et Unilever. Avec Â? 10,6 milliards, les Pays-Bas sont le troisieÌ?me investisseur eÌ?tranger dans le pays apreÌ?s les Etats-Unis et le Japon.
+WOLFSBURG Hier eÌ?tait un jour historique pour la Golf de Volkswagen. Le 21.517.415eÌ?me exemplaire est en effet sorti de la chaiÌ?ne de montage allemande aÌ? Wolfsburg. ApreÌ?s 28 ans de fabrication, elle arrive enfin aÌ? deÌ?troÌ?ner la fameuse Coccinelle, jusqu'aÌ? preÌ?sent la voiture la plus commercialiseÌ?e par Volkswagen. La Golf, dont le premier modeÌ?le remonte aÌ? 1974, semble eÌ?tre pour beaucoup la voiture la plus commercialiseÌ?e au monde. En reÌ?aliteÌ?, ce titre revient aÌ? la Toyota Corolla, produite aÌ? plus de 30 millions d'exemplaires. La Coccinelle est encore produite aÌ? Mexico aÌ? raison de 40.000 exemplaires par an.
+tou
+--par Paul Geitner--
+Celle-ci survient alors que l'Union europeÌ?enne, rejointe en cela par l'Inde, la ThaiÌ?lande et une dizaine d'autres pays, a saisi l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) pour que l'on deÌ?fende les appelations d'origine controÌ?leÌ?e avec un registre mondial des produits qui comportent des liens geÌ?ographiques "uniques".
+Les autoriteÌ?s italiennes avaient saisi des fromages en 1999 et entameÌ? une proceÌ?dure criminelle pour fraude commerciale et vente de produits mal eÌ?tiqueteÌ?s.
+Elle a eÌ?galement indiqueÌ? qu'une fois qu'un pays europeÌ?en avait proteÌ?geÌ? un nom, les produits qui ne reÌ?pondent pas aux speÌ?cificiteÌ?s de ce nom ne peuvent pas eÌ?tre leÌ?galement commercialiseÌ?s dans aucun autre pays europeÌ?en. Dans le cas contraire, les consommateurs seraient trompeÌ?s et des conditions injustes de concurrence creÌ?eÌ?es.
+La confeÌ?deÌ?ration agricole italienne, Confagricoltura, a eÌ?galement feÌ?liciteÌ? "l'important pas en avant (...) vers une protection effective des appellations d'origine controÌ?leÌ?e".
+L'initiative europeÌ?enne annonceÌ?e devant l'OMC mardi doit eÌ?tre preÌ?senteÌ?e devant un conseil de l'institution mercredi. Elle propose la creÌ?ation d'un registre mondial avant la fin 2003 qui garantirait l'origine des produits de "grande qualiteÌ?". AP
+Les Lions du SeÌ?neÌ?gal aÌ? la rescousse du Coq Sportif
+Le treÌ?s beau parcours de l'eÌ?quipe du SeÌ?neÌ?gal au Mondial 2002, dont elle a eÌ?teÌ? eÌ?limineÌ?e seulement en quarts de finale, a offert une formidable vitrine aÌ? la marque Le Coq Sportif. Voici encore trois ans, celle-ci eÌ?tait menaceÌ?e de disparition. Les Lions du SeÌ?neÌ?gal, qu'elle parraine depuis un an, lui ont donneÌ? une superbe revanche. A l'origine, Le Coq Sportif voulait soutenir "une eÌ?quipe diffeÌ?rente, qui joue un football plaisir sans se prendre au seÌ?rieux", explique Thierry Scheydecker, le directeur geÌ?neÌ?ral de cette socieÌ?teÌ? eÌ?tablie preÌ?s de Mulhouse, dans le Haut-Rhin.
+L'histoire de ce fabriquant d'articles de sport remonte aÌ? 1925, anneÌ?e de la fondation d'une petite socieÌ?teÌ? par Emile Camuset, qu'on consideÌ?re d'ailleurs comme l'inventeur du surveÌ?tement. La marque Le Coq sportif a quant aÌ? elle eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e en 1948, avant d'eÌ?tre reprise en 1974 par Adidas.
+Lillywhites, magasin d'articles de sport, s'implante en Belgique
+Lillywhites, la chaiÌ?ne britannique d'articles de sport, ouvrira samedi son premier magasin en Belgique dans le centre commercial City II aÌ? Bruxelles. Sur une superficie de 2.000 meÌ?tres carreÌ?s, le nouveau magasin emploiera 25 personnes.
+Jos Linkens, directeur de Disport, preÌ?feÌ?re ne pas trop se prononcer sur l'avenir des trois marques. Il y a actuellement, en Belgique, 3 Sports Soccer, 24 Disport et 1 Lillywhites. Une deÌ?cision quant aÌ? l'avenir de ces vitrines devrait tomber en fin d'anneÌ?e en fonction des reÌ?sultats.
+La cible viseÌ?e par la chaiÌ?ne britannique se situe entre 15 et 45 ans. Selon Jos Linkens, il sera toujours plus fait reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? la techniciteÌ? du sport. Il a preÌ?ciseÌ? que Lillywhites n'a pas l'intention de devenir un magasin de "veÌ?tements aÌ? la mode".
+Le sportif Lillywhites s'implante en Belgique
+Magnum amateur version Mini
+Du 7 au 11 novembre prochains, 80 deÌ?tectives amateurs venus du monde entier devront retrouver des oeuvres d'arts voleÌ?es. Leur seule arme de service sera une Mini Cooper S. Cette Mission Mini est un projet de communication original du Group BMW. L'ideÌ?e est baseÌ?e sur une enqueÌ?te policieÌ?re non eÌ?lucideÌ?e, eÌ?crite par la romancieÌ?re eÌ?cossaise Val McDermid. Passant de la fiction aÌ? la reÌ?aliteÌ?, 80 candidats pourront jouer les deÌ?tectives en menant leur enqueÌ?te aÌ? la recherche d'oeuvres d'art voleÌ?es dans une galerie aÌ? Barcelone: six collages de l'artiste ameÌ?ricain Peter Halley. L'action se deÌ?roulera durant cinq jours dans cette meÌ?tropole espagnole. Des Mini Cooper seront mises aÌ? la disposition des deÌ?tectives amateurs pour faciliter leur chasse aux malfrats. Pour participer aÌ? l'aventure, il faut eÌ?tre seÌ?lectionneÌ? apreÌ?s avoir envoyeÌ? un 'portrait d'agent' chez Mini avant le 30 septembre de cette anneÌ?e. Il faut en outre reÌ?pondre a
Ì? certains criteÌ?res, comme eÌ?tre majeur, disposeÌ? d'un permis de conduire et reÌ?sider dans l'un des pays participants. Interview par teÌ?leÌ?phone et casting font partie eÌ?galement de la seÌ?lection. Dernier plus, avoir lu le polar Mission Mini de Val McDermid qui paraiÌ?tra aÌ? la mi-aouÌ?t dans le monde entier.
+Halte aux pop-ups qui parasitent les sites web
+Plusieurs quotidiens ameÌ?ricains viennent de porter plainte contre Gator, une firme publicitaire qui fait apparaiÌ?tre des feneÌ?tres pop-up lorsque des internautes visitent leurs sites web. Le 'New York Times', 'USA Today', le 'Wall Street Journal' et le 'Washington Post' accusent Gator et son logiciel pop-up de "parasiter l'Internet au deÌ?triment du contenu des sites des autres". Ils ont demandeÌ? cette semaine une injonction du tribunal d'Alexandria (Virginie) ainsi que des dommages et inteÌ?reÌ?ts, dont le montant n'a pas eÌ?teÌ? speÌ?cifieÌ?. "Nous enqueÌ?tons pour rassembler les informations et creÌ?er un site attrayant", a souligneÌ? Terence Ross, l'avocat des quotidiens. "Gator, sans faire d'investissement comparable, en reÌ?colte les profits".
+Martini bianco ou rossi, mais pas dry
+ESSO assigne Greenpeace pour le deÌ?tournement de son logo
+La compagnie peÌ?trolieÌ?re ESSO, filiale française de la socieÌ?teÌ? ameÌ?ricaine ExxonMobil, a assigneÌ? lundi devant la juge des reÌ?feÌ?reÌ?s du tribunal de grande instance de Paris l'association eÌ?cologiste Greenpeace pour "imitation et reproduction illicite de sa marque" sur le site internet greenpeace.fr. La deÌ?cision a eÌ?teÌ? mise en deÌ?libeÌ?reÌ? au 8 juillet. La compagnie peÌ?trolieÌ?re reproche au groupe eÌ?cologiste d'utiliser largement le logo ovale de ESSO en ayant transformeÌ? les 'S' en '$' dans le cadre de sa campagne StopESSO relayeÌ?e par le site internet.
+ESSO demande la transformation du site et l'interdiction de l'utilisation de son logo sous astreinte de Â? 80.000 par jour de retard. Les avocats de Greenpeace ont plaideÌ? le rejet de la demande.
+EDINBOURG Le fameux whisky eÌ?cossais Johnnie Walker trouve ses origines en 1820 dans la cave d'un eÌ?picier amateur de vins et spiritueux. John Walker y distillait ce breuvage pour sa consommation familiale. Par contre, c'est son fils Alexander qui fit connaiÌ?tre ce spiritueux ambreÌ? aÌ? souhait. Marchand de tapis de son eÌ?tat, il fit la renommeÌ?e du whisky paternel en le faisant gouÌ?ter aux nombreux repreÌ?sentants qui freÌ?quentaient son magasin. Vu le succeÌ?s, Alexander troqua son commerce de tapis contre un magasin de spiritueux aÌ? Londres et y diffusa le Walker's kilmarnock whisky. Il ne pouvait pas mieux choisir son eÌ?poque, puisque le cognac français eÌ?tait devenu rare aÌ? cause du phylloxera, un parasite qui s'attaquait aux vignes. Mais il faudra attendre 20 ans apreÌ?s la mort d'Alexander pour que le gouÌ?teux whisky soit baptiseÌ? du nom de son fondateur Johnnie Walker et soit vendu dans le monde entier.
+PEKIN En Chine, ouÌ? 4,5 aÌ? 5 millions de teÌ?leÌ?phones mobile sont vendus chaque mois, le marcheÌ? du portable est particulieÌ?rement soumis aux caprices de la mode. Ainsi, les fabricants de mobiles locaux, qui ont l'avantage de bien connaiÌ?tre les gouÌ?ts des consommateurs, essayent de rivaliser avec des entreprises multinationales telles que Siemens, Ericsson, Motorola ou Nokia.
+Il faut dire que les Chinois -et plus particulieÌ?rement les Chinoises- appreÌ?cient particulieÌ?rement les portables au design un peu kitch. Exemple: la firme Eastcom propose un appareil baptiseÌ? 'Oriental Pearl' deÌ?coreÌ? d'une peau de Gourami, un poisson aux jolies eÌ?cailles iriseÌ?es. Quant aÌ? la socieÌ?teÌ? TCL, elle a mis sur le marcheÌ? des teÌ?leÌ?phones incrusteÌ?s de diamants, soit faux, soit vrais, selon les modeÌ?les. MoraliteÌ?: les multinationales qui veulent s'implanter solidement en Chine essayent de s'adapter aux gouÌ?ts locaux et, sans renoncer aÌ? la qualiteÌ? de leurs produits, insistent deÌ?sormais plus sur le 'look' et le 'fun'. A l'image de Motorola qui propose un teÌ?leÌ?phone en forme de trou de serrure aux consommateurs chinois.
+TOKYO La marque Seiko, connue pour ses montres aÌ? quartz, a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e par l'horloger Kintaro Hattori en 1924. A l'eÌ?poque, le jeune Japonais eÌ?tait deÌ?jaÌ? aÌ? la teÌ?te de la socieÌ?teÌ? K. Hattori & Co, qui en 1913, avait produit la premieÌ?re montre bracelet fabriqueÌ?e dans son pays. La marque Seiko, dont le nom veut dire 'preÌ?cision' en Japonais, s'illustre dans ce domaine depuis des deÌ?cennies. ApreÌ?s avoir eÌ?teÌ? choisie comme chronomeÌ?treur officiel des Jeux Olympiques de Tokyo en 1964, la socieÌ?teÌ? Seiko Corporation a en effet lanceÌ?, en 1969, la premieÌ?re montre aÌ? quartz, dont une version feÌ?minine fut mise sur le marcheÌ? en 1972.
+GRENOBLE
+L'histoire de Teisseire remonte au 18eÌ?me sieÌ?cle. L'inventeur de ce qui deviendra du sirop de fruit eÌ?tait au deÌ?part fabriquant de... vinaigre. Mathieu Teisseire laisse tomber son activiteÌ? de vinaigrier quand, en 1720, il invente une liqueur aÌ? base de cerise. Il choisit sa ville, Grenoble, pour fonder une distillerie.
+Mais le bidon meÌ?tallique connaiÌ?tra des eÌ?volutions. En 1989, il est doteÌ? d'un nouveau bouchon 'boule'. Ensuite, en 1994, soit 35 ans apreÌ?s sa creÌ?ation, le bidon de sirop perd sa forme 'droite' pour devenir plus ergonomique avant que le logo ne change lui aussi en 2000.
+Par ailleurs, la socieÌ?teÌ? s'agrandit dans la seconde partie du 20eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, notamment par des acquisitions. ApreÌ?s une prise de participation dans Szobi Szorp, leader du sirop en Hongrie, Teisseire racheÌ?te Givrafruits et reprend Jus de Fruits ReÌ?unis. Teisseire emploie plus de 500 personnes dans ses diffeÌ?rentes filiales.
+PARIS
+Les internautes de juillet ont donc visiblement eu aÌ? coeur de preÌ?parer leurs vacances sur le Web, meÌ?me si le temps n'eÌ?tait pas forceÌ?ment au beau fixe. La cateÌ?gorie 'Voyage' des sites repris par Nielsen//NetRatings a passeÌ? pour la premieÌ?re fois en juillet la barre des 40% de couverture des internautes français avec 41,3%, soit 4,3 millions d'individus.
+Selon l'enqueÌ?te, ces chiffres confirment l'excellente santeÌ? des e-voyagistes: sur un an, le nombre d'internautes ayant consulteÌ? au moins un site de la cateÌ?gorie Voyage a progresseÌ? de 66%, alors que le nombre total des internautes actifs français n'a progresseÌ? que de 32% sur la meÌ?me peÌ?riode.
+On notera enfin qu'avant de partir en vacances, les internautes ont bien pris soin de veÌ?rifier les reÌ?sultats de leurs examens de fin d'anneÌ?e, puisque 13% d'entre eux ont consulteÌ? les sites deÌ?dieÌ?s aÌ? cet effet.
+BARCELONE Comme annonceÌ? il y a quelques semaines dans Metro, "Mission Mini", roman policier inacheveÌ? de l'auteur de best-sellers Val McDermid, est disponible depuis le 15 aouÌ?t sur Internet. Les deÌ?tectives amateurs peuvent commencer leur enqueÌ?te virtuellement, inspecter diffeÌ?rentes pistes via les feneÌ?tres "suspects", "vol d'art" et "rapports d'interrogation", avant de se lancer reÌ?ellement sur les traces du voleur au volant d'une Mini. De la fiction aÌ? la reÌ?aliteÌ?, il n'y a qu'un pas... Un pas que pouvez franchir en vous inscrivant sur le site Web avant le 20 septembre. Du 7 au 11 novembre, BMW Group donne rendez-vous aÌ? 80 agents amateurs de 17 pays diffeÌ?rents dans la capitale catalane, aÌ? Barcelone.
+Cacharel est l'affaire d'un homme, celle de Jean Louis Henri Bousquet. C'est en 1962 que ce Français deÌ?pose sa ceÌ?leÌ?bre marque qui suivra l'eÌ?volution sociale de la femme dans la deuxieÌ?me moitieÌ? du 20e sieÌ?cle. Homme de marketing, Bousquet fait descendre la mode dans la rue et participe, avec d'autres, aÌ? l'eÌ?closion du preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter. Sa premieÌ?re collection de chemisiers et jupes coloreÌ?es est un succeÌ?s. TreÌ?s vite, ses collections se diversifient et s'eÌ?tendent aux veÌ?tements pour hommes et enfants. En 1978, la marque Cacharel accroiÌ?t encore sa notorieÌ?teÌ? avec son premier parfum, AnaiÌ?s AnaiÌ?s, aujourd'hui devenu un embleÌ?me. La gamme de parfums s'eÌ?largit en 1978 avec la sortie de Loulou, suivi aÌ? l'aube du nouveau milleÌ?naire par Noa. Sans oublier les nouveaux venus comme Nemo ou Gloria.
+LONDRES La socieÌ?teÌ? Taylor Nelson Sofres a, selon le site 6minutes.net, reÌ?aliseÌ? une eÌ?tude deÌ?montrant que les utilisateurs de teÌ?leÌ?phones mobiles britanniques gardent leur GSM de plus en plus longtemps. Il y a un an, ils conservaient en geÌ?neÌ?ral leur appareil pendant 16 mois, dureÌ?e qui est aujourd'hui passeÌ?e aÌ? 20 mois en moyenne. ConseÌ?quence de taille pour les fabricants de GSM: les utilisateurs de portables ont moins tendance aÌ? acheter un appareil flambant neuf posseÌ?dant toute une seÌ?rie de nouvelles fonctions. La socieÌ?teÌ? Taylor Nelson Sofres remarque encore que la fideÌ?liteÌ? aÌ? un teÌ?leÌ?phone mobile s'accroiÌ?t avec l'aÌ?ge. En effet, les Britanniques de 12-14 ans gardent leur GSM plus ou moins 17 mois, contre 21 mois pour les 35-45 ans.
+DETROIT Cadillac... Le nom d'une des plus luxueuses marques de voitures ameÌ?ricaines eÌ?voque certains patronymes qu'on retrouve dans le sud-ouest de la France... et ce n'est pas un hasard. En effet, la socieÌ?teÌ? qui produit, depuis le deÌ?but du 20eÌ?me sieÌ?cle, des veÌ?hicules synonymes de luxe et de succeÌ?s, porte le meÌ?me nom qu'un village de la reÌ?gion bordelaise ouÌ? vivent aÌ? peine 2.360 habitants. L'un d'entre eux, Antoine de la Mothe de Cadillac, s'est illustreÌ? en fondant la ville ameÌ?ricaine de Detroit en 1701. Environ deux sieÌ?cles plus tard, une compagnie automobile reprise par l'entrepreneur et meÌ?canicien Henry Leland sera baptiseÌ?e Cadillac en l'honneur du fondateur de Detroit. La firme Cadillac deviendra ensuite un des porte-drapeaux de la socieÌ?teÌ? General Motors, dont elle est toujours l'un des fleurons.
+LONDRES La dernieÌ?re affiche publicitaire de Calvin Klein, qui montre un couple torse nu s'embrassant aÌ? pleine bouche, a choqueÌ? de nombreux Britanniques. L'Advertising Standards Authority, l'organisme de veÌ?rification publicitaire, a d'ailleurs reçu des dizaines de plaintes concernant cette campagne publicitaire jugeÌ?e trop explicite. L'affiche incrimineÌ?e preÌ?sente un homme qui dissimule en partie la poitrine de sa partenaire aÌ? l'aide d'un flacon de parfum qu'il tient dans la main. Son autre main, objet du scandale, disparaiÌ?t dans le pantalon de l'embrasseÌ?e. Cette campagne "photographieÌ?e avec gouÌ?t refleÌ?te le glamour, la beauteÌ? et la sensualiteÌ? de notre marque", se deÌ?fend Calvin Klein qui n'a reçu qu'une mise en garde du bureau britannique.
+Lafuma, la reÌ?feÌ?rence du routard
+
+ L'Unicef, qui deÌ?fend depuis des anneÌ?es le droit des enfants aÌ? avoir un bon eÌ?quilibre alimentaire, s'est associeÌ? aÌ? McDonald's pour lancer une opeÌ?ration aÌ? l'occasion de la JourneÌ?e mondiale des enfants en novembre prochain. La chaiÌ?ne de restauration rapide meÌ?nera une action promotionnelle dans quelque 30.000 restaurants implanteÌ?s dans 121 pays. Une occasion en or pour McDonald's, qui a entrepris de lancer un programme afin d'ameÌ?liorer la qualiteÌ? nutritionnelle de ses produits. En outre, l'un de ses derniers sandwich en date, le 'McAfrica', suscite une poleÌ?mique en plein sommet de Johannesburg, en particulier parmi les pays ouÌ? reÌ?gne la famine.
+
+"Alors que l'ideÌ?e des hypermarcheÌ?s est d'attirer les clients, celles des magasins tels que GB Express est de rencontrer les gens laÌ? ouÌ? ils se trouvent", explique GenevieÌ?ve Bruynseels, porte-parole de Carrefour.
+Chez Delhaize, l'ouverture du "shop'n go" dans un complexe hospitalier constituait une primeur pour le groupe qui compte deÌ?jaÌ? une vingtaine de "shop'n go" eÌ?tablis dans les stations-services Q8. Delhaize posseÌ?de eÌ?galement d'autres formules telles que les "Delhaize City", magasins inteÌ?greÌ?s localiseÌ?s dans les endroits de passages des centres urbains et les "Delhaize Proxi", sites de quelque 400 m2 associeÌ?s aux superettes de quartier et offrant environ 7.000 produits.
+Gain de temps et d'argent via le Net
+PlayStation 2 en ligne
+Le 'Club-Med', une ideÌ?e belge
+Le premier village du 'Club MeÌ?diterraneÌ?e' a ouvert ses portes en 1950, aÌ? Alcudia, dans les BaleÌ?ares. Depuis, plus d'une centaine d'autres clubs ont suivi. Le 'Club Med' est une ideÌ?e bien belge. Le fondateur de ce premier club de vacances est un diamantaire anversois, Gerard Blitz. Il sera rapidement rejoint par Gilbert Trigano, qui deviendra son associeÌ?. Il s'agit alors d'un tout nouveau concept de vacances. Les premiers villages de toiles du deÌ?but seront petit aÌ? petit remplaceÌ?s par des villages de cases et de bungalows. Le 'Club-MeÌ?diterraneÌ?e' instaurera aussi des concepts nouveaux, comme celui de G.O, les Gentils Organisateurs, devenus ceÌ?leÌ?bres dans le monde entier.
+Le 'Club-Med' s'impose aujourd'hui parmi les leaders mondiaux du tourisme et propose actuellement preÌ?s de 120 lieux de villeÌ?giature de par le monde. Onze nouveaux centres sont preÌ?vus d'ici aÌ? 2003. Hiver comme eÌ?teÌ?, sur les pistes enneigeÌ?es, sous le soleil de la MeÌ?diterraneÌ?e ou la chaleur des tropiques, le 'Club-Med' accueille les vacanciers. Philippe Bourguignon est aujourd'hui aÌ? la teÌ?te du groupe. Le chiffre d'affaires du 'Club MeÌ?diterraneÌ?e' pour le 3eÌ?me trimestre 2002 (de mai aÌ? juillet), s'eÌ?leÌ?ve par ailleurs aÌ? Â? 451 millions.
+Chaussure aÌ? consonnance nazie
+Delhaize s'installe aÌ? l'hoÌ?pital
+Delhaize Belgique vient d'ouvrir un Shop'n Go sur le site de l'hoÌ?pital bruxellois Erasme. Une primeur pour Delhaize qui avait plutoÌ?t l'habitude d'associer ce type de magasins aux station-essence Q8. Implanter ce genre de magasins preÌ?t aÌ? consommer dans une galerie commerciale aÌ? l'entreÌ?e d'un hoÌ?pital pourrait aÌ? priori surprendre. Bien qu'en y reÌ?fleÌ?chissant, un hoÌ?pital n'est pas seulement rempli de malades. Le va-et-vient incessant des visiteurs, des patients et du personnel hospitalier repreÌ?sente en effet dans un grand eÌ?tablissement une part de marcheÌ? inteÌ?ressante.
+Cette ouverture dans l'hoÌ?pital bruxellois Erasme porte ainsi aÌ? 22 le nombre de points de vente Shop'n Go. Une enseigne en expansion que Delhaize compte bien faire progresser encore. Car ce concept de petite surface de vente (100 aÌ? 200 m2) pour un achat rapide 24h/24 connaiÌ?t un succeÌ?s croissant aupreÌ?s du consommateur plus 'volatile', spontaneÌ? et fragmentant ses achats durant la semaine.
+TOKYO
+DeÌ?tenue aÌ? 44% par le groupe français Renault, Nissan entend donc reÌ?duire ses couÌ?ts de production en abandonnant ces chaiÌ?nes de montages particulieÌ?res aux modeÌ?les sport et en privileÌ?giant la fabrication de veÌ?hicules au prix plus abordable.
+auto.sport.free.fr/SOMMAIRE.htm
+PARIS
+Cette berline de 3,90 m de long pour un poids de 980 kilos dispose sur le coÌ?teÌ? droit d'une portieÌ?re arrieÌ?re aÌ? double sens d'ouverture. Les deux portes, avant et arrieÌ?re, peuvent ainsi s'ouvrir comme une porte-feneÌ?tre, facilitant d'autant l'acceÌ?s au veÌ?hicule qu'il n'y a pas de montant central de carrosserie. Elle offre un long toit transparent, eÌ?quipeÌ? de cellules solaires contribuant aÌ? la bonne gestion de la climatisation dans l'habitacle. L'inteÌ?rieur en a eÌ?teÌ? simplifieÌ? au maximum, avec des sieÌ?ges ultra-minces et susceptibles de se replier entieÌ?rement dans le plancher et une planche de bord avec une commande centrale multi-fonctions eÌ?galement escamotable.
+Dans cette meÌ?me logique, 'Ellypse' est composeÌ?e en majoriteÌ? de mateÌ?riaux recycleÌ?s ou recyclables, notamment l'aluminium qui permet un alleÌ?gement du veÌ?hicule pour une plus faible consommation.
+SN Brussels Airlines change de look
+Lancement de la "Yaris Wanadoo"
+Des huissiers treÌ?s Net
+Une eÌ?tude d'huissier en ligne? C'est possible! huissiers.com offrira bientoÌ?t en France la possibiliteÌ? de commander en ligne des actes simples. Besoin d'une sommation, d'une demande de pension alimentaire ou d'une assignation? Le site huissiers.com permettra bientoÌ?t la deÌ?livrance de ces actes simples sur le Net. MaiÌ?tre Jean-Louis Haugel, proprieÌ?taire du nom de Domaine et huissier de son eÌ?tat, deÌ?clare ainsi sur le journal du Net que "les clients n'ont plus aÌ? se deÌ?placer. Il leur suffit de nous adresser un scan d'un document d'origine, un jugement de divorce par exemple, pour que nous puissions agir". Une ideÌ?e qui va de soi pour ce passionneÌ? de technologie qui a relieÌ? depuis deux ans son cabinet aux reÌ?seaux informatiques de ses clients. Une suite logique quand on pense aÌ? tous ces dossiers qui transitent deÌ?jaÌ? par modem ou sont envoyeÌ?s sous forme de disquettes.
+Moins de graisses dans les frites de McDonald's
+Cindy lance sa ligne de cosmeÌ?tiques
+232 vins "exceptionnels" dans le Guide Hachette 2003
+Avez-vous l'agiliteÌ? d'un garçon de cafeÌ??
+Lecteurs de DVD directement produits par les geÌ?ants japonais
+Matchbox a 50 ans
+Mort de l'inventeur de la mitraillette Uzi (2) produite aussi aÌ? la FN
+La Fabrique Nationale (FN) d'Herstal a eÌ?galement produit des mitraillettes sous licence Uzi, a indiqueÌ? lundi le porte-parole de l'entreprise, revenant sur le deÌ?ceÌ?s d'Uziel Gal. Ces armes ont eÌ?teÌ? fabriqueÌ?es en 1958 pour l'armeÌ?e belge.
+Ces adaptations ont d'ailleurs fait de la mitraillette une des armes les plus vendues au monde. "La mitraillette Uzi est l'arme du 20eÌ?me sieÌ?cle", selon le directeur du museÌ?e.
+DeÌ?ceÌ?s d'Uzi Gal, "peÌ?re" du pistolet-mitrailleur du meÌ?me nom
+Uzi Gal, un IsraeÌ?lien de 79 ans deÌ?ceÌ?deÌ? en fin de semaine, avait inventeÌ? il y a preÌ?s de 50 ans l'une des armes les plus ceÌ?leÌ?bres du XXeÌ?me sieÌ?cle, un pistolet-mitrailleur qui porte son preÌ?nom et a eÌ?teÌ? vendue dans le monde entier.
+Le prototype de l'Uzi, arme ultra-leÌ?geÌ?re aÌ? canon court de calibre 9 mm, preÌ?cise et simple aÌ? deÌ?monter, avait eÌ?teÌ? preÌ?senteÌ? en 1954. Deux ans plus tard, elle sortait des chaiÌ?nes de production des Industries militaires israeÌ?liennes pour devenir un label mondial d'efficaciteÌ?.
+A ce jour, l'Uzi a eÌ?teÌ? vendue aÌ? quelque deux millions d'exemplaires aÌ? travers le monde.
+Le petit pistolet-mitrailleur devient meÌ?me l'image de marque d'IsraeÌ?l. L'arme est notamment priseÌ?e par les uniteÌ?s de commandos, les service de garde rapprocheÌ?e des personnaliteÌ?s, mais aussi la peÌ?gre internationale.
+MalgreÌ? cette gloire, Uzi Gal eÌ?tait demeureÌ? discret et modeste. Son invention avait pourtant rapporteÌ? des milliards de dollars aÌ? IsraeÌ?l, mais il ne s'eÌ?tait pas enrichi personnellement, puisqu'il eÌ?tait employeÌ? par l'Etat.
+Son peÌ?re Ari, un artiste peintre, et sa meÌ?re Mila ont d'embleÌ?e compris les risques encourus et se sont expatrieÌ?s en Grande Bretagne.
+Le Palmach, uniteÌ? d'eÌ?lite de la Hagana, noyau clandestin de la future armeÌ?e israeÌ?lienne, comprend le parti qu'il peut tirer de son geÌ?nie et lui confie la direction de son deÌ?partement "armements", bien qu'il n'ait jamais obtenu un diploÌ?me d'ingeÌ?nieur.
+Trois ans plus tard, il beÌ?neÌ?ficie d'une graÌ?ce. Mais la premieÌ?re guerre israeÌ?lo-arabe se profile apreÌ?s la proclamation de l'Etat d'IsraeÌ?l, le 15 mai 1948. L'Uzi est deÌ?jaÌ? en gestation.
+Toujours autodidacte, il apprendra plus tard aÌ? maiÌ?triser l'ordinateur et mettra au point des logiciels pour la production en seÌ?rie d'armes.
+Infatigable, il propose aÌ? l'aÌ?ge de 72 ans un pistolet ultra-performant aux Industries militaires israeÌ?liennes, le "Uzi-201". Mais son projet est refuseÌ?, car l'eÌ?re des "Barak", la nouvelle geÌ?neÌ?ration des pistolets israeÌ?liens, a deÌ?jaÌ? commenceÌ?.
+JERUSALEM
+Le prototype de l'Uzi, arme ultra-leÌ?geÌ?re aÌ? canon court de calibre 9 mm, preÌ?cise et simple aÌ? deÌ?monter, a eÌ?teÌ? preÌ?senteÌ? en 1954 par son concepteur. Deux ans plus tard, elle sort des chaiÌ?nes de production des Industries militaires israeÌ?liennes pour devenir un label mondial d'efficaciteÌ?. "C'est une arme simple aÌ? manier, peu couÌ?teuse, d'une grande puissance de tir et extreÌ?mement fiable, avec une porteÌ?e de 150 aÌ? 200 meÌ?tres. En son temps, elle eÌ?tait consideÌ?reÌ?e comme la meilleure de sa cateÌ?gorie", assure le geÌ?neÌ?ral RaphaeÌ?l Eytan, ex-chef d'eÌ?tat-major de l'armeÌ?e israeÌ?lienne. A ce jour, l'Uzi a eÌ?teÌ? vendue aÌ? quelque deux millions d'exemplaires aÌ? travers le monde.
+Le petit pistolet-mitrailleur devient meÌ?me l'image de marque d'IsraeÌ?l. L'arme est notamment priseÌ?e par les uniteÌ?s de commandos, les services de garde rapprocheÌ?e des personnaliteÌ?s, mais aussi la peÌ?gre internationale. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Clint Eastwood et autres ceÌ?leÌ?briteÌ?s de Hollywood ont contribueÌ? aÌ? sa gloire.
+cybereb.free.fr/pms4.html
+
+'Max Havelaar', qui s'est doteÌ? d'un tout nouveau logo, plaide pour un commerce plus eÌ?quitable en stimulant "des produits du tiers-monde dont la production se fait dans des conditions qui respectent la digniteÌ? humaine et l'environnement". L'organisme proceÌ?de aÌ? des labellisations qui garantissent des criteÌ?res internationaux de transactions eÌ?quitables. Connu dans un premier temps pour son cafeÌ?, ce label a ensuite eÌ?largi son offre de produits avec l'arriveÌ?e de bananes, de jus d'orange, de theÌ?, de miel et de sucre de canne.
+GeÌ?rer son compte Proximus en ligne
+Une assurance pour les GSM
+Coca et Pepsi interdit d'Himalaya
+FRANCE TELECOM ORANGE BON
+Michel Bon: ceÌ?der une partie des actions Orange serait "ruiner l'avenir" de France TeÌ?leÌ?com
+Michel Bon affirme que l'Etat, actionnaire majoritaire avec 55,4% des parts, lui a assureÌ? que l'uniteÌ? du groupe ne serait pas remis en cause. "CeÌ?der une partie des actions Orange serait vraiment ruiner l'avenir pour reÌ?colter trois sous", juge-t-il aÌ? ce propos.
+Michel Bon a preÌ?senteÌ? sa deÌ?mission jeudi dernier aÌ? l'issue d'un conseil d'administration au cours duquel l'entreprise a annonceÌ? une perte semestrielle record de 12,2 milliards d'euros. Son successeur doit eÌ?tre deÌ?signeÌ? au plus tard au deÌ?but du mois d'octobre.
+la/ma
+Bugatti de retour dans le Bas-Rhin
+Bugatti revient au source en installant l'usine de fabrication de la Veyron aÌ? Dorlisheim (Bas-Rhin), dans le prolongement du chaÌ?teau Saint-Jean reÌ?noveÌ? depuis deux ans par la firme Volkswagen. C'est laÌ? que sera installeÌ? le sieÌ?ge de la marque et les locaux d'accueil des futurs clients de cette luxueuse voiture. Cinquante exemplaires sont preÌ?vus par an, et la premieÌ?re berline devrait sortir fin 2003. Cette voiture aux 16 cylindres, caracteÌ?riseÌ?e par une puissance de 1.001 chevaux, une boiÌ?te aÌ? sept rapports et un embrayage double, avait eÌ?teÌ? reÌ?veÌ?leÌ?e au Salon de l'automobile de Francfort l'anneÌ?e dernieÌ?re et sera preÌ?senteÌ?e au prochain Mondial de l'auto aÌ? Paris. Son prix: Â? 1 million environ, ce qui en fait l'une des voitures les plus cheÌ?res du monde. Cependant, Bugatti table d'ores et deÌ?jaÌ? sur un millier de clients potentiels.
+Love Air, une compagnie aeÌ?rienne pour monter au septieÌ?me ciel
+Des bikinis pour un cercueil
+Marcom 2002 au service des professionnels
+Au Brussels Kart Expo le mercredi 25 septembre de 10 aÌ? 19 heures et le jeudi 26 septembre de 10 aÌ? 18 heures.
+WASHINGTON Plus d'un tiers des internautes ameÌ?ricains (36%) se deÌ?tournent des sites trop encombreÌ?s de publiciteÌ?s, selon une eÌ?tude de Burst Media. La pub exaspeÌ?re de plus en plus les surfeurs du pays de l'Oncle Sam. Selon les dires de 60% d'entre eux, les produits et services qui apparaissent sur ces sites trop publicitaires laissent une mauvaise impression. Deux tiers des internautes deÌ?clarent avoir une toleÌ?rance treÌ?s faible pour les pages affichant plus de deux publiciteÌ?s. A bon entendeur...
+TOULOUSE L'Agence spatiale europeÌ?enne (ESA) enverra l'an prochain dans l'espace, aÌ? destination de la "PlaneÌ?te rouge" (Mars), un eÌ?chantillon de la ceÌ?leÌ?bre peinture rouge de Ferrari, dans un petit container en verre. Celui-ci a eÌ?teÌ? inteÌ?greÌ? mercredi aÌ? la sonde Mars Express, la premieÌ?re de l'ESA aÌ? partir pour Mars. Une enqueÌ?te a reÌ?veÌ?leÌ? que seuls 10% des interrogeÌ?s connaissaient quelque chose de l'ESA, tandis que 54% d'entre eux pouvaient parler de la NASA, a affirmeÌ? le directeur-geÌ?neÌ?ral de l'ESA, Antonio Rodota, bien deÌ?cideÌ? aÌ? faire connaiÌ?tre son Agence du grand public. Le fabricant automobile Ferrari a eÌ?teÌ? choisi en reÌ?feÌ?rence aÌ? la couleur favorite des bolides du constructeur italien, la meÌ?me que celle que l'oeil humain perçoit quand il leÌ?ve les yeux vers Mars. L'ESA a eÌ?galement voulu faire un rapprochement entre "deux poÌ?les d'excellence" de la technologie europeÌ?enne.
+PEKIN Le constructeur japonais Nissan va investir 8,55 milliards de yuans (uniteÌ? moneÌ?taire de Chine qui eÌ?quivaut 1,03 milliard de dollars) dans une co-entreprise deÌ?tenue aÌ? parts eÌ?gales avec le constructeur chinois Dongfeng pour produire des veÌ?hicules en Chine. La nouvelle socieÌ?teÌ?, Donfeng Motor Co Ltd, qui commencera aÌ? produire en 2003, preÌ?voit une capaciteÌ? de production de 900.000 uniteÌ?s dans dix ans et des ventes de 550.000 uniteÌ?s en 2006. La socieÌ?teÌ?, baseÌ?e dans le Hubei (centre), produira des camions, autocars, minibus et voitures particulieÌ?res. L'entreÌ?e de Nissan dans une nouvelle socieÌ?teÌ? conjointe avec Dongfeng repreÌ?sente l'investissement priveÌ? eÌ?tranger le plus important jamais reÌ?aliseÌ? en Chine dans une seule entreprise, avait preÌ?ciseÌ? une source proche des neÌ?gociations, mercredi aÌ? Tokyo. MeÌ?me si le marcheÌ? de l'automobile reste modeste en Chine -seulement 780.000 voitures individuelles ont eÌ?teÌ? vendues en
Chine l'an dernier dont 740.000 produites localement, pour une population d'1,3 milliard d'habitants- les diffeÌ?rents constructeurs eÌ?trangers ne cachent pas leurs ambitions.
+ Les aliments putreÌ?fieÌ?s retrouveÌ?s ce week-end dans une cannette d'Ice Tea light preÌ?s de Namur sont un cas isoleÌ?, a affirmeÌ? hier un porte-parole d'Unilever, le groupe dont fait partie la marque Lipton. "Unilever proceÌ?de aÌ? toutes les analyses en vue d'eÌ?tablir la cause de cet incident", a-t-il ajouteÌ?. Le groupe a ainsi rendu visite aÌ? la consommatrice et a informeÌ? l'Inspection des denreÌ?es alimentaires. Des contacts ont eÌ?galement eÌ?teÌ? pris avec le fournisseur de Lipton afin de bloquer les stocks incrimineÌ?s. "Il s'agit uniquement des cannettes d'Ice Tea light dont la date de peÌ?remption est le 12 mai 2003", a preÌ?ciseÌ? Piet Grillet. Le reÌ?sultat des analyses, effectueÌ?es par le groupe lui-meÌ?me, devrait eÌ?tre connu rapidement.
+unilever.be
+ PosseÌ?der un site Internet peut eÌ?tre une bonne vitrine pour une entreprise, mais sans mise aÌ? jour reÌ?gulieÌ?re, le reÌ?sultat en terme d'image peut eÌ?tre assez dommageable. C'est pour cela que Easynet Belgium propose Sitefoundation. GraÌ?ce aÌ? cet outil, les entreprises sont en mesure de mettre facilement aÌ? jour le contenu de leur site web ou de leur intranet de manieÌ?re autonome. Au sein de l'entreprise, les personnes habiliteÌ?es (graÌ?ce aÌ? un identifiant et un mot de passe) peuvent entretenir l'inteÌ?graliteÌ? d'un site web, moyennant une bonne connaissance du traitement de texte MS-Word. Depuis son deÌ?marrage en 2000, The Mediafoundry a deÌ?veloppeÌ? des sites pour des clients aussi varieÌ?s que Philips ou la ville de Lommel.
+PARIS
+En France, les plus petites entreprises allouent 21% de leur budget marketing aÌ? l'e-mail, les moyennes n'y consacrent que 6,2% et les plus grandes quasiment rien. Les premieÌ?res pensent en effet beÌ?neÌ?ficier d'une diffusion colossale pour un moindre couÌ?t, alors que les dernieÌ?res se meÌ?fient de la deÌ?gradation de leur image si elles sont assimileÌ?es aux diffuseurs de courrier non solliciteÌ?, le Spam, qui encombre les boiÌ?tes eÌ?lectroniques. Son volume aurait progresseÌ? ainsi de 600% entre avril 2001 et 2002.
+TeÌ?leÌ?phoner les pieds dans l'eau
+Salon Votre Argent ou l'art d'investir
+Levi Strauss, le jean a aussi son museÌ?e
+Loeb Strauss est neÌ? en 1829 aÌ? Buttenheim, non loin de Nuremberg, dans le sud de l'Allemagne. Il eÌ?migra aux Etats-Unis en 1847 et, apreÌ?s s'eÌ?tre eÌ?tabli aÌ? San Francisco, il fonda une petite entreprise qui vendait des veÌ?tements de textile ainsi que toutes sortes d'eÌ?quipements neÌ?cessaires aux chercheurs d'or et aux pionners du Far-West. D'abord porteÌ? par les plus simples travailleurs, le blue jean est aujourd'hui le type de pantalons le plus freÌ?quemment porteÌ? dans le monde.
+Gaultier, 25 ans de creÌ?ation et un CA de Â? 450 millions
+Un quart de sieÌ?cle s'est eÌ?couleÌ? entre le premier deÌ?fileÌ? du couturier français Jean-Paul Gaultier en 1976 et l'ouverture deÌ?but octobre de sa grande boutique avenue George V, dans le 'triangle d'or' parisien. Un quart de sieÌ?cle pour baÌ?tir une entreprise qui peÌ?se aujourd'hui Â? 450 millions.
+Gaultier, personnage aussi travailleur qu'iconoclaste, a construit l'entreprise sur deux piliers. Le premier est "eÌ?tre en porte-aÌ?-faux" en ne faisant rien comme les autres. La haute couture, par exemple, a eÌ?teÌ? creÌ?eÌ?e apreÌ?s le preÌ?t-aÌ?-porter, contrairement aux autres maisons. Le second est une "socieÌ?teÌ? raisonnablement geÌ?reÌ?e".
+Les deÌ?cideurs pleÌ?biscitent la cyberpub
+Google lance 'AdWords'
+Des controÌ?les routiers "europeÌ?ens" en Belgique
+Alors que le plan d'action de la police feÌ?deÌ?rale contre l'inseÌ?curiteÌ? routieÌ?re a deÌ?buteÌ? hier dans notre pays, la Commission europeÌ?enne a indiqueÌ? qu'elle allait financer trois opeÌ?rations aÌ? grande eÌ?chelle de controÌ?le de l'alcooleÌ?mie dans douze pays de l'Union europeÌ?enne, dont la Belgique.
+Les forces de l'ordre effectueront des controÌ?les d'alcooleÌ?mie mais veÌ?rifieront eÌ?galement les documents de bord et les tachygraphes de quelque 65.000 routiers. Autant de chauffeurs d'autobus et d'autocars seront concerneÌ?s par les trois opeÌ?rations. Le but de ces dernieÌ?res est de reÌ?duire de 20% le nombre de victimes de la route dans l'Union europeÌ?enne. Mme Van Brempt a en effet rappeleÌ? que la route tuait chaque anneÌ?e 42.000 personnes dans les quinze pays de l'UE et faisait pas moins de 1,6 million de blesseÌ?s.
+europa.eu.int/comm/transport/home/care/index_en.htm
+
+Unilever a annonceÌ? qu'il souhaite reÌ?duire le nombre de ses produits aÌ? 400 uniteÌ?s d'ici 2004, contre 910 actuellement, et aÌ? 1.600 en 2000. Une strateÌ?gie qui n'est pas sans conseÌ?quence. En Belgique, sept marques ont deÌ?jaÌ? disparu des eÌ?tals. Unox, absorbeÌ? par Knorr, se situe dans la liste. Knorr, deÌ?jaÌ? preÌ?sent sur le marcheÌ? avec les soupes 'en sachet', compte eÌ?galement les sauces et les cubes de bouillon parmi ses produits.
+Knorr est depuis deux ans dans le portefeuille de Unilever. A l'eÌ?poque, ce groupe avait repris Bestfoods en Belgique, proprieÌ?taire eÌ?galement de Dextro Energy et Maizena. A la suite de cette acquisition, Unilever avait eÌ?teÌ? forceÌ? par la Commission europeÌ?enne de se deÌ?faire de ses soupes instantaneÌ?es Royco pour eÌ?viter toute position dominante. Royco avait alors eÌ?teÌ? ceÌ?deÌ?e aÌ? Campbell's.
+Soutenir le bilinguisme dans la santeÌ?
+Gares suisses brancheÌ?es Net
+Un Grand Prix de F1 sous conditions
+Mini-meuh, mais elle fait le maximum
+Le ComiteÌ? olympique sera seÌ?veÌ?re
diff --git a/Data/training/training_italianC_IT.txt b/Data/training/training_italianC_IT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba7e4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Data/training/training_italianC_IT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,875 @@
+File per il supporto dell'italiano in dasher.
+Considerato che il riconoscimento della dignitaÌ? inerente a tutti i membri della famiglia umana, i loro diritti, uguali ed inalienabili, costituisce il fondamento della libertaÌ?, della giustizia e della pace nel mondo;
+Considerato che il disconoscimento ed il disprezzo dei diritti dell'uomo hanno portato ad atti di barbarie che offendono la coscienza dell'umanitaÌ? e che l'avvento di un mondo in cui gli esseri umani godano della libertaÌ? di parola e di credo e della libertaÌ? dal timore e dal bisogno eÌ? stato proclamato come la piuÌ? alta aspirazione dell'uomo;
+Considerato che eÌ? indispensabile che i diritti dell'uomo siano protetti da norme giuridiche, se si vuole evitare che l'uomo sia costretto a ricorrere, come ultima istanza, alla ribellione contro la tirannia e l'oppressione;
+Considerato che eÌ? indispensabile promuovere lo sviluppo di rapporti amichevoli tra le Nazioni;
+Considerato che i popoli e le Nazioni Unite hanno riaffermato nello Statuto la loro fede nei diritti fondamentali dell'uomo, nella dignitaÌ? e nel valore della persona umana, nell'uguaglianza dei diritti dell'uomo e della donna, ed hanno deciso di promuovere il progresso sociale e un migliore tenore di vita in una maggiore libertaÌ?;
+Considerato che gli stati membri si sono impegnati a perseguire, in cooperazione con le Nazioni Unite, il rispetto e l'osservanza universale dei diritti dell'uomo e delle libertaÌ? fondamentali;
+Considerato che una concezione comune di questi diritti e di queste libertaÌ? eÌ? della massima importanza per la piena realizzazione di questi impegni;
+L'ASSEMBLEA GENERALE PROCLAMA:
+la presente Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell'Uomo come ideale comune da raggiungersi da tutti i popoli e da tutte le Nazioni, al fine che ogni individuo ed ogni organo della societaÌ?, avendo costantemente presente questa Dichiarazione, si sforzi di promuovere, con l'insegnamento e l'educazione, il rispetto di questi diritti e di queste libertaÌ? e di garantirne, mediante misure progressive di carattere nazionale ed internazionale, l'universale ed effettivo riconoscimento e rispetto tanto fra i popoli degli stessi Stati membri, quanto fra quelli dei territori sottoposti alla loro giurisdizione.
+art. 1:
+Tutti gli esseri umani nascono liberi ed uguali in dignitaÌ? e diritti. Essi sono dotati di ragione e di coscienza e devono agire gli uni verso gli altri in spirito di fratellanza.
+Ad ogni individuo spettano tutti i diritti e tutte le libertaÌ? enunciate nella presente Dichiarazione, senza distinzione alcuna per ragioni di razza, di colore, di sesso, di lingua, di religione, di opinione politica o di altro genere, di origine nazionale o sociale, di ricchezza, di nascita o di altra condizione.
+Nessuna distinzione saraÌ? inoltre stabilita sulla base dello statuto politico, giuridico o internazionale del paese o del territorio cui una persona appartiene, sia che tale territorio sia indipendente, o sottoposto ad amministrazione fiduciaria o non autonomo, o soggetto a qualsiasi altra limitazione di sovranitaÌ?.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto alla vita, alle libertaÌ? ed alla sicurezza della propria persona.
+Nessun individuo potraÌ? essere tenuto in stato di schiavituÌ? o di servituÌ?; la schiavituÌ? e la tratta degli schiavi saranno proibite sotto qualsiasi forma.
+Nessun individuo potraÌ? essere sottoposto a tortura o a trattamento o a punizione crudele, inumani o degradanti.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto, in ogni luogo, al riconoscimento della sua personalitaÌ? giuridica.
+Tutti sono uguali dinanzi alla legge, e hanno diritto, senza alcuna discriminazione, ad un'eguale tutela da parte della legge. Tutti hanno diritto ad un'eguale tutela contro ogni discriminazione che violi la presente Dichiarazione, come contro qualsiasi incitamento a tale discriminazione.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto ad un'effettiva possibilitaÌ? di ricorso a competenti tribunali nazionali contro atti che violino i diritti fondamentali a lui riconosciuti dalla costituzione o dalla legge.
+Nessun individuo potraÌ? essere arbitrariamente arrestato, detenuto o esiliato.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto, in posizione di piena uguaglianza, ad un'equa e pubblica udienza davanti ad un tribunale indipendente e imparziale, al fine della determinazione dei sui diritti e dei suoi doveri, noncheÌ?? della fondatezza di ogni accusa penale che gli venga rivolta.
+Ogni individuo accusato di un reato eÌ? presunto innocente sino a che la sua colpevolezza non sia stata provata legalmente in un pubblico processo nel quale egli abbia avuto tutte le garanzie necessarie per la sua difesa.
+Nessun individuo saraÌ? condannato per un comportamento commissivo od ommissivo che, al momento in cui sia stato perpetrato, non costituisce reato secondo il diritto interno o secondo il diritto internazionale. Non potraÌ? del pari essere inflitta alcuna pena superiore a quella applicabile al momento in cui il reato sia stato commesso.
+Nessun individuo potraÌ? essere sottoposto ad interferenze arbitrarie nella sua vita privata, nella sua famiglia, nella sua casa, nella sua corrispondenza, neÌ? a lesioni del suo onore e della sua reputazione. Ogni individuo ha diritto ad essere tutelato dalla legge contro tali interferenze o lesioni.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto alla libertaÌ? di movimento e di residenza entro i confini di ogni Stato.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto di lasciare qualsiasi paese, incluso il proprio, e di ritornare nel proprio paese.
+Ogni individuo ha il diritto di cercare e di godere in altri paesi asilo dalle persecuzioni.
+Questo diritto non potraÌ? essere invocato qualora l'individuo sia realmente ricercato per reati non politici o per azioni contrarie ai fini e ai principi delle Nazioni Unite.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto ad una cittadinanza.
+Nessun individuo potraÌ? essere arbitrariamente privato della sua cittadinanza, neÌ? del diritto di mutare cittadinanza.
+Uomini e donne in etaÌ? adatta hanno il diritto di sposarsi e di fondare una famiglia, senza alcuna limitazione di razza, cittadinanza o religione. Essi hanno eguali diritti riguardo al matrimonio, durante il matrimonio e all'atto del suo scioglimento.
+Il matrimonio potraÌ? essere concluso soltanto con il libero e pieno consenso dei futuri coniugi.
+La famiglia eÌ? il nucleo naturale e fondamentale della societaÌ? e ha diritto ad essere protetta dalla societaÌ? e dallo Stato.
+Ogni individuo ha il diritto ad avere una proprietaÌ? sua personale o in comune con altri.
+Nessun individuo potraÌ? essere arbitrariamente privato della sua proprietaÌ?.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto alla libertaÌ? di pensiero, di coscienza e di religione; tale diritto include la libertaÌ? di cambiare di religione o di credo, e la libertaÌ? di manifestare, isolatamente o in comune, e sia in pubblico che in privato, la propria religione o il proprio credo nell'insegnamento, nelle pratiche, nel culto e nell'osservanza dei riti.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto alla libertaÌ? di opinione e di espressione, incluso il diritto di non essere molestato per la propria opinione e quello di cercare, ricevere e diffondere informazioni e idee attraverso ogni mezzo e senza riguardo a frontiere.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto alla libertaÌ? di riunione e di associazione pacifica.
+Nessuno puoÌ? essere costretto a far parte di un'associazione.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto di partecipare al governo del proprio paese, sia direttamente, sia attraverso rappresentanti liberamente scelti.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto di accedere in condizioni di eguaglianza ai pubblici impieghi del proprio paese.
+La volontaÌ? popolare eÌ? il fondamento dell'autoritaÌ? di governo; tale volontaÌ? deve essere espressa attraverso periodiche e veritiere elezioni, effettuate a suffragio universale ed eguale, ed a voto segreto, o secondo una procedura equivalente di libera votazione.
+Ogni individuo, in quanto membro della societaÌ?, ha diritto alla sicurezza sociale, noncheÌ?? alla realizzazione, attraverso lo sforzo nazionale e la cooperazione internazionale ed in rapporto con l'organizzazione e le risorse di ogni Stato, dei diritti economici, sociali e culturali indispensabili alla sua dignitaÌ? ed al libero sviluppo della sua personalitaÌ?.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto al lavoro, alla libera scelta dell'impiego, a giuste e soddisfacenti condizioni di lavoro ed alla protezione contro la disoccupazione.
+Ogni individuo, senza discriminazione, ha diritto ad eguale retribuzione per eguale lavoro.
+Ogni individuo che lavora ha diritto ad una remunerazione equa e soddisfacente che assicuri a lui stesso e alla sua famiglia un'esistenza conforme alla dignitaÌ? umana ed integrata, se necessario, ad altri mezzi di protezione sociale.
+Ogni individuo ha il diritto di fondare dei sindacati e di aderirvi per la difesa dei propri interessi.
+Ogni individuo ha il diritto al riposo ed allo svago, comprendendo in cioÌ? una ragionevole limitazione delle ore di lavoro e ferie periodiche retribuite.
+Ogni individuo ha il diritto ad un tenore di vita sufficiente a garantire la salute e il benessere proprio e della sua famiglia, con particolare riguardo all'alimentazione, al vestiario, all'abitazione, e alle cure mediche e ai servizi sociali necessari, ed ha diritto alla sicurezza in caso di disoccupazione, malattia, invaliditaÌ? vedovanza, vecchiaia o in ogni altro caso di perdita dei mezzi di sussistenza per circostanze indipendenti dalla sua volontaÌ?.
+La maternitaÌ? e l'infanzia hanno diritto a speciali cure ed assistenza. Tutti i bambini, nati nel matrimonio o fuori di esso, devono godere della stessa protezione sociale.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto all'istruzione. L'istruzione deve essere gratuita almeno per quanto riguarda le classi elementari e fondamentali. L'istruzione elementare deve essere obbligatoria. L'istruzione tecnica e professionale deve essere messa alla portata di tutti e l'istruzione superiore deve essere egualmente accessibile a tutti sulla base del merito.
+L'istruzione deve essere indirizzata al pieno sviluppo della personalitaÌ? umana ed al rafforzamento del rispetto dei diritti dell'uomo e delle libertaÌ? fondamentali. Essa deve promuovere la comprensione, la tolleranza, l'amicizia fra tutte le Nazioni, i gruppi razziali e religiosi, e deve favorire l'opera delle Nazioni Unite per il mantenimento della pace.
+I genitori hanno diritto di prioritaÌ? nella scelta di istruzione da impartire ai loro figli.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto di prendere parte liberamente alla vita culturale della comunitaÌ?, di godere delle arti e di partecipare al progresso scientifico ed ai suoi benefici.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto alla protezione degli interessi morali e materiali derivanti da ogni produzione scientifica, letteraria e artistica di cui egli sia autore.
+Ogni individuo ha diritto ad un ordine sociale e internazionale nel quale i diritti e la libertaÌ? enunciati in questa Dichiarazione possano essere pienamente realizzati.
+Ogni individuo ha dei doveri verso la comunitaÌ?, nella quale soltanto eÌ? possibile il libero e pieno sviluppo della sua personalitaÌ?.
+Nell'esercizio dei suoi diritti e delle sue libertaÌ?, ognuno deve essere sottoposto soltanto a quelle limitazioni che sono stabilite dalla legge per assicurare il riconoscimento e il rispetto dei diritti e della libertaÌ? degli altri e per soddisfare le giuste esigenze della morale, dell'ordine pubblico e del benessere generale in una societaÌ? democratica.
+Questi diritti e queste libertaÌ? non possono in nessun caso essere esercitati in contrasto con i fini e i principi delle Nazioni Unite.
+Nulla nella presente Dichiarazione puoÌ? essere interpretato nel senso di implicare un diritto di qualsiasi Stato gruppo o persona di esercitare un'attivitaÌ? o di compiere un atto mirante alla distruzione dei diritti e delle libertaÌ? in essa enunciati.
+Fratelli d'Italia, l'Italia s'eÌ? desta; dell'elmo di Scipio s'eÌ? cinta la testa.
+Dov'eÌ? la Vittoria? Le porga la chioma; cheÌ? schiava di Roma Iddio la creoÌ?.
+Stringiamci a coorte! Siam pronti alla morte; Italia chiamoÌ?.
+Noi siamo da secoli calpesti, derisi, percheÌ? non siam popolo, percheÌ? siam divisi.
+Raccolgaci un'unica bandiera, una speme: di fonderci insieme giaÌ? l'ora suonoÌ?.
+Stringiamci a coorte! Siam pronti alla morte; Italia chiamoÌ?.
+Uniamoci, amiamoci; l'unione e l'amore rivelano ai popoli le vie del Signore.
+Giuriamo far libero il suolo natio: uniti, per Dio, chi vincer ci puoÌ??
+Stringiamci a coorte! Siam pronti alla morte; Italia chiamoÌ?.
+Dall'Alpe a Sicilia, dovunque eÌ? Legnano; ogn'uom di Ferruccio ha il core e la mano; i bimbi d'Italia si chiaman Balilla; il suon d'ogni squilla i Vespri suonoÌ?.
+Stringiamci a coorte! Siam pronti alla morte; Italia chiamoÌ?.
+Son giunchi che piegano le spade vendute; giaÌ? l'aquila d'Austria le penne ha perdute.
+Il sangue d'Italia e il sangue Polacco beveÌ? col Cosacco, ma il cor le brucioÌ?.
+Stringiamci a coorte! Siam pronti alla morte; Italia chiamoÌ?.
+Un trattato, un trattato vero, e non una raccolta di racconti come questa, avrei voluto scrivere per dimostrare che l'ozio non eÌ? il padre dei vizi, come ci hanno insegnato alla prima elementare, ma eÌ? il padre della civiltaÌ? umana, per sostenere che all'ozio si ha veramente diritto.
+SiÌ?, turiamoci pure le orecchie nel sentire che gli antichi chiamavano il lavoro figlio dell'Erebo e della Notte. Noi moderni ci siamo fatti un idolo del lavoro, cui tutti siamo obbligati a bruciare il nostro granellino di incenso e si parla di diritto al lavoro, di scuola del lavoro, di problematica del lavoro, di filosofia, ahimeÌ?, del lavoro.
+E quando non siamo occupati col lavoro, abbiamo l'hobby: questa orrenda parola che si usa persino per indicare la pura e disinteressata attivitaÌ? dello spirito e dell'arte, che sarebbe invece piuÌ? onesto chiamare a piene lettere ozio, come facevano gli antichi.
+Ma a noi le concezioni degli antichi sembrano eresie. Se riuscissimo ad essere meno ipocriti, forse riconosceremmo che essi avevano ragione nel considerare l'ozio come lo stato migliore percheÌ? l'uomo potesse attuare veramente se stesso, per ascendere negli spazi della teoresi e nei cieli dell'arte, per essere fedele alla sua missione spirituale.
+E poicheÌ? la civiltaÌ? umana eÌ? soprattutto creazione spirituale: arte, filosofia, scienza, invenzione, appariraÌ? chiaro, innegabile che l'umano progresso eÌ? frutto dell'ozio, anche se, ovviamente, l'uomo, cui basta dire fiat lux per creare la luce, ha dovuto, per realizzare le creazioni del suo ozio, per attuarle nel mondo sensibile, piegarsi al lavoro.
+Volete un esempio? Guardiamo l'Oriente.
+Sediamoci ai piedi di una piramide e stiamocene liÌ? per ore e ore, fino a sentirci trasformare in un granello di sabbia nel deserto, su cui incombe feroce il sole, fino ad avvertire l'immensa nullitaÌ? di quella categoria mentale che chiamiamo tempo....
+Non lo possiamo fare? E allora eÌ? inutile che parliamo dell'Oriente. Come potremmo comprendere, infatti, il percheÌ? sia l'anima orientale la piuÌ? incline alla contemplazione, all'ascesi, al nirvana, la piuÌ? bisognosa quindi di liberarsi dai vincoli della materia?
+Non basta dire che le plaghe orientali, dal clima caldo o caldo-umido, sono la zona del mondo che maggiormente induce l'uomo all'abbandono, alla sonnolenza, all'ozio. Questa eÌ? una constatazione meramente esteriore.
+Bisognerebbe penetrare nell'anima dell'Oriente, per capire l'ozio dell'Oriente.
+Se non ci liberiamo della buccia di uomini moderni, potremo fare delle eccellenti osservazioni, ma non avremo capito niente lo stesso.
+Potremo, pensando che eÌ? proprio l'Oriente la culla dell'umana civiltaÌ?, spiegarci il percheÌ? l'ozio sia stato considerato, in tutte le civiltaÌ? antiche, come lo stato perfetto che si addiceva alle classi superiori e agli spiriti eletti. Potremo rilevare che le classi superiori e gli spiriti eletti avevano l'ozio assicurato percheÌ? gli schiavi lavoravano per loro. Non senza a questo punto storcere il muso al ricordo dell'istituto giuridico della schiavituÌ?, percheÌ? noi moderni ne parliamo, quasi senza accorgercene, con una sottintesa aria di superioritaÌ? e di disgusto verso gli antichi, dimenticando, magari, che la schiavituÌ? fu praticata dall'umanitaÌ? fino a pochi anni fa e forse esiste tuttora sotto altro nome.
+Ma, quando avremo rilevato tutto cioÌ?, l'anima dell'Oriente resteraÌ? per noi il miraggio che si allontana man mano che ci si avvicina.
+E' con le piramidi, invece, che dobbiamo parlare per avvicinarci, almeno un pochino, davvero al miraggio.
+E' vero che vi hanno costruito a forza di bastonate e per soddisfare l'assurda ambizione di un tiranno pazzo e di una classe dirigente piuÌ? pazza?
+Le piramidi sorridevano di compatimento.
+Ma Erodoto, che eÌ? venuto a vedervi dopo circa duemila anni dalla vostra costruzione, ha scritto che il ricordo delle fatiche che eravate costate e dei mezzi oppressivi ed inumani usati durava cosiÌ? vivo, ancora ai suoi tempi, che i nomi di Cheope, Kephren e Mykerinos suonavano come quelli di tiranni.
+Ed ecco, per tutta risposta, il sorriso delle piramidi divenir simile a quello della non lontana Sfinge.
+E ci fu gente che una volta capiÌ? il sorriso delle piramidi: era un invito a misurarle e si trovoÌ? (o si credette di trovare) che nelle dimensioni di esse erano nascoste e fissate sulla pietra cognizioni e misure astronomiche, geodetiche e matematiche, che solo da recente la scienza riusciva ad attingere: la densitaÌ? e il raggio della terra, la lunghezza del meridiano, il rapporto fra circonferenza e diametro e, pare addirittura, la distanza della terra dal sole e l'inclinazione dell'asse della terra sul suo piano di rotazione.
+Espressione di superbia e di tirannide, dunque le piramidi?
+Noi le guarderemo ancora e, anche se non crederemo a cioÌ? che matematici, astronomi e teosofi fantasiosi vi hanno trovato, ci inchineremo dinanzi a quel mistero meraviglioso, che solo l'ozio di una classe elevata, veramente sovrumana e quasi divina, ha potuto creare. Un ozio che era inimmaginabile saggezza e sapienza, che era studio profondo e ricerca ansiosa del vero, che era vera liberazione dello spirito dalle catene della materia.
+Gli esempi potrebbero essere portati a migliaia e si finirebbe davvero per scrivere un trattato.
+Ma se non eÌ? proprio un trattato questa raccolta di racconti, ne vuole avere almeno l'aria e simularne l'apparenza. Ecco percheÌ? un primo gruppo di racconti sono riuniti sotto l'ampolloso titolo di..."Prolegomeni storici e teoria generale", mentre l'altro gruppo null'altro rappresenta che alcune dimostrazioni pratiche del mio oziare.
+Di tanto in tanto sul Parnaso e sull'Elicona spira un vento allarmistico: "Siamo in crisi, siamo in crisi". NeÌ? mancano le recriminazioni fra le nove sorelle e Apollo stesso: - Ma chi te l'ha fatto fare di infondere il furor poetico nella zucca di quel tale? - E tu cosa speravi di trarne da quello sciocco? - Hai visto in che stato eÌ? la poesia lirica? - E quella epica? - E quella drammatica?
+Scene di questo genere oggi sono all'ordine del giorno, ma anticamente succedevano di rado.
+Un allarme grave si ebbe quando, alla morte di Omero, una frotta intera di...come dire? Di mandolinisti si misero a fare i poeti epici. Ne vennero fuori i cosiddetti poemi ciclici e non occorrono certo i sapientoni moderni per statuire circa la decadenza della poesia greca, percheÌ? se ne accorsero giaÌ? gli antichi, che a quei barbosissimi poemi resero presto giustizia, facendosene lacci per i calzari, se scritti su pergamena, e strame per le mucche se scritti su papiri.
+Un bel giorno, dunque, le nove sorelle, dopo aver litigato ben bene, si proposero di cercarlo tutt'e nove insieme un nuovo poeta e, se anche quello faceva cilecca, allora bisognava portare la faccenda in Olimpo (in Parlamento per dirla in termini moderni) per una discussione generale sull'argomento, ponendo eventualmente anche la questione della fiducia al governo della repubblica delle lettere.
+Le nove figlie di Giove si misero quindi in cammino e caso volle che si imbattessero in un pastorello, che aveva spinto il suo gregge sulle pendici dell'Elicona. Egli suonava la zampogna e le note dolcissime che sapeva far sprigionare da quell'umile strumento colpirono le Muse, che decisero di apparirgli in tutto il loro splendore divino e di parlargli.
+Il fanciullo, che si chiamava Esiodo, scossosi dal primo sgomento e caduto in ginocchio chiese:
+Che vuole il Cielo da me, umile pastore di Beozia?
+Farti poeta - risposero le Muse - trarre la grandezza dall'umiltaÌ?.
+Poeta? E di che canteroÌ? io? - replicoÌ? Esiodo.
+Le Muse pensarono un po', si guardarono fra loro, poi Polimnia, che aveva il cervello un po' meno circoscritto ad una sola cosa che non le sue sorelle, ebbe un'idea:
+Canterai del lavoro - disse - L'ozio eÌ? degli immortali, il lavoro degli uomini. Parla dunque agli uomini di cioÌ? che spetta loro. Del resto voi greci non avete in odio il lavoro manuale. Che sta a significare il mito di Dedalo? Che anche gli artigiani, i costruttori e gli inventori possono attingere la fama e la grandezza.
+Ma - obiettoÌ? il fanciullo - nel nostro primo e piuÌ? grande poeta, Omero, i grandi e gli eroi aborriscono dal lavoro.
+L'obiezione era tutt'altro che infondata. Ma qui prese la parola Erato, abituata a dire e ispirare menzogne nelle poesie amorose, facile ad improvvisare e sempre pronta a metter su un discorsetto zeppo di bugie:
+Ti sbagli. Se gli artigiani fossero schiavi o pressocheÌ? tali, se il lavoro manuale fosse vergogna, Omero non si sognerebbe di nominare i costruttori delle armi e dei palazzi dei suoi eroi. E vulcano che fa? Non lavora forse? E Ulisse non si era costruito il letto con le sue mani? La poesia ha bisogno di rinnovarsi per non morire. Basta con gli eroi e le battaglie. Altri argomenti devono essere chiamati a vivere nell'eternitaÌ? del canto. Spetta a te far poesia della fatica, del sudore che gli uomini versano per strappare alla terra molto spesso improba, sterile, come la tua arida regione, il sostentamento della loro grama esistenza. SiÌ?, fanciullo, il lavoro eÌ? il retaggio degli uomini, da quando essi perdettero, per volere degli dei, il segreto della vita facile, che conducevano all'etaÌ? beata in cui la terra dava spontaneamente i suoi frutti. Piegarsi alla fatica per poter vivere eÌ? la condizione cui eÌ? sottoposta la quinta stirpe degli uomini, quella succeduta all'
etaÌ? dell'oro, dell'argento, del bronzo e degli eroi.
+Oh come - interrompe lamentandosi il fanciullo - avrei voluto non appartenere a questa etaÌ?, o morendo prima o venendo piuÌ? tardi alla luce (bell'affare avrebbe fatto, pensiamo noi moderni) poicheÌ? questa eÌ? la stirpe di ferro!
+E di questa esclamazione Esiodo serboÌ? precisa memoria, tanto che la inseriÌ? paro paro nel poema "Le opere e i giorni".
+Il lavoro - intervenne a questo punto Euterpe - eÌ? fatica, sofferenza, dura necessitaÌ? e tale resteraÌ? in tutti i poeti che verranno dopo di te: Euripide e Virgilio, Orazio e Ovidio. Ma tu, fanciullo, che pure conoscerai la durezza della vita quotidiana: la fallita attivitaÌ? commerciale del padre, una controversia ereditaria con il fratello, che finiraÌ? per te sfavorevolmente per la corruzione dei giudici, gli stenti per procurarsi i mezzi di sussistenza, non dipingerai la vita a fosche tinte e dirai del lavoro, che eÌ? penoso ma daÌ? soddisfazioni. La fede nella giustizia e soprattutto nella religiositaÌ? e santitaÌ? del lavoro aleggeraÌ? sui tuoi versi. Lavora, dirai tu ai tuoi simili, percheÌ? dove sta il lavoro non sta la povertaÌ? con tutti i suoi mali. Nessun lavoro eÌ? vergogna, oziare invece eÌ? vergogna.
+CosiÌ? fu che Esiodo, ingannato da tutte queste menzogne, si mise a cantare la bellezza del lavoro e da allora si venne formando quel falso luogo comune che il lavoro nobilita l'uomo.
+Ma che era matto quello liÌ?? AhoÌ?, pensate, non c'era romano che non si desse da fare, menando le mani e la spada, per fare Roma sempre piuÌ? grande, che il mondo pareva che a un certo punto scoppiasse, talmente non poteva piuÌ? contenere la potenza di 'sto popolo... e quel frescone manco se ne dava per inteso.
+E s'era messo a fare certe poesie - 'na vigliaccata, figlio d'una mignotta! - laonde per cui il mondo cosiÌ? non andava bene, che quant'era meglio starsene sdraiato all'ombra di un albero a pigliarsi la frescura (e chi glielo faceva fa' a certuni di fare guerre!), che maledetto chi aveva inventato la spada e maledetto di qua e maledetto di laÌ? e che ci venga un accidente a questo e un accidente a quello e che "te possino..." a destra e "te possino..." a sinistra... e finalmente un giorno Marte si stufoÌ?.
+V'han detto che Marte era un dio. Non date retta. Si trattoÌ? di un ministro della guerra che visse cosiÌ? a lungo, all'animaccia sua, che a un certo punto il popolo si mise a dire: "E che eÌ? immortale?" Ma a furia di chiederselo a vicenda , ci fu uno che un giorno non mise piuÌ? il punto interrogativo e tutti ci abboccarono che fosse immortale. Quando crepoÌ?, i governanti che ormai ci tenevano che quei pecoroni dei popolani credessero di avere un ministro della guerra immortale e divino, fecero finta di niente. Dice: "Marte dov'eÌ??" "Niente, niente, s'eÌ? fatto una passeggiata in cielo, ma ora torna" e gli fecero un tempio, che levati!
+Ai tempi di Tibullo Albino (lui, poi, per snob si fece chiamare Albio Tibullo) il predetto signor ministro viveva ancora e si volle passar lo sfizio di andargliene a dire quatto sul grugno a questo poeta. Voi dite: un ministro in persona... un momento, vi rispondo, innanzi tutto a quei tempi i ministri erano cosiÌ?, alla buona, e poi con quella sorta di propaganda che faceva, c'era da mandarlo, il signor Tibullo, dritto dritto in galera per disfattismo e non so quant'altri reati previsti dal codice penale.
+Dunque, ci andoÌ? e lo trovoÌ? nella sua villa di campagna a pancia all'aria, gonfio di salsiccia e di vino. E si capisce! Lui era il cantore degli dei agresti e dei campi e lui stesso con le sue mani, diceva il bugiardo, lavorava il podere. Bel modo di lavorare!
+A li mortacci tui! - lo interpelloÌ? senza tante storie il ministro.
+A sor ministro - replicoÌ? pronto il poeta - i miei penati li lasci in pace, percheÌ? se no io lo denuncio per bestemmia e le pianto una grana con interpellanze alla camera e scandali, che se ne accorgeraÌ?.
+Senta, signor poeta dei miei calzari, stia zitto e badi che se non la smette di fare quella sorta di poesie, altro che fare delle minacce, te faccio fa' una brutta fine, te faccio.
+AhoÌ?, ma dico...
+Niente dico. Dico io invece: ma tu saresti un poeta romano?
+Dico che lei maledice la guerra e dimentica che le guerre ci hanno fatti quelli che siamo; chiama barbaro chi primo impugnoÌ? la spada e si dimentica che se noi posiamo la spada, saranno gli altri, i barbari, a farci una carezzina sul collo con la spada. Ma che te se' ammattito? Ma ci pensi...
+SiÌ?, va bene, ma non eÌ? finita. Lei, caro poeta, ne scrive di porcate... No, non interrompa. Che eÌ? questo esaltare i lavori manuali? Poeta degli schiavi, ecco cosa eÌ? lei. Ma non pensa che il cittadino romano non puoÌ?, non deve lavorare? Che l'avremmo fatte a fa' le leggi frumentarie? Il romano deve vivere a spese dell'annona, dello stato, cioeÌ? dei bottini di guerra. Diritto all'ozio, sissignore. Ma deve essere sempre pronto a menare le mani e, in tempo di pace, deve pensare alla politica, altro che risuolare scarpe e spaccare pietre.
+Ma io non mi sogno di esaltare questi lavori, io canto il lavoro dei campi, io glorifico la civiltaÌ? di Roma che eÌ? civiltaÌ? agreste. L'Eneide eÌ? o non eÌ? un'epopea di contadini?
+Prego, signor ministro. Mi sa che lei non se ne intende proprio di storia. E Cincinnato? 'ndove lo mettemo? ched'eÌ? Cincinnato? Non eÌ? l'ideale del cittadino, agricoltore?
+Ma va laÌ?, poeta, non facciamo anche noi i laudatores temporis acti, come quel vecchio rosso cafone di Tuscolo. SiÌ?, puoÌ? darsi che le occupazioni agresti siano state rispettate dai romani di allora, ma si trattava di allenamento alle fatiche della guerra. L'ideale del cittadino piccolo agricoltore! Puah, che schifo! Lasciale dire al pedantissimo censore, al cafone sullodato, queste cose. Egli, poveretto, doveva brontolare: era suo destino; l'antica civiltaÌ? romana che doveva salvarsi dalle pestifere esalazioni dell'influsso ellenistico; il selciato delle piazze che doveva essere aguzzo per evitare che i cittadini si fermassero a chiacchierare e perdessero tempo; le mogli dei magistrati che non potevano essere ritratte in statue... per non citare che alcune delle imbecillerie del vecchio bisbetico. Egli non poteva capire che il romano era ed eÌ? grande, percheÌ? ha assorbito e assorbe tutte le civiltaÌ? e le supera con la sua, percheÌ? non ha neÌ? puoÌ? avere una m
orale da padrone di fattoria, da fuligginoso contabile, da zappatore, ma ha quella del superbo dominatore, del padrone di turbe di lavoratori, del signore ozioso e guerriero.
+Ma Tibullo, distrattosi, non dava piuÌ? retta a questa lunga tirata. Il suo sguardo spaziava per la campagna intorno.
+SiÌ? - disse dopo un po' - forse hai ragione, il lavoro dei campi eÌ? un vagheggiamento letterario, che puoÌ? peroÌ? divenire la piuÌ? cara delle nostalgie, la nostalgia per un mondo felice e perduto, forse per sempre. 0 fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint agricolas, siÌ?, le Georgiche non sono che l'epicedio, di un mondo scomparso. Scomparso, ma non per questo meno bello.
+Il signor ministro Marte rimase zitto un bel po'. Sentiva d'essere stato battuto e se ne compiacque. Ma come? SiÌ?, gli piaceva questa sottile malinconia che gli aveva messo addosso il poeta.
+Ma sai che ti dico - riprese dopo un po' - non prendiamocela tanto, beviamoci sopra e sdraiamoci qui, all'ombra..
+Partendo per il nostro immaginario viaggio nel passato soffermiamoci sulla fantasia che ci ha spinto a partire, quella di aprire la porta di una casa e di sbirciare all?interno per scoprire quali fossero le condizioni materiali di esistenza delle famiglie europee d?EtaÌ? moderna. Proviamo a smontarla, ad analizzare su quali presupposti si basa. Chiediamoci quali sono le implicazioni che ha il modo stesso in cui fantastichiamo. Ebbene? Non lo si puoÌ? negare: tale fantasia daÌ? per scontata la coincidenza di casa e famiglia.
+Ma che dire di coloro che una casa non l?avevano? Gli homeless non sono certo un?invenzione dei nostri giorni: per secoli un?ingente massa d?uomini «ha vissuto ?senza fissa dimora?, senza ?foco, neÌ? loco?»1. Tra di essi possiamo annoverare i «furfanti» e i «galioti» [galeotti] che a Venezia cercano riparo «sotto el portego de San Marco et de Rialto», talvolta senza proprio riuscirci, visto che li si ritrova morti di freddo e di fame2. Oppure la marea dei mendicanti napoletani che di notte si rifugiano dove possono e come possono in miserabilissime stanze a pagamento, in stalle, case diroccate, grotte3. Ma in EtaÌ? moderna c?eÌ? tutto un mondo variegato di senzatetto, vagabondi, accattoni, pezzenti, scansafatiche, delinquenti che tirano a campare di elemosine, di inganni, di frodi, di furti o di violenze4. La piaga del vagabondaggio e della mendicitaÌ? affligge tutt?Europa, pur con caratteristiche specifiche nei diversi momenti storici e nelle diverse zone5 (Figg. 1,
2, 3, 4).
+Senza dubbio nella massa stracciata di coloro che vivono senza fissa dimora sono molti quelli che non hanno padre, neÌ? madre, neÌ? marito, neÌ? moglie, neÌ? figli, fratelli o parenti. «Pullulano senza famiglia», dice nel 1783 il principe di Strongoli dei mendicanti napoletani cui prima si accennava. In gran parte privi di casa, oltre che di famiglia, pare che a fine secolo siano piuÌ? di centomila su una popolazione di circa 400.000 persone6.
+Non eÌ? facile tuttavia fissare in cifre la massa mobile e fluttuante dei vagabondi e dei senzatetto, tanto piuÌ? in una societaÌ? in cui il numero dei poveri puoÌ? crescere a dismisura nei momenti di crisi. Il contingente dei bisognosi, infatti, non eÌ? rappresentato solo da coloro che non sono in grado di guadagnarsi da vivere percheÌ? invalidi, malati, troppo vecchi o ancora bambini, cioeÌ? i cosiddetti «poveri strutturali» il cui numero in cittaÌ? come Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Lione, Toledo, Odense, Norwich, Salisbury e molte altre oscilla tra il 4 e l?8% della popolazione. Accanto ad essi c?eÌ? la massa di coloro che sono esposti a scivolare sotto il livello di sussistenza alla minima fluttuazione del prezzo del pane, pari a circa un quinto della popolazione urbana. E poi ci sono quelli che Âvedono profilarsi lo spettro della miseria per la perdita del lavoro, per una malattia prolungata o un lutto familiare. Nei momenti di crisi particolarmente acuta il numero dei po
veri puoÌ? insomma raggiungere la metaÌ?, talvolta addirittura il 70% delle famiglie Âurbane7.
+EÌ? chiaro che, in un mondo in cui sono cosiÌ? tanti quelli che in modo saltuario o definitivo rischiano di oltrepassare la labile soglia della miseria, solo una parte dei poveri eÌ? rappresentata da vagabondi e senzatetto. Ciononostante nei periodi di crisi, di carestia, di guerra, quando la massa dei miserabili aumenta, si ingrossano anche le fila dei senza fissa dimora. Molti sono contadini che, disperati, divorati dalla fame, abbandonano le loro case e si riversano in cittaÌ? in cerca di soccorso, andando cosiÌ? ad ingrandire il flusso di coloro che dalla campagna regolarmente vi arrivano spinti dalla speranza di migliorare la propria sorte, di trovare lavoro e guadagno o di avere, almeno, un po? di assistenza8.
+Chi vaga in cerca di cibo o per sfuggire agli orrori di una guerra spesso ha perso o abbandonato i familiari. L?essere senza famiglia eÌ? anzi uno dei modi in cui si manifesta la sua marginalitaÌ?, non di rado ? soprattutto nel caso di bambini, anziani e donne ? ne eÌ? la causa9: «lui andoÌ? poi via per la fame e non si vide mai piuÌ?», dice di suo marito una vagabonda originaria del contado modenese accusata di meretricio all?inizio del Seicento10. «Li poveri per non vedere li figli morire dalla fame se ne vanno per il mondo malabiando», conferma un?altra fonte proprio a proposito della situazione a Modena, nel 160111. Ma la povertaÌ? e l?indigenza creano situazioni simili anche in altri contesti: ci sono uomini che, «stanchi dello sforzo di mantenere una famiglia con un salario a malapena adeguato ad una persona», «raccolgono in un fagotto i pochi vestiti che ancora possiedono e se ne vanno, senza farsi mai piuÌ? rivedere dalle loro famiglie», denuncia a fine Sette
cento il curato di Athis, in Francia12. E le strade che la malasorte percorre per colpire le sue vittime sono molteplici, non si riducono a quella della fame. Nel 1744, una ragazza bolognese, Giulia Taruffi, «va raminga di notte per non aver ricovero» in seguito all?incarcerazione di suo padre13. Anche Frances Palmer, inglese, eÌ? una vagabonÂda: nel 1603 viene arrestata e fustigata per maternitaÌ? illegittima. Entrambi i suoi due figli, «concepiti e nati nel meretricio», partoriti per strada, muoiono neonati. Se fossero sopravvissuti senza essere abbandonati probabilmente avrebbero contribuito a riprodurre la massa dei vagabondi, come spesso accadeva alla prole delle ragazze come lei, esposte agli abusi sessuali e costrette a prostituirsi per tirare a campare14.
+Ma per quanto il disgregarsi dei legami familiari possa spesso essere all?origine di una vita di strada, e al contempo miseria e disgrazie non di rado corrodano i legami familiari, anche intere famiglie vagano talvolta senza fissa dimora o trovano ricetto in ricoveri di fortuna. Nell?inverno tra il 1527 e il 1528 la carestia spinge a Venezia una gran massa di contadini dell?estuario veneziano, del Vicentino, del Bresciano: molti di loro chiedono l?elemosina, cheÌ? muoiono di fame, intirizziti, con i bambini in braccio15. Il viaggiatore che fosse arrivato ad Amsterdam, verso fine Cinquecento-inizio Seicento, avrebbe visto centinaia di famiglie accampate sotto le arcate che rinforzavano le mura di mattoni della cittaÌ?: una babele in cui, accanto ai miserabili presenti in ogni centro urbano, avevano finito per accalcarsi ebrei profughi dalla Spagna e dal Portogallo, protestanti valloni e fiamminghi fuggiti dalle persecuzioni religiose16. Non sempre insomma chi era senza casa e
ra anche senza famiglia
+Come si eÌ? visto, Geronima Veralli sollecitava il fratello a dare una ricca dote a Olimpia sottolineando anche l?onore che da cioÌ? sarebbe derivato a lui e a tutta la casa155. Specularmente un uomo poteva misurare la sua posizione sociale anche a partire dal livello della dote che la famiglia della sua futura sposa era disposta a sborsare per realizzare l?unione156. Tutto cioÌ? ci ricorda che la funzione del contributo maschile e femminile al matrimonio non era esclusivamente economica. La casa in cui la nuova coppia avrebbe abitato; i vestiti e i gioielli che avrebbe indossato; i cibi che avrebbe mangiato; i regali che avrebbe fatto e via discorrendo valevano infatti anche come indicatori di status157.
+In questo senso, quando si sposavano, i mariti dell?eÌ?lite fiorenÂtina rinascimentale regalavano alle mogli ricchi gioielli e a volte prendevano addirittura a nolo le gioie di cui le avrebbero ornate per far fare bella figura alle loro donne e, attraverso di esse, per affermare il proprio status158. Nella cittaÌ? toscana in occasione dei matrimoni lo sfarzo era tale che le autoritaÌ? si videro costrette a introdurre leggi suntuarie, come peraltro avvenne anche altrove159. In alcune Âzone italiane i carri che trasportavano i corredi avevano d?altronde dei sostegni ai quali erano attaccati i vestiti della sposa, in modo che tutti potessero vederli160. A Firenze il contenuto dei cassoni era messo in bella vista durante il corteo nuziale e poi nella casa del marito, durante il banchetto161. Ma la biancheria e gli altri beni della donna venivano esposti in pubblico anche in molti altri luoghi: nella Germania luterana il carro su cui sedeva la sposa girava per la cittaÌ? carico
dei regali di nozze e del corredo, in modo che tutti potessero ammirarli162; in alcune zone della Francia, ancora nel nostro secolo, la biancheria del corredo, Âdopo essere stata portata nella stanza da letto degli sposi, veniva esposta in modo che tutti potessero vederla163. Anche persone piuttosto povere ci tenevano a fare la loro figura e non lesinavano, pertanto, gli sforzi in tal senso. «Vorrei piuttosto aver le corna, che gli mancasse la roba sul corredo», dice di sua figlia una povera contadina toscana nel Settecento164.
+La stessa funzione aveva anche la ricchezza dei banchetti che erano organizzati un po? dappertutto e un po? in tutti i ceti Âsociali in occasione dei matrimoni (Tav. 1): «toltone il tempo di nozze mangiano i villani [male] come porci», sentenziava Girolamo Cirelli alla fine del Seicento165.
+Invitare amici e parenti al banchetto cosiÌ? come fare e ricevere regali, non aveva tuttavia solo una funzione di festeggiamento o di ostentazione. I matrimoni avviavano circolazioni e scambi di beni che avevano anche una funzione simbolica.
+L?anello aveva una lunga tradizione. Presso gli antichi romani esso costituiva una garanzia della promessa di matrimonio e in epoca alto-medievale tra i popoli germanici era presente sulla scena della desponsatio, che impegnava seriamente le parti a contrarre matrimonio. Ma dall?XI secolo la Chiesa inizioÌ? a fare dell?anello, che fino ad allora era stato soprattutto un anello di fidanzamento, per cosiÌ? dire, il simbolo centrale del matrimonio legittimo. Come si ricorderaÌ?166, la concezione ecclesiastica del matrimonio era fortemente incentrata sullo scambio del consenso tra gli sposi. Non a caso, dunque, la consegna dell?anello slittoÌ? dal momento dell?accordo delle famiglie proprio a quello in cui i due nubendi dichiaravano reciprocamente di prendersi come coniuge167.
+La consegna dell?anello finiÌ? cosiÌ? per incarnare la concezione ecclesiastica del «vero» matrimonio in competizione tanto con la tradizione longobarda e germanica, per la quale il momento centrale delle cerimonie nuziali era il corteo con il quale la sposa era portata nella casa del marito168, quanto con le concezioni piuÌ? popolari che, forse proprio recependo a modo loro la dottrina ecclesiastica del matrimonio consensuale, attribuivano allo scambio di un oggetto qualsiasi, purcheÌ? in nome di matrimonio, la funzione quasi magica di trasformare un uomo e una donna in marito e moglie. A tale titolo Guillaume Foucher offre cosiÌ? a Marguerite Gueux una pera, che ella mangia; Jean Bertrand daÌ? a Jacquette Gaudouart un bicchiere di stagno, nel 1506; Jean Simon dona a Jeanne Lepage una cintura nel 1530, mentre due anni dopo Pierre Pellart stringe tra le braccia Marguerite vedova Jacomart dicendole, a quanto ella riferisce: «Marguerite, percheÌ? tu non abbia paura che io a
busi di te metto la mia lingua nella tua bocca, in nome di matrimonio». Casi estremi, questi citati, l?ultimo in particolare. E probabilmente almeno in parte eccentrici giaÌ? ai tempi in cui avvennero, visto che se ne eÌ? conservata memoria tra le carte di tribunali davanti ai quali uno dei due protagonisti di solito trascinava l?altro, che non ammetteva di essersi davvero sposato. Ma attestanti una credenza popolare che attribuiva valore di vincolo allo scambio degli oggetti piuÌ? svariati o addirittura di effusioni erotiche purcheÌ?, appunto, a titolo matrimoniale, credenza che, almeno in certe zone della Francia, la Chiesa sradicheraÌ? completamenÂte solo nel Sei-Settecento. Tali credenze popolari, tuttavia, erano molto meno peregrine di quanto a prima vista si possa supporre. Una tradizione giuridica tardomedievale vedeva infatti nell?offerta di qualche piccolo regalo un elemento da cui era possiÂbile dedurre la piena validitaÌ? del matrimonio dopo che erano stati con
tratti gli sponsali, e nel bacio ? cosiÌ? come nel «toccamano» e nelÂl?inanellamento ? uno dei segni del consenso nuziale169.
+Quello che a Firenze si chiama «il diÌ? dell?anello» assurgeraÌ? insomma a giorno del matrimonio. In generale cioÌ? indica, appunto, il crescente controllo dell?istituzione ecclesiastica sulle pratiche matrimoniali. Ma a Firenze il fatto che il matrimonio nel Quattrocento sia sempre piuÌ? spesso consumato in tal giorno all?inizio dipende probabilmente dalle imposizioni del Monte delle doti, che decide di pagare i debiti dotali solo dopo la copula, piuÌ? che dall?influenza della Chiesa170. Bisogna inoltre notare che in Âbuona parte d?Europa quello che dovrebbe essere il simbolo dell?unione consensuale di due persone che, almeno rispetto all?atto matrimoÂniale, dovrebbero essere in una posizione paritaria, rivela in realtaÌ? in seÌ? i limiti che tale concezione soffre nella pratica. L?anello infatti di solito eÌ? uno solo, ed eÌ? il marito che lo infila alla moglie facendola cosiÌ? sua. Egli si assicura simbolicamente la sua fedeltaÌ? ma senza fornirle un pegno simmetrico
della propria171.
+Comunque sia, l?anello finisce per diventare «il solo oggetto che saraÌ? universalmente lecito nel quadro della cerimonia religiosa» del matrimonio172. CioÌ? non significa che altri oggetti densi di significati simbolici scompaiano completamente dalla scena matrimoniale. Il fuso e la conocchia che spesso troneggiavano tra i beni che la sposa portava con seÌ? nella nuova casa non erano ad esempio solo un attrezzo da lavoro (Fig. 6). Talvolta infiocchettati e decorati, erano anche il simbolo dell?attivitaÌ? di una donna onesta e laboriosa, tanto da rappresentare una sorta di auspicio che ella si rivelasse una buona moglie e una buona madre: nello Yorkshire la nubenda, intenta a filare, veniva portata in giro per il paese su un carro (brideswain) sul quale amici e parenti gettavano monete o caricavano mobili e utensili. Analogamente in alcune zone della Sardegna la sposa veniva portata nella nuova casa seduta su un carro con fuso e conocchia in mano173.
+Rappresentando il punto di avvio di una nuova entitaÌ?, i matrimoni sono dunque ricchi di gesti augurali e apotropaici, ridondano di significati simbolici che di fatto coinvolgono anche i beni materiali in cui la nuova unione si incarna o che costituiscono l?orizzonte materiale in cui essa eÌ? destinata a vivere, come ci ricordano i riti propiziatori e religiosi di cui era fatto oggetto il letto nuziale (Fig. 9), dei quali abbiamo parlato all?inizio del capitolo
+«Civilizzati» e «incivili». Nel corso delle sue peregrinazioni in Europa, narrate in un resoconto dato alle stampe nel 1672, il gentiluomo francese Jouvin de Rochefort una sera cenoÌ? in una malga del Sudtirolo. Imbarazzatissimi per la presenza di un signore di tanto riguardo, i bovari fecero accomodare l?ospite sulla «piuÌ? bella delle loro sedie, cioeÌ? un catino rovesciato», e apparecchiarono la tavola «su cui non c?erano neÌ? tovaglia, neÌ? tovaglioli, neÌ? coltelli, neÌ? forchette, neÌ? cucchiai». In una scodella di legno vennero servite delle rape fatte cuocere «in una pignatta con della farina, del sale, del burro e del latte», in un?altra scodella sei uova, mezzo formaggio e qualche pezzo di pane. Per l?occasione venne portato un po? di «vino svanito» (di solito i bovari bevevano solo latte). La famiglia si accomodoÌ? per terra intorno alla tavola. Il padre allungoÌ? all?ospite il piatto con le uova: questi ne prese una e distribuiÌ? le altre ai commensal
i. Poi il padre gli porse quello con le rape: vi «misi subito la mano» ? narra il gentiluomo ? «il resto della famigliola fece lo stesso, nessuno osoÌ? prenderne ancora se non dopo che ne ebbi mangiate altre». Gli fu portata una tazza di legno dove gli fu servito il vino: «bevvi alla salute di tutta la compagnia, che non osoÌ? fare lo stesso». Qualcuno si alzoÌ? per bere del latte e gli portoÌ? un po? di formaggio e un piatto «di piccoli frutti, assai simili all?uva nell?aspetto e nel gusto, che crescono nel bosco e sulle montagne» (dei mirtilli?)1.
+Un interno assai misero, quello dei bovari sudtirolesi. Ma simile ad altri interni di campagna dell?epoca, ad esempio quelli descritti nel 1694 dal riminese Girolamo Cirelli, pur dotati di qualche comoditaÌ? in piuÌ?, come una sorta di tovaglia, presumibilmente delle sedie e forse anche maggior abbondanza di cibo. Scrive infatti Cirelli: «[I villani] non adoprano tovaglia, ma solo un mantile, che altro non eÌ? che un pezzo di tela con l?estremitaÌ? di color torchino, quale mai non cuopre tutta la tavola. Non anno [sic] tovaglioli, ma si nettano la bocca con le maniche del giupone, o della camiscia. Mangiano senza forchetta, e cuchiaro, e invece del quale adoprano una fetta di pane sopra la stessa tavola, dove mangiano tengono le pignatte ancor lorde di cenere, ed anche il caldaro. Tutto il pane tengono in massa in mezzo alla tavola [...] Nel piatto della minestra tengono ancora la carne, quale spezzano con le mani [...] Pongono similmente il vino in mezzo della tavola, beve
ndo tutti senza distinzione allo stesso boccale»2. «O tondo o tovagliol non aspettare / cheÌ? qua non usan queste bagatelle [...] Non s?ha fastidio a domandar da bere: / in mezzo sta il boccal e la scodella: / con questa beve il chierico e il messere / che di bicchier in su non si favella», aveva scritto un secolo prima l?anonimo autore di una sorta di inchiesta in versi sulle condizioni di vita dei montanari del Frignano, una zona appenninica dell?Emilia3.
+GiaÌ? nel mondo antico si consigliava di usare delle tovaglie per evitare che le pentole lasciassero la loro impronta sul tavolo. Allora la raccomandazione nasceva da una concezione magica della realtaÌ?: poicheÌ? si riteneva che tra la pentola e la sua impronta, cosiÌ? come in altri casi analoghi, ci fosse un legame di simpatia e l?una appartenesse all?altra, si pensava che agire sull?una fosse come agire sull?altra. Si credeva dunque che fosse possibile fare magie che avevano come oggetto la pentola agendo sulla traccia di cenere da essa lasciata. Per non correre il rischio che qualcuno ne approfittasse per fare qualche maleficio bisognava pertanto evitare che essa lasciasse tracce sul tavolo. La tovaglia serviva a tale scopo4.
+Nonostante dietro l?uso della tovaglia si celassero queste antiche credenze, il suo impiego in EtaÌ? moderna non era universale. Nel capitolo precedente, d?altronde, abbiamo visto che anche avere tavoli, sedie, vasellame e utensili da cucina non era sempre ovvio. Soffermiamoci dunque ora sul significato culturale e sociale di tale diffusione non uniforme. Esso emerge in modo particolarmente chiaro nella descrizione di Cirelli, nella quale la povertaÌ? della mensa, la scarsitaÌ? di vasellame e posate appaiono come qualcosa di piuÌ? che non un mero segno di miseria materiale: nella misura in cui esse si intrecciano in modo inestricabile con la mancanza di educazione dei contadini, appaiono infatti una manifestazione di quella che agli occhi di Cirelli e di buona parte dei cittadini e delle classi sociali medie e alte appare come l?animalitaÌ?, la belluinitaÌ? dei villani. La loro ignoranza delle buone maniere testimonia a contrario il profondo valore di distinzione sociale del
saper stare a tavola «come si deve». L?esser «villano» si tinge di connotazioni negative in contrapposizione all?«urbanitaÌ?» delle borghesie cittadine e alla «cortesia» dei ceti aristocratici5. «A tavula e tavulinu / si canusci u? cittadinu», recita un proverbio rilevato in Calabria, dove peraltro ancora nel nostro secolo molti interni domestici contadini risultavano improntati ad un?estrema povertaÌ?. «Allora non avevamo tavola, mettevamo tutto su un treppiede, tutti intorno a ruota; eravamo noi otto persone, mettevamo il treppiede in mezzo, aggiustavamo il focolare e laÌ? dovevamo mangiare», testimonia un?anziana donna intervistata nei primi anni Settanta, le cui parole sono peraltro in buona parte confermate da quelle di altri intervistati6.
+Certo il vocabolario delle buone maniere non eÌ? lo stesso dappertutto, neÌ? esprime sempre gli stessi contenuti dal punto di vista sociale. Le buone maniere, e tra queste quelle relative al comportamento a tavola, giocano tuttavia un ruolo importante nel definirsi del processo di civilizzazione, cioeÌ? nella creazione di un insieme coerente di caratteristiche e comportamenti ritenuti positivi, la civiltaÌ? appunto. Tale processo accomuna tutta l?Europa, seppur con diverse declinazioni nei differenti contesti7.
+Verso la metaÌ? del Cinquecento, secondo il francese Calviac, «i tedeschi mangiano con la bocca chiusa e trovano disgustoso fare diversamente. I francesi, al contrario, aprono a mezzo la bocca e trovano poco elegante la maniera usata dai tedeschi. Gli italiani masticano con minor vigore, i francesi piuÌ? robustamente, e quindi trovano troppo delicata e artificiosa la maniera degli italiani». Inoltre, «gli italiani in generale preferiscono avere un coltello per ciascuno. I tedeschi, poi, lo considerano tanto importante che eÌ? per loro motivo di grande fastidio che il loro coltello venga preso o richiesto da altri. I francesi, al contrario, in un?intera tavolata di persone si servono di due o tre coltelli senza che il chiederli o prenderli rappresenti un problema, e cosiÌ? il porgerli, quando siano richiesti». L?autore si sofferma anche sul diverso uso di cucchiaio e forchetta nelle tre nazioni: i tedeschi a suo avviso tendono a privilegiare il cucchiaio, gli italiani la
forchetta, i francesi li usano entrambi a seconda di come risulta loro piuÌ? comodo8.
+Soffermiamoci brevemente anche noi sulla storia delle posate, elemento importante nella trasformazione del rapporto degli occidentali con il cibo e dunque anche rispetto ai mutamenti delle capacitaÌ? di controllo degli istinti, delle pulsioni, del corpo e della gestualitaÌ?9. «La fame eÌ? fame, ma la fame placata con carne cotta mangiata con forchette e coltelli eÌ? una fame diversa da quella placata trangugiando carne cruda con l?aiuto di mani, unghie e denti»10, anche se poi non eÌ? detto, naturalmente, che chi mangia con le mani sia per forza privo di capacitaÌ? di autocontrollo, tanto in generale, quanto piuÌ? specificamente in rapporto al mangiare. Chiunque mangi con le posate tuttavia, non puoÌ? avventarsi sul cibo come un animale. Deve imparare a maneggiare degli strumenti, a coordinare le mani e la bocca, ad aspettare di aver predisposto un boccone prima di ingollarlo... Almeno nel campo dell?alimentazione deve insomma acquisire quel minimo di autocontrollo che chi
assume il cibo con le mani puoÌ? avere ma puoÌ? anche non Âavere.
+Posate, tovaglie, tovaglioli, piatti e bicchieri. Il cucchiaio, che deriva il suo nome da cochlea, cioeÌ? conchiglia, eÌ? in uso giaÌ? presso gli antichi Egizi. Roma ne conosce di due tipi, realizzati in osso, bronzo o argento: uno, definito appunto cochlear o cochleare, viene usato soprattutto per mangiare molluschi, uova o per somministrare medicinali; l?altro, detto ligula, piatto, a forma di foglia d?alloro, eÌ? forse impiegato soprattutto per infilzare i cibi, tanto che di recente eÌ? stato considerato antenato della forchetta piuÌ? che del cucchiaio. Durante il Medioevo pare che il cucchiaio, in genere in legno, piuÌ? raramente in oro e argento, sia tutto sommato di impiego abbastanza raro. Verso la fine del periodo ha tuttavia larga diffusione e se ne producono in materiali ricchi e preziosi (avorio, cristallo, oro e argento). La tipologia si diversifica, soprattutto in Inghilterra, dove spesso il cucchiaio nelle grandi famiglie ha inciso lo stemma del casato11.
+Anche il coltello ha una lunga storia. Lame piuÌ? o meno rudimentali risalgono, ovviamente, alla notte dei tempi. Ma il coltello piccolo per uso in senso lato «domestico», differenziato dal coltello per altri impieghi, pare sia stato portato dai «barbari» invasori. Mano a mano che la societaÌ? diviene meno bellicosa, l?uso del coltello, la cui vista puoÌ? suscitare paura e ricordare situazioni di violenza, a tavola verraÌ? limitato. Non si arriveraÌ? ad una situazione analoga a quella vigente in Cina, dove esso eÌ? bandito dalla mensa. Ma durante il Rinascimento l?affinarsi delle buone maniere comporta la nascita del coltello da tavola dalla punta arrotondata. Esso si diffonde parallelamente all?uso di tagliare le carni sul piatto. Ma la sua crescente fortuna eÌ? connessa anche al declino dell?abitudine di infilzare i cibi con la punta della lama per prenderli e portarli alla bocca. Tale declino eÌ? in buona parte legato all?imporsi della forchetta12.
+Gli antichi Romani impiegavano forchettoni e forse anche una sorta di forchetta, ma soprattutto per maneggiare le vivande in cucina. Inventate forse a Bisanzio, le forchette vere e proprie, quelle usate per portare il cibo alla bocca, sono presenti in area bizantina e in Italia giaÌ? nel X-XI secolo. Il banchetto per le nozze tra la principessa greca Argillo e il figlio del doge di Venezia, celebrate nel 955, eÌ? forse la prima occasione in cui su una tavola dell?Europa occidentale compare tale posata. Mentre tutti mangiano con le mani la raffinata principessa usa infatti una forchetta. Associate al mondo bizantino, nella situazione di tensione creatasi con lo scisma tra la Chiesa ortodossa e la Chiesa di Roma (1054) le forchette verranno presentate dal clero cattolico come simbolo del demonio e il loro uso saraÌ? bollato come peccato. E questo stigma peseraÌ? per secoli: ancora nel Seicento, quando in Italia il loro uso eÌ? ormai frequente, Monteverdi ogni volta che per buo
na educazione eÌ? costretto a impiegarle fa dire tre messe per espiare il peccato commesso13.
+In Italia eÌ? dal Tre-Quattrocento che le forchette cominciano a comparire in modo un po? meno sporadico14. CosiÌ? a Napoli giaÌ? ai tempi di Roberto d?AngioÌ? (1309-1343) c?eÌ? chi consiglia di mangiare la pasta, calda e scivolosa, infilzandola con una sorta di punteruolo di legno, antenato della forchetta di metallo. Certo allora si trattava di un cibo costoso e di uno strumento il cui uso era limitato agli ambienti di corte. Ma anche prima di divenire un alimento popolare, la pasta ? e con essa la forchetta ? conosceranno un certo successo negli ambienti borghesi15.
+EÌ? dall?Italia pertanto che la forchetta passa negli altri paesi europei nel corso dell?EtaÌ? moderna. Ma la sua diffusione eÌ? piuttosto lenta. In Francia eÌ? presente giaÌ? nel Cinquecento, come testimonia lo stesso Calviac. A corte viene forse introdotta da Caterina de? Medici, che nel 1533 sposa Enrico II. Suo figlio Enrico III cercheraÌ? di renderne obbligatorio l?impiego a suon di ordini e regolamenti. Essi avranno peroÌ? anche l?effetto di suscitare larga derisione contro i raffinati italianofili che non toccano il cibo con le mani. L?avversione della nobiltaÌ? francese per la forchetta verraÌ? definitivamente meno solo nella seconda metaÌ? del Seicento. Ma ancora verso il 1730 essa non eÌ? d?uso comune neppure ai vertici della societaÌ? e addirittura a corte c?eÌ? chi mette le mani nel piatto16. In Inghilterra Giacomo I ne fa uso, ma alla sua morte (1625) non avraÌ? quasi imitatori. Un secolo dopo (1725) solo il 10% delle famiglie inglesi risulteraÌ? in possesso di
forchette e coltelli da tavola17. E in Germania la penetrazione saraÌ?, se possibile, ancor piuÌ? lenta: le forchette cominciano timidamente a far capolino sulle tavole dei piuÌ? raffinati solo a fine Seicento. Un secolo piuÌ? tardi, tuttavia, nei ceti medio-alti di tutt?Europa il loro uso eÌ? ormai consolidato. In seguito esso si impone anche negli altri ceti sociali18. Ma quando la forchetta eÌ? ormai presente su ogni tavola, sono passati piuÌ? o meno mille anni da quella festa di nozze durante la quale la raffinata Argillo ne aveva forse per la prima volta fatto sfoggio nell?Europa occidentale.
+Ben piuÌ? rapida, almeno tra i ceti elevati, eÌ? stata la diffusione del piatto, che dal Cinquecento sostituisce i taglieri lignei in uso nel Medioevo. Per quanto fossero noti giaÌ? in epoca medievale eÌ? soprattutto allora, infatti, che accanto a semplici piatti di legno si moltiplicano quelli di peltro, di stagno o d?argento. Lo sfoggio che attraverso i piatti puoÌ? essere fatto in occasione dei banchetti viene talvolta combattuto anche attraverso leggi suntuarie: cosiÌ? Pio V impone di sostituire i piatti d?argento con piatti di terracotta e maiolica (in Spagna e in Italia la produzione di maiolica aveva cominciato a svilupparsi giaÌ? in epoca medievale)19.
+«Un tempo la minestra la si mangiava dal piatto comune, senza cerimonie» e «nello spezzatino si intingevano dita e pane», recitano i versi di una canzone francese del Seicento. «Oggi ciascuno mangia la zuppa dal suo piatto e bisogna servirsi con garbo di cucchiaio e forchetta»20. A partire dal XVI secolo, nella buona societaÌ? si diffonde in effetti la tendenza a fornire a ogni convitato un piatto, un bicchiere, un cucchiaio, un coltello (piuÌ? lentamente, come detto, una forchetta), uno o piuÌ? tovaglioli, non di rado cambiati piuÌ? volte dalla servituÌ? durante i banchetti, cosiÌ? come si faceva con le tovaglie. Si abbandona poi l?uso di passare al vicino questo o quell?utensile. Solo le posate di servizio restano comuni. Ma portarle alla bocca diviene segno di maleducazione e inciviltaÌ?21. Insieme alle sedie, anche piatti, bicchieri e posate individuali, isolando ogni commensale dai suoi vicini, contribuiscono pertanto a por fine a quella che un autore ha definito
come «promiscuitaÌ? conviviale»22.
+Non dappertutto, tuttavia, le trasformazioni sono univoche e lineari. Se la parola italiana «posate» viene da «posare» e fa dunque riferimento al fatto che si tratta di oggetti messi sulla tavola23, nell?area tedesca il termine corrispondente Besteck in origine designava il fodero del coltello che ciascuno portava alla cintura. In seguito in tale fodero si cominciarono a portare anche cucchiai e poi forchette: si trattava dunque, a quanto pare, di una dotazione prevalentemente maschile. E rigorosamente individuale (si ricordi il giudizio di Calviac, secondo il quale i tedeschi non amavano prestare il proprio coltello). Solo col tempo si sarebbe realizzato il passaggio a posate disposte sulla tavola che ciascuno usa individualmente ma che non sono sue proprie24.
+Ma neppure in questo caso si sarebbe arrivati immediatamente a situazioni simili a quella attuale. Nei villaggi tedeschi, infatti, se in EtaÌ? moderna tutti avevano almeno un cucchiaio di legno, anche le famiglie che conoscevano il lusso delle posate possedevano spesso solo un coltello da tavola e una forchetta. Si trattava, insomma, di posate per cosiÌ? dire al singolare, il cui uso era riservato al padre oppure alla madre di famiglia. Nel villaggio svevo di Kirchentellinsfurt solo negli anni Sessanta dell?Ottocento sarebbe divenuto usuale, tra i ceti medio-alti, possedere piuÌ? posate25. Anche in Italia ancora in tempi recenti l?uso della forchetta poteva disegnare, a tavola, precise gerarchie: noi donne «mangiavamo tutto con le mani. Solo gli uomini avevano la forchetta», racconta Genoveffa, nata nel 1906 nel Trevigiano, figlia di un muratore e moglie di un contadino proprietario26.
+Tovaglie da un lato e, dall?altro, tovaglioli, piatti e posate individuali sono insomma divenuti di uso davvero pressocheÌ? universale, almeno nel mondo occidentale, solo di recente27. «Quando mangiavamo la minestra eravamo tutti insieme, ma dei bicchieri ce n?era tre o quattro e dicevamo: ?vuota te che adesso bevo io?», ricorda una donna di nome Teresa nata nel 1898 a Mercatale, in provincia di Arezzo28. E in Calabria ancora qualche decennio fa c?erano case in cui tutti bevevano dallo stesso bicchiere o, piuÌ? spesso, dalla stessa brocca, e si pulivano con un?unica salvietta29. Testimonianze relative agli anni Cinquanta del nostro secolo ci riferiscono di famiglie di quelle stesse zone in cui aveva viaggiato Jouvin de Rochefort riunite intorno al desco a mangiare mosa fatta di latte, burro e farina da un unico recipiente posto in mezzo alla tavola, ogni membro dotato solo di un cucchiaio personale (siamo in un?area tedesca) destinato ? una volta finito il pasto ? a venir
pulito sommariamente, magari con un lembo del grembiule oppure sul retro dei calzoni o della gonna, e a venir poi appeso alla parete egli Âinventari solo del 3,5% delle nobili, nell?1,6% di quelli delle domestiche e delle mogli e figlie di funzionari, in nessuno di quelli delle salariate. Solo artigiane e bottegaie ne hanno un po? di piuÌ? (12%). Di fatto sono considerate un indumento per cacciatrici, attrici e prostituÂte56. A fine secolo risultano piuÌ? diffuse, ma ancora piuttosto rare (sono presenti nel 7,2% degli inventari di aristocratiche, nel 6,6% di quelli delle mogli e figlie di funzionari, nel 2,6% di quelli di domestiche, ma risultano assenti nel resto della popolazione).
+Il capo principale di biancheria non sono allora le mutande ma, come giaÌ? si saraÌ? intuito, la camicia. Indumento antico, essa si diffonde nelle campagne italiane con una certa ampiezza solo nel Quattrocento, per quanto sia presente giaÌ? nel Due-Trecento, e costituisca anzi talvolta l?unico capo di abbigliamento posseduto. GiaÌ? nel Cinquecento, secondo Benedetto Varchi, i contadini toscani la cambiano una volta alla settimana, la domenica. Spesso peroÌ? non eÌ? un indumento portato sotto altri: soprattutto in estate i contadini indossano solo cappello di paglia e camicia, rappresentata da un camicione senza colletto, con uno spacco dietro e due sui fianchi, lungo almeno fino a metaÌ? coscia58.
+A quest?epoca nelle campagne francesi la camicia eÌ? ancora un capo molto raro59. Negli ambienti di corte eÌ? al contrario molto diffusa e pare che la si cambi quasi tutti i giorni60. In altri, invece, i ritmi sono molto piuÌ? rilassati, ma si nota una tendenza all?accelerazione: nelle istituzioni educative a fine Cinquecento si raccomanda di cambiarla una volta al mese, un secolo piuÌ? tardi in molti collegi si arriva a cambi bisettimanali61. In quest?ottica, non stupisce piuÌ? di tanto che nei guardaroba dei domestici parigini, il cui stile di vita eÌ? influenzato da quello dei ceti presso cui lavorano, le camicie abbondino: tra il 1700 e il 1715, stando agli inventari, ne possiede almeno una l?88% delle serve, che spesso ne hanno a dozzine. I maschi ne hanno in media una decina a testa, ben 25 tra il 1775 e il 1790. Ma non tutti sono cosiÌ? ben forniti. Nella stessa Parigi, considerata la cittaÌ? europea in cui la biancheria eÌ? piuÌ? abbondante, i guardaroba dei salariat
i sono meno provvisti, tanto che d?estate, la domenica, lungo la Senna, sono molti coloro che lavano la propria unica camicia. Alla fine del secolo dei Lumi lavare la camicia una volta ogni quindici giorni o una volta alla settimana sembra infatti un?abitudine anche tra chi ne possiede una sola, almeno nella bella stagione62.
+Nelle campagne sarde, in segno di lutto non ci si cambia la camicia per un anno: cioÌ? ? nota un autore ? testimonia che la camicia eÌ? conosciuta e che non cambiarla eÌ? un sacrificio63. Ma testimonia anche che portare lo stesso indumento per tutto l?anno eÌ? una pratica nonostante tutto accettabile, tanto da parte di chi ha perso un parente, quanto da parte di chi gli sta vicino e deve tollerarne gli odori. Nello stesso periodo in Inghilterra eÌ? addirittura usuale, all?inizio dell?inverno, spalmare i bambini di grasso e cucir loro addosso i vestiti, in modo che restino sempre ben coperti e non prendano freddo
+Trovare, selezionare e usare l'informazione
+Alla ricerca dell'informazione desiderata
+Girovagare nella rete puoÌ? essere divertente, eÌ? il passatempo preferito di molti utenti Internet ed eÌ? un ottimo diversivo sul lavoro (anzi, sembra essere responsabile di significativi cali di produttivitaÌ? in certe aziende). EÌ? provato che il traffico nella rete aumenta notevolmente verso l'ora di pranzo, con conseguenti rallentamenti dei tempi di trasferimento dei file, proprio percheÌ? molti approfittano della pausa per divertirsi un po'.
+La storia della scienza eÌ? costellata da scoperte magnifiche avvenute per caso e cosiÌ? anche molte perle di Internet possono essere trovate fortuitamente. Ma eÌ? chiaro che un uso professionale di Internet presuppone di non affidarsi alla fortuna, ma sapere cosa cercare, dove cercare, come cercare.
+I calcolatori che memorizzano documenti multimediali e li rendono accessibili via Internet diventano sempre piuÌ? numerosi e di difficile censimento. Le differenti stime realizzate da vari enti e organizzazioni, tra cui istituti di ricerca e aziende che operano nell'ambito delle ricerche di mercato, forniscono naturalmente cifre discordanti tra loro. Fotografare in un volume una realtaÌ? come quella di Internet, cosiÌ? complessa da stimare e soggetta a un'evoluzione fortemente non lineare, non eÌ? certamente opportuno e comporta il rischio di fornire dati approssimativi e obsoleti.
+Gli unici dati certi sono la tendenza alla crescita molto veloce e l'ordine di grandezza del numero dei siti Web: alcuni milioni nel mondo.
+Tutte queste risorse possono essere classificate secondo vari punti di vista: il piuÌ? immediato, ma anche quello meno significativo, eÌ? quello geografico. Ma un professionista che usi Internet saraÌ? interessato soprattutto a ricercare per argomenti e non in base alla geografia. PotraÌ? quindi orientarsi in un elenco di discipline ordinate secondo una certa gerarchia.
+Da questo punto di vista, il sito generalista Yahoo! (www. yahoo.com), di cui ora esiste anche una versione italiana (www. yahoo.it) eÌ? l'ideale. Le risorse sono classificate per argomenti in sezioni e rubriche a differenti livelli. All'indirizzo www.yahoo.it/Medicina_e_salute si possono vedere le rubriche in cui eÌ? suddivisa la sezione "Medicina e Salute" nel sito italiano; al www.yahoo.it/Medicina_e_salute/Medicina sono riportate le varie discipline mediche e al www.yahoo.it/Medicina_e_salute/Ortopedia/Organizzazioni un esempio di pagina da cui accedere direttamente ai siti.
+Il lavoro di catalogazione e classificazione eÌ? svolto manualmente da alcuni consulenti che ricercano autonomamente i siti Web e raccolgono le segnalazioni spontanee degli autori delle risorse o dei semplici utenti. Il sito statunitense eÌ? ricchissimo di informazione, ma quello italiano ? limitandosi alle risorse nazionali ? puoÌ? essere comunque utile a chi voglia concentrare localmente la propria ricerca.
+Un ottimo sito, dedicato esclusivamente al mondo sanitario, eÌ? quello della Medical Matrix (www.medmatrix.org). EÌ? possibile lanciare una ricerca per parole chiave oppure esplorare i siti categorizzati in base alle malattie o alle specialitaÌ? (vedi riquadro sottostante). Inoltre, eÌ? un digest di informazioni preziosissime sulle liste di discussione, sui temi della pratica clinica, sulla letteratura corrente, sulle banche dati, sulla tele-medicina, sulla didattica, sul management sanitario, sui progetti in corso e sull'industria biomedica.
+Questo capitolo si propone di fornire un rapido quadro d?insieme delle funzionalitaÌ? di Internet, ma per gli utenti alle prime armi eÌ? comunque consigliabile affiancare alla lettura di questo volume (specificamente rivolto all?esame delle risorse e delle potenzialitaÌ? della rete in ambito medico) quella di un buon manuale introduttivo generale.
+Uno specchio della popolaritaÌ? di Internet eÌ? senz?altro la fioritura di libri e riviste sull?argomento. Il fenomeno si eÌ? rapidamente esteso dagli Stati Uniti all?Europa. Non eÌ? raro vedere le vetrine delle librerie, anche quelle non specializzate, affollate da volumi sulla rete delle reti, volumi che quasi monopolizzano gli scaffali dedicati all?informatica.
+Tra tutti questi, vale la pena segnalare il classico testo di Gilster e soprattutto Internet ?98, di Calvo, Ciotti, Roncaglia e Zela.
+Le origini di Internet
+Come molte delle tecnologie ormai disponibili su larga scala, anche Internet ha un?origine almeno in parte militare. Fu, infatti, il dipartimento della Difesa degli Stati Uniti che negli anni Settanta finanzioÌ? l?interconnessione sperimentale di alcuni calcolatori sparsi per il paese.
+L?obiettivo era non solo quello tradizionale di replicare le informazioni vitali, ma anche di far funzionare contemporaneamente i vari calcolatori e far loro condividere in tempo reale i dati ricavati dai vari centri radar e dalle varie postazioni di ascolto. L?intelligenza veniva cosiÌ? a essere distribuita, un ipotetico attacco nucleare avrebbe potuto danneggiare solo una parte di questa rete, ma il sistema nel suo complesso si presentava praticamente invulnerabile.
+Come spesso accade, le ricadute della ricerca militare furono sfruttate dal mondo civile, in primo luogo da un ente governativo. La National Science Foundation (NSF), infatti, creoÌ? cinque centri di supercalcolo, e la rete militare ? la ARPAnet ? fu messa a disposizione della comunitaÌ? scientifica che voleva accedere ai supercalcolatori. Successivamente la NSF mise in piedi una rete tutta sua ? la NSFnet ? che sfruttava un protocollo di trasferimento dati destinato a diventare popolare: il TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Definire un protocollo significa sostanzialmente precisare tutte le convenzioni necessarie a permettere lo scambio di dati tra differenti elaboratori. L?idea di base di questo protocollo era dividere ogni messaggio in "pacchetti" di bit, con il protocollo TCP ad assicurarsi che i vari frammenti fossero ricomposti nell?ordine corretto. L?Internet Protocol eÌ? la lingua in cui le informazioni che riguardano un singolo pacchetto sono scr
itte. In IP sono quindi scritti quei frammenti del messaggio che parlano del messaggio stesso.
+Anche in Europa i centri di calcolo sentirono l?esigenza di collegarsi tra loro, dando vita a EARN (European Academy Research Network). Altre iniziative nazionali e trans-nazionali si affermarono, con decine e decine di reti indipendenti e isolate l?una con l?altra, ognuna con il proprio protocollo di comunicazione incompatibile con quello delle altre. Per comunicare con utenti di un?altra rete era necessario utilizzare appositi calcolatori che fungevano da tramite traducendo un protocollo in un altro.
+Le organizzazioni di standardizzazione internazionali cominciarono ad attivarsi per rilasciare un protocollo standard di comunicazione, valido in tutto il mondo. Mentre i lavori proseguono, l?Internet Protocol eÌ? diventato lo standard di fatto. Non privo di difetti, ma se non altro un?interlingua diffusa ormai in tutto il mondo.
+Internet non esiste come realtaÌ? singola. Esistono tante reti diverse nel mondo che hanno deciso di condividere lo stesso protocollo. Internet eÌ? questo fenomeno: eÌ? l?interconnessione e l?interoperabilitaÌ? tra le reti locali ? diverse decine di migliaia ? che rende possibile il dialogo tra milioni e milioni di utenti.
+Non si tratta di un?infrastruttura imposta dall?alto, ma di un movimento di integrazione che nasce dal basso. Come scrive Herz: "EÌ? semplicemente la coscienza collettiva di tutti quelli che ne fanno parte" (J.C. Herz, I surfisti di Internet, Feltrinelli, Milano 1995).
+Tutti questi calcolatori in rete, o meglio, tutti gli utenti di questi calcolatori possono interconnettersi con varie finalitaÌ? utilizzando applicazioni appropriate. Le applicazioni di maggior interesse per i medici sono: la posta elettronica, per spedire messaggi a uno o piuÌ? destinatari, le liste di discussione e i newsgroup, diversi nella realizzazione, ma simili nell?obiettivo (creare un forum virtuale di discussione) e il World Wide Web.
+La posta elettronica
+I primi esperimenti di posta elettronica risalgono agli anni Settanta e precedono quindi lo sviluppo stesso di Internet. L?esistenza di una rete di calcolatori stimoloÌ?, infatti, la ricerca di nuove applicazioni e si pensoÌ? allora di utilizzare il canale di trasmissione apertosi anche per spedire e ricevere messaggi personali.
+A quei tempi la comunitaÌ? in rete era composta da poche migliaia di utenti, quasi tutti del mondo della ricerca, per lo piuÌ? fisici. La posta elettronica era per loro semplicemente un?opzione in piuÌ? rispetto alle limitate funzionalitaÌ? che la rete offriva. Non c?erano applicazioni appositamente sviluppate e si utilizzavano prevalentemente apposite istruzioni del sistema operativo Unix. Gli utenti erano scienziati abituati a interagire con sistemi complessi e non era ancora sentita la necessitaÌ? di realizzare le interfacce amichevoli che oggi sono disponibili su tutti i personal computer.
+Nell?esempio in figura 1 viene riportata una sessione di lavoro realmente eseguita per spedire un messaggio utilizzando questo tipo di strumenti, dall?impiego non proprio intuitivo. Come si vede, dopo il "prompt" (in questo caso il dollaro, il simbolo che Unix, il sistema operativo del calcolatore, presenta all?utente e dopo il quale si aspetta che venga inserita un?istruzione) eÌ? stato dato il comando "mail" seguito dall?indirizzo del destinatario. Un punto isolato, unico carattere in tutta una riga, eÌ? stato impiegato per segnalare alla macchina che abbiamo finito di scrivere e che la lettera puoÌ? partire.
+Come si puoÌ? notare, si tratta di un?interfaccia molto essenziale e con capacitaÌ? di editing nulle. Fortunatamente, in alternativa esistono ormai programmi per gestire la posta elettronica decisamente piuÌ? semplici da utilizzare, come il popolare Eudora, adatto sia all?ambiente Windows sia a quello Macintosh (fig. 2).
+La diffusione di Internet non ha modificato le funzionalitaÌ? della posta elettronica, ma ha consentito un?efficace integrazione tra le varie reti sparse per il mondo, in modo tale che quasi ogni calcolatore del mondo sia raggiungibile, conoscendone l?indirizzo.
+Supponiamo di dover spedire un messaggio all?utente il cui indirizzo Internet eÌ?:
+La parte a destra del simbolo "@" serve a individuare il calcolatore che riceveraÌ? il messaggio, mentre a sinistra troviamo identificato il destinatario, uno dei tanti utenti dello stesso calcolatore.
+Come si puoÌ? notare, la parte destra dell?indirizzo eÌ? composta da vari elementi ? detti "dominii" ? separati tra loro da puntini. Il piuÌ? esterno di questi identifica la nazione di destinazione: eÌ? la Internet Society che assegna delle sigle standard a ogni Stato raggiunto dalla rete.
+Fanno eccezione gli Stati Uniti, dove la sigla "us" eÌ? usata molto raramente (come in "bruce well sf ca us" che, letto da destra verso sinistra ci daÌ?: Stati Uniti, California, San Francisco, la rete del bulletin board "Well"). Nella stragrande maggioranza dei casi gli indirizzi USA hanno come dominio piuÌ? esterno un identificatore quale "edu" per le reti universitarie, "com" per quelle commerciali, "gov" per quelle governative e cosiÌ? via. In fondo, come inventori di questo servizio, gli americani si avvalgono della stessa prerogativa delle poste britanniche, prime nel mondo a introdurre i francobolli e uniche a non scriverci sopra il nome della nazione.
+Viene spontaneo chiedersi come faccia il calcolatore, una volta in possesso dell?indirizzo del destinatario, a recapitargli il messaggio.
+Ovviamente la risposta al quesito non eÌ? elementare ed esulerebbe dagli scopi di questo libro occuparsene esaurientemente. PeroÌ? eÌ? possibile dare un?idea del funzionamento della posta senza entrare in dettagli tecnici.
+Una volta scritto un messaggio diciamo al calcolatore di inviarlo. A questo punto eÌ? come averlo impostato in una buca delle lettere, ce ne disinteressiamo e lasciamo che siano le poste a mandarlo avanti. Quello che invece succede eÌ? che appositi calcolatori disseminati lungo la rete ? detti routers ? smistano i messaggi (che poi non viaggiano mai tutti interi, ma divisi in "pacchetti") e se li trasmettono l?uno verso l?altro. Ogni router eÌ? collegato ad altri router ed eÌ? in grado, leggendo un indirizzo, di scegliere a quale di questi passare il messaggio, il ricevente faraÌ? la stessa cosa e il processo si ripeteraÌ? fincheÌ? la lettera elettronica non saraÌ? giunta a destinazione.
+L?idea di frammentare il messaggio in pacchetti aumenta l?affidabilitaÌ? della posta elettronica. La cosa curiosa, e che puoÌ? lasciare perplessi a prima vista, eÌ? che non tutti i pacchetti spediti seguono sempre la stessa strada. In effetti questo serve a fare aumentare le probabilitaÌ? che il messaggio completo giunga a destinazione. Infatti, i pacchetti che arrivano e non hanno trovato ostacoli lungo il cammino (percheÌ? su milioni di calcolatori, ce ne puoÌ? sempre essere qualcuno inattivo) si ricompongono all?arrivo e il sistema che li riceve fa l?appello per cercare i mancanti. Tutto questo eÌ? reso possibile dal protocollo di Internet e dal fatto che ogni pacchetto ha un?intestazione che riporta notizie su di lui: da dove viene, dove eÌ? diretto, che strada ha fatto, quanti sono i suoi "fratelli" e che numero eÌ? della "famiglia". In questo modo il sistema, sempre in maniera invisibile all?utente, puoÌ? istruire il calcolatore mittente e farsi mandare i pacchetti man
canti lungo il percorso giaÌ? seguito con successo dagli altri.
+Molti utenti comunque non si pongono il problema di sapere come funziona la posta elettronica, ma la usano e continuano a usarla sempre piuÌ? spesso. Questo, al di laÌ? del fattore moda, che pure gioca un ruolo non secondario, eÌ? un chiaro segno che il servizio offerto eÌ? effettivamente utile e puoÌ? semplificare notevolmente il lavoro.
+Come una segreteria telefonica, la posta elettronica memorizza tutti i messaggi ricevuti in assenza del destinatario o se questi non vuole essere disturbato. Per chi spedisce eÌ? molto piuÌ? economica di un telegramma, di una teleselezione o di un fax, ed eÌ? anche possibile inviare ? con un?unica operazione ? la stessa lettera a piuÌ? persone contemporaneamente. PercioÌ? trenta lettere di invito a una riunione, non si tramuteranno in trenta fotocopie, trenta buste, trenta francobolli e neanche in trenta fax. Saranno unicamente trenta indirizzi in testa a un solo messaggio spedito una volta per tutte.
+Il fax eÌ? senz?altro l?applicazione che puoÌ? fare piuÌ? concorrenza alla posta elettronica. Molti utenti ne percepiscono il vantaggio immediato e si mostrano riluttanti ad abbandonarlo. Certamente il fax ha dei vantaggi innegabili per chi lo riceve: arriva giaÌ? pronto e stampato su carta e si puoÌ? leggere immediatamente. Inoltre eÌ? multimediale, potendo integrare testo e immagine. " una tecnologia economica, semplice da installare e di utilizzo elementare.
+Quali sono peroÌ? gli svantaggi rispetto alla posta elettronica? Innanzi tutto il fax non eÌ? privato: chiunque passi nei pressi della macchina che lo riceve, volendo puoÌ? leggere informazioni che non lo riguardano. Inoltre, il fax viaggia sulle normali linee telefoniche: due o piuÌ? fax non possono arrivare contemporaneamente, e allora gli altri utenti troveranno occupato e saranno costretti a ritentare l?invio. Soprattutto per chi spedisce messaggi ? anzi sarebbe meglio dire quando si spediscono messaggi, dato che normalmente un soggetto scambia informazioni sia inviandole, sia ricevendole ? il fax eÌ? decisamente meno conveniente della posta elettronica.
+E un altro enorme vantaggio della posta elettronica, che potraÌ? apprezzare chi si sposta molto per lavoro, anche solo nella stessa cittaÌ?, eÌ? la possibilitaÌ? di essere consultata ovunque ci sia accesso alla rete. Se un congresso scientifico, per esempio, mette alcune postazioni Internet a disposizione dei partecipanti, questi potranno controllare la propria posta, invece di cercare una segretaria e farsi leggere eventuali fax. Per questioni che non siano di estrema urgenza, la posta elettronica non eÌ? invadente come il telefonino, si consulta solo se si vuole.
+E, infine, un ultimo aspetto della tecnologia legata alle e-mail: i cosiddetti attachments, ovvero documenti che memorizzano testi ricchi di formattazione (neretto, corsivo, paragrafi), immagini e meno spesso suoni e brevi filmati. Questi allegati vengono codificati in maniera particolare, spediti insieme al messaggio, ricevuti e quindi decodificati dal ricevente che puoÌ? a sua volta, volendo, modificarli direttamente. Per cui, se, per esempio, eÌ? necessario inviare informazione visuale, non eÌ? piuÌ? indispensabile ricorrere al fax.
+La crescente diffusione della posta elettronica negli Stati Uniti ha spinto l?Associazione americana di informatica medica (AMIA) a pubblicare delle linee guida per l?utilizzo clinico dell?e-mail tra medici e pazienti.
+In effetti, le cifre sembrano confermare l?urgenza di una regolamentazione di un fenomeno sempre piuÌ? di massa: uno studio della Forrester prevede 100 milioni di utenti on-line entro il 2000 (lo studio eÌ? disponibile alla URL: www.forrester.com. Una URL identifica univocamente un documento su Internet), mentre negli Stati Uniti giaÌ? il 10 per cento dei medici sono collegati a Internet.
+Se ne deduce che l?interazione medico-paziente tramite posta elettronica saraÌ? sempre meno occasionale.
+Rispetto al consueto telefono questo mezzo presenta indubbiamente notevoli vantaggi. Una telefonata puoÌ? essere persa, dimenticata, un appunto puoÌ? finire sepolto sotto un mare di carte, e poi puoÌ? essere frustrante trovare sempre la linea occupata e simili inconvenienti, mentre prendere appuntamento per e-mail eÌ? molto piuÌ? pratico.
+Uno studio americano ha investigato le abitudini di 117 pazienti con accesso a Internet (R.A. Neill, A.G. Mainous, J.R. Clark, M.D. Hagen, The utility of electronic mail as a medium for patient-physician communication, in «Arch. Fam. Med.», 1197, 3(3), pp. 268-71). Meno di un terzo di loro aveva un medico di famiglia dotato di e-mail e tra questi solo un terzo la usava effettivamente per comunicare con lui: dunque un?esigua minoranza, che si eÌ? peroÌ? rivelata entusiasta del mezzo apprezzandone soprattutto la velocitaÌ?, la convenienza, l?efficacia e l?utilitaÌ? nel risolvere semplici problemi.
+Con la posta elettronica i pazienti hanno un pro-memoria scritto su quello che devono fare, sulle medicine da prendere, hanno gli indirizzi di eventuali consulenti o centri specialistici da visitare e, inoltre, possono documentarsi sul World Wide Web su siti di educazione sanitaria segnalati dagli stessi medici curanti.
+In presenza di un simile scenario, che evidenzia indubbiamente la praticitaÌ? di questo mezzo di comunicazione, non vanno dimenticate le peculiaritaÌ? del mondo sanitario. Per questo motivo l?AMIA ha costituito un gruppo di lavoro che ha elaborato delle linee guida che hanno senz?altro una valenza non solo locale. Presto saraÌ? il caso di affrontare il problema anche in Europa e il lavoro giaÌ? fatto negli Stati Uniti costituiraÌ? un?ottima base di partenza.
+Queste linee guida riguardano due aspetti correlati: l?interazione clinico-paziente e l?osservanza di cautele medico-legali. Per quanto riguarda l?interazione, la prima elementare norma eÌ? evidentemente quella di non trattare casi urgenti per e-mail. Inoltre, si richiede di informare il cliente su chi leggeraÌ? i suoi messaggi, se il medico stesso o il personale della segreteria, si suggerisce, infine, di stampare ogni comunicazione e inserirla nella cartella e di predisporre sistemi di risposta automatica, tipo: "il dottore ha ricevuto il suo messaggio e le risponderaÌ? entro un giorno lavorativo, per casi urgenti chiami il numero 555-1234".
+Dal punto di vista medico-legale, queste linee guida si preoccupano ovviamente di assicurare la massima riservatezza possibile ai pazienti. Innanzi tutto, questi dovranno acconsentire esplicitamente all?utilizzo della posta elettronica per comunicare, mentre saraÌ? cura dei medici utilizzare il piuÌ? possibile algoritmi di cifratura e di proteggere il proprio computer dall?ingerenza di estranei.
+La posta elettronica presto diventeraÌ? una realtaÌ? familiare, quanto il telefono e il fax. EÌ? bene pensare a inserirla armoniosamente nel rapporto medico-paziente, rispettando la privacy degli individui e migliorando l?efficienza della comunicazione.
+La rete offre vantaggi notevoli a chi voglia utilizzarla per dialogare con piuÌ? persone contemporaneamente.
+Abbiamo visto che lo stesso messaggio puoÌ? essere simultaneamente inviato a piuÌ? destinatari per posta elettronica, ma questo sistema ha dei limiti evidenti se pensiamo che, per proseguire il dialogo, tutti dovrebbero rispondere a tutti, creando una situazione difficilmente governabile, anzi ben presto ingestibile.
+Nelle liste di discussione invece, ogni partecipante scrive a un unico indirizzo: quello della lista. Il calcolatore che riceve il messaggio lo ritrasmette a tutti gli altri abbonati alla lista, attivando un apposito programma di gestione delle liste.
+Esistono migliaia di liste di discussione su migliaia di argomenti, anche nel settore biomedico, ovviamente. Ogni professionista troveraÌ? decine e anche centinaia di liste nella specializzazione di suo interesse (un ottimo database di liste, accessibile sia per parole chiave, sia per argomenti, e' disponibile alla URL: www.liszt.com).
+Iscriversi a una di queste eÌ? semplicissimo. Normalmente l?unica cosa da fare eÌ? inviare un messaggio al calcolatore che gestisce la lista. Un apposito software installato nel calcolatore ricevente registreraÌ? l?utente neo-iscritto e, da quel momento in poi, provvederaÌ? a rispedirgli, sempre con la posta elettronica, tutti i messaggi giunti alla lista.
+La propria casella postale cominceraÌ? allora a riempirsi di lettere di sconosciuti (gli altri iscritti), ma l?argomento del messaggio (il "subject"), auspicabilmente indicato, dovrebbe consentire di valutare a priori l?interesse del tema trattato (fig. 3).
+La ricerca di aiuto eÌ? la motivazione principale di chi scrive a una lista settoriale. Il piuÌ? delle volte si sviluppa un senso di solidarietaÌ? che porta gli utenti, quasi tutti colleghi, a sentirsi parte di una comunitaÌ? in rete e ad assistersi reciprocamente.
+Non mancano poi quelli che si rivolgono a una lista per cercare lavoro o per offrire un contratto.
+EÌ? ben noto tuttavia che un eccesso di informazione puoÌ? portare ben presto a una saturazione delle capacitaÌ? di valutarla e assorbirla. Questo paradosso si adatta bene al caso di Internet, proprio per l?ubiquitaÌ? e la rapiditaÌ? di distribuzione delle notizie che la rete delle reti offre.
+Un serio inconveniente delle liste di discussione, e che in effetti spesso ne impedisce un utilizzo efficiente, eÌ? l?eccesso di messaggi che si possono ricevere. A volte cosiÌ? tanti che eÌ? impossibile leggerli, e in piuÌ? destinati ad accumularsi implacabilmente.
+Chiaramente molti di questi possono essere irrilevanti, magari spediti da utenti sprovveduti, e una prima scrematura puoÌ? essere fatta leggendo il subject e scartandone qualcuno a priori senza neanche guardarlo.
+Si adottano tuttavia metodi alternativi per limitare a monte la presenza di informazione non rilevante: il cosiddetto "rumore".
+Ci sono, infatti, liste con un moderatore, nelle quali i partecipanti alla discussione inviano il loro contributo a una persona che decide se sia il caso o no di distribuirlo. Ci sono, inoltre, liste ad accesso limitato (moderate o no), cui non eÌ? possibile iscriversi automaticamente. Queste liste ? per esempio, quella dei medici di base canadesi ? sono riservate a professionisti o studiosi di una certa disciplina. Si occupano di argomenti ben precisi e possono affrontare temi che richiedono riservatezza e non sono quindi aperte a un dibattito generalizzato.
+In futuro ci saraÌ? un uso sempre piuÌ? frequente di sistemi automatici di filtraggio delle informazioni o di ricerca attiva di queste. Tali sistemi ? attualmente impiegati a livello prototipale ? sono genericamente denominati "agenti intelligenti".
+I gruppi di discussione, o piuÌ? brevemente "newsgroup", hanno finalitaÌ? analoghe alle liste di discussione, ma una modalitaÌ? di interazione con l?utente completamente diversa. Anche qui si seleziona a priori un argomento (e quindi un gruppo) tra le migliaia di quelli esistenti, e anche qui si accede a una lista degli ultimi messaggi spediti al gruppo dalle varie parti del mondo.
+La differenza sostanziale con le liste di discussione peroÌ? eÌ? che si va a cercare l?informazione in questa sorta di bacheche elettroniche solo quando si vuole e si puoÌ? decidere quanto andare indietro nel tempo (gli ultimi dieci messaggi, gli ultimi cento, l?ultimo mese...).
+Si possono cosiÌ? seguire gli argomenti piuÌ? differenti, spaziando dalla filosofia allo sport, dalla religione alla chimica, senza intasare la propria cassetta delle lettere elettronica, senza ricevere automaticamente tutti i messaggi, ma trovandoli su una sorta di "bacheca virtuale" situata su un altro calcolatore.
+Molto spesso nelle liste di discussione o nei newsgroup vengono posti quesiti che sollecitano delle diagnosi. Di solito i responsabili di queste liste o gruppi scoraggiano esplicitamente tali richieste.
+Esistono, infatti, seri ostacoli a un corretto rapporto me dico-paziente che Internet non consente tuttora di superare. Intanto, il messaggio del paziente potrebbe essere troppo sintetico e omettere dettagli importanti ai fini della diagnosi; inoltre, non c?eÌ? nessuna certezza che dall?altra parte risponda un vero medico, visto che in Internet eÌ? facilissimo fingersi qualcun altro. Ma anche volendo prescindere da questo, il vero impedimento sta nel fatto che manca una vera interazione, un colloquio faccia a faccia, non eÌ? possibile fare un?anamnesi accurata, appurare i sintomi, rilevare i segni e cosiÌ? via.
+In ogni caso molti medici, spinti da altruismo, rispondono alle domande dei pazienti, pur premettendo che la risposta non costituisce diagnosi. Non eÌ? ancora chiaro dal puntodi vista legale quali responsabilitaÌ? abbia chi formula tali pareri.
+Il problema eÌ? generalizzabile ad altri professionisti del mondo sanitario ed eÌ? ancora irrisolto: aiutare on-line, ma con quale rischio? Per ora la soluzione migliore sembra essere quella di evitare risposte individuali, ma di rimandare a sorgenti informative come le societaÌ? professionali che diano informazioni generiche su determinate patologie, senza scendere nello specifico caso clinico.
+Fino ad ora si eÌ? visto come utilizzare la rete per scambiarsi messaggi, dialogare su un tema, dibattere.
+C?eÌ? peroÌ? un?altra modalitaÌ? di interazione con Internet, in cui l?utente esplora le risorse disponibili ? o, come si dice in gergo, "naviga" ? accedendo a documenti composti da testo, immagini, suoni. Si tratta del World Wide Web: la ragnatela mondiale ipermediale che ha rivoluzionato la rete e ha contribuito a renderla non solo piuÌ? versatile e interessante, ma anche piuÌ? semplice da utilizzare. Il Web eÌ? in buona sostanza l?artefice dell?estrema popolaritaÌ? di Internet, tanto che nel linguaggio comune capita di identificarlo con la stessa Internet.
+Con un?interfaccia semplicissima eÌ? possibile rinvenire risorse molto diverse: banche dati, pubblicazioni on-line, presentazioni di industrie. Le scienze biomediche sono ovviamente presenti in questa galleria di argomenti eterogenei che spazia dai musei virtuali all?astrofisica. PercioÌ?, come si vedraÌ? in questo libro, abbiamo centri di ricerca che presentano i propri risultati, ospedali virtuali per la didattica, gruppi di studio, associazioni professionali e anche cartelle cliniche in rete.
+Il World Wide Web eÌ? in effetti un enorme ipertesto multimediale in cui i possibili percorsi, quelli che collegano un file con un altro, sono realizzati riportando nel file di partenza l?indirizzo del file da raggiungere.
+Se nuova eÌ? la realizzazione tecnologica, il principio che eÌ? alla base di questa organizzazione della conoscenza era giaÌ? stato definito negli anni Quaranta da Vannevar Bush, consigliere scientifico del presidente degli Stati Uniti. " il principio che eÌ? alla base dell?ipertesto e che solo recentemente i progressi dell?informatica hanno reso possibile realizzare.
+Supponiamo di avere una guida ipertestuale e multimediale (e quindi ipermediale) dell?Austria. Chi consulta la guida si imbatte nella parola "Vienna", che eÌ? specialmente evidenziata percheÌ? puoÌ? portarci altrove, per esempio a una piantina della cittaÌ? che evidenzia alcuni monumenti. Selezioniamo una chiesa e ne appare una breve descrizione dalla quale apprendiamo che vi eÌ? sepolto Salieri. Suona vagamente familiare: chi era? Basta cliccare sul nome ed ecco una biografia: nato nel 1750 e morto nel 1825, musicista di corte... eÌ? citato anche Mozart in questa breve nota. Possiamo fare click su Mozart e trovare il catalogo delle sue opere e magari ascoltare una sua sinfonia.
+Un sistema ipermediale realizza queste funzionalitaÌ?, puoÌ? implementare su un calcolatore questa guida ideale. EÌ? un modo diverso e innovativo di leggere in maniera non sequenziale corpora di documenti progettati per essere esplorati liberamente. Da una parte, la possibilitaÌ? di integrare testi, immagini, suoni e anche video (multimedialitaÌ?) e dall?altra le potenzialitaÌ? della rete Internet che eÌ? in grado di offrire questa vastissima collezione multimediale di file collegati e collegabili l?uno con l?altro.
+Netscape, una volta avviato, va automaticamente a cercare su Internet un documento da cui iniziare la navigazione. Il documento che preferiamo: non c?eÌ? una gerarchia nella rete, non c?eÌ? un padre di tutti i file, non c?eÌ? un punto di partenza privilegiato. Il programma puoÌ?, ad esempio, essere configurato per partire dalla cosiddetta «home page» (In Italia eÌ? invalso l'uso del termine inglese, mentre i francesi preferiscono usare «page d'accueil». EÌ? sostanzialmente un ibrido tra la copertina e il sommario di un libro: titolo, grafica, informazioni fondamentali e l'accesso alle principali sezioni del sito) della sezione di informatica medica dell?universitaÌ? di Stanford (www.smi.stanford.edu). L?utente potrebbe facilmente cambiare questa configurazione e decidere di vedere per prima cosa il suo giornale preferito, il sito della CNN, JAMA, il BMJ o qualunque altra cosa.
+Si ha di fronte una sorta di menu in cui le opzioni possibili corrispondono normalmente ai gruppi di parole sottolineate. PercioÌ? si puoÌ? scegliere una di queste e con il mouse portare il cursore su "Research Projects" o su "Publications". Dopo aver fatto click liÌ? sopra, si vedraÌ? apparire sullo schermo quello che si eÌ? richiesto, e cosiÌ?, sempre puntando il mouse, si andraÌ? avanti nell?esplorazione delle risorse disponibili, sia al l?interno del sito selezionato (quello di Stanford), sia all?esterno (se questo sito, come eÌ? auspicabile e normalmente accade, consente di puntare ad altre risorse presenti in rete).
+CosiÌ? possiamo saltare da una parte all?altra della rete (e del mondo) percorrendo questa ragnatela.
+Non eÌ? una magia. Ogni file eÌ? identificato univocamente da un sistema di coordinate che comprende: ? l?indirizzo Internet del calcolatore su cui il file eÌ? fisicamente memorizzato; ? la directory in cui il file si trova, o il percorso che bisogna compiere per giungere a questo file.
+Questo indirizzo univoco eÌ? detto URL ("Universal Resource Locator"). Una URL eÌ?, per esempio:
+Nell?esempio proposto "www.univaq.it" eÌ? l?indirizzo in rete del calcolatore presso l?universitaÌ? dell?Aquila dove eÌ? ospitato il sito, "rein" indica al calcolatore dell?universitaÌ? in quale directory trovare il file "ects-aq.htm".
+Si noti che non sempre eÌ? necessario specificare tutte queste informazioni, spesso ci sono URL molto sintetiche, come www.apple.com. In questo caso la macchina contattata eÌ? predisposta per presentare all?utente la home page di quel sito.
+Nel seguito di questo volume verranno riportati alcuni esempi di "siti Web", ovvero di calcolatori che memorizzano documenti multimediali e li rendono accessibili via Internet. La URL fornisce le coordinate per orizzontarsi nella ragnatela mondiale e individuare questi siti. Qualsiasi software per navigare (browser) consente di introdurre una URL e collegarsi con il sito richiesto.
+Supponiamo di voler consultare il catalogo della Library of Congress e supponiamo anche di utilizzare Netscape come software per navigare su Internet (Netscape gira sia su Windows sia su Macintosh e si stima che circa il 50 per cento degli utenti lo utilizzino). Collegarsi con questa biblioteca eÌ? semplicissimo: basteraÌ? digitare www.loc.gov nella finestra "GoTo" di Netscape e il programma penseraÌ? a raggiungere il sito specificato. Attenzione: alcuni software per la navigazione richiedono che http:// preceda la URL, questo per specificare che si utilizza il protocollo di trasferimento degli ipertesti (HtTP eÌ?, infatti, l'acronimo di HyperText Transfer Protocol).
+In questo volume verranno passate in rassegna alcune realizzazioni significative, cercando di mettere in rilievo i benefici che i professionisti ne potranno trarre ed evidenziando l?aspetto innovativo della fruizione di informazione ? uso della multimedialitaÌ? e dell?interattivitaÌ? ? contrapposto alla staticitaÌ? dei metodi tradizionali.
+Un buon esempio per iniziare eÌ? il sito dedicato a una struttura di ricovero e cura: la Mayo Clinic, all?avanguardia nella ricerca e nell?assistenza, con sede principale in Minnesota e due cliniche affiliate in Florida e Arizona (www.mayo.edu).
+Il sito eÌ? ricchissimo di informazioni sulle prestazioni offerte dalle cliniche Mayo: non dimentichiamoci che negli Stati Uniti ? ma ormai anche in Europa ? i fornitori di cura competono tra loro, il paziente eÌ? visto come un "cliente" da catturare e l?autopromozione diventa essenziale.
+Internet gioca dunque un ruolo non secondario in questa strategia promozionale, ed ecco quindi il diffondersi sempre maggiore di risorse come quella della Mayo, che dedicano ampio spazio alle attivitaÌ? portate avanti nella struttura. In questo caso si potraÌ? navigare tra le varie divisioni della clinica, leggere per ognuna un breve profilo con le caratteristiche del servizio fornito (quante prestazioni erogate in un anno, quali apparecchiature, quanti medici) e avere accesso a sintetici curricula degli specialisti operanti. Molto pratiche sono, inoltre, le informazioni logistiche che vengono date ai futuri assistiti: informazioni sui voli, sugli alberghi, su come raggiungere Rochester e le altre localitaÌ? sedi di cliniche e ogni ulteriore dettaglio che possa facilitare la vita, compresa una checklist delle cose da non dimenticare (documenti assicurativi, lastre, risultati di esami...). Persino uno sciopero aereo era preavvisato in una certa data per invitare chi si fosse
messo in viaggio in quel giorno a contattare il proprio agente di viaggio.
+Dunque la filosofia eÌ? quella di venire incontro in tutti i modi al possibile cliente; eppure, in questo caso, le potenzialitaÌ? di Internet non vengono sfruttate fino in fondo e la prenotazione di prestazioni puoÌ? essere effettuata solo telefonicamente. Si teme evidentemente un possibile abuso della rete, si temono false prenotazioni, e allora ci si affida al tradizionale telefono, forse perchEÌ? richiamando una persona si puoÌ? essere sicuri della sua identitaÌ?. On-line si hanno comunque tutte le informazioni necessarie: i vari numeri cui telefonare per i vari servizi e gli orari dei centralini.
+Anche i medici possono rivolgersi alla Mayo Clinic nel caso abbiano bisogno di un consulto per un loro paziente. Nel sito troveranno una sezione con tutti i dettagli clinici necessari a orientarsi, senza contare che anche le attivitaÌ? di ricerca portate avanti e le opportunitaÌ? di carriera sono segnalate.
+Si eÌ? presentato il sito della Mayo come esempio tipico di risorsa che promuove un soggetto fornitore di cura. Va ribadito che non eÌ? certo un caso unico: molte centinaia di siti simili sono presenti in rete e un tentativo di indicizzarli eÌ? compiuto dalla Health On the Net Foundation (HON), con un motore di ricerca specializzato alla medicina (www.hon.ch) (cfr. § 4.1).
+In Italia si troveranno svariate risorse analoghe a quella della Mayo Clinic, forse meno ricche di informazioni ? soprattutto i curricula dei medici in rete non fanno parte della nostra cultura ? ma sostanzialmente in sintonia con l?idea di promuovere una struttura, piuÌ? che fornire servizi.
+Un buon esempio eÌ? offerto dall?ospedale Galliera di Genova che elenca le prestazioni erogate, tra cui il day hospital e l?ospedalizzazione domiciliare (www.galliera.it). Interessante la rubrica telefonica con i nomi degli specialisti che effettuano visite intra-moenia a pagamento. Anche in questo caso non eÌ? possibile fissare appuntamenti per e-mail, ma eÌ? necessario telefonare: una prassi che abbiamo visto seguire anche negli Stati Uniti.
+Nessun servizio prettamente telematico eÌ? offerto dunque da questo sito. Per trovare qualcosa di piuÌ? interattivo dobbiamo trasferirci all?istituto scientifico ospedale San Raffaele di Milano che presenta con dovizia di particolari le sue quattro aree: scientifica, sanitaria, didattica e amministrativa e anche, e qui c?eÌ? qualcosa di piuÌ? pratico per il navigatore, il catalogo della sua biblioteca (www.hsr.it). C?eÌ? anche un collegamento alle riviste curate dal centro, che forse poteva essere meno avaro, dato che indica solamente i titoli degli articoli pubblicati senza nemmeno riportarne gli abstract. In compenso, il lettore potraÌ? trovare estremamente utile che siano segnalate le norme per la pubblicazione dei lavori scientifici e per le corrette citazioni bibliografiche adottate dalla maggior parte delle riviste internazionali (la cosiddetta "Convenzione di Vancouver").
+Un?altra utile informazione che il San Raffaele propone eÌ? un mini-tutorial sulla donazione del sangue: come si dona, il check-up del donatore, le controindicazioni e cosiÌ? via, comprese le notizie pratiche come l?indirizzo e l?orario del centro donatori (www.hsr.it/donoret/donoret.html).
+Questo approccio divulgativo e propagandistico eÌ? seguito anche dal giaÌ? citato ospedale Galliera, a proposito del registro italiano dei donatori di midollo osseo, mentre l?istituto ortopedico Gaetano Pini di Milano ospita nelle sue pagine appelli medici urgenti (www.g-pini.unimi.it).
+Unico forse in Italia, il Gaetano Pini ? uno dei primi siti Web ospedalieri nella nostra nazione ? consente di prenotare prestazioni via Internet, anche se la conferma eÌ? subordinata a una telefonata.
+Quale futuro per questi siti ospedalieri in Italia? Difficile prevederlo, la risposta dipende dall?evoluzione di Internet nel nostro paese. I dati sembrano incoraggianti: il numero di abbonati cresce molto rapidamente anche da noi, ma la rete si utilizza soprattutto per svago. Sono ancora pochi i ricercatori e i professionisti del mondo sanitario che si interessano alle risorse mediche. Il sito del San Raffaele, uno dei piuÌ? completi tra quelli degli istituti scientifici, eÌ? stato visitato poco piuÌ? di 1000 volte nel corso del 1998, a fronte delle centinaia di migliaia, se non milioni di contatti mensili di alcuni siti negli Stati Uniti.
+In queste condizioni un confronto eÌ? ancora improponibile e si comprendono meglio i motivi della maggiore "ricchezza" e abbondanza di informazione delle pagine Web americane.
+Ma per fortuna gli investimenti da fare per aprire e mantenere un sito non sono proibitivi e continueremo a trovare risorse interessanti anche da noi, scongiurando il pericolo di un?omogeneizzazione culturale della rete
+Io sono il dottore di cui in questa novella si parla talvolta con parole poco lusinghiere. Chi di psico-analisi s'intende, sa dove piazzare l'antipatia che il paziente mi dedica.
+Di psico-analisi non parleroÌ? percheÌ? qui entro se ne parla giaÌ? a sufficienza. Debbo scusarmi di aver indotto il mio paziente a scrivere la sua autobiografia; gli studiosi di psico-analisi arriccerranno il naso a tanta novitaÌ?. Ma egli era vecchio ed io sperai che in tale rievocazione il suo passato si rinverdisse, che l'autobiografia fosse un buon preludio alla psico-analisi. Oggi ancora la mia idea mi pare buona percheÌ? mi ha dato dei risultati insperati, che sarebbero stati maggiori se il malato sul piuÌ? bello non si fosse sottratto alla cura truffandomi del frutto della mia lunga paziente analisi di queste memorie.
+Le pubblico per vendetta e spero gli dispiaccia. Sappia peroÌ? ch'io sono pronto di dividere con lui i lauti onorarii che ricaveroÌ? da questa pubblicazione a patto egli riprenda la cura. Sembrava tanto curioso di se stesso! Se sapesse quante sorprese potrebbero risultargli dal commento delle tante veritaÌ? e bugie ch'egli ha qui accumulate!... DOTTOR S.
+Vedere la mia infanzia? PiuÌ? di dieci lustri me ne separano e i miei occhi presbiti forse potrebbero arrivarci se la luce che ancora ne riverbera non fosse tagliata da ostacoli d'ogni genere, vere alte montagne: i miei anni e qualche mia ora.
+Il dottore mi raccomandoÌ? di non ostinarmi a guardare tanto lontano. Anche le cose recenti sono preziose per essi e sopra tutto le immaginazioni e i sogni della notte prima. Ma un po' d'ordine pur dovrebb'esserci e per poter cominciare <I>ab ovo</I>, appena abbandonato il dottore che di questi giorni e per lungo tempo lascia Trieste, solo per facilitargli il compito, comperai e lessi un trattato di psico-analisi. Non eÌ? difficile d'intenderlo, ma molto noioso.
+Dopo pranzato, sdraiato comodamente su una poltrona Club, ho la matita e un pezzo di carta in mano. La mia fronte eÌ? spianata percheÌ? dalla mia mente eliminai ogni sforzo. Il mio pensiero mi appare isolato da me. Io lo vedo. S'alza, s'abbassa... ma eÌ? la sua sola attivitaÌ?. Per ricordargli ch'esso eÌ? il pensiero e che sarebbe suo compito di manifestarsi, afferro la matita. Ecco che la mia fronte si corruga percheÌ? ogni parola eÌ? composta di tante lettere e il presente imperioso risorge ed offusca il passato.
+Ieri avevo tentato il massimo abbandono. L'esperimento finiÌ? nel sonno piuÌ? profondo e non ne ebbi altro risultato che un grande ristoro e la curiosa sensazione di aver visto durante quel sonno qualche cosa d'importante. Ma era dimenticata, perduta per sempre.
+MerceÌ? la matita che ho in mano, resto desto, oggi. Vedo, intravvedo delle immagini bizzarre che non possono avere nessuna relazione col mio passato: una locomotiva che sbuffa su una salita trascinando delle innumerevoli vetture; chissaÌ? donde venga e dove vada e percheÌ? sia ora capitata qui!
+Nel dormiveglia ricordo che il mio testo asserisce che con questo sistema si puoÌ? arrivar a ricordare la prima infanzia, quella in fasce. Subito vedo un bambino in fasce, ma percheÌ? dovrei essere io quello? Non mi somiglia affatto e credo sia invece quello nato poche settimane or sono a mia cognata e che ci fu fatto vedere quale un miracolo percheÌ? ha le mani tanto piccole e gli occhi tanto grandi. Povero bambino! Altro che ricordare la mia infanzia! Io non trovo neppure la via di avvisare te, che vivi ora la tua, dell'importanza di ricordarla a vantaggio della tua intelligenza e della tua salute. Quando arriverai a sapere che sarebbe bene tu sapessi mandare a mente la tua vita, anche quella tanta parte di essa che ti ripugneraÌ?? E intanto, inconscio, vai investigando il tuo piccolo organismo alla ricerca del piacere e le tue scoperte deliziose ti avvieranno al dolore e alla malattia cui sarai spinto anche da coloro che non lo vorrebbero. Come fare? EÌ? impossibile tutel
are la tua culla. Nel tuo seno - fantolino! - si va facendo una combinazione misteriosa. Ogni minuto che passa vi getta un reagente. Troppe probabilitaÌ? di malattia vi sono per te, percheÌ? non tutti i tuoi minuti possono essere puri. Eppoi - fantolino! - sei consanguineo di persone ch'io conosco. I minuti che passano ora possono anche essere puri, ma, certo, tali non furono tutti i secoli che ti prepararono.
+Il dottore al quale ne parlai mi disse d'iniziare il mio lavoro con un'analisi storica della mia propensione al fumo:
+- Scriva! Scriva! VedraÌ? come arriveraÌ? a vedersi intero.
+Credo che del fumo posso scrivere qui al mio tavolo senz'andar a sognare su quella poltrona. Non so come cominciare e invoco l'assistenza delle sigarette tutte tanto somiglianti a quella che ho in mano.
+Oggi scopro subito qualche cosa che piuÌ? non ricordavo. Le prime sigarette ch'io fumai non esistono piuÌ? in commercio. Intorno al '70 se ne avevano in Austria di quelle che venivano vendute in scatoline di cartone munite del marchio dell'aquila bicipite. Ecco: attorno a una di quelle scatole s'aggruppano subito varie persone con qualche loro tratto, sufficiente per suggerirmene il nome, non bastevole peroÌ? a commovermi per l'impensato incontro. Tento di ottenere di piuÌ? e vado alla poltrona: le persone sbiadiscono e al loro posto si mettono dei buffoni che mi deridono. Ritorno sconfortato al tavolo.
+Una delle figure, dalla voce un po' roca, era Giuseppe, un giovinetto della stessa mia etaÌ?, e l'altra, mio fratello, di un anno di me piuÌ? giovine e morto tanti anni or sono. Pare che Giuseppe ricevesse molto denaro dal padre suo e ci regalasse di quelle sigarette. Ma sono certo che ne offriva di piuÌ? a mio fratello che a me. Donde la necessitaÌ? in cui mi trovai di procurarmene da me delle altre. CosiÌ? avvenne che rubai. D'estate mio padre abbandonava su una sedia nel tinello il suo panciotto nel cui taschino si trovavano sempre degli spiccioli: mi procuravo i dieci soldi occorrenti per acquistare la preziosa scatoletta e fumavo una dopo l'altra le dieci sigarette che conteneva, per non conservare a lungo il compromettente frutto del furto.
+Tutto cioÌ? giaceva nella mia coscienza a portata di mano. Risorge solo ora percheÌ? non sapevo prima che potesse avere importanza. Ecco che ho registrata l'origine della sozza abitudine e (chissaÌ??) forse ne sono giaÌ? guarito. PercioÌ?, per provare, accendo un'ultima sigaretta e forse la getteroÌ? via subito, disgustato.
+Poi ricordo che un giorno mio padre mi sorprese col suo panciotto in mano. Io, con una sfacciataggine che ora non avrei e che ancora adesso mi disgusta (chissaÌ? che tale disgusto non abbia una grande importanza nella mia cura) gli dissi che m'era venuta la curiositaÌ? di contarne i bottoni. Mio padre rise delle mie disposizioni alla matematica o alla sartoria e non s'avvide che avevo le dita nel taschino del suo panciotto. A mio onore posso dire che bastoÌ? quel riso rivolto alla mia innocenza quand'essa non esisteva piuÌ?, per impedirmi per sempre di rubare. CioeÌ?... rubai ancora, ma senza saperlo. Mio padre lasciava per la casa dei sigari virginia fumati a mezzo, in bilico su tavoli e armadi. Io credevo fosse il suo modo di gettarli via e credevo anche di sapere che la nostra vecchia fantesca, Catina, li buttasse via. Andavo a fumarli di nascosto. GiaÌ? all'atto d'impadronirmene venivo pervaso da un brivido di ribrezzo sapendo quale malessere m'avrebbero procurato. Poi l
i fumavo fincheÌ? la mia fronte non si fosse coperta di sudori freddi e il mio stomaco si contorcesse.
+Non si diraÌ? che nella mia infanzia io mancassi di energia.
+So perfettamente come mio padre mi guariÌ? anche di quest'abitudine. Un giorno d'estate ero ritornato a casa da un'escursione scolastica, stanco e bagnato di sudore. Mia madre m'aveva aiutato a spogliarmi e, avvoltomi in un accappatoio, m'aveva messo a dormire su un sofaÌ? sul quale essa stessa sedette occupata a certo lavoro di cucito. Ero prossimo al sonno, ma avevo gli occhi tuttavia pieni di sole e tardavo a perdere i sensi. La dolcezza che in quell'etaÌ? s'accompagna al riposo dopo una grande stanchezza, m'eÌ? evidente come un'immagine a seÌ?, tanto evidente come se fossi adesso laÌ? accanto a quel caro corpo che piuÌ? non esiste.
+Ricordo la stanza fresca e grande ove noi bambini si giuocava e che ora, in questi tempi avari di spazio, eÌ? divisa in due parti. In quella scena mio fratello non appare, cioÌ? che mi sorprende percheÌ? penso ch'egli pur deve aver preso parte a quell'escursione e avrebbe dovuto poi partecipare al riposo. Che abbia dormito anche lui all'altro capo del grande sofaÌ?? Io guardo quel posto, ma mi sembra vuoto. Non vedo che me, la dolcezza del riposo, mia madre, eppoi mio padre di cui sento echeggiare le parole. Egli era entrato e non m'aveva subito visto percheÌ? ad alta voce chiamoÌ?:
+La mamma con un gesto accompagnato da un lieve suono labbiale accennoÌ? a me, ch'essa credeva immerso nel sonno su cui invece nuotavo in piena coscienza. Mi piaceva tanto che il babbo dovesse imporsi un riguardo per me, che non mi mossi.
+Mio padre con voce bassa si lamentoÌ?:
+- Io credo di diventar matto. Sono quasi sicuro di aver lasciato mezz'ora fa su quell'armadio un mezzo sigaro ed ora non lo trovo piuÌ?. Sto peggio del solito. Le cose mi sfuggono.
+Pure a voce bassa, ma che tradiva un'ilaritaÌ? trattenuta solo dalla paura di destarmi, mia madre rispose:
+- Eppure nessuno dopo il pranzo eÌ? stato in quella stanza.
+Mio padre mormoroÌ?:
+- EÌ? percheÌ? lo so anch'io, che mi pare di diventar matto!
+Si volse ed usciÌ?.
+Io apersi a mezzo gli occhi e guardai mia madre. Essa s'era rimessa al suo lavoro, ma continuava a sorridere. Certo non pensava che mio padre stesse per ammattire per sorridere cosiÌ? delle sue paure. Quel sorriso mi rimase tanto impresso che lo ricordai subito ritrovandolo un giorno sulle labbra di mia moglie.
+Non fu poi la mancanza di denaro che mi rendesse difficile di soddisfare il mio vizio, ma le proibizioni valsero ad eccitarlo.
+Ricordo di aver fumato molto, celato in tutti i luoghi possibili. PercheÌ? seguito da un forte disgusto fisico, ricordo un soggiorno prolungato per una mezz'ora in una cantina oscura insieme a due altri fanciulli di cui non ritrovo nella memoria altro che la puerilitaÌ? del vestito: Due paia di calzoncini che stanno in piedi percheÌ? dentro c'eÌ? stato un corpo che il tempo eliminoÌ?. Avevamo molte sigarette e volevamo vedere chi ne sapesse bruciare di piuÌ? nel breve tempo. Io vinsi, ed eroicamente celai il malessere che mi derivoÌ? dallo strano esercizio. Poi uscimmo al sole e all'aria. Dovetti chiudere gli occhi per non cadere stordito.
+Mi rimisi e mi vantai della vittoria. Uno dei due piccoli omini mi disse allora:
+- A me non importa di aver perduto percheÌ? io non fumo che quanto m'occorre.
+Ricordo la parola sana e non la faccina certamente sana anch'essa che a me doveva essere rivolta in quel momento.
+Ma allora io non sapevo se amavo o odiavo la sigaretta e il suo sapore e lo stato in cui la nicotina mi metteva. Quando seppi di odiare tutto cioÌ? fu peggio. E lo seppi a vent'anni circa. Allora soffersi per qualche settimana di un violento male di gola accompagnato da febbre. Il dottore prescrisse il letto e l'assoluta astensione dal fumo. Ricordo questa parola <I>assoluta</I>! Mi feriÌ? e la febbre la coloriÌ?: Un vuoto grande e niente per resistere all'enorme pressione che subito si produce attorno ad un vuoto.
+Quando il dottore mi lascioÌ?, mio padre (mia madre era morta da molti anni) con tanto di sigaro in bocca restoÌ? ancora per qualche tempo a farmi compagnia. Andandosene, dopo di aver passata dolcemente la sua mano sulla mia fronte scottante, mi disse:
+Mi colse un'inquietudine enorme. Pensai: «GiaccheÌ? mi fa male non fumeroÌ? mai piuÌ?, ma prima voglio farlo per l'ultima volta». Accesi una sigaretta e mi sentii subito liberato dall'inquietudine ad onta che la febbre forse aumentasse e che ad ogni tirata sentissi alle tonsille un bruciore come se fossero state toccate da un tizzone ardente. Finii tutta la sigaretta con l'accuratezza con cui si compie un voto. E, sempre soffrendo orribilmente, ne fumai molte altre durante la malattia. Mio padre andava e veniva col suo sigaro in bocca dicendomi:
+- Bravo! Ancora qualche giorno di astensione dal fumo e sei guarito!
+Bastava questa frase per farmi desiderare ch'egli se ne andasse presto, presto, per permettermi di correre alla mia sigaretta. Fingevo anche di dormire per indurlo ad allontanarsi prima.
+Quella malattia mi procuroÌ? il secondo dei miei disturbi: lo sforzo di liberarmi dal primo. Le mie giornate finirono coll'essere piene di sigarette e di propositi di non fumare piuÌ? e, per dire subito tutto, di tempo in tempo sono ancora tali. La ridda delle ultime sigarette, formatasi a vent'anni, si muove tuttavia. Meno violento eÌ? il proposito e la mia debolezza trova nel mio vecchio animo maggior indulgenza. Da vecchi si sorride della vita e di ogni suo contenuto. Posso anzi dire, che da qualche tempo io fumo molte sigarette... che non sono le ultime.
+Sul frontispizio di un vocabolario trovo questa mia registrazione fatta con bella scrittura e qualche ornato:
+«Oggi, 2 Febbraio 1886, passo dagli studii di legge a quelli di chimica. Ultima sigaretta!!».
+Era un'ultima sigaretta molto importante. Ricordo tutte le speranze che l'accompagnarono. M'ero arrabbiato col diritto canonico che mi pareva tanto lontano dalla vita e correvo alla scienza ch'eÌ? la vita stessa bencheÌ? ridotta in un matraccio. Quell'ultima sigaretta significava proprio il desiderio di attivitaÌ? (anche manuale) e di sereno pensiero sobrio e sodo.
+Per sfuggire alla catena delle combinazioni del carbonio cui non credevo ritornai alla legge.
+Pur troppo! Fu un errore e fu anch'esso registrato da un'ultima sigaretta di cui trovo la data registrata su di un libro. Fu importante anche questa e mi rassegnavo di ritornare a quelle complicazioni del mio, del tuo e del suo coi migliori propositi, sciogliendo finalmente le catene del carbonio. M'ero dimostrato poco idoneo alla chimica anche per la mia deficienza di abilitaÌ? manuale. Come avrei potuto averla quando continuavo a fumare come un turco?
+Adesso che son qui, ad analizzarmi, sono colto da un dubbio: che io forse abbia amato tanto la sigaretta per poter riversare su di essa la colpa della mia incapacitaÌ?? ChissaÌ? se cessando di fumare io sarei divenuto l'uomo ideale e forte che m'aspettavo? Forse fu tale dubbio che mi legoÌ? al mio vizio percheÌ? eÌ? un modo comodo di vivere quello di credersi grande di una grandezza latente. Io avanzo tale ipotesi per spiegare la mia debolezza giovanile, ma senza una decisa convinzione. Adesso che sono vecchio e che nessuno esige qualche cosa da me, passo tuttavia da sigaretta a proposito, e da proposito a sigaretta. Che cosa significano oggi quei propositi? Come quell'igienista vecchio, descritto dal Goldoni, vorrei morire sano dopo di esser vissuto malato tutta la vita?
+Una volta, allorcheÌ? da studente cambiai di alloggio, dovetti far tappezzare a mie spese le pareti della stanza percheÌ? le avevo coperte di date. Probabilmente lasciai quella stanza proprio percheÌ? essa era divenuta il cimitero dei miei buoni propositi e non credevo piuÌ? possibile di formarne in quel luogo degli altri.
+Penso che la sigaretta abbia un gusto piuÌ? intenso quand'eÌ? l'ultima. Anche le altre hanno un loro gusto speciale, ma meno intenso. L'ultima acquista il suo sapore dal sentimento della vittoria su seÌ? stesso e la speranza di un prossimo futuro di forza e di salute. Le altre hanno la loro importanza percheÌ? accendendole si protesta la propria libertaÌ? e il futuro di forza e di salute permane, ma va un po' piuÌ? lontano.
+Le date sulle pareti della mia stanza erano impresse coi colori piuÌ? varii ed anche ad olio. Il proponimento, rifatto con la fede piuÌ? ingenua, trovava adeguata espressione nella forza del colore che doveva far impallidire quello dedicato al proponimento anteriore. Certe date erano da me preferite per la concordanza delle cifre. Del secolo passato ricordo una data che mi parve dovesse sigillare per sempre la bara in cui volevo mettere il mio vizio: «Nono giorno del nono mese del 1899». Significativa nevvero? Il secolo nuovo m'apportoÌ? delle date ben altrimenti musicali: «Primo giorno del primo mese del 1901». Ancor oggi mi pare che se quella data potesse ripetersi, io saprei iniziare una nuova vita.
+Ma nel calendario non mancano le date e con un po' d'immaginazione ognuna di esse potrebbe adattarsi ad un buon proponimento. Ricordo, percheÌ? mi parve contenesse un imperativo supremamente categorico, la seguente: «Terzo giorno del sesto mese del 1912 ore 24». Suona come se ogni cifra raddoppiasse la posta.
+L'anno 1913 mi diede un momento d'esitazione. Mancava il tredicesimo mese per accordarlo con l'anno. Ma non si creda che occorrano tanti accordi in una data per dare rilievo ad un'ultima sigaretta.
+Molte date che trovo notate su libri o quadri preferiti, spiccano per la loro deformitaÌ?. Per esempio il terzo giorno del secondo mese del 1905 ore sei! Ha un suo ritmo quando ci si pensa, percheÌ? ogni singola cifra nega la precedente. Molti avvenimenti, anzi tutti, dalla morte di Pio IX alla nascita di mio figlio, mi parvero degni di essere festeggiati dal solito ferreo proposito. Tutti in famiglia si stupiscono della mia memoria per gli anniversarii lieti e tristi nostri e mi credono tanto buono!
+Per diminuirne l'apparenza balorda tentai di dare un contenuto filosofico alla malattia dell'ultima sigaretta. Si dice con un bellissimo atteggiamento: «mai piuÌ?!». Ma dove va l'atteggiamento se si tiene la promessa? L'atteggiamento non eÌ? possibile di averlo che quando si deve rinnovare il proposito. Eppoi il tempo, per me, non eÌ? quella cosa impensabile che non s'arresta mai. Da me, solo da me, ritorna.
+La malattia, eÌ? una convinzione ed io nacqui con quella convinzione. Di quella dei miei vent'anni non ricorderei gran cosa se non l'avessi allora descritta ad un medico. Curioso come si ricordino meglio le parole dette che i sentimenti che non arrivarono a scotere l'aria.
+Ero andato da quel medico percheÌ? m'era stato detto che guariva le malattie nervose con l'elettricitaÌ?. Io pensai di poter ricavare dall'elettricitaÌ? la forza che occorreva per lasciare il fumo.
+Il dottore aveva una grande pancia e la sua respirazione asmatica accompagnava il picchio della macchina elettrica messa in opera subito alla prima seduta, che mi disilluse, percheÌ? m'ero aspettato che il dottore studiandomi scoprisse il veleno che inquinava il mio sangue. Invece egli dichiaroÌ? di trovarmi sanamente costituito e poicheÌ? m'ero lagnato di digerire e dormire male, egli suppose che il mio stomaco mancasse di acidi e che da me il movimento peristaltico (disse tale parola tante volte che non la dimenticai piuÌ?) fosse poco vivo. Mi propinoÌ? anche un certo acido che mi ha rovinato percheÌ? da allora soffro di un eccesso di aciditaÌ?.
+Quando compresi che da seÌ? egli non sarebbe mai piuÌ? arrivato a scoprire la nicotina nel mio sangue, volli aiutarlo ed espressi il dubbio che la mia indisposizione fosse da attribuirsi a quella. Con fatica egli si strinse nelle grosse spalle:
+- Movimento peristaltico... acido... la nicotina non c'entra!
+Furono settanta le applicazioni elettriche e avrebbero continuato tuttora se io non avessi giudicato di averne avute abbastanza. PiuÌ? che attendermi dei miracoli, correvo a quelle sedute nella speranza di convincere il dottore a proibirmi il fumo. ChissaÌ? come sarebbero andate le cose se allora fossi stato fortificato nei miei propositi da una proibizione simile.
+Ed ecco la descrizione della mia malattia quale io la feci al medico: «Non posso studiare e anche le rare volte in cui vado a letto per tempo, resto insonne fino ai primi rintocchi delle campane. EÌ? percioÌ? che tentenno fra la legge e la chimica percheÌ? ambedue queste scienze hanno l'esigenza di un lavoro che comincia ad un'ora fissa mentre io non so mai a che ora potroÌ? essere alzato».
+- L'elettricitaÌ? guarisce qualsiasi insonnia, - sentenzioÌ? l'Esculapio, gli occhi sempre rivolti al quadrante anzicheÌ? al paziente.
+SinceritaÌ? e fiato sprecati! Il dottore ansava:
+- Spero bene che le applicazioni elettriche non vi guariranno di tale malattia. Non ci mancherebbe altro! Io non toccherei piuÌ? un Rumkorff se avessi da temerne un effetto simile.
+Mi raccontoÌ? un aneddoto ch'egli trovava gustosissimo. Un malato della stessa mia malattia era andato da un medico celebre pregandolo di guarirlo e il medico, essendovi riuscito perfettamente, dovette emigrare percheÌ? in caso diverso l'altro gli avrebbe fatta la pelle.
+- La mia eccitazione non eÌ? la buona, - urlavo io. - Proviene dal veleno che accende le mie vene!
+Il dottore mormorava con aspetto accorato:
+- Nessuno eÌ? mai contento della sua sorte.
+E fu per convincerlo ch'io feci quello ch'egli non volle fare e studiai la mia malattia raccogliendone tutti i sintomi: - La mia distrazione! Anche quella m'impedisce lo studio. Stavo preparandomi a Graz per il primo esame di stato e accuratamente avevo notati tutti i testi di cui abbisognavo fino all'ultimo esame. FiniÌ? che pochi giorni prima dell'esame m'accorsi di aver studiato delle cose di cui avrei avuto bisogno solo alcuni anni dopo. PercioÌ? dovetti rimandare l'esame. EÌ? vero che avevo studiato poco anche quelle altre cose causa una giovinetta delle vicinanze che, del resto, non mi concedeva altro che una civetteria alquanto sfacciata. Quand'essa era alla finestra io non vedevo piuÌ? il mio testo. Non eÌ? un imbecille colui che si dedica ad un'attivitaÌ? simile? - Ricordo la faccia piccola e bianca della fanciulla alla finestra: ovale, circondata da ricci ariosi, fulvi. La guardai sognando di premere quel biancore e quel giallo rosseggiante sul mio guanciale.
+Esculapio mormoroÌ?:
+- Dietro al civettare c'eÌ? sempre qualche cosa di buono. Alla mia etaÌ? voi non civetterete piuÌ?.
+Oggi so con certezza ch'egli non sapeva proprio niente del civettare. Ne ho cinquantasette degli anni e sono sicuro che se non cesso di fumare o che la psico-analisi non mi guarisca, la mia ultima occhiata dal mio letto di morte saraÌ? l'espressione del mio desiderio per la mia infermiera, se questa non saraÌ? mia moglie e se mia moglie avraÌ? permesso che sia bella!
+Fui sincero come in confessione: La donna a me non piaceva intera, ma... a pezzi! Di tutte amavo i piedini se ben calzati, di molte il collo esile oppure anche poderoso e il seno se lieve, lieve. E continuavo nell'enumerazione di parti anatomiche femminili, ma il dottore m'interruppe:
+- Queste parti fanno la donna intera.
+Dissi allora una parola importante:
+- L'amore sano eÌ? quello che abbraccia una donna sola e intera, compreso il suo carattere e la sua intelligenza.
+Fino ad allora non avevo certo conosciuto un tale amore e quando mi capitoÌ? non mi diede neppur esso la salute, ma eÌ? importante per me ricordare di aver rintracciata la malattia dove un dotto vedeva la salute e che la mia diagnosi si sia poi avverata.
+Nella persona di un amico non medico trovai chi meglio intese me e la mia malattia. Non ne ebbi grande vantaggio, ma nella vita una nota nuova ch'echeggia tuttora.
+L'amico mio era un ricco signore che abbelliva i suoi ozii con studii e lavori letterari. Parlava molto meglio di quanto scrivesse e percioÌ? il mondo non poteÌ? sapere quale buon letterato egli fosse. Era grasso e grosso e quando lo conobbi stava facendo con grande energia una cura per dimagrare. In pochi giorni era arrivato ad un grande risultato, tale che tutti per via lo accostavano nella speranza di poter sentire meglio la propria salute accanto a lui malato. Lo invidiai percheÌ? sapeva fare quello che voleva e m'attaccai a lui fincheÌ? duroÌ? la sua cura. Mi permetteva di toccargli la pancia che ogni giorno diminuiva, ed io, malevolo per invidia, volendo indebolire il suo proposito gli dicevo:
+- Ma, a cura finita, che cosa ne faraÌ? Lei di tutta questa pelle?
+Con una grande calma, che rendeva comico il suo viso emaciato egli rispose:
+- Di qui a due giorni cominceraÌ? la cura del massaggio.
+La sua cura era stata predisposta in tutti i particolari ed era certo ch'egli sarebbe stato puntuale ad ogni data.
+Me ne risultoÌ? una grande fiducia per lui e gli descrissi la mia malattia. Anche questa descrizione ricordo. Gli spiegai che a me pareva piuÌ? facile di non mangiare per tre volte al giorno che di non fumare le innumerevoli sigarette per cui sarebbe stato necessario di prendere la stessa affaticante risoluzione ad ogni istante. Avendo una simile risoluzione nella mente non c'eÌ? tempo per fare altro percheÌ? il solo Giulio Cesare sapeva fare piuÌ? cose nel medesimo istante. Sta bene che nessuno domanda ch'io lavori fincheÌ? eÌ? vivo il mio amministratore Olivi, ma come va che una persona come me non sappia far altro a questo mondo che sognare o strimpellare il violino per cui non ho alcuna attitudine?
+Il grosso uomo dimagrato non diede subito la sua risposta. Era un uomo di metodo e prima ci pensoÌ? lungamente. Poi con aria dottorale che gli competeva data la sua grande superioritaÌ? in argomento, mi spiegoÌ? che la mia vera malattia era il proposito e non la sigaretta. Dovevo tentar di lasciare quel vizio senza farne il proposito. In me - secondo lui - nel corso degli anni erano andate a formarsi due persone di cui una comandava e l'altra non era altro che uno schiavo il quale, non appena la sorveglianza diminuiva, contravveniva alla volontaÌ? del padrone per amore alla libertaÌ?. Bisognava percioÌ? dargli la libertaÌ? assoluta e nello stesso tempo dovevo guardare il mio vizio in faccia come se fosse nuovo e non l'avessi mai visto. Bisognava non combatterlo, ma trascurarlo e dimenticare in certo modo di abbandonarvisi volgendogli le spalle con noncuranza come a compagnia che si riconosce indegna di seÌ?. Semplice, nevvero?
+Sinistra e destra, due nature morte separate dalla loro pianta d'origine. I bipolarismi in campo sono logorati sul piano teorico e pratico: anche quelli tra laburisti e conservatori, tra progressisti e moderati, tra liberaldemocratici e socialdemocratici. Si eÌ? assottigliato il terreno su cui esprimere ed esercitare le differenze, con la tendenza a ridurre la banda di oscillazione delle opzioni in un ambito sempre piuÌ? ristretto e sempre piuÌ? pragmatico e occasionale. L'identitaÌ? eÌ? decisa dalla collocazione e non piuÌ? viceversa. Trovarsi al governo o all'opposizione decide molto piuÌ? che definirsi conservatori o progressisti.
+La conseguenza eÌ? una tendenza generale verso il centro attraverso l'assunzione di un residuo ideologico progressista sul piano etico-culturale e di un crescente pragmatismo liberista sul piano economico-sociale. Questa osmosi avviene nel quadro di un indebolimento strutturale della sovranitaÌ? politica in funzione di un rafforzamento dei poteri tecnocratici ed economici. Punto di incontro fra progressismo culturale e liberismo economico, fra ideologia e tecnocrazia, eÌ? il processo di globalizzazione che riassume in un significato freddo ed empirico sia l'internazionalismo «caldo» della tradizione di sinistra che l'espansione planetaria del mercato e della tecnica nel segno del capitalismo. Nelle democrazie occidentali sta affermandosi un nuovo centrismo a trazione tecnocratica che fonde sinistra culturale e destra economica; e in politica estera fonde pacifismo morale e interventismo militare attraverso il principio d'ingerenza umanitaria. Si configura il disegno di uno
Stato etico mondiale, assistente morale e militare della globalizzazione.
+Ora, questo processo indebolisce gli spazi della democrazia e della libertaÌ?, percheÌ? riduce di fatto la possibilitaÌ? di scegliere tra opzioni politiche differenti. E tende a escludere o emarginare troppe realtaÌ?, convinzioni, culture, idee e diversitaÌ? che non si riconoscono all'interno di una cosiÌ? ristretta forbice.
+Dall'altra parte, insorge la realtaÌ? con le sue crisi di rigetto: che in Occidente si esprime scalando i gradini della disaffezione politica, dell'astensionismo elettorale, dell'abdicazione della sovranitaÌ? popolare, del rifugio nei localismi o nelle tribuÌ?, della depressione di massa, dell'anomia diffusa. E nel resto del mondo si esprime nei forti conati di identitaÌ?, rivendicazioni di autodeterminazione, guerre civili ed etniche, integralismi e nazionalismi.
+Questo paesaggio induce molti teorici a ridisegnare il bipolarismo fuori dagli ambiti politici e dai sistemi elet-torali in una chiave fortemente valutativa: l'alternativa prossima ventura, viene ripetuto da piuÌ? parti, saraÌ? tra universalismo o tribalismo, come scrive ad esempio Salvatore Veca. EÌ? evidente che ponendo in questi termini l'alternativa, si attribuisce al primo valore positivo e al secondo valore negativo a priori. In subordine, si attribuisce al primo la vocazione e il destino dell'Occidente, prefigurando uno scenario unidirezionale; e al secondo la minaccia che riguarda il resto del mondo e le periferie occidentali, se non saranno convertiti con le idee, con le merci o con le armi, all'Occidente e al suo modello. All'universalismo, naturalmente, si attribuisce la democrazia, il rispetto dei diritti umani, la libertaÌ? e al tribalismo la loro negazione. Ma oltre a usare una comparazione impropria tra un «bene» e un «male», l'alternativa tra universalism
o e tribalismo soffre di altre due debolezze: da un verso destina, per disparitaÌ? di forze in campo, il secondo a essere soccombente rispetto al primo, capace di mobilitare la tecnica e l'economia, i mezzi di comunicazione e tutte le risorse di una potenza planetaria. E dall'altro non considera che come il localismo appare oggi una variabile dipendente e subordinata al globalismo, cosiÌ? il tribalismo appare oggi una specie di sottoprodotto dell'universalismo, un suo figlio deviato, quasi un suo effetto collaterale. A volte il tribalismo eÌ? usato dalla globalizzazione per scardinare le sovranitaÌ? nazionali. Si tratta dunque di un'alternativa squilibrata,in cui un polo eÌ? soccombente sul piano dei valori, della forza e dell'autonomia culturale rispetto all'altro, fino a essere una sua fastidiosa escrescenza e deviazione. Insomma, un bipolarismo finto o provvisorio, che non suggeriscel'idea di una reciproca legittimazione quanto piuttosto il proposito dell'eliminazione pro
gressiva del secondo polo, in ritardo rispetto alla razionalitaÌ? «monoteista» del nuovo ethos mondiale.
+In realtaÌ? le convulsioni di fine millennio che abbiamo sotto gli occhi non discendono semplicemente dalla pulsione «tribale» (e dunque dal revival etnico-religioso integralista o nazionalista) ma dal cortocircuito tra mondialismo e tribalismo, tra assenze di sovranitaÌ? riconosciute e pretese di sovranitaÌ?, e sul piano culturale tra nichilismo e fanatismo. Anzi, i residui integralismi del passato acquistano virulenza proprio nella loro trasformazione in ideologie, ovvero nel loro contagio «occidentale». I conflitti sono spesso innescati dal contrasto tra nuovi dei, d'importazione coloniale, e antichi dei, indigeni. Moderne volontaÌ? di potenza eccitano ancestrali ferocie di guerrieri. Molti nazionalismi e molti integralismi religiosi insorgono sulle ceneri di identitaÌ? negate, di patrie depresse, represse o compresse, di modelli calati dall'alto, di riduzionismi culturali. AggressivitaÌ? e frustrazione si alimentano a vicenda.
+Si potrebbe arrivare a dire che l'universalismo sia un effetto positivo che sorge da una causa negativa (la perdita d'identitaÌ?, lo sradicamento) e il tribalismo sia, al contrario, un effetto negativo che sorge da una causa positiva (la difesa dell'identitaÌ?, il radicamento).
+In realtaÌ? usiamo una coppia diseguale, che per giunta non eÌ? utilizzabile nelle categorie della politica e della democrazia. Allora il tentativo che percorre queste pagine eÌ? di ripensare all'alternativa d'inizio millennio non svalutando uno dei due termini in questione, ma cercando col massimo rigore di rappresentare la coppia antagonista nella miglior forma possibile e piuÌ? compatibile con le democrazie occidentali e con le categorie odierne della politica.
+Da qui la convinzione che stia delineandosi nella realtaÌ? ma anche nel pensiero un antagonismo sempre piuÌ? chiaro e distinto: tra liberal e comunitari. EÌ? un'alternativa che non rimette in piedi i declinanti bipolarismi ma prende atto della contaminazione avvenuta e del loro sbiadimento e attraversamento. Se eÌ? vero che una cultura di segno progressista sia piuÌ? attratta dall'opzione liberal, e viceversa una cultura di segno conservatore sia piuÌ? attratta dall'opzione comunitaria, le scomposizioni e le ricomposizioni di campo non sono assolutamente marginali e presentano forti difficoltaÌ? di identificazione in paesi a vocazione centrista come l'Italia, pur oscillante tra guerra civile e consociazione. E dove i poli di centro-destra e centro-sinistra amano presentarsi come liberali, pur essendo il primo in prevalenza populista, e il secondo di larga provenienza comunista. Senza dire delle difficoltaÌ? di collocazione dei cattolici democratici in un'area liberal, come m
olte questioni di bioetica e riguardanti i valori comuni vanno evidenziando.
+Tuttavia, emergono sempre piuÌ? le contraddizioni dell'attuale scenario politico, le reciproche accuse di finto liberalismo, l'impraticabilitaÌ? del presente bipolarismo che regge evidentemente su gambe fragili e storte.
+Dall'altra parte in Italia e nelle altre democrazie occidentali emergono sempre piuÌ? nettamente nuove divaricazioni sulle questioni decisive e piuÌ? cruciali per i cittadini, riguardanti la genetica e la bioetica, l'immigrazione e l'integrazione, le sovranitaÌ? popolari e nazionali, i valori condivisi, la famiglia, la religione, il rapporto tra individui e societaÌ?.
+Queste divaricazioni non sono piuÌ? rappresentate dai vecchi antagonismi, ma delineano piuttosto una sensibilitaÌ? liberal e una sensibilitaÌ? comunitaria. Uso queste due definizioni non solo percheÌ? appaiono le meno imprecise per indicare le due differenti inclinazioni, ma per una ragione teorica confermata da una tendenza pratica: le maggiori divisioni politiche e sociali si registrano proprio quando sono in gioco istanze liberal contro istanze comunitarie; e sul piano scientifico la piuÌ? forte distinzione che emerge nella filosofia politica contemporanea eÌ? proprio quella tra comunitari e liberal.
+Naturalmente sul piano della lotta politica i termini usati non sono gli stessi: l'alternativa tra liberal e comunitari viene rappresentata in forme polemiche piuÌ? contingenti, come ad esempio il conflitto tra oligarchie e populismo, per usare due espressioni entrambe svalutative. O tra internazionalisti e identitari, tra cittadini del mondo individual-cosmopoliti e «patrioti», o ancora tra universalisti e particolaristi, per usare la distinzione di Ernst Nolte.
+Proviamo a fare un ulteriore passo in avanti nelle due definizioni, cercando di cogliere il rispettivo nocciolo teorico.
+Chi eÌ? liberal? Anzi, cominciamo dal nome, percheÌ? liberal e non liberale? PercheÌ? liberale nella cultura continentale europea e soprattutto italiana evoca una tradizione di storia e di pensiero che si intreccia con il nazionalismo e il patriottismo risorgimentale, con l'hegelismo e lo Stato etico ed economicamente interventista, la destra storica, il conservatorismo, l'anticomunismo, la preferenza «umanistica» sulla cultura empirica e scientifica. Liberal, invece, evoca la tradizione anglosassone nel suo combinarsi tra empirismo metodologico e idealismo morale, che oppone liberal a conservative e assume al suo interno opzioni progressiste, laburiste e democratiche di sinistra, fino ad accogliere come compagni di strada anche i radical e i comunisti, non solo ex o post (come a livello politico accade in Francia e Italia). L'incontro con lo spirito liberal porta a maturazione il germe individualista del socialismo che era anche in Marx e di cui Louis Dumont eÌ? stato un
lucido analista. GiaÌ? Nietzsche rilevava che «il socialismo eÌ? uno strumento di agitazione dell'individualista [...] cioÌ? che egli vuole non eÌ? la societaÌ? come fine del singolo, ma la societaÌ? come mezzo per rendere possibili molti individui».
+Qual eÌ? il nocciolo dei liberal? L'idea di emancipazione, di liberazione dai legami, nel progetto di un'umanitaÌ? liberata. Un'idea che si coniuga con la deterritorializzazione, il superamento dei confini, l'universalismo. Liberal eÌ? colui che punta sull'emancipazione dell'individuo dai vincoli sociali, territoriali, familiari, tradizionali. La cultura liberal eÌ? una corda tesa tra individualismo e internazionalismo, nel progetto di formare un cittadino del mondo. La sua azione politica eÌ? percorsa da un'idea correttiva della realtaÌ?: bisogna modificare l'esistente che non eÌ? frutto del destino o dei disegni della provvidenza, ma eÌ? pura casualitaÌ?, gioco fortuito delle combinazioni, lotteria, ingiustizia da rimuovere. L'incidenza della «natura» intesa come origine va ridotta: sia percheÌ? la cultura eÌ? concepita come emancipazione dalla natura, dall'origine; sia percheÌ? quel che definiamo natura eÌ? spesso per il liberal solo stratificazione storica, proiezione
di un dominio culturale, convenzione accumulata nel tempo. Si puoÌ? dire che il liberal sia proiettato nella dimensione del possibile, del non ancora, dunque del futuro. Ma si potrebbe anche sostenere da un punto di vista critico l'esatto opposto: il liberal in realtaÌ? ha un solo antagonista, l'Origine, il reale, il giaÌ? stato ed esaurisce la sua lotta a combattere e negare l'esistente: combatte con la testa rivolta alle spalle. La sua libertaÌ? non eÌ? in vista di ma liberazione da.
+Dall'altro versante, dicevamo, i comunitari. Chi sono? Esiste da una parte un piccolo mondo culturale che si definisce comunitario, verso cui affluiscono circoli di nuova destra, ambientalisti, cattolici o provenienti dalla nuova sinistra; e dall'altra una sensibilitaÌ? comunitaria diffusa e spontanea. Ma non esiste nel mezzo un movimento compiutamente comunitario: c'eÌ? un comune sentire da una parte e una teoria intellettuale dall'altra, e in mezzo il vuoto. Solitamente il riferimento teorico principale va ai communitarians americani, che hanno negli ultimi anni animato la questione comunitaria il piuÌ? delle volte contrapponendola all'opzione liberal, in alcuni casi ibridandola con essa. Sono MacIntyre, Sandel, Taylor, Etzioni, di provenienza variegata, conservatrice o anche radical. Ma accanto a questo filone culturale di comunitarismo freddo (che confina con la nuova destra e con la nuova sinistra, con il pensiero anti-utilitarista, la sociologia di Lasch e di Maffesoli
e la cultura cattolica) c'eÌ? poi un pensiero caldo del comunitarismo, umanistico e spiritualistico. Solo per limitarci al nostro secolo, si potrebbero citare quattro opere coeve di autori molto diversi tra loro: Simone Weil della Prima radice, Giovanni Gentile di Genesi e struttura della societaÌ?, Thomas Stearns Eliot di L'idea di una societaÌ? cristiana e Emmanuel Mounier di Rivoluzione personalista e comunitaria. Fili conduttori: il primato del noi, il richiamo alla continuitaÌ? e alle radici, la forza del legame sociale, la visione religiosa della vita sociale e politica.
+Proviamo allora a definire oggi il nocciolo del comunitarismo. Dov'eÌ? la sua scatola nera? EÌ? nel senso del radicamento in un orizzonte sociale e culturale avvertito come orizzonte comune, plurale e significativo. Comunitario eÌ? chi assegna valore all'identitaÌ?, alla provenienza, dunque all'origine; e alle vie che conducono alle radici, come le tradizioni. Comunitario eÌ? chi assegna valore al legame sociale, religioso, familiare, nazionale, che non vive come vincolo ma come risorsa. Per il comunitario il legame non eÌ? la catena che ci imprigiona e ci limita nella libertaÌ? ma il filo d'Arianna che ci lega ad altri e ci sostiene. Il confine non eÌ? il male ma cioÌ? che garantisce in concreto la sfera del nostro essere e il nostro agire. Comunitario eÌ? chi ritiene che ogni Io abbia un luogo originario o eletto, che avverte come patria; per lui non eÌ? insignificante o fortuita la sua origine o la sua destinazione, i suoi legami. Quel che il liberal vede come frutto di u
na lotteria del caso, il comunitario vive come evento significativo, se non voluto da un destino o una provvidenza. La realtaÌ? non eÌ? dunque una possibilitaÌ? tra le altre da cui liberarsi, ma eÌ? cioÌ? che ci definisce, ci identifica, ci chiama a un ruolo, a un senso e a un compito. Amor fati, si potrebbe dire con due filosofi tutt'altro che fatalisti: Friedrich Nietzsche e Simone Weil. Con le stesse parole indicavano due opposti disegni: per Nietzsche l'amor fati celebrava le nozze dell'uomo con la terra, per la Weil erano le nozze con il cielo.
+Il comunitario infine eÌ? colui che assegna importanza al comune sentire, ai riti, le usanze e i costumi di un popolo. Importanza non sociologica o folcloristica, ma vitale, come modelli di riferimento per orientarsi. Archetipi che comprendono pure una zavorra fatta di pregiudizi, totem e tabuÌ?. Ma la convinzione «realista» del comunitario eÌ? che ogni individuo si circondi e si nutra di pregiudizi, totem e tabuÌ?; la differenza eÌ? che lui preferisce quelli consolidati da una tradizione a quelli dominanti nel proprio tempo. Come agenzia di senso preferisce affidarsi all'esperienza sociale ereditata piuttosto che alle fabbriche mediali e intellettuali del consenso e delle opinioni. Se il liberal procede nel futuro rivolto indietro a combattere contro il passato, la natura e l'origine, il comunitario procede nel futuro sentendosi sospinto dalle radici, dal passato. Il legame con la tradizione lo induce a confidare nella continuitaÌ?, nella trasmissione, che eÌ? dunque non
solo a parte ante ma anche a parte post. L'avvenire visto non come liberazione dal passato ma come gravidanza e dunque come passaggio aristotelico dalla potenza all'atto. Non creazione ma procreazione. La realtaÌ? per il comunitario non va abolita, rimossa, sostituita, nel nome di una pur «ragionevole utopia» (Veca); ma va organizzata, ordinata, messa in forma (Spengler).
+Ho calcato la mano sulle differenze tra liberal e comunitari, sapendo che la realtaÌ? non presenta mai modelli cosiÌ? netti e distinti, e adesioni altrettanto nette e decise, ma procede per contaminazioni, attraversamenti, contraddizioni. Che sono non solo il segno dell'imperfezione ma anche la risorsa che consente la convivenza, la reciproca comprensione. Diciamo allora che la distinzione va fatta tra un atteggiamento prevalentemente liberal e un atteggiamento prevalentemente comunitario.
+Nella declinazione di ogni bipolarismo c'eÌ? oggi una premessa che viene solitamente elevata al rango di giudizio a priori, se non di vero e proprio pre-giudizio: l'accettazione dell'orizzonte liberale. In altri termini non eÌ? ammessa una scelta comunitaria che non si riconosca a sua volta nell'ambito delle regole liberali. Questa premessa soffre peroÌ? di un limite teorico e pratico che indebolisce il bipolarismo: l'unilateralitaÌ?, la non reciprocitaÌ? del riconoscimento. In realtaÌ?, se vogliamo ricondurre l'antagonismo sul terreno di valori realmente condivisi, nell'alveo del civile confronto e del comune rifiuto della violenza, dobbiamo partire da un'altra premessa: c'eÌ? un perimetro di mura fondanti di una polis che va riconosciuto da ambo le parti. Ovvero un perimetro basilare di principi condivisi che deve essere accettato da ambo le parti. Da dove attingere questi valori condivisi? Dal nucleo di veritaÌ? che il liberal e il comunitario riconoscono nel rispettivo a
ntagonista. Nel caso dei liberali, il rispetto per la libertaÌ? dei singoli, la necessitaÌ? di porre limiti al potere, la tutela delle minoranze, la critica al perfettismo nel nome della tolleranza. Nel caso dei comunitari, il rispetto per le identitaÌ? e le differenze, i diritti del comune sentire dei popoli, la tutela delle famiglie e dei legami sociali, i limiti al potere politico, economico ecc. nel nome di tradizioni, religioni, culture. Un liberal non puoÌ? dirsi estraneo e ostile a questi valori comunitari, cosiÌ? come un comunitario non puoÌ? dirsi estraneo e ostile ai valori liberali sopra accennati. Una democrazia non puoÌ? sopravvivere se non c'eÌ? reciproca legittimazione e reciproco riconoscimento di un nucleo di veritaÌ?. Un liberal non puoÌ? far tabula rasa delle tradizioni e del comune sentire di un popolo; un comunitario non puoÌ? prescindere dalle regole e dal rispetto delle leggi.
+Dov'eÌ? allora la differenza, una volta ammessi valori condivisi? Nella scala delle prioritaÌ?: fermo restando che i valori di libertaÌ? e i valori comunitari sono terreno condiviso da ambedue, il liberal assegneraÌ? la precedenza ai primi e il comunitario ai secondi. Intendiamoci. L'esito concreto saraÌ? tutt'altro che idilliaco, percheÌ? i margini di interpretazione restano assai controversi e le dure repliche della realtaÌ? inaspriscono i conflitti. CosiÌ? come non mancano valori contesi o rigettati da ambo le parti e criteri di scelta caduti nella terra di mezzo. La solidarietaÌ?, ad esempio: eÌ? un valore che attiene piuÌ? alle societaÌ? liberal percheÌ? richiama la passione egualitaria di correggere le disparitaÌ? originarie o alle societaÌ? comunitarie percheÌ? evoca il legame sociale, il senso profondo del noi? La tutela delle differenze eÌ? messa piuÌ? a repentaglio nelle societaÌ? universalistiche ma preoccupate dei diritti delle minoranze o nelle comunitaÌ? fondat
e sull'idem sentire ma preoccupate di tutelare le identitaÌ? e le diversitaÌ?? L'associazionismo, la circolazione delle eÌ?lites, la selezione, sono piuÌ? favoriti in una societaÌ? di singoli o in una societaÌ? in cui eÌ? piuÌ? vivo il reticolo dei pluralismi sociali?
+EÌ? evidente che si debbono precisare gli ambiti e le condizioni specifiche; ma eÌ? inevitabile che ci siano istanze da cui si puoÌ? entrare e uscire da porte opposte. Ancora una volta il bipolarismo tra liberal e comunitari ha un valore orientativo, regolativo; non puoÌ? avere un valore costitutivo assoluto.
+Abbiamo rappresentato il bipolarismo al meglio; ma per una questione di metodo e non per una vocazione all'ottimismo. Sul piano storico le due opzioni presentano rischi speculari che vanno riconosciuti. Quali sono le possibili degenerazioni di una scelta liberal? Il rifiuto giacobino della realtaÌ? nel nome dell'utopia, il prevalere di un individualismo che sfocia nell'egoismo e nella solitudine, l'avvento di un pericoloso nichilismo sociale, la morte della politica e della societaÌ? a vantaggio di un villaggio globale dominato dai signori della tecnica e della finanza, attraverso centri di potere oligarchico transnazionale, l'avvento dell'uniformitaÌ? globale, l'assenza di valori superiori e di scopi comuni.
+Quali sono le possibili degenerazioni di una scelta comunitaria? Il populismo e l'autoritarismo rifusi nel rischio cesarista, il riaccendersi di odi atavici, etnici, religiosi, nazionali, l'universo razionale insidiato dall'universo mitico-emozionale, la scarsa tutela delle minoranze estranee al comune sentire (gay, immigrati, tossicomani), i diritti individuali trascurati. In entrambe le forme degenerate ci puoÌ? essere il rischio finale di un dispotismo; il primo, legato alla brutta miscela di nichilismo e uniformitaÌ? globale, il secondo, legato alla brutta miscela di autoritarismo e fondamentalismo. E da entrambi puoÌ? sorgere il pericolo di un conflitto radicale fondato sulla demonizzazione e l'eliminazione del nemico, considerato come nemico assoluto della libertaÌ? o della comunitaÌ?, dell'umanitaÌ? o della veritaÌ?, della ragione o della tradizione. Si puoÌ? perfino arrivare al razzismo da entrambi i versanti, per analogia o per contrappasso: ovvero si puoÌ? alimenta
re il razzismo attraverso la negazione delle differenze, nel nome dell'emancipazione universale, o attraverso l'eccitazione delle differenze, nel nome della propria. Nota Todorov: «Identificare un ?noi' e un ?loro' sulla base delle caratteristiche fisiche [...] eÌ? il modo piuÌ? facile per orientarsi in una societaÌ? nella quale gli altri punti di riferimento sono scomparsi». Una societaÌ? disgregata e nichilista puoÌ? essere preda del razzismo percheÌ? semplifica le differenze e le traduce nel brutale parametro del dato fisico e quantitativo. Quando la diversitaÌ? altrui eÌ? vissuta come un male, allora sorge il razzismo: ma questo puoÌ? avvenire tanto in una societaÌ? che vive la propria identitaÌ? comunitaria come superiore alle altre o come esclusione degli altri, quanto in una societaÌ? che vive l'omologazione come razionalizzazione del mondo e superioritaÌ? del proprio modello di vita. C'eÌ? il fondato rischio che per combattere il razzismo etnico sorga un razzismo e
tico, anch'esso intollerante ed esclusivo, imperniato sull'idea di superioritaÌ? etica, al punto da retrocedere il proprio avversario al rango di un'umanitaÌ? inferiore, da educare, reprimere o eliminare. Il razzismo poggia sovente su un pregiudizio evoluzionista e progressista degli «emancipati» verso gli arretrati, i moderni contro i primitivi.
+Il liberal preferisce correre i rischi del primo tipo, il comunitario preferisce correre i rischi del secondo tipo. E anche qui, il dispositivo per arginare i rischi delle due derive eÌ? nella funzione frenante che i valori comuni possono svolgere, ciascuno nel campo avverso. Chiamiamo democrazia il perimetro comunemente accettato dai liberal e dai comunitari in cui convivono le istanze di entrambi.
+Infine sorge una questione relativa ai confini di questo bipolarismo: la scelta liberal e la scelta comunitaria devono comprendere oppure no chi non riconosce un terreno comune di valori condivisi? Devono accettare nel proprio seno o comunque nell'arco delle proprie alleanze gli estremismi e i radicalismi oppure rigettarli? Facciamo un esempio concreto: una coalizione liberal puoÌ? inglobare anche la sinistra piuÌ? radicale, per esempio coloro che si definiscono comunisti, gli anarchici o coloro che provengono dall'estremismo di sinistra? E una coalizione opposta puoÌ? inglobare anche la destra piuÌ? radicale, coloro che si definiscono nazionalisti o che provengono dal fascismo?
+Anche in questo caso, quel che conta eÌ? che l'opportunitaÌ? sia bilaterale. Rifiutare la bilateralitaÌ? sostenendo l'incomparabilitaÌ? tra le due galassie significa pretendere che il pre-giudizio ideologico di una parte sia unilateralmente imposto anche all'altra parte.
+Ci sono allora due soluzioni coerenti: quella di una democrazia inclusiva, di un bipolarismo aperto, che riconosca all'interno di ciascun polo, seppure ai margini piuÌ? periferici, anche le posizioni piuÌ? estreme e perfino le posizioni che negano l'esistenza di valori condivisi. Se la soglia di accettabilitaÌ? eÌ? stabilita solo dal consenso democratico liberamente espresso, eÌ? possibile includere le due ali. O, viceversa, si puoÌ? preferire una democrazia protetta, e dunque un bipolarismo chiuso che escluda le ali estreme e rifiuti alleanze con chi non riconosce il perimetro comune della polis.
+Quel che non eÌ? possibile fare se si tiene alla democrazia eÌ? consentire a uno schieramento un potere di coalizione che si nega all'altro. Come di fatto avviene oggi, con le coalizioni di centro-sinistra che accettano alleanze di governo con i partiti comunisti e la sinistra estrema, mentre le coalizioni di centro-destra devono respingere nazionalisti e destra estrema. Il piuÌ? vistoso eÌ? l'esempio francese. L'esclusione o l'inclusione deve essere comunque bilaterale, altrimenti un bipolarismo diseguale produce una democrazia dimezzata con disparitaÌ? di chance e un'egemonia ideologica che eleva uno dei giocatori ad arbitro della stessa partita che sta giocando.
+Personalmente propendo per una democrazia inclusiva percheÌ? penso che i danni di un'esclusione dei due estremi siano superiori ai vantaggi: includendo anche le posizioni radicali si allargano i confini della democrazia e della partecipazione popolare, anche se si abbassa il tasso di omogeneitaÌ? delle coalizioni; in tal modo si agevola la deradicalizzazione delle posizioni estreme, che a volte sono tali proprio percheÌ? eÌ? negato loro il pieno riconoscimento nella democrazia. Delegittimate, radicalizzano la loro opposizione al sistema. In ogni caso in una democrazia il vero discrimine di liceitaÌ? dev'essere di tipo pratico-giudiziario e non teorico-ideologico: le opinioni non democratiche, anti-comunitarie o anti-liberali, non sono reati; lo sono i comportamenti violenti, gli atti che violano le leggi dello Stato e che danneggiano terzi. La buona regola per la democrazia eÌ? l'omeopatia: chi sceglie l'estremismo finisce alle estremitaÌ? periferiche del gioco politico. Chi
sceglie l'uso della forza viene dissuaso con la forza, chi combatte con le parole viene combattuto con le parole. A ciascuno il suo, secondo propria misura.
+Ma torniamo all'antagonismo da cui eravamo partiti. La scelta liberal persegue un sogno finale per il terzo millennio: lo Stato etico mondiale, ovvero una societaÌ? senza confini, governata da un potere sovrano che si muove «solo» per correggere i mali del mondo, come le ingiustizie, le disparitaÌ?, le violenze e le guerre locali. Utilizza cioeÌ? la forza per ragioni umanitarie, lasciando per il resto il campo al libero gioco degli individui e dell'iniziativa privata. Una specie di Gendarme buono, di Coscienza del mondo in armi, di kantismo in tenuta militare per far osservare ovunque l'imperativo categorico su alcune scelte, lasciandone indisturbate altre (da qui l'accusa di permissivismo morale).
+Il comunitario vive invece questo sogno liberal come un incubo orwelliano, percheÌ? lo considera come l'avvento di un Potere senza volto che governa su un mondo privato delle differenze e stabilisce a sua discrezione i nuovi confini del bene e del male. Le persone sono ridotte a individui, cioeÌ? pure nuditaÌ? private della loro identitaÌ? e cosiÌ? i popoli sono ridotti a target o audience, ovvero uniforme e labile massa priva di specificitaÌ? radicate. Per la prospettiva comunitaria, lo Stato etico mondiale sarebbe in realtaÌ? l'egemonia di un Questore universale nel nome del nichilismo e dello sradicamento. E a questa prospettiva viene contrapposta la valorizzazione delle comunitaÌ? in cerchi concentrici, dalle piuÌ? piccole alle comunitaÌ? nazionali, fino alle aree omogenee per cultura, tradizione, storia, geopolitica.
+Naturalmente non mancano gli attraversamenti di campo. Ernst JuÌ?nger, che non era certo un liberal, sognava uno Stato planetario. Invece Ralf Dahrendorf, che eÌ? certamente un liberal, difende gli Stati nazionali. Peraltro il sogno di uno Stato universale appartiene alla tradizione dell'imperium (riecheggiata nel De monarchia di Dante), mentre la nascita degli Stati nazionali coincide con la modernitaÌ? e la loro difesa ideologica coincide con l'avvento dei giacobini. Ma oggi la prospettiva liberal eÌ? tendenzialmente universalista percheÌ? intreccia il tradizionale internazionalismo della sinistra con la planetarizzazione perseguita dal liberalcapitalismo. E la prospettiva comunitaria eÌ? tendenzialmente portata a difendere la realtaÌ? di un mondo multipolare, composto da piuÌ? aree, piuÌ? culture, piuÌ? identitaÌ? e piuÌ? popoli.
+Liberal o comunitari, l'antagonismo possibile: un modo per pensare l'avvenire fuori dal determinismo del Modello unico, del Pensiero unico, della storia a senso unico. Recuperare la conflittualitaÌ? della politica eÌ? garanzia della libertaÌ? e del rispetto delle differenze; ma si tratta di portare la conflittualitaÌ? intra moenia, cioeÌ? dentro i confini del pari rispetto e della legittimazione reciproca, e dentro le mura di una comune cittadinanza.
+Infine, onesta avvertenza: se non si eÌ? giaÌ? capito, la preferenza di chi scrive va all'opzione comunitaria. Ma il compito principale da assolvere eÌ? di portare a rigore le posizioni in campo, cercando di dare dignitaÌ? teorica e compostezza civile alle parti antagoniste.Risposi che sentivo un dolore al posto contuso da quella caduta al caffeÌ? della quale s'era parlato anche quella sera stessa.
+Feci subito un energico tentativo per liberarmi da quel dolore. Mi parve che ne sarei guarito se avessi saputo vendicarmi dell'ingiuria che m'era stata fatta. Domandai un pezzo di carta ed una matita e tentai di disegnare un individuo che veniva oppresso da un tavolino ribaltatoglisi addosso. Misi poi accanto a lui un bastone sfuggitogli di mano in seguito alla catastrofe. Nessuno riconobbe il bastone e percioÌ? l'offesa non riusciÌ? quale io l'avrei voluta. PercheÌ? poi si riconoscesse chi fosse quell'individuo e come fosse capitato in quella posizione, scrissi di sotto: «Guido Speier alle prese col tavolino». Del resto di quel disgraziato sotto al tavolino non si vedevano che le gambe, che avrebbero potuto somigliare a quelle di Guido se non le avessi storpiate ad arte, e lo spirito di vendetta non fosse intervenuto a peggiorare il mio disegno giaÌ? tanto infantile.
+Il dolore assillante mi fece lavorare in grande fretta. Certo giammai il mio povero organismo fu talmente pervaso dal desiderio di ferire e se avessi avuta in mano la sciabola invece di quella matita che non sapevo muovere, forse la cura sarebbe riuscita.
+Guido rise sinceramente del mio disegno, ma poi osservoÌ? mitemente:
+Non mi pare che il tavolino m'abbia nociuto!
+Non gli aveva infatti nociuto ed era questa l'ingiustizia di cui mi dolevo.
+Ada prese i due disegni di Guido e disse di voler conservarli. Io la guardai per esprimerle il mio rimprovero ed essa dovette stornare il suo sguardo dal mio. Avevo il diritto di rimproverarla percheÌ? faceva aumentare il mio dolore.
+Trovai una difesa in Augusta. Essa volle che sul mio disegno mettessi la data del nostro fidanzamento percheÌ? voleva conservare anche lei quello sgorbio.
+Un'onda calda di sangue inondoÌ? le mie vene a tale segno d'affetto che per la prima volta riconobbi tanto importante per me. Il dolore peroÌ? non cessoÌ? e dovetti pensare che se quell'atto d'affetto mi fosse venuto da Ada, esso avrebbe provocata nelle mie vene una tale ondata di sangue che tutti i detriti accumulatisi nei miei nervi ne sarebbero stati spazzati via.
+Quel dolore non m'abbandonoÌ? piuÌ?. Adesso, nella vecchiaia, ne soffro meno percheÌ?, quando mi coglie, lo sopporto con indulgenza: «Ah! Sei qui, prova evidente che sono stato giovine?». Ma in gioventuÌ? fu altra cosa. Io non dico che il dolore sia stato grande, per quanto talvolta m'abbia impedito il libero movimento o mi abbia tenuto desto per notti intere. Ma esso occupoÌ? buona parte della mia vita. Volevo guarirne! PercheÌ? avrei dovuto portare per tutta la vita sul mio corpo stesso lo stigma del vinto? Divenire addirittura il monumento ambulante della vittoria di Guido? Bisognava cancellare dal mio corpo quel dolore.
+CosiÌ? cominciarono le cure. Ma, subito dopo, l'origine rabbiosa della malattia fu dimenticata e mi fu ora persino difficile di ritrovarla. Non poteva essere altrimenti: io avevo una grande fiducia nei medici che mi curarono e credetti loro sinceramente quando attribuirono quel dolore ora al ricambio ed ora alla circolazione difettosa, poi alla tubercolosi o a varie infezioni di cui qualcuna vergognosa. Devo poi confessare che tutte le cure m'arrecarono qualche sollievo temporaneo per cui ogni volta l'eventuale nuova diagnosi sembrava confermata. Prima o poi risultava meno esatta, ma non del tutto erronea, percheÌ? da me nessuna funzione eÌ? idealmente perfetta.
+Una volta sola ci fu un vero errore: una specie di veterinario nelle cui mani m'ero posto, s'ostinoÌ? per lungo tempo ad attaccare il mio nervo sciatico coi suoi vescicanti e finiÌ? coll'essere beffato dal mio dolore che improvvisamente, durante una seduta, saltoÌ? dall'anca alla coppa, lungi percioÌ? da ogni connessione col nervo sciatico. Il cerusico s'arrabbioÌ? e mi mise alla porta ed io me ne andai - me lo ricordo benissimo - niente affatto offeso, ammirato invece che il dolore al nuovo posto non avesse cambiato per nulla. Rimaneva rabbioso e irraggiungibile come quando m'aveva torturata l'anca. EÌ? strano come ogni parte del nostro corpo sappia dolere allo stesso modo.
+Tutte le altre diagnosi vivono esattissime nel mio corpo e si battono fra di loro per il primato. Vi sono delle giornate in cui vivo per la diatesi urica ed altre in cui la diatesi eÌ? uccisa, cioeÌ? guarita, da un'infiammazione delle vene. Io ho dei cassetti interi di medicinali e sono i soli cassetti miei che tengo io stesso in ordine. Io amo le mie medicine e so che quando ne abbandono una, prima o poi vi ritorneroÌ?. Del resto non credo di aver perduto il mio tempo. ChissaÌ? da quanto tempo e di quale malattia io sarei giaÌ? morto se il mio dolore in tempo non le avesse simulate tutte per indurmi a curarle prima ch'esse m'afferrassero.
+Ma pur senza saper spiegarne l'intima natura, io so quando il mio dolore per la prima volta si formoÌ?. Proprio per quel disegno tanto migliore del mio.
+Una goccia che fece traboccare il vaso! Io sono sicuro di non aver mai prima sentito quel dolore. Ad un medico volli spiegarne l'origine, ma non m'intese. ChissaÌ?? Forse la psico-analisi porteraÌ? alla luce tutto il rivolgimento che il mio organismo subiÌ? in quei giorni e specialmente nelle poche ore che seguirono al mio fidanzamento.
+Non furono neppure poche, quelle ore!
+Quando, tardi, la compagnia si sciolse, Augusta lietamente mi disse:
+A domani!
+L'invito mi piacque percheÌ? provava che avevo raggiunto il mio scopo e che niente era finito e tutto avrebbe continuato il giorno appresso. Essa mi guardoÌ? negli occhi e trovoÌ? i miei vivamente annuenti cosiÌ? da confortarla. Scesi quegli scalini, che non contai piuÌ?, domandandomi:
+ChissaÌ? se l'amo?
+EÌ? un dubbio che m'accompagnoÌ? per tutta la vita e oggidiÌ? posso pensare che l'amore accompagnato da tanto dubbio sia il vero amore.
+Ma neppure dopo abbandonata quella casa, mi fu concesso di andar a coricarmi e raccogliere il frutto della mia attivitaÌ? di quella serata in un sonno lungo e ristoratore. Faceva caldo. Guido sentiÌ? il bisogno di un gelato e m'invitoÌ? ad accompagnarlo ad un caffeÌ?. S'aggrappoÌ? amichevolmente al mio braccio ed io, altrettanto amichevolmente, sostenni il suo. Egli era una persona molto importante per me e non avrei saputo rifiutargli niente. La grande stanchezza che avrebbe dovuto cacciarmi a letto, mi rendeva piuÌ? arrendevole del solito.
+Entrammo proprio nella bottega ove il povero Tullio m'aveva infettato con la sua malattia, e ci mettemmo a sedere ad un tavolo appartato. Sulla via il mio dolore che io ancora non sapevo quale compagno fedele mi sarebbe stato, m'aveva fatto soffrire molto e, per qualche istante, mi parve si attenuasse percheÌ? mi fu concesso di sedere.
+La compagnia di Guido fu addirittura terribile. S'informava con grande curiositaÌ? della storia dei miei amori con Augusta. Sospettava ch'io lo ingannassi? Gli dissi sfacciatamente che io di Augusta m'ero innamorato subito alla mia prima visita in casa Malfenti. Il mio dolore mi rendeva ciarliero, quasi avessi voluto gridare piuÌ? di esso. Ma parlai troppo e se Guido fosse stato piuÌ? attento si sarebbe accorto che io non ero tanto innamorato di Augusta. Parlai della cosa piuÌ? interessante nel corpo di Augusta, cioeÌ? quell'occhio sbilenco che a torto faceva credere che anche il resto non fosse al suo vero posto. Poi volli spiegare percheÌ? non mi fossi fatto avanti prima. Forse Guido era meravigliato di avermi visto capitare in quella casa all'ultimo momento per fidanzarmi. Urlai:
+Intanto le signorine Malfenti sono abituate ad un grande lusso ed io non potevo sapere se ero al caso di addossarmi una cosa simile.
+Mi dispiacque di aver cosiÌ? parlato anche di Ada, ma non v'era piuÌ? rimedio; era tanto difficile di isolare Augusta da Ada! Continuai abbassando la voce per sorvegliarmi meglio:
+Dovetti percioÌ? fare dei calcoli. Trovai che il mio denaro non bastava. Allora mi misi a studiare se potevo allargare il mio commercio.
+Dissi poi che, per fare quei calcoli, avevo avuto bisogno di molto tempo e che percioÌ? m'ero astenuto dal far visita ai Malfenti per cinque giorni.
+Finalmente la lingua abbandonata a se stessa era arrivata ad un po' di sinceritaÌ?. Ero vicino al pianto e, premendomi l'anca, mormorai:
+Cinque giorni son lunghi!
+Guido disse che si compiaceva di scoprire in me una persona tanto previdente.
+Io osservai seccamente:
+ La persona previdente non eÌ? piuÌ? gradevole della stordita!
+Guido rise:
+Curioso che il previdente senta il bisogno di difendere lo stordito!
+Poi, senz'altra transizione, mi raccontoÌ? seccamente ch'egli era in procinto di domandare la mano di Ada. M'aveva trascinato al caffeÌ? per farmi quella confessione oppure s'era seccato di aver dovuto starmi a sentire per tanto tempo a parlare di me e si procurava la rivincita?
+Io sono quasi sicuro d'esser riuscito a dimostrare la massima sorpresa e la massima compiacenza. Ma subito dopo trovai il modo di addentarlo vigorosamente:
+Adesso capisco percheÌ? ad Ada piacque tanto quel Bach svisato a quel modo! Era ben suonato, ma <I>gli Otto proibiscono di lordare</I> in certi posti.
+La botta era forte e Guido arrossiÌ? dal dolore. Fu mite nella risposta percheÌ? ora gli mancava l'appoggio di tutto il suo piccolo pubblico entusiasta.
+Dio mio! - comincioÌ? per guadagnar tempo. - Talvolta suonando si cede ad un capriccio. In quella stanza pochi conoscevano il Bach ed io lo presentai loro un poco modernizzato.
+Parve soddisfatto della sua trovata, ma io ne fui soddisfatto altrettanto percheÌ? mi parve una scusa e una sommissione. CioÌ? bastoÌ? a mitigarmi e, del resto, per nulla al mondo avrei voluto litigare col futuro marito di Ada. Proclamai che raramente avevo sentito un dilettante che suonasse cosiÌ? bene.
+A lui non bastoÌ?: osservoÌ? ch'egli poteva essere considerato quale un dilettante, solo percheÌ? non accettava di presentarsi come professionista.
+Non voleva altro? Gli diedi ragione. Era evidente ch'egli non poteva essere considerato quale un dilettante.
+CosiÌ? fummo di nuovo buoni amici.
+Poi, di punto in bianco, egli si mise a dir male delle donne. Restai a bocca aperta! Ora che lo conosco meglio, so ch'egli si lancia a un discorrere abbondante in qualsiasi direzione quando si crede sicuro di piacere al suo interlocutore. Io, poco prima, avevo parlato del lusso delle signorine Malfenti, ed egli ricomincioÌ? a parlare di quello per finire col dire di tutte le altre cattive qualitaÌ? delle donne. La mia stanchezza m'impediva d'interromperlo e mi limitavo a continui segni d'assenso ch'erano giaÌ? troppo faticosi per me. Altrimenti, certo, avrei protestato. Io sapevo ch'io avevo ogni ragione di dir male delle donne rappresentate per me da Ada, Augusta e dalla mia futura suocera; ma lui non aveva alcuna ragione di prendersela col sesso rappresentato per lui dalla sola Ada che l'amava.
+Era ben dotto, e ad onta della mia stanchezza stetti a sentirlo con ammirazione. Molto tempo dopo scopersi ch'egli aveva fatte sue le geniali teorie del giovine suicida Weininger. Per allora subivo il peso di un secondo Bach. Mi venne persino il dubbio ch'egli volesse curarmi. PercheÌ? altrimenti avrebbe voluto convincermi che la donna non sa essere neÌ? geniale neÌ? buona? A me parve che la cura non riusciÌ? percheÌ? somministrata da Guido.
+Ma conservai quelle teorie e le perfezionai con la lettura del Weininger. Non guariscono peroÌ? mai, ma sono una comoda compagnia quando si corre dietro alle donne.
+Finito il suo gelato, Guido sentiÌ? il bisogno di una boccata d'aria fresca e m'indusse ad accompagnarlo ad una passeggiata verso la periferia della cittaÌ?.
+Ricordo: da giorni, in cittaÌ?, si anelava ad un poco di pioggia da cui si sperava qualche sollievo al caldo anticipato. Io non m'ero neppure accorto di quel caldo. Quella sera il cielo aveva cominciato a coprirsi di leggere nubi bianche, di quelle da cui il popolo spera la pioggia abbondante, ma una grande luna s'avanzava nel cielo intensamente azzurro dov'era ancora limpido, una di quelle lune dalle guancie gonfie che lo stesso popolo crede capaci di mangiare le nubi. Era infatti evidente che laÌ? dov'essa toccava, scioglieva e nettava.
+Volli interrompere il chiacchierio di Guido che mi costringeva ad un annuire continuo, una tortura, e gli descrissi il bacio nella luna scoperto dal poeta Zamboni: com'era dolce quel bacio nel centro delle nostre notti in confronto all'ingiustizia che Guido accanto a me commetteva! Parlando e scotendomi dal torpore in cui ero caduto a forza di assentire, mi parve che il mio dolore s'attenuasse. Era il premio per la mia ribellione e vi insistetti.
+Guido dovette adattarsi di lasciare per un momento in pace le donne e guardare in alto. Ma per poco! Scoperta, in seguito alle mie indicazioni, la pallida immagine di donna nella luna, ritornoÌ? al suo argomento con uno scherzo di cui rise fortemente, ma solo lui, nella via deserta:
+Vede tante cose quella donna! Peccato ch'essendo donna non sa ricordarle.
+Faceva parte della sua teoria (o di quella del Weininger) che la donna non puoÌ? essere geniale percheÌ? non sa ricordare.
+Arrivammo sotto la via Belvedere. Guido disse che un po' di salita ci avrebbe fatto bene. Anche questa volta lo compiacqui. LassuÌ?, con uno di quei movimenti che si confanno meglio ai giovanissimi ragazzi, egli si sdraioÌ? sul muricciuolo che arginava la via da quella sottostante. Gli pareva di fare un atto di coraggio esponendosi ad una caduta di una diecina di metri. Sentii dapprima il solito ribrezzo al vederlo esposto a tanto pericolo, ma poi ricordai il sistema da me escogitato quella sera stessa, in uno slancio d'improvvisazione, per liberarmi da quell'affanno e mi misi ad augurare ferventemente ch'egli cadesse.
+In quella posizione egli continuava a predicare contro le donne. Diceva ora che abbisognavano di giocattoli come i bambini, ma di alto prezzo. Ricordai che Ada diceva di amare molto i gioielli. Era dunque proprio di lei ch'egli parlava? Ebbi allora un'idea spaventosa! PercheÌ? non avrei fatto fare a Guido quel salto di dieci metri? Non sarebbe stato giusto di sopprimere costui che mi portava via Ada senz'amarla? In quel momento mi pareva che quando l'avessi ucciso, avrei potuto correre da Ada per averne subito il premio. Nella strana notte piena di luce, a me era parso ch'essa stesse a sentire come Guido l'infamava.
+Debbo confessare ch'io in quel momento m'accinsi veramente ad uccidere Guido! Ero in piedi accanto a lui ch'era sdraiato sul basso muricciuolo ed esaminai freddamente come avrei dovuto afferrarlo per essere sicuro del fatto mio.
+Poi scopersi che non avevo neppur bisogno di afferrarlo. Egli giaceva sulle proprie braccia incrociate dietro la testa, e sarebbe bastata una buona spinta improvvisa per metterlo senza rimedio fuori d'equilibrio.
+Mi venne un'altra idea che mi parve tanto importante da poter compararla alla grande luna che s'avanzava nel cielo nettandolo: avevo accettato di fidanzarmi ad Augusta per essere sicuro di dormir bene quella notte. Come avrei potuto dormire se avessi ammazzato Guido? Quest'idea salvoÌ? me e lui. Volli subito abbandonare quella posizione nella quale sovrastavo a Guido e che mi seduceva a quell'azione. Mi piegai sulle ginocchia abbattendomi su me stesso e arrivando quasi a toccare il suolo con la mia testa:
+Che dolore, che dolore! - urlai.
+Spaventato, Guido balzoÌ? in piedi a domandarmi delle spiegazioni. Io continuai a lamentarmi piuÌ? mitemente senza rispondere. Sapevo percheÌ? mi lamentavo: percheÌ? avevo voluto uccidere e forse, anche, percheÌ? non avevo saputo farlo. Il dolore e il lamento scusavano tutto. Mi pareva di gridare ch'io non avevo voluto uccidere e mi pareva anche di gridare che non era colpa mia se non avevo saputo farlo. Tutto era colpa della mia malattia e del mio dolore. Invece ricordo benissimo che proprio allora il mio dolore scomparve del tutto e che il mio lamento rimase una pura commedia cui io invano cercai di dare un contenuto evocando il dolore e ricostruendolo per sentirlo e soffrirne. Ma fu uno sforzo vano percheÌ? esso non ritornoÌ? che quando volle.
+Come al solito Guido procedeva per ipotesi. Fra altro mi domandoÌ? se non si fosse trattato dello stesso dolore prodotto da quella caduta al caffeÌ?. L'idea mi parve buona e assentii.
+Egli mi prese per il braccio e, amorevolmente, mi fece rizzare. Poi, con ogni riguardo, sempre appoggiandomi, mi fece scendere la piccola erta. Quando fummo giuÌ?, dichiarai che mi sentivo un poco meglio e che credevo che, appoggiato a lui, avrei potuto procedere piuÌ? spedito. CosiÌ? si andava finalmente a letto! Poi era la prima vera grande soddisfazione che quel giorno mi fosse stata accordata. Egli lavorava per me, percheÌ? quasi mi portava. Ero io che finalmente gl'imponevo il mio volere.
+Trovammo una farmacia ancora aperta ed egli ebbe l'idea di mandarmi a letto accompagnato da un calmante. CostruiÌ? tutta una teoria sul dolore reale e sul sentimento esagerato dello stesso: un dolore si moltiplicava per l'esasperazione ch'esso stesso aveva prodotta. Con quella bottiglietta s'inizioÌ? la mia raccolta di medicinali, e fu giusto fosse stata scelta da Guido.
+Per dar base piuÌ? solida alla sua teoria, egli suppose ch'io avessi sofferto di quel dolore da molti giorni. Mi spiacque di non poter compiacerlo. Dichiarai che quella sera, in casa dei Malfenti, io non avevo sentito alcun dolore. Nel momento in cui m'era stata concessa la realizzazione del mio lungo sogno, evidentemente non avevo potuto soffrire.
+E per essere sincero volli proprio essere come avevo asserito ch'io fossi e dissi piuÌ? volte a me stesso: «Io amo Augusta, io non amo Ada. Amo Augusta e questa sera arrivai alla realizzazione del mio lungo sogno».
+CosiÌ? procedemmo nella notte lunare.
+Suppongo che Guido fosse affaticato dal mio peso, percheÌ? finalmente ammutoliÌ?. Mi propose peroÌ? di accompagnarmi fino a letto. Rifiutai e quando mi fu concesso di chiudere la porta di casa dietro di me, diedi un sospiro di sollievo. Ma certamente anche Guido dovette emettere lo stesso sospiro.
+Feci gli scalini della mia villa a quattro a quattro e in dieci minuti fui a letto. M'addormentai presto e, nel breve periodo che precede il sonno, non ricordai neÌ? Ada neÌ? Augusta, ma il solo Guido, cosiÌ? dolce e buono e paziente. Certo, non avevo dimenticato che poco prima avevo voluto ucciderlo, ma cioÌ? non aveva alcun'importanza percheÌ? le cose di cui nessuno sa e che non lasciarono delle tracce, non esistono.
+Il giorno seguente mi recai alla casa della mia sposa un po' titubante. Non ero sicuro se gl'impegni presi la sera prima avessero il valore ch'io credevo di dover conferire loro. Scopersi che l'avevano per tutti. Anche Augusta riteneva d'essersi fidanzata, anzi piuÌ? sicuramente di quanto lo credessi io.
+Fu un fidanzamento laborioso. Io ho il senso di averlo annullato varie volte e ricostituito con grande fatica e sono sorpreso che nessuno se ne sia accorto. Mai non ebbi la certezza d'avviarmi proprio al matrimonio, ma pare che tuttavia io mi sia comportato da fidanzato abbastanza amoroso. Infatti io baciavo e stringevo al seno la sorella di Ada ogni qualvolta ne avevo la possibilitaÌ?. Augusta subiva le mie aggressioni come credeva che una sposa dovesse ed io mi comportai relativamente bene, solo percheÌ? la signora Malfenti non ci lascioÌ? soli che per brevi istanti. La mia sposa era molto meno brutta di quanto avessi creduto, e la sua piuÌ? grande bellezza la scopersi baciandola: il suo rossore! LaÌ? dove baciavo sorgeva una fiamma in mio onore ed io baciavo piuÌ? con la curiositaÌ? dello sperimentatore che col fervore dell'amante.
+Ma il desiderio non mancoÌ? e rese un po' piuÌ? lieve quella grave epoca. Guai se Augusta e sua madre non m'avessero impedito di bruciare quella fiamma in una sola volta come io spesso ne avrei avuto il desiderio. Come si avrebbe continuato a vivere allora? Almeno cosiÌ? il mio desiderio continuoÌ? a darmi sulle scale di quella casa la stessa ansia come quando le salivo per andare alla conquista di Ada. Gli scalini dispari mi promettevano che quel giorno avrei potuto far vedere ad Augusta che cosa fosse il fidanzamento ch'essa aveva voluto. Sognavo un'azione violenta che m'avrebbe ridato tutto il sentimento della mia libertaÌ?. Non volevo mica altro io ed eÌ? ben strano che quando Augusta intese quello ch'io volevo, l'abbia interpretato quale un segno di febbre d'amore.
+Nel mio ricordo quel periodo si divide in due fasi. Nella prima la signora Malfenti ci faceva spesso sorvegliare da Alberta o cacciava nel salotto con noi la piccola Anna con una sua maestrina. Ada non fu allora mai associata in alcun modo a noi ed io dicevo a me stesso che dovevo compiacermene, mentre invece ricordo oscuramente di aver pensato una volta che sarebbe stata una bella soddisfazione per me di poter baciare Augusta in presenza di Ada. ChissaÌ? con quale violenza l'avrei fatto.
+La seconda fase s'inizioÌ? quando Guido ufficialmente si fidanzoÌ? con Ada e la signora Malfenti da quella pratica donna che era, uniÌ? le due coppie nello stesso salotto percheÌ? si sorvegliassero a vicenda.
+Della prima fase so che Augusta si diceva perfettamente soddisfatta di me. Quando non l'assaltavo, divenivo di una loquacitaÌ? straordinaria. La loquacitaÌ? era un mio bisogno. Me ne procurai l'opportunitaÌ? figgendomi in capo l'idea che giaccheÌ? dovevo sposare Augusta, dovessi anche imprenderne l'educazione. L'educavo alla dolcezza, all'affetto e sopra tutto alla fedeltaÌ?. Non ricordo esattamente la forma che davo alle mie prediche di cui taluna m'eÌ? ricordata da lei che giammai le oblioÌ?. M'ascoltava attenta e sommessa. Io, una volta, nella foga dell'insegnamento, proclamai che se essa avesse scoperto un mio tradimento, ne sarebbe conseguito il suo diritto di ripagarmi della stessa moneta. Essa, indignata, protestoÌ? che neppure col mio permesso avrebbe saputo tradirmi e che, da un mio tradimento, a lei non sarebbe risultata che la libertaÌ? di piangere.
+Io credo che tali prediche fatte per tutt'altro scopo che di dire qualche cosa, abbiano avuta una benefica influenza sul mio matrimonio. Di sincero v'era l'effetto ch'esse ebbero sull'animo di Augusta. La sua fedeltaÌ? non fu mai messa a prova percheÌ? dei miei tradimenti essa mai seppe nulla, ma il suo affetto e la sua dolcezza restarono inalterati nei lunghi anni che passammo insieme, proprio come l'avevo indotta a promettermelo.
+Quando Guido si promise, la seconda fase del mio fidanzamento s'inizioÌ? con un mio proponimento che fu espresso cosiÌ?: «Eccomi ben guarito del mio amore per Ada!». Fino ad allora avevo creduto che il rossore di Augusta fosse bastato per guarirmi, ma si vede che non si eÌ? mai guariti abbastanza! Il ricordo di quel rossore mi fece pensare ch'esso oramai ci sarebbe stato anche fra Guido e Ada. Questo, molto meglio di quell'altro, doveva abolire ogni mio desiderio.
+EÌ? della prima fase il desiderio di violare Augusta. Nella seconda fui molto meno eccitato. La signora Malfenti non aveva certo sbagliato organizzando cosiÌ? la nostra sorveglianza con tanto piccolo suo disturbo.
+Mi ricordo che una volta scherzando mi misi a baciare Augusta. Invece di scherzare con me, Guido si mise a sua volta a baciare Ada. Mi parve poco delicato da parte sua, percheÌ? egli non baciava castamente come avevo fatto io per riguardo a loro, ma baciava Ada proprio nella bocca che addirittura suggeva. Sono certo che in quell'epoca io m'ero giaÌ? assueffatto a considerare Ada quale una sorella, ma non ero preparato a vederne far uso a quel modo. Dubito anche che ad un vero fratello piacerebbe di veder manipolare cosiÌ? la sorella.
+PercioÌ?, in presenza di Guido, io non baciai mai piuÌ? Augusta. Invece Guido, in mia presenza, tentoÌ? un'altra volta di attirare a seÌ? Ada, ma fu dessa che se ne schermiÌ? ed egli non ripeteÌ? piuÌ? il tentativo.
+Molto confusamente mi ricordo delle tante e tante sere che passammo insieme. La scena che si ripeteÌ? all'infinito, s'impresse nella mia mente cosiÌ?: tutt'e quattro eravamo seduti intorno al fine tavolo veneziano su cui ardeva una grande lampada a petrolio coperta da uno schermo di stoffa verde che metteva tutto nell'ombra, meno i lavori di ricamo cui le due fanciulle attendevano, Ada su un fazzoletto di seta che teneva libero in mano, Augusta su un piccolo telaio rotondo.
+Vedo Guido perorare e dev'essere successo di spesso che sia stato io solo a dargli ragione. Mi ricordo ancora della testa di capelli neri lievemente ricciuti di Ada, rilevati da un effetto strano che vi produceva la luce gialla e verde.
+Si discusse di quella luce e anche del colore vero di quei capelli. Guido, che sapeva anche dipingere, ci spiegoÌ? come si dovesse analizzare un colore. Neppure questo suo insegnamento non dimenticai piuÌ? e ancora oggidiÌ?, quando voglio intendere meglio il colore di un paesaggio, socchiudo gli occhi fincheÌ? non spariscano molte linee e non si vedano che le sole luci che anch'esse s'abbrunano nel solo e vero colore. PeroÌ?, quando mi dedico ad un'analisi simile, sulla mia retina, subito dopo le immagini reali, quasi una reazione mia fisica, riappare la luce gialla e verde e i capelli bruni sui quali per la prima volta educai il mio occhio.
+Non so dimenticare una sera che fra tutte fu rilevata da un'espressione di gelosia di Augusta e subito dopo anche da una mia riprovevole indiscrezione. Per farci uno scherzo, Guido e Ada erano andati a sedere lontano da noi, dall'altra parte del salotto, al tavolo Luigi XIV. CosiÌ? io ebbi presto un dolore al collo che torcevo per parlare con loro. Augusta mi disse:
+Lasciali! LaÌ? si fa veramente all'amore.
+Ed io, con una grande inerzia di pensiero, le dissi a bassa voce che non doveva crederlo percheÌ? Guido non amava le donne. CosiÌ? m'era sembrato di scusarmi di essermi ingerito nei discorsi dei due amanti. Era invece una malvagia indiscrezione quella di riferire ad Augusta i discorsi sulle donne cui Guido s'abbandonava in mia compagnia, ma giammai in presenza di alcun altro della famiglia delle nostre spose. Il ricordo di quelle mie parole m'amareggioÌ? per varii giorni, mentre posso dire che il ricordo di aver voluto uccidere Guido non m'aveva turbato neppure per un'ora. Ma uccidere e sia pure a tradimento, eÌ? cosa piuÌ? virile che danneggiare un amico riferendo una sua confidenza.
+GiaÌ? allora Augusta aveva torto di essere gelosa di Ada. Non era per vedere Ada ch'io a quel modo torcevo il mio collo. Guido, con la sua loquacitaÌ?, m'aiutava a trascorrere quel lungo tempo. Io gli volevo giaÌ? bene e passavo una parte delle mie giornate con lui. Ero legato a lui anche dalla gratitudine che gli portavo per la considerazione in cui egli mi teneva e che comunicava agli altri. Persino Ada stava ora a sentirmi attentamente quando parlavo.
+Ogni sera aspettavo con una certa impazienza il suono del <I>gong</I> che ci chiamava a cena, e di quelle cene ricordo principalmente la mia perenne indigestione. Mangiavo troppo per un bisogno di tenermi attivo. A cena abbondavo di parole affettuose per Augusta; proprio quanto la mia bocca piena me lo permetteva, e i genitori suoi potevano aver solo la brutta impressione che il grande mio affetto fosse diminuito dalla mia bestiale voracitaÌ?. Si sorpresero che al mio ritorno dal viaggio di nozze non avessi riportato con me tanto appetito. SpariÌ? quando non si esigette piuÌ? da me di dimostrare una passione che non sentivo. Non eÌ? permesso di farsi veder freddo con la sposa dai suoi genitori nel momento in cui ci si accinge di andar a letto con essa! Augusta ricorda specialmente le affettuose parole che le mormoravo a quel tavolo.
+Fra boccone e boccone devo averne inventate di magnifiche e resto stupito, quando mi vengono ricordate, percheÌ? non mi sembrerebbero mie.
+Lo stesso mio suocero, Giovanni il furbo, si lascioÌ? ingannare e, fincheÌ? visse, quando voleva dare un esempio di una grande passione amorosa, citava la mia per sua figlia, cioeÌ? per Augusta. Ne sorrideva beato da quel buon padre ch'egli era, ma gliene derivava un aumento di disprezzo per me, percheÌ? secondo lui, non era un vero uomo colui che metteva tutto il proprio destino nelle mani di una donna e che sopra tutto non s'accorgeva che all'infuori della propria v'erano a questo mondo anche delle altre donne. Da cioÌ? si vede che non sempre fui giudicato con giustizia.
+Mia suocera, invece, non credette nel mio amore neppure quando la stessa Augusta vi si adagioÌ? piena di fiducia.
+Per lunghi anni essa mi squadroÌ? con occhio diffidente, dubbiosa del destino della figliuola sua prediletta. Anche per questa ragione io sono convinto ch'essa deve avermi guidato nei giorni che mi condussero al fidanzamento. Era impossibile d'ingannare anche lei che deve aver conosciuto il mio animo meglio di me stesso.
+Venne finalmente il giorno del mio matrimonio e proprio quel giorno ebbi un'ultima esitazione. Avrei dovuto essere dalla sposa alle otto del mattino, e invece alle sette e tre quarti mi trovavo ancora a letto fumando rabbiosamente e guardando la mia finestra su cui brillava, irridendo, il primo sole che durante quell'inverno fosse apparso. Meditavo di abbandonare Augusta! Diveniva evidente l'assurditaÌ? del mio matrimonio ora che non m'importava piuÌ? di restar attaccato ad Ada. Non sarebbero mica avvenute di grandi cose se io non mi fossi presentato all'appuntamento! Eppoi: Augusta era stata una sposa amabile, ma non si poteva mica sapere come si sarebbe comportata la dimane delle nozze. E se subito m'avesse dato della bestia percheÌ? m'ero lasciato prendere a quel modo?
+Per fortuna venne Guido, ed io, noncheÌ? resistere, mi scusai del mio ritardo asserendo di aver creduto che fosse stata stabilita un'altra ora per le nozze. Invece di rimproverarmi, Guido si mise a raccontare di seÌ? e delle tante volte ch'egli, per distrazione, aveva mancato a degli appuntamenti. Anche in fatto di distrazione egli voleva essere superiore a me e dovetti non dargli altro ascolto per arrivare a uscir di casa. CosiÌ? avvenne che andai al matrimonio a passo di corsa.
+Arrivai tuttavia molto tardi. Nessuno mi rimproveroÌ? e tutti meno la sposa s'accontentarono di certe spiegazioni che Guido diede in vece mia. Augusta era tanto pallida che persino le sue labbra erano livide. Se anche non potevo dire di amarla, pure eÌ? certo che non avrei voluto farle del male. Tentai di riparare e commisi la bestialitaÌ? d'attribuire al mio ritardo ben tre cause. Erano troppe e raccontavano con tanta chiarezza quello ch'io avevo meditato laÌ? nel mio letto, guardando il sole invernale, che si dovette ritardare la nostra partenza per la chiesa onde dar tempo ad Augusta di rimettersi.
+All'altare dissi di siÌ? distrattamente percheÌ? nella mia viva compassione per Augusta stavo escogitando una quarta spiegazione al mio ritardo e mi pareva la migliore di tutte.
+Invece, quando uscimmo dalla chiesa, m'accorsi che Augusta aveva ricuperati tutti i suoi colori. Ne ebbi una certa stizza percheÌ? quel mio siÌ? non avrebbe mica dovuto bastare a rassicurarla del mio amore. E mi preparavo a trattarla molto rudemente se si fosse rimessa da tanto da darmi della bestia percheÌ? m'ero lasciato prendere a quel modo. Invece, a casa sua, approfittoÌ? di un momento in cui ci lasciarono soli, per dirmi piangendo:
+Non dimenticheroÌ? mai che, pur non amandomi, mi sposasti.
+Io non protestai percheÌ? la cosa era stata tanto evidente che non si poteva. Ma, pieno di compassione, l'abbracciai.
+Poi di tutto questo non si parloÌ? piuÌ? fra me ed Augusta percheÌ? il matrimonio eÌ? una cosa ben piuÌ? semplice del fidanzamento. Una volta sposati non si discute piuÌ? d'amore e, quando si sente il bisogno di dirne, l'animalitaÌ? interviene presto a rifare il silenzio. Ora tale animalitaÌ? puoÌ? essere divenuta tanto umana da complicarsi e falsificarsi ed avviene che, chinandosi su una capigliatura femminile, si faccia anche lo sforzo di evocarvi una luce che non c'eÌ?. Si chiudono gli occhi e la donna diventa un'altra per ridivenire lei quando la si abbandona. A lei s'indirizza tutta la gratitudine e maggiore ancora se lo sforzo riusciÌ?. EÌ? per questo che se io avessi da nascere un'altra volta (madre natura eÌ? capace di tutto!) accetterei di sposare Augusta, ma mai di promettermi con lei.
+Alla stazione Ada mi porse la guancia al bacio fraterno. Io la vidi solo allora, frastornato com'ero dalla tanta gente ch'era venuta ad accompagnarci e subito pensai: «Sei proprio tu che mi cacciasti in questi panni!» Avvicinai le mie labbra alla sua guancia vellutata badando di non sfiorarla neppure. Fu la prima soddisfazione di quel giorno, percheÌ? per un istante sentii quale vantaggio mi derivasse dal mio matrimonio: m'ero vendicato rifiutando d'approfittare dell'unica occasione che m'era stata offerta di baciare Ada! Poi, mentre il treno correva, seduto accanto ad Augusta, dubitai di non aver fatto bene. Temevo ne fosse compromessa la mia amicizia con Guido. PeroÌ? soffrivo di piuÌ? quando pensavo che forse Ada non s'era neppure accorta che non avevo baciata la guancia che mi aveva offerta.
+Essa se ne era accorta, ma io non lo seppi che quando, a sua volta, molti mesi dopo, partiÌ? con Guido da quella stessa stazione. Tutti essa bacioÌ?. A me solo offerse con grande cordialitaÌ? la mano. Io gliela strinsi freddamente. La sua vendetta arrivava proprio in ritardo percheÌ? le circostanze erano del tutto mutate. Dal ritorno dal mio viaggio di nozze avevamo avuti dei rapporti fraterni e non si poteva spiegare percheÌ? mi avesse escluso dal bacio.
+Moglie e amante.Nella mia vita ci furono varii periodi in cui credetti di essere avviato alla salute e alla felicitaÌ?. Mai peroÌ? tale fede fu tanto forte come nel tempo in cui duroÌ? il mio viaggio di nozze eppoi qualche settimana dopo il nostro ritorno a casa. ComincioÌ? con una scoperta che mi stupiÌ?: io amavo Augusta com'essa amava me. Dapprima diffidente, godevo intanto di una giornata e m'aspettavo che la seguente fosse tutt'altra cosa. Ma una seguiva e somigliava all'altra, luminosa, tutta gentilezza di Augusta ed anche - cioÌ? ch'era la sorpresa - mia. Ogni mattina ritrovavo in lei lo stesso commosso affetto e in me la stessa riconoscenza che, se non era amore, vi somigliava molto. Chi avrebbe potuto prevederlo quando avevo zoppicato da Ada ad Alberta per arrivare ad Augusta? Scoprivo di essere stato non un bestione cieco diretto da altri, ma un uomo abilissimo. E vedendomi stupito, Augusta mi diceva:
+Ma percheÌ? ti sorprendi? Non sapevi che il matrimonio eÌ? fatto cosiÌ?? Lo sapevo pur io che sono tanto piuÌ? ignorante di te!
+Non so piuÌ? se dopo o prima dell'affetto, nel mio animo si formoÌ? una speranza, la grande speranza di poter finire col somigliare ad Augusta ch'era la salute personificata. Durante il fidanzamento io non avevo neppur intravvista quella salute, percheÌ? tutto immerso a studiare me in primo luogo eppoi Ada e Guido. La lampada a petrolio in quel salotto non era mai arrivata ad illuminare gli scarsi capelli di Augusta.
+Altro che il suo rossore! Quando questo sparve con la semplicitaÌ? con cui i colori dell'aurora spariscono alla luce diretta del sole, Augusta batteÌ? sicura la via per cui erano passate le sue sorelle su questa terra, quelle sorelle che possono trovare tutto nella legge e nell'ordine o che altrimenti a tutto rinunziano. Per quanto la sapessi mal fondata percheÌ? basata su di me, io amavo, io adoravo quella sicurezza. Di fronte ad essa io dovevo comportarmi almeno con la modestia che usavo quando si trattava di spiritismo. Questo poteva essere e poteva percioÌ? esistere anche la fede nella vita.
+PeroÌ? mi sbalordiva; da ogni sua parola, da ogni suo atto risultava che in fondo essa credeva la vita eterna. Non che la dicessi tale: si sorprese anzi che una volta io, cui gli errori ripugnavano prima che non avessi amati i suoi, avessi sentito il bisogno di ricordargliene la brevitaÌ?. MaccheÌ?! Essa sapeva che tutti dovevano morire, ma cioÌ? non toglieva che oramai ch'eravamo sposati, si sarebbe rimasti insieme, insieme, insieme. Essa dunque ignorava che quando a questo mondo ci si univa, cioÌ? avveniva per un periodo tanto breve, breve, breve, che non s'intendeva come si fosse arrivati a darsi del tu dopo di non essersi conosciuti per un tempo infinito e pronti a non rivedersi mai piuÌ? per un altro infinito tempo. Compresi finalmente che cosa fosse la perfetta salute umana quando indovinai che il presente per lei era una veritaÌ? tangibile in cui si poteva segregarsi e starci caldi. Cercai di esservi ammesso e tentai di soggiornarvi risoluto di non deridere me e lei,
percheÌ? questo conato non poteva essere altro che la mia malattia ed io dovevo almeno guardarmi dall'infettare chi a me s'era confidato.
+Anche percioÌ?, nello sforzo di proteggere lei, seppi per qualche tempo movermi come un uomo sano.
+Essa sapeva tutte le cose che fanno disperare, ma in mano sua queste cose cambiavano di natura. Se anche la terra girava non occorreva mica avere il mal di mare! Tutt'altro! La terra girava, ma tutte le altre cose restavano al loro posto. E queste cose immobili avevano un'importanza enorme: l'anello di matrimonio, tutte le gemme e i vestiti, il verde, il nero, quello da passeggio che andava in armadio quando si arrivava a casa e quello di sera che in nessun caso si avrebbe potuto indossare di giorno, neÌ? quando io non m'adattavo di mettermi in marsina. E le ore dei pasti erano tenute rigidamente e anche quelle del sonno. Esistevano, quelle ore, e si trovavano sempre al loro posto.
+Di domenica essa andava a Messa ed io ve l'accompagnai talvolta per vedere come sopportasse l'immagine del dolore e della morte. Per lei non c'era, e quella visita le infondeva serenitaÌ? per tutta la settimana. Vi andava anche in certi giorni festivi ch'essa sapeva a mente. Niente di piuÌ?, mentre se io fossi stato religioso mi sarei garantita la beatitudine stando in chiesa tutto il giorno.
+C'erano un mondo di autoritaÌ? anche quaggiuÌ? che la rassicuravano. Intanto quella austriaca o italiana che provvedeva alla sicurezza sulle vie e nelle case ed io feci sempre del mio meglio per associarmi anche a quel suo rispetto. Poi v'erano i medici, quelli che avevano fatto tutti gli studii regolari per salvarci quando - Dio non voglia - ci avesse a toccare qualche malattia. Io ne usavo ogni giorno di quell'autoritaÌ?: lei, invece, mai. Ma percioÌ? io sapevo il mio atroce destino quando la malattia mortale m'avesse raggiunto, mentre lei credeva che anche allora, appoggiata solidamente lassuÌ? e quaggiuÌ?, per lei vi sarebbe stata la salvezza.
+Io sto analizzando la sua salute, ma non ci riesco percheÌ? m'accorgo che, analizzandola, la converto in malattia. E, scrivendone, comincio a dubitare se quella salute non avesse avuto bisogno di cura o d'istruzione per guarire. Ma vivendole accanto per tanti anni, mai ebbi tale dubbio.
+Quale importanza m'era attribuita in quel suo piccolo mondo! Dovevo dire la mia volontaÌ? ad ogni proposito, per la scelta dei cibi e delle vesti, delle compagnie e delle letture. Ero costretto ad una grande attivitaÌ? che non mi seccava. Stavo collaborando alla costruzione di una famiglia patriarcale e diventavo io stesso il patriarca che avevo odiato e che ora m'appariva quale il segnacolo della salute. EÌ? tutt'altra cosa essere il patriarca o dover venerare un altro che s'arroghi tale dignitaÌ?. Io volevo la salute per me a costo d'appioppare ai non patriarchi la malattia, e, specialmente durante il viaggio, assunsi talvolta volentieri l'atteggiamento di statua equestre.
+Ma giaÌ? in viaggio non mi fu sempre facile l'imitazione che m'ero proposta. Augusta voleva veder tutto come se si fosse trovata in un viaggio d'istruzione. Non bastava mica essere stati a palazzo Pitti, ma bisognava passare per tutte quelle innumerevoli sale, fermandosi almeno per qualche istante dinanzi ad ogni opera d'arte.
+Io rifiutai d'abbandonare la prima sala e non vidi altro, addossandomi la sola fatica di trovare dei pretesti alla mia infingardaggine. Passai una mezza giornata dinanzi ai ritratti dei fondatori di casa Medici e scopersi che somigliavano a Carnegie e Vanderbilt. Meraviglioso! Eppure erano della mia razza! Augusta non divideva la mia meraviglia. Sapeva che cosa fossero i <I>Yankees</I>, ma non ancora bene chi fossi io.
+Qui la sua salute non la vinse ed essa dovette rinunziare ai musei. Le raccontai che una volta al Louvre, m'imbizzarrii talmente in mezzo a tante opere d'arte, che fui in procinto di mandare in pezzi la Venere. Rassegnata, Augusta disse:
+Meno male che i musei si incontrano in viaggio di nozze eppoi mai piuÌ?!
+Infatti nella vita manca la monotonia dei musei. Passano i giorni capaci di cornice, ma sono ricchi di suoni che frastornano eppoi oltre che di linee e di colori anche di vera luce, di quella che scotta e percioÌ? non annoia.
+La salute spinge all'attivitaÌ? e ad addossarsi un mondo di seccature. Chiusi i musei, cominciarono gli acquisti. Essa, che non vi aveva mai abitato, conosceva la nostra villa meglio di me e sapeva che in una stanza mancava uno specchio, in un'altra un tappeto e che in una terza v'era il posto per una statuina. ComperoÌ? i mobili di un intero salotto e, da ogni cittaÌ? in cui soggiornammo, fu organizzata almeno una spedizione. A me pareva che sarebbe stato piuÌ? opportuno e meno fastidioso di fare tutti quegli acquisti a Trieste. Ecco che dovevamo pensare alla spedizione, all'assicurazione e alle operazioni doganali.
+Ma tu non sai che tutte le merci devono viaggiare? Non sei un negoziante, tu? - E rise.
+Aveva quasi ragione. Obbiettai:
+Le merci si fanno viaggiare per vendere e guadagnare! Mancando quello scopo si lasciano tranquille e si sta tranquilli!
+Ma l'intraprendenza era una delle cose che in lei piuÌ? amavo. Era deliziosa quell'intraprendenza cosiÌ? ingenua! Ingenua percheÌ? bisogna ignorare la storia del mondo per poter credere di aver fatto un buon affare col solo acquisto di un oggetto: eÌ? alla vendita che si giudica l'accortezza dell'acquisto.
+Credevo di trovarmi in piena convalescenza. Le mie lesioni s'erano fatte meno velenose. Fu da allora che l'atteggiamento mio immutabile fu di lietezza. Era come un impegno che in quei giorni indimenticabili avessi preso con Augusta e fu l'unica fede che non violai che per brevi istanti, quando cioeÌ? la vita rise piuÌ? forte di me. La nostra fu e rimase una relazione sorridente percheÌ? io sorrisi sempre di lei, che credevo non sapesse e lei di me, cui attribuiva molta scienza e molti errori ch'essa - cosiÌ? si lusingava - avrebbe corretti. Io rimasi apparentemente lieto anche quando la malattia mi riprese intero. Lieto come se il mio dolore fosse stato sentito da me quale un solletico.
+Nel lungo cammino traverso l'Italia, ad onta della mia nuova salute, non andai immune da molte sofferenze. Eravamo partiti senza lettere di raccomandazione e, spessissimo, a me parve che molti degl'ignoti fra cui ci movevamo, mi fossero nemici. Era una paura ridicola, ma non sapevo vincerla.
+Potevo essere assaltato, insultato e sopra tutto calunniato, e chi avrebbe potuto proteggermi?
+Ci fu anche una vera crisi di questa paura della quale per fortuna nessuno, neppur Augusta, s'accorse. Usavo prendere quasi tutti i giornali che m'erano offerti sulla via. Fermatomi un giorno davanti al banco di un giornalaio, mi venne il dubbio, ch'egli, per odio, avrebbe potuto facilmente farmi arrestare come un ladro avendo io preso da lui un solo giornale e tenendone molti, sotto il braccio, comperati altrove e neppure aperti. Corsi via seguito da Augusta a cui non dissi la ragione della mia fretta.
+Mi legai d'amicizia con un vetturino e un cicerone in compagnia dei quali ero almeno sicuro di non poter essere accusato di furti ridicoli.
+Fra me e il vetturino c'era qualche evidente punto di contatto. Egli amava molto i vini dei Castelli e mi raccontoÌ? che ad ogni tratto gli si gonfiavano i piedi. Andava allora all'ospedale e, guarito, ne veniva congedato con molte raccomandazioni di rinunziare al vino. Egli allora faceva un proposito che diceva ferreo percheÌ?, per materializzarlo, lo accompagnava con un nodo ch'egli allacciava alla catena di metallo del suo orologio. Ma quando io lo conobbi la sua catena gli pendeva sul panciotto, senza nodo. Lo invitai di venir a stare con me a Trieste. Gli descrissi il sapore del nostro vino, tanto differente da quello del suo, per assicurarlo dell'esito della drastica cura. Non ne volle sapere e rifiutoÌ? con una faccia in cui v'era giaÌ? stampata la nostalgia.
+Col cicerone mi legai percheÌ? mi parve fosse superiore ai suoi colleghi. Non eÌ? difficile sapere di storia molto piuÌ? di me, ma anche Augusta con la sua esattezza e col suo <I>Baedeker</I> verificoÌ? l'esattezza di molte sue indicazioni. Intanto era giovine e si andava di corsa traverso i viali seminati di statue.
+Quando perdetti quei due amici, abbandonai Roma. Il vetturino avendo avuto da me tanto denaro, mi fece vedere come il vino gli attaccasse qualche volta anche la testa e ci gettoÌ? contro una solidissima antica costruzione Romana. Il cicerone poi si pensoÌ? un giorno di asserire che gli antichi Romani conoscevano benissimo la forza elettrica e ne facessero largo uso. DeclamoÌ? anche dei versi latini che dovevano farne fede.
+Ma mi colse allora un'altra piccola malattia da cui non dovevo piuÌ? guarire. Una cosa da niente: la paura d'invecchiare e sopra tutto la paura di morire. Io credo abbia avuto origine da una speciale forma di gelosia. L'invecchiamento mi faceva paura solo percheÌ? m'avvicinava alla morte. FincheÌ? ero vivo, certamente Augusta non m'avrebbe tradito, ma mi figuravo che non appena morto e sepolto, dopo di aver provveduto accheÌ? la mia tomba fosse tenuta in pieno ordine e mi fossero dette le Messe necessarie, subito essa si sarebbe guardata d'intorno per darmi il successore ch'essa avrebbe circondato del medesimo mondo sano e regolato che ora beava me. Non poteva mica morire la sua bella salute percheÌ? ero morto io. Avevo una tale fede in quella salute che mi pareva non potesse perire che sfracellata sotto un intero treno in corsa.
+Mi ricordo che una sera, a Venezia, si passava in gondola per uno di quei canali dal silenzio profondo ad ogni tratto interrotto dalla luce e dal rumore di una via che su di esso improvvisamente s'apre.
+Augusta, come sempre, guardava le cose e accuratamente le registrava: un giardino verde e fresco che sorgeva da una base sucida lasciata all'aria dall'acqua che s'era ritirata; un campanile che si rifletteva nell'acqua torbida; una viuzza lunga e oscura con in fondo un fiume di luce e di gente. Io, invece, nell'oscuritaÌ?, sentivo, con pieno sconforto, me stesso. Le dissi del tempo che andava via e che presto essa avrebbe rifatto quel viaggio di nozze con un altro. Io ne ero tanto sicuro che mi pareva di dirle una storia giaÌ? avvenuta. E mi parve fuori di posto ch'essa si mettesse a piangere per negare la veritaÌ? di quella storia. Forse m'aveva capito male e credeva io le avessi attribuita l'intenzione di uccidermi. Tutt'altro! Per spiegarmi meglio le descrissi un mio eventuale modo di morire: le mie gambe, nelle quali la circolazione era certamente giaÌ? povera, si sarebbero incancrenite e la cancrena dilatata, dilatata, sarebbe giunta a toccare un organo qualunque, indis
pensabile per poter tener aperti gli occhi. Allora li avrei chiusi, e addio patriarca! Sarebbe stato necessario stamparne un altro.
+Essa continuoÌ? a singhiozzare e a me quel suo pianto, nella tristezza enorme di quel canale, parve molto importante. Era forse provocato dalla disperazione per la visione esatta di quella sua salute atroce? Allora tutta l'umanitaÌ? avrebbe singhiozzato in quel pianto. Poi, invece, seppi ch'essa neppur sapeva come fosse fatta la salute. La salute non analizza se stessa e neppur si guarda nello specchio. Solo noi malati sappiamo qualche cosa di noi stessi.
+Fu allora ch'essa mi raccontoÌ? di avermi amato prima di avermi conosciuto. M'aveva amato daccheÌ? aveva sentito il mio nome, presentato da suo padre in questa forma: Zeno Cosini, un ingenuo, che faceva tanto d'occhi quando sentiva parlare di qualunque accorgimento commerciale e s'affrettava a prenderne nota in un libro di comandamenti, che peroÌ? smarriva. E se io non m'ero accorto della sua confusione al nostro primo incontro, cioÌ? doveva far credere che fossi stato confuso anch'io.
+Mi ricordai che al vedere Augusta ero stato distratto dalla sua bruttezza visto che m'ero atteso di trovare in quella casa le quattro fanciulle dall'iniziale in a tutte bellissime. Apprendevo ora ch'essa m'amava da molto tempo, ma che cosa provava cioÌ?? Non le diedi la soddisfazione di ricredermi. Quando fossi stato morto, essa ne avrebbe preso un altro. Mitigato il pianto, essa s'appoggioÌ? ancora meglio a me e, subito ridendo, mi domandoÌ?:
+Dove troverei il tuo successore? Non vedi come sono brutta?
+Infatti, probabilmente, mi sarebbe stato concesso qualche tempo di putrefazione tranquilla.
+Ma la paura d'invecchiare non mi lascioÌ? piuÌ?, sempre per la paura di consegnare ad altri mia moglie. Non s'attenuoÌ? la paura quando la tradii e non s'accrebbe neppure per il pensiero di perdere nello stesso modo l'amante. Era tutt'altra cosa, che non aveva niente a che fare con l'altra. Quando la paura di morire m'assillava, mi rivolgevo ad Augusta per averne conforto come quei bambini che porgono al bacio della mamma la manina ferita.
+Essa trovava sempre delle nuove parole per confortarmi. In viaggio di nozze m'attribuiva ancora trent'anni di gioventuÌ? ed oggidiÌ? altrettanti. Io invece sapevo che giaÌ? le settimane di gioia del viaggio di nozze m'avevano sensibilmente accostato alle smorfie orribili dell'agonia. Augusta poteva dire quello che voleva, il conto era presto fatto: ogni settimana io mi vi accostavo di una settimana.
+Quando m'accorsi di esser colto troppo spesso dallo stesso dolore, evitai di stancarla col dirle sempre le stesse cose e, per avvertirla del mio bisogno di conforto, bastoÌ? mormorassi: «Povero Cosini!». Ella sapeva allora esattamente cosa mi turbava e accorreva a coprirmi del suo grande affetto. CosiÌ? riuscii ad avere il suo conforto anche quand'ebbi tutt'altri dolori. Un giorno, ammalato dal dolore di averla tradita, mormorai per svista: «Povero Cosini!». Ne ebbi gran vantaggio percheÌ? anche allora il suo conforto mi fu prezioso.
+Ritornato dal viaggio di nozze, ebbi la sorpresa di non aver mai abitata una casa tanto comoda e calda. Augusta v'introdusse tutte le comoditaÌ? che aveva avute nella propria, ma anche molte altre ch'essa stessa inventoÌ?. La stanza da bagno, che a memoria d'uomo era stata sempre in fondo a un corridoio a mezzo chilometro dalla mia stanza da letto, si accostoÌ? alla nostra e fu fornita di un numero maggiore di getti d'acqua. Poi una stanzuccia accanto al tinello fu convertita in stanza da caffeÌ?. Imbottita di tappeti e addobbata da grandi poltrone in pelle, vi soggiornavamo ogni giorno per un'oretta dopo colazione. Contro mia voglia, vi era tutto il necessario per fumare. Anche il mio piccolo studio, per quanto io lo difendessi, subiÌ? delle modificazioni. Io temevo che i mutamenti me lo rendessero odioso e invece subito m'accorsi che solo allora era possibile viverci. Essa dispose la sua illuminazione in modo che potevo leggere seduto al tavolo, sdraiato sulla poltrona o c
oricato sul sofaÌ?. Persino per il violino fu provveduto un leggio con la sua brava lampadina che illuminava la musica senza ferire gli occhi. Anche colaÌ?, e contro mia voglia, fui accompagnato da tutti gli ordigni necessarii per fumare tranquillamente.
+PercioÌ? in casa si costruiva molto e c'era qualche disordine che diminuiva la nostra quiete. Per lei, che lavorava per l'eternitaÌ?, il breve incomodo poteva non importare, ma per me la cosa era ben diversa. Mi opposi energicamente quando le venne il desiderio d'impiantare nel nostro giardino una piccola lavanderia che implicava addirittura la costruzione di una casuccia. Augusta asseriva che la lavanderia in casa era una garanzia della salute dei <I>beÌ?beÌ?s</I>. Ma intanto i <I>beÌ?beÌ?s</I> non c'erano ed io non vedevo alcuna necessitaÌ? di lasciarmi incomodare da loro prima ancora che arrivassero. Ella invece portava nella mia vecchia casa un istinto che veniva dall'aria aperta, e, in amore, somigliava alla rondinella che subito pensa al nido.
+Ma anch'io facevo all'amore e portavo a casa fiori e gemme. La mia vita fu del tutto mutata dal mio matrimonio. Rinunziai, dopo un debole tentativo di resistenza, a disporre a mio piacere del mio tempo e m'acconciai al piuÌ? rigido orario.
+Sotto questo riguardo la mia educazione ebbe un esito splendido. Un giorno, subito dopo il nostro viaggio di nozze, mi lasciai innocentemente trattenere dall'andar a casa a colazione e, dopo di aver mangiato qualche cosa in un <I>bar</I>, restai fuori fino alla sera. Rientrato a notte fatta, trovai che Augusta non aveva fatto colazione ed era disfatta dalla fame. Non mi fece alcun rimprovero, ma non si lascioÌ? convincere d'aver fatto male. Dolcemente, ma risoluta, dichiaroÌ? che se non fosse stata avvisata prima, m'avrebbe atteso per la colazione fino all'ora del pranzo. Non c'era da scherzare! Un'altra volta mi lasciai indurre da un amico a restar fuori di casa fino alle due di notte. Trovai Augusta che m'aspettava e che batteva i denti dal freddo avendo trascurata la stufa. Ne seguiÌ? anche una sua lieve indisposizione che rese indimenticabile la lezione inflittami.
+Un giorno volli farle un altro grande regalo: lavorare! Essa lo desiderava ed io stesso pensavo che il lavoro sarebbe stato utile per la mia salute. Si capisce che eÌ? meno malato chi ha poco tempo per esserlo. Andai al lavoro e, se non vi restai, non fu davvero colpa mia. Vi andai coi migliori propositi e con vera umiltaÌ?. Non reclamai di partecipare alla direzione degli affari e domandai invece di tenere intanto il libro mastro. Davanti al grosso libro in cui le scritturazioni erano disposte con la regolaritaÌ? di strade e case, mi sentii pieno di rispetto e cominciai a scrivere con mano tremante.
+Il figliuolo dell'Olivi, un giovinotto sobriamente elegante, occhialuto, dotto di tutte le scienze commerciali, assunse la mia istruzione e di lui davvero non ho da lagnarmi. Mi diede qualche seccatura con la sua scienza economica e la teoria della domanda e dell'offerta che a me pareva piuÌ? evidente di quanto egli non volesse ammettere. Ma si vedeva in lui un certo rispetto per il padrone, ed io gliene ero tanto piuÌ? grato in quanto non era ammissibile che l'avesse appreso da suo padre. Il rispetto della proprietaÌ? doveva far parte della sua scienza economica. Non mi rimproveroÌ? giammai gli errori di registrazione che spesso facevo; solo era incline ad attribuirli ad ignoranza e mi dava delle spiegazioni che veramente erano superflue.
+Il male si eÌ? che a forza di guardare gli affari, mi venne la voglia di farne. Nel libro, con grande chiarezza, arrivai a raffigurare la mia tasca e quando registravo un importo nel «dare» dei clienti mi pareva di tener in mano invece della penna il bastoncino del <I>croupier</I> che raccoglie i denari sparsi sul tavolo da giuoco.
+Il giovine Olivi mi faceva anche vedere la posta che arrivava ed io la leggevo con attenzione e - devo dirlo - in principio con la speranza d'intenderla meglio degli altri. Un'offerta comunissima conquistoÌ? un giorno la mia attenzione appassionata. Anche prima di leggerla sentii moversi nel mio petto qualche cosa che subito riconobbi come l'oscuro presentimento che talvolta veniva a trovarmi al tavolo da giuoco. EÌ? difficile descrivere tale presentimento. Esso consiste in una certa dilatazione dei polmoni per cui si respira con voluttaÌ? l'aria per quanto sia affumicata.
+Ma poi c'eÌ? di piuÌ?: sapete subito che quando avrete raddoppiata la posta starete ancora meglio. PeroÌ? ci vuole della pratica per intendere tutto questo. Bisogna essersi allontanati dal tavolo da giuoco con le tasche vuote e il dolore di averlo trascurato; allora non sfugge piuÌ?. E quando lo si ha trascurato, non c'eÌ? piuÌ? salvezza per quel giorno percheÌ? le carte si vendicano. PeroÌ? al tavolo verde eÌ? assai piuÌ? perdonabile di non averlo sentito che dinanzi al tranquillo libro mastro, ed infatti io lo percepii chiaramente, mentre gridava in me: «Compera subito quella frutta secca!».
+Ne parlai con tutta mitezza all'Olivi, naturalmente senza accennare della mia ispirazione. L'Olivi rispose che quegli affari non li faceva che per conto di terzi quando poteva realizzare un piccolo beneficio. CosiÌ? egli eliminava dai miei affari la possibilitaÌ? dell'ispirazione e la riservava ai terzi.
+La notte rafforzoÌ? la mia convinzione: il presentimento era dunque in me. Respiravo tanto bene da non poter dormire. Augusta sentiÌ? la mia inquietudine e dovetti dirgliene la ragione. Essa ebbe subito la mia stessa ispirazione e nel sonno arrivoÌ? a mormorare
+Non sei forse il padrone?
+Vero eÌ? che alla mattina, prima che uscissi, mi disse impensierita:
+A te non conviene d'indispettire l'Olivi. Vuoi che ne parli al babbo?
+Non lo volli percheÌ? sapevo che anche Giovanni dava assai poco peso alle ispirazioni.
+Arrivai all'ufficio ben deciso di battermi per la mia idea anche per vendicarmi dell'insonnia sofferta. La battaglia duroÌ? fino a mezzodiÌ? quando spirava il termine utile per accettare l'offerta. L'Olivi restoÌ? irremovibile e mi saldoÌ? con la solita osservazione:
+Lei vuole forse diminuire le facoltaÌ? attribuitemi dal defunto suo padre?
+Risentito, ritornai per il momento al mio mastro, ben deciso di non ingerirmi piuÌ? di affari. Ma il sapore dell'uva sultanina mi restoÌ? in bocca ed ogni giorno al Tergesteo m'informavo del suo prezzo. Di altro non m'importava. SaliÌ? lento, lento come se avesse avuto bisogno di raccogliersi per prendere lo slancio. Poi in un giorno solo fu un balzo formidabile in alto. Il raccolto era stato miserabile e lo si sapeva appena ora. Strana cosa l'ispirazione! Essa non aveva previsto il raccolto scarso ma solo l'aumento di prezzo.
+Le carte si vendicarono. Intanto io non sapevo restare al mio mastro e perdetti ogni rispetto per i miei insegnanti, tanto piuÌ? che ora l'Olivi non pareva tanto sicuro di aver fatto bene. Io risi e derisi; fu la mia occupazione principale.
+ArrivoÌ? una seconda offerta dal prezzo quasi raddoppiato. L'Olivi, per rabbonirmi, mi domandoÌ? consiglio ed io, trionfante, dissi che non avrei mangiata l'uva a quel prezzo. L'Olivi, offeso, mormoroÌ?:
+Io m'attengo al sistema che seguii per tutta la mia vita.
+E andoÌ? in cerca del compratore. Ne trovoÌ? uno per un quantitativo molto ridotto e, sempre con le migliori intenzioni, ritornoÌ? da me e mi domandoÌ? esitante:
+La copro, questa piccola vendita?
+Risposi, sempre cattivo:
+Io l'avrei coperta prima di farla.
+FiniÌ? che l'Olivi perdette la forza della propria convinzione e lascioÌ? la vendita scoperta.
+Le uve continuarono a salire e noi si perdette tutto quello che sul piccolo quantitativo si poteva perdere.
+Ma l'Olivi si arrabbioÌ? con me e dichiaroÌ? che aveva giuocato solo per compiacermi. Il furbo dimenticava che io l'avevo consigliato di puntare sul rosso e ch'egli, per farmela, aveva puntato sul nero. La nostra lite fu insanabile. L'Olivi s'appelloÌ? a mio suocero dicendogli che fra lui e me la ditta sarebbe stata sempre danneggiata, e che se la mia famiglia lo desiderava, egli e suo figlio si sarebbero ritirati per lasciarmi il campo libero. Mio suocero decise subito in favore dell'Olivi. Mi disse:
+L'affare della frutta secca eÌ? troppo istruttivo. Siete due uomini che non potete stare insieme. Ora chi ha da ritirarsi? Chi senza l'altro avrebbe fatto un solo buon affare, o chi da mezzo secolo dirige da solo la casa?
+Anche Augusta fu indotta dal padre a convincermi di non ingerirmi piuÌ? nei miei propri affari.
+Pare che la tua bontaÌ? e la tua ingenuitaÌ? - mi disse - ti rendano disadatto agli affari. Resta a casa con me.
+Io, irato, mi ritirai nella mia tenda, ossia nel mio studiolo. Per qualche tempo leggiucchiai e suonai, poi sentii il desiderio di una attivitaÌ? piuÌ? seria e poco mancoÌ? non ritornassi alla chimica eppoi alla giurisprudenza. Infine, e non so veramente percheÌ?, per qualche tempo mi dedicai agli studi di religione. Mi parve di riprendere lo studio che avevo iniziato alla morte di mio padre. Forse questa volta fu per un tentativo energico di avvicinarmi ad Augusta e alla sua salute. Non bastava andare a messa con lei; io dovevo andarci altrimenti, leggendo cioeÌ? Renan e Strauss, il primo con diletto, il secondo sopportandolo come una punizione. Ne dico qui solo per rilevare quale grande desiderio m'attaccasse ad Augusta. E lei questo desiderio non indovinoÌ? quando mi vide nelle mani i Vangeli in edizione critica. Preferiva l'indifferenza alla scienza e cosiÌ? non seppe apprezzare il massimo segno d'affetto che le avevo dato. Quando, come soleva, interrompendo la sua <I>to
ilette</I> o le sue occupazioni in casa, s'affacciava alla porta della mia stanza per dirmi una parola di saluto, vedendomi chino su quei testi, torceva la bocca:
+Sei ancora con quella roba?
+La religione di cui Augusta abbisognava non esigeva del tempo per acquisirsi o per praticarsi. Un inchino e l'immediato ritorno alla vita! Nulla di piuÌ?. Da me la religione acquistava tutt'altro aspetto. Se avessi avuto la fede vera, io a questo mondo non avrei avuto che quella.
+Poi nella mia stanzetta magnificamente organizzata venne talvolta la noia. Era piuttosto un'ansia percheÌ? proprio allora mi pareva di sentirmi la forza di lavorare, ma stavo aspettando che la vita m'avesse imposto qualche compito. Nell'attesa uscivo frequentemente e passavo molte ore al Tergesteo o in qualche caffeÌ?.
+Vivevo in una simulazione di attivitaÌ?. Un'attivitaÌ? noiosissima.
+La visita di un amico d'UniversitaÌ?, che aveva dovuto rimpatriare in tutta furia da un piccolo paese della Stiria per curarsi di una grave malattia, fu la mia Nemesi, bencheÌ? non ne avesse avuto l'aspetto. ArrivoÌ? a me dopo di aver fatto a Trieste un mese di letto ch'era valso a convertire la sua malattia, una nefrite, da acuta in cronica e probabilmente inguaribile.
+Ma egli credeva di star meglio e s'apprestava lietamente a trasferirsi subito, durante la primavera, in qualche luogo dal clima piuÌ? dolce del nostro, dove s'aspettava di essere restituito alla piena salute. Gli fu fatale forse di essersi indugiato troppo nel rude luogo natio.
+Io considero la visita di quell'uomo tanto malato, ma lieto e sorridente, come molto nefasta per me; ma forse ho torto: essa non segna che una data nella mia vita, per la quale bisognava pur passare.
+Il mio amico, Enrico Copler, si stupiÌ? ch'io nulla avessi saputo neÌ? di lui neÌ? della sua malattia di cui Giovanni doveva essere informato. Ma Giovanni, daccheÌ? era malato anche lui, non aveva tempo per nessuno e non me ne aveva detto niente ad onta che ogni giorno di sole venisse nella mia villa per dormire qualche ora all'aria aperta.
+Fra' due malati si passoÌ? un pomeriggio lietissimo. Si parloÌ? delle loro malattie, cioÌ? che costituisce il massimo svago per un malato ed eÌ? una cosa non troppo triste per i sani che stanno a sentire. Ci fu solo un dissenso percheÌ? Giovanni aveva bisogno dell'aria aperta che all'altro era proibita. Il dissenso si dileguoÌ? quando si levoÌ? un po' di vento che indusse anche Giovanni di restare con noi, nella piccola stanza calda.
+Il Copler ci raccontoÌ? della sua malattia che non dava dolore ma toglieva la forza. Soltanto ora che stava meglio sapeva quanto fosse stato malato. ParloÌ? delle medicine che gli erano state propinate e allora il mio interesse fu piuÌ? vivo. Il suo dottore gli aveva consigliato fra altro un efficace sistema per procurargli un lungo sonno senza percioÌ? avvelenarlo con veri sonniferi. Ma questa era la cosa di cui io avevo sopra tutto bisogno!
+Il mio povero amico, sentendo il mio bisogno di medicine, si lusingoÌ? per un istante ch'io potessi essere affetto della stessa sua malattia e mi consiglioÌ? di farmi vedere, ascoltare e analizzare.
+Augusta si mise a ridere di cuore e dichiaroÌ? ch'io non ero altro che un malato immaginario. Allora sul volto emaciato del Copler passoÌ? qualche cosa che somigliava ad un risentimento. Subito, virilmente, si liberoÌ? dallo stato d'inferioritaÌ? a cui pareva fosse condannato, aggredendomi con grande energia:
+Malato immaginario? Ebbene, io preferisco di essere un malato reale. Prima di tutto un malato immaginario eÌ? una mostruositaÌ? ridicola eppoi per lui non esistono dei farmachi mentre la farmacia, come si vede in me, ha sempre qualche cosa di efficace per noi malati veri!
+La sua parola sembrava quella di un sano ed io - voglio essere sincero - ne soffersi.
+Mio suocero s'associoÌ? a lui con grande energia, ma le sue parole non arrivavano a gettare un disprezzo sul malato immaginario, percheÌ? tradivano troppo chiaramente l'invidia per il sano. Disse che se egli fosse stato sano come me, invece di seccare il prossimo con le lamentele, sarebbe corso ai suoi cari e buoni affari, specie ora che gli era riuscito di diminuire la sua pancia. Egli non sapeva neppure che il suo dimagrimento non veniva considerato come un sintomo favorevole.
+Causa l'assalto del Copler, io avevo veramente l'aspetto di un malato e di un malato maltrattato.
+Augusta sentiÌ? il bisogno d'intervenire in mio soccorso. Carezzando la mano che avevo abbandonata sul tavolo, essa disse che la mia malattia non disturbava nessuno e ch'ella non era neppur convinta ch'io credessi d'esser ammalato, percheÌ? altrimenti non avrei avuto tanta gioia di vivere. CosiÌ? il Copler ritornoÌ? allo stato d'inferioritaÌ? cui era condannato. Egli era del tutto solo a questo mondo e se poteva lottare con me in fatto di salute, non poteva contrappormi alcun affetto simile a quello che Augusta m'offriva. Sentendo vivo il bisogno di un'infermiera, si rassegnoÌ? di confessarmi piuÌ? tardi quanto egli m'aveva invidiato per questo.
+La discussione continuoÌ? nei giorni seguenti con un tono piuÌ? calmo mentre Giovanni dormiva in giardino. E il Copler, dopo averci pensato suÌ?, asseriva ora che il malato immaginario era un malato reale, ma piuÌ? intimamente di questi ed anche piuÌ? radicalmente. Infatti i suoi nervi erano ridotti cosiÌ? da accusare una malattia quando non c'era, mentre la loro funzione normale sarebbe consistita nell'allarmare col dolore e indurre a correre al riparo.
+SiÌ?! - dicevo io. - Come ai denti, dove il dolore si manifesta solo quando il nervo eÌ? scoperto e per la guarigione occorre la sua distruzione.
+Si terminoÌ? col trovarsi d'accordo sul fatto che un malato e l'altro si valevano. Proprio nella sua nefrite era mancato e mancava tuttavia un avviso dei nervi, mentre che i miei nervi, invece, erano forse tanto sensibili da avvisarmi della malattia di cui sarei morto qualche ventennio piuÌ? tardi. Erano dunque dei nervi perfetti e avevano l'unico svantaggio di concedermi pochi giorni lieti a questo mondo. Essendogli riuscito a mettermi fra gli ammalati, il Copler fu soddisfattissimo.
+Non so percheÌ? il povero malato avesse la mania di parlare di donne e, quando non c'era mia moglie, non si parlava d'altro. Egli pretendeva che dal malato reale, almeno nelle malattie che noi sapevamo, il sesso s'affievolisse, cioÌ? ch'era una buona difesa dell'organismo, mentre dal malato immaginario che non soffriva che pel disordine di nervi troppo laboriosi (questa era la nostra diagnosi) esso fosse patologicamente vivo. Io corroborai la sua teoria con la mia esperienza e ci compiangemmo reciprocamente. Ignoro percheÌ? non volli dirgli che io mi trovavo lontano da ogni sregolatezza e cioÌ? da lungo tempo. Avrei almeno potuto confessare che mi ritenevo convalescente se non sano, per non offenderlo troppo e percheÌ? dirsi sano quando si conoscono tutte le complicazioni del nostro organismo eÌ? una cosa difficile.
+Tu desideri tutte le donne belle che vedi? - inquisiÌ? ancora il Copler.
+Non tutte! - mormorai io per dirgli che non ero tanto malato. Intanto io non desideravo Ada che vedevo ogni sera. Quella, per me, era proprio la donna proibita. Il fruscio delle sue gonne non mi diceva niente e, se mi fosse stato permesso di muoverle con le mie stesse mani, sarebbe stata la stessa cosa. Per fortuna non l'avevo sposata. Questa indifferenza era, o mi sembrava, una manifestazione di salute genuina. Forse il mio desiderio per lei era stato tanto violento da esaurirsi da seÌ?.
+E quelle linee dolci in quella carne che pareva trasparente, e celava tanto bene il sangue e le vene forse troppo deboli per poter apparire, domandavano affetto e protezione.
+Ora ero pronto di accordarle tanto affetto e protezione, incondizionatamente, ed anche nel momento in cui mi sarei sentito tanto disposto di ritornare ad Augusta, percheÌ? essa in quel momento non domandava che un affetto paterno che potevo concedere senza tradire. Quale soddisfazione! Restavo laÌ? con Carla, le accordavo quello che la sua faccina ovale domandava e non mi allontanavo da Augusta! Il mio affetto per Carla si ingentiliÌ?. Da allora, quando sentivo il bisogno di onestaÌ? e purezza, non occorse piuÌ? abbandonarla, ma potei restare con lei e cambiare discorso.
+Questa nuova dolcezza era dovuta alla sua faccina ovale ch'io allora avevo scoperto o al suo talento musicale? Innegabile il talento! La strana canzonetta triestina finisce con una strofe in cui la stessa giovinetta proclama di essere vecchia e malandata e che oramai non ha piuÌ? bisogno di altra libertaÌ? che di morire. Carla continuava a profondere malizia e lietezza nel verso povero. Era tuttavia la giovinezza che si fingeva vecchia per proclamare meglio da quel nuovo punto di vista il suo diritto.
+Quando terminoÌ? e mi trovoÌ? in piena ammirazione, anch'essa per la prima volta oltre che amarmi mi volle veramente bene. Sapeva che a me quella canzonetta sarebbe piaciuta di piuÌ? del canto che le insegnava il suo maestro:
+Peccato - aggiunse con tristezza, - che se non si vuole andare pei <I>cafeÌ?s</I> <I>chantants</I>, non si possa trarre da cioÌ? il necessario per vivere.
+La convinsi facilmente che le cose non stavano cosiÌ?. V'erano a questo mondo molte grandi artiste che dicevano e non cantavano.
+Essa si fece dire dei nomi. Era beata di apprendere quanto importante avrebbe potuto divenire la sua arte.
+Io so - aggiunse ingenuamente, - che questo canto eÌ? ben piuÌ? difficile dell'altro per il quale basta gridare a perdifiato.
+Io sorrisi e non discussi. La sua arte era anch'essa certamente difficile ed essa lo sapeva percheÌ? era quella la sola arte che conoscesse. Quella canzonetta le era costata uno studio lunghissimo. L'aveva detta e ridetta correggendo l'intonazione di ogni parola, di ogni nota. Adesso ne studiava un'altra, ma l'avrebbe saputa soltanto di liÌ? a qualche settimana. Prima non voleva farla sentire.
+Seguirono dei momenti deliziosi in quella stanza ove fino ad allora non s'erano svolte che delle scene di brutalitaÌ?. Ecco che a Carla s'apriva anche una carriera. La carriera che m'avrebbe liberato di lei. Molto simile a quella che per lei aveva sognato il Copler! Le proposi di trovarle un maestro. Essa dapprima si spaventoÌ? della parola, ma poi si lascioÌ? convincere facilmente quando le dichiarai che si poteva provare, e ch'essa sarebbe rimasta libera di congedarlo quando le fosse sembrato noioso o poco utile.
+Anche con Augusta mi trovai quel giorno molto bene. Avevo l'animo tranquillo come se fossi ritornato da una passeggiata e non dalla casa di Carla o come avrebbe dovuto averlo il povero Copler quando abbandonava quella casa nei giorni in cui non gli avevano dato motivo ad arrabbiarsi.
+Ne godetti come se fossi giunto a un'oasi. Per me e per la mia salute sarebbe stato gravissimo se tutta la mia lunga relazione con Carla si fosse svolta in un'eterna agitazione. Da quel giorno, come risultato della bellezza estetica, le cose si svolsero piuÌ? calme con le lievi interruzioni necessarie a rianimare tanto il mio amore per Carla, quanto quello per Augusta. Ogni mia visita a Carla significava bensiÌ? un tradimento per Augusta, ma tutto era presto dimenticato in un bagno di salute e di buoni propositi. Ed il buon proposito non era brutale ed eccitante come quando avevo nella strozza il desiderio di dichiarare a Carla che non l'avrei rivista mai piuÌ?. Ero dolce e paterno: ecco che di nuovo io pensavo alla sua carriera. Abbandonare ogni giorno una donna per correrle dietro il giorno appresso, sarebbe stata una fatica a cui il mio povero cuore non avrebbe saputo reggere. CosiÌ?, invece, Carla restava sempre in mio potere ed io l'avviavo ora in una direzione ed ora i
n un'altra.
+Per lungo tempo i propositi buoni non furono tanto forti da indurmi a correre per la cittaÌ? in cerca del maestro che avrebbe fatto per Carla. Mi baloccavo col proposito buono, restando sempre seduto. Poi un bel giorno Augusta mi confidoÌ? che si sentiva madre ed allora il mio proposito per un istante ingigantiÌ? e Carla ebbe il suo maestro.
+Avevo esitato tanto anche percheÌ? era evidente che, anche senza maestro, Carla aveva saputo avviarsi ad un lavoro veramente serio nella sua nuova arte. Ogni settimana essa sapeva dirmi una canzonetta nuova, analizzata accuratamente nell'atteggiamento e nella parola. Certe note avrebbero abbisognato di essere levigate un poco, ma forse avrebbero finito con l'affinarsi da seÌ?. Una prova decisiva che Carla era una vera artista, io l'avevo nel modo com'essa perfezionava continuamente le sue canzonette senza mai rinunziare alle cose migliori ch'essa aveva saputo far sue di prim'acchito. La indussi spesso a ridirmi il suo primo lavoro e vi trovavo aggiunto ogni volta qualche accento nuovo ed efficace. Data la sua ignoranza, era meraviglioso che nel grande sforzo di scoprire una forte espressione, non le fosse mai capitato di cacciare nella canzonetta dei suoni falsi o esagerati. Da vera artista, essa aggiungeva ogni giorno una pietruccia al piccolo edificio, e tutto il resto res
tava intatto. Non la canzonetta era stereotipata, ma il sentimento che la dettava. Carla, prima di cantare, si passava sempre la mano sulla faccia e dietro quella mano si creava un istante di raccoglimento che bastava a piombarla nella commediola ch'essa doveva costruire. Una commedia non sempre puerile. Il mentore ironico di <I>Rosina te xe nata in un casoto</I> minacciava, ma non troppo seriamente. Pareva che la cantante avvertisse di sapere ch'era la storia di ogni giorno. Il pensiero di Carla era un altro, ma finiva con l'arrivare allo stesso risultato:
+La mia simpatia eÌ? per Rosina percheÌ? altrimenti la canzonetta non meriterebbe di essere cantata, - essa diceva.
+Avvenne qualche volta che Carla inconsapevolmente riaccendesse il mio amore per Augusta e il mio rimorso. Infatti cioÌ? si avveroÌ? ogni qualvolta ella si permise dei movimenti offensivi contro la posizione tanto solidamente occupata da mia moglie.
+Era sempre vivo il suo desiderio di avermi tutto suo per una notte intera; mi confidoÌ? che le pareva che, per non avere mai dormito uno accanto all'altro, fossimo meno intimi. Volendo abituarmi ad essere piuÌ? dolce con lei, non mi rifiutai risolutamente di compiacerla, ma quasi sempre pensai che non sarebbe stato possibile di fare una cosa simile a meno che non mi fossi rassegnato di trovare alla mattina Augusta ad una finestra donde m'avesse aspettato la notte intera. Eppoi, non sarebbe stato questo un nuovo tradimento a mia moglie? Talvolta, cioeÌ? quando correvo a Carla pieno di desiderio, mi sentivo propenso di accontentarla, ma subito dopo ne vedevo l'impossibilitaÌ? e la sconvenienza. Ma cosiÌ? non si arrivoÌ? per lungo tempo neÌ? ad eliminare la prospettiva della cosa neÌ? a realizzarla. Apparentemente si era d'accordo: prima o poi avremmo passata una notte intera insieme. Intanto ora ce n'era la possibilitaÌ? percheÌ? io avevo indotto le Gerco di congedare quegl'in
quilini che tagliavano la loro casa in due parti, e Carla aveva finalmente la sua camera da letto.
+Ora avvenne che poco dopo le nozze di Guido, mio suocero fu colto da quella crisi che doveva ucciderlo ed io ebbi l'imprudenza di raccontare a Carla che mia moglie doveva passare una notte al capezzale di suo padre per concedere un riposo a mia suocera. Non ci fu piuÌ? il caso di esimermi: Carla pretese che passassi con lei quella stessa notte ch'era tanto dolorosa per mia moglie. Non ebbi il coraggio di ribellarmi a tale capriccio e mi vi acconciai col cuore pesante.
+Mi preparai a quel sacrificio. Non andai da Carla alla mattina e cosiÌ? corsi da lei alla sera con pieno desiderio dicendomi anche ch'era infantile di credere di tradire piuÌ? gravemente Augusta percheÌ? la tradivo in un momento in cui essa per altre cause soffriva. PercioÌ? arrivai persino a spazientirmi percheÌ? la povera Augusta mi tratteneva per spiegarmi come avessi dovuto movermi per avere pronte le cose di cui potevo aver bisogno a cena, per la notte ed anche per il caffeÌ? della mattina dopo.
+Carla m'accolse nello studio. Poco dopo colei ch'era sua madre e serva ci serviÌ? una cenetta squisita a cui io aggiunsi i dolci che avevo portati con me. La vecchia ritornoÌ? poi per sparecchiare ed io veramente avrei voluto coricarmi subito, ma era veramente ancora troppo di buon'ora e Carla m'indusse di starla a sentir cantare. Essa passoÌ? tutto il suo repertorio e fu quella certamente la parte migliore di quelle ore, percheÌ? l'ansietaÌ? con cui aspettavo la mia amante, andava ad aumentare il piacere che sempre m'aveva data la canzonetta di Carla.
+Un pubblico ti coprirebbe di fiori e d'applausi - le dichiarai ad un certo momento dimenticando che sarebbe stato impossibile di mettere tutto un pubblico nello stato d'animo in cui mi trovavo io.
+Ci coricammo infine nello stesso letto in una stanzuccia piccola e del tutto disadorna. Pareva un corridoio stroncato da una parete. Non avevo ancora sonno e mi disperavo al pensiero che, se ne avessi avuto, non avrei potuto dormire con tanta poca aria a mia disposizione.
+Carla fu chiamata dalla voce timida di sua madre.
+Essa, per rispondere, andoÌ? all'uscio e lo socchiuse. La sentii come con voce concitata domandava alla vecchia che cosa volesse. Timidamente l'altra disse delle parole di cui non percepii il senso e allora Carla urloÌ? prima di sbattere l'uscio in faccia alla madre:
+Lasciami in pace. T'ho giaÌ? detto che per questa notte dormo di qua!
+CosiÌ? appresi che Carla, tormentata di notte dalla paura, dormiva sempre nella sua antica stanza da letto con la madre, ove aveva un altro letto, mentre quello sul quale dovevamo dormire insieme restava vuoto. Era certamente per paura ch'essa m'aveva indotto di fare quella partaccia ad Augusta. ConfessoÌ? con una maliziosa allegria cui non partecipai, che con me si sentiva piuÌ? sicura che con sua madre. Mi diede da pensare quel letto in prossimitaÌ? di quella stanza da studio solitaria. Non l'avevo mai visto prima. Ero geloso! Poco dopo fui sprezzante anche per il contegno che Carla aveva avuto con quella sua povera madre. Era fatta un po' differentemente di Augusta che aveva rinunziato alla mia compagnia pur di assistere i suoi genitori. Io sono specialmente sensibile a mancanze di riguardo verso i proprii genitori, io, che avevo sopportato con tanta rassegnazione le bizze del mio povero padre.
+Carla non poteÌ? accorgersi neÌ? della mia gelosia neÌ? del mio disprezzo. Soppressi le manifestazioni di gelosia ricordando come non avessi alcun diritto ad essere geloso visto che passavo buona parte delle mie giornate augurandomi che qualcuno mi portasse via la mia amante. Non v'era neppure alcuno scopo di far vedere il mio disprezzo alla povera giovinetta ormai che giaÌ? mi baloccavo di nuovo col desiderio di abbandonarla definitivamente, e quantunque il mio sdegno fosse ora ingrandito anche dalle ragioni che poco prima avrebbero provocata la mia gelosia. Quello che occorreva era di allontanarsi al piuÌ? presto da quella piccola stanzuccia non contenente di piuÌ? di un metro cubo di aria, per soprappiuÌ? caldissima.
+Non ricordo neppure bene il pretesto che addussi per allontanarmi subito. Affannosamente mi misi a vestirmi. Parlai di una chiave che avevo dimenticato di consegnare a mia moglie per cui essa, se le fosse occorso, non avrebbe potuto entrare in casa. Feci vedere la chiave che non era altra che quella che io avevo sempre in tasca, ma che fu presentata come la prova tangibile della veritaÌ? delle mie asserzioni. Carla non tentoÌ? neppure di fermarmi; si vestiÌ? e m'accompagnoÌ? fin giuÌ? per farmi luce. Nell'oscuritaÌ? delle scale, mi parve ch'essa mi squadrasse con un'occhiata inquisitrice che mi turboÌ?: cominciava essa a intendermi? Non era tanto facile, visto ch'io sapevo simulare troppo bene. Per ringraziarla percheÌ? mi lasciava andare, continuavo di tempo in tempo ad applicare la mie labbra sulle sue guancie e simulavo di essere pervaso tuttavia dallo stesso entusiasmo che m'aveva condotto da lei. Non ebbi poi ad avere alcun dubbio della buona riuscita della mia simulazi
one. Poco prima, con un'ispirazione d'amore, Carla m'aveva detto che il brutto nome di Zeno, che m'era stato appioppato dai miei genitori, non era certamente quello che spettava alla mia persona.
+Essa avrebbe voluto ch'io mi chiamassi Dario e liÌ?, nell'oscuritaÌ?, si congedoÌ? da me appellandomi cosiÌ?. Poi s'accorse che il tempo era minaccioso e m'offerse di andar a prendere per me un ombrello. Ma io assolutamente non potevo sopportarla piuÌ? oltre, e corsi via tenendo sempre quella chiave in mano nella cui autenticitaÌ? cominciavo a credere anch'io.
+L'oscuritaÌ? profonda della notte veniva interrotta di tratto in tratto da bagliori abbacinanti. Il mugolio del tuono pareva lontanissimo. L'aria era ancora tranquilla e soffocante quanto nella stessa stanzetta di Carla. Anche i radi goccioloni che cadevano erano tiepidi. In alto, evidente, c'era la minaccia ed io mi misi a correre. Ebbi la ventura di trovare in Corsia Stadion un portone ancora aperto e illuminato in cui mi rifugiai proprio a tempo! Subito dopo il nembo s'abbatteÌ? sulla via. Lo scroscio di pioggia fu interrotto da una ventata furiosa che parve portasse con seÌ? anche il tuono tutt'ad un tratto vicinissimo. Trasalii! Sarebbe stato un vero compromettermi se fossi stato ammazzato dal fulmine, a quell'ora, in Corsia Stadion! Meno male ch'ero noto anche a mia moglie come un uomo dai gusti bizzarri che poteva correre fin laÌ? di notte e allora c'eÌ? sempre la scusa a tutto.
+Dovetti rimanere in quel portone per piuÌ? di un'ora. Pareva sempre che il tempo volesse mitigarsi, ma subito riprendeva il suo furore sempre in altra forma. Ora grandinava.
+Era venuto a tenermi compagnia il portinaio della casa e dovetti regalargli qualche soldo percheÌ? ritardasse la chiusura del portone. Poi entroÌ? nel portone un signore vestito di bianco e grondante d'acqua. Era vecchio, magro e secco. Non lo rividi mai piuÌ?, ma non so dimenticarlo per la luce del suo occhio nero e per l'energia ch'emanava da tutta la sua personcina. Bestemmiava per essere stato infradiciato a quel modo.
+A me eÌ? sempre piaciuto d'intrattenermi con la gente che non conosco. Con loro mi sento sano e sicuro. EÌ? addirittura un riposo. Devo stare attento di non zoppicare, e sono salvo.
+Quando finalmente il tempo si mitigoÌ?, io mi recai subito non a casa mia, ma da mio suocero. Mi pareva in quel momento di dover correre subito all'appello e vantarmi di esservi.Mio suocero s'era addormentato e Augusta, ch'era aiutata da una suora, poteÌ? venire da me. Essa disse che avevo fatto bene di venire e si gettoÌ? piangente fra le mie braccia. Aveva visto soffrire suo padre orrendamente.
+S'accorse ch'ero tutto bagnato. Mi fece adagiare in una poltrona e mi coperse con delle coperte. Poi per qualche tempo poteÌ? restarmi accanto. Io ero molto stanco e anche nel breve tempo in cui essa poteÌ? restare con me, lottai col sonno. Mi sentivo molto innocente percheÌ? intanto non l'avevo tradita restando lontano dal domicilio coniugale per tutta una notte. Era tanto bella l'innocenza che tentai di aumentarla. Incominciai a dire delle parole che somigliavano ad una confessione. Le dissi che mi sentivo debole e colpevole e, visto che a questo punto essa mi guardoÌ? domandando delle spiegazioni, subito ritirai la testa nel guscio e, gettandomi nella filosofia, le raccontai che il sentimento della colpa io l'avevo ad ogni mio pensiero, ad ogni mio respiro.
+CosiÌ? pensano anche i religiosi, - disse Augusta; - chissaÌ? che non sia per le colpe che ignoriamo che veniamo puniti cosiÌ?!
+Diceva delle parole adatte ad accompagnare le sue lacrime che continuavano a scorrere. A me parve ch'essa non avesse ben compresa la differenza che correva fra il mio pensiero e quello dei religiosi, ma non volli discutere e al suono monotono del vento che s'era rinforzato, con la tranquillitaÌ? che mi dava anche quel mio slancio alla confessione, m'addormentai di un lungo sonno ristoratore.
+Quando venne la volta del maestro di canto, tutto fu regolato in poche ore. Io da tempo l'avevo scelto, e, per dire il vero, m'ero arrestato al suo nome, prima di tutto percheÌ? era il maestro piuÌ? a buon mercato di Trieste. Per non compromettermi, fu Carla stessa che andoÌ? a parlare con lui. Io non lo vidi mai, ma devo dire che oramai so molto di lui ed eÌ? una delle persone che piuÌ? stimo a questo mondo. Dev'essere un semplicione sano cioÌ? che eÌ? strano per un artista che viveva per la sua arte, come questo Vittorio Lali. Insomma un uomo invidiabile, percheÌ? geniale e anche sano.
+Intanto sentii subito che la voce di Carla s'ammorbidiÌ? e divenne piuÌ? flessibile e piuÌ? sicura. Noi avevamo avuto paura che il maestro le avesse imposto uno sforzo come aveva fatto quello scelto dal Copler. Forse egli s'adattoÌ? al desiderio di Carla, ma sta di fatto che restoÌ? sempre nel genere da lei prediletto. Solo molti mesi dopo essa s'accorse di essersene lievemente allontanata, affinandosi. Non cantava piuÌ? le canzonette triestine e poi neppure le napoletane, ma era passata ad antiche canzoni italiane e a Mozart e Schubert. Ricordo specialmente una «Ninna nanna» attribuita al Mozart, e nei giorni in cui sento meglio la tristezza della vita e rimpiango l'acerba fanciulla che fu mia e che io non amai, la «Ninna nanna» mi echeggia all'orecchio come un rimprovero. Rivedo allora Carla travestita da madre che trae dal suo seno i suoni piuÌ? dolci per conquistare il sonno al suo bambino. Eppure essa, ch'era stata un'amante indimenticabile, non poteva essere una bu
ona madre, dato ch'era una cattiva figlia. Ma si vede che saper cantare da madre eÌ? una caratteristica che copre ogni altra.
+Da Carla seppi la storia del suo maestro. Egli aveva fatto qualche anno di studii al Conservatorio di Vienna ed era poi venuto a Trieste ove aveva avuto la fortuna di lavorare per il nostro maggiore compositore colpito da cecitaÌ?. Scriveva le sue composizioni sotto dettatura, ma ne aveva anche la fiducia, che i ciechi devono concedere intera. CosiÌ? ne conobbe i propositi, le convinzioni tanto mature e i sogni sempre giovanili. Presto egli ebbe nell'anima tutta la musica, anche quella che occorreva a Carla. Mi fu descritto anche il suo aspetto; giovine, biondo, piuttosto robusto, dal vestire negletto, una camicia molle non sempre di bucato, una cravatta che doveva essere stata nera, abbondante e sciolta, un cappello a cencio dalle falde spropositate. Di poche parole - a quanto mi diceva Carla e devo crederle percheÌ? pochi mesi appresso con lei si fece ciarliero ed essa me lo disse subito, - e tutt'intento al compito che s'era assunto.
+Ben presto la mia giornata subiÌ? delle complicazioni. Alla mattina portavo da Carla oltre che amore anche un'amara gelosia, che diveniva molto meno amara nel corso della giornata. Mi pareva impossibile che quel giovinotto non approfittasse della buona, facile preda. Carla pareva stupita ch'io potessi pensare una cosa simile, ma io lo ero altrettanto al vederla stupita. Non ricordava piuÌ? come le cose si erano svolte fra me e lei?
+Un giorno arrivai a lei furibondo di gelosia ed essa spaventata si dichiaroÌ? subito pronta di congedare il maestro. Io non credo che il suo spavento fosse prodotto solo dalla paura di vedersi privata del mio appoggio, percheÌ? in quell'epoca io ebbi da lei delle manifestazioni di affetto di cui non posso dubitare e che alle volte mi resero beato, mentre, quando mi trovavo in altro stato d'animo, mi seccarono sembrandomi atti ostili ad Augusta ai quali, e per quanto mi costasse, ero obbligato d'associarmi. La sua proposta m'imbarazzoÌ?. Che mi trovassi nel momento dell'amore o del pentimento, io non volevo accettare un suo sacrificio. Doveva pur esserci qualche comunicazione fra' miei due stati d'essere ed io non volevo diminuire la mia giaÌ? scarsa libertaÌ? di passare dall'uno all'altro. PercioÌ? non sapevo accettare una tale proposta che invece mi rese piuÌ? cauto cosiÌ? che anche quando ero esasperato dalla gelosia, seppi celarla. Il mio amore si fece piuÌ? iroso e finiÌ
? che quando la desideravo e anche quando non la desideravo affatto, Carla mi sembroÌ? un essere inferiore. Mi tradiva o di lei non m'importava nulla. Quando non l'odiavo non ricordavo che ci fosse. Io appartenevo all'ambiente di salute e di onestaÌ? in cui regnava Augusta a cui ritornavo subito col corpo e l'anima non appena Carla mi lasciava libero.
+Data l'assoluta sinceritaÌ? di Carla, io so esattamente per quanto lunghissimo tempo essa fu tutta mia, e la mia gelosia ricorrente di allora non puoÌ? essere considerata che quale una manifestazione di un recondito senso di giustizia. Doveva pur toccarmi quello che meritavo. Prima s'innamoroÌ? il maestro. Credo il primo sintomo del suo amore sia consistito in certe parole che Carla mi riferiÌ? con aria di trionfo ritenendo segnassero il primo suo grande successo artistico pel quale le competesse una mia lode. Egli le avrebbe detto che oramai s'era tanto affezionato al suo compito di maestro che, se essa non avesse potuto pagarlo, egli avrebbe continuato ad impartirle gratuitamente le sue lezioni. Io le avrei dato uno schiaffo, ma venne poi il momento in cui potei pretendere di saper gioire di quel suo vero trionfo. Essa poi dimenticoÌ? il crampo che alla prima aveva colto tutta la mia faccia come di chi ficca i denti in un limone e accettoÌ? serena la lode tardiva. Egli le
aveva raccontati tutti gli affari proprii che non erano molti: musica, miseria e famiglia. La sorella gli aveva dati dei grandi dispiaceri ed egli aveva saputo comunicare a Carla una grande antipatia per quella donna ch'essa non conosceva. Quell'antipatia mi parve molto compromettente. Cantavano ora insieme delle canzoni sue che mi parvero povera cosa tanto quando amavo Carla quanto allorcheÌ? la sentivo come una catena.
+PuoÌ? tuttavia essere che fossero buone ad onta che io poi non ne abbia piuÌ? sentito parlare. Egli diresse poi delle orchestre negli Stati Uniti e forse colaÌ? si cantano anche quelle canzoni.
+Ma un bel giorno essa mi raccontoÌ? ch'egli le aveva chiesto di diventare sua moglie e ch'essa aveva rifiutato. Allora io passai due quarti d'ora veramente brutti: il primo quando mi sentii tanto invaso dall'ira che avrei voluto aspettare il maestro per gettarlo fuori a furia di calci, ed il secondo quando non trovai il verso per conciliare la possibilitaÌ? della continuazione della mia tresca, con quel matrimonio ch'era in fondo una bella e morale cosa e una ben piuÌ? sicura semplificazione della mia posizione che non la carriera di Carla ch'essa immaginava d'iniziare in mia compagnia.
+PercheÌ? quel benedetto maestro s'era scaldato a quel modo e tanto presto? Oramai, in un anno di relazione, tutto s'era attenuato fra me e Carla, anche il cipiglio mio quando l'abbandonavo. I rimorsi miei erano oramai sopportabilissimi e quantunque Carla avesse ancora ragione di dirmi rude in amore, pareva ch'essa ci si fosse abituata. CioÌ? doveva esserle riuscito anche facile, percheÌ? io non fui mai piuÌ? tanto brutale come nei primi giorni della nostra relazione e, sopportato quel primo eccesso, il resto dovette esserle sembrato in confronto mitissimo.
+PercioÌ? anche quando di Carla non m'importava piuÌ? tanto, mi fu sempre facile prevedere che il giorno appresso io non sarei stato contento di venir a cercare la mia amante e di non trovarla piuÌ?. Certo sarebbe stato bellissimo allora di saper ritornare ad Augusta senza il solito intermezzo con Carla ed in quel momento io me ne sentivo capacissimo; ma prima avrei voluto provare. Il mio proposito in quel momento dev'essere stato circa il seguente: «Domani la pregheroÌ? di accettare la proposta del maestro, ma oggi gliel'impediroÌ?». E con grande sforzo continuai a comportarmi da amante. Adesso, dicendone, dopo di aver registrate tutte le fasi della mia avventura, potrebbe sembrare ch'io facessi il tentativo di far sposare da altri la mia amante e di conservarla mia, cioÌ? che sarebbe stata la politica di un uomo piuÌ? avveduto di me e piuÌ? equilibrato, sebbene altrettanto corrotto. Ma non eÌ? vero: essa doveva sposare il maestro, ma doveva decidervisi solo la dimane. EÌ?
percioÌ? che solo allora cessoÌ? quel mio stato ch'io m'ostino a qualificare d'innocenza. Non era piuÌ? possibile adorare Carla per un breve periodo della giornata eppoi odiarla per ventiquattr'ore continue, e levarsi ogni mattina ignorante come un neonato a rivivere la giornata, tanto simile alle precedenti, per sorprendersi delle avventure ch'essa apportava e che avrei dovuto sapere a mente. CioÌ? non era piuÌ? possibile. Mi si prospettava l'eventualitaÌ? di perdere per sempre la mia amante se non avessi saputo domare il mio desiderio di liberarmene. Io subito lo domai!
+Ed eÌ? cosiÌ? che quel giorno, quando di lei non m'importoÌ? piuÌ?, feci a Carla una scena d'amore che per la sua falsitaÌ? e la sua furia somigliava a quella che, preso dal vino, avevo fatto ad Augusta quella notte in vettura. Solo che qui mancava il vino ed io finii col commovermi veramente al suono delle mie parole.
+Le dichiarai ch'io l'amavo, che non sapevo piuÌ? restare senza di lei e che d'altronde mi pareva di esigere da lei il sacrificio della sua vita, visto che io non potevo offrirle niente che potesse eguagliare quanto le veniva offerto dal Lali.
+Fu proprio una nota nuova nella nostra relazione che pur aveva avuto tante ore di grande amore. Essa stava a sentire le mie parole beandovisi. Molto tardi si accinse a convincermi che non era il caso di affliggersi tanto percheÌ? il Lali s'era innamorato. Essa non ci pensava affatto!
+Io la ringraziai, sempre col medesimo fervore che ora peroÌ? non arrivava piuÌ? a commovermi. Sentivo un certo peso allo stomaco: evidentemente ero piuÌ? compromesso che mai. Il mio apparente fervore invece che diminuire aumentoÌ?, solo per permettermi di dire qualche parola d'ammirazione pel povero Lali. Io non volevo mica perderlo, io volevo salvarlo, ma per il giorno dopo.
+Quando si trattoÌ? di risolvere se tenere o congedare il maestro, andammo presto d'accordo. Io non avrei poi voluto privarla oltre che del matrimonio anche della carriera. Anche lei confessoÌ? che al suo maestro ci teneva: ad ogni lezione aveva la prova della necessitaÌ? della sua assistenza. M'assicuroÌ? che potevo vivere tranquillo e fiducioso: essa amava me e nessun altro.
+Evidentemente il mio tradimento s'era allargato ed esteso. M'ero attaccato alla mia amante di una nuova affettuositaÌ? che legava di nuovi legami e invadeva un territorio finora riservato solo al mio affetto legittimo. Ma, ritornato a casa mia, anche quest'affettuositaÌ? non esisteva piuÌ? e si riversava aumentata su Augusta. Per Carla non avevo altro che una profonda sfiducia. ChissaÌ? che cosa c'era di vero in quella proposta di matrimonio! Non mi sarei meravigliato se un bel giorno, senz'aver sposato quell'altro, Carla m'avesse regalato un figlio dotato di un grande talento per la musica. E ricominciarono i ferrei propositi che m'accompagnavano da Carla, per abbandonarmi quand'ero con lei e per riprendermi quando non l'avevo ancora lasciata. Tutta roba senza conseguenze di nessun genere.
+E non vi furono altre conseguenze da queste novitaÌ?. L'estate passoÌ? e si portoÌ? via mio suocero. Io ebbi poi un gran da fare nella nuova casa commerciale di Guido ove lavorai piuÌ? che in qualunque altro luogo, comprese le varie facoltaÌ? universitarie. Di questa mia attivitaÌ? diroÌ? piuÌ? tardi. PassoÌ? anche l'inverno eppoi sbocciarono nel mio giardinetto le prime foglie verdi e queste non mi videro mai tanto accasciato come quelle dell'anno prima. Nacque mia figlia Antonia. Il maestro di Carla era sempre a nostra disposizione, ma Carla tuttavia non ne voleva sapere affatto ed io neppure, ancora.
+Vi furono invece delle gravi conseguenze nei miei rapporti con Carla per avvenimenti che veramente non si sarebbero creduti importanti. Passarono quasi inavvertiti e furono rilevati solo dalle conseguenze che lasciarono.
+Precisamente agli albori di quella primavera, io dovetti accettare di andar a passeggiare con Carla al Giardino Pubblico. Mi sembrava una grave compromissione, ma Carla desiderava tanto di camminare al braccio mio al sole, che finii col compiacerla.
+Non doveva mai esserci concesso di vivere neppure per brevi istanti da marito e moglie ed anche questo tentativo finiÌ? male.
+Per gustare meglio il nuovo improvviso tepore che veniva dal cielo nel quale sembrava il sole avesse riacquistato da poco l'imperio, sedemmo su una banchina. Il giardino, nelle mattine dei giorni feriali, era deserto e a me sembrava, che non movendomi, il rischio di venir osservato fosse ancora diminuito. Invece, appoggiato con l'ascella alla sua gruccia, a passi lenti, ma enormi, s'avvicinoÌ? a noi Tullio, quello dai cinquantaquattro muscoli e, senza guardarci, s'assise proprio accanto a noi. Poi levoÌ? la testa, il suo si scontroÌ? nel mio sguardo e mi salutoÌ?:
+Dopo tanto tempo! Come stai? Hai finalmente meno da fare?
+S'era messo a sedere proprio accanto a me e nella prima sorpresa io mi movevo in modo da impedirgli la vista di Carla. Ma lui, dopo di avermi stretta la mano, mi domandoÌ?:
+La tua Signora?
+S'aspettava di venir presentato.
+Mi sottomisi: La signorina Carla Gerco, un'amica di mia moglie.
+Poi continuai a mentire e so da Tullio stesso che la seconda menzogna bastoÌ? a rivelargli tutto. Con un sorriso forzato, dissi:
+Anche la signorina sedette a questo banco per caso accanto a me senza vedermi
+Il mentitore dovrebbe tener presente che per essere creduto non bisogna dire che le menzogne necessarie. Col suo buon senso popolare, quando c'incontrammo di nuovo, Tullio mi disse
+Spiegasti troppe cose ed io indovinai percioÌ? che mentivi e che quella bella signorina era la tua amante.
+Io allora avevo giaÌ? perduta Carla e con grande voluttaÌ? gli confermai ch'egli aveva colto nel segno, ma gli raccontai con tristezza che oramai essa m'aveva abbandonato. Non mi credette ed io gliene fui grato. Mi pareva che la sua incredulitaÌ? fosse un buon auspicio.
+Carla fu colta da un malumore quale io non le avevo mai visto. Io so ora che da quel momento comincioÌ? la sua ribellione. Subito non me ne avvidi percheÌ? per stare a sentire Tullio, che s'era messo a raccontarmi della sua malattia e delle cure che intraprendeva, io le volgevo le spalle. PiuÌ? tardi appresi che una donna, quand'anche si lasci trattare con meno gentilezza sempre salvo in certi istanti, non ammette di venir rinnegata in pubblico. Essa manifestoÌ? il suo sdegno piuttosto verso il povero zoppo che verso me e non gli rispose quand'egli le indirizzoÌ? la parola. Neppure io stavo a sentire Tullio percheÌ? per il momento non arrivavo ad interessarmi delle sue cure. Lo guardavo nei suoi piccoli occhi per intendere che cosa egli pensasse di quell'incontro. Sapevo ch'egli ormai era pensionato e che avendo tutto il giorno libero poteva facilmente invadere con le sue chiacchiere tutto il piccolo ambiente sociale della nostra Trieste di allora.
+Poi, dopo una lunga meditazione, Carla si levoÌ? per lasciarci. MormoroÌ?:
+Arrivederci, - e si avvioÌ?.
+Io sapevo che l'aveva con me e, sempre tenendo conto della presenza di Tullio, cercai di conquistare il tempo necessario per placarla. Le domandai il permesso di accompagnarla avendo da dirigermi dalla sua parte stessa.
+Quel suo saluto secco significava addirittura l'abbandono e fu quella la prima volta in cui seriamente lo temetti. La dura minaccia mi toglieva il fiato.
+Ma Carla stessa ancora non sapeva dove s'avviasse con quel suo passo deciso. Dava sfogo a una stizza del momento che fra poco l'avrebbe lasciata.
+M'attese e poi mi camminoÌ? accanto senza parole. Quando fummo a casa, fu presa da un impeto di pianto che non mi spaventoÌ? percheÌ? la indusse a rifugiarsi fra le mie braccia. Io le spiegai chi fosse Tullio e quanto danno sarebbe potuto venirmi dalla sua lingua. Vedendo che piangeva tuttavia, ma sempre fra le mie braccia, osai un tono piuÌ? risoluto: voleva dunque compromettermi? Non avevamo sempre detto che avremmo fatto di tutto per risparmiare dei dolori a quella povera donna ch'era tuttavia mia moglie e la madre di mia figlia?
+Parve che Carla si ravvedesse, ma volle restare sola per calmarsi. Io corsi via contentone
+Dev'essere da quest'avventura che le venne ad ogni istante il desiderio di apparire in pubblico quale mia moglie. Pareva che, non volendo sposare il maestro, intendesse costringermi di occupare una parte maggiore del posto che a lui rifiutava. Mi seccoÌ? per lungo tempo percheÌ? prendessi due sedie ad un teatro, che avremmo poi occupate venendo da parti diverse per trovarci seduti uno accanto all'altro come per caso. Io con lei raggiunsi soltanto ma varie volte il Giardino Pubblico, quella pietra miliare dei miei trascorsi, cui ora arrivavo dall'altra parte. Oltre, mai! PercioÌ? la mia amante finiÌ? col somigliarmi troppo. Senz'alcuna ragione, ad ogni istante, se la prendeva con me in scoppi di collera improvvisi. Presto si ravvedeva, ma bastavano per rendermi tanto eppoi tanto buono e docile. Spesso la trovavo che si scioglieva in lacrime e non arrivavo mai ad ottenere da lei una spiegazione del suo dolore. Forse la colpa fu mia percheÌ? non insistetti abbastanza per averla
. Quando la conobbi meglio, cioeÌ? quand'essa mi abbandonoÌ?, non abbisognai di altre spiegazioni. Essa, stretta dal bisogno, s'era gettata in quell'avventura con me, che proprio non faceva per lei. Fra le mie braccia era divenuta donna e - amo supporlo - donna onesta. Naturalmente che cioÌ? non va attribuito ad alcun merito mio, tanto piuÌ? che tutto mio fu il danno.
+Le capitoÌ? un nuovo capriccio che dapprima mi sorprese e subito dopo teneramente mi commosse: volle vedere mia moglie. Giurava che non le si sarebbe avvicinata e che si sarebbe comportata in modo da non essere scorta da lei. Le promisi che quando avessi saputo di un'uscita di mia moglie ad un'ora precisa, glel'avrei fatto sapere. Essa doveva vedere mia moglie non vicino alla mia villa, luogo deserto ove il singolo eÌ? troppo osservato, ma in qualche via affollata della cittaÌ?.
+In quel torno di tempo mia suocera fu colpita da un malore agli occhi per cui dovette bendarseli per varii giorni. S'annoiava mortalmente e, per indurla a tenere rigidamente la cura, le sue figliuole si dividevano la guardia presso di lei: mia moglie alla mattina, e Ada fino alle quattro precise del pomeriggio. Con risoluzione istantanea io dissi a Carla che mia moglie abbandonava la casa di mia suocera ogni giorno alle quattro precise.
+Neppure adesso so esattamente percheÌ? io abbia presentata Ada a Carla quale mia moglie. EÌ? certo che io, dopo la domanda di matrimonio fattale dal maestro, sentivo il bisogno di vincolare meglio la mia amante a me e puoÌ? essere abbia creduto che quanto piuÌ? bella avesse trovata mia moglie, tanto piuÌ? avrebbe apprezzato l'uomo che le sacrificava (per modo di dire) una donna simile. Augusta in quel tempo non era altro che una buona balia sanissima. PuoÌ? avere influito sulla mia decisione anche la prudenza. Avevo certamente ragione di temere gli umori della mia amante e se essa si fosse lasciata trascinare a qualche atto inconsulto con Ada, cioÌ? non avrebbe avuto importanza visto che questa m'aveva giaÌ? dato prova che mai avrebbe tentato di diffamarmi presso mia moglie.
+Se Carla m'avesse compromesso con Ada, a questa avrei raccontato tutto e per dire il vero con una certa soddisfazione.
+Ma la mia politica ebbe un esito non prevedibile davvero. Indottovi da una certa ansietaÌ?, andai la mattina appresso da Carla piuÌ? di buon'ora del solito. La trovai mutata del tutto dal giorno prima. Una grande serietaÌ? aveva invaso il nobile ovale della sua faccina. Volli baciarla, ma essa mi respinse eppoi si lascioÌ? sfiorare dalle mie labbra le guancie, tanto per indurmi a starla ad ascoltare docilmente. Sedetti a lei di faccia dall'altra parte del tavolo. Essa, senza troppo affrettarsi, prese un foglio di carta su cui fino al mio arrivo aveva scritto e lo ripose fra certa musica che giaceva sul tavolo. Io a quel foglio non feci attenzione e solo piuÌ? tardi appresi ch'era una lettera ch'essa scriveva al Lali.
+Eppure io ora so che persino in quel momento l'animo di Carla era conteso da dubbi. Il suo occhio serio si posava su di me indagando; poi lo rivolgeva alla luce della finestra per meglio isolarsi e studiare il proprio animo. ChissaÌ?! Se avessi subito indovinato meglio quello che in lei si dibatteva, avrei potuto ancora conservarmi la mia deliziosa amante.
+Mi raccontoÌ? del suo incontro con Ada. L'aveva attesa dinanzi alla casa di mia suocera e, quando la vide arrivare, subito la riconobbe.
+Non c'era il caso di sbagliare. Tu me l'avevi descritta nei suoi tratti piuÌ? importanti. Oh! Tu la conosci bene!
+Tacque per un istante per dominare la commozione che le chiudeva la gola. Poi continuoÌ?:
+Io non so quello che ci sia stato fra di voi, ma io non voglio mai piuÌ? tradire quella donna tanto bella e tanto triste! E scrivo oggi al maestro di canto che sono pronta a sposarlo!
+Triste! - gridai io sorpreso. - Tu t'inganni, oppure in quel momento essa avraÌ? sofferto per una scarpa troppo stretta.
+Ada triste! Se rideva e sorrideva sempre; anche quella stessa mattina in cui l'avevo vista per un istante a casa mia.
+Ma Carla era meglio informata di me:
+Una scarpa stretta! Essa aveva il passo di una dea quando cammina sulle nubi!
+Mi raccontoÌ? sempre piuÌ? commossa che aveva saputo farsi rivolgere una parola - oh! dolcissima! - da Ada. Questa aveva lasciato cadere il suo fazzoletto e Carla lo raccolse e glielo porse.
+La sua breve parola di ringraziamento commosse Carla fino alle lacrime. Ci fu poi dell'altro ancora fra le due donne: Carla asseriva che Ada avesse anche notato ch'essa piangeva e che si fosse divisa da lei con un'occhiata accorata di solidarietaÌ?. Per Carla tutto era chiaro: mia moglie sapeva ch'io la tradivo e ne soffriva! Da cioÌ? il proposito di non vedermi piuÌ? e di sposare il Lali.
+Non sapevo come difendermi! M'era facile di parlare con piena antipatia di Ada ma non di mia moglie, la sana balia che non s'accorgeva affatto di quello che avveniva nell'animo mio, tutt'intenta com'era al suo ministero. Domandai a Carla se essa non avesse notata la durezza dell'occhio di Ada, e se non si fosse accorta che la sua voce era bassa e rude, priva di alcuna dolcezza. Per riavere subito l'amore di Carla, io ben volentieri avrei attribuiti a mia moglie molti altri delitti, ma non si poteva percheÌ?, da un anno circa, io con la mia amante non facevo altro che portarla ai sette cieli.
+Mi salvai altrimenti. Fui preso io stesso da una grande emozione che mi spinse le lagrime agli occhi. Mi pareva di poter legittimamente commiserarmi. Senza volerlo, m'ero gettato in un ginepraio in cui mi sentivo infelicissimo. Quella confusione fra Ada e Augusta era insopportabile. La veritaÌ? era che mia moglie non era tanto bella e che Ada (era di lei che Carla si prendeva di tanta compassione) aveva avuti dei grandi torti verso di me. PercioÌ? Carla era veramente ingiusta nel giudicarmi.
+Le mie lacrime resero Carla piuÌ? mite:
+Dario caro! Come mi fanno bene le tue lacrime! Dev'esserci stato qualche malinteso fra voi due e importa ora di chiarirlo. Io non voglio giudicarti troppo severamente, ma io non tradiroÌ? mai piuÌ? quella donna, neÌ? voglio essere io la causa delle sue lacrime. L'ho giurato!
+Ad onta del giuramento essa finiÌ? col tradirla per l'ultima volta. Avrebbe voluto dividersi da me per sempre con un ultimo bacio, ma io quel bacio lo accordavo in un'unica forma, altrimenti me ne sarei andato pieno di rancore. PercioÌ? essa si rassegnoÌ?. Mormoravamo ambedue
+Per l'ultima volta!
+Fu un istante delizioso. Il proposito fatto a due aveva un'efficacia che cancellava qualsiasi colpa. Eravamo innocenti e beati! Il mio benevolo destino m'aveva riservato un istante di felicitaÌ? perfetta.
+Mi sentivo tanto felice che continuai la commedia fino al momento di dividerci. Non ci saremmo visti mai piuÌ?. Essa rifiutoÌ? la busta che portavo sempre nella mia tasca e non volle neppure un ricordo mio.
+Bisognava cancellare dalla nostra nuova vita ogni traccia dei trascorsi passati. Allora la baciai volentieri paternamente sulla fronte com'essa aveva voluto prima.
+Poi, sulle scale, ebbi un'esitazione percheÌ? la cosa si faceva un poco troppo seria mentre se avessi saputo ch'essa la dimane sarebbe stata tuttavia a mia disposizione, il pensiero al futuro non mi sarebbe venuto cosiÌ? presto. Essa, dal suo pianerottolo, mi guardava scendere ed io, un po' ridendo, le gridai:
+A domani!
+Essa si ritrasse sorpresa e quasi spaventata e si allontanoÌ? dicendo:
+Mai piuÌ?!
+Io mi sentii tuttavia sollevato di aver osato di dire la parola che poteva avviarmi ad un altro ultimo abbraccio quando l'avrei desiderato.
+Privo di desiderii e privo d'impegni, passai tutta una bella giornata con mia moglie eppoi nell'ufficio di Guido. Devo dire che la mancanza d'impegni m'avvicinava a mia moglie e a mia figlia. Ero per loro qualche cosa piuÌ? del solito: non solo gentile, ma un vero padre che dispone e comanda serenamente, tutta la mente rivolta alla sua casa. Andando a letto mi dissi in forma di proponimento:
+Tutte le giornate dovrebbero somigliare a questa.
+Prima di addormentarsi, Augusta sentiÌ? il bisogno di confidarmi un grande segreto: essa lo aveva saputo dalla madre quel giorno stesso. Alcuni giorni prima Ada aveva sorpreso Guido mentre abbracciava una loro domestica. Ada aveva voluto fare la superba, ma poi la fantesca s'era fatta insolente e Ada l'aveva messa alla porta. Il giorno prima erano stati ansiosi di sentire come Guido avrebbe presa la cosa. Se si fosse lagnato, Ada avrebbe domandata la separazione. Ma Guido aveva riso e protestato che Ada non aveva visto bene; peroÌ? non aveva niente in contrario che, anche innocente, quella donna, per cui diceva di sentire una sincera antipatia, fosse stata allontanata di casa. Pareva che ora le cose si fossero appianate.
+A me importava di sapere se Ada avesse avute le traveggole quando aveva sorpreso il marito in quella posizione. C'era ancora la possibilitaÌ? di un dubbio? PercheÌ? bisognava ricordare che quando due s'abbracciano, hanno tutt'altra posizione che quando l'una netta le scarpe dell'altro. Ero di ottimo umore. Sentivo persino il bisogno di dimostrarmi giusto e sereno nel giudicare Guido. Ada era certamente di carattere geloso e poteva avvenire ch'essa avesse viste diminuite le distanze e spostate le persone.
+Con voce accorata Augusta mi disse ch'essa era sicura che Ada aveva visto bene e che ora per troppo affetto giudicava male. Aggiunse:
+Essa avrebbe fatto ben meglio di sposare te!
+Io, che mi sentivo sempre piuÌ? innocente, le regalai la frase:
+Sta a vedere se io avrei fatto un miglior affare sposando lei invece di te!
+Poi, prima d'addormentarmi, mormorai:
+Una bella canaglia! Insudiciare cosiÌ? la propria casa!
+Ero abbastanza sincero di rimproverargli esattamente quella parte della sua azione ch'io non avevo da rimproverare a me stesso.
+La mattina appresso io mi levai col desiderio vivo che almeno quella prima giornata avesse a somigliare esattamente a quella precedente. Era probabile che i proponimenti deliziosi del giorno prima non avrebbero impegnata Carla piuÌ? di me, ed io me ne sentivo del tutto libero. Erano stati troppo belli per essere impegnativi. Certo l'ansia di sapere quello che ne pensasse Carla mi faceva correre. Il mio desiderio sarebbe stato di trovarla pronta per un altro proponimento. La vita sarebbe corsa via, ricca bensiÌ? di godimenti, ma anche piuÌ? di sforzi per migliorarsi, ed ogni mio giorno sarebbe stato dedicato in gran parte al bene ed in piccolissima al rimorso. L'ansia c'era, percheÌ? in tutto quell'anno per me tanto ricco di propositi, Carla non ne aveva avuto che uno: dimostrare di volermi bene. L'aveva mantenuto e c'era una certa difficoltaÌ? d'inferirne se ora le sarebbe stato facile di tenere il nuovo proposito che rompeva il vecchio.
+Carla non c'era a casa. Fu una grande disillusione e mi morsi le dita dal dispiacere. La vecchia mi fece entrare in cucina. Mi raccontoÌ? che Carla sarebbe ritornata prima di sera. Le aveva detto che avrebbe mangiato fuori e percioÌ? su quel focolare non c'era neppure quel piccolo fuoco che vi ardeva di solito:
+Lei non lo sapeva? - mi domandoÌ? la vecchia facendo gli occhi grandi per la sorpresa.
+Pensieroso e distratto, mormorai:
+Ieri lo sapevo. Non ero peroÌ? sicuro che la comunicazione di Carla valesse proprio per oggi.
+Me ne andai dopo di aver salutato gentilmente. Digrignavo i denti, ma di nascosto. Ci voleva del tempo per darmi il coraggio di arrabbiarmi pubblicamente. Entrai nel Giardino Pubblico e vi passeggiai per una mezz'ora per prendermi il tempo d'intendere meglio le cose. Erano tanto chiare che non ci capivo piuÌ? niente. Tutt'ad un tratto, senz'alcuna pietaÌ?, venivo costretto di tenere un proposito simile. Stavo male, realmente male. Zoppicavo e lottavo anche con una specie di affanno. Io ne ho di quegli affanni: respiro benissimo, ma conto i singoli respiri, percheÌ? devo farli uno dopo l'altro di proposito. Ho la sensazione che se non stessi attento, morrei soffocato.
+A quell'ora avrei dovuto andare al mio ufficio o meglio a quello di Guido. Ma non era possibile di allontanarmi cosiÌ? da quel posto. Che cosa avrei fatto poi? Ben dissimile era questa dalla giornata precedente! Almeno avessi conosciuto l'indirizzo di quel maledetto maestro che a forza di cantare a mie spese m'aveva portata via la mia amante.
+Finii col ritornare dalla vecchia. Avrei trovata una parola da mandare a Carla per indurla a rivedermi. GiaÌ? il piuÌ? difficile era di averla al piuÌ? presto a tiro. Il resto non avrebbe offerto delle grandi difficoltaÌ?.
+Trovai la vecchia seduta accanto ad una finestra della cucina intenta a rammendare una calza. Essa si levoÌ? gli occhiali e, quasi timorosa, mi mandoÌ? uno sguardo interrogatore. Io esitai! Poi le domandai:
+Lei sa che Carla ha deciso di sposare il Lali?
+A me pareva di raccontare tale nuova a me stesso. Carla me l'aveva detta ben due volte, ma io il giorno prima vi avevo fatta poca attenzione. Quelle parole di Carla avevano colpito l'orecchio e ben chiaramente percheÌ? ve le avevo ritrovate, ma erano scivolate via senza penetrare oltre. Adesso appena arrivavano ai visceri che si contorcevano dal dolore.
+La vecchia mi guardoÌ? anch'essa esitante. Certamente aveva paura di commettere delle indiscrezioni che avrebbero potuto esserle rimproverate. Poi scoppioÌ?, tutta gioia evidente:
+Glielo ha detto Carla? Allora dovrebbe essere cosiÌ?! Io credo che farebbe bene! Che cosa gliene sembra a lei?
+Ora rideva di gusto, la maledetta vecchia, che io avevo sempre creduto informata dei miei rapporti con Carla. L'avrei picchiata volentieri, ma poi mi limitai a dire che prima avrei atteso che il maestro si facesse una posizione. A me, insomma, pareva che la cosa fosse precipitata.
+Nella sua gioia la signora divenne per la prima volta loquace con me. Non era del mio parere. Quando ci si sposava da giovani, si doveva fare la carriera dopo di essersi sposati.
+PercheÌ? occorreva farla prima? Carla aveva cosiÌ? pochi bisogni. La sua voce, ora, sarebbe costata meno, visto che nel marito avrebbe avuto il maestro.
+Queste parole che potevano significare un rimprovero alla mia avarizia, mi diedero un'idea che mi parve magnifica e che per il momento mi sollevoÌ?. Nel plico che portavo sempre nella mia tasca di petto, doveva esserci oramai un bell'importo. Lo trassi di tasca, lo chiusi e lo consegnai alla vecchia percheÌ? lo desse a Carla. Avevo forse anche il desiderio di pagare finalmente in modo decoroso la mia amante, ma il desiderio piuÌ? forte era di rivederla e riaverla. Carla m'avrebbe rivisto tanto nel caso in cui avesse voluto restituirmi il denaro quanto in quello in cui le fosse stato comodo di tenerlo, percheÌ? allora avrebbe sentito il bisogno di ringraziarmi. Respirai: tutto non era ancora finito per sempre!
+Dissi alla vecchia che la busta conteneva poco denaro residuo di quello consegnatomi per loro dagli amici del povero Copler. Poi, molto rasserenato, mandai a dire a Carla che io restavo il suo buon amico per tutta la vita e che, se essa avesse avuto bisogno di un appoggio, avrebbe potuto rivolgersi liberamente a me. CosiÌ? potei mandarle il mio indirizzo ch'era quello dell'ufficio di Guido.
+Partii con un passo molto piuÌ? elastico di quello che m'aveva condotto colaÌ?.
+Ma quel giorno ebbi un violento litigio con Augusta. Si trattava di cosa da poco. Io dicevo che la minestra era troppo salata ed essa pretendeva di no. Ebbi un accesso folle d'ira percheÌ? mi sembrava ch'essa mi deridesse e trassi a me con violenza la tovaglia cosiÌ? che tutte le stoviglie dalla tavola volarono a terra. La piccina ch'era in braccio della bambinaia si mise a strillare, cioÌ? che mi mortificoÌ? grandemente percheÌ? la piccola bocca sembrava mi rimproverasse. Augusta impallidiÌ? come sapeva impallidire lei, prese la fanciulla in braccio e usciÌ?. A me parve che anche il suo fosse un eccesso: mi avrebbe ora lasciato mangiare solo come un cane? Ma subito essa, senza la bambina, rientroÌ?, riapparecchioÌ? la tavola, sedette dinanzi al proprio piatto nel quale mosse il cucchiaio come se avesse voluto accingersi a mangiare.
+Io, fra me e me, bestemmiavo, ma giaÌ? sapevo d'essere stato un giocattolo in mano di forze sregolate della natura. La natura che non trovava difficoltaÌ? nell'accumularle, ne trovava ancor meno nello scatenarle. Le mie bestemmie andavano ora contro Carla che fingeva di agire solo a vantaggio di mia moglie. Ecco come me l'aveva conciata!
+Augusta, per un sistema cui rimase fedele fino ad oggi, quando mi vede in quelle condizioni, non protesta, non piange, non discute. Quand'io mitemente mi misi a domandarle scusa, essa volle spiegare una cosa: non aveva riso, aveva soltanto sorriso nello stesso modo che m'era piaciuto tante volte e che tante volte avevo vantato.
+Mi vergognai profondamente. Supplicai che la bambina fosse portata subito con noi e quando l'ebbi fra le mie braccia, lungamente giuocai con lei. Poi la feci sedere sulla mia testa e sotto la sua vesticciuola che mi copriva la faccia, asciugai i miei occhi che s'erano bagnati delle lacrime che Augusta non aveva sparse.
+Giocavo con la bambina, sapendo che cosiÌ?, senz'abbassarmi a fare delle scuse, mi riavvicinavo ad Augusta e infatti le sue guancie avevano giaÌ? riacquistato il loro colore consueto.
+Poi anche quella giornata finiÌ? molto bene e il pomeriggio somiglioÌ? a quello precedente. Era proprio la stessa cosa come se alla mattina avessi trovata Carla al solito posto. Non m'era mancato lo sfogo. Avevo ripetutamente domandato scusa percheÌ? dovevo indurre Augusta di ritornare al suo sorriso materno quando dicevo o facevo delle bizzarrie. Guai se avesse dovuto forzarsi ad avere in mia presenza un dato contegno o se avesse dovuto sopprimere anche uno dei soliti suoi sorrisi affettuosi che mi parevano il giudizio piuÌ? completo e benevolo che si potesse dare su me.
+Alla sera riparlammo di Guido. Pareva che la sua pace con Ada fosse completa. Augusta si meravigliava della bontaÌ? di sua sorella. Questa volta peroÌ? toccava a me di sorridere percheÌ? era evidente ch'ella non ricordava la propria bontaÌ? che era enorme. Le domandai:
+E se io insudiciassi la nostra casa, non mi perdoneresti? - Ella esitoÌ?:
+Noi abbiamo la nostra bambina, - esclamoÌ? - mentre Ada non ha dei figliuoli che la leghino a quell'uomo.
+Ella non amava Guido; penso talvolta che gli tenesse rancore percheÌ? m'aveva fatto soffrire.
+Pochi mesi dopo, Ada regaloÌ? a Guido due gemelli e Guido non comprese mai percheÌ? gli facessi delle congratulazioni tanto calorose. Ecco che avendo dei figlioli, anche secondo il giudizio di Augusta, le serve di casa potevano essere sue senza pericolo per lui.
+Alla mattina seguente, peroÌ?, quando in ufficio trovai sul mio tavolo una busta al mio indirizzo scritto da Carla, respirai. Ecco che niente era finito e che si poteva continuare a vivere munito di tutti gli elementi necessarii. In brevi parole Carla mi dava un appuntamento per le undici della mattina al Giardino Pubblico, all'ingresso posto di faccia alla sua casa. Ci saremmo trovati non nella sua stanza, ma tuttavia in un posto vicinissimo alla stessa.
+Non seppi aspettare e arrivai all'appuntamento un quarto d'ora prima. Se Carla non fosse stata al posto indicato, io mi sarei recato dritto dritto a casa sua, cioÌ? che sarebbe stato ben piuÌ? comodo.
+Anche quella era una giornata pregna della nuova primavera dolce e luminosa. Quando abbandonai la rumorosa Corsia Stadion ed entrai nel giardino, mi trovai nel silenzio della campagna che non si puoÌ? dire interrotto dal lieve, continuo stormire delle piante lambite dalla brezza.
+Con passo celere m'avviavo ad uscire dal giardino quando Carla mi venne incontro. Aveva in mano la mia busta e mi si avvicinava senza un sorriso di saluto, anzi con una rigida decisione sulla faccina pallida. Portava un semplice vestito di tela dal tessuto grosso traversato da striscie azzurre, che le stava molto bene. Pareva anch'essa una parte del giardino. PiuÌ? tardi, nei momenti in cui piuÌ? la odiai, le attribuii l'intenzione di essersi vestita cosiÌ? per rendersi piuÌ? desiderabile nel momento stesso in cui mi si rifiutava. Era invece il primo giorno di primavera che la vestiva. Bisogna anche ricordare che nel mio lungo ma brusco amore, l'adornamento della mia donna aveva avuto piccolissima parte.
+Io ero sempre andato direttamente a quella sua stanza da studio, e le donne modeste sono proprio molto semplici quando restano in casa.
+Essa mi porse la mano ch'io strinsi dicendole:
+Ti ringrazio di essere venuta!
+Come sarebbe stato piuÌ? decoroso per me se durante tutto quel colloquio io fossi rimasto cosiÌ? mite!
+Carla pareva commossa e, quando parlava, una specie di convulso le faceva tremare le labbra. Talvolta anche nel cantare quel movimento delle labbra le impediva la nota. Mi disse:
+Vorrei compiacerti e accettare da te questo denaro, ma non posso, assolutamente non posso. Te ne prego, riprendilo.
+Vedendola vicina alle lacrime, subito la compiacqui prendendo la busta che mi ritrovai poi in mano, lungo tempo dopo di aver abbandonato quel luogo.
+Veramente non ne vuoi piuÌ? sapere di me?
+Feci questa domanda non pensando ch'essa vi aveva risposto il giorno prima. Ma era possibile che, desiderabile come la vedevo, essa si contendesse a me?
+Zeno! - rispose la fanciulla con qualche dolcezza, - non avevamo noi promesso che non ci saremmo rivisti mai piuÌ?? In seguito a quella nostra promessa ho assunti degl'impegni che somigliano a quelli che tu avevi giaÌ? prima di conoscermi. Sono altrettanto sacri dei tuoi. Io spero che a quest'ora tua moglie si saraÌ? accorta che sei tutto suo.
+Nel suo pensiero continuava dunque ad avere importanza la bellezza di Ada. Se io fossi stato sicuro che il suo abbandono era causato da lei, avrei avuto il modo di correre al riparo. Le avrei fatto sapere che Ada non era mia moglie e le avrei fatto vedere Augusta col suo occhio sbilenco e la sua figura di balia sana. Ma non erano oramai piuÌ? importanti gl'impegni presi da lei? Bisognava discutere quelli.
+Cercai di parlare calmo mentre anche a me le labbra tremavano, ma dal desiderio. Le raccontai che ancora ella non sapeva quanto mia essa fosse e come non avesse piuÌ? il diritto di disporre di seÌ?. Nella mia testa si moveva la prova scientifica di quanto volevo dire, cioeÌ? quel celebre esperimento di Darwin su una cavalla araba, ma, grazie al Cielo, sono quasi sicuro di non averne parlato. Devo peroÌ? aver parlato di bestie e della loro fedeltaÌ? fisica, in un balbettio senza senso. Abbandonai poi gli argomenti piuÌ? difficili che non erano accessibili neÌ? a lei neÌ? a me in quel momento e dissi: - Quali impegni puoi avere presi? E quale importanza possono avere in confronto a un affetto come quello che ci legoÌ? per piuÌ? di un anno?
+L'afferrai rudemente per la mano sentendo il bisogno di un atto energico, non trovando nessuna parola che sapesse supplirvi.
+Essa si levoÌ? con tanta energia dalla mia stretta come se fosse stata la prima volta ch'io mi fossi permessa una cosa simile.
+Mai disse con l'atteggiamento di chi giura - ho preso un impegno piuÌ? sacro! L'ho preso con un uomo che a sua volta ne assunse uno identico verso di me.
+Non v'era dubbio! Il sangue che le coloriÌ? improvvisamente le guancie vi era spinto dal rancore per l'uomo che verso di lei non aveva assunto alcun impegno. E si spiegoÌ? anche meglio:
+Ieri abbiamo camminato per le strade, uno a braccio dell'altra in compagnia di sua madre.
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+Tutto il giorno Efix, il servo delle dame Pintor, aveva lavorato a rinforzare l'argine primitivo da lui stesso costruito un po' per volta a furia d'anni e di fatica, giuÌ? in fondo al poderetto lungo il fiume: e al cader della sera contemplava la sua opera dall'alto, seduto davanti alla capanna sotto il ciglione glauco di canne a mezza costa sulla bianca Collina dei Colombi.
+Eccolo tutto ai suoi piedi, silenzioso e qua e laÌ? scintillante d'acque nel crepuscolo, il poderetto che Efix considerava piuÌ? suo che delle sue padrone: trent'anni di possesso e di lavoro lo han fatto ben suo, e le siepi di fichi d'India che lo chiudono dall'alto in basso come due muri grigi serpeggianti di scaglione in scaglione dalla collina al fiume, gli sembrano i confini del mondo.
+Il servo non guardava al di laÌ? del poderetto anche percheÌ? i terreni da una parte e dall'altra erano un tempo appartenuti alle sue padrone: percheÌ? ricordare il passato? Rimpianto inutile. Meglio pensare all'avvenire e sperare nell'aiuto di Dio.
+E Dio prometteva una buona annata, o per lo meno faceva ricoprir di fiori tutti i mandorli e i peschi della valle; e questa, fra due file di colline bianche, con lontananze cerule di monti ad occidente e di mare ad oriente, coperta di vegetazione primaverile, d'acque, di macchie, di fiori, dava l'idea di una culla gonfia di veli verdi, di nastri azzurri, col mormoriÌ?o del fiume monotono come quello di un bambino che s'addormentava.
+Ma le giornate eran giaÌ? troppo calde ed Efix pensava anche alle piogge torrenziali che gonfiano il fiume senz'argini e lo fanno balzare come un mostro e distruggere ogni cosa: sperare, siÌ?, ma non fidarsi anche; star vigili come le canne sopra il ciglione che ad ogni soffio di vento si battono l'una all'altra le foglie come per avvertirsi del pericolo.
+Per questo aveva lavorato tutto il giorno e adesso, in attesa della notte, mentre per non perder tempo intesseva una stuoia di giunchi, pregava percheÌ? Dio rendesse valido il suo lavoro. Che cosa eÌ? un piccolo argine se Dio non lo rende, col suo volere, formidabile come una montagna?
+Sette giunchi attraverso un vimine, dunque, e sette preghiere al Signore ed a Nostra Signora del Rimedio, benedetta ella sia, ecco laggiuÌ? nell'estremo azzurro del crepuscolo la chiesetta e il recinto di capanne quieto come un villaggio preistorico abbandonato da secoli. A quell'ora, mentre la luna sbocciava come una grande rosa fra i cespugli della collina e le euforbie odoravano lungo il fiume, anche le padrone di Efix pregavano: donna Ester la piuÌ? vecchia, benedetta ella sia, si ricordava certo di lui peccatore: bastava questo percheÌ? egli si sentisse contento, compensato delle sue fatiche.
+Un passo in lontananza gli fece sollevar gli occhi. Gli sembroÌ? di riconoscerlo; era un passo rapido e lieve di fanciullo, passo d'angelo che corre ad annunziare le cose liete e le tristi. Sia fatto il volere di Dio: eÌ? lui che manda le buone e le cattive notizie; ma il cuore comincioÌ? a tremargli, ed anche le dita nere screpolate tremarono coi giunchi argentei lucenti alla luna come fili d'acqua.
+Il passo non s'udiva piuÌ?: Efix tuttavia rimase ancora laÌ?, immobile ad aspettare.
+La luna saliva davanti a lui, e le voci della sera avvertivano l'uomo che la sua giornata era finita. Era il grido cadenzato del cuculo, il zirlio dei grilli precoci, qualche gemito d'uccello; era il sospiro delle canne e la voce sempre piuÌ? chiara del fiume: ma era soprattutto un soffio, un ansito misterioso che pareva uscire dalla terra stessa; siÌ?, la giornata dell'uomo lavoratore era finita, ma cominciava la vita fantastica dei folletti, delle fate, degli spiriti erranti. I fantasmi degli antichi Baroni scendevano dalle rovine del castello sopra il paese di Galte, su, all'orizzonte a sinistra di Efix, e percorrevano le sponde del fiume alla caccia dei cinghiali e delle volpi: le loro armi scintillavano in mezzo ai bassi ontani della riva, e l'abbaiar fioco dei cani in lontananza indicava il loro passaggio.
+Efix sentiva il rumore che le panas1 facevano nel lavar i loro panni giuÌ? al fiume, battendoli con uno stinco di morto e credeva di intraveder l'ammattadore , folletto con sette berretti entro i quali conserva un tesoro, balzar di qua e di laÌ? sotto il bosco di mandorli, inseguito dai vampiri con la coda di acciaio.
+Era il suo passaggio che destava lo scintillio dei rami e delle pietre sotto la luna: e agli spiriti maligni si univano quelli dei bambini non battezzati, spiriti bianchi che volavano per aria tramutandosi nelle nuvolette argentee dietro la luna: e i nani e le janas , piccole fate che durante la giornata stanno nelle loro case di roccia a tesser stoffe d'oro in telai d'oro, ballavano all'ombra delle grandi macchie di filireÌ?a, mentre i giganti s'affacciavano fra le rocce dei monti battuti dalla luna, tenendo per la briglia gli enormi cavalli verdi che essi soltanto sanno montare, spiando se laggiuÌ? fra le distese d'euforbia malefica si nascondeva qualche drago o se il leggendario serpente cananeÌ?a , vivente fin dai tempi di Cristo, strisciava sulle sabbie intorno alla palude.
+Specialmente nelle notti di luna tutto questo popolo misterioso anima le colline e le valli: l'uomo non ha diritto a turbarlo con la sua presenza, come gli spiriti han rispettato lui durante il corso del sole; eÌ? dunque tempo di ritirarsi e chiuder gli occhi sotto la protezione degli angeli custodi.
+Efix si fece il segno della croce e si alzoÌ?: ma aspettava ancora che qualcuno arrivasse. Tuttavia spinse l'asse che serviva da porticina e vi appoggioÌ? contro una gran croce di canne che doveva impedire ai folletti e alle tentazioni di penetrare nella capanna.
+Il chiarore della luna illuminava attraverso le fessure la stanza stretta e bassa agli angoli, ma abbastanza larga per lui che era piccolo e scarno come un adolescente. Dal tetto a cono, di canne e giunchi, che copriva i muri a secco e aveva un foro nel mezzo per l'uscita del fumo, pendevano grappoli di cipolle e mazzi d'erbe secche, croci di palma e rami d'ulivo benedetto, un cero dipinto, una falce contro i vampiri e un sacchetto di orzo contro le panas : ad ogni soffio tutto tremava e i fili dei ragni lucevano alla luna. GiuÌ? per terra la brocca riposava con le sue anse sui fianchi e la pentola capovolta le dormiva accanto.
+Efix preparoÌ? la stuoia, ma non si coricoÌ?. Gli sembrava sempre di sentire il rumore dei passi infantili: qualcuno veniva di certo e infatti a un tratto i cani cominciarono ad abbaiare nei poderi vicini, e tutto il paesaggio che pochi momenti prima pareva si fosse addormentato fra il mormorio di preghiera delle voci notturne, fu pieno di echi e di fremiti quasi si svegliasse di soprassalto.
+Efix riapriÌ?. Una figura nera saliva attraverso la china ove giaÌ? le fave basse ondulavano argentee alla luna, ed egli, a cui durante la notte anche le figure umane parevan misteriose, si fece di nuovo il segno della croce. Ma una voce conosciuta lo chiamoÌ?: era la voce fresca ma un po' ansante di un ragazzo che abitava accanto alla casa delle dame Pintor.
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+Rivelazione di GesuÌ? Cristo che Dio gli diede per render noto ai suoi servi le cose che devono presto accadere, e che egli manifestoÌ? inviando il suo angelo al suo servo Giovanni. Questi attesta la parola di Dio e la testimonianza di GesuÌ? Cristo, riferendo cioÌ? che ha visto. Beato chi legge e beati coloro che ascoltano le parole di questa profezia e mettono in pratica le cose che vi sono scritte. PercheÌ? il tempo eÌ? vicino.
+Giovanni alle sette Chiese che sono in Asia: grazia a voi e pace da Colui che eÌ?, che era e che viene, dai sette spiriti che stanno davanti al suo trono, e da GesuÌ? Cristo, il testimone fedele, il primogenito dei morti e il principe dei re della terra.
+A Colui che ci ama e ci ha liberati dai nostri peccati con il suo sangue, che ha fatto di noi un regno di sacerdoti per il suo Dio e Padre, a lui la gloria e la potenza nei secoli dei secoli. Amen.
+Ecco, viene sulle nubi e ognuno lo vedraÌ?; anche quelli che lo trafissero e tutte le nazioni della terra si batteranno per lui il petto.
+SiÌ?, Amen!
+Io sono l'Alfa e l'Omega, dice il Signore Dio, Colui che eÌ?, che era e che viene, l'Onnipotente!
+Io, Giovanni, vostro fratello e vostro compagno nella tribolazione, nel regno e nella costanza in GesuÌ?, mi trovavo nell'isola chiamata Patmos a causa della parola di Dio e della testimonianza resa a GesuÌ?. Rapito in estasi, nel giorno del Signore, udii dietro di me una voce potente, come di tromba, che diceva: Quello che vedi, scrivilo in un libro e mandalo alle sette Chiese: a EÌ?feso, a Smirne, a PeÌ?rgamo, a TiaÌ?tira, a Sardi, a FiladeÌ?lfia e a LaodiceÌ?a. Ora, come mi voltai per vedere chi fosse colui che mi parlava, vidi sette candelabri d'oro e in mezzo ai candelabri c'era uno simile a figlio di uomo, con un abito lungo fino ai piedi e cinto al petto con una fascia d'oro. I capelli della testa erano candidi, simili a lana candida, come neve. Aveva gli occhi fiammeggianti come fuoco, i piedi avevano l'aspetto del bronzo splendente purificato nel crogiuolo. La voce era simile al fragore di grandi acque. Nella destra teneva sette stelle, dalla bocca gli usciva una sp
ada affilata a doppio taglio e il suo volto somigliava al sole quando splende in tutta la sua forza.
+Appena lo vidi, caddi ai suoi piedi come morto. Ma egli, posando su di me la destra, mi disse: Non temere! Io sono il Primo e l'Ultimo e il Vivente. Io ero morto, ma ora vivo per sempre e ho potere sopra la morte e sopra gli inferi. Scrivi dunque le cose che hai visto, quelle che sono e quelle che accadranno dopo. Questo eÌ? il senso recondito delle sette stelle che hai visto nella mia destra e dei sette candelabri d'oro, eccolo: le sette stelle sono gli angeli delle sette Chiese e le sette lampade sono le sette Chiese.
+CosiÌ? parla Colui che tiene le sette stelle nella sua destra e cammina in mezzo ai sette candelabri d'oro: Conosco le tue opere, la tua fatica e la tua costanza, per cui non puoi sopportare i cattivi; li hai messi alla prova - quelli che si dicono apostoli e non lo sono - e li hai trovati bugiardi. Sei costante e hai molto sopportato per il mio nome, senza stancarti. Ho peroÌ? da rimproverarti che hai abbandonato il tuo amore di prima. Ricorda dunque da dove sei caduto, ravvediti e compi le opere di prima. Se non ti ravvederai, verroÌ? da te e rimuoveroÌ? il tuo candelabro dal suo posto. Tuttavia hai questo di buono, che detesti le opere dei NicolaiÌ?ti, che anch'io detesto.
+Chi ha orecchi, ascolti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese: Al vincitore daroÌ? da mangiare dell'albero della vita, che sta nel paradiso di Dio.
+CosiÌ? parla il Primo e l'Ultimo, che era morto ed eÌ? tornato alla vita: Conosco la tua tribolazione, la tua povertaÌ? - tuttavia sei ricco - e la calunnia da parte di quelli che si proclamano Giudei e non lo sono, ma appartengono alla sinagoga di satana. Non temere cioÌ? che stai per soffrire: ecco, il diavolo sta per gettare alcuni di voi in carcere, per mettervi alla prova e avrete una tribolazione per dieci giorni. Sii fedele fino alla morte e ti daroÌ? la corona della vita.
+Chi ha orecchi, ascolti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese: Il vincitore non saraÌ? colpito dalla seconda morte.
+CosiÌ? parla Colui che ha la spada affilata a due tagli: So che abiti dove satana ha il suo trono; tuttavia tu tieni saldo il mio nome e non hai rinnegato la mia fede neppure al tempo in cui AntiÌ?pa, il mio fedele testimone, fu messo a morte nella vostra cittaÌ?, dimora di satana. Ma ho da rimproverarti alcune cose: hai presso di te seguaci della dottrina di BalaaÌ?m, il quale insegnava a Balak a provocare la caduta dei figli d'Israele, spingendoli a mangiare carni immolate agli idoli e ad abbandonarsi alla fornicazione. CosiÌ? pure hai di quelli che seguono la dottrina dei NicolaiÌ?ti. Ravvediti dunque; altrimenti verroÌ? presto da te e combatteroÌ? contro di loro con la spada della mia bocca.
+Chi ha orecchi, ascolti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese: Al vincitore daroÌ? la manna nascosta e una pietruzza bianca sulla quale sta scritto un nome nuovo, che nessuno conosce all'infuori di chi la riceve.
+CosiÌ? parla il Figlio di Dio, Colui che ha gli occhi fiammeggianti come fuoco e i piedi simili a bronzo splendente. Conosco le tue opere, la caritaÌ?, la fede, il servizio e la costanza e so che le tue ultime opere sono migliori delle prime. Ma ho da rimproverarti che lasci fare a IezabeÌ?le, la donna che si spaccia per profetessa e insegna e seduce i miei servi inducendoli a darsi alla fornicazione e a mangiare carni immolate agli idoli. Io le ho dato tempo per ravvedersi, ma essa non si vuol ravvedere dalla sua dissolutezza. Ebbene, io getteroÌ? lei in un letto di dolore e coloro che commettono adulterio con lei in una grande tribolazione, se non si ravvederanno dalle opere che ha loro insegnato. ColpiroÌ? a morte i suoi figli e tutte le Chiese sapranno che io sono Colui che scruta gli affetti e i pensieri degli uomini, e daroÌ? a ciascuno di voi secondo le proprie opere. A voi di TiaÌ?tira invece che non seguite questa dottrina, che non avete conosciuto le profonditaÌ? d
i satana - come le chiamano - non imporroÌ? altri pesi; ma quello che possedete tenetelo saldo fino al mio ritorno. Al vincitore che persevera sino alla fine nelle mie opere, daroÌ? autoritaÌ? sopra le nazioni; le pascoleraÌ? con bastone di ferro e le frantumeraÌ? come vasi di terracotta,
+con la stessa autoritaÌ? che a me fu data dal Padre mio e daroÌ? a lui la stella del mattino. Chi ha orecchi, ascolti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese.
+CosiÌ? parla Colui che possiede i sette spiriti di Dio e le sette stelle: Conosco le tue opere; ti si crede vivo e invece sei morto. Svegliati e rinvigorisci cioÌ? che rimane e sta per morire, percheÌ? non ho trovato le tue opere perfette davanti al mio Dio. Ricorda dunque come hai accolto la parola, osservala e ravvediti, percheÌ? se non sarai vigilante, verroÌ? come un ladro senza che tu sappia in quale ora io verroÌ? da te. Tuttavia a Sardi vi sono alcuni che non hanno macchiato le loro vesti; essi mi scorteranno in vesti bianche, percheÌ? ne sono degni. Il vincitore saraÌ? dunque vestito di bianche vesti, non cancelleroÌ? il suo nome dal libro della vita, ma lo riconosceroÌ? davanti al Padre mio e davanti ai suoi angeli. Chi ha orecchi, ascolti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese.
+CosiÌ? parla il Santo, il Verace, Colui che ha la chiave di Davide: quando egli apre nessuno chiude, e quando chiude nessuno apre.
+Conosco le tue opere. Ho aperto davanti a te una porta che nessuno puoÌ? chiudere. Per quanto tu abbia poca forza, pure hai osservato la mia parola e non hai rinnegato il mio nome. Ebbene, ti faccio dono di alcuni della sinagoga di satana - di quelli che si dicono Giudei, ma mentiscono percheÌ? non lo sono -: li faroÌ? venire percheÌ? si prostrino ai tuoi piedi e sappiano che io ti ho amato. PoicheÌ? hai osservato con costanza la mia parola, anch'io ti preserveroÌ? nell'ora della tentazione che sta per venire sul mondo intero, per mettere alla prova gli abitanti della terra. VerroÌ? presto. Tieni saldo quello che hai, percheÌ? nessuno ti tolga la corona. Il vincitore lo porroÌ? come una colonna nel tempio del mio Dio e non ne usciraÌ? mai piuÌ?. IncideroÌ? su di lui il nome del mio Dio e il nome della cittaÌ? del mio Dio, della nuova Gerusalemme che discende dal cielo, da presso il mio Dio, insieme con il mio nome nuovo. Chi ha orecchi, ascolti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle
Chiese.
+CosiÌ? parla l'Amen, il Testimone fedele e verace, il Principio della creazione di Dio: Conosco le tue opere: tu non sei neÌ? freddo neÌ? caldo. Magari tu fossi freddo o caldo! Ma poicheÌ? sei tiepido, non sei cioeÌ? neÌ? freddo neÌ? caldo, sto per vomitarti dalla mia bocca. Tu dici: "Sono ricco, mi sono arricchito; non ho bisogno di nulla", ma non sai di essere un infelice, un miserabile, un povero, cieco e nudo. Ti consiglio di comperare da me oro purificato dal fuoco per diventare ricco, vesti bianche per coprirti e nascondere la vergognosa tua nuditaÌ? e collirio per ungerti gli occhi e ricuperare la vista. Io tutti quelli che amo li rimprovero e li castigo. Mostrati dunque zelante e ravvediti. Ecco, sto alla porta e busso. Se qualcuno ascolta la mia voce e mi apre la porta, io verroÌ? da lui, ceneroÌ? con lui ed egli con me. Il vincitore lo faroÌ? sedere presso di me, sul mio trono, come io ho vinto e mi sono assiso presso il Padre mio sul suo trono. Chi ha orecchi, asc
olti cioÌ? che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese.
+Dopo cioÌ? ebbi una visione: una porta era aperta nel cielo. La voce che prima avevo udito parlarmi come una tromba diceva: Sali quassuÌ?, ti mostreroÌ? le cose che devono accadere in seguito. Subito fui rapito in estasi. Ed ecco, c'era un trono nel cielo, e sul trono uno stava seduto. Colui che stava seduto era simile nell'aspetto a diaspro e cornalina. Un arcobaleno simile a smeraldo avvolgeva il trono. Attorno al trono, poi, c'erano ventiquattro seggi e sui seggi stavano seduti ventiquattro vegliardi avvolti in candide vesti con corone d'oro sul capo. Dal trono uscivano lampi, voci e tuoni; sette lampade accese ardevano davanti al trono, simbolo dei sette spiriti di Dio. Davanti al trono vi era come un mare trasparente simile a cristallo. In mezzo al trono e intorno al trono vi erano quattro esseri viventi pieni d'occhi davanti e di dietro. Il primo vivente era simile a un leone, il secondo essere vivente aveva l'aspetto di un vitello, il terzo vivente aveva l'aspetto d'u
omo, il quarto vivente era simile a un'aquila mentre vola. I quattro esseri viventi hanno ciascuno sei ali, intorno e dentro sono costellati di occhi; giorno e notte non cessano di ripetere:
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+E vidi nella mano destra di Colui che era assiso sul trono un libro a forma di rotolo, scritto sul lato interno e su quello esterno, sigillato con sette sigilli. Vidi un angelo forte che proclamava a gran voce: "Chi eÌ? degno di aprire il libro e scioglierne i sigilli?". Ma nessuno neÌ? in cielo, neÌ? in terra, neÌ? sotto terra era in grado di aprire il libro e di leggerlo. Io piangevo molto percheÌ? non si trovava nessuno degno di aprire il libro e di leggerlo. Uno dei vegliardi mi disse: "Non piangere piuÌ?; ha vinto il leone della tribuÌ? di Giuda, il Germoglio di Davide, e apriraÌ? il libro e i suoi sette sigilli".
+Poi vidi ritto in mezzo al trono circondato dai quattro esseri viventi e dai vegliardi un Agnello, come immolato. Egli aveva sette corna e sette occhi, simbolo dei sette spiriti di Dio mandati su tutta la terra. E l'Agnello giunse e prese il libro dalla destra di Colui che era seduto sul trono. E quando l'ebbe preso, i quattro esseri viventi e i ventiquattro vegliardi si prostrarono davanti all'Agnello, avendo ciascuno un'arpa e coppe d'oro colme di profumi, che sono le preghiere dei santi. Cantavano un canto nuovo:
+Allora venne data a ciascuno di essi una veste candida e fu detto loro di pazientare ancora un poco, fincheÌ? fosse completo il numero dei loro compagni di servizio e dei loro fratelli che dovevano essere uccisi come loro.
+Quando l'Agnello apriÌ? il sesto sigillo, vidi che vi fu un violento terremoto. Il sole divenne nero come sacco di crine, la luna diventoÌ? tutta simile al sangue, le stelle del cielo si abbatterono sopra la terra, come quando un fico, sbattuto dalla bufera, lascia cadere i fichi immaturi. Il cielo si ritiroÌ? come un volume che si arrotola e tutti i monti e le isole furono smossi dal loro posto. Allora i re della terra e i grandi, i capitani, i ricchi e i potenti, e infine ogni uomo, schiavo o libero, si nascosero tutti nelle caverne e fra le rupi dei monti; e dicevano ai monti e alle rupi: Cadete sopra di noi e nascondeteci dalla faccia di Colui che siede sul trono e dall'ira dell'Agnello, percheÌ? eÌ? venuto il gran giorno della loro ira, e chi vi puoÌ? resistere?
+Dopo cioÌ?, vidi quattro angeli che stavano ai quattro angoli della terra, e trattenevano i quattro venti, percheÌ? non soffiassero sulla terra, neÌ? sul mare, neÌ? su alcuna pianta.
+Vidi poi un altro angelo che saliva dall'oriente e aveva il sigillo del Dio vivente. E gridoÌ? a gran voce ai quattro angeli ai quali era stato concesso il potere di devastare la terra e il mare: "Non devastate neÌ? la terra, neÌ? il mare, neÌ? le piante, fincheÌ? non abbiamo impresso il sigillo del nostro Dio sulla fronte dei suoi servi".
+Dopo cioÌ?, apparve una moltitudine immensa, che nessuno poteva contare, di ogni nazione, razza, popolo e lingua. Tutti stavano in piedi davanti al trono e davanti all'Agnello, avvolti in vesti candide, e portavano palme nelle mani. E gridavano a gran voce:
+Uno dei vegliardi allora si rivolse a me e disse: "Quelli che sono vestiti di bianco, chi sono e donde vengono?". Gli risposi: "Signore mio, tu lo sai". E lui: "Essi sono coloro che sono passati attraverso la grande tribolazione e hanno lavato le loro vesti rendendole candide col sangue dell'Agnello. Per questo stanno davanti al trono di Dio e gli prestano servizio giorno e notte nel suo santuario; e Colui che siede sul trono stenderaÌ? la sua tenda sopra di loro.
+Quando l'Agnello apriÌ? il settimo sigillo, si fece silenzio in cielo per circa mezz'ora. Vidi che ai sette angeli ritti davanti a Dio furono date sette trombe.
+Poi venne un altro angelo e si fermoÌ? all'altare, reggendo un incensiere d'oro. Gli furono dati molti profumi percheÌ? li offrisse insieme con le preghiere di tutti i santi bruciandoli sull'altare d'oro, posto davanti al trono. E dalla mano dell'angelo il fumo degli aromi saliÌ? davanti a Dio, insieme con le preghiere dei santi. Poi l'angelo prese l'incensiere, lo riempiÌ? del fuoco preso dall'altare e lo gettoÌ? sulla terra: ne seguirono scoppi di tuono, clamori, fulmini e scosse di terremoto.
+I sette angeli che avevano le sette trombe si accinsero a suonarle.
+Appena il primo suonoÌ? la tromba, grandine e fuoco mescolati a sangue scrosciarono sulla terra. Un terzo della terra fu arso, un terzo degli alberi andoÌ? bruciato e ogni erba verde si seccoÌ?.
+Il secondo angelo suonoÌ? la tromba: come una gran montagna di fuoco fu scagliata nel mare. Un terzo del mare divenne sangue, un terzo delle creature che vivono nel mare moriÌ? e un terzo delle navi andoÌ? distrutto.
+Il terzo angelo suonoÌ? la tromba e cadde dal cielo una grande stella, ardente come una torcia, e colpiÌ? un terzo dei fiumi e le sorgenti delle acque. La stella si chiama Assenzio; un terzo delle acque si mutoÌ? in assenzio e molti uomini morirono per quelle acque, percheÌ? erano divenute amare.
+Il quarto angelo suonoÌ? la tromba e un terzo del sole, un terzo della luna e un terzo degli astri fu colpito e si oscuroÌ?: il giorno perse un terzo della sua luce e la notte ugualmente.
+Vidi poi e udii un'aquila che volava nell'alto del cielo e gridava a gran voce: "Guai, guai, guai agli abitanti della terra al suono degli ultimi squilli di tromba che i tre angeli sanno per suonare!".
+Il quinto angelo suonoÌ? la tromba e vidi un astro caduto dal cielo sulla terra. Gli fu data la chiave del pozzo dell'Abisso; egli apriÌ? il pozzo dell'Abisso e saliÌ? dal pozzo un fumo come il fumo di una grande fornace, che oscuroÌ? il sole e l'atmosfera. Dal fumo uscirono cavallette che si sparsero sulla terra e fu dato loro un potere pari a quello degli scorpioni della terra. E fu detto loro di non danneggiare neÌ? erba neÌ? arbusti neÌ? alberi, ma soltanto gli uomini che non avessero il sigillo di Dio sulla fronte. PeroÌ? non fu concesso loro di ucciderli, ma di tormentarli per cinque mesi, e il tormento eÌ? come il tormento dello scorpione quando punge un uomo. In quei giorni gli uomini cercheranno la morte, ma non la troveranno; brameranno morire, ma la morte li fuggiraÌ?.
+Queste cavallette avevano l'aspetto di cavalli pronti per la guerra. Sulla testa avevano corone che sembravano d'oro e il loro aspetto era come quello degli uomini. Avevano capelli, come capelli di donne, ma i loro denti erano come quelli dei leoni. Avevano il ventre simile a corazze di ferro e il rombo delle loro ali come rombo di carri trainati da molti cavalli lanciati all'assalto. Avevano code come gli scorpioni, e aculei. Nelle loro code il potere di far soffrire gli uomini per cinque mesi. ]Il loro re era l'angelo dell'Abisso, che in ebraico si chiama Perdizione, in greco Sterminatore.
+Il primo "guai" eÌ? passato. Rimangono ancora due "guai" dopo queste cose.
+Il sesto angelo suonoÌ? la tromba. Allora udii una voce dai lati dell'altare d'oro che si trova dinanzi a Dio. E diceva al sesto angelo che aveva la tromba: "Sciogli i quattro angeli incatenati sul gran fiume EufraÌ?te". Furono sciolti i quattro angeli pronti per l'ora, il giorno, il mese e l'anno per sterminare un terzo dell'umanitaÌ?. Il numero delle truppe di cavalleria era duecento milioni; ne intesi il numero. CosiÌ? mi apparvero i cavalli e i cavalieri: questi avevano corazze di fuoco, di giacinto, di zolfo. Le teste dei cavalli erano come le teste dei leoni e dalla loro bocca usciva fuoco, fumo e zolfo. Da questo triplice flagello, dal fuoco, dal fumo e dallo zolfo che usciva dalla loro bocca, fu ucciso un terzo dell'umanitaÌ?. La potenza dei cavalli infatti sta nella loro bocca e nelle loro code; le loro code sono simili a serpenti, hanno teste e con esse nuociono.
+Il resto dell'umanitaÌ? che non periÌ? a causa di questi flagelli, non rinunzioÌ? alle opere delle sue mani; non cessoÌ? di prestar culto ai demoÌ?ni e agli idoli d'oro, d'argento, di bronzo, di pietra e di legno, che non possono neÌ? vedere, neÌ? udire, neÌ? camminare; non rinunzioÌ? nemmeno agli omicidi, neÌ? alle stregonerie, neÌ? alla fornicazione, neÌ? alle ruberie.
+Vidi poi un altro angelo, possente, discendere dal cielo, avvolto in una nube, la fronte cinta di un arcobaleno; aveva la faccia come il sole e le gambe come colonne di fuoco. Nella mano teneva un piccolo libro aperto. Avendo posto il piede destro sul mare e il sinistro sulla terra, gridoÌ? a gran voce come leone che ruggisce. E quando ebbe gridato, i sette tuoni fecero udire la loro voce. DopocheÌ? i sette tuoni ebbero fatto udire la loro voce, io ero pronto a scrivere quando udii una voce dal cielo che mi disse: "Metti sotto sigillo quello che hanno detto i sette tuoni e non scriverlo".
+Allora l'angelo che avevo visto con un piede sul mare e un piede sulla terra,
+Poi la voce che avevo udito dal cielo mi parloÌ? di nuovo: "Va', prendi il libro aperto dalla mano dell'angelo che sta ritto sul mare e sulla terra". Allora mi avvicinai all'angelo e lo pregai di darmi il piccolo libro. Ed egli mi disse: "Prendilo e divoralo; ti riempiraÌ? di amarezza le viscere, ma in bocca ti saraÌ? dolce come il miele". Presi quel piccolo libro dalla mano dell'angelo e lo divorai; in bocca lo sentii dolce come il miele, ma come l'ebbi inghiottito ne sentii nelle viscere tutta l'amarezza. Allora mi fu detto: "Devi profetizzare ancora su molti popoli, nazioni e re".
+Poi mi fu data una canna simile a una verga e mi fu detto: "Alzati e misura il santuario di Dio e l'altare e il numero di quelli che vi stanno adorando. Ma l'atrio che eÌ? fuori del santuario, lascialo da parte e non lo misurare, percheÌ? eÌ? stato dato in baliÌ?a dei pagani, i quali calpesteranno la cittaÌ? santa per quarantadue mesi. Ma faroÌ? in modo che i miei due Testimoni, vestiti di sacco, compiano la loro missione di profeti per milleduecentosessanta giorni". Questi sono i due olivi e le due lampade che stanno davanti al Signore della terra. Se qualcuno pensasse di far loro del male, usciraÌ? dalla loro bocca un fuoco che divoreraÌ? i loro nemici. CosiÌ? deve perire chiunque pensi di far loro del male. Essi hanno il potere di chiudere il cielo, percheÌ? non cada pioggia nei giorni del loro ministero profetico. Essi hanno anche potere di cambiar l'acqua in sangue e di colpire la terra con ogni sorta di flagelli tutte le volte che lo vorranno. E quando poi avranno comp
iuto la loro testimonianza, la bestia che sale dall'Abisso faraÌ? guerra contro di loro, li vinceraÌ? e li uccideraÌ?. I loro cadaveri rimarranno esposti sulla piazza della grande cittaÌ?, che simbolicamente si chiama SoÌ?doma ed Egitto, dove appunto il loro Signore fu crocifisso. Uomini di ogni popolo, tribuÌ?, lingua e nazione vedranno i loro cadaveri per tre giorni e mezzo e non permetteranno che i loro cadaveri vengano deposti in un sepolcro. Gli abitanti della terra faranno festa su di loro, si rallegreranno e si scambieranno doni, percheÌ? questi due profeti erano il tormento degli abitanti della terra.
+Ma dopo tre giorni e mezzo, un soffio di vita procedente da Dio entroÌ? in essi e si alzarono in piedi, con grande terrore di quelli che stavano a guardarli. Allora udirono un grido possente dal cielo: "Salite quassuÌ?" e salirono al cielo in una nube sotto gli sguardi dei loro nemici. In quello stesso momento ci fu un grande terremoto che fece crollare un decimo della cittaÌ?: perirono in quel terremoto settemila persone; i superstiti presi da terrore davano gloria al Dio del cielo.
+CosiÌ? passoÌ? il secondo "guai"; ed ecco viene subito il terzo "guai".
+Il settimo angelo suonoÌ? la tromba e nel cielo echeggiarono voci potenti che dicevano:
+Allora si apriÌ? il santuario di Dio nel cielo e apparve nel santuario l'arca dell'alleanza. Ne seguirono folgori, voci, scoppi di tuono, terremoto e una tempesta di grandine.
+Nel cielo apparve poi un segno grandioso: una donna vestita di sole, con la luna sotto i suoi piedi e sul suo capo una corona di dodici stelle. Era incinta e gridava per le doglie e il travaglio del parto. Allora apparve un altro segno nel cielo: un enorme drago rosso, con sette teste e dieci corna e sulle teste sette diademi; la sua coda trascinava giuÌ? un terzo delle stelle del cielo e le precipitava sulla terra. Il drago si pose davanti alla donna che stava per partorire per divorare il bambino appena nato. Essa partoriÌ? un figlio maschio, destinato a governare tutte le nazioni con scettro di ferro, e il figlio fu subito rapito verso Dio e verso il suo trono. La donna invece fuggiÌ? nel deserto, ove Dio le aveva preparato un rifugio percheÌ? vi fosse nutrita per milleduecentosessanta giorni.
+ScoppioÌ? quindi una guerra nel cielo: Michele e i suoi angeli combattevano contro il drago. Il drago combatteva insieme con i suoi angeli, ma non prevalsero e non ci fu piuÌ? posto per essi in cielo. Il grande drago, il serpente antico, colui che chiamiamo il diavolo e satana e che seduce tutta la terra, fu precipitato sulla terra e con lui furono precipitati anche i suoi angeli. Allora udii una gran voce nel cielo che diceva:
+Or quando il drago si vide precipitato sulla terra, si avventoÌ? contro la donna che aveva partorito il figlio maschio. Ma furono date alla donna le due ali della grande aquila, per volare nel deserto verso il rifugio preparato per lei per esservi nutrita per un tempo, due tempi e la metaÌ? di un tempo lontano dal serpente. Allora il serpente vomitoÌ? dalla sua bocca come un fiume d'acqua dietro alla donna, per farla travolgere dalle sue acque. Ma la terra venne in soccorso alla donna, aprendo una voragine e inghiottendo il fiume che il drago aveva vomitato dalla propria bocca.
+Allora il drago si infurioÌ? contro la donna e se ne andoÌ? a far guerra contro il resto della sua discendenza, contro quelli che osservano i comandamenti di Dio e sono in possesso della testimonianza di GesuÌ?.
+E si fermoÌ? sulla spiaggia del mare.
+Vidi salire dal mare una bestia che aveva dieci corna e sette teste, sulle corna dieci diademi e su ciascuna testa un titolo blasfemo. La bestia che io vidi era simile a una pantera, con le zampe come quelle di un orso e la bocca come quella di un leone. Il drago le diede la sua forza, il suo trono e la sua potestaÌ? grande. Una delle sue teste sembroÌ? colpita a morte, ma la sua piaga mortale fu guarita.
+Allora la terra intera presa d'ammirazione, andoÌ? dietro alla bestia e gli uomini adorarono il drago percheÌ? aveva dato il potere alla bestia e adorarono la bestia dicendo: "Chi eÌ? simile alla bestia e chi puoÌ? combattere con essa?".
+Alla bestia fu data una bocca per proferire parole d'orgoglio e bestemmie, con il potere di agire per quarantadue mesi. Essa apriÌ? la bocca per proferire bestemmie contro Dio, per bestemmiare il suo nome e la sua dimora, contro tutti quelli che abitano in cielo. Le fu permesso di far guerra contro i santi e di vincerli; le fu dato potere sopra ogni stirpe, popolo, lingua e nazione. L'adorarono tutti gli abitanti della terra, il cui nome non eÌ? scritto fin dalla fondazione del mondo nel libro della vita dell'Agnello immolato.
+Vidi poi salire dalla terra un'altra bestia, che aveva due corna, simili a quelle di un agnello, che peroÌ? parlava come un drago. Essa esercita tutto il potere della prima bestia in sua presenza e costringe la terra e i suoi abitanti ad adorare la prima bestia, la cui ferita mortale era guarita. Operava grandi prodigi, fino a fare scendere fuoco dal cielo sulla terra davanti agli uomini. Per mezzo di questi prodigi, che le era permesso di compiere in presenza della bestia, sedusse gli abitanti della terra dicendo loro di erigere una statua alla bestia che era stata ferita dalla spada ma si era riavuta. Le fu anche concesso di animare la statua della bestia siccheÌ? quella statua perfino parlasse e potesse far mettere a morte tutti coloro che non adorassero la statua della bestia. Faceva siÌ? che tutti, piccoli e grandi, ricchi e poveri, liberi e schiavi ricevessero un marchio sulla mano destra e sulla fronte; e che nessuno potesse comprare o vendere senza avere tale marchio
, cioeÌ? il nome della bestia o il numero del suo nome. Qui sta la sapienza. Chi ha intelligenza calcoli il numero della bestia: essa rappresenta un nome d'uomo. E tal cifra eÌ? seicentosessantasei.
+Poi guardai ed ecco l'Agnello ritto sul monte Sion e insieme centoquarantaquattromila persone che recavano scritto sulla fronte il suo nome e il nome del Padre suo. Udii una voce che veniva dal cielo, come un fragore di grandi acque e come un rimbombo di forte tuono. La voce che udii era come quella di suonatori di arpa che si accompagnano nel canto con le loro arpe. Essi cantavano un cantico nuovo davanti al trono e davanti ai quattro esseri viventi e ai vegliardi. E nessuno poteva comprendere quel cantico se non i centoquarantaquattromila, i redenti della terra. Questi non si sono contaminati con donne, sono infatti vergini e seguono l'Agnello dovunque va. Essi sono stati redenti tra gli uomini come primizie per Dio e per l'Agnello. Non fu trovata menzogna sulla loro bocca; sono senza macchia.
+Poi vidi un altro angelo che volando in mezzo al cielo recava un vangelo eterno da annunziare agli abitanti della terra e ad ogni nazione, razza, lingua e popolo. Egli gridava a gran voce:
+Io guardai ancora ed ecco una nube bianca e sulla nube uno stava seduto, simile a un Figlio d'uomo; aveva sul capo una corona d'oro e in mano una falce affilata. Un altro angelo usciÌ? dal tempio, gridando a gran voce a colui che era seduto sulla nube: "Getta la tua falce e mieti; eÌ? giunta l'ora di mietere, percheÌ? la messe della terra eÌ? matura". Allora colui che era seduto sulla nuvola gettoÌ? la sua falce sulla terra e la terra fu mietuta.
+Allora un altro angelo usciÌ? dal tempio che eÌ? nel cielo, anch'egli tenendo una falce affilata. Un altro angelo, che ha potere sul fuoco, usciÌ? dall'altare e gridoÌ? a gran voce a quello che aveva la falce affilata: "Getta la tua falce affilata e vendemmia i grappoli della vigna della terra, percheÌ? le sue uve sono mature". L'angelo gettoÌ? la sua falce sulla terra, vendemmioÌ? la vigna della terra e gettoÌ? l'uva nel grande tino dell'ira di Dio. Il tino fu pigiato fuori della cittaÌ? e dal tino usciÌ? sangue fino al morso dei cavalli, per una distanza di duecento miglia.
+Poi vidi nel cielo un altro segno grande e meraviglioso: sette angeli che avevano sette flagelli; gli ultimi, poicheÌ? con essi si deve compiere l'ira di Dio.
+Vidi pure come un mare di cristallo misto a fuoco e coloro che avevano vinto la bestia e la sua immagine e il numero del suo nome, stavano ritti sul mare di cristallo. Accompagnando il canto con le arpe divine, cantavano il cantico di MoseÌ?, servo di Dio, e il cantico dell'Agnello:
+Dopo cioÌ? vidi aprirsi nel cielo il tempio che contiene la Tenda della Testimonianza; dal tempio uscirono i sette angeli che avevano i sette flagelli, vestiti di lino puro, splendente, e cinti al petto di cinture d'oro. Uno dei quattro esseri viventi diede ai sette angeli sette coppe d'oro colme dell'ira di Dio che vive nei secoli dei secoli. Il tempio si riempiÌ? del fumo che usciva dalla gloria di Dio e dalla sua potenza: nessuno poteva entrare nel tempio fincheÌ? non avessero termine i sette flagelli dei sette angeli.
+Udii poi una gran voce dal tempio che diceva ai sette angeli: "Andate e versate sulla terra le sette coppe dell'ira di Dio".
+PartiÌ? il primo e versoÌ? la sua coppa sopra la terra; e scoppioÌ? una piaga dolorosa e maligna sugli uomini che recavano il marchio della bestia e si prostravano davanti alla sua statua.
+Il secondo versoÌ? la sua coppa nel mare che diventoÌ? sangue come quello di un morto e periÌ? ogni essere vivente che si trovava nel mare.
+Il terzo versoÌ? la sua coppa nei fiumi e nelle sorgenti delle acque, e diventarono sangue. Allora udii l'angelo delle acque che diceva:
+Il quarto versoÌ? la sua coppa sul sole e gli fu concesso di bruciare gli uomini con il fuoco. E gli uomini bruciarono per il terribile calore e bestemmiarono il nome di Dio che ha in suo potere tali flagelli, invece di ravvedersi per rendergli omaggio.
+Il quinto versoÌ? la sua coppa sul trono della bestia e il suo regno fu avvolto dalle tenebre. Gli uomini si mordevano la lingua per il dolore e bestemmiarono il Dio del cielo a causa dei dolori e delle piaghe, invece di pentirsi delle loro azioni.
+Il sesto versoÌ? la sua coppa sopra il gran fiume EufraÌ?te e le sue acque furono prosciugate per preparare il passaggio ai re dell'oriente. Poi dalla bocca del drago e dalla bocca della bestia e dalla bocca del falso profeta vidi uscire tre spiriti immondi, simili a rane: sono infatti spiriti di demoÌ?ni che operano prodigi e vanno a radunare tutti i re di tutta la terra per la guerra del gran giorno di Dio onnipotente.
+Ecco, io vengo come un ladro. Beato chi eÌ? vigilante e conserva le sue vesti per non andar nudo e lasciar vedere le sue vergogne.
+E radunarono i re nel luogo che in ebraico si chiama ArmaghedoÌ?n.
+Il settimo versoÌ? la sua coppa nell'aria e usciÌ? dal tempio, dalla parte del trono, una voce potente che diceva: "EÌ? fatto!". Ne seguirono folgori, clamori e tuoni, accompagnati da un grande terremoto, di cui non vi era mai stato l'uguale da quando gli uomini vivono sopra la terra. La grande cittaÌ? si squarcioÌ? in tre parti e crollarono le cittaÌ? delle nazioni. Dio si ricordoÌ? di Babilonia la grande, per darle da bere la coppa di vino della sua ira ardente. Ogni isola scomparve e i monti si dileguarono. E grandine enorme del peso di mezzo quintale scroscioÌ? dal cielo sopra gli uomini, e gli uomini bestemmiarono Dio a causa del flagello della grandine, poicheÌ? era davvero un grande flagello.
+Allora uno dei sette angeli che hanno le sette coppe mi si avvicinoÌ? e parloÌ? con me: "Vieni, ti faroÌ? vedere la condanna della grande prostituta che siede presso le grandi acque. Con lei si sono prostituiti i re della terra e gli abitanti della terra si sono inebriati del vino della sua prostituzione". L'angelo mi trasportoÌ? in spirito nel deserto. LaÌ? vidi una donna seduta sopra una bestia scarlatta, coperta di nomi blasfemi, con sette teste e dieci corna. La donna era ammantata di porpora e di scarlatto, adorna d'oro, di pietre preziose e di perle, teneva in mano una coppa d'oro, colma degli abomini e delle immondezze della sua prostituzione. Sulla fronte aveva scritto un nome misterioso: "Babilonia la grande, la madre delle prostitute e degli abomini della terra".
+E vidi che quella donna era ebbra del sangue dei santi e del sangue dei martiri di GesuÌ?. Al vederla, fui preso da grande stupore. Ma l'angelo mi disse: "PercheÌ? ti meravigli? Io ti spiegheroÌ? il mistero della donna e della bestia che la porta, con sette teste e dieci corna.
+La bestia che hai visto era ma non eÌ? piuÌ?, saliraÌ? dall'Abisso, ma per andare in perdizione. E gli abitanti della terra, il cui nome non eÌ? scritto nel libro della vita fin dalla fondazione del mondo, stupiranno al vedere che la bestia era e non eÌ? piuÌ?, ma riappariraÌ?. Qui ci vuole una mente che abbia saggezza. Le sette teste sono i sette colli sui quali eÌ? seduta la donna; e sono anche sette re. ]I primi cinque sono caduti, ne resta uno ancora in vita, l'altro non eÌ? ancora venuto e quando saraÌ? venuto, dovraÌ? rimanere per poco. Quanto alla bestia che era e non eÌ? piuÌ?, eÌ? ad un tempo l'ottavo re e uno dei sette, ma va in perdizione. Le dieci corna che hai viste sono dieci re, i quali non hanno ancora ricevuto un regno, ma riceveranno potere regale, per un'ora soltanto insieme con la bestia. Questi hanno un unico intento: consegnare la loro forza e il loro potere alla bestia. Essi combatteranno contro l'Agnello, ma l'Agnello li vinceraÌ?, percheÌ? eÌ? il Sig
nore dei signori e il Re dei re e quelli con lui sono i chiamati, gli eletti e i fedeli".
+Poi l'angelo mi disse: "Le acque che hai viste, presso le quali siede la prostituta, simboleggiano popoli, moltitudini, genti e lingue. Le dieci corna che hai viste e la bestia odieranno la prostituta, la spoglieranno e la lasceranno nuda, ne mangeranno le carni e la bruceranno col fuoco. Dio infatti ha messo loro in cuore di realizzare il suo disegno e di accordarsi per affidare il loro regno alla bestia, fincheÌ? si realizzino le parole di Dio. La donna che hai vista simboleggia la cittaÌ? grande, che regna su tutti i re della terra".
+Dopo cioÌ?, vidi un altro angelo discendere dal cielo con grande potere e la terra fu illuminata dal suo splendore.
+Un angelo possente prese allora una pietra grande come una mola, e la gettoÌ? nel mare esclamando:
+Dopo cioÌ?, udii come una voce potente di una folla immensa nel cielo che diceva:
+Vidi poi un angelo che scendeva dal cielo con la chiave dell'Abisso e una gran catena in mano. AfferroÌ? il dragone, il serpente antico - cioeÌ? il diavolo, satana - e lo incatenoÌ? per mille anni; lo gettoÌ? nell'Abisso, ve lo rinchiuse e ne sigilloÌ? la porta sopra di lui, percheÌ? non seducesse piuÌ? le nazioni, fino al compimento dei mille anni. Dopo questi dovraÌ? essere sciolto per un po' di tempo. Poi vidi alcuni troni e a quelli che vi si sedettero fu dato il potere di giudicare. Vidi anche le anime dei decapitati a causa della testimonanza di GesuÌ? e della parola di Dio, e quanti non avevano adorato la bestia e la sua statua e non ne avevano ricevuto il marchio sulla fronte e sulla mano. Essi ripresero vita e regnarono con Cristo per mille anni; gli altri morti invece non tornarono in vita fino al compimento dei mille anni. Questa eÌ? la prima risurrezione. Beati e santi coloro che prendon parte alla prima risurrezione. Su di loro non ha potere la seconda morte, ma
saranno sacerdoti di Dio e del Cristo e regneranno con lui per mille anni.
+Quando i mille anni saranno compiuti, satana verraÌ? liberato dal suo carcere e usciraÌ? per sedurre le nazioni ai quattro punti della terra, Gog e MagoÌ?g, per adunarli per la guerra: il loro numero saraÌ? come la sabbia del mare. Marciarono su tutta la superficie della terra e cinsero d'assedio l'accampamento dei santi e la cittaÌ? diletta. Ma un fuoco scese dal cielo e li divoroÌ?. E il diavolo, che li aveva sedotti, fu gettato nello stagno di fuoco e zolfo, dove sono anche la bestia e il falso profeta: saranno tormentati giorno e notte per i secoli dei secoli.
+Vidi poi un grande trono bianco e Colui che sedeva su di esso. Dalla sua presenza erano scomparsi la terra e il cielo senza lasciar traccia di seÌ?. Poi vidi i morti, grandi e piccoli, ritti davanti al trono. Furono aperti dei libri. Fu aperto anche un altro libro, quello della vita. I morti vennero giudicati in base a cioÌ? che era scritto in quei libri, ciascuno secondo le sue opere. Il mare restituiÌ? i morti che esso custodiva e la morte e gli inferi resero i morti da loro custoditi e ciascuno venne giudicato secondo le sue opere. Poi la morte e gli inferi furono gettati nello stagno di fuoco. Questa eÌ? la seconda morte, lo stagno di fuoco. E chi non era scritto nel libro della vita fu gettato nello stagno di fuoco.
+Poi venne uno dei sette angeli che hanno le sette coppe piene degli ultimi sette flagelli e mi parloÌ?: "Vieni, ti mostreroÌ? la fidanzata, la sposa dell'Agnello". L'angelo mi trasportoÌ? in spirito su di un monte grande e alto, e mi mostroÌ? la cittaÌ? santa, Gerusalemme, che scendeva dal cielo, da Dio, risplendente della gloria di Dio. Il suo splendore eÌ? simile a quello di una gemma preziosissima, come pietra di diaspro cristallino. La cittaÌ? eÌ? cinta da un grande e alto muro con dodici porte: sopra queste porte stanno dodici angeli e nomi scritti, i nomi delle dodici tribuÌ? dei figli d'Israele. ]'A oriente tre porte, a settentrione tre porte, a mezzogiorno tre porte e ad occidente tre porte. Le mura della cittaÌ? poggiano su dodici basamenti, sopra i quali sono i dodici nomi dei dodici apostoli dell'Agnello.
+Colui che mi parlava aveva come misura una canna d'oro, per misurare la cittaÌ?, le sue porte e le sue mura. La cittaÌ? eÌ? a forma di quadrato, la sua lunghezza eÌ? uguale alla larghezza. L'angelo misuroÌ? la cittaÌ? con la canna: misura dodici mila stadi; la lunghezza, la larghezza e l'altezza sono eguali. Ne misuroÌ? anche le mura: sono alte centoquarantaquattro braccia, secondo la misura in uso tra gli uomini adoperata dall'angelo. Le mura sono costruite con diaspro e la cittaÌ? eÌ? di oro puro, simile a terso cristallo. Le fondamenta delle mura della cittaÌ? sono adorne di ogni specie di pietre preziose. Il primo fondamento eÌ? di diaspro, il secondo di zaffiÌ?ro, il terzo di calcedoÌ?nio, il quarto di smeraldo, il quinto di sardoÌ?nice, il sesto di cornalina, il settimo di crisoÌ?lito, l'ottavo di berillo, il nono di topazio, il decimo di crisopazio, l'undecimo di giacinto, il dodicesimo di ametista. E le dodici porte sono dodici perle; ciascuna porta eÌ? formata da un
a sola perla. E la piazza della cittaÌ? eÌ? di oro puro, come cristallo trasparente.
+Non vidi alcun tempio in essa percheÌ? il Signore Dio, l'Onnipotente, e l'Agnello sono il suo tempio. La cittaÌ? non ha bisogno della luce del sole, neÌ? della luce della luna percheÌ? la gloria di Dio la illumina e la sua lampada eÌ? l'Agnello.
+Mi mostroÌ? poi un fiume d'acqua viva limpida come cristallo, che scaturiva dal trono di Dio e dell'Agnello. In mezzo alla piazza della cittaÌ? e da una parte e dall'altra del fiume si trova un albero di vita che da' dodici raccolti e produce frutti ogni mese; le foglie dell'albero servono a guarire le nazioni.
+Matteo Fasanella.
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+Durante quatro dias de setembro, a pequena SaÌ?o Francisco de SaÌ?, no norte de Minas Gerais, mais conhecida como SaÌ?o Gonçalo do Brejo das Almas, por seus 23 000 habitantes, se torna uma espeÌ?cie de cidade dos biscoitos. EÌ? que a populaçaÌ?o preserva a tradiçaÌ?o de servir bolachinhas caseiras aos fieÌ?is que participam das festividades religiosas. Sempre depois da missa, eÌ? claro.
+As celebraçoÌ?es iniciam na noite do dia 7, com os catopeÌ?s - com roupas brancas, chapeÌ?us enfeitados de fitas coloridas e espelhos, um bloco percorre a cidade dançando e cantando num ritmo contagiante, ao som de tambores. EÌ? soÌ? o começo da festa. No dia seguinte, eÌ? a vez da passagem do cortejo de Nossa Senhora do RosaÌ?rio.
+No outro, tem festa do Divino EspiÌ?rito Santo. Em 10 de setembro, as homenagens vaÌ?o para SaÌ?o Benedito. Para cada data e festa, os moradores se esmeram no preparo de receitas familiares de biscoitos, bolachas, sequilhos e rosquinhas, de diferentes sabores, tamanhos e formatos, que saÌ?o ofertados aos devotos.
+As guloseimas recebem nomes curiosiÌ?ssimos como fofaÌ?o, paninho, algueÌ?m, cinco pratos e republicanos, entre tantos outros. Cada qual com sua explicaçaÌ?o. O fofaÌ?o recebeu esse nome porque sua massa cresce muito, dando origem a um biscoito grande e macio.
+O paninho eÌ? assim chamado porque precisa ser enformado com um pano, taÌ?o mole eÌ? sua massa. Quanto ao algueÌ?m, ningueÌ?m conhece a origem de seu nome, mas reza o dito popular que a guloseima foi batizada dessa forma porque "algueÌ?m" passou a receita para outro "algueÌ?m" e assim por diante, ateÌ? chegar aos dias de hoje. A preparaçaÌ?o começa uma semana antes da festa.
+Com maÌ?os habilidosas, as biscoiteiras vaÌ?o sovando a massa, executando receitas muitas vezes transmitidas apenas oralmente ao longo do tempo. Assadas em forno a lenha, no mais auteÌ?ntico estilo artesanal, as deliÌ?cias saÌ?o embaladas em enormes sacos. O segredo das receitas eÌ? levado ao peÌ? da letra.
+O paninho tem de tomar sol logo que sai do forno, para ficar clarinho (na verdade, essa teÌ?cnica tem mesmo uma explicaçaÌ?o: o contato com o calor do sol evita o choque teÌ?rmico do biscoito receÌ?m-tirado do forno e manteÌ?m a cor alva). TradiçaÌ?o preservada desde tempos longiÌ?nquos, sem registro de origem, os biscoitos das festas de setembro saÌ?o parte importante da histoÌ?ria culinaÌ?ria local. Antigamente, o costume era servi-los acompanhados de um chaÌ? de folhas de laranjeira.
+Hoje, os festeiros oferecem um almoço, mas o momento mais apreciado da festa ainda eÌ? a distribuiçaÌ?o dos famosos biscoitos. Confira algumas das mais apreciadas receitas da ocasiaÌ?o. E, se puder, vaÌ? ateÌ? o Brejo das Almas participar das festividades no proÌ?ximo meÌ?s.
+O sujeito malha, malha, malha e naÌ?o percebe ganho de massa muscular nem aumento da resisteÌ?ncia cardiovascular. Decide entaÌ?o, como manda o senso comum, aumentar a dose de exerciÌ?cios: dobra a carga dos pesos, corre na esteira uma hora em vez de 30 min e investe em uma nova atividade para incrementar a rotina, como aulas de nataçaÌ?o. Eis aiÌ? o primeiro -e principal- sinal de que o sujeito estaÌ? apresentando um quadro de overtraining.
+AteÌ? cinco anos atraÌ?s, essa era uma siÌ?ndrome caracteriÌ?stica de atletas profissionais. Agora, alertam meÌ?dicos do esporte, ela surge nas academias, atingindo alunos viciados em malhaçaÌ?o, corredores amadores e ateÌ? crianças (leia como ela se manifesta entre os pequenos na paÌ?g. 8). O mecanismo do overtraining -ou excesso de treinamento- eÌ? um ciÌ?rculo vicioso.
+O primeiro sintoma eÌ? a falta de rendimento no exerciÌ?cio, causada por um excesso de treinamento, que, por sua vez, leva ao aumento da praÌ?tica de atividades fiÌ?sicas. "Ao perceber que naÌ?o estaÌ? obtendo o resultado desejado, a pessoa acredita que eÌ? porque estaÌ? malhando pouco e aumenta a dose, quando deveria descansar", explica Fernando Torres, meÌ?dico do esporte da Unifesp e da FoÌ?rmula Academia. Intensificando o treinamento, a pessoa começa a sentir os outros sintomas do overtraining.
+Eles vaÌ?o de aumento da pressaÌ?o arterial e dos batimentos cardiÌ?acos a insoÌ?nia, irritabilidade e queda do sistema imunoloÌ?gico, diz Fernanda Rodrigues Lima, meÌ?dica do esporte do HC e da academia Bio Ritmo (confira a lista dos sintomas na paÌ?g. 8). "A situaçaÌ?o eÌ? muito preocupante. Com o "boom" de academias, praticar exerciÌ?cio virou uma febre, e as pessoas estaÌ?o se exercitando mais do que devem; estaÌ?o pecando pelo excesso", afirma JoaÌ?o Gilberto Carazzato, meÌ?dico do esporte do Hospital das CliÌ?nicas de SaÌ?o Paulo.
+"Seis em cada dez frequentadores de academia tiveram, teÌ?m ou teraÌ?o overtraining", estima o personal trainer IsaiÌ?as Gonçalves Rodrigues, que manteÌ?m uma equipe de 64 professores em oito academias de SaÌ?o Paulo. A biomeÌ?dica Carolina Rivolta Ackel, da Unifesp, por meio de pesquisa realizada com 413 frequentadores de 17 academias de SaÌ?o Paulo, identificou que a meÌ?dia de tempo passado nas academias eÌ? de 11 horas por semana. O ColeÌ?gio Americano de Medicina Esportiva -autoridade na definiçaÌ?o de paraÌ?metros para a praÌ?tica de atividades fiÌ?sicas- estabelece o maÌ?ximo de cinco horas de exerciÌ?cios por semana.
+Cair na armadilha do overtraining eÌ? muito mais faÌ?cil hoje do que haÌ? dez anos. A pessoa que treina desatinadamente jaÌ? carrega o estresse do dia-a-dia -no trabalho, em casa ou no traÌ?nsito da rua, dormindo mal e nem sempre se alimentando como deveria. Assim, o exerciÌ?cio, que deveria funcionar como vaÌ?lvula de escape, acaba virando um fator a mais de estresse, diz Paulo Zogaib, fisiologista do movimento da Unifesp.
+Descansar naÌ?o eÌ? importante soÌ? para a mente, mas para os muÌ?sculos. O descanso deve ser de no miÌ?nimo 24 horas apoÌ?s a praÌ?tica intensa de exerciÌ?cios, diz Zogaib. E eÌ? justamente durante o descanso que a musculatura se fortalece.
+NaÌ?o respeitar essa exigeÌ?ncia do organismo causa uma pane no sistema nervoso simpaÌ?tico, o qual eÌ? ativado quando o corpo precisa reagir a algum estiÌ?mulo externo. Quando se pratica exerciÌ?cio, o simpaÌ?tico libera adrenalina e noradrenalina, que aumentam a frequeÌ?ncia cardiÌ?aca e respiratoÌ?ria, por exemplo. Quando a pessoa paÌ?ra, entra em açaÌ?o o sistema parassimpaÌ?tico, que vai causar o efeito oposto, de relaxamento e descanso.
+"A viÌ?tima de overtraining manteÌ?m uma estimulaçaÌ?o persistente do simpaÌ?tico. Com o tempo, mesmo em repouso, o sistema continua ativo, daiÌ? os sintomas da siÌ?ndrome", explica Zogaib. AÌ?s vezes, o problema naÌ?o eÌ? o excesso de exerciÌ?cios puro e simples, mas a repetiçaÌ?o exagerada sobre uma uÌ?nica estrutura do corpo -o chamado over use, espeÌ?cie de overtraining concentrado em uma parte do corpo.
+"As aulas de step, com seus exerciÌ?cios repetitivos, por exemplo, podem causar fratura de estresse, que acontece quando um ponto especiÌ?fico do osso vai perdendo consisteÌ?ncia ateÌ? que sofre uma fratura", explica o personal trainer CloÌ?vis Pereira JuÌ?nior, 28. As mulheres tendem a apresentar over use no membros inferiores, e os homens, nos superiores. Nem sempre eÌ? faÌ?cil diagnosticar a siÌ?ndrome, jaÌ? que os sintomas podem ser muito variados e naÌ?o costumam ser associados aÌ? praÌ?tica de atividade fiÌ?sica.
+"A pessoa naÌ?o imagina que estaÌ? gripada, por exemplo, porque sua imunidade caiu em funçaÌ?o do excesso de atividade fiÌ?sica", diz Lima. Quando se excede nos exerciÌ?cios e apresenta pelo menos dois sintomas, a pessoa entra para o grupo de risco, dizem os especialistas. Para sair de um quadro de overtraining, eÌ? preciso suspender a malhaçaÌ?o, o que significa deixar de se valer dos benefiÌ?cios da endorfina, substaÌ?ncia liberada durante a praÌ?tica de exerciÌ?cios e que causa sensaçaÌ?o de prazer.
+Estava a cigarra, saltitante, a cantarolar pelos campos, quando encontrou uma formiga que passava carregando um imenso graÌ?o de trigo. "Deixe essa trabalheira de lado" disse a cigarra, "e venha aproveitar este dia ensolarado de VeraÌ?o". "NaÌ?o posso. Preciso juntar provimentos para o Inverno", disse a formiga, "e recomendo que voceÌ? faça o mesmo".
+"Eu, me preocupar com o inverno?" Perguntou a cigarra, "temos comida de sobra por enquanto". Mas a formiga naÌ?o se deixou levar pela conversa da cigarra e continuou o seu trabalho.
+Quando o inverno chegou, a cigarra naÌ?o tinha o que comer, enquanto as formigas contavam com o suprimento de alimentos que haviam guardado. Morrendo de fome, a cigarra teve de bater aÌ? porta do formigueiro onde foi acolhida pelas formigas, e assim aprendeu sua liçaÌ?o. Esta faÌ?bula ensina que eÌ? necessaÌ?rio preparar-se para os dias de necessidade.
+Certo dia, ocorreu aos membros do corpo que soÌ? eles trabalhavam enquanto a barriga sozinha recebia toda a comida. Eles decidiram entaÌ?o fazer uma reuniaÌ?o, e, apoÌ?s longa discussaÌ?o, resolveram entrar em greve ateÌ? que a barriga concordasse em realizar uma parte do trabalho. Durante alguns dias, as maÌ?os se recusaram a pegar alimentos, e a boca se recusou a recebeÌ?-los.
+Passado algum tempo, no entanto, os membros começaram a se sentir fracos. As maÌ?os naÌ?o conseguiam se mexer, a boca murchou e as pernas nem eram capazes de se sustentar sobre os peÌ?s. Assim, os membros descobriram que a barriga, a seu modo, realiza uma tarefa importante para o corpo, e que todos devem trabalhar juntos e fazer a sua parte para que o corpo possa funcionar.
+Passeavam pela praia mamaÌ?e caranguejo e sua filha. "Filha", disse a maÌ?e, "NaÌ?o ande assim de lado!" "E naÌ?o se arraste pela areia molhada enquanto caminha."
+"Claro maÌ?e", respondeu a caranguejinha, "mostre-me como e eu seguirei seu exemplo". Esta faÌ?bula ensina que antes de se apontar defeito eÌ? bom andar direito. Conforme-se, caso esteja entre os que deploram os pontapeÌ?s verbais como meÌ?todo de disputar a PresideÌ?ncia da RepuÌ?blica.
+A grande imprensa dos Estados Unidos caiu com as torres de Nova York e ainda naÌ?o se levantou, sendo improvaÌ?vel ateÌ? que se erga antes que novas torres o façam. Por isso tanto eÌ? falado e escrito sobre a guerra pretendida pelo presidente Bush contra o Iraque sem, no entanto, questionamentos seÌ?rios aos motivos alegados para o ataque. Nem ousam, com exceçoÌ?es rariÌ?ssimas, mencionar o motivo reconheciÌ?vel para tanta ansiedade por novas açoÌ?es beÌ?licas.
+TreÌ?s milhares de americanos morreram nas torres, mas Bush salvou-se ali. Seu duvidoso prestiÌ?gio ruiÌ?a no Congresso, na miÌ?dia e na opiniaÌ?o puÌ?blica, quando o 11 de setembro levou-o ao eÌ?xtase propagandiÌ?stico do estado de guerra e da caça ao inimigo pelo mundo afora. Mas naÌ?o houve vitoÌ?ria na caçada, e hoje uma forte corrente militar jaÌ? propoÌ?e parar de vez com isso.
+A opiniaÌ?o puÌ?blica passou a dar sinais crescentes de cansaço com o clima de exaltaçaÌ?o mantido por Bush e seus secretaÌ?rios, valendo-se de sucessivas hipoÌ?teses de novos ataques terroristas. Os discursos naÌ?o produzem sons, as conclamaçoÌ?es naÌ?o animam, aquele presidente com forçado andar de faroeste e batendo contineÌ?ncia para soldado raso vira motivo de riso. Bush voltou a ser a viÌ?tima predileta dos principais programas de humor ridicularizante.
+Uma guerra. Novo eÌ?xtase propagandiÌ?stico, expectativas emocionantes de lutas no deserto e tensoÌ?es patrioÌ?ticas ante novos riscos de terrorismo vingativo. A recuperaçaÌ?o do prestiÌ?gio justifica, inclusive porque republicanos e democratas jaÌ? começam as consideraçoÌ?es preliminares para as futuras eleiçoÌ?es. Conformemo-nos, que por aqui a luta pelo poder naÌ?o eÌ? mais dignificante, mas eÌ? inofensiva.
+Diretora-executiva do Ibope, Marcia Cavallari Nunes reclama da observaçaÌ?o, aqui feita, de que o Datafolha daria o voto de minerva entre as pesquisas do Ibope e Vox Populi, na semana passada. Escreveu para lembrar que, de certa vez, o Ibope jaÌ? foi o voto de minerva e confirmou o Datafolha, como este agora o confirmou. Nunca imaginei que a expressaÌ?o voto de minerva pudesse, um dia, ser lida como maldosa, ofensa, ou qualquer coisa aleÌ?m ou aqueÌ?m do que significa haÌ? seÌ?culos.
+Com tanta pesquisa, o voto subiu aÌ? cabeça do pessoal do Ibope. Calma, naÌ?o foi o de minerva. O som da morte certa e suÌ?bita rugia nos meus ouvidos enquanto eu estava sentada ao volante do meu carro, presa em um congestionamento, proÌ?ximo ao PentaÌ?gono, em 11 de setembro do ano passado.
+Eu estava chocada com as notiÌ?cias sobre os ataques em Nova York, ouvidas pelo raÌ?dio, e frustrada pela situaçaÌ?o do traÌ?fego, pior do que o usual. Mas foi soÌ? quando ouvi o ruiÌ?do demoniÌ?aco daquelas turbinas que achei que fosse morrer. Na minha posiçaÌ?o, entre o heliporto do PentaÌ?gono e o Aeroporto Nacional de Washington, alguns quiloÌ?metros ao sul, eu estava acostumada ao ruiÌ?do de avioÌ?es no decorrer do meu percurso diaÌ?rio ateÌ? o trabalho, entre Alexandria, Virginia, ateÌ? os edifiÌ?cios prateados, a uns dez quiloÌ?metros de distaÌ?ncia, em Rosslyn.
+Mas o barulho dessas turbinas era diferente. Era um som muito suÌ?bito, alto e que tomava conta de tudo. Olhei para o alto e tudo o que consegui ver foi a barriga de uma aeronave voando a cerca de 15 metros da minha cabeça.
+O PentaÌ?gono era obviamente o alvo, mas naÌ?o acreditei que o aviaÌ?o, que voava adernado, com as turbinas aceleradas ao maÌ?ximo, conseguisse atingir o preÌ?dio. O seu aÌ?ngulo de descida era muito pronunciado e a sua altitude muito baixa. Postes de iluminaçaÌ?o foram derrubados quando o aviaÌ?o por pouco naÌ?o atingiu a auto-estrada Interstate 395.
+Senti imediatamente, com toda a certeza, que o jato iria atingir a mim e aos outros motoristas presos no engarrafamento da Washington Boulevard. Agarrada ao volante do meu carro, que vibrava, me abaixei instintivamente quando o aviaÌ?o passou trovejando pouco acima de mim. TaÌ?o logo ele passou, me levantei um pouco e contraiÌ? a face quando vi a sua asa esquerda tocar o solo e arrasar o heliporto, uma fraçaÌ?o de segundo antes que o seu nariz se chocasse contra a parede sudoeste do PentaÌ?gono.
+Ainda agarrada ao volante, senti tanto o carro como o meu coraçaÌ?o ressoarem com força no momento do impacto. A asa esquerda se quebrou sob o peso do Boeing e a cauda caiu ao solo e explodiu. Um inferno instantaÌ?neo se acendeu a uns 40 metros de mim.
+O aviaÌ?o, a parede e as viÌ?timas desapareceram sob a fumaça negra como carvaÌ?o, as chamas que alcançavam treÌ?s andares de altura e o calor intenso. Consciente de que acabara de presenciar o assassinato em massa de centenas de pessoas, ou talvez um nuÌ?mero ainda maior, quis vomitar, mas naÌ?o havia tempo. Destroços caiÌ?am.
+Enquanto tijolos, morteiros e sabe-se laÌ? o que mais despencavam do ceÌ?u, eu me estendi sobre os bancos da frente do automoÌ?vel e tentei proteger a cabeça com os braços e a maleta, com medo de que os destroços atravessassem o paÌ?ra-brisas ou o teto. Quando o som do desastre cessou, gritos de horror e histeria tomaram conta das fileiras de carros, e eu me transformei em uma pessoa que ateÌ? entaÌ?o naÌ?o conhecia. NaÌ?o gritei. Agindo guiada pelo instinto, saltei do carro.
+A primeira coisa que fiz foi verificar se estava sangrando. NaÌ?o havia sinal de sangue. A seguir, ajudei uma mulher histeÌ?rica no carro aÌ? frente, segurando-a firmemente, e dizendo a ela que respirasse fundo, assegurando que o perigo havia acabado.
+Peguei emprestado um telefone celular e conseguir fazer duas ligaçoÌ?es raÌ?pidas, uma para a redaçaÌ?o de jornal onde trabalho e a outra para o meu marido. Depois disso, o meu instinto jornaliÌ?stico falou mais alto e comecei a procurar freneticamente por uma caÌ?mera. Fui de carro em carro, e, finalmente, encontrei um turista que se dispoÌ?s a me vender uma caÌ?mera descartaÌ?vel por US$ 20 (cerca de R$ 62,40).
+Rapidamente usei metade do filme, tomando o cuidado de naÌ?o gasta-lo todo. Um segundo aviaÌ?o havia atingido Nova York e eu queria estar pronta para a chegada de uma segunda aeronave a Washington, que eu estava certa que cairia do ceÌ?u a qualquer minuto. AÌ? medida que os outros carros começaram a se afastar lentamente da aÌ?rea, estacionei o meu no cerca de proteçaÌ?o oeste e desci, ficando com a caÌ?mera pronta, um olho no ceÌ?u e um dedo no botaÌ?o disparador.
+ApoÌ?s alguns minutos, desisti da minha vigiÌ?lia. NotiÌ?cias do raÌ?dio diziam que o ceÌ?u estava livre, mas que um outro aviaÌ?o havia acabado de cair em um campo na PensilvaÌ?nia. Quando equipes de segurança ordenaram que eu deixasse o local, naÌ?o discuti.
+Simplesmente parti, com as maÌ?os e o estoÌ?mago tremendo. Foi entaÌ?o que, sem pensar, fiz uma abrupta meia-volta em frente ao CemiteÌ?rio Nacional de Arlington. Decidi que naÌ?o ia mais ao trabalho e sim para casa.
+Precisava ver meu marido, falar com meus filhos, ouvir a voz do meu pequenino neto. O impacto pleno do fato de estar realmente viva tomou conta de mim. Uma distaÌ?ncia de apenas 40 metros fizera com que eu fosse testemunha ocular de um desastre.
+A sobreviveÌ?ncia naÌ?o se tratara de um milagre, mas sim de sorte. Pura sorte. Duas horas depois -- confortada pela presença do meu marido, sabendo que toda a minha famiÌ?lia estava bem e tendo tomado duas doses de uiÌ?sque -- o tremor desapareceu. Eu estava convencida de que experimentara aquilo de pior que a vida tem a oferecer.
+Mas, apoÌ?s ver as cenas de Nova York na televisaÌ?o, me senti uma tola. O que ocorreu laÌ? foi terror e maldade aleÌ?m da imaginaçaÌ?o. Eu era incapaz de adivinhar o nuÌ?mero total de mortos.
+Dez mil? Trinta mil? Mais? A inquietaçaÌ?o interna que me atormentava finalmente deu lugar a uma submissaÌ?o calma que duraria vaÌ?rios dias. Passei o resto do dia e a maior parte da noite vendo os noticiaÌ?rios, me perguntando quem seria o nosso inimigo e olhando para o ceÌ?u claro e misteriosamente silencioso.
+NaÌ?o fechei mais as cortinas. Queria ter uma visaÌ?o desimpedida. Somente por garantia.
+Posso me lembrar detalhadamente de cada segundo do ataque ao PentaÌ?gono, mas as minhas memoÌ?rias das horas e dias que se seguiram estaÌ?o embaralhadas. PoreÌ?m, haÌ? alguns momentos pungentes que permanecem guardados no meu coraçaÌ?o. Como, por exemplo, o momento em que a voz do meu marido silenciou e o seu maxilar ficou riÌ?gido quando viu as fotos que tirei do PentaÌ?gono.
+Ou a maneira como os vizinhos e colegas trocaram os cumprimentos costumeiros e formais por abraços apertados e laÌ?grimas. As laÌ?grimas eram comuns durante aquelas primeiras semanas. Todos pareciam ter um limite.
+O meu se fez notar enquanto estava na redaçaÌ?o, lendo a paÌ?gina do obituaÌ?rio do "USA TODAY" relativo aÌ?s pessoas a bordo do VoÌ?o 77 da American Airlines. O pensamento moÌ?rbido de que os seus uÌ?ltimos segundos de vida se passaram acima da minha cabeça fez com que a minha garganta se contraiÌ?sse. Ao ler cada uma das linhas, vi os nomes e as idades de crianças que haviam sido incineradas a apenas alguns metros de onde eu estivera.
+Nunca havia chorado anteriormente no trabalho. Mas naquele dia -- e em outros -- chorei. Nos meses que se seguiram, a sociedade tentou fechar as feridas e aprender a viver com o antraz e com a ameaça potencial de mais ataques terroristas.
+Muitos procuraram psicoterapia para lidar com a anguÌ?stia e os medos. Eu escolhi o estudo, o cinismo, o desafio e a raiva. A revolucionaÌ?ria social dos anos 60 que dormia na minha alma havia mais de 30 anos tornou a emergir com uma face vingativa.
+NaÌ?o queria ser consolada. Tampouco precisava me sentir bem quanto a mim mesma. Estava com raiva e sentia orgulho disso.
+Se a raiva naÌ?o se constituiÌ?a em um estado de espiÌ?rito mais saudaÌ?vel, ela certamente me proporcionava mais sabedoria. Li sobre a religiaÌ?o muçulmana, o Oriente MeÌ?dio e as personalidades fanaÌ?ticas. Nenhuma das minhas pesquisas foi capaz de me ajudar a entender as personalidades tomada de um oÌ?dio que consumia certos indiviÌ?duos a tal ponto que os tornava capazes de jogar avioÌ?es cheios de inocentes, contra preÌ?dios ocupados, de forma alegre, insensiÌ?vel e deliberada.
+Tampouco pude entender como uma mulher poÌ?de posar orgulhosamente em frente a uma caÌ?mera de televisaÌ?o, enquanto ajudava o filho pequeno a se vestir com trajes de homem-bomba -- uma fantasia taÌ?o completa que incluiÌ?a um capuz do tipo Segunda-Feira Negra, igual aÌ?queles usados durante o massacre das OlimpiÌ?adas de Munique, em 1972. A legenda na tela citava a ambiçaÌ?o do garoto de oito anos -- detonar bombas atadas ao corpo antes de completar 15 anos. Surpreendentemente, um ano se passou desde aquele dia de pesadelo.
+A montanha de destroços do World Trade Center foi retirada. A reconstruçaÌ?o no PentaÌ?gono estaÌ? quase terminada. CerimoÌ?nias de homenagens estaÌ?o sendo planejadas, mas eu me recuso a participar.
+Trabalhei intensamente para secar as minhas laÌ?grimas, e naÌ?o quero me arriscar a veÌ?-las fluir novamente em um momento ensaiado de uma cerimoÌ?nia. Os meus momentos sentimentais e filosoÌ?ficos ocorreram no meio da noite, quando era incapaz de dormir. AÌ?s vezes fico pensando na roupa de seda marrom que usava naquele dia.
+NaÌ?o sou supersticiosa, de forma que me pergunto porque ela ficou pendurada no meu guarda-roupa, intocada durante meses, ateÌ? que eu decidisse usa-la novamente. Outras vezes eu filosofo sobre o VoÌ?o 93 da United Airlines e sobre a sua queda no interior da PensilvaÌ?nia. Nunca antes tive duÌ?vidas quanto ao heroiÌ?smo dos passageiros.
+E quero acreditar que o aviaÌ?o caiu em meio aÌ? luta. E realmente acredito. Mas eÌ? o aspecto fiÌ?sico do desastre que eu naÌ?o compreendo.
+Se a fuselagem eÌ? um bloco soÌ?lido no momento do impacto, porque os destroços cobriram 15 quiloÌ?metros quadrados de terreno? Recentemente as minhas divagaçoÌ?es da meia-noite se voltaram para a mulher histeÌ?rica que segurei nos braços na Washington Boulevard. Fico me perguntando onde e como ela estaÌ?. NaÌ?o sei o seu nome e, infelizmente, naÌ?o me lembro do seu rosto.
+Com o passar do tempo, a minha sensibilidade para com o ruiÌ?do de avioÌ?es diminuiu. Bem, o barulho de turbinas ainda chama a minha atençaÌ?o, mas suponho que isso seja normal. O que se tornou um grande problema foi voar de aviaÌ?o.
+Ainda sou incapaz de embarcar em uma aeronave. NaÌ?o eÌ? que eu naÌ?o queira voar; simplesmente naÌ?o consigo. Quando um aviaÌ?o surge no horizonte, eu o vejo como um miÌ?ssil.
+O tempo naÌ?o conseguiu mudar essa sensaçaÌ?o. Discos abaulados, ossos fraÌ?geis, quadris fraturados, ligamentos rompidos, veias varicosas, catarata, perda da audiçaÌ?o, heÌ?rnias e hemorroÌ?idas: a lista das mazelas corporais que nos afligem aÌ? medida que envelhecemos eÌ? longa e muito familiar. Por que caiÌ?mos em pedaços exatamente ao chegar no que devia ser o apogeu da vida?
+As maÌ?quinas vivas que chamamos de corpo deterioram porque naÌ?o foram projetadas para funcionar durante muito tempo e porque agora noÌ?s as obrigamos a continuar em atividade muito depois de expirada a sua data de validade. O corpo humano tem grande beleza artiÌ?stica, estando realmente aÌ? altura de todo o assombro e admiraçaÌ?o que desperta. Mas, do ponto de vista da engenharia, eÌ? uma rede complexa de ossos, muÌ?sculos, tendoÌ?es, vaÌ?lvulas e articulaçoÌ?es que tem uma analogia direta com as polias, bombas, alavancas e dobradiças das maÌ?quinas, todas faliÌ?veis.
+AÌ? medida que avançamos em nossos anos poÌ?s-reprodutivos, as articulaçoÌ?es e outras caracteriÌ?sticas anatoÌ?micas que funcionam bem ou naÌ?o causam problemas na juventude revelam suas imperfeiçoÌ?es. Desgastam-se ou contribuem de alguma outra forma para os problemas de sauÌ?de que se tornam comuns mais tarde. Em termos evolutivos, temos defeitos porque a seleçaÌ?o natural, a força que molda nossos traços geneticamente controlados, naÌ?o tem por objetivo a perfeiçaÌ?o ou a sauÌ?de permanente.
+Se o projeto de um corpo permite aos indiviÌ?duos sobreviverem tempo suficiente para se reproduzirem (e, nos organismos humanos e vaÌ?rios outros, criar a prole), esse seraÌ? o projeto escolhido. Isto eÌ?, os indiviÌ?duos robustos o bastante para se reproduzir vaÌ?o transmitir os seus genes - e, por conseguinte, o projeto de seu corpo - aÌ? geraçaÌ?o seguinte. Projetos que ameacem seriamente a sobreviveÌ?ncia na juventude seraÌ?o eliminados como ervas da-ninhas (pela seleçaÌ?o natural) porque os indiviÌ?duos mais afetados vaÌ?o morrer antes de ter a chance de produzir descenden-tes.
+Mais importante ainda: peculiaridades anatoÌ?micas e fisioloÌ?gicas que soÌ? se tornem incapacitantes depois que o indi-viÌ?duo se reproduziu vaÌ?o ser disseminadas. Por exemplo: se o projeto de um organismo leva ao colapso total aos cinquÌ?enta anos, mas naÌ?o interfere com a reproduçaÌ?o antes disso, ele vai ser transmitido apesar das consequÌ?eÌ?ncias perniciosas que teraÌ? mais tarde. Se tiveÌ?ssemos sido projetados para funcionar durante mais tempo, deveriÌ?amos ter menos defeitos que nos deixam relativamente incapazes em nossos uÌ?ltimos anos.
+Mas naÌ?o eÌ? assim que a evoluçaÌ?o funciona. Na verdade, ela faz enxertos de novas caracteriÌ?sticas, incorporando-as aÌ?s jaÌ? existentes. A postura ereta dos seres humanos eÌ? um dos casos em pauta.
+Foi adaptada a partir de um projeto corporal que fazia os mamiÌ?feros andarem de quatro. NaÌ?o haÌ? duÌ?vida de que esse enxerto ajudou nossos primeiros ancestrais hominiÌ?dios; supoÌ?e-se que ficar de peÌ? sobre as patas traseiras tenha promovido o uso de instrumentos e aumentado a inteligeÌ?ncia. Desde entaÌ?o, nossa coluna vertebral sofreu algumas adaptaçoÌ?es em funçaÌ?o dessa mudança esquisita: as veÌ?rtebras inferiores ficaram maiores para suportar a maior pressaÌ?o vertical, e nossa coluna curvou-se um pouco para nos impedir de cair para a frente.
+No entanto, esses consertos naÌ?o evitaram uma seÌ?rie de problemas decorrentes de nossa postura biÌ?pede. E se... Recentemente, noÌ?s treÌ?s começamos a refletir sobre como seria o corpo humano se ele tivesse sido construiÌ?do com o objetivo especiÌ?fico de ter uma vida longa e saudaÌ?vel. As revisoÌ?es anatoÌ?micas descritas nestas paÌ?ginas saÌ?o fantasias incompletas.
+Apesar disso, resolvemos apresentaÌ?-las para chamar a atençaÌ?o para uma questaÌ?o seÌ?ria. O envelhecimento costuma ser definido como uma doença que pode ser revertida ou eliminada. Na verdade, muitos fornecedores de juventude em vidrinhos gostariam de nos fazer acreditar que os problemas meÌ?dicos associados ao envelhecimento saÌ?o culpa nossa, decorrentes principalmente de nosso modo de vida decadente.
+EÌ? claro que qualquer idiota pode diminuir a duraçaÌ?o de sua vida. Mas eÌ? absolutamente injusto culpar as pessoas pelas consequÌ?eÌ?ncias de herdar um corpo que naÌ?o tem sistemas perfeitos de conserto e manutençaÌ?o e que naÌ?o foi concebido para um uso prolongado ou para ter sauÌ?de permanente. ContinuariÌ?amos nos desgastando com o passar do tempo mesmo que um modo de vida ideal, miÌ?tico, pudesse ser identificado e adotado.
+Essa realidade significa que o envelhecimento e muitos de seus transtornos concomitantes naÌ?o saÌ?o antinaturais, nem evitaÌ?veis. Nenhuma intervençaÌ?o simples compensaria as inuÌ?meras imperfeiçoÌ?es espalhadas por toda a nossa anatomia e que saÌ?o reveladas pela passagem do tempo. Mas temos confiança em que a cieÌ?ncia biomeÌ?dica vai ter condiçoÌ?es de amenizar certas doenças trazidas pelo tempo.
+Os pesquisadores estaÌ?o identificando rapidamente (e discernindo a funçaÌ?o de) miriÌ?ades de nossos genes, desenvolvendo remeÌ?dios para controlaÌ?-los e aprendendo a canalizar e aumentar as extraordinaÌ?rias faculdades de recuperaçaÌ?o que jaÌ? existem em nosso corpo. Esses avanços incriÌ?veis vaÌ?o acabar compensando muitos dos defeitos de concepçaÌ?o contidos em todos noÌ?s. Muitas das enfermidades debilitantes e ateÌ? fatais do envelhecimento decorrem em parte de nossa locomoçaÌ?o biÌ?pede e da postura ereta - ironicamente, as mesmas caracteriÌ?sticas que possibilitaram o florescimento da espeÌ?cie humana.
+Cada passo que damos coloca uma pressaÌ?o extraordinaÌ?ria em nossos peÌ?s, tornozelos, joelhos e costas - as estruturas que sustentam o peso de todo o corpo acima delas. No decorrer de um uÌ?nico dia, os discos da parte inferior das costas saÌ?o submetidos a pressoÌ?es equivalentes a vaÌ?rias toneladas por centiÌ?metro quadrado. Ao longo da vida, toda essa pressaÌ?o cobra o seu tributo, assim como o uso repetitivo de nossas articulaçoÌ?es e o esforço constante que a gravidade impoÌ?e a nossos tecidos.
+Embora a gravidade tenda a nos derrubar no fim, temos de fato algumas caracteriÌ?sticas que combatem sua força onipresente. Por exemplo: uma rede intrincada de tendoÌ?es nos ajuda a conectar os oÌ?rgaÌ?os aÌ? coluna vertebral, impedindo-os de cair e de imprensar uns aos outros. Mas esses recursos anatoÌ?micos - como o corpo em geral - naÌ?o foram feitos para durar para sempre.
+Se a longevidade e a sauÌ?de permanente tivessem sido o objetivo principal da evoluçaÌ?o, caracteriÌ?sticas como estatura menor, parte superior do tronco inclinada para a frente, caixa toraÌ?cica com mais costelas, ossos mais grossos, joelho capaz de dobrar para traÌ?s, mais gordura e muÌ?sculos, pescoço curvo com veÌ?rtebras maiores e tendoÌ?es tambeÌ?m maiores, teriam se tornado lugar-comum. VaÌ?rias partes da cabeça e do pescoço se tornam problemaÌ?ticas com uma regularidade incoÌ?moda aÌ? medida que as pessoas envelhecem. Pense no olho. A versaÌ?o humana eÌ? uma maravilha evolutiva, mas sua complexidade cria muitas oportunidades para as coisas darem errado quando se tem uma vida longa.
+Nossa visaÌ?o diminui aÌ? medida que o liÌ?quido protetor da coÌ?rnea vai perdendo a transpareÌ?ncia com o passar do tempo. Os muÌ?sculos que controlam a abertura da iÌ?ris e a focalizaçaÌ?o das lentes atrofiam-se e perdem a receptividade, e a lente engrossa e amarela, reduzindo a acuidade visual e a percepçaÌ?o das cores. AleÌ?m disso, a retina - responsaÌ?vel pela transmissaÌ?o de imagens ao ceÌ?rebro - pode se descolar com bastante facilidade da regiaÌ?o posterior do olho, levando aÌ? cegueira.
+Muitos desses problemas seriam difiÌ?ceis de resolver, mas o descolamento da retina sugere uma soluçaÌ?o que poderia ser usada para evitaÌ?-la. Algumas modificaçoÌ?es anatoÌ?micas tambeÌ?m poderiam preservar a audiçaÌ?o dos idosos. O projeto sub-oÌ?timo do sistemas respiratoÌ?rio e digestivo superior faz da asfixia um outro risco para os idosos.
+Um rearranjo simples resolveria o problema, mas criaria outros. Examinando a anatomia da proÌ?stata de um homem, um encanador experiente suspeitaria de um trabalho de aprendiz, porque a uretra, o tubo que leva aÌ? saiÌ?da da bexiga, passa bem no meio da glaÌ?ndula. Essa configuraçaÌ?o talvez tenha benefiÌ?cios desconhecidos ateÌ? agora, mas acaba provocando problemas urinaÌ?rios em muitos homens, inclusive um fluxo fraco e a necessidade de urinar com frequÌ?eÌ?ncia.
+As mulheres tambeÌ?m enfrentam problemas de encanamento aÌ? medida que envelhecem, principalmente a incontineÌ?ncia. Muito desconforto teria sido poupado a ambos os sexos se a evoluçaÌ?o tivesse feito algumas modificaçoÌ?es simples no desenho anatoÌ?mico. Dar aÌ? luz no alto de uma aÌ?rvore naÌ?o eÌ? o normal para seres humanos, mas foi exatamente isso que Sophia Pedro teve que fazer no auge das inundaçoÌ?es que devastaram o sul de Moçambique em março de 2000.
+Sophia sobreviveu quatro dias empoleirada acima das aÌ?guas torrenciais da inundaçaÌ?o, que matou mais de 700 pessoas na regiaÌ?o. No dia seguinte ao parto, noticiaÌ?rios de TV e jornais do mundo todo mostraram imagens dela e de seu filho receÌ?m-nascido sendo retirados da aÌ?rvore em um dramaÌ?tico resgate de helicoÌ?ptero. Salas de parto no alto de aÌ?rvores podem ser fora do comum para humanos, mas naÌ?o para outras espeÌ?cies de primatas.
+Por milhoÌ?es de anos, primatas se isolaram em aÌ?rvores ou touceiras para dar aÌ? luz. Seres humanos saÌ?o a uÌ?nica espeÌ?cie de primata que busca regularmente ajuda para o trabalho de parto. EntaÌ?o, quando e por que nossas ancestrais abandonaram esse haÌ?bito independente e solitaÌ?rio?
+As respostas estaÌ?o na natureza difiÌ?cil e arriscada do nascimento humano. Muitas mulheres sabem, por experieÌ?ncia proÌ?pria, que empurrar uma criança atraveÌ?s do canal de nascimento naÌ?o eÌ? coisa faÌ?cil. EÌ? o preço que pagamos por nossos ceÌ?rebros avantajados e nossa inteligeÌ?ncia: os humanos teÌ?m cabeças excepcionalmente grandes em relaçaÌ?o ao tamanho de seus corpos.
+Quem jaÌ? mergulhou mais profundamente no assunto tambeÌ?m sabe que a abertura na pelve humana por meio da qual o bebeÌ? precisa passar tem seu tamanho limitado em funçaÌ?o de nossa postura ereta. Mas soÌ? recentemente os antropoÌ?logos começaram a se dar conta de que as complexas torçoÌ?es e giros que os bebeÌ?s humanos fazem enquanto percorrem o canal de nascimento veÌ?m preocupando os humanos e seus ancestrais haÌ?, no miÌ?nimo, cem mil anos. IndiÌ?cios de foÌ?sseis tambeÌ?m sugerem que foi a anatomia, e naÌ?o apenas a nossa natureza social, que levou as maÌ?es humanas - em contraste com nossas parentes primatas mais proÌ?ximas e com quase todos os outros mamiÌ?feros - a pedir ajuda no parto.
+Na verdade, o haÌ?bito de procurar assisteÌ?ncia talvez jaÌ? existisse quando o mais antigo membro do geÌ?nero Homo apareceu, e possivelmente data de cinco milhoÌ?es de anos atraÌ?s, quando nossos ancestrais começaram a andar eretos regularmente. Como o bebeÌ? humano nasce voltado para traÌ?s, com a parte de traÌ?s da cabeça contra os ossos puÌ?bicos da maÌ?e, eÌ? difiÌ?cil para a mulher guiar a criança para fora do canal de nascimento (a abertura na pelve da maÌ?e) sem ajuda. Passando aperto Para testar nossa teoria de que a praÌ?tica do parto assistido existe haÌ? mileÌ?nios, consideremos primeiro o que os cientistas conhecem sobre a forma como um bebeÌ? primata se encaixa no canal de nascimento da maÌ?e.
+Vista de cima, a cabeça do filhote eÌ? basicamente oval, mais longa entre a testa e a parte de traÌ?s da cabeça e mais estreita de uma orelha a outra. Convenientemente, o canal de nascimento - a abertura oÌ?ssea na pelve pela qual o bebeÌ? precisa passar para ir do uÌ?tero ao mundo externo - tambeÌ?m eÌ? de formato oval. O desafio do nascimento para muitos primatas eÌ? que a cabeça do bebeÌ? eÌ? quase do tamanho dessa abertura.
+Para os humanos, esse aperto fica ainda mais complicado pelo fato de o canal de nascimento naÌ?o ter um tamanho constante num corte transversal. A entrada, por onde o bebeÌ? começa sua jornada, eÌ? mais larga dos lados em relaçaÌ?o ao corpo da maÌ?e. No meio do caminho, no entanto, essa orientaçaÌ?o gira 90 graus, e o eixo longo da forma oval passa a ser da frente para as costas da maÌ?e.
+Isso significa que o bebeÌ? precisa fazer uma seÌ?rie de mudanças de direçaÌ?o aÌ? medida que avança pelo canal de nascimento, para que as duas partes de seu corpo de maiores dimensoÌ?es - a cabeça e os ombros - estejam sempre alinhadas com a maior largura do canal (ver a ilustraçaÌ?o 1). Para compreender o processo de nascimento do ponto de vista da maÌ?e, imagine que voceÌ? estaÌ? prestes a dar aÌ? luz. O bebeÌ? muito provavelmente estaÌ? de cabeça para baixo, voltado para o seu lado, quando a cabeça entra no canal de nascimento.
+No meio do canal, no entanto, ele deve girar e voltar-se para suas costas; a parte de traÌ?s da cabeça dele estaraÌ? entaÌ?o pressionada contra seus ossos peÌ?lvicos. Nesse momento, portanto, os ombros do bebeÌ? estaÌ?o orientados para os lados do seu corpo. Quando sair do seu corpo, ele ainda estaraÌ? virado para traÌ?s.
+Essa rotaçaÌ?o ajuda a girar os ombros, de tal maneira que eles tambeÌ?m possam passar entre seus ossos puÌ?bicos e o coÌ?ccix. Para avaliar como a correspondeÌ?ncia das dimensoÌ?es maternal e fetal eÌ? justa, leve em consideraçaÌ?o que a abertura peÌ?lvica meÌ?dia das mulheres eÌ? de 13 centiÌ?metros no seu maior diaÌ?metro e 10 centiÌ?metros no menor. A cabeça meÌ?dia de um bebeÌ?, por sua vez, tem dez centiÌ?metros da frente para traÌ?s e os ombros teÌ?m 12 centiÌ?metros de largura.
+EÌ? essa jornada atraveÌ?s de um corredor de formato irregular que torna o nascimento humano difiÌ?cil e arriscado para a imensa maioria de maÌ?es e bebeÌ?s. Se voltarmos para traÌ?s o bastante na aÌ?rvore genealoÌ?gica dos nossos ancestrais, acabaremos por chegar a um ponto em que o parto naÌ?o era taÌ?o difiÌ?cil. Embora os humanos sejam geneticamente mais aparentados aos grandes siÌ?mios, saÌ?o os macacos menores que fornecem um modelo melhor para o que era o parto de primatas preÌ?-humanos.
+Uma linha de argumentaçaÌ?o para apoiar essa afirmaçaÌ?o eÌ? a seguinte: dos foÌ?sseis de primatas da eÌ?poca anterior ao primeiro hominiÌ?deo conhecido, o Australopithecus, um possiÌ?vel ancestral remoto eÌ? o Proconsul, datado em cerca de 25 milhoÌ?es de anos. Esse animal sem cauda provavelmente se parecia com um macaco grande, mas seu esqueleto sugere que ele se movimentava mais como um macaco pequeno. Sua pelve tambeÌ?m era mais parecida com a dos macacos pequenos.
+As cabeças dos bebeÌ?s macacos modernos ocupam tipicamente 98% do diaÌ?metro do canal de nascimento da maÌ?e - uma situaçaÌ?o mais comparaÌ?vel aÌ? dos humanos do que aÌ? dos chimpanzeÌ?s, cujos canais de nascimento saÌ?o relativamente espaçosos. Apesar do aperto por que passa o bebeÌ? macaco, sua entrada no mundo eÌ? menos desafiadora do que a do bebeÌ? humano. Em contraste com o canal de nascimento torcido dos humanos modernos, os dos macacos pequenos manteÌ?m o mesmo formato em corte transversal da entrada ateÌ? a saiÌ?da.
+O diaÌ?metro mais longo desse formato oval estaÌ? orientado no sentido frente-costas, e a parte mais larga dele estaÌ? virada para as costas da maÌ?e. Um bebeÌ? macaco entra no canal de nascimento de cabeça, com a parte larga de seu craÌ?nio contra a espaçosa parte de traÌ?s da pelve da maÌ?e. Isso significa que tambeÌ?m sai dele de frente, voltado para o mesmo sentido que a maÌ?e (veja a ilustraçaÌ?o 2).
+A observaçaÌ?o de partos de macacos revela a grande vantagem existente quando os bebeÌ?s nascem virados para a frente. Macacas daÌ?o aÌ? luz de coÌ?coras ou de quatro. Quando o filhote começa a nascer, a maÌ?e o pega, puxando-o para fora do canal de nascimento e levando-o em direçaÌ?o ao seu peito.
+Em muitos casos, ela tambeÌ?m retira muco da boca e do nariz do bebeÌ? para ajudaÌ?-lo a respirar. Os filhotes saÌ?o fortes o bastante para ter participaçaÌ?o ativa em seu proÌ?prio parto. Uma vez que suas maÌ?os estejam livres, eles podem agarrar o corpo de sua maÌ?e e sair.
+Seria muito mais faÌ?cil para as maÌ?es se os bebeÌ?s humanos tambeÌ?m nascessem virados para a frente. No entanto, as modificaçoÌ?es evolucionaÌ?rias da pelve humana, que permitiram aos hominiÌ?deos andar eretos, tambeÌ?m fizeram com que a maior parte dos bebeÌ?s saia do canal de nascimento com a parte de traÌ?s da cabeça contra os ossos puÌ?bicos, virados no sentido oposto ao da maÌ?e. Por essa razaÌ?o, eÌ? difiÌ?cil para a maÌ?e humana em trabalho de parto - naÌ?o importa se de coÌ?coras, sentada ou deitada - estender os braços e guiar o bebeÌ? enquanto ele sai de dentro de seu corpo.
+Essa configuraçaÌ?o tambeÌ?m prejudica bastante a capacidade da maÌ?e de facilitar a primeira respiraçaÌ?o do bebeÌ?, de remover o cordaÌ?o umbilical do seu pescoço ou mesmo de trazeÌ?-lo ateÌ? o seu peito. Se tentar acelerar o parto, segurando o bebeÌ? e guiando-o para fora do canal de nascimento, ela corre o risco de dobrar desajeitadamente as costas do filho contra a curva natural da espinha. Puxar um receÌ?m-nascido nesse aÌ?ngulo pode causar danos aÌ? sua coluna vertebral, aos seus nervos e aos seus muÌ?sculos.
+Para os humanos contemporaÌ?neos, a reaçaÌ?o a esses desafios eÌ? procurar assisteÌ?ncia para o trabalho de parto. NaÌ?o importa que seja um profissional treinado, uma parteira leiga ou um parente familiarizado com o processo de nascimento, o assistente pode ajudar a maÌ?e humana a fazer todas as coisas que a maÌ?e macaca faz sozinha. O assistente tambeÌ?m pode compensar a capacidade motora limitada do relativamente indefeso bebeÌ? humano.
+Os benefiÌ?cios ateÌ? das mais simples formas de assisteÌ?ncia reduziram a mortalidade materna e infantil ao longo da histoÌ?ria. Como o bebeÌ? macaco nasce voltado para frente, eÌ? possiÌ?vel para a maÌ?e alcançar o filhote e guiaÌ?-lo para fora do canal de nascimento. Ela pode tambeÌ?m limpar o muco da cara do receÌ?m-nascido para liberar sua respiraçaÌ?o.
+Parto Assistido Claro, muitas das nossas ancestrais podiam, assim como mulheres de hoje podem, dar aÌ? luz - e algumas daÌ?o - sozinhas. HaÌ? narrativas ficcionais que retratam camponesas robustas parindo desacompanhadas no campo; talvez a mais famosa delas esteja em The Good Earth (Terra Bendita, em portugueÌ?s), de Pearl S. Buck. Essas imagens provocam a impressaÌ?o de que dar aÌ? luz um bebeÌ? eÌ? faÌ?cil.
+Mas antropoÌ?logos que estudaram partos em culturas do mundo inteiro relatam que essas percepçoÌ?es saÌ?o extremamente romaÌ?nticas e que o nascimento humano poucas vezes eÌ? faÌ?cil e raramente naÌ?o eÌ? ajudado. Hoje em dia virtualmente todas as mulheres de todas as sociedades procuram assisteÌ?ncia no parto. Mesmo entre os !Kung do Deserto de Kalahari, no sul da AÌ?frica, conhecidos por terem no parto solitaÌ?rio um ideal cultural, as mulheres geralmente naÌ?o conseguem dar aÌ? luz sozinhas ateÌ? terem tido vaÌ?rios bebeÌ?s, em cujos partos maÌ?es, irmaÌ?s ou outras mulheres estiveram presentes.
+Assim, embora exceçoÌ?es existam, o parto assistido estaÌ? perto de ser um costume universal nas culturas humanas. Sabendo disso e acreditando que essa praÌ?tica adveÌ?m da dificuldade e do risco que acompanha o parto humano, começamos a pensar que a obstetriÌ?cia naÌ?o se restringe aos homens contemporaÌ?neos, mas tem suas raiÌ?zes nas profundezas de nossa ancestralidade. A anaÌ?lise que fizemos do processo de nascimento ao longo da evoluçaÌ?o humana levou-nos a sugerir que a praÌ?tica da obstetriÌ?cia pode ter surgido ateÌ? 5 milhoÌ?es de anos atraÌ?s, quando o advento do bipedalismo constringiu o tamanho e o formato da pelve e do canal de nascimento pela primeira vez.
+Um padraÌ?o de comportamento complexo como a obstetriÌ?cia obviamente naÌ?o se fossiliza, mas ossos peÌ?lvicos sim. O encaixe justo entre a cabeça do bebeÌ? e o canal de nascimento da maÌ?e nos humanos significa que o mecanismo de parto pode ser reconstruiÌ?do se soubermos o tamanho relativo desses dois elementos. A anatomia peÌ?lvica da maior parte dos periÌ?odos dos quais existem foÌ?sseis eÌ? hoje bem conhecida, e podemos estimar o tamanho dos craÌ?nios de bebeÌ?s com base em nosso vasto conhecimento das dimensoÌ?es de craÌ?nios de adultos (os craÌ?nios delicados de receÌ?m-nascidos normalmente naÌ?o saÌ?o encontrados preservados ateÌ? o ponto em que os humanos começaram a enterrar seus mortos, haÌ? cerca de cem mil anos).
+Conhecer o tamanho e o formato de craÌ?nios e pelves tambeÌ?m nos ajudou a compreender se os bebeÌ?s nasciam de frente ou de costas em relaçaÌ?o aÌ? posiçaÌ?o das maÌ?es - revelando, assim, o grau de desafio do parto. Andando com duas pernas Nos humanos modernos, tanto o bipedalismo quanto os ceÌ?rebros avantajados limitam o parto em detalhes importantes, mas a primeira mudança que nos distanciou da forma de parir de primatas naÌ?o-humanos foi provocada somente pelo bipedalismo. Essa maneira uÌ?nica de andar apareceu nos primeiros ancestrais humanos do geÌ?nero Australopithecus, haÌ? cerca de quatro milhoÌ?es de anos.
+A despeito da postura ereta, os Australopithecus tiÌ?picos naÌ?o passavam do 1,20 metro de altura e seus ceÌ?rebros naÌ?o eram muito maiores do que os dos chimpanzeÌ?s. EvideÌ?ncias recentes levantaram a questaÌ?o de qual das vaÌ?rias espeÌ?cies de Australopithecus fazia parte da linhagem que levou ao Homo. Ainda assim, compreender o modo como qualquer uma delas paria seus filhotes eÌ? importante porque andar com duas pernas teria limitado o tamanho maÌ?ximo da pelve e do canal de nascimento de forma semelhante em espeÌ?cies relacionadas.
+A anatomia da pelve feminina desse periÌ?odo eÌ? bem conhecida graças a dois foÌ?sseis completos. AntropoÌ?logos escavaram o primeiro deles (conhecido como Sts 14 e com idade estimada em 2,5 milhoÌ?es de anos) em Sterkfontein, um siÌ?tio na regiaÌ?o do Transvaal, na AÌ?frica do Sul. O segundo eÌ? mais conhecido como Lucy, um foÌ?ssil descoberto na regiaÌ?o de Hadar, na EtioÌ?pia, e datado em pouco mais de treÌ?s milhoÌ?es de anos de idade.
+Baseado nesses espeÌ?cimes e em estimativas de tamanhos de cabeças de receÌ?m-nascidos, Owen Lovejoy, da Kent State University, e Robert Tague, da Louisiana State University, concluiÌ?ram, em meados dos anos 80, que o parto dos primeiros hominiÌ?deos era diferente do de todas as outras espeÌ?cies existentes de primatas. O formato do canal de nascimento do Australopithecus eÌ? oval achatado, com a maior dimensaÌ?o de lado a lado, tanto na entrada quanto na saiÌ?da. Esse formato parece requerer um padraÌ?o de parto diferente do de macacos e humanos modernos.
+A cabeça naÌ?o teria que girar dentro do canal, mas achamos que, para que os ombros passassem, o bebeÌ? talvez precisasse viraÌ?-la ao sair. Em outras palavras, se o bebeÌ? entrava no canal de nascimento com a cabeça virada para o lado do corpo da maÌ?e, portanto com os ombros orientados numa linha que ia da barriga aÌ?s costas da maÌ?e, ele provavelmente teria que girar 90 graus ao longo do trajeto. Essa simples rotaçaÌ?o pode ter introduzido um tipo de dificuldade nos partos de Australopithecus que nenhuma outra espeÌ?cie de primata ateÌ? entaÌ?o enfrentara.
+Dependendo da direçaÌ?o para a qual os ombros do bebeÌ? girassem, sua cabeça poderia emergir virada para a frente ou para traÌ?s em relaçaÌ?o aÌ? maÌ?e. Como o canal de nascimento do Australopithecus eÌ? uma abertura simeÌ?trica de formato constante, o bebeÌ? poderia girar com a mesma facilidade tanto para um lado quanto para o outro, o que daria a ele uma chance de 50% de sair na posiçaÌ?o mais faÌ?cil, virado para a frente da maÌ?e. Se o bebeÌ? nascesse voltado para traÌ?s, a maÌ?e Australopithecus - como as maÌ?es humanas modernas - poderia fazer bom uso de alguma ajuda.
+CeÌ?rebros mais desenvolvidos Se o bipedalismo naÌ?o introduziu dificuldades suficientes no processo de parto, a ponto de fazer com que as maÌ?es precisassem de ajuda, a expansaÌ?o do tamanho do ceÌ?rebro dos hominiÌ?deos certamente o fez. A expansaÌ?o mais significativa do ceÌ?rebro de adultos e bebeÌ?s ocorreu depois dos Australopithecus, em particular no geÌ?nero Homo. Restos foÌ?sseis de pelves dos primeiros Homo saÌ?o bastante raros, e o espeÌ?cime melhor preservado, o foÌ?ssil Noriokotome, do QueÌ?nia, de 1,5 milhaÌ?o de anos de idade, eÌ? um adolescente frequÌ?entemente chamado de Jovem de Turkana.
+Pesquisadores estimaram que os parentes adultos do garoto provavelmente possuiÌ?am ceÌ?rebros cerca de duas vezes maiores do que os dos Australopithecus, mas que ainda assim tinham apenas dois terços do tamanho dos ceÌ?rebros humanos modernos. Ao reconstruir o formato da pelve do menino a partir de fragmentos, Christopher Ruff, da Johns Hopkins University, e Alan Walker, da Pennsylvania State University, estimaram a apareÌ?ncia que ele teria tido se tivesse atingido a idade adulta. Usando diferenças previsiÌ?veis entre a pelve do macho e da feÌ?mea em espeÌ?cies mais recentes de hominiÌ?deos, eles puderam tambeÌ?m inferir o aspecto de uma feÌ?mea daquela espeÌ?cie e estimar o formato do canal de nascimento.
+E o formato eÌ? oval achatado, semelhante ao das feÌ?meas Australopithecus. Com base nessas reconstituiçoÌ?es, os pesquisadores concluiÌ?ram que os parentes do Jovem de Turkana provavelmente tinham um mecanismo de nascimento como o dos Australopithecus. Em anos recentes, cientistas veÌ?m testando uma importante hipoÌ?tese surgida a partir das afirmaçoÌ?es de Ruff e Walker: a anatomia peÌ?lvica dos primeiros Homo pode ter limitado o crescimento do ceÌ?rebro humano ateÌ? o estaÌ?gio evolucionaÌ?rio no qual o canal de nascimento expandiu-se o bastante para permitir a passagem de uma cabeça de bebeÌ? maior.
+Essa afirmaçaÌ?o implica em que, de uma perspectiva evolucionaÌ?ria, ceÌ?rebros maiores e pelves mais espaçosas estavam intimamente ligados. IndiviÌ?duos que possuiÌ?am ambas as caracteriÌ?sticas eram melhor sucedidos ao gerar filhotes que sobreviviam para passar adiante seus traços. Essas mudanças na anatomia peÌ?lvica, acompanhadas do parto assistido, podem ter tornado possiÌ?vel o aumento acentuado no tamanho do ceÌ?rebro humano, que ocorreu de dois milhoÌ?es a cem mil anos atraÌ?s.
+FoÌ?sseis que abarcam os uÌ?ltimos 300 mil anos de evoluçaÌ?o humana daÌ?o suporte aÌ? conexaÌ?o entre a expansaÌ?o do tamanho do ceÌ?rebro e as mudanças na anatomia peÌ?lvica. Nos uÌ?ltimos 20 anos, cientistas encontraram treÌ?s foÌ?sseis de Homo sapiens arcaico: um macho em Sima de los Huesos, na Sierra Atapuerca, na Espanha com mais de 200 mil anos de idade; uma feÌ?mea em Jinniushan, na China, com 280 mil anos; e o macho Kebara Neandertal (que eÌ? tambeÌ?m um Homo sapiens arcaico), em Israel, com cerca de 60 mil anos. Todos esses espeÌ?cimes teÌ?m as aberturas peÌ?lvicas torcidas caracteriÌ?sticas dos humanos modernos, o que sugere que seus bebeÌ?s de ceÌ?rebros grandes provavelmente tiveram que girar a cabeça e os ombros dentro do canal de nascimento e portanto saiÌ?ram virados para o sentido oposto ao da maÌ?e.
+O triplo desafio constituiÌ?do por bebeÌ?s com ceÌ?rebros grandes, pelves adaptadas para se andar ereto e partos rotatoÌ?rios dos quais as crianças emergem viradas para traÌ?s naÌ?o eÌ? apenas uma circunstaÌ?ncia contemporaÌ?nea. Por esse motivo, sugerimos que, haÌ? muito tempo, a seleçaÌ?o natural favoreceu o comportamento de buscar assisteÌ?ncia durante o parto, pois essa ajuda compensava as dificuldades. No entanto, as maÌ?es provavelmente naÌ?o procuravam assisteÌ?ncia somente porque previam o risco que dar aÌ? luz representava.
+EÌ? mais provaÌ?vel que a dor, o medo e a ansiedade estimulassem seu desejo de companhia e segurança. Psiquiatras argumentam que a seleçaÌ?o natural pode ter favorecido tais emoçoÌ?es, porque elas levavam os indiviÌ?duos a procurar a proteçaÌ?o de companheiros, o que lhes daria maiores chances de sobreviveÌ?ncia. Os filhos dos sobreviventes teriam entaÌ?o maior tendeÌ?ncia a sentir as mesmas emoçoÌ?es em tempos de dor ou doença.
+Considerando-se as vantagens evolucionaÌ?rias que o medo e a ansiedade proporcionam, naÌ?o eÌ? surpreendente que as mulheres comumente sintam essas emoçoÌ?es durante o trabalho de parto. As mulheres modernas que daÌ?o aÌ? luz teÌ?m um duplo legado evolucionaÌ?rio: a necessidade de apoio fiÌ?sico e tambeÌ?m emocional. Quando Sophia Pedro deu aÌ? luz numa aÌ?rvore ilhada por aÌ?guas revoltas, ela teve esses dois tipos de assisteÌ?ncia.
+Entrevistada meses depois do resgate, ela contou aos repoÌ?rteres que sua sogra, que tambeÌ?m estava na aÌ?rvore, ajudou-a durante o parto. O desejo por esse tipo de assisteÌ?ncia pode ser taÌ?o antigo quanto a proÌ?pria humanidade. No uÌ?ltimo dia 15 de janeiro, ao norte de Natal, nas dunas da Praia de Genipabu, nasceu o primeiro dromedaÌ?rio nordestino.
+Ele se chama Akim e continua sendo amamentado pela maÌ?e, a intreÌ?pida KeÌ?nia. Por enquanto, o pequeno Akim ainda naÌ?o assumiu a penosa tarefa diaÌ?ria dos dez dromedaÌ?rios adultos da caÌ?fila que o suiÌ?ço Philippe Landry, casado com a brasileira Cleide, trouxe das Ilhas CanaÌ?rias. Ou seja: carregar os visitantes para cima e para baixo pelas dunas escaldantes.
+Mas naÌ?o demora e Akim logo pegaraÌ? no batente, sem estrilar. DromedaÌ?rio, como se sabe, eÌ? aquele animal de oito joelhos, treÌ?s estoÌ?magos, uma soÌ? corcova e uma pacieÌ?ncia soÌ?. Se voceÌ? se assombrou com Akim, saiba que esse legiÌ?timo dromedaÌ?rio nordestino, primeiro e uÌ?nico nascido sob o vento constante da Praia de Genipabu, eÌ? soÌ? mais uma entre as surpreendentes exclusividades desta cidade de 402 anos, fundada no dia de Natal de 1599 - daiÌ? o batismo. Se voceÌ? quer boas festas, sol e mais sol, areias brancas, piscinas naturais, coqueiros, brisa, fala nordestina e faroÌ?is, ora, faça-me o favor, voceÌ? pode viajar para qualquer capital do Nordeste - incluindo Natal.
+Escolha. Agora, se o cariÌ?ssimo leitor pretende passar uma temporada sossegada no Nordeste, em um hotel instalado dentro da praia, eÌ? soÌ? aqui. Eis uma das melhores exclusividades de Natal. Em Fortaleza, Recife ou Salvador, voceÌ? sai do quarto trajando camiseta ou canga, passa pelo lobby do hotel, cumprimenta o porteiro, sauÌ?da o cameloÌ?, recebe "santinho" de candidato aÌ?s eleiçoÌ?es, dribla o sorveteiro, suporta buzinas e brecadas, procura a faixa de pedestres, atravessa calçadas e avenidas movimentadas e soÌ? entaÌ?o finca o seu guarda-sol e a sua tranquÌ?ilidade na praia.
+Para voltar, repete o ritual - com o agravante de um traÌ?nsito mais intenso. Pois em Natal tem disso naÌ?o. Aqui, quase todos os hoteÌ?is confortaÌ?veis foram construiÌ?dos no lado certo da Via Costeira, na entrada da praia, de cara para o mar, sem nenhuma barreira de asfalto e sem nenhum automoÌ?vel separando o seu quarto da areia.
+Dessa forma, depois de dormir acariciado pelos ventos aliÌ?seos, ouvindo o acalanto do tombar das ondas, voceÌ? acorda, veste o maioÌ?, passa um bocado de protetor solar (eÌ? o jeito, pois a brisa constante ludibria a real poteÌ?ncia dos raios), daÌ? alguns passos e jaÌ? estaÌ? sob o guarda-sol, montado com desvelo pelos funcionaÌ?rios do hotel - taÌ? bom assim, muito obrigado, moço. Tal como ocorre com o Akim, voceÌ? tambeÌ?m naÌ?o vai estrilar. Raros visitantes teÌ?m do que reclamar em Natal.
+E eles saÌ?o muitos: foi pouco mais de 1,6 milhaÌ?o no ano passado, incluindo os voÌ?os charter vindos da ItaÌ?lia, Espanha, Portugal e EscandinaÌ?via. E onde eÌ? que voceÌ? acha que o capitaÌ?o Cafu (e sua subitamente ceÌ?lebre Regina) escolheu para descansar depois da pagaçaÌ?o de mico do desembarque da SeleçaÌ?o? O.k., convenhamos que Natal poderia ser ainda melhor.
+Seus aueÌ?s noturnos ainda se limitam a aÌ?reas diminutas e destinam-se, basicamente, aos jovens - embora os jornais da cidade tenham mais colunistas sociais do que paÌ?ginas. Outro senaÌ?o: o transporte coletivo tambeÌ?m naÌ?o ajuda. CriticaÌ?-lo numa revista de turismo, poreÌ?m, eÌ? igualar-se a ele: naÌ?o leva a lugar nenhum.
+Na realidade, esta naÌ?o eÌ? uma cidade para se pensar em negoÌ?cios. EÌ? um lugar para esfriar a cabeça, que o sol eÌ? quente mas o vento ajuda; uma cidade para andar de buggy, entrar na praia direto do hotel, visitar o Forte dos Reis Magos, praticar esquibunda e conhecer os Parrachos de MaracajauÌ? - um conjunto de recifes 7 quiloÌ?metros ao longo da costa, tambeÌ?m no Litoral Norte, ao qual se chega de barco. TambeÌ?m eÌ? o lugar certo para bebericar batida de caju, comprar o melhor artesanato nordestino e visitar casaroÌ?es.
+Entre tantos programas, um dos mais agradaÌ?veis eÌ? acordar cedinho e sair andando pela praia na direçaÌ?o do Morro do Careca, nome ganho devido aÌ?s areias que parecem formar um estranho penteado, que naÌ?o inspirou Cafu mas talvez inspirasse Ronaldinho, o FenoÌ?meno. Ao longo do caminho, voceÌ? veraÌ? os pescadores voltando, trazendo os camaroÌ?es que lhe seraÌ?o servidos no almoço em algum restaurante da Praia de Ponta Negra, a preços que parecem irreais, de taÌ?o acessiÌ?veis - outra saborosa exclusividade de Natal. Para fazer esse passeio, voceÌ? naÌ?o precisa de oito joelhos.
+Talvez valha recomendar o aluguel de um carro. AteÌ? porque eÌ? faÌ?cil se orientar em Natal: a cidade lembra um "L" perfeito (formado pela orla mariÌ?tima e pela foz do Rio Potengi) e, aleÌ?m disso, tem o traÌ?nsito melhor sinalizado do Nordeste - outra de suas exclusividades. Seja como for, para fazer os passeios mais interessantes, voceÌ? teraÌ? de deixar o carro de lado e recorrer a um dos 560 motoristas de buggy cadastrados pela prefeitura.
+SaÌ?o os ditos "bugueiros" - entre eles a bela Brigitte, que os bons ventos aliÌ?seos trouxeram de Paris. Ver um buggy rodando por qualquer avenida de Natal e pelas lindas praias do Litoral Norte eÌ? taÌ?o previsiÌ?vel quanto a refrataÌ?ria poliÌ?tica local, em que as dinastias dos Alves e dos Maias alternam-se no poder desde priscas eras. Para seu governo, o atual prefeito eÌ? um Alves.
+Assim como essas duas oligarquias, os bugueiros tambeÌ?m estaÌ?o em todas. E tendem a continuar assim. SoÌ? a bordo de um buggy, afinal, voceÌ? aproveitaraÌ? de fato as Dunas de Genipabu, a 23 quiloÌ?metros do centro de Natal.
+HaÌ? quem se contente em passear de dromedaÌ?rio, vestido de beduiÌ?no. Claro: pode render fotos curiosas e boas risadas - mesmo que voceÌ? naÌ?o tenha treÌ?s estoÌ?magos na hora de pagar as 30 pratas cobradas pela jornada. Mas o melhor, no duro, eÌ? se deixar levar pelos aÌ?geis bugueiros, subindo e descendo as dunas moÌ?veis de Genipabu em manobras de arrepiar.
+Muitas dunas teÌ?m nome proÌ?prio. Que tal "FafaÌ? de BeleÌ?m"? Ou "Funil"? Ou, ainda, "Hollywood, ao Sucesso"?
+O batismo mais recente fica para as "Dunas da Jade", refereÌ?ncia aÌ? personagem da atriz Giovanna Antonelli, que gravou aqui suas uÌ?ltimas cenas "marroquinas" de O Clone. SoÌ? naÌ?o faça como o Murilo BeniÌ?cio, seu partner na telenovela - e, agora, tambeÌ?m na vida real. O ator desempenhou papel duplo em seu passeio pelas dunas: sentou no buggy como o LeÌ?o da trama da TV, cheio de coragem, mas acabou dando uma de Lucas, medrou pelo caminho e atirou-se do veiÌ?culo durante uma manobra mais ousada.
+Deu sorte de soÌ? sofrer uns arranhoÌ?es. Cidade pioneira NaÌ?o tenha medo. Os bugueiros estaÌ?o mais acostumados aÌ?s dunas do que os Maias e os Alves ao poder.
+TambeÌ?m de buggy, rodando pelas areias da orla - mas sem manobras ousadas -, voceÌ? chegaraÌ? a JucumaÌ?, pouco adiante de Genipabu na mesma rota do Litoral Norte. Nessa regiaÌ?o foram inventados o esquibunda e o aerobunda, esportes que saÌ?o (mais uma!) exclusividade local, mas com manifesto potencial para se tornar oliÌ?mpicos - se, porventura, o vetusto ComiteÌ? OliÌ?mpico tiver algum senso de humor. O esquibunda consiste em deslizar pela encosta de uma duna ateÌ? o atrito final com as aÌ?guas caÌ?lidas de um lago, trajeto pelo qual o praticante segue comodamente sentado sobre uma prancha anatoÌ?mica.
+O aerobunda, por sua vez, eÌ? uma assumida derivaçaÌ?o do esquibunda. No caso, o aerobundista (bem, a palavra naÌ?o consta do "AureÌ?lio" nem o ComiteÌ? OliÌ?mpico a adota ainda) tambeÌ?m desce ateÌ? o mergulho no lago, mas, desta vez, agarrado a um arremedo de telefeÌ?rico. Em ambas as descidas, a diversaÌ?o agrada de cara.
+Esquibunda e aerobunda surgiram numa regiaÌ?o que prima pelo pioneirismo. JaÌ? era assim no seÌ?culo 16, quando os holandeses aqui se instalaram durante 21 anos. O nome que conferiram aÌ?s terras invadidas foi Nova AmsterdaÌ?, o mesmo que, aliaÌ?s, dariam depois a uma cidade mais ao norte - hoje conhecida por Nova York.
+Depois de expulsar os holandeses, era natural que os portugueses decidissem naÌ?o dar mais sopa para o azar. Com efeito, eles começaram a erguer uma fortaleza em forma de estrela - o Forte dos Reis Magos, ainda uma visita obrigatoÌ?ria -, e logo depois fundaram a cidade. Por isso, Natal nunca foi vilarejo, nem vila ou arrabalde.
+JaÌ? nasceu cidade - outra exclusividade, portanto. VoceÌ?s moram no uÌ?ltimo andar deste preÌ?dio e, portanto, naÌ?o teÌ?m vizinhos residindo em cima de voceÌ?s. Logo, eÌ? provaÌ?vel que voceÌ?s naÌ?o saibam de algumas consequeÌ?ncias de terem pessoas habitando o apartamento de cima.
+O objetivo desta carta eÌ? de explicar e detalhar alguns alguns aspectos relacionados a esse fato. Em comparaçaÌ?o com preÌ?dios mais antigos, este preÌ?dio eÌ? notavelmente mais transparente ao som. Este fato, em combinaçaÌ?o com as taÌ?buas largas presentes nos apartamentos, evidencia o ruiÌ?do causado por sapatos de sola dura ou de salto, oÌ?bvio para os moradores dos apartamentos inferiores.
+As taÌ?buas agem como ressoadores, amplificando eficientemente as pisadas das pessoas em cima. Alias, isso acontece quando qualquer objeto duro cai no chaÌ?o e tambeÌ?m quando portas e gavetas saÌ?o fechadas. Durante o dia, os passos naÌ?o atrapalham as pessoas de baixo; poreÌ?m, quando o barulho ambiental diminui, entre 23:00 e 07:00 horas, estes passos se tornam muito oÌ?bvios e incomodam bastante (num horaÌ?rio em que boa parte das pessoas estaÌ?o descansando).
+Esse incoÌ?modo aumenta ainda mais quando ouvimos esses passos, ou sapatos sendo jogados no chaÌ?o, de madrugada e pelos dormitoÌ?rios, como ocorreu no dia 19 de dezembro do ano passado. Nessa ocasiaÌ?o tanto noÌ?s quanto nosso filho fomos acordados. Em virtude destes aspectos, noÌ?s tentamos reduzir o barulho transmitido aos nossos vizinhos do andar inferior tomando cuidados simples, como por exemplo, usar sapatos de solas macias tarde da noite, especialmente nos dormitoÌ?rios.
+Constatamos que os condoÌ?minos do preÌ?dio com os quais conversamos adotam esse tipo de medida pelos mesmos motivos. Em suma, a razaÌ?o primaÌ?ria de lhes enviar esta carta eÌ? de lhes informar os aspectos sonoros dos apartamentos, caso naÌ?o sabiam, e de lhes relatar um pouco de como nos sentimos. Se puderem tomar qualquer provideÌ?ncia para minimizar esses sons, ficaremos bastante agradecidos.
+Nos colocamos ainda a disposiçaÌ?o de voceÌ?s caso tenham interesse em verificar, em nosso apartamento, o niÌ?vel de ruiÌ?do que aqui relatamos. O economista e ministro da SauÌ?de JoseÌ? Serra mostra no miÌ?nimo ingenuidade na sua descriçaÌ?o onteÌ?m da "ConfissaÌ?o moÌ?rbida" divulgada pelo fabricante de cigarros Philip Morris. Faz deÌ?cadas que os governos dos paiÌ?ses desenvolvidos saÌ?o coniventes com o raciociÌ?nio financeiro de que as economias obtidas em naÌ?o custear a prevideÌ?ncia social para aqueles que morrem prematuramente devido ao fumo saÌ?o astronoÌ?micas.
+Um estudo feito, por exemplo, pelo governo britaÌ?nico em 1972 demonstra claramente estes nuÌ?meros surpreendentes. Talvez esta loÌ?gica naÌ?o se aplique ao Brasil onde o sistema previdenciaÌ?rio estaÌ? essencialmente quebrado. Se voceÌ? abre uma porta, voceÌ? pode ou naÌ?o entrar em uma nova sala.
+VoceÌ? pode naÌ?o entrar e ficar observando a vida. Mas se voceÌ? vence a duÌ?vida, o medo, e entra, daÌ? um grande passo: nesta sala, vive-se. Mas, tambeÌ?m, tem um preço& SaÌ?o inuÌ?meras outras portas que voceÌ? descobre.
+AÌ?s vezes quebra-se a cara, aÌ?s vezes curte-se mil e uma. O grande segredo eÌ? saber quando e qual porta deve ser aberta. A vida naÌ?o eÌ? rigorosa.
+Ela propicia erros e acertos. Os erros podem ser transformados em acertos quando com eles se aprende. NaÌ?o existe a segurança do acerto eterno.
+A vida eÌ? generosa. A cada sala que se vive, descobrem-se tantas outras portas. E a vida enriquece quem se arrisca a abrir novas portas.
+Ela privilegia quem descobre seus segredos e generosamente oferece afortunadas portas. Mas a vida tambeÌ?m pode ser dura e severa. Se voceÌ? naÌ?o ultrapassar a porta, teraÌ? sempre a mesma porta pela frente.
+EÌ? a repetiçaÌ?o perante a criaçaÌ?o, eÌ? a monotonia monocromaÌ?tica perante a multiplicidade das cores, eÌ? a estagnaçaÌ?o da vida& Para a vida, as portas naÌ?o saÌ?o obstaÌ?culos, mas diferentes passagens& Na qPCR (tambeÌ?m chamada de PCR quantitativa) a produçaÌ?o do amplicon eÌ? monitorada durante a amplificaçaÌ?o, ciclo a ciclo. Isso eÌ? possiÌ?vel porque a reaçaÌ?o de PCR composta de ingredientes, tal como primers e/ou sondas marcados com fluoÌ?roforos e/ou quenchers fazendo com que haja um aumento na fluoresceÌ?ncia durante a amplificaçaÌ?o; esta uÌ?ltima sendo diretamente proporcional a formaçaÌ?o do amplicon. Essa fluoresceÌ?ncia eÌ? medidada por um sistema de oÌ?tica acoplado ao termociclador e, portanto, a produçaÌ?o do amplicon eÌ? monitorado em tempo real.
+O emprego de fluoÌ?roforos diferentes permite o uso de PCR multiplex no mesmo tubo e portanto o seguimento da produçaÌ?o de vaÌ?rios amplicons simultaneamente. Na PCR convencional uma aliÌ?quota da reaçaÌ?o poÌ?s-amplificaçaÌ?o eÌ? removida para anaÌ?lise, realizada comumente por eletroforese em gel. A presença do amplicon, normalmente uma banda de peso molecular esperado, eÌ? verificada e sua intensidade fornece um indiÌ?cio de quanto do alvo havia na amostra inicial.
+Um problema inerente a isso eÌ? que, na fase final da PCR, a formaçaÌ?o de amplicon naÌ?o eÌ? mais proporcional aÌ? quantidade de alvo presente na amostra inicial; aleÌ?m disso, a intensidade de banda de amplicon visto num gel tambeÌ?m pode naÌ?o refletir a quantidade de amplicon gerado pois essa intensidade tem um limite. qPCR funciona porque o aparecimento e o aumento na fluoresceÌ?ncia eÌ? monitorado desde o primeiro ciclo (quando eÌ? zero) e estando esta correlacionado diretamente com o acuÌ?mulo de amplicon. Analisando a curva de crescimento da fluoresceÌ?ncia ao longo da amplificaçaÌ?o e usando-se o software que vem com o instrumento, eÌ? possiÌ?vel calcular (extrapolar) quantas coÌ?pias do alvo havia na amostra inicial.
+Infelizmente com isso naÌ?o eÌ? possiÌ?vel dispensar o uso de alvos controle porque alvos diferentes de PCR possuem eficieÌ?ncias de amplificaçaÌ?o diferentes e os controles servem entaÌ?o para calibrar os ensaios. Essa quantificaçaÌ?o esmerada tem implicaçoÌ?es para os controles negativos usados em PCR. Usando qPCR eÌ? teoricamente factiÌ?vel medir a presença de uma coÌ?pia do alvo na amostra inicial sendo testado.
+Por definiçaÌ?o, no controle negativo deveria haver zero coÌ?pias do alvo em questaÌ?o. PoreÌ?m um controle negativo poderia ter (e na praÌ?tica deve ter) algumas coÌ?pias do alvo que saÌ?o indetectaÌ?veis usando PCR convencional. EÌ? somente qPCR que precisamente mede quaÌ?o zero eÌ? o controle negativo, que daiÌ? eÌ? usado para corrigir (como background) todas as leituras das amostras sendo testadas.
+HaÌ? uma uÌ?ltima ponderaçaÌ?o: em qPCR naÌ?o tem manipulaçaÌ?o do tubo da reaçaÌ?o apoÌ?s a amplificaçaÌ?o como haÌ? em PCR convencional. Ou seja, a partir do momento que a reaçaÌ?o eÌ? montada e o tubo eÌ? fechado, este permanece selado para sempre. Isso evita a maior fonte de contaminaçaÌ?o em laboratoÌ?rios de PCR que saÌ?o os produtos de amplificaçoÌ?es anteriores sendo espalhados pelo ambiente, contaminando reaçoÌ?es de PCR sendo preparados e levando a resultados falso-positivos naqueles.
+Existem diferentes meÌ?todos que utilizam primers e/ou sondas flourescentes ou com quenchers que levam aÌ? geraçaÌ?o de fluoresceÌ?ncia durante a amplificaçaÌ?o. O desenho correto destas moleÌ?culas eÌ? difiÌ?cil e consome bastante tempo. As moleÌ?culas supracitadas no item anterior custam caro e se seu desenho naÌ?o for satisfatoÌ?rio, outras variantes teraÌ?o de ser encomendadas, envolvendo a tentativa e erro . Como a fluoresceÌ?ncia estaÌ? sendo monitorada atraveÌ?s de insumos plaÌ?sticos, estes precisam ser de qualidade superior ao normal.
+A manipulaçaÌ?o dos dados obtidos (com ajuda do software) para gerar conclusoÌ?es reais naÌ?o eÌ? simples. Acompanho discussoÌ?es semanalmente onde isso eÌ? discutido. AleÌ?m disso, parece que os softwares ainda estaÌ?o sendo melhorados, removendo os bugs inevitaÌ?veis.
+EÌ? consenso que a manutençaÌ?o regular dos instrumentos atuais eÌ? imprescindiÌ?vel. QuantificaçaÌ?o de nuÌ?mero de coÌ?pias de um alvo especiÌ?fico em uma amostra PatoÌ?genos: o exemplo claÌ?ssico eÌ? a quantificaçaÌ?o de HIV1 numa amostra de sangue de um portador de AIDS. Um outro alvo seria FMDV em animais.
+Transgenes em material vegetal e em alimento processado: aqui haÌ? um aspecto especial referente a inibiçaÌ?o da amplificaçaÌ?o devido a natureza da amostra. Genes ou oncogenes expressos em caÌ?ncer: na medida em que for constatada a expressaÌ?o anormal de alguns genes especiÌ?ficos em tumores, eles poderaÌ?o ser quantificadas no sangue dos pacientes. Por exemplo uma translocaçaÌ?o cromossoÌ?mica (14:18) resulta em um linfoma e o produto dela pode ser quantificado durante o tratamento da doença.
+Transcritos de RNA da fusaÌ?o bcr/abl em leucemia mieloÌ?gena croÌ?nica, de tirosinase em melanoma e de citokeratina 19 em caÌ?ncer de colo do uÌ?tero saÌ?o quantificados pela mesma tecnologia. DNA genoÌ?mico humano e DNA mitocondrial humano em amostras forenses: atualmente quando DNA eÌ? extraiÌ?do de tais amostras e quantificado (pelo espectrofotoÌ?metro), a leitura resultante se refere ao DNA total que, na maioria, eÌ? DNA microbial. Portanto tais mediçoÌ?es naÌ?o saÌ?o uÌ?teis e a outra alternativa disponiÌ?vel (hibridaçaÌ?o) eÌ? muito imprecisa aleÌ?m de consumir muito tempo.
+As reaçoÌ?es de PCR multiplex que amplificam os locos de STR necessitam uma quantidade de alvo definido. O uso de qPCR permite a quantificaçaÌ?o do DNA de origem humano. 30% das mutaçoÌ?es neste gene compoÌ?e deleçoÌ?es reletivamente grandes que passam despercebidas quando o gene eÌ? sequenciado aÌ? procura de mutaçoÌ?es patoloÌ?gicas.
+qPCR seria usado para confirmar a presença das duas coÌ?pias do gene em vez de usar a teÌ?cnica de Southern blotting. Usando primers alelo-especiÌ?ficos, esta tecnologia eÌ? usada para fazer detecçaÌ?o raÌ?pida de mutaçoÌ?es pontuais, portanto definindo os dois tipos de homozigotos e os heterozigotos. Aqui estaÌ? o mais puro exemplo de como temos, muitas vezes, de nos adaptar atitudes tomadas no passado: A bitola das ferrovias (distaÌ?ncia entre os dois trilhos) nos Estados nidos eÌ? de 4 peÌ?s e 8,5 polegadas.
+Por que esse nuÌ?mero foi utilizado? Porque era esta a bitola das ferrovias inglesas e como as americanas foram construiÌ?das pelos ingleses, esta foi a medida utilizada. Por que os ingleses usavam esta medida?
+Porque as empresas inglesas que construiÌ?am os vagoÌ?es eram as mesmas que construiÌ?am as carroças, antes das ferrovias e se utilizavam dos mesmos ferramentais das carroças. Por que das medidas (4 peÌ?s e 8,5 polegadas) para as carroças? Porque a distaÌ?ncia entre as rodas das carroças deveria servir para as estradas antigas da Europa, que tinham esta medida.
+E por que tinham esta medida? Porque essas estradas foram abertas pelo antigo impeÌ?rio romano, quando de suas conquistas, e tinham as medidas baseadas nas antigas bigas romanas. E por que as medidas das bigas foram definidas assim?
+Porque foram feitas para acomodar dois trazeiros de cavalos! Finalmente... O oÌ?nibus espacial americano, o Space Shuttle, utiliza dois tanques de combustiÌ?vel soÌ?lido (SRB - Solid Rocket Booster) que saÌ?o fabricados pela Thiokol, em Utah. Os engenheiros que os projetaram queriam fazeÌ?-lo mais largo, poreÌ?m tinham a limitaçaÌ?o dos tuÌ?neis das ferrovias por onde eles seriam transportados, os quais tinham suas medidas baseadas na bitola da linha.
+ConclusaÌ?o: O exemplo mais avançado da engenharia mundial em design e tecnologia acaba sendo afetado pelo tamanho da bunda do cavalo da Roma antiga. Informos que os trens, nos horaÌ?rios de maior movimento, saÌ?o operados automaticamente pelos computadores do Centro de Controle Operacional, sendo que o Operador de Trem apenas monitora as mudanças de velocidade, as frenagens e o tempo de parada nas plataformas. Assim sendo, quando ocorrem freadas bruscas, elas se devem basicamente a dois fatores: - atuaçaÌ?o manual do freio de emergeÌ?ncia pelo operador, em situaçoÌ?es excepcionais (queda de usuaÌ?rio na via, por exemplo); - atuaçaÌ?o automaÌ?tica do equipamento que controla a movimentaçaÌ?o dos trens, o que pode ocorrer quando o trem que segue aÌ? frente eÌ? retido por alguma razaÌ?o.
+Em ambos os casos, tais frenagens saÌ?o inevitaÌ?veis, dada a necessidade de manter distanciamento miÌ?nimo de segurança entre as composiçoÌ?es. Na via saÌ?o gerados coÌ?digos de velocidade que, considerando a geografia do tuÌ?nel (subida, descida, reta, curva, chegando ou saindo da estaçaÌ?o), definem os limites maÌ?ximos de velocidade que o trem pode trafegar no trecho. Estes limites maÌ?ximos de velocidade saÌ?o recebidos e interpretados pelos trens, atraveÌ?s de um Sistema de ProteçaÌ?o AutomaÌ?tica que envia, portanto, comandos de aceleraçaÌ?o ou desaceleraçaÌ?o.
+As taxas de aceleraçaÌ?o e desaceleraçaÌ?o, saÌ?o as mesmas em qualquer trem que circula no sistema metroviaÌ?rio, ou seja, na Linha 1-Azul , Linha 2 - Verde e na Linha 3 - Vermelha. Os trens da Linha 3 - Vermelha, por serem mais recentes, possuem circuitos de controle da aceleraçaÌ?o, desaceleraçaÌ?o e frenagem pneumaÌ?tica microprocessados, tornando possiÌ?veis respostas mais raÌ?pidas a estes comandos. Isto faz com que os trancos provenientes destas transiçoÌ?es sejam mais suaves, do que os praticados pelos trens da Linha 1-Azul.
+Os operadores soÌ? controlam a frenagem no horaÌ?rio das 23h00 aÌ?s 24h00 e, eventualmente, em outros horaÌ?rios quando haÌ? alguma emergeÌ?ncia, pois o trem freia automaticamente. Esclarecemos que, naÌ?o obstante o alto niÌ?vel de confiabilidade de nossos sistemas e equipamentos e o cuidadoso treinamento de capacitaçaÌ?o de nossos empregados, o sistema metroviaÌ?rio naÌ?o estaÌ?, evidentemente, imune a falhas. Tudo bem? Desculpe demorar a mandar notiÌ?cias mas como lhe falei, estou com muitos problemas aqui.
+Isso tem me perturbado muito. Estou de feÌ?rias agora e aproveitando para terminar minha tese. Tenho que defender ateÌ? o final de agosto e entaÌ?o estou correndo contra o tempo.
+TambeÌ?m preciso decidir o que vou fazer da vida e naÌ?o eÌ? uma decisaÌ?o faÌ?cil. A minha vontade era nunca mais voltar para o NUPAD por causa da Dora. Algumas pessoas jaÌ? pediram demissaÌ?o o meÌ?s passado por causa dela.
+Eu naÌ?o estou suportando mais. Por outro lado, começar tudo de novo naÌ?o eÌ? faÌ?cil. Ainda naÌ?o sei o que vou fazer.
+Eu cheguei a ler o trabalho mas precisava te ligar para tirar algumas duÌ?vidas mas fiquei complicada aqui com a tese e estes problemas. Quanto aÌ? dissomia, eu olho quando maÌ?e e filho saÌ?o iguais e quando o filho eÌ? homozigoto para um dos alelos da maÌ?e ( isso para mutaçoÌ?es paternas). Para mutaçoÌ?es maternas eÌ? a mesma coisa.
+Assim eu identifico os casos suspeitos. Depois tem que confirmar com mais marcadores. Eu naÌ?o consegui abrir o arquivo que vc me mandou.
+Quando o Geraldo chegar, eu vou ver se ele daÌ? um jeito. Nesta era, marcada pelo impacto das tecnologias de informaçaÌ?o e comunicaçaÌ?o, deter e produzir conhecimento cientiÌ?fico e teÌ?cnico e transformaÌ?-lo em inovaçoÌ?es nas esferas econoÌ?mica e social eÌ?, mais do que nunca, estrateÌ?gico tanto para o dinamismo e a prosperidade da sociedade quanto para que a naçaÌ?o se defina de forma soberana. A anaÌ?lise da sociedade e da economia internacionais indica que as naçoÌ?es mais bem-sucedidas saÌ?o as que investem, de forma sistemaÌ?tica, em CieÌ?ncia e Tecnologia e saÌ?o capazes de transformar os frutos desses esforços em inovaçoÌ?es.
+Um dos resultados mais evidentes desses investimentos eÌ? a capacidade que essas naçoÌ?es teÌ?m de propiciar alta qualidade de vida, empregos bem remunerados, segurança puÌ?blica e seguridade social a seus cidadaÌ?os. Seus bens e serviços caracterizam-se por serem tecnologicamente avançados, ou seja, por incorporarem de forma intensiva o conhecimento. A produçaÌ?o e a comercializaçaÌ?o de tais bens e serviços refletem o maior potencial que esses paiÌ?ses dispoÌ?em de geraçaÌ?o de renda e crescimento econoÌ?mico, em funçaÌ?o seja do proÌ?prio valor agregado a esses produtos, seja do grande dinamismo de seus mercados.
+Em um contexto de fluxos crescentes de comeÌ?rcio internacional, em especial de produtos de alto conteuÌ?do tecnoloÌ?gico, os paiÌ?ses exportadores desses produtos saÌ?o os que apresentam melhor desempenho econoÌ?mico. Em consequÌ?eÌ?ncia, o maior niÌ?vel de renda auferido cria condiçoÌ?es para que consolidem mais facilmente sua trajetoÌ?ria de desenvolvimento ao longo do tempo. EÌ? esse cenaÌ?rio que motiva os paiÌ?ses em desenvolvimento a investirem em CieÌ?ncia, Tecnologia e InovaçaÌ?o, mesmo reconhecendo as dificuldades que enfrentaraÌ?o, por força dos hiatos existentes entre suas trajetoÌ?rias passadas e a complexidade dos processos contemporaÌ?neos de avanço cientiÌ?fico e tecnoloÌ?gico.
+Desafios para a consolidaçaÌ?o de um Sistema Nacional de CT&I No passado, o Brasil poÌ?de crescer sem contar, ateÌ? certo ponto, com um sistema dinaÌ?mico e organizado de geraçaÌ?o e incorporaçaÌ?o de inovaçoÌ?es ao tecido produtivo. Foi possiÌ?vel expandir fronteiras agropecuaÌ?rias, explorar recursos naturais e instalar setores industriais principalmente por meio da importaçaÌ?o de tecnologia. Na maioria dos casos, foi importada tecnologia madura, de ampla utilizaçaÌ?o internacional, que viabilizava a ocupaçaÌ?o do mercado domeÌ?stico, mas que naÌ?o assegurava aÌ?s empresas reais vantagens em relaçaÌ?o aos concorrentes.
+No entanto, na chamada economia do conhecimento, o modelo de crescimento baseado na importaçaÌ?o de tecnologia, sem uma capacitaçaÌ?o endoÌ?gena, jaÌ? naÌ?o eÌ? suficiente para assegurar desenvolvimento sustentaÌ?vel e inserçaÌ?o soberana do PaiÌ?s no cenaÌ?rio internacional. EÌ? largamente reconhecido que teÌ?m pouca sustentabilidade os ganhos de competitividade decorrentes do pagamento de baixos salaÌ?rios, da exploraçaÌ?o predatoÌ?ria da natureza e da concessaÌ?o continuada de subsiÌ?dios a aparelhos produtivos ineficientes. O desenvolvimento econoÌ?mico de longo prazo naÌ?o eÌ? compatiÌ?vel com um padraÌ?o de competitividade com base em baixos niÌ?veis de renda da populaçaÌ?o, com a destruiçaÌ?o do patrimoÌ?nio natural, nem com vantagens competitivas artificiais.
+A via para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento sustentado passa necessariamente pelas poliÌ?ticas de promoçaÌ?o da legiÌ?tima competitividade, como estrateÌ?gia de inserçaÌ?o. Para que se alcance o crescimento sustentado, saÌ?o necessaÌ?rios o contiÌ?nuo aperfeiçoamento da tecnologia utilizada na produçaÌ?o de bens e serviços, a introduçaÌ?o de novos produtos e serviços e melhores formas de organizar e distribuir a produçaÌ?o, aleÌ?m da significativa ampliaçaÌ?o da escolaridade e da qualificaçaÌ?o profissional da populaçaÌ?o. A experieÌ?ncia internacional demonstra que CieÌ?ncia, Tecnologia e InovaçaÌ?o desempenham papel fundamental na criaçaÌ?o de um ciÌ?rculo virtuoso de crescimento.
+A proficieÌ?ncia brasileira no campo cientiÌ?fico, fruto de permanentes esforços da sociedade na formaçaÌ?o de pessoal qualificado em que se destaca um amplo e bem qualificado sistema de poÌ?s-graduaçaÌ?o e na constituiçaÌ?o de importante infra-estrutura cientiÌ?fica, tecnoloÌ?gica e educacional eÌ? reconhecida. Estudo recente do Banco Mundial posiciona o Brasil, junto a paiÌ?ses como China e IÌ?ndia, em um niÌ?vel intermediaÌ?rio entre as naçoÌ?es avançadas e os demais paiÌ?ses em desenvolvimento, que formam um grupo integrado por cerca de 140 paiÌ?ses dos quais 120 saÌ?o literalmente tecno-excluiÌ?dos e 20 outros estaÌ?o a caminho da almejada proficieÌ?ncia cientiÌ?fica. Embora sejam inquestionaÌ?veis os resultados dos esforços brasileiros, haÌ? ainda muito a avançar, sobretudo para melhor aparelhar a infra-estrutura disponiÌ?vel, expandi-la e melhor utilizaÌ?-la em benefiÌ?cio de toda a populaçaÌ?o.
+O Brasil, portanto, precisa enfrentar o muÌ?ltiplo desafio de acompanhar e contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento cientiÌ?fico e tecnoloÌ?gico; ampliar o contingente de pessoal qualificado para criar a massa criÌ?tica necessaÌ?ria para seu processo de desenvolvimento; orientar os esforços de C&T para resultados de interesse da sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir ou superar hiatos socioeconoÌ?micos, criando melhores possibilidades para que a populaçaÌ?o tenha acesso aos frutos do progresso. A conjunçaÌ?o desses fatores eÌ? condiçaÌ?o para uma sociedade mais justa e dotada de auteÌ?nticas condiçoÌ?es de competitividade. As fronteiras do conhecimento saÌ?o continuamente deslocadas para diante e as novas tecnologias caracterizam-se pela maior densidade em conhecimento cientiÌ?fico e pessoal qualificado.
+Nesse contexto, a base cientiÌ?fica brasileira eÌ? relativamente pequena para a magnitude dos desafios que se apresentam e sua inserçaÌ?o na agenda econoÌ?mica nacional ainda eÌ? insatisfatoÌ?ria. Tal situaçaÌ?o naÌ?o favorece o desencadeamento dos processos amplos de inovaçaÌ?o, geradores do desenvolvimento, que teÌ?m na empresa seu principal motor. Certamente, o valor e os frutos da cieÌ?ncia naÌ?o se reduzem aÌ? capacidade de gerar aplicaçoÌ?es imediatas com fins econoÌ?micos.
+Para aleÌ?m de seu papel civilizatoÌ?rio, o conhecimento cientiÌ?fico eÌ? imprescindiÌ?vel na construçaÌ?o das sociedades contemporaÌ?neas. A educaçaÌ?o e a atividade cientiÌ?fica auxiliam na construçaÌ?o de um ambiente e uma postura que disseminam eficieÌ?ncia, efetividade e equÌ?idade por todo o sistema social e econoÌ?mico. A melhoria da escolaridade e difusaÌ?o do conhecimento cientiÌ?fico saÌ?o essenciais em qualquer estrateÌ?gia visando a qualidade de vida e trazem consigo ganhos expressivos de produtividade, independentemente ateÌ? de se traduzirem em inovaçoÌ?es.
+Mas, ainda mais importante, um ambiente de intensa produçaÌ?o cientiÌ?fica eÌ? componente de qualquer trajetoÌ?ria exitosa de uma poliÌ?tica de incentivo aÌ? inovaçaÌ?o. Assim, saÌ?o necessaÌ?rias bases soÌ?lidas de produçaÌ?o de conhecimentos para que o PaiÌ?s possa responder de forma adequada aos desafios do futuro e ser capaz de aproveitar as oportunidades criadas com o proÌ?prio processo de desenvolvimento da cieÌ?ncia. NaÌ?o basta, poreÌ?m, promover o desenvolvimento cientiÌ?fico.
+Deve-se reconhecer que eÌ? limitada a capacidade, ateÌ? agora demonstrada no PaiÌ?s, em transformar os avanços do conhecimento em inovaçoÌ?es traduzidas em efetivas conquistas econoÌ?micas e sociais. EÌ? necessaÌ?rio, portanto, difundir esse conhecimento e transformaÌ?-lo em fonte efetiva de desenvolvimento. EÌ? por intermeÌ?dio da inovaçaÌ?o que o avanço do conhecimento se socializa, e se materializa em bens e serviços para as pessoas.
+Neste contexto, a inovaçaÌ?o, aÌ? qual vinha sendo relegado papel menor na conscieÌ?ncia e na realizaçaÌ?o de transformaçoÌ?es nacionais, naÌ?o mais poderaÌ? permanecer como elemento residual, entendido como consequÌ?eÌ?ncia eventual, esporaÌ?dica e supostamente natural do esforço de capacitaçaÌ?o nacional nas aÌ?reas de C&T. EÌ? imperativo reconhecer que a inovaçaÌ?o eÌ? elemento essencial para consolidar a funcionalidade do trinoÌ?mio CieÌ?ncia, Tecnologia e InovaçaÌ?o. EÌ? preciso superar a percepçaÌ?o da inovaçaÌ?o como processo linear, que se inicia na pesquisa baÌ?sica, avança para a pesquisa aplicada e o desenvolvimento experimental, e culmina com a operaçaÌ?o de novos processos e a produçaÌ?o de novos produtos e serviços.
+TambeÌ?m deve-se superar a tentativa de compreender a inovaçaÌ?o como processo simplificado, exclusivamente dependente do que ocorre no interior da empresa. A inovaçaÌ?o eÌ? um fenoÌ?meno complexo, multidimensional, que pressupoÌ?e a presença e articulaçaÌ?o de nuÌ?mero elevado de agentes e instituiçoÌ?es de natureza diversa, com loÌ?gicas e procedimentos distintos; objetivos de curto e de longo prazos diferenciados; potencialidades e restriçoÌ?es especiÌ?ficas e motivaçoÌ?es variadas. Esse reconhecimento eÌ? importante para indicar as dificuldades que se colocam aos atores puÌ?blicos e privados na busca da inovaçaÌ?o e, tambeÌ?m, para compreender a razaÌ?o de persistir um quadro de baixa propensaÌ?o aÌ? inovaçaÌ?o na empresa brasileira.
+O processo de inovaçaÌ?o tem caracteriÌ?sticas sisteÌ?micas e eÌ? condicionado por poliÌ?ticas, por um conjunto de instituiçoÌ?es, puÌ?blicas e privadas, e pela qualidade e intensidade de suas inter-relaçoÌ?es. Dentre elas, sobressaem a poliÌ?tica nacional de CT&I, empresas com suas competeÌ?ncias internas e articulaçoÌ?es externas, organizaçoÌ?es de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, infra-estrutura de C&T, sistema educacional e de treinamento, ambiente macroeconoÌ?mico e marco normativo, em particular os incentivos aÌ? inovaçaÌ?o bem como aÌ? participaçaÌ?o em alianças estrateÌ?gicas no plano internacional. A percepçaÌ?o da inovaçaÌ?o como processo tem, assim, implicaçoÌ?es relevantes para a definiçaÌ?o de poliÌ?ticas e estrateÌ?gias de CT&I.
+Evidencia a necessidade de considerar os elos do sistema, assegurando-lhes condiçoÌ?es para desempenhar suas funçoÌ?es de maneira eficaz e eficiente e para promover sua articulaçaÌ?o. AleÌ?m de fenoÌ?meno econoÌ?mico, a inovaçaÌ?o constitui processo social, profundamente associado aÌ? histoÌ?ria, aÌ? cultura, aÌ? educaçaÌ?o, aÌ?s organizaçoÌ?es institucionais e poliÌ?ticas e aÌ? base econoÌ?mica da sociedade. Mesmo ao se realçar o papel central da empresa como motor da inovaçaÌ?o, naÌ?o se deve omitir que esse processo eÌ? produto de um conjunto de habilidades coletivas muito mais amplas, canalizadas para gerar, absorver e difundir o novo.
+Poder inovar exige mais que saber produzir: demanda conhecimento para projetar novas tecnologias de produtos ou de processos; envolve a realizaçaÌ?o de atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento nas empresas, internamente ou em cooperaçaÌ?o com outros agentes; a importaçaÌ?o e absorçaÌ?o de tecnologias; a formaçaÌ?o de pessoas qualificadas para a inovaçaÌ?o e sua fixaçaÌ?o nas empresas; e, a disponibilidade de infra-estrutura cientiÌ?fica e tecnoloÌ?gica. A experieÌ?ncia de outros paiÌ?ses tem demonstrado que a cooperaçaÌ?o universidade-empresa eÌ? um fenoÌ?meno crescente e constitui forte instrumento de promoçaÌ?o da inovaçaÌ?o tecnoloÌ?gica e do desenvolvimento em geral. EÌ? necessaÌ?rio, portanto, aproximar e intensificar as relaçoÌ?es entre o setor produ- Desafios para a consolidaçaÌ?o de um Sistema Nacional de CT&I tivo nacional, as universidades e os institutos de pesquisa.
+No Brasil, o distanciamento remanescente entre essas fontes de inovaçaÌ?o pode ser atribuiÌ?do, em parte, a um marco legal e institucional inadequado e aÌ? insuficieÌ?ncia de mecanismos apropriados aÌ? promoçaÌ?o de tal integraçaÌ?o. A parceria universidade-empresa naÌ?o estaÌ? dissociada de riscos. HaÌ? diferenças que caracterizam essas instituiçoÌ?es quanto as suas naturezas, culturas e funçoÌ?es especiÌ?ficas na sociedade.
+TransfereÌ?ncia naÌ?o-intencional ou aleatoÌ?ria de tecnologia, desequiliÌ?brio no financiamento aÌ?s aÌ?reas das cieÌ?ncias e das engenharias e a restriçaÌ?o aÌ? disponibilizaçaÌ?o dos resultados das pesquisas saÌ?o algumas das questoÌ?es apontadas como elementos de risco na colaboraçaÌ?o governo, universidade e empresa. Ainda assim, o crescente nuÌ?mero de colaboraçoÌ?es observadas nos diversos paiÌ?ses sugere que os benefiÌ?cios teÌ?m superado os riscos. Qual eÌ? o sentido da vida?
+Ao longo da histoÌ?ria, grandes filoÌ?sofos e pensadores quebraram a cabeça aÌ? procura de uma resposta. Agora, combinando mais uma vez divertidas fotos de animais com um texto afiado, Bradley Trevor Greive daÌ? sua contribuiçaÌ?o inteligente e bem-humorada a um dos maiores debates da humanidade. Com traduçaÌ?o de LuiÌ?s Fernando VeriÌ?ssimo, ´O Sentido da Vida´ eÌ? um excelente presente.
+Afinal, todos noÌ?s gostariÌ?amos de decifrar a verdadeira razaÌ?o de nossa existeÌ?ncia, mas, enquanto naÌ?o conseguimos, o melhor eÌ? dar boas risadas e aproveitar a vida. Mesmo que ela naÌ?o tenha nenhum sentido. Dentro de suas paredes grossas, a posse de um maço de cigarros pode significar a diferença entre permanecer vivo ou morrer.
+Com uma populaçaÌ?o de mais de 7.200 presos e a dez minutos do centro da cidade, a Casa de DetençaÌ?o de SaÌ?o Paulo, ou simplesmente o presiÌ?dio do CarandiruÌ?, constitui um universo singular e quase desconhecido. Seus habitantes obedecem aÌ?s normas de conduta da instituiçaÌ?o e submetem-se, queiram ou naÌ?o, a um riÌ?gido e implacaÌ?vel coÌ?digo penal proÌ?prio. LaÌ?, homens como MaÌ?rio Cachorro, Sem-Chance, Jeremias, seu LuiÌ?s e FiloÌ?sofo passam o dia soltos e saÌ?o trancados nas celas aÌ? noite.
+EstaçaÌ?o CarandiruÌ? eÌ? o relato de dez anos de conviveÌ?ncia do meÌ?dico DraÌ?uzio Varella com os ocupantes da Casa de detençaÌ?o. MeÌ?dico cancerologista, iniciou um trabalho voluntaÌ?rio de prevençaÌ?o aÌ? AIDS no PresiÌ?dio em 1989. ACHANDO-ME, dias atraÌ?s, de regresso da ItaÌ?lia aÌ? Inglaterra, a fim de naÌ?o gastar todo o tempo da viagem em insiÌ?pidas faÌ?bulas, preferi recrear-me, ora volvendo o espiÌ?rito aos nossos comuns estudos, ora recordando os doutiÌ?ssimos e ao mesmo tempo dulciÌ?ssimos amigos que deixara ao partir.
+E foste tu, meu caro More, o primeiro a aparecer aos meus olhos, pois que malgrado tanta distaÌ?ncia, eu via e falava contigo com o mesmo prazer que costumava ter em tua presença e que juro naÌ?o ter experimentado maior em minha vida. NaÌ?o desejando, naquele intervalo, passar por indolente, e naÌ?o me parecendo as circunstaÌ?ncias adequadas aos pensamentos seÌ?rios, julguei conveniente divertir-me com um elogio da Loucura. Porque essa inspiraçaÌ?o? (1) perguntar-me-aÌ?s.
+Pelo seguinte: a princiÌ?pio, dominou-me essa fantasia por causa do teu gentil sobrenome, taÌ?o parecido com a MoÌ?ria (2) quanto realmente estaÌ?s longe dela e, decerto, ainda mais longe do conceito que em geral dela se faz. Em seguida, lisonjeou-me a ideÌ?ia de que essa engenhosa pilheÌ?ria pudesse merecer a tua aprovaçaÌ?o, se eÌ? verdade que divertimentos taÌ?o artificiais, naÌ?o me parecendo plebeus, naturalmente, nem de todo insulsos, te possam deleitar (3), permitindo que, como um novo DemoÌ?crito, observes e ridicularizes os acontecimentos da vida humana. Mas, assim como, pela exceleÌ?ncia do geÌ?nio e de talentos, estaÌ?s acima da maioria dos homens, assim tambeÌ?m, pela rara suavidade do costume e pela singular afabilidade, sabes e gostas, sempre e em toda parte, de habituar-te a todos e a todos parecer amaÌ?vel e grato.
+Por conseguinte, gostaraÌ?s agora, naÌ?o soÌ? de aceitar de bom grado esta minha pequena arenga, como um presente do teu bom amigo, mas tambeÌ?m de colocaÌ?-la sob o teu patrociÌ?nio, como coisa sagrada para ti e, na verdade, mais tua do que minha. JaÌ? prevejo que naÌ?o faltaraÌ?o detratores para insurgir-se contra ela, acusando-a de frivolidade indigna de um teoÌ?logo, de saÌ?tira indecente para a moderaçaÌ?o cristaÌ?, em suma, clamando e cacarejando contra o fato de eu ter ressuscitado a antiga comeÌ?dia (4) e, qual novo Luciano (5), ter magoado a todos sem piedade. Mas, os que se desgostarem com a ligeireza do argumento e com o seu ridiÌ?culo devem ficar avisados de que naÌ?o sou eu o seu autor, pois que com o seu uso se familiarizaram numerosos grandes homens.
+Com efeito, muitos seÌ?culos antes, Homero escreveu a sua Batraquiomaquia, VirgiÌ?lio cantou o mosquito e a amoreira, e OviÌ?dio a nogueira; PoliÌ?crates chegou a fazer o elogio de Busiris, mais tarde impugnado e corrigido por IsoÌ?crates; Glauco enalteceu a injustiça, o filoÌ?sofo Favorino louvou Tersites e a febre quartaÌ?; SineÌ?sio a calviÌ?cie e Luciano a mosca parasita; finalmente, SeÌ?neca ridicularizou a apoteose de ClaÌ?udio, Plutarco escreveu o diaÌ?logo do grilo com Ulisses, Luciano e Apuleio falaram do burro; e um tal Grunnio Corocotta fez o testamento do porco, citado por SaÌ?o JeroÌ?nimo. Saibam, pois, esses censores que tambeÌ?m, para divertir-me, jaÌ? joguei xadrez e montei em cavalo de pau (6), como um menino. EÌ? possiÌ?vel veÌ?-los a qualquer instante, sempre luzidios, de espada na cinta e dispostos aÌ? luta, com um sorriso estuÌ?rdio nos laÌ?bios.
+Engomadinhos, cheirosos, com todos os vincos nas calças e, com frequÌ?eÌ?ncia, tendo aÌ? mostra, um siÌ?mbolo material do seu pretenso poder, como o uÌ?ltimo modelo de celular ou uma caneta de "fechar o comeÌ?rcio". Conhecedores de um quarto de meia verdade, a ostentam como guardioÌ?es das taÌ?buas sagradas; e a aplicam como soluçaÌ?o para todos os problemas de sua aÌ?rea. A maioria deles eÌ? fruto de ageÌ?ncias de emprego sofisticadas, que os treinam para se mostrarem agradaÌ?veis ao primeiro contato.
+Falam difiÌ?cil, com gestos que distraem seus interlocutores e para intimidar alguns contratantes, normalmente homens de cultura nata, mas que perderam o contato com o palavreado barroco. TeÌ?m sempre uma boa anedota no bolso, a qual creÌ?em ser excelente para se mostrar comunicativo. Seu meÌ?todo eÌ? infaliÌ?vel: desde que aceito sem contestaçaÌ?o, que a realidade vigente se adapte a ele e que naÌ?o tenha que vender a sua ideÌ?ia.
+0 melhor eÌ? que a cuÌ?pula da empresa a aceite e a imponha, pois aiÌ? os subalternos naÌ?o a questionaraÌ?o. Fica fulo se um fulano frequentemente formula; enrubesce, esbraveja, espipoca; perde prazo, pede prazo, perambula, pirraceia; pobrezinho! Emproado, empreenderaÌ? emprego em outra empresa "evoluiÌ?da", e espera encontrar encabeçamento empolgante.
+Quando encontra um protetor na Diretoria, que deseja ver aquela teÌ?cnica fluir, aiÌ? se dana o nosso homenzinho, pois no calor da luta veraÌ? derreter sua espada na cinta. Sua farda vermelha vira cor de tijolo e sua face corada se desbota e empalidece: soÌ? aprendeu a teoria, desconhece como implantar. Mil inimigos surgiraÌ?o, para justificar o insucesso.
+AteÌ? o porteiro eÌ? culpado. Conheci um soldadinho desses haÌ? pouco tempo. Tinha um isqueiro de ouro, que como pelotiqueiro, tirava da palma da maÌ?o fechada e o exibia sempre que precisava de um tempo para achar uma resposta.
+Era taÌ?o bonito o isqueiro, que se esquecia ateÌ? qual era a pergunta, e a resposta nem falta fazia. Como naÌ?o parava em emprego algum, entrou em depressaÌ?o e teve que empenhar o isqueiro para sobreviver. Outro mais, apoÌ?s cinco anos sem emprego, selecionando a empresa ideal, passou a exibir tantos cacoetes, que o apelidaram de "ordem unida".
+Um dos mais espertos que vi, chegou para a entrevista de seleçaÌ?o, com diversos dados sobre a empresa, "escamoteados na manga". Citava-os com maestria, deixando a banca impressionada. Era candidato a Gerente de Suprimentos e se dizia com o trunfo certo para a soluçaÌ?o dos suprimentos: "Sistema Kanbam".
+NaÌ?o foi contratado, pois nunca tivera oportunidade de implantar o sistema; brigara com a DireçaÌ?o de treÌ?s empresas onde tentara implantaÌ?-lo e desconhecia que o Kanbam era utilizado nesta Empresa. Um nervosinho trabalhava com um meu amigo e em um momento de intenso questionamento, se desespera e resolve refugiar-se em casa. Ao sair, lembra-se de algo que esquecera, deixa o carro mal estacionado e ao voltar, sendo interpelado pelo segurança, desabotoa a braguilha e urina no peÌ? do guarda toda a sua insegurança.
+Resgatar a histoÌ?ria da evoluçaÌ?o da Terra nesse pequeno pedaço do continente chamado Brasil, e registraÌ?-lo, eÌ? como se pode resumir o trabalho de uma equipe de 30 pessoas, formada por paleontoÌ?logos, cinegrafistas, produtores, motoristas, que começa na proÌ?xima 5ª feira, dia 25. A tarefa duraraÌ? pouco mais de um meÌ?s e foi batizada de "Em busca dos dinossauros", uma expediçaÌ?o cientiÌ?fica por treÌ?s siÌ?tios geoloÌ?gicos nacionais onde haÌ? registro da passagem desses grandes reÌ?pteis, idealizado pelo Departamento de Paleontologia do Museu Nacional do Rio. A parte logiÌ?stica do projeto estaÌ? por conta da Fogo-FaÌ?tuo ExpediçoÌ?es, que tem experieÌ?ncia em viagens de longa distaÌ?ncia, e a filmagem seraÌ? feita pelo Centro de Cultura, InformaçaÌ?o e Meio Ambiente, uma organizaçaÌ?o naÌ?o-governamental ligada aÌ? empresa de produçaÌ?o cinematograÌ?fica Total Filmes.
+O custo deve chegar a R$ 600 mil e seraÌ? dividido entre os parceiros privados do projeto. NaÌ?o eÌ? de hoje que pesquisadores sabem da existeÌ?ncia de marcas de dinossauros no Brasil. O primeiro registro eÌ? da deÌ?cada de 20, feito pelo engenheiro de minas brasileiro, Luciano Jacques de Moraes, quando trabalhava para o Departamento Nacional de Obras contra as Secas.
+Ele encontrou duas pegadas na bacia do rio do Peixe, em Sousa, ParaiÌ?ba, onde hoje haÌ? um parque temaÌ?tico, em cujo museu pode-se ver reconstituiçoÌ?es dos dinossauros que teriam vivido ali. A histoÌ?ria se prolongou, passando pelo paleontoÌ?logo Llewelly Ivor Price e o geoÌ?logo brasileiro DioÌ?genes de Almeida Campos, ateÌ? que entrou para a coleçaÌ?o de pesquisas sobre dinossauros do padre Giuseppe Leonardi. A partir de 79 e durante boa parte da deÌ?cada de 80, Leonardi estudou exaustivamente as pegadas, ateÌ? construir reÌ?plicas dos principais de seus donos.
+A ele se deve grande parte do que se sabe hoje sobre os siÌ?tios geoloÌ?gicos de Sousa. SaÌ?o 22 no total, incluindo as bacias de Sousa e UirauÌ?na-Brejo das Freiras, com mais de 395 indiviÌ?duos dinossaurianos. Podem haver outros siÌ?tios, avalia o paleontoÌ?logo Ismar de Souza Carvalho, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
+Atualmente, Leonardi se encontra na AustraÌ?lia atraÌ?s de outras pegadas, que se supoÌ?em de dinossauros. A expediçaÌ?o passaraÌ? por Sousa, para o registro cinematograÌ?fico das pegadas, mas os paleontoÌ?logos aproveitam a visita para buscar outros registros. O coordenador da viagem, o paleontoÌ?logo SeÌ?rgio Alex de Azevedo, explica que a regiaÌ?o eÌ? a melhor do paiÌ?s para observar esse tipo de foÌ?ssil, chamado pelos pesquisadores de icnofoÌ?sseis, que saÌ?o pegadas e pistas.
+O primeiro siÌ?tio a ser visitado seraÌ? a Chapada do Araripe, em Santana do Cariri, proÌ?ximo aos municiÌ?pios de Crato e Juazeiro do Norte. Essa formaçaÌ?o fossiliÌ?fera inclui trechos do CearaÌ?, PiauiÌ? e Pernambuco, mas a maioria dos foÌ?sseis descritos eÌ? do CearaÌ?. HaÌ? registro de foÌ?sseis de vegetais, animais invertebrados, peixes, anfiÌ?bios, lagartos, crocodilos, queloÌ?nios, aleÌ?m de dinossauros e pterossauros, que saÌ?o outra famiÌ?lia de grandes reÌ?pteis. HaÌ? uma informaçaÌ?o curiosa sobre Santana do Cariri que, ao chegar no meio cientiÌ?fico, intrigou os pesquisadores.
+AteÌ? os anos 60, acreditava-se que as rochas ali encontradas datavam do periÌ?odo devoniano da era paleozoÌ?ica, com cerca de 350 milhoÌ?es de anos. Com as pesquisas desenvolvidas desde entaÌ?o e a descoberta de foÌ?sseis, como os conchostraÌ?ceos, descobriu-se que a FormaçaÌ?o de Santana eÌ? do CretaÌ?ceo, muito mais jovem, com cerca de 110 milhoÌ?es de anos. O CretaÌ?ceo eÌ? o uÌ?ltimo periÌ?odo da era MesozoÌ?ica, quando viveram dinossauros e pterossauros.
+Foi nesse periÌ?odo que os dinossauros se extinguiram. Pteurossauros eram grandes reÌ?pteis voadores, de outra famiÌ?lia, quase confundidos com dinossauros. E ConchostraÌ?ceos foram crustaÌ?ceos que possuiÌ?am duas conchas e surgiram durante o cretaÌ?ceo.
+O uÌ?ltimo siÌ?tio a ser visitado pelos aventureiros-cientistas estaÌ? no MaranhaÌ?o. EÌ? a Laje do Coringa, na Ilha do Cajual, proÌ?xima aÌ? cidade de AlcaÌ?ntara. De acordo com Marcos Didonet, diretor do Cima, a histoÌ?rica cidade de AlcaÌ?ntara seraÌ? objeto das filmagens.
+"Vamos retratar durante toda a viagem os anoÌ?nimos que fazem o Brasil, suas histoÌ?rias, costumes e sua cultura", conta. Assim, as beliÌ?ssimas paisagens que desabrocharem diante das caÌ?maras seraÌ?o tambeÌ?m registradas. Em AlcaÌ?ntara, a equipe teraÌ? o apoio da AeronaÌ?utica, que administra o centro brasileiro de lançamento de foguetes.
+O pessoal do Cima pretende filmar ainda os ninhais de paÌ?ssaros GuaraÌ?, que ficam nas Ilhas Maranhenses e um ex-quilombo, da comunidade de Santana do Cariri. Didonet afirma que recebeu algumas propostas de TVs abertas e fechadas para transmitir o documentaÌ?rio de 50 minutos que retrataraÌ? a expediçaÌ?o dos paleontoÌ?logos. Ele, no entanto, naÌ?o revela quem o procurou.
+"Como naÌ?o fechamos com ningueÌ?m, naÌ?o posso adiantar quem saÌ?o os interessados", justifica. HaÌ? pelo menos seis meses, sua equipe realiza outras viagens, mais curtas, para contatar pessoas que trabalham nas localidades a serem visitadas. Dessa fase preÌ?-expediçaÌ?o, saiu uma fita de demonstraçaÌ?o de cinco minutos do documentaÌ?rio educativo e outra resumindo a viagem em si, com duraçaÌ?o de dez minutos.
+O Cima atua haÌ? 14 anos em projetos de educaçaÌ?o ambiental e a Total Filmes jaÌ? participou de produçoÌ?es como o registro do Festival de Cinema do Rio e na parceria com empresas cinematograÌ?ficas estrangeiras, como as norte-americanas Columbia Pictures e Fox. AleÌ?m do material em viÌ?deo, o grupo produziraÌ? cinco livros infantis, onde o dinossauro seraÌ? o protagonista, mostrado em situaçoÌ?es que simulam como era sua vida, seus haÌ?bitos e sua relaçaÌ?o com o meio ambiente. Para SeÌ?rgio Alex de Azevedo, que coordenaraÌ? os trabalhos cientiÌ?ficos, o documentaÌ?rio eÌ? uma forma de ampliar as informaçoÌ?es ao puÌ?blico sobre o estaÌ?gio atual da paleontologia brasileira, e disseminar esses estudos nas salas de aula, seja de ensino fundamental ou meÌ?dio.
+"EÌ? preciso levar ao conhecimento do puÌ?blico o fato da existeÌ?ncia dos dinossauros no Brasil e, como haÌ? um interesse natural para o tema, pode haver tambeÌ?m uma influeÌ?ncia na fixaçaÌ?o do conhecimento na aÌ?rea de cieÌ?ncias, tendo como condutores os dinossauros", observa o paleontoÌ?logo. As descobertas mais surpreendentes de ossadas de dinossauros, desde que o termo foi usado pela primeira vez no seÌ?culo XIX, certamente foram registradas nos uÌ?ltimos anos, no Brasil e na Argentina. Foi no Rio Grande do Sul, por exemplo, que pesquisadores ingleses encontraram parte dos ossos de um dos dinossauros mais primitivos do mundo, o Staurikosaurus pricei.
+Foi a primeira vez que se nomeou um dinossauro brasileiro. Hoje, saÌ?o oito espeÌ?cies formalmente descritas. Isso foi nos anos 60, mas desde a deÌ?cada de 50 pesquisadores alemaÌ?es estudavam a possibilidade do Brasil ter em suas rochas sedimentares restos de ossos de dinossauros, termo comum que designa a famiÌ?lia dinossauria, descrita pela primeira vez em 1842, pelo paleontoÌ?logo ingleÌ?s Richard Owen.
+O termo dinossauro, empregado largamente para outras famiÌ?lias de grandes reÌ?pteis como os pterossauros, significa "lagartos terriÌ?veis" em grego e nomeou um grupo especial de animais ateÌ? entaÌ?o desconhecidos. Depois, na deÌ?cada de 70, dois geoÌ?logos brasileiros encontraram ossadas do Antarctosaurus brasiliensis, em SaÌ?o Paulo. HaÌ? uma quebra nas descobertas de ossadas, ou talvez, na descriçoÌ?es dos animais, retomadas a partir dos anos 90.
+Foi quando paleontoÌ?logos encontraram os espinossauriÌ?deos Irritator e Angaturama, no CearaÌ?, e o Gondwanatitan faustoi, tambeÌ?m em SaÌ?o Paulo. Ainda do CearaÌ?, haÌ? um dinossauro teroÌ?pode, considerado um parente distante do Tiranosaurus rex. EÌ? o Santanaraptor placidus, um animal biÌ?pede, carniÌ?voro e extremamente raÌ?pido na locomoçaÌ?o.
+Uma reconstituiçaÌ?o desse dinossauro estaÌ? exposta no Museu de CieÌ?ncias da Terra, do Departamento Nacional de ProduçaÌ?o Mineral, no Rio de Janeiro. Pela sequeÌ?ncia de descobertas, vem o Staurikosaurus e o Santanaraptor. Para o paleontoÌ?logo DioÌ?genes de Almeida Campos, do DNPM, as descobertas feitas no Brasil, bem como as na Argentina, ajudam a entender como era a fauna no hemisfeÌ?rio Sul, em eras geoloÌ?gicas.
+"Passamos a dispor de dados diferentes daqueles apresentados por pesquisadores do hemisfeÌ?rio Norte, trazendo assim um novo quadro para a pesquisa geoloÌ?gica", avalia. Em 1970, ele começou a fazer prospecçoÌ?es em Santana do Cariri, a serviço do DNPM, com o objetivo de reunir o material coletado em museu e, assim, preservar os foÌ?sseis e o local onde eles afloravam. "EÌ? iroÌ?nico porque se naÌ?o escavar naÌ?o acha o foÌ?ssil, mas o lugar vai ficando um pouco desfigurado com as escavaçoÌ?es", observa.
+VestiÌ?gios de seres foram encontrados por ele, ateÌ? que em 85 Campos descreveu o que chama de um tipo de primo do peixe, o pterossauro Anhanguera. Algumas peças desse animal estaÌ?o expostas no Museu de Paleontologia da Universidade Regional do Cariri, que tem um acervo de mais de 750 peças de foÌ?sseis coletados na regiaÌ?o. Depois, com seu aluno de doutorado Alex Kellner, ele descreveu outros dois pterossauros, o Tapejara e o Tupuxuara.
+HaÌ? treÌ?s anos, foi descrito o Tapejara imperator animal de porte meÌ?dio que tinha uma enorme crista, maior ateÌ? que ele mesmo. "EÌ? preciso aprofundar os estudos, naÌ?o se sabe, por exemplo, para que servia esse adereço, se para seduzir a feÌ?mea ou para outro fim", explica. Foi tambeÌ?m DioÌ?genes Campos quem encontrou o Angaturama, especificamente a parte anterior do craÌ?nio e dentes.
+Um detalhe que se abstraiu dessa descoberta foi a dieta desse espinossauriÌ?deo, que devia comer somente peixe e, por isso, devia viver perto de um lago salgado e raso. Angaturama quer dizer, na linguagem indiÌ?gena, companheiro de viagem. Outro indiviÌ?duo de um grupo raro entre os dinossauros, encontrado por ele, foi o Baryonyx que significa unha pesada.
+Essa famiÌ?lia tambeÌ?m comia peixes e eÌ? rara porque naÌ?o tem os dentes serrilhados, como eÌ? comum nos dinossauros. Para Campos, eÌ? preciso buscar mais e mais foÌ?sseis de dinossauros no Brasil e estudaÌ?-los. "Cada descoberta, traz mais luz sobre a histoÌ?ria da evoluçaÌ?o da vida", justifica.
+Hoje, junto com outros paleontoÌ?logos, ele descreve um dinossauro encontrado haÌ? 30 anos por Price, em Mato Grosso, na Chapada dos GuimaraÌ?es. O animal naÌ?o fora descrito ainda por falta de dados suficientes, mas com achados recentes na Argentina, os pesquisadores brasileiros obtiveram elementos para a tarefa. Campos acredita ter a descriçaÌ?o pronta ainda este ano.
+Ele considera o Brasil um lugar extremamente rico para a pesquisa paleontoloÌ?gica, especificamente, sobre os grandes reÌ?pteis, porque soÌ? aqui foi encontrado tecido mole dos dinossauros. "Isso permitiraÌ? a anaÌ?lise dos tecidos, para entendermos a anatomia mole do animal, descrever os vasos sanguÌ?iÌ?neos, saber como era sua temperatura corporal", completa. (Lana Cristina/Foto: DivulgaçaÌ?o) O foÌ?ssil eÌ? a uÌ?nica forma de se comprovar a existeÌ?ncia de algum animal em outras eras jaÌ? que, por definiçaÌ?o, eÌ? o resto ou vestiÌ?gio de seres orgaÌ?nicos que deixaram suas impressoÌ?es nas rochas da crosta terrestre.
+Assim, em locais onde haÌ? rochas sedimentares com a mesma idade dos dinossauros eÌ? possiÌ?vel encontrar foÌ?sseis desses reÌ?pteis. Para auxiliar o posicionamento temporal das rochas e foÌ?sseis, pode ser feita uma dataçaÌ?o baseada na anaÌ?lise do poÌ?len ou de esporos(estruturas reprodutivas de fungos) fossilizados. O Brasil, por apresentar grandes bacias sedimentares, eÌ? considerado um paiÌ?s de razoaÌ?vel patrimoÌ?nio foÌ?ssil.
+HaÌ? siÌ?tios paleontoloÌ?gicos de norte a sul, alguns descobertos haÌ? quase cem anos e outros mais recentes. O paleontoÌ?go Ismar de Souza Carvalho, do Departamento de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro descobriu, entre os anos de 91 e 92 nas praias ao norte da ilha de SaÌ?o LuiÌ?s e na Praia da Baronesa, perto de AlcaÌ?ntara, MaranhaÌ?o, pegadas de dinossauros. EÌ? tambeÌ?m no MaranhaÌ?o que se localiza a maior ocorreÌ?ncia aflorante de foÌ?sseis de dinossauros no Brasil, a "Laje do Coringa", que fica na costa oeste da Ilha do Cajual, na baiÌ?a de SaÌ?o Marcos, perto de SaÌ?o LuiÌ?s.
+Ela foi descoberta em 1994 pelo geoÌ?logo Francisco JoseÌ? CorreÌ?a Martins, da UFRJ e MinisteÌ?rio do ExeÌ?rcito, atraveÌ?s da anaÌ?lise de imagens de sateÌ?lite e fotografias aeÌ?reas. O trabalho de CorreÌ?a Martins resultou em um mapa geoloÌ?gico detalhado da regiaÌ?o, que vem sendo utilizado por outros pesquisadores. No Acre, haÌ? registro de foÌ?sseis de um crocodilo gigante.
+Em SaÌ?o Paulo, haÌ? vaÌ?rias localidades como Monte Alto, MariÌ?lia, Presidente Prudente e AÌ?lvares Machado. SaÌ?o siÌ?tios registrados na bacia do ParanaÌ?. Bem perto desses municiÌ?pios, estaÌ? o siÌ?tio de PeiroÌ?polis, cidade a 25 Km de Uberaba, no TriaÌ?ngulo Mineiro. LaÌ?, haÌ? um museu temaÌ?tico exclusivo de dinossauros, cuja atividade agrega o trabalho de quase 300 moradores.
+A histoÌ?ria da cidade eÌ? taÌ?o interessante quanto o proÌ?prio museu. HaÌ? mais de 20 anos, a atividade econoÌ?mica que imperava era a exploraçaÌ?o de calcaÌ?reo. As pedreiras traziam grande prejuiÌ?zo ambiental, como a poluiçaÌ?o da aÌ?gua e a densa quantidade de poeira em suspensaÌ?o.
+A populaçaÌ?o tentou, por vaÌ?rias vezes, sem sucesso, a paralisaçaÌ?o da pedreira. Eles se juntaram, unidos numa associaçaÌ?o de moradores, a uma organizaçaÌ?o naÌ?o-governamental ambiental e propuseram aÌ? prefeitura que se fosse encontrado um foÌ?ssil (jaÌ? se tinha notiÌ?cia da descoberta de ossadas), a pedreira encerraria suas atividades. Foi preciso, no entanto, que um juiz, no iniÌ?cio da deÌ?cada de 80, embargasse a atividade.
+A prefeitura investiu na construçaÌ?o do museu e no treinamento de funcionaÌ?rios. A atividade cresceu de tal forma que estaÌ? ligada aÌ? cooperativas de doces e guloseimas, envolvendo 300 empregos diretos e indiretos. "O retorno financeiro da visitaçaÌ?o eÌ? maior", registra Ismar de Souza Carvalho.
+EÌ? de PeiroÌ?polis a uÌ?nica ocorreÌ?ncia de ovos de dinossauros fossilizados, de teroÌ?podes. O paleontoÌ?logo lista ainda Monte Alto, em SaÌ?o Paulo, cidade de 10 mil habitantes que tambeÌ?m tem um museu temaÌ?tico. "O museu tem uma visitaçaÌ?o de duas mil pessoas por meÌ?s e um trabalho educativo muito interessante".
+Especialista em CretaÌ?ceo, Ismar Carvalho considera os depoÌ?sitos fossiliÌ?feros de Crato, no CearaÌ?, extremamente ricos em foÌ?sseis desse periÌ?odo. "Os melhores afloramentos do cretaÌ?ceo provavelmente estejam no Cariri", postula. HaÌ? em Santana do Cariri um dos mais modernos museus de foÌ?sseis, segundo sua avaliaçaÌ?o.
+SaÌ?o 750 peças de foÌ?sseis de dinossauros, pterossauros, insetos, flores, plantas e aranhas. Outro siÌ?tio destacado pelo pesquisador eÌ? o de Mata, no Rio Grande do Sul, municiÌ?pio proÌ?ximo a Santa Maria. Ali, estaÌ? um dos maiores depoÌ?sitos de floresta petrificada, que durante uma eÌ?poca esteve comprometido devido aÌ? atividade intensa de mineradoras na regiaÌ?o.
+No local, um padre, hoje com quase 90 anos de idade, o italiano Daniel Cargnin, foi o responsaÌ?vel pela preservaçaÌ?o dos foÌ?sseis. "Ele brigou com todo mundo ateÌ? que as mineradoras foram saindo e ainda conseguiu que se preservasse uma grande aÌ?rea", conta Ismar. HaÌ? bons depoÌ?sitos de coproÌ?litos, que saÌ?o fezes foÌ?sseis, em Uberaba, Monte Alto e MariÌ?lia.
+Esse material eÌ? uma boa fonte de pesquisa sobre os haÌ?bitos alimentares dos animais a que pertenceram e, consequÌ?entemente, daÌ?o pistas sobre a cadeia alimentar (ou seja, que organismo servia de alimento para outro). Ainda no Nordeste, Ismar destaca o imenso siÌ?tio paleontoloÌ?gico, que engloba as bacias de Sousa, UirauÌ?na, Brejo-da-Freira, Pombal, e Cedro e Araripe. EÌ? a maior ocorreÌ?ncia de pegadas de dinossauros, com milhares de pegadas jaÌ? mapeadas, embora nem todas descritas.
+Em Sousa, foi fundado em julho de 1998 o Parque Vale dos Dinossauros que, desde entaÌ?o, jaÌ? recebeu 45 mil pessoas, segundo seu coordenador, Robson de ArauÌ?jo Marques. HaÌ? um museu no parque, com material educativo e algumas reÌ?plicas de dinossauros. O puÌ?blico visita as pegadas em passarelas suspensas, construiÌ?das para que ningueÌ?m pise na aÌ?rea fossilizada.
+"Recebemos visitas ateÌ? de estrangeiros", conta Robson de ArauÌ?jo. Segundo DioÌ?genes de Almeida Campos, que preside a comissaÌ?o, ainda este ano seraÌ? publicado um livro com 70 siÌ?tios. A obra traraÌ? fotos, meÌ?todos usados para preservaçaÌ?o, descriçaÌ?o suscinta do siÌ?tio e o que representa na histoÌ?ria da evoluçaÌ?o da Terra, aleÌ?m de quais criteÌ?rios saÌ?o adotados para que seja caracterizado como siÌ?tio geoloÌ?gico.
+O objetivo, com o livro, eÌ? chamar atençaÌ?o das autoridades para a importaÌ?ncia da preservaçaÌ?o dos siÌ?tios. "ConservaÌ?-los eÌ? fundamental devido ao interesse cientiÌ?fico e ateÌ? mesmo turiÌ?stico. Afinal, muitos se tornam ponto de visitaçaÌ?o e eÌ? preciso que as pessoas saibam fazer o turismo cientiÌ?fico com cuidado", observa DioÌ?genes Campos.
+AteÌ? hoje, o tiÌ?tulo de PatrimoÌ?nio Mundial soÌ? foi dado ao Pantanal, enquanto ecossistema de aÌ?reas inundadas e as Cataratas do Iguaçu, devido seu valor ambiental. Veja o quanto aprendemos com o tempo, poreÌ?m, quando acharmos que sabemos alguma coisa, veremos quanto ainda somos ignorantes. Apresentamos quinze sugestoÌ?es, as quais tambeÌ?m intitulamos de: quinze mandamentos, para que voceÌ? possa se organizar e ter clarivideÌ?ncia da sua vida profissional.
+NaÌ?o se preocupe, VoceÌ? vive na eternidade! Neste introÌ?ito aos quinze mandamentos, continuamos desejando ao amigo leitor a grande daÌ?diva natural, o sucesso. A grande maioria reitera que, Deus eÌ? o Senhor Absoluto e Criador de todas as coisas.
+Ratifica-se tambeÌ?m que, somos seus amados filhos. Esse nababo Senhor de tudo, eÌ? redundantemente Rico. Sendo assim, seus filhos tambeÌ?m saÌ?o ricos!
+Portanto, somos o que somos pelo nosso livre-arbiÌ?trio! Caro amigo... queremos apenas cooperar com a sua felicidade no mundo de sucesso! Perdoe-nos, deixamos de incluir VOCEÌ? nessa relaçaÌ?o, pois, sem VOCEÌ? naÌ?o existiriam essas maravilhas.
+Elas estaÌ?o impregnadas no seu aÌ?mago, estaÌ?o latentes no seu ceÌ?rebro, coraçaÌ?o e alma. PoreÌ?m, estamos falando apenas de maravilhas, VOCEÌ?, naturalmente sobrepuja os paraÌ?metros dessas maravilhas. Ao ler e praticar essas maravilhas, teraÌ? todos atributos ao sucesso!
+Essas maravilhas afloradas em sua mente o conduziraÌ?o ao sucesso atraveÌ?s dos seus desejos de esforço e trabalho. AteÌ? para voceÌ? nascer... teve de trabalhar contra seus concorrentes, uma porçaÌ?o quase incontaÌ?vel de espermatozoÌ?ides, todavia, naÌ?o se deixou abater pelo desaÌ?nimo, lutando ateÌ? conseguir a vitoÌ?ria pela vida.
+Desculpe-nos o repise deste assunto, mas, eÌ? muito importante que voceÌ? se insira neste contexto. Agora encontra-se na vida e, tem de lutar, mesmo porque, luta eÌ? sinoÌ?nimo de satisfaçaÌ?o. E o que faria com o oÌ?cio?
+SeraÌ? feliz ao concluir trabalhos, usando a sua inteligeÌ?ncia. Sentir-se-aÌ? satisfeito! Bem, doravante naÌ?o capitularaÌ?, naÌ?o se vexaraÌ?, naÌ?o teraÌ? vergonha em procurar o trabalho, pois, tudo o que se traduz nesta palavra, jamais poderaÌ? ser vergonhoso, naÌ?o imploraraÌ?, apenas cumpriraÌ? o que veio fazer nesta vida.
+Estamos usando sobremaneira a palavra naÌ?o, mas, tentaremos usar as treÌ?s letras poderosas e maÌ?gicas: "SIM"! Conscientize-se de que trabalho eÌ?, honestidade! Trabalho tambeÌ?m eÌ? sinoÌ?nimo de prazer e alegria.
+Portanto, faça do seu trabalho o seu prazer! Acione sua mente, conduzindo-a ao aÌ?pice da alegria e, veraÌ? estar no caminho certo! Contraditoriamente, diz-se que, "a riqueza eÌ? a raiz de todos os males", poreÌ?m, se Deus eÌ? rico, sendo o Senhor de todas as coisas, entaÌ?o...
+se somos seus filhos, dentro da coereÌ?ncia loÌ?gica, somos tambeÌ?m ricos atraveÌ?s do trabalho. JaÌ? que temos conhecimento de que Ele tambeÌ?m trabalhou e trabalha. AçaÌ?o amigo leitor, esse eÌ? o seu lema daqui para frente!
+AçaÌ?o! "Querer eÌ? poder"! Nesta açaÌ?o a qual noÌ?s nos referimos, existe somente o positivismo. VoceÌ? eÌ? um ser humano, portanto, eÌ? possuidor da gloriosa daÌ?diva da natureza divina, a FeÌ?! Essa FeÌ? que estaÌ? incubada em VOCEÌ?, faraÌ? muitos milagres no mundo dos negoÌ?cios, contanto, que voceÌ? veja o seu trabalho como um negoÌ?cio a ser realizado!
+E seraÌ?! VoceÌ? diraÌ?: - Sou um humilde trabalhador braçal! - E daiÌ?, que importaÌ?ncia tem, se voceÌ? eÌ? um serviçal? - Seja o melhor! EscreveriÌ?amos enciclopeÌ?dias sobre seres humanos iguais a voceÌ?, que saiÌ?ram de cargos "humildes" para galgarem insignes postos dentro de empresas e repartiçoÌ?es puÌ?blicas. Portanto, temos a plena certeza de que voceÌ? creÌ? em suas forças, pois, estaÌ? capacitado a galgar os degraus do sucesso.
+Os grandes inventores possuiÌ?am muita força de vontade e convicçaÌ?o em suas capacidades criativas, sendo muitas vezes criticados pelas ideÌ?ias que expunham, mas, nunca recuaram de seus vitoriosos propoÌ?sitos, foram contumazes, pertinazes e, das suas açoÌ?es surgiram maÌ?quinas que facilitam grandiosamente nossas vidas. VoceÌ? eÌ? criativo, pois, eÌ? somente colocar em açaÌ?o a sua mente. VoceÌ? eÌ? filho de Deus!
+Deus criou tudo! Portanto, açaÌ?o! Por muito "simples" que seja o seu trabalho, nele voceÌ? criaraÌ?, nasceu para criar. AteÌ? os animais criam, suas moleÌ?culas criam situaçoÌ?es para sobreviverem.
+VoceÌ? eÌ? conhecedor de partiÌ?culas chamadas anticorpos, estas saÌ?o criaturas divinas que existem para criar, saÌ?o exeÌ?rcitos inteligentes que lutam contra as doenças que se apresentam para depauperar nossos corpos. Ora, ora... voceÌ? estaÌ? acima das moneras que saÌ?o indubitavelmente inteligentes. VoceÌ? eÌ? inteligeÌ?ncia pura, açaÌ?o ! Vislumbre uma situaçaÌ?o energeÌ?tica, seu pensamento eÌ? grande criador de energias.
+Tudo nesta vida move-se pela energia. As maÌ?quinas movimentam-se impregnadas de combustiÌ?veis naturais transformados. Numa hidroeleÌ?trica o mais puro combustiÌ?vel, a aÌ?gua, movimenta potentes turbinas, que geram energia eleÌ?trica que, movimenta ateÌ? troÌ?lebus que, percorrem grandes percursos atraveÌ?s da açaÌ?o da natureza.
+VoceÌ? eÌ? a proÌ?pria natureza! VoceÌ? estaÌ? cheio de açaÌ?o. Coloque essa usina para funcionar!
+A sua cabeça estaÌ? repleta de ideÌ?ias maravilhosas, coloque-as em praÌ?tica! "Tudo eÌ? possiÌ?vel aÌ?quele que creÌ?"! Jesus ao curar os enfermos sempre foi contundente nos seus pronunciamentos, enfatizava sempre, dizendo: -"Vai em paz, a tua FeÌ? te salvou"! NaÌ?o curava, mas, tambeÌ?m era enfaÌ?tico, mostrando ao seu paciente que, Ele nada fizera, e sim, a FeÌ?-AçaÌ?o do paciente que promovera a cura.
+Em outra oportunidade disse a outro enfermo: - "Toma tua cama e anda"! Veja que, o ato de tomar a cama e andar exemplifica bem que, a açaÌ?o movimenta o homem. TambeÌ?m falou:" Sois deuses e fareis milagres maiores dos que tenho feito"!
+VoceÌ? quer concisaÌ?o maior que esta: - VoceÌ? eÌ? deus! Portanto a voceÌ?, tudo eÌ? possiÌ?vel. Acione a sua FeÌ?! Aja com honestidade e esteja cristalino, mas, aja!
+A sua idade naÌ?o importa, voceÌ? vive na eternidade! VoceÌ? tem de prestar ajuda aos seus entes queridos, ou ao seu proÌ?ximo para que sinta a alegria de viver, atraveÌ?s da açaÌ?o que lhe proveraÌ? o sucesso. NaÌ?o passaraÌ? simplesmente pela vida, viveraÌ? intensamente!
+VoceÌ? tem projetos, logo mais falaremos sobre eles, mas, admoestamos que, sem a açaÌ?o eles de nada lhe valeraÌ?o. Na pior de todas as hipoÌ?teses, mais vale a tentativa da açaÌ?o, do que a maÌ?cula perversa da ociosidade. Ao miÌ?nimo no seu pseudo fracasso, teraÌ? aprendido muito para aplicar em novas açoÌ?es.
+Quantos falidos tiveram seus bens recuperados, porque naÌ?o se acovardaram diante das vicissitudes apresentadas em seus caminhos, muito pelo contraÌ?rio, acionaram suas FeÌ?s para novos empreendimentos. Cada dia da sua vida eÌ? recomeço, vamos mais fundo, aÌ? cada segundo recomeça-se nova açaÌ?o, aÌ? cada respiraçaÌ?o voceÌ? conscientiza-se de nova açaÌ?o. AçaÌ?o eÌ? vida! VoceÌ? jaÌ? viu um morto movimentar-se?
+Que temporal! - E um friozinho! Conhecem voceÌ?s nada mais gostoso do que ouvir-se o barulho da chuva quando se estaÌ? agasalhado? Eu estou me regalando...
+- Sempre o mesmo egoiÌ?sta! Como estaÌ?s em tua casa... mas... desalmado, lembra-te de noÌ?s!
+SaÌ?o quase horas de me ir recolhendo aos meus penates. E ali o padre AssunçaÌ?o, caso naÌ?o fique pelo caminho, teraÌ? tambeÌ?m que marchar um bom pedaço a peÌ?. Ao Teles, esse o bonde leva-o ateÌ? o quarto de dormir! Nasceu empelicado.
+Por essa feia noite de chuva, conversavam em casa do advogado Argemiro ClaÌ?udio, no Cosme Velho, o seu grande amigo padre AssunçaÌ?o, o deputado Armindo Teles e o Adolfo Caldas, homem de quarenta anos, sem profissaÌ?o determinada, mas muito bem aceito nas rodas poliÌ?ticas e literaÌ?rias, que frequÌ?entava assiduamente. Tinham jantado tarde, fumavam agora na biblioteca de Argemiro, sentados aÌ? mesa do poÌ?quer. Menos por virtude que por cansaço, padre AssunçaÌ?o naÌ?o quisera tomar parte no jogo e andava pela sala sacudindo o pano da batina a cada impulso das suas largas passadas.
+Era alto, magro, anguloso, de uma cor paÌ?lida; e nas suas feiçoÌ?es acentuadas, em que melhor condiria o sarcasmo, havia uma tal expressaÌ?o de candura, que Adolfo Caldas costumava dizer: - O riso do AssunçaÌ?o cheira a rosas brancas. O dr. Argemiro, advogado, conforme rezavam os diaÌ?rios do Rio - dos mais distintos do nosso foro - jogava por jogar, sem vivo interesse, soÌ? para pretexto de chamar os amigos aÌ? sua casa de viuÌ?vo e de lhe dar uma palpitaçaÌ?o de alma que lhe ia faltando... "Ah! uma casa sem mulher, afirmava ele, eÌ? um tuÌ?mulo com janelas: toda a vida estaÌ? laÌ? fora..."
+E lembrar-se que aquilo havia de ser para sempre! O dr. Argemiro ClaÌ?udio de Menezes, descendente direto dos IgleÌ?sias de Menezes, nobres de Portugal, cujo solar brasonado existe ainda, bem que arruinado, naquele paiÌ?s, em terras limiÌ?trofes da Espanha, aÌ? beira de um rio espelhento e de pinheirais perdidos, - era um homem ainda moço, robusto, de carnes soÌ?lidas e uns olhos negros, em que talvez a raça aÌ?rabe transparecesse ainda, adoçada pelo cruzamento com a lusitana. A barba preta talhada rente ao rosto paÌ?lido, tinha jaÌ? um ou outro fio prateado, e o cabelo muito curto desenhava-lhe a cabeça redonda e forte.
+Tinha as maÌ?os pequenas, a atitude preguiçosa, em contradiçaÌ?o aÌ? energia do tipo. ViuÌ?vo haÌ? sete anos de uma formosa senhora, cujo retrato aparecia em todos os cantos da casa, ele protestara naÌ?o tornar a casar-se. A mulher, filha dos BaroÌ?es do Cerro Alegre, levara-lhe a melhor porçaÌ?o da sua vida.
+De publicaçaÌ?o poÌ?stuma, esse livro eÌ? uma seÌ?rie de narrativas fantaÌ?sticas, contadas por um grupo de amigos aÌ? roda de uma mesa de taverna. Mais do que pelos elementos romanescos e sataÌ?nicos que a condimentam (violentaçaÌ?o, corrupçaÌ?o, incesto, adulteÌ?rio, necrofilia, traiçaÌ?o, antropofagia, assassinatos por vingança ou amor), a obra impoÌ?e-se pela estrutura: um narrador em terceira pessoa introduz o cenaÌ?rio, as personagens, a situaçaÌ?o, e praticamente desaparece, dando lugar a outros narradores - as proÌ?prias personagens, que em primeira pessoa contam, uma a uma, episoÌ?dios de suas vidas aventureiras. Na uÌ?ltima narrativa, a presença fiÌ?sica (na roda dos moços) de personagens mencionadas em uma narrativa anterior faz com que todo o ambiente fantaÌ?stico e irreal dos contos se legitime como veriÌ?dico.
+Noite na Taverna, escrita em tom bastante emotivo, antecipa em vaÌ?rios aspectos a narraçaÌ?o da prosa moderna: a liberdade ceÌ?nica, a dupla narraçaÌ?o e suas conflueÌ?ncias, a mistura do real ao fantaÌ?stico conferem atualidade aÌ? obra, apesar de toda a atmosfera byroniana. - Ora, sempre vamos ao Rio de Janeiro, ao grande e espetaculoso Rio de Janeiro! - exclamou Evaristo, pousando o chapeÌ?u, com ar de triunfo. - EÌ? como laÌ? diz o outro: - quem espera...
+Eu nunca me enganei com o LuiÌ?s... nunca! SaiÌ?am-lhe em jorro as palavras, num tom quente de vitoÌ?ria, de aclamaçaÌ?o, de regozijo. Adelaide naÌ?o o compreendeu logo, e, sem o compreender, exultava diante da intempestiva alegria do marido, com os olhos nele, ansiosa.
+- Que eÌ?, homem de Deus, que foi... Que misteÌ?rio! - Nada, filha, nada; estamos aqui, estamos no Rio de Janeiro - ouviste? - no grandioso Rio de Janeiro! Ela sorriu com um muxoxo: - Brincadeira! - Brincadeira?
+Telegrama do LuiÌ?s Furtado. Um emprego no Banco Industrial... - Que eÌ? do telegrama? - perguntou Adelaide, arredando o cabelo dos olhos e com o mesmo sorriso de incredulidade.
+- CaÌ? estaÌ?, no bolsinho; recebi quando menos esperava. E, desdobrando o papel: - 'Emprego Banco Industrial garantido. Venha. - LuiÌ?s."
+Foram entrando ambos para a sala de jantar - Evaristo um pouco apressado. - Tu naÌ?o imaginas - ia ele dizendo, sem se voltar para a mulher -, tu naÌ?o imaginas como estou alegre! No Rio de Janeiro a coisa eÌ? outra!
+Um homem adquire relaçoÌ?es, ganha fama e, quando pensa, tem sua economiazinha... Quem vai ao Rio, ipso facto, vai aÌ? Europa. Ora, digam laÌ? para que me tem servido a carta de bacharel?
+Para nada, para coisiÌ?ssima alguma! Bacharel em proviÌ?ncia eÌ? objeto de luxo e eu estou farto de miseÌ?rias! Adelaide, meio triste, perguntou-lhe se queria jantar.
+- Por que naÌ?o? Imediatamente. Hoje eÌ??... - Terça. - Domingo haÌ? vapor e eu tenho muito que fazer.
+Hoje mesmo, acabando daqui, vou telegrafar ao LuiÌ?s. Manda botar a sopa. - Jesus, que sofreguidaÌ?o, Evaristo!
+Ao menos tira o paletoÌ?. - Qual paletoÌ?! ~ daqui para o TeleÌ?grafo e amanhaÌ?, se Deus quiser, os jornais daÌ?o noticia da minha ida ao Rio. Um emprego no Banco Industrial do Rio de Janeiro eÌ? papa-fina. JaÌ? ouviste falar no Banco Industrial? - NaÌ?o.
+- Pois eÌ? um excelente emprego - um empregaÌ?o! Adelaide pediu o jantar aÌ? porta da cozinha e veio sentar-se aÌ? mesa. Eram pobres, de uma pobreza honesta e limpa.
+Moravam nos arredores da cidade, num lugar chamado Coqueiros, onde a vida era quieta e ningueÌ?m os ia incomodar nas horas de descanso. Assim que desciam as primeiras sombras da noite, caiÌ?a todo o bairro numa extraordinaÌ?ria mudez, num sileÌ?ncio de aldeia feliz, cortado, apenas, em noites de lua, pelo choro melancoÌ?lico dalgum violaÌ?o boeÌ?mio que passava dizendo histoÌ?rias de amor... A proÌ?pria estaçaÌ?o do trem era um pouquinho longe da casa em que moravam.
+Nesse tempo, Jesus ainda se naÌ?o afastara da GalileÌ?ia e das doces, luminosas margens do Lago de TiberiÌ?ade: - mas a nova dos seus milagres penetrara jaÌ? ateÌ? Enganim, cidade rica, de muralhas fortes, entre olivais e vinhedos, no paiÌ?s de Issacar. Uma tarde um homem de olhos ardentes e deslumbrados passou no fresco vale, e anunciou que um novo Profeta, um Rabi formoso, percorria os campos e as aldeias da GalileÌ?ia, predizendo a chegada do reino de Deus, curando todos os males humanos. E enquanto descansava, sentado aÌ? beira da Fonte dos VergeÌ?is, contou ainda que esse Rabi, na estrada de Magdala, sarara da lepra o servo dum decuriaÌ?o romano, soÌ? com estender sobre ele a sombra das suas maÌ?os; e que noutra manhaÌ?, atravessando numa barca para a terra dos GerasseÌ?nios, onde começava a colheita do baÌ?lsamo, ressuscitara a filha de Jairo, homem consideraÌ?vel e douto que comentava os Livros na Sinagoga.
+E como em redor, assombrados, seareiros, pastores, e as mulheres trigueiras com a bilha no ombro, lhe perguntassem se esse era, em verdade, o Messias de JudeÌ?ia, e se diante dele refulgia a espada de fogo, e se o ladeavam, caminhando como as sombras de duas torres, as sombras de Gog e de Magog. Nos paiÌ?ses quentes, o sol possui um outro ardor que o nosso naÌ?o tem. As pessoas tornam-se acajus.
+Nas regioÌ?es mais quentes ainda, chegam a ser negras. Mas foi justamente para um desses paiÌ?ses caÌ?lidos que um saÌ?bio de nossos paiÌ?ses frios resolveu ir. Imaginava que poderia circular por ali como em nossa paÌ?tria; mas logo se desiludiu.
+Assim como todas as pessoas razoaÌ?veis, ele era forçado a ficar em casa, com as venezianas e as portas fechadas durante o dia inteiro. Dir-se-ia que todos dormiam na casa, ou que esta naÌ?o era habitada. AleÌ?m do mais, a rua onde ele morava ficava situada de tal maneira, que desde manhaÌ? o sol batia na casa toda.
+Era verdadeiramente insuportaÌ?vel. Este saÌ?bio dos PaiÌ?ses frios era um homem jovem e inteligente. Parecia-lhe estar sobre um fogo em brasa.
+Como sofria. Emagrecia ao extremo, mesmo sua sombra diminuiÌ?a. Estava bem menor do que em sua paÌ?tria. Estava ficando assim por causa do sol.
+SoÌ? se animava aÌ? noite, quando o sol desaparecia. Na AmazoÌ?nia Brasileira, haÌ? cerca de 500 mil famiÌ?lias assentadas. Tem sido diÌ?ficil desenvolver para estas famiÌ?lias sistemas de produçaÌ?o capazes de garantir uma vida com qualidade alimentar, sauÌ?de, educaçaÌ?o e conforto.
+Muitos famiÌ?lias lutam buscando novas alternativas econoÌ?micas a fim de manterem-se no meio rural, outros migram para tentar a sorte nas cidades ou em novas fronteiras. Da floresta podem-se extrair frutas, castanhas, borracha, madeira e outros produtos, no entanto, eÌ? um desafio encontrar novas alternativas econoÌ?micas para produtores da AmazoÌ?nia A proibiçaÌ?o por parte do governo brasileiro da exploraçaÌ?o do sassafraÌ?s, utilizado como principal fonte de safrol natural, em matas primaÌ?rias da floresta atlaÌ?ntida, na deÌ?cada de 90, levou grandes induÌ?strias quiÌ?micas processadoras de fragraÌ?ncias e inseticidas a buscar novas fontes alternativas deste fenil-eÌ?ter. A descoberta do safrol na espeÌ?cie Piper hispidinervum, vulgarmente conhecida por pimenta longa no Estado do Acre, feita por um grupo de pesquisadores do Inpa, na deÌ?cada de 70, no Vale do Rio Acre, na AmazoÌ?nia Ocidental do Brasil, despertou nos uÌ?ltimos anos, grande interesse de induÌ?strias
nacionais e estrangeiras, em relaçaÌ?o a esta fonte alternativa.
+Atualmente o oÌ?leo essencial de SassafraÌ?s, importado da China e do VietnaÌ?, eÌ? obtido da mesma forma destrutiva ocorrida no Brasil e com isto as suas reservas correm seÌ?rio risco de esgotarem-se a curto e meÌ?dio prazos. Uma equipe multidisciplinar de pesquisadores da Embrapa em parceria com o DFID, e empresas privadas veÌ?m gerando tecnologias a fim de tornar a pimenta longa uma cultura comercial, capaz de atender a demanda de mercados nacionais e internacionais e substituir o sassafraÌ?s num futuro proÌ?ximo. A equipe de pesquisa passou a testar o comportamento da pimenta longa nos campos em parceria com os produtores e a desenvolver tecnologias simples, praÌ?ticas e de baixo custo para destilar o oÌ?leo da planta e vender aÌ?s empresas.
+Ao mesmo tempo, observar as espeÌ?cies de pimenta longa em seu habitat natural, aÌ?reas de capoeiras, verificando as variaçoÌ?es do teor de safrol das plantas e resisteÌ?ncia a doenças. O Projeto Pimenta Longa teve apoio financeiro do DFID, contribuindo com a capacitaçaÌ?o de pesquisadores, teÌ?cnicos e produtores, e proporcionando a estruturaçaÌ?o de laboratoÌ?rios e das AssociaçoÌ?es. Foram selecionados 30 produtores em duas associaçoÌ?es de diferentes partes da AmazoÌ?nia, a ASPRUVE, na Vila Extrema, no oeste de RondoÌ?nia, e, no leste do ParaÌ?, a Acorda Jabuti.
+Tornaram-se tambeÌ?m parceiras no projeto, a empresa Geroma do Brasil, financiando as destilarias e comprando toda a produçaÌ?o de oÌ?leo. ApoÌ?s treÌ?s anos de pesquisa participativa, os produtores do projeto jaÌ? realizaram treÌ?s colheitas para extraçaÌ?o do oÌ?leo essencial. Cada associaçaÌ?o tem uma destilaria comunitaÌ?ria, um trator, uma carreta, um computador e outros materiais permanentes que os habilitam a levar adiante os negoÌ?cios com pimenta longa, e a tornarem-se organizaçoÌ?es comunitaÌ?rias auto-suficientes.
+As famiÌ?lias de produtores receberam treinamentos sobre o cultivo, beneficiamento da pimenta longa e para detectar possiÌ?veis problemas com doenças. Os pesquisadores e produtores veÌ?m monitorando os custos e as etapas do processo agroindustrial, para assegurar que a cultura seja economicamente viaÌ?vel. A qualidade do oÌ?leo eÌ? rigorosamente controlada, pois para comercializaçaÌ?o deve ter, no miÌ?nimo, 90% de teor de safrol.
+Os resultados saÌ?o promissores, pois jaÌ? existe uma demanda por parte de produtores dos estados da AmazoÌ?nia e de outras regioÌ?es do paiÌ?s querendo investir nesta cultura. A equipe que conduz o projeto tem assistido a expansaÌ?o gradual e controlada das aÌ?reas de cultivo, considerando que ainda eÌ? recente o processo de domesticaçaÌ?o da espeÌ?cie. Cada colheita e destilaçaÌ?o, cada nova estaçaÌ?o com suas variaçoÌ?es edafoclimaÌ?ticas contribuem para novas experieÌ?ncias e conhecimento desta cultura, reduzindo os riscos a novos produtores que queiram cultivar pimenta longa.
+A equipe do projeto implementou um Centro de InformaçoÌ?es de Pimenta Longa para atender a demanda de consultas nacional e internacional sobre a cultura. Produzir uma pequena nuvem artificial dentro de um vidro de geleÌ?ia. Ilustrar a nucleaçaÌ?o de gotas nas nuvens Vamos descrever duas formas simples de produzir uma pequena nuvem dentro de um jarro ou garrafa de vidro.
+Use uma garrafa com gargalo largo e uma rolha com um furo por onde passa um tubo de borracha ou plaÌ?stico. Ponha um pouco de aÌ?gua na garrafa - bem pouco. Sugue o ar da garrafa atraveÌ?s do tubo e feche a ponta do tubo com os dedos.
+Acenda um foÌ?sforo e, logo que ele se apagar, produzindo fumaça, escoste-o na ponta tubo e solte os dedos. Isso faz com que partiÌ?culas de fumaça penetrem na garrafa. Agora sopre bem forte na ponta do tubo e logo apoÌ?s sele de novo essa ponta com os dedos.
+Finalmente, solte o tubo de uma vez. Se tudo correr bem, uma pequena nuvem deve se formar dentro da garrafa. Dessa vez, use um jarro de vidro de boca larga, desses de guardar doce ou geleÌ?ia.
+Ponha um pouquinho de aÌ?gua no jarro. Enfie uma luva de borracha ou plaÌ?stico, dessas que se usam na cozinha, dentro do jarro e ajuste o punho de forma a vedar a boca larga. Enfie a maÌ?o na luva e puxe rapidamente para fora sem quebrar a vedaçaÌ?o do jarro.
+Nada acontece. Retire a luva, acenda um foÌ?sforo e deixe-o cair no jarro produzindo fumaça. Recoloque a luva e repita o processo descrito acima. Dessa vez, se tudo correr bem, uma pequena nuvem deve se formar no jarro, quando voceÌ? puxar a maÌ?o.
+Essa experieÌ?ncia eÌ? simples, o efeito naÌ?o eÌ? muito vistoso, mas ilustra um fenoÌ?meno importante da FiÌ?sica da Atmosfera: a formaçaÌ?o de gotas de chuva em uma nuvem. Essas gotas soÌ? se formam se existirem nuÌ?cleos de condensaçaÌ?o em suspensaÌ?o na atmosfera. Se a natureza fosse esperar que as gotas se condensassem soÌ? por causa da temperatura e da pressaÌ?o na atmosfera, naÌ?o existiriam nuvens nesse planeta.
+No caso dessa experieÌ?ncia, os nuÌ?cleos de condensaçaÌ?o saÌ?o as partiÌ?culas de fuligem. O jarro conteÌ?m vapor de aÌ?gua, isto eÌ?, moleÌ?culas dispersas de aÌ?gua na forma de um gaÌ?s invisiÌ?vel. Uma raÌ?pida expansaÌ?o do ar dentro do jarro provoca o resfriamento do ar e do vapor no jarro.
+Esse abaixamento suÌ?bito de temperatura induz aÌ? formaçaÌ?o de pequenas gotas de aÌ?gua liÌ?quida no ar. Se naÌ?o houver algo que impeça, essas gotas rapidamente se evaporam novamente, voltando aÌ? condiçaÌ?o de vapor. Para que elas cresçam e se agrupem na forma de uma gota maior eÌ? necessaÌ?ria a presença de um nuÌ?cleo de condensaçaÌ?o - pequenas partiÌ?culas de sal, poeira ou fumaça.
+Na sua experieÌ?ncia, esses nuÌ?cleos de condensaçaÌ?o saÌ?o as partiÌ?culas de fumaça do foÌ?sforo. Os melhores nuÌ?cleos de condensaçaÌ?o saÌ?o aqueles que se dissolvem na aÌ?gua. Sal de cozinha (cloreto de soÌ?dio) eÌ? um bom exemplo.
+EÌ? complicado salgar o ar dentro de seu jarro de nuvens mas voceÌ? pode demostrar como eÌ? faÌ?cil condensar vapor de aÌ?gua em torno de partiÌ?culas de sal. Espalhe alguns graÌ?os de sal na parte interna de uma tampa de lata metaÌ?lica ou plaÌ?stica. Ponha essa tampa no fundo de uma travessa rasa de vidro e derrame um pouco de aÌ?gua no fundo da travessa.
+Tampe a travessa com sua tampa de vidro e observe por uns 15 a 20 minutos. VoceÌ? deveraÌ? ver os graÌ?os de sal se transformarem em gotas de aÌ?gua salgada. Houve uma transfereÌ?ncia de aÌ?gua do fundo da travessa para os graÌ?os de sal que atuaram como enormes nuÌ?cleos de condensaçaÌ?o.
+Retire agora a tampa da travessa. Se o ambiente naÌ?o for muito uÌ?mido, a aÌ?gua evapora das gotas deixando um resiÌ?duo de sal seco novamente. Frasco de vidro de boca larga.
+Deve ser suficientemente largo para conter sua maÌ?o enluvada. Luva de borracha ou plaÌ?stico. Garrafa bojuda. Rolha de borracha ou cortiça compacta, furada no centro.
+Tubo de borracha ou plaÌ?stico. Travessa rasa de vidro com tampa tambeÌ?m de vidro. Tampa de lata de doce.
+Sal de cozinha. FoÌ?sforos - de prefereÌ?ncia, com cabo de papel, desses que encontramos nos hoteÌ?is. Sua apresentaçaÌ?o pode se concentrar sobre o fenoÌ?meno atmosfeÌ?rico da formaçaÌ?o de nuvens. Consulte um especialista no Departamento de Meteorologia da Universidade mais proÌ?xima.
+Faça grandes cartazes mostrando como se formam as nuvens de chuva. Iluminando sua caÌ?mara de nuvens com uma luz forte, um projetor de "slides", por exemplo, facilita a observaçaÌ?o de sua nuvem artificial. VoceÌ? pode incluir, em sua apresentaçaÌ?o, alguma coisa sobre a caÌ?mara de nuvens de Wilson, usada para detetar partiÌ?culas sub-atoÌ?micas.
+Colete material sobre esses assuntos, inclusive com coÌ?pias de fotografias dos rastros deixados por partiÌ?culas na caÌ?mara de Wilson. Essas fotos aparecem em tudo que eÌ? livro de FiÌ?sica AtoÌ?mica. Por todas as coisas que foram mostradas, por tudo o que foi dito, rogo a todos que de agora em diante, cientes de algumas das belezas e ideais da Umbanda, tais como, caridade, evoluçaÌ?o, paz e harmonia, tentem entender nossa religiaÌ?o.
+NaÌ?o desejamos conversaÌ?o em massa, naÌ?o almejamos monopoÌ?lio religioso, naÌ?o eÌ? do nosso intento o reconhecimento incondicional, como se derrotados fossem todas as outras religioÌ?es. Nossa intençaÌ?o eÌ? apenas continuar praticando nossas crenças, trabalhar sempre que solicitados, pelos nossos irmaÌ?os. Em suma, dar a nossa contribuiçaÌ?o para a evoluçaÌ?o material e espiritual de todos noÌ?s.
+Erros e praÌ?ticas mal realizadas sempre seraÌ?o encontradas em todas as atividades nas quais a presença do homem acontece. Mas naÌ?o podemos condenar a medicina pelo mal procedimento do meÌ?dico.. A doença, nunca seraÌ? melhor do que os efeitos da omissaÌ?o em procurar socorro, causados pela desconfiança num diagnoÌ?stico.
+Essa poderia ser uma oraçaÌ?o poderosa, uma louvaçaÌ?o forte aos nossos queridos e amados Pretos-Velhos, mas eÌ? somente uma constataçaÌ?o. EÌ? assim mesmo que os vejo, da maneira que os descrevi acima e sem sombra de duÌ?vidas eÌ? assim que eles se posicionam na vida de todos que deles necessitam, e sem que nem mesmo creiam neles. Essas entidades denominados Pretos-Velhos, saÌ?o formadores de uma falange de espiÌ?ritos, que quando encarnados sofreram na condiçaÌ?o de escravos.
+PoreÌ?m como nas demais falanges espirituais, poderaÌ? haver inclusos entre eles, algum outro espiÌ?rito, nem preto ou escravo, trabalhando lado a lado nesta condiçaÌ?o espiritual, por devoçaÌ?o ou determinaçaÌ?o superior. SaÌ?o extremamente bondosos, normalmente chamados por Pai, VovoÌ?, VovoÌ?, e ateÌ? Tia. SaÌ?o conhecidos como os psicoÌ?logos da Umbanda, o sofaÌ? de anaÌ?lise dos menos favorecidos.
+Ouvem com pacieÌ?ncia queixas e dores, e por intermeÌ?dio de rezas, banhos, passes, defumaçoÌ?es e conselhos, vaÌ?o curando, unindo e protegendo. Vestem-se normalmente de branco, usam bengalas, alguns usam chapeÌ?us, outros um pano enrolado na cabeça. Fumam cachimbo ou charutos, bebem preferencialmente vinho, mas podem preferir o cafeÌ? amargo e ateÌ? mesmo a aguardente.
+Gostam de guias (colares) de sementes ou miçanga preta e branca. Nas festas usam roupas feitas em padronagem xadrez, nas cores preto e branco. Gostam de rapadura, tutu de feijaÌ?o, feijoada, e muita comida mineira.
+Alguns guardam a lembrança da crueldade dos senhores e feitores, como lesoÌ?es nas pernas que os obrigam a andar de joelhos ou alquebrados, apoiando-se em bengalas, outros usam tipoÌ?ias para segurar os braços torturados e machucados. Sua força e grande poder espiritual, vem do sofrimento que lhes foram impingidos no passado , mas isso naÌ?o diminui a determinaçaÌ?o em praticarem a caridade para todos os filhos, de todas as raças humanas, que os procuram. Parece-lhe entaÌ?o que o que se deu comigo em 1860, pode entrar numa paÌ?gina de livro?
+VaÌ? que seja, com a condiçaÌ?o uÌ?nica de que naÌ?o haÌ? de divulgar nada antes da minha morte. NaÌ?o esperaraÌ? muito, pode ser que oito dias, se naÌ?o for menos; estou desenganado. Olhe, eu podia mesmo contar-lhe a minha vida inteira, em que haÌ? outras cousas interessantes, mas para isso era preciso tempo, aÌ?nimo e papel, e eu soÌ? tenho papel; o aÌ?nimo eÌ? frouxo, e o tempo assemelha-se aÌ? lamparina de madrugada.
+NaÌ?o tarda o sol do outro dia, um sol dos diabos, impenetraÌ?vel como a vida. Adeus, meu caro senhor, leia isso e queira-me bem; perdoe-me o que lhe parecer mau, e naÌ?o maltrate muito arruda, se lhe naÌ?o cheira a rosas. Pediu-me um documento humano, ei-lo aqui.
+NaÌ?o me peça tambeÌ?m o impeÌ?rio de GraÌ?o-Mogol, nem a fotografia de Macabeus; peça, poreÌ?m, os meus sapatos de defunto e naÌ?o os dou a ningueÌ?m mais. JaÌ? sabe que foi em 1860. No ano anterior, ali pelo meÌ?s de agosto, tendo eu quarenta e dois anos fiz-me teoÌ?logo,
+ quero dizer, copiava os estudos de teologia de um padre de NiteroÌ?i, antigo companheiro de coleÌ?gio, que assim me dava, delicadamente, casa, cama e mesa.
+Naquele meÌ?s de agosto de 1859, recebeu ele uma carta de um vigaÌ?rio de certa vila do interior perguntando se conhecia pessoa entendida, discreta e paciente, que quisesse ir servir de enfermeiro ao coronel Felisberto, mediante um bom ordenado. O padre falou-me, aceitei com ambas as maÌ?os, estava jaÌ? enfarado de copiar citaçoÌ?es latinas e foÌ?rmulas eclesiaÌ?sticas. Vim aÌ? Corte despedir-me de um irmaÌ?o, e segui para a vila.
+Chegando aÌ? vila, tive maÌ?s notiÌ?cias do coronel. Era homem insuportaÌ?vel, esturdio, exigente, ningueÌ?m o aturava, nem os proÌ?prios amigos. Gastava mais enfermeiros que remeÌ?dios.
+A dous dele quebrou a cara. Respondi que naÌ?o tinha medo de gente saÌ?, menos ainda de doentes; e depois de entender-me com o vigaÌ?rio, que me confirmou as notiÌ?cias recebidas, e me recomendou mansidaÌ?o e caridade, segui para a resideÌ?ncia do coronel. Achei-o na varanda da casa estirado numa cadeira, bufando muito.
+NaÌ?o me recebeu mal. Começou por naÌ?o dizer nada; poÌ?s em mim dous olhos de gato que observa; depois, uma espeÌ?cie de riso maligno alumiou-lhe as feiçoÌ?es, que eram duras. Afinal, disse-me que nenhum dos enfermeiros que tivera, prestava para nada, dormiam muito, eram respondoÌ?es e andavam ao faro das escravas; dous eram ateÌ? gatunos!
+ VoceÌ? eÌ? gatuno?
+ NaÌ?o, senhor.
+Em seguida, perguntou-me pelo nome: disse-lho e ele fez um gesto de espanto. Colombo? NaÌ?o, senhor: ProcoÌ?pio JoseÌ? Gomes Valongo. Valongo? Achou que naÌ?o era nome de gente, propoÌ?s chamar-me taÌ?o somente ProcoÌ?pio, ao que respondi que estaria para o que fosse de seu agrado.
+Conto-lhe esta particularidade, naÌ?o soÌ? porque me parece pintaÌ?-lo bem, como porque a minha resposta deu de mim a melhor ideÌ?ia ao coronel. Ele mesmo o declarou ao vigaÌ?rio, acrescentando que eu era o mais simpaÌ?tico dos enfermeiros que tivera. A verdade eÌ? que vivemos uma lua-de-mel de sete dias.
+No oitavo dia, entrei na vida dos meus prodecessores, uma vida de caÌ?o, naÌ?o dormir, naÌ?o pensar em mais nada, recolher injuÌ?rias, e, aÌ?s vezes, rir delas, com um ar de resignaçaÌ?o e conformidade; reparei que era um modo de lhe fazer corte. Tudo impertineÌ?ncias de moleÌ?stia e do temperamento. A moleÌ?stia era um rosaÌ?rio delas, padecia de aneurisma, de reumatismo e de treÌ?s ou quatro afecçoÌ?es menores.
+Tinha perto de sessenta anos, e desde os cinco toda a gente lhe fazia a vontade. Se fosse soÌ? rabugento, vaÌ?; mas era tambeÌ?m mau, deleitava-se com a dor e a humilhaçaÌ?o dos outros. No fim de treÌ?s meses estava farto de lhe aturar; determinei vir embora; soÌ? esperei ocasiaÌ?o.
+NaÌ?o tardou a ocasiaÌ?o. Um dia, como lhe naÌ?o desse a tempo uma fomentaçaÌ?o, pegou da bengala e atirou-me dous ou treÌ?s golpes. NaÌ?o era preciso mais; despedi-me imediatamente, e fui aprontar a mala.
+Ele foi ter comigo, ao quarto, pediu-me que ficasse, que naÌ?o valia a pena se zangar por uma rabugice de velho. Instou tanto que fiquei.
+ Estou na pendura, ProcoÌ?pio, dizia-me ele aÌ? noute; naÌ?o posso viver muito tempo.
+Estou aqui, estou na cova. VoceÌ? haÌ? de ir ao meu enterro, ProcoÌ?pio; naÌ?o o dispenso por nada. HaÌ? de ir, haÌ? de rezar ao peÌ? da minha sepultura.
+Se naÌ?o for, acrescentou rindo, eu voltarei de noite para lhe puxar as pernas. VoceÌ? creÌ? em almas de outro mundo, ProcoÌ?pio?
+ Qual o queÌ?!
+ E por que eÌ? que naÌ?o haÌ? de crer, seu burro? redarguiu vivamente, arregalando os olhos. Eram assim as pazes; imagine a guerra.
+Coibiu-se das bengaladas, mas as injuÌ?rias ficaram as mesmas, se naÌ?o peiores. Eu, com o tempo, fui calejando, e naÌ?o dava mais por nada; era burro, camelo, pedaço d asno, idiota, moleiraÌ?o, era tudo. Nem, ao menos, havia mais gente que recolhesse uma parte desses nomes.
+NaÌ?o tinha parentes; tinha um sobrinho que morreu tiÌ?sico, em fins de maio ou princiÌ?pios de julho, em Minas. Os amigos iam por laÌ? aÌ?s vezes aprovaÌ?-lo, aplaudi-lo, e nada mais; cinco, dez minutos de visita. Restava eu; era eu sozinho para um dicionaÌ?rio inteiro.
+Mas de um vez resolvi sair; mas, instado pelo vigaÌ?rio, ia ficando. NaÌ?o soÌ? as relaçoÌ?es iam ficando melindrosas, mas eu estava ansioso para tornar aÌ? Corte. Aos quarenta e dous anos naÌ?o eÌ? que havia de acostumar-me aÌ? reclusaÌ?o constante, ao peÌ? de um doente bravio, no interior.
+Para avaliar o meu isolamento, basta saber que eu nem lia os jornais; salvo alguma notiÌ?cia mais importante que levavam ao coronel, eu nada sabia do resto do mundo. Entendi, portanto, voltar para a Corte, na primeira ocasiaÌ?o, ainda que tivesse que brigar com o vigaÌ?rio. Bom eÌ? dizer (visto que faço uma confissaÌ?o geral) que, nada gastando e tendo guardado integralmente os ordenados, estava ansioso por vir dissipaÌ?-los aqui.
+Era provaÌ?vel que a ocasiaÌ?o aparecesse. O coronel estava peior, fez testamento, descompondo o tabeliaÌ?o, quase tanto como a mim. O trato era mais duro, os breves lapsos de sossego de brandura faziam-se raros.
+JaÌ? por esse tempo tinha eu perdido a escassa dose de piedade que me faziam esquecer os excessos do doente; trazia dentro de mim um fermento de oÌ?dio e aversaÌ?o. No princiÌ?pio de agosto decidi definitivamente sair; o vigaÌ?rio e o meÌ?dico, aceitando as razoÌ?es, pediram que ficasse algum tempo mais. Concedi-lhes um meÌ?s; no fim de um meÌ?s viria embora, qualquer que fosse o estado do doente.
+O vigaÌ?rio tratou de procurar-me substituto. Vai ver o que aconteceu. Na noite de vinte e quatro de Agosto, o coronel teve um excesso de raiva, atropelou-me, disse-me muito nome cru, ameaçou-me de um tiro, e acabou atirando-me um prato de mingau, que achou frio, o prato foi cair na parede onde se fez em pedaços.
+ HaÌ?s de pagaÌ?-lo, ladraÌ?o! bradou ele. Resmungou ainda muito tempo. AÌ?s onze horas passou pelo sono.
+Enquanto ele dormia, saquei um livro do bolso, um velho romance de d Arlincourt, traduzido, que laÌ? achei, e pus-me a leÌ?-lo, no mesmo quarto, a pequena distaÌ?ncia da cama; tinha de acordaÌ?-lo aÌ? meia-noite para lhe dar o remeÌ?dio. Ou fosse de cansaço, ou do livro, antes de chegar ao final da segunda paÌ?gina adormeci tambeÌ?m. Acordei aos gritos do coronel, e levantei-me estremunhado.
+Ele, que parecia delirar, continuou nos mesmos gritos, a acabou por lançar maÌ?o da moringa e arremessaÌ?-la contra mim. NaÌ?o tive tempo de desviar-me; a moringa bateu-me na face esquerda, e tal foi a dor que naÌ?o vi mais nada; atirei-me ao doente, pus-lhe as maÌ?os ao pescoço, lutamos, e esganei-o . Quando percebi que o doente expirava, recuei aterrado, e dei um grito; mas ningueÌ?m me ouviu. Voltei aÌ? cama, agitei-o para chamaÌ?-lo a vida, era tarde; arrebentara o aneurisma, e o coronel morreu.
+Passei aÌ? sala contiÌ?gua, e durante duas horas naÌ?o ousei voltar ao quarto. NaÌ?o posso mesmo dizer tudo o que passei, durante esse tempo. Era um atordoamento, um deliÌ?rio vago e estuÌ?pido.
+Parecia-me que as paredes tinham vultos; escutava umas vozes surdas. Os gritos da viÌ?tima, antes da luta e durante a luta, continuavam a repercutir dentro de mim, e o ar, para onde quer que me voltasse, aparecia recortado de convulsoÌ?es. NaÌ?o creia que esteja fazendo imagens nem estilo; digo-lhe que eu ouvia distintamente umas vozes que me bradavam: assassino! assassino!
+Tudo o mais estava calado. O mesmo som do reloÌ?gio, lento, igual e seco, sublinhava o sileÌ?ncio e a solidaÌ?o. Colava a orelha aÌ? porta do quarto na esperança de ouvir um gemido, uma palavra, uma injuÌ?ria, qualquer cousa que significasse a vida, e me restituiÌ?sse a paz aÌ? conscieÌ?ncia.
+Estaria pronto a apanhar das maÌ?os do coronel, dez, vinte, cem vezes. Mas nada, nada; tudo calado. Voltava a andar aÌ? toa, na sala, sentava-me, punha as maÌ?os na cabeça; arrependia-me de ter vindo.
+ "Maldita hora em que aceitei semelhante cousa!" exclamava.
+E descompunha o padre de NiteroÌ?i, o meÌ?dico, o vigaÌ?rio, os que me arranjaram um lugar, e os que me pediram para ficar mais algum tempo. Agarrava-me a cumplicidade dos outros homens. Como o sileÌ?ncio acabava por aterrar-me, abri uma das janelas, para escutar o som do vento, se ventasse.
+NaÌ?o ventava. A noite ia tranquila, as estrelas fulguravam, com a indiferença de pessoas que tiram o chapeÌ?u a um enterro que passa, e continuam a falar de outra cousa. Encostei-me ali por algum tempo, fitando a noite, deixando-me ir a uma recapitulaçaÌ?o da vida, a ver se descansava da dor presente. SoÌ? entaÌ?o posso dizer que pensei claramente no castigo.
+Achei-me com um crime aÌ?s costas e vi a puniçaÌ?o certa. Aqui o temor complicou o remorso. Senti que os cabelos me ficavam de peÌ?. Minutos depois, vi treÌ?s ou quatro vultos de pessoas, no terreiro espiando, com um ar de emboscada; recuei, os vultos esvaiÌ?ram-se no ar; era uma alucinaçaÌ?o.
+Antes do alvorecer curei a contusaÌ?o da face. SoÌ? entaÌ?o ousei voltar ao quarto. Recuei duas vezes, mas era preciso e entrei; ainda assim, naÌ?o cheguei logo aÌ? cama.
+Tremiam-me as pernas, o coraçaÌ?o batia-me; cheguei a pensar na fuga; mas era confessar o crime, e, ao contraÌ?rio, urgia fazer desaparecer os vestiÌ?gios dele. Fui ateÌ? a cama; vi o cadaÌ?ver, com os olhos arregalados e a boca aberta, como deixando passar a eterna palavra dos seÌ?culos; "Caim, que fizeste de teu irmaÌ?o?" Vi no pescoço o sinal das minhas unhas, abotoei alto a camisa e cheguei ao queixo a ponta do lençol.
+Em seguida, chamei um escravo, disse-lhe que o coronel amanhecera morto; mandei recado ao vigaÌ?rio e ao meÌ?dico. A primeira ideÌ?ia foi retirar-me logo cedo, a pretexto de ter meu irmaÌ?o doente, e, na verdade, recebera carta dele, alguns dias antes, dizendo-me que se sentia mal. Mas adverti que a retirada imediata poderia fazer despertar suspeitas, e fiquei, eu mesmo amortalhei o cadaÌ?ver, com o auxiÌ?lio de um preto velho e miÌ?ope.
+NaÌ?o saia da sala mortuaÌ?ria; tinha medo de que descobrissem alguma cousa. Queria ver no rosto dos outros se desconfiavam; mas naÌ?o ousava fitar ningueÌ?m. Tudo me dava impacieÌ?ncias: os passos de ladraÌ?o com que entravam na sala, os cochichos, as ceremoÌ?nias e as rezas do vigaÌ?rio.
+Vindo a hora, fechei o caixaÌ?o, com as maÌ?os treÌ?mulas, taÌ?o treÌ?mulas que uma pessoa, que reparou nelas, disse a outra com piedade:
+ Coitado do ProcoÌ?pio! Apesar do que padeceu, estaÌ? muito sentido. Pareceu-me ironia; estava ansioso por ver tudo acabado.
+SaiÌ?mos aÌ? rua. A passagem da meia escuridaÌ?o da casa para a claridade da rua deu-me grande abalo; receei que fosse impossiÌ?vel ocultar o crime. Meti os olhos no chaÌ?o, e fui andando. Quando tudo acabou, respirei.
+Estava em paz com os homens. NaÌ?o o estava com a conscieÌ?ncia, e as primeiras noites foram naturalmente de desassossego e afliçaÌ?o. NaÌ?o eÌ? preciso dizer que vim logo para o Rio de Janeiro, e nem que vivi aqui aterrado, embora longe do crime; naÌ?o ria, falava pouco, mal comia, tinha alucinaçoÌ?es, pesadelos...
+ Deixa laÌ? o outro que morreu , diziam-me. NaÌ?o eÌ? caso para tanta melancolia. E eu aproveitava a ilusaÌ?o, fazendo muitos elogios ao morto, chamando-lhe boa creatura, impertinente, eÌ? verdade, mas um coraçaÌ?o de ouro.
+E elogiando, convencia-me tambeÌ?m, ao menos por alguns instantes. Outro fenoÌ?meno interessante, e que talvez lhe possa aproveitar, eÌ? que, naÌ?o sendo religioso, mandei dizer uma missa pelo eterno descanso do coronel, na igreja do Sacramento. NaÌ?o fiz convites, naÌ?o disse nada a ningueÌ?m; fui ouvi-la, sozinho, e estive de joelhos todo o tempo, persignando-me a miuÌ?do.
+Dobrei a espoÌ?rtula do padre, e distribuiÌ? esmolas aÌ? porta, tudo por intençaÌ?o do finado. NaÌ?o queria embair os homens; a prova eÌ? que fui soÌ?. Para completar este ponto, acrescentarei que nunca aludia ao coronel, que naÌ?o dissesse: "Deus lhe fale n alma!" E contava dele algumas anedotas alegres, rompantes engraçados...
+Sete dias depois de chegar ao Rio de Janeiro, recebi a carta do vigaÌ?rio, que lhe mostrei, dizendo-me que fora achado o testamento do coronel, e que eu era o herdeiro universal. Imagine o meu pasmo. Pareceu-me que lia mal, fui a meu irmaÌ?o, fui aos amigos; todos leram a mesma cousa.
+Estava escrito; eu era o herdeiro universal do coronel. Cheguei a supor que fosse uma cilada; mas adverti logo que havia outros meios de capturar-me, se o crime estivesse descoberto. Demais, eu conhecia a probidade do vigaÌ?rio, que naÌ?o se prestaria a ser instrumento.
+Reli a carta, cinco, dez, muitas vezes; laÌ? estava a notiÌ?cia.
+ Quanto tinha ele? perguntava-me meu irmaÌ?o.
+ NaÌ?o sei, mas era rico.
+ Realmente, provou que era teu amigo.
+ Era... era... Assim por um ironia da sorte, os bens do coronel vinham parar aÌ?s minhas maÌ?os.
+Cogitei em recusar a herança. Parecia-me odioso receber um vinteÌ?m de tal espoÌ?lio; era peior do que fazer-me esbirro alugado. Pensei nisso treÌ?s dias, e esbarrava sempre na consideraçaÌ?o de que a recusa podia fazer desconfiar alguma cousa.
+No fim dos treÌ?s dias, assentei num meio-termo; receberia a herança e daÌ?-la-ia toda, aos bocados e aÌ?s escondidas. NaÌ?o era soÌ? escruÌ?pulo; era tambeÌ?m o modo de resgatar o crime por um ato de virtude; pareceu-me que ficava assim de contas saldas. Preparei-me e segui para a vila.
+Em caminho, aÌ? proporçaÌ?o que me ia aproximando, recordava o triste sucesso, as cercanias da vila tinham um aspecto de trageÌ?dia, e a sombra do coronel parecia-me surgir de cada lado. A imaginaçaÌ?o ia reproduzindo as palavras, os gestos, toda a noite horrenda do crime... Crime ou luta? Realmente, foi uma luta em que eu, atacado, defendi-me, e na defesa...
+Foi uma luta desgraçada, uma fatalidade. Fixei-me nessa ideÌ?ia. E balanceava os agravos, punha no ativo as pancadas, as injuÌ?rias...
+NaÌ?o era culpa do coronel, bem o sabia, era da moleÌ?stia, que o tornava assim rabugento e ateÌ? mau... Mas eu perdoava tudo, tudo... O peior foi a fatalidade daquela noite...
+Considerei tambeÌ?m que o coronel naÌ?o podia viver muito mais; estava por pouco; ele mesmo o sentia e dizia. Viveria quanto? Duas semanas, ou uma; pode ser ateÌ? que menos. JaÌ? naÌ?o era vida, era um molambo de vida, se isto mesmo se podia chamar ao padecer contiÌ?nuo do pobre homem...
+E quem sabe mesmo se a luta e a morte naÌ?o foram apenas coincidentes? Podia ser, era ateÌ? o mais provaÌ?vel; naÌ?o foi outra cousa. Fixei-me tambeÌ?m nessa ideÌ?ia...
+Perto da vila apertou-se-me o coraçaÌ?o, e quis recuar; mas dominei-me e fui. Receberam-me com parabeÌ?ns. O vigaÌ?rio disse-me as disposiçoÌ?es do testamento, os legados pios, e de caminho ia louvando a mansidaÌ?o cristaÌ? e o zelo com que eu servira o coronel, que, apesar de aÌ?spero e duro, soube ser grato.
+ Sem duÌ?vida, dizia eu olhando para outra parte. Estava atordoado. Toda a gente me elogiava a dedicaçaÌ?o e a pacieÌ?ncia.
+As primeiras necessidades do inventaÌ?rio detiveram-me algum tempo na vila. ConstituiÌ? advogado; as cousas correram placidamente. Durante esse tempo, falava muita vez do coronel.
+Vinham contar-me cousas dele, mas sem a moderaçaÌ?o do padre; eu defendia-o, apontava algumas virtudes, era austero...
+ Qual austero! JaÌ? morreu, acabou; mas era o diabo. E referiam-me casos duros, açoÌ?es perversas, algumas extraordinaÌ?rias.
+Quer que lhe diga? Eu, a princiÌ?pio, ia ouvindo cheio de curiosidade; depois, entrou-me no coraçaÌ?o um singular prazer, que eu, sinceramente buscava expelir. E defendia o coronel, explicava-o, atribuiÌ?a alguma cousa aÌ?s rivalidades locais: confessava, sim, que era um pouco violento...
+Um pouco? Era uma cobra assanhada, interrompia-me o barbeiro; e todos, o coletor, o boticaÌ?rio, o escrivaÌ?o, todos diziam a mesma cousa; e vinham outras anedotas, vinha toda a vida do defunto. Os velhos lembravam-se das crueldades dele, em menino. E o prazer iÌ?ntimo, calado, insidioso, crescia dentro de mim, espeÌ?cie de teÌ?nia moral, que por mais que a arrancasse aos pedaços, recompunha-se logo e ia ficando.
+As obrigaçoÌ?es do inventaÌ?rio distraiÌ?ram-me; e por outro lado a opiniaÌ?o da vila era taÌ?o contraÌ?ria ao coronel, que a vista dos lugares foi perdendo para mim a feiçaÌ?o tenebrosa que a princiÌ?pio achei neles. Entrando na posse da herança, convertia-a em tiÌ?tulos e dinheiro. Eram entaÌ?o passados muitos meses, e a ideÌ?ia de distribuiÌ?-la toda em esmolas e donativos pios naÌ?o me dominou como da primeira vez; achei mesmo que era afetaçaÌ?o.
+Restringi o plano primitivo: distribuiÌ? alguma cousa aos pobres, dei aÌ? matriz da vila uns paraÌ?metros novos, fiz uma esmola aÌ? Santa Casa de MisericoÌ?rdia, etc.: ao todo trinta e dous contos. Mandei tambeÌ?m levantar um tuÌ?mulo ao coronel, todo de maÌ?rmore, obra de um napolitano, que aqui esteve em 1866, e foi morrer, creio eu, no Paraguai.. Os anos foram andando, a memoÌ?ria tornou-se cinzenta e desmaiada.
+Penso aÌ?s vezes no coronel, mas sem os terrores dos primeiros dias. Todos os meÌ?dicos a quem contei as moleÌ?stias dele, foram acordes em que a morte era certa, e soÌ? se admiravam de ter resistido tanto tempo. Pode ser que eu, involuntariamente, exagerasse a descriçaÌ?o que entaÌ?o lhe fiz; mas a verdade eÌ? que ele devia morrer, ainda que naÌ?o fosse aquela fatalidade...
+Adeus, meu caro senhor. Se achar que estes apontamentos valem alguma cousa, pague-me tambeÌ?m com um tuÌ?mulo de maÌ?rmore, ao qual daraÌ? por epitaÌ?fio esta emenda que faço aqui ao divino sermaÌ?o da montanha: "Bem-aventurados os que possuem, porque eles seraÌ?o consolados." Observando o ceÌ?u em uma noite estrelada, naÌ?o podemos evitar a impressaÌ?o de que estamos no meio de uma grande esfera incrustrada de estrelas.
+Isso inspirou, nos antigos gregos, a ideÌ?ia do ceÌ?u como uma Esfera Celeste. Com o passar das horas, os astros se movem no ceÌ?u, nascendo a leste e se pondo a oeste. Isso causa a impressaÌ?o de que a esfera celeste estaÌ? girando de leste para oeste, em torno de um eixo imaginaÌ?rio, que intercepta a esfera em dois pontos fixos, os PoÌ?los Celestes.
+Na verdade, esse movimento, chamado movimento diurno dos astros, eÌ? um reflexo do movimento de rotaçaÌ?o da Terra, que se faz de oeste para leste. O eixo de rotaçaÌ?o da esfera celeste eÌ? o prolongamento do eixo de rotaçaÌ?o da Terra, e os poÌ?los celestes saÌ?o as projeçoÌ?es, no ceÌ?u, dos poÌ?los terrestres. Embora o Sol, a Lua, e a maioria dos astros, aqui na nossa latitude (para Porto Alegre), tenham nascer e ocaso, existem astros que nunca nascem nem se poÌ?em, permanecendo sempre acima do horizonte.
+Se pudeÌ?ssemos observaÌ?-los durante 24 horas, os veriÌ?amos descrevendo uma circunfereÌ?ncia completa no ceÌ?u, no sentido horaÌ?rio. Esses astros saÌ?o chamados circumpolares. O centro da circunfereÌ?ncia descrita por eles coincide com o PoÌ?lo Celeste Sul.
+Para os habitantes do hemisfeÌ?rio norte, as estrelas circumpolares descrevem uma circunfereÌ?ncia em torno do PoÌ?lo Celete Norte. Mas as estrelas que saÌ?o circumpolares laÌ? naÌ?o as mesmas estrelas que saÌ?o circumpolares aqui, pois o fato de uma estrela ser circumpolar ou naÌ?o depende da latitude do lugar de observaçaÌ?o. Multiplicidade de vozes, ataques generalizados, protestos de diversas partes.
+A profusaÌ?o de versoÌ?es e anaÌ?lises levada aÌ? vertigem , assim como qualquer tentativa de explicaçaÌ?o, reiterava a sensaçaÌ?o de caos e perplexidade instaurada na madrugada de dois de junho. O repoÌ?rter Tim Lopes, da TV Globo, era preso, torturado e assassinado enquanto trabalhava em uma reportagem sobre traÌ?fico de drogas e sessoÌ?es de sexo expliÌ?cito envolvendo menores, durante bailes funk, na favela do Cruzeiro, Rio de Janeiro. A propagaçaÌ?o de detalhes da morte do jornalista, atribuiÌ?da ao traficante Elias Pereira da Silva, o Elias Maluco, a despeito de tornar a situaçaÌ?o progressivamente mais desoladora, suscitou reaçoÌ?es que, entre previsiÌ?veis e surpreendentes, representaram um show de (conveniente) competeÌ?ncia.
+Como nunca, a PoliÌ?cia Militar descobriu tantos corpos em taÌ?o reduzido tempo. Como nunca, o Poder PuÌ?blico se articulou, propondo medidas draÌ?sticas contra a criminalidade. Como nunca, os veiÌ?culos de comunicaçaÌ?o atacaram, qual metralhadora giratoÌ?ria, a PM, o Estado, os traficantes como estrateÌ?gia, diga-se, de regatear seu quinhaÌ?o de mea culpa (afinal, quem garante aos repoÌ?rteres o miÌ?nimo de segurança nessas coberturas de risco?). AteÌ? mesmo os meÌ?todos de Tim foram questionados, em algumas investidas isoladas, com frases que ajudaram a compor um mosaico grotesco: "Por que naÌ?o se apresentou, no morro, como jornalista?", "Por que usar caÌ?mera oculta?". Questionamentos que soariam descabidos, haÌ? alguns meses, quando o mesmo Tim em parceria com Cristina GuimaraÌ?es conquistava o PreÌ?mio Esso de Telejornalismo, com a reportagem "Feira de Drogas", um retrato do comeÌ?rcio de toÌ?xicos nas favelas da Rocinha e da Mangueira ironicamente, a mate
Ì?ria que determinaria a "sentença de morte" do jornalista, entre os traficantes.
+Como a HistoÌ?ria nos mostrou amiuÌ?de, a identificaçaÌ?o de um inimigo comum eÌ? um grande combustiÌ?vel para que as massas se mobilizem. Isso poderia resolver o problema se naÌ?o o reduzisse terrivelmente. A ladainha de acusaçoÌ?es reciÌ?procas, ou seja, a busca pelo inimigo comum, naÌ?o torna a situaçaÌ?o menos grave tampouco caracteriza uma revereÌ?ncia justa aÌ? memoÌ?ria de um profissional que dedicou sua carreira a compreender o sofrimento daqueles que teÌ?m a violeÌ?ncia como determinante de seu cotidiano, relaçoÌ?es pessoais e opçoÌ?es de vida.
+Que toda indignaçaÌ?o e dor pelo assassinato de Tim naÌ?o se reverta, apenas, em farpas trocadas entre instituiçoÌ?es e autoridades. Que cada uma delas e cada um de noÌ?s, cidadaÌ?os e jornalistas - reconheçamos nossos limites, mas tambeÌ?m nossos potenciais. Que o fim de cada uma das açoÌ?es seja rigorosamente um incentivo aÌ? paz.
+Quando os protestos, acusaçoÌ?es, gritos de desespero arrefecerem, para que a vida normal volte a seu curso, cada um, certamente, saberaÌ? o que deve ser feito, qual seraÌ? seu papel e funçaÌ?o. Elias Maluco e seu bando, infelizmente, sabem. "Os jornalistas brasileiros reivindicam das autoridades constituiÌ?das a completa identificaçaÌ?o e puniçaÌ?o dos responsaÌ?veis por esse baÌ?rbaro crime.
+E mais: eÌ? necessaÌ?rio que os poderes puÌ?blicos federal, estadual e municipal sigam aleÌ?m, deixando as disputas poliÌ?ticas de lado. O momento eÌ? uma oportunidade para encontrarmos soluçoÌ?es concretas para problemas brasileiros, mas sem cair no debate histeÌ?rico e em propostas apelativas". "Sua morte naÌ?o foi uma trageÌ?dia menor ou maior do que a execuçaÌ?o de qualquer pessoa pelo crime organizado . Por outro lado, a morte do repoÌ?rter tem significado particular, amplo, para o qual eÌ? nosso dever chamar a atençaÌ?o do Estado e da sociedade.
+Tim Lopes morreu quando investigava, como eÌ? dever de cada jornalista, uma atividade criminosa insuportaÌ?vel. A sua morte negou aÌ? sociedade a informaçaÌ?o desse crime, assim como prejudicou e esperamos que apenas tenha adiado sua eliminaçaÌ?o". "No dia 4 de junho, um corpo queimado, que alguns acreditam ser do Senhor Lopes, foi encontrado na favela Vila Cruzeiro, regiaÌ?o norte do Rio de Janeiro.
+Moradores da regiaÌ?o afirmam ter testemunhado cerca de 20 traficantes espancarem um homem antes de atearem fogo em seu corpo na noite de 2 de junho. Recorremos a V.Exa. para garantir que todo o possiÌ?vel seja feito para averiguar o que aconteceu com o Senhor Lopes e, rapidamente, identificar, prender e julgar todos os responsaÌ?veis pelo seu desaparecimento".
+Terminar um relacionamento naÌ?o eÌ? faÌ?cil para ningueÌ?m. As meninas normalmente adiam o momento do ponto final por pura doÌ? do garoto. E eles, por medo de encarar a situaçaÌ?o, uma conversa seÌ?ria, cobranças, crises de choro...
+Por tudo isso junto, e mais um pouco, tentam sair pela tangente, fingindo que naÌ?o eÌ? com eles. EÌ? bem verdade que, em certos casos, ainda sobra um pouco de respeito do lado masculino, mesmo na hora de cair fora do relacionamento. Alguns apostam no bom e velho papo.
+Mas, para naÌ?o contar com a sinceridade alheia, o jeito eÌ? ficar sempre ligada. Como menino naÌ?o vem com manual de instruçoÌ?es, eÌ? bom observar o comportamento dele. E, ao primeiro sinal de desinteresse, tomar a iniciativa da conversa e botar tudo em pratos limpos.
+Minerais, vitaminas, proteiÌ?nas, fibras, carboidratos e gorduras beneÌ?ficas da famiÌ?lia oÌ?mega. Tais ingredientes entram no menu dos cachorros de hoje em dia. Bem diferente do passado, quando restos do jantar da famiÌ?lia ou raçoÌ?es nada apetitosas formavam o cardaÌ?pio dos bichos.
+Boas opçoÌ?es, agora, naÌ?o faltam. Basta um raÌ?pido olhar nas prateleiras das pet shops para conferir a imensa variedade de alimentos. HaÌ? desde tipos mais simples
+ os chamados Combate
+ ateÌ? os mais vitaminados, os Super Premium, fileÌ? mignon das raçoÌ?es porque oferece maior quantidade e qualidade de nutrientes.
+Para acertar na escolha, o zooteÌ?cnico JoseÌ? Roberto Sartori, do Departamento de Melhoramento e NutriçaÌ?o Animal da Faculdade de Medicina VeterinaÌ?ria da Universidade Estadual de SaÌ?o Paulo, recomenda as preparaçoÌ?es de empresas respeitadas. Elas saÌ?o bem balanceadas , atesta. Prefira raçoÌ?es especiÌ?ficas para cada fase.
+Filhotes e gestantes, por exemplo, precisam de nutrientes extras. Dar comida de homem aos caÌ?es naÌ?o eÌ? exatamente um pecado, mas haÌ? riscos: os animais naÌ?o digerem muito bem certos tipos de alimento. EÌ? o caso do feijaÌ?o , exemplifica o zooteÌ?cnico JoseÌ? Roberto Sartori, da Unesp.
+Pudera. A casca da leguminosa eÌ? capaz de irritar seu intestino e causar uma bela diarreÌ?ia. Optar por raçoÌ?es eÌ? uma forma de afastar ameaças desse tipo. Mas na hora de definir com qual marca encher o prato do bicho eÌ? importante observar os ingredientes que compoÌ?em o produto.
+Para garantir a dose de proteiÌ?na necessaÌ?ria, frango, salmaÌ?o e ovos saÌ?o as melhores fontes. A carne bovina naÌ?o eÌ? taÌ?o bem-vinda assim. Sua digestaÌ?o eÌ? mais difiÌ?cil , esclarece a veterinaÌ?ria Cristiana Fonseca, da empresa Premier Pet, em Dourado, interior de SaÌ?o Paulo.
+Justamente para incentivar o processo digestivo, alguns fabricantes de raçoÌ?es chegam a incluir um alto teor de fibras por meio de ingredientes exoÌ?ticos, como a beterraba-branca. Com isso o intestino funciona melhor e a absorçaÌ?o de nutrientes eÌ? eficaz , explica Cristiana. AleÌ?m de acertar na escolha da raçaÌ?o, eÌ? importante saber servi-la.
+ Siga as instruçoÌ?es de dosagem do roÌ?tulo , aconselha a veterinaÌ?ria Carla Alice Berl, da cliÌ?nica paulistana Pet Care. Mas naÌ?o deÌ? tudo de uma vez soÌ?. A quantidade deve ser fracionada ao longo do dia
+ geralmente em duas refeiçoÌ?es. E nada de se curvar perante olhos pidoÌ?es.
+Por causa do exagero, muitos caÌ?es estaÌ?o entrando para o time dos obesos
+ como Brisa, a rechonchuda feÌ?mea de labrador. De taÌ?o esfomeada, a cadela Brisa naÌ?o se contenta com seu prato de comida e costuma filar o almoço de outro caÌ?o, seu pai. Deu no que deu: ela estaÌ? acima do peso.
+A balança denuncia 33 quilos, quando deveria ficar nos 30. Essa eÌ? a meÌ?dia para um labrador de 1 ano , revela a veterinaÌ?ria Evelize Bratfisch da Rocha, de SaÌ?o Paulo. Agora, ou Brisa deixa de meter o focinho na tigela alheia ou teraÌ? que comer raçaÌ?o light.
+Os caÌ?es naÌ?o podem se servir da comida do dono? Alimentar o animal com restos de comida naÌ?o eÌ? adequado porque ele pode acabar desnutrido. AleÌ?m disso, existem alimentos que o caÌ?o naÌ?o digere bem.
+A casca do feijaÌ?o, por exemplo, eÌ? capaz de causar diarreÌ?ia. Por isso dar raçaÌ?o eÌ? a garantia de uma dieta saudaÌ?vel. Existe muita diferença entre as raçoÌ?es modernas e as antigas?
+Hoje as raçoÌ?es passam por um processo de alta pressaÌ?o e temperatura que garante maior digestibilidade. Assim, os nutrientes saÌ?o melhor absorvidos e o volume de fezes eÌ? menor. AleÌ?m disso, haÌ? o acreÌ?scimo de novos ingredientes.
+HaÌ? algum que mereça destaque? As fibras. Elas saÌ?o indispensaÌ?veis para o cachorro porque atuam no intestino do animal e dessa forma contribuem para a formaçaÌ?o do bolo fecal. Qual a quantidade certa de raçaÌ?o que o cachorro deve comer?
+Isso depende da raça e da idade do animal. O ideal eÌ? distribuir em duas porçoÌ?es. E naÌ?o se pode esquecer que existem fases que merecem mais atençaÌ?o.
+Filhotes e feÌ?meas em eÌ?poca de gestaçaÌ?o e lactaçaÌ?o devem reforçar a alimentaçaÌ?o. Um especialista poderaÌ? sugerir as doses certas. E eÌ? importante lembrar que a suplementaçaÌ?o pode ser muito perigosa.
+Quem naÌ?o escuta direito por causa de lesoÌ?es no nervo auditivo causadas por viroses ou pela proÌ?pria idade, por exemplo, poderaÌ? contar em breve com uma proÌ?tese americana que faz o som chegar ao ceÌ?rebro do jeitinho como eÌ?. Diferentemente das opçoÌ?es convencionais, que trabalham com a pressaÌ?o sonora, a novidade usa energia eletromagneÌ?tica (veja o infograÌ?fico). Ela melhora a percepçaÌ?o dos sons agudos e elimina a sensaçaÌ?o de ouvido tapado, comum nos outros modelos, aleÌ?m de ser esteÌ?tica, pois fica escondida no canal auditivo , enumera o otorrinolaringologista Fernando Gosling, do Rio de Janeiro. O dispositivo seraÌ? apresentado este meÌ?s no Congresso Carioca de Otorrinolaringologia.
+Na forma de ondas sonoras, o barulho externo eÌ? captado pela proÌ?tese, instalada no canal auditivo. AiÌ? o som eÌ? transformado em ondas eletromagneÌ?ticas. Essas ondas chegam a um magneto (espeÌ?cie de iÌ?maÌ?) implantado entre a bigorna e o estribo, dois ossinhos do ouvido.
+A intençaÌ?o eÌ? fazeÌ?-los vibrar. Assim, aumenta-se a poteÌ?ncia do sinal sonoro que chega aÌ?s ceÌ?lulas nervosas.
+Ciro minimizou a estimativa de inflaçaÌ?o de 3% em outubro, de acordo com a Fipe. «A proÌ?pria Fipe preveÌ? que em novembro isso tudo passa e a inflaçaÌ?o cai», disse. Na segunda seguinte, o dia 4 ao dia 8, os bancos ficaraÌ?o abertos ateÌ? uma hora apoÌ?s o expediente normal, apenas dez delegacias regionais do Banco Central e em ageÌ?ncias do Banco do Brasil encarregadas de entregar o real aos demais bancos.
+O funcionamento eÌ? bastante simples. O cliente passaraÌ? seu cartaÌ?o de deÌ?bito ou de creÌ?dito Bradesco Visa no terminal da empresa conveniada e fixaraÌ? as datas de pagamento de suas compras. Na data acordada, os computadores do Bradesco debitaraÌ?o (saque) a conta do cliente e creditaraÌ?o (depcsito) a empresa vendedora.
+A Fenasoft deixou de ser um reduto de especialistas em informaÌ?tica para atrair tambeÌ?m quem pretendia comprar o primeiro computador. «Estou comprando o micro -- o portaÌ?til Aero, da Compaq -- para acelerar as pesquisas da minha tese de mestrado», disse Deborah Caldas. Enquanto isso (ou entrementes, como nas antigas histoÌ?rias em quadrinho), o ex-governador ACM descola suntuoso empreÌ?stimo para socorrer os cacaueiros da Bahia, quatro anos de careÌ?ncia, juros de 2% subsidiados, um empreÌ?stimo de pai (governo) para filho (fazendeiros).
+ Da Reportagem Local
+ Corte dos salaÌ?rios dos deputados depende da CaÌ?mara; congressistas recebem CR$ 83 mil por dia de trabaho
+O Santos volta a viver um clima tenso para o proÌ?ximo jogo, domingo contra o Santo AndreÌ?, em busca da primeira vitoÌ?ria no Campeonato Paulista. O teÌ?cnico Pepe, irritado com a atuaçaÌ?o do time no empate em 1 a 1 com Ituano anteontem, disse «que estaÌ? faltando tranquilidade e talento aos jogadores». Pepe ainda tem esperança que o centroavante Guga renove o seu contrato, vencido em 31 de dezembro.
+«O banco me deu o filho que eu naÌ?o podia gerar», diz o empresaÌ?rio Heitor, 27, pai do primeiro bebeÌ? nascido com a ajuda de um doador no Albert Einstein. Como FHC repetiu ontem que o Nordeste seraÌ? a regiaÌ?o «prioritaÌ?ria» para irrigaçaÌ?o, a expectativa eÌ? de que a versaÌ?o final do programa diminua a meta nacional. Em entrevista exclusiva aÌ? Folha, FHC disse que a irrigaçaÌ?o de 100 mil hectares por ano poderaÌ? gerar 1,2 milhaÌ?o de empregos nos quatro anos de governo.
+O caÌ?mbio ficou mais longo para aproveitar melhor o torque em baixas rotaçoÌ?es. O componente mudou, mas continua com o curso da alavanca longo demais, embora proporcionando engates precisos. PreÌ?dio Caetano de Campos faz 100 anos em SP
+A uÌ?nica alternativa para evitar de imediato praÌ?ticas abusivas eÌ? uma poliÌ?tica monetaÌ?ria restritiva. O uso da taxa de juro evitaria um aumento de consumo. Com os juros altos, as pessoas continuariam aplicando sua poupança no mercado financeiro ao inveÌ?s de consumir bens.
+Afinal, ateÌ? um arquiconservador eÌ? hoje capaz de ironizar:
+Todos saÌ?o arbitros. As mulheres podem arbitrar e bandeirar os jogos sem qualquer problema», afirmou o dirigente. Mendes disse existir a necessidade de se aumentar o nuÌ?mero de mulheres apitando partidas de futebol.
+O CMN analisou o fim da obrigatoriedade de compra de tiÌ?tulos puÌ?blicos pelos fundos de pensaÌ?o, o balanço semestral do Banco Central e novas regras para balanços de bancos federais. LuiÌ?s de Freitas espera liquidar «todas» as camisas jaÌ? neste primeiro momento de vendas, antes do iniÌ?cio dos jogos:
+ Atlante
+AÌ?s vezes ateÌ? me pergunto: bloquear o governo por chantagem naÌ?o se constitui em falta de decoro parlamentar?
+NaÌ?o haÌ? duvida: a astronomia lucrou um bocado com a superstiçaÌ?o oriental. Na Europa, o grau de superstiçaÌ?o naÌ?o era menor. Bastava uma estrela cadente riscar o ceÌ?u para que os romanos e naÌ?o apenas os romanos começassem a fazer conjeturas sobre o futuro, geralmente pessimistas.
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+ Vozes: Eduardo Fortunato, CleÌ?o Morais e outros
+Isso foi o que aconteceu frente aÌ? RomeÌ?nia. Acabaram passando por maus bocados. A RomeÌ?nia naÌ?o eÌ? nada no contexto mundial, mas tendo em conta o baixiÌ?ssimo niÌ?vel futeboliÌ?stico, qualquer um pode ter sua oportunidade.
+Doze reÌ?plicas dos «Bichos», feitos a partir de originais criados por Lygia Clark nos anos 60, viraÌ?o acompanhados da placa «Favor Tocar. Please Touch». O puÌ?blico poderaÌ? manipular as placas de metal, articuladas por dobradiças.
+O pagode, que eÌ? a nova modinha dos playboys naÌ?o paÌ?ra de tocar assim como naÌ?o param de surgir boas bandas desse geÌ?nero. O rock/metal brasileiro nunca foi esquecido por raÌ?dios que se denominam as «RaÌ?dio Rocks», a 89 FM e a 97,7 e bandas com TitaÌ?s e Sepultura sempre tiveram seu lugar na programaçaÌ?o. A homenagem a Guarnieri começa hoje com um concerto da Orquestra SinfoÌ?nica da USP, sob regeÌ?ncia de Ronaldo Bolonha, que vai apresentar «Ponteio nº 33» e «Seresta para Piano e Orquestra de CaÌ?mara».
+AmanhaÌ? a Rede Bandeirantes faz mais um debate entre os candidatos a presidente da RepuÌ?blica. Desta vez, nada de AssociaçaÌ?o Comercial, de ConfereÌ?ncia dos Bispos, de Ordem dos Advogados. Como pediu Lula, ontem no Jornal de Domingo, que fez propaganda do programa:
+ A SEMANA QUE ANTECEDE A PROVA
+Bobby Fischer eÌ? seu iÌ?dolo, e seu talento para o xadrez pode levaÌ?-lo a ser um campeaÌ?o, mas pode tambeÌ?m tornaÌ?-lo um recluso, quase um autista, sem amigos, namoradas, esportes ou brincadeiras. Victor diz ainda ter sido informado de que este projeto visava poÌ?r em dia as aposentadorias. «JaÌ? vi nesta seçaÌ?o da Folha casos em que a demora foi de um ano e um meÌ?s e de um ano e oito meses.
+A proposta tambeÌ?m obriga os secretaÌ?rios estaduais a abrirem maÌ?o do sigilo quando tomarem posse. Quanto aÌ?s elites, nada a opor ateÌ? aÌ? mais dura criÌ?tica contra elas. Mas a «povolatria» estaÌ? completamente fora do lugar.
+Os dois sorriam quando Lula foi abordado pelos repoÌ?rteres. Mussum contrai infecçaÌ?o hospitalar
+Foi esse o mesmo problema enfrentado pelos quatro grupos indiÌ?genas da PatagoÌ?nia, que culminou com seu massacre. Acostumados a caçar os ariscos guanacos, os nativos passaram a se servir dos doÌ?ceis rebanhos de carneiros introduzidos pelos fazendeiros e, consequentemente, a ser perseguidos por estes uÌ?ltimos. Outra data acertada eÌ? a da inauguraçaÌ?o da segunda etapa da Linha Vermelha, no Rio de Janeiro, dia 11 de setembro.
+As partidas estaÌ?o mais disputadas. Os defensores desarmaram mais: 158 desarmes (meÌ?dia por time) contra 148 na primeira fase. Essa maior disposiçaÌ?o pode ser a causa do aumento na meÌ?dia das faltas (de 30 para 32) e dos cartoÌ?es amarelos (4,1 para 5,2) por jogo.
+Coube ao seu fisicultor privado, Daniel Cerrini, a ele sugerido pelo presidente Carlos Menem, correr a cidade em busca de mais caixas. A estaçaÌ?o tem dois conectores padraÌ?o PCMCIA (para cartoÌ?es do tamanho de um cartaÌ?o de creÌ?dito) e seis conectores para placas para ligaçaÌ?o em rede, por exemplo. TambeÌ?m tem espaço para colocaçaÌ?o interna de um acionador de CD-ROM ou outro perifeÌ?rico de 5,25 polegadas.
+O roqueiro Raul Seixas foi chamado a depor no Deops para explicar a letra de protesto da muÌ?sica «Ouro de tolo». Um dos interrogadores lhe perguntou se a muÌ?sica era um ataque ao cantor Roberto Carlos. Seixas disse que o ataque era ao «sistema representado por Roberto Carlos».
+«O Brasil estaÌ? peÌ?ssimo», diziam. «Sim», pensaÌ?vamos, «mas temos o Tom». «Filosofia eÌ? o estudo da melhor maneira de aceitar o fim» (Montaigne).
+ Democracia eÌ? limite de serviço de informaçaÌ?o
+DoÌ?lar comercial (exportaçoÌ?es e importaçoÌ?es): CR$ 792,040 (compra) e CR$ 792,050 (venda). No dia anterior, segundo o Banco Central, o doÌ?lar comercial fechou a CR$ 779,536 (compra) e CR$ 779,546 (venda). «Black»: CR$ 775,00 (compra) e CR$ 780,00 (venda).
+«EÌ? uma briga. Uma gosta de filmes, outra de novelas e outro de desenhos»
+Itamar naÌ?o rebate todas as criÌ?ticas. DaÌ? a seus interlocutores a impressaÌ?o de que concorda com algumas. Reclama tambeÌ?m da falta de «parceria» do Congresso.
+As novas alianças simpatias de classe operavam transfusoÌ?es de experieÌ?ncia social, se eÌ? possiÌ?vel dizer assim, aleÌ?m de combinaçoÌ?es tambeÌ?m novas de forma e conteuÌ?do: a cultura do cineÌ?filo dava de encontro com o movimento camponeÌ?s, o estudante educado no verso modernista se arriscava na muÌ?sica popular etc. NaÌ?o seraÌ? exagero dizer que de laÌ? para caÌ? boa parte da melhor produçaÌ?o em cinema, teatro, muÌ?sica popular e ensaiÌ?smo social deveu o impulso aÌ? quebra meio praÌ?tica e meio imaginaÌ?ria das barreiras de classe, esboçada naqueles anos, a qual demonstrou um incriÌ?vel potencial de estiÌ?mulo. Para o professor cinquentaÌ?o de hoje naÌ?o eÌ? faÌ?cil explicar aos alunos a beleza e o sopro de renovaçaÌ?o e justiça que na eÌ?poca se haviam associado aÌ? palavra democracia (e socialismo).
+Os combustiÌ?veis, telefones e demais preços puÌ?blicos poderaÌ?o ser convertidos ou naÌ?o pela meÌ?dia dos uÌ?ltimos seis meses. A Fazenda ainda naÌ?o negociou com os setores envolvidos o periÌ?odo que seraÌ? usado para se chegar a um preço meÌ?dio. Milton Dallari defendeu ainda o caÌ?lculo pela meÌ?dia, de forma voluntaÌ?ria, para os demais preços privados, inclusive na definiçaÌ?o dos salaÌ?rios.
+ «Farsa»
+Luxemburgo espera naÌ?o perder o jogador. «Ele eÌ? importante para o sucesso do novo estilo do Palmeiras», disse o treinador, apontando nuÌ?meros. «Tivemos dez oportunidades reais de gol e aproveitamos quatro.»
+Na padaria, por exemplo, eu pago CR$ 290,00 ou R$ 0,10 por paÌ?ozinho. Como R$ 1 vale CR$ 2.750,00, eu perco dinheiro ao pagar em cruzeiros.»
+Todo ano haÌ? entressafra, periÌ?odo de menor disponibilidade de determinado produto agriÌ?cola ou pecuaÌ?rio. Quebra de safra, produçaÌ?o menor do que o previsto, eÌ? corriqueira. Mas o aumento de 300% no preço do feijaÌ?o em apenas um meÌ?s, eÌ? um fato sem igual na histoÌ?ria das entressafras como pretextos: eÌ? quase oito vezes mais do que a inflaçaÌ?o no mesmo periÌ?odo.
+O consumidor exigente torna-se a alavanca e o motor nesse processo de melhoria contiÌ?nua da qualidade. Assim eÌ? que a percepçaÌ?o de todas estas coisas vai provocando no consumidor a desmistificaçaÌ?o do conceito de qualidade. O cidadaÌ?o jaÌ? começa a entender que qualidade eÌ? um direito que lhe assiste e pelo qual ele naÌ?o precisa pagar nenhum centavo a mais.
+O fato eÌ? que, juntos, Martin e Candy fazem rir. Empresa inaugura 2
+Exemplo: 250 URVs passam para 250 reais. O aluguel ficaraÌ? congelado por 12 meses a partir da data da conversaÌ?o ou do iniÌ?cio do contrato. Ao final desses 12 meses o aluguel poderaÌ? ser reajustado pelo iÌ?ndice de inflaçaÌ?o previsto no contrato.
+O que representou o aumento de US$ 528,2 mil para US$ 2,6 milhoÌ?es na conversaÌ?o para o doÌ?lar. O parecer foi feito a pedido de Bisol. As duas emendas que teriam rasuras saÌ?o do mesmo valor e para a construçaÌ?o de duas pontes.
+Sinatra perdeu um mercado: o de doentes terminais. O Dudley District Hospital, de Londres proibiu em seu sistema interno de raÌ?dio a muÌ?sica «My Way». Isso porque seus primeiros versos naÌ?o saÌ?o laÌ? muito indicados para quem jaÌ? estaÌ? nas uÌ?ltimas.
+ Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+De acordo com o delegado MauriÌ?lio Moreira, os traficantes foram mortos por resistirem aÌ? prisaÌ?o. Catorze pessoas foram presas nenhuma delas era uma das quatro que estavam sendo procuradas pela poliÌ?cia. HaÌ? ainda resisteÌ?ncias isoladas, como em SaÌ?o Paulo os deputados federais Tuga Angerami e FaÌ?bio Feldman naÌ?o aceitam a aliança.
+ 1º -- PPR-PP
+ Exit (soÌ?taÌ?o escurinho para gays e leÌ?sbicas)
+Science -- NaÌ?o!
+Suas palavras podem perder o sentido do dia para a noite. Este artigo pode agora estar sofrendo exatamente disso. Faça chuva, faça sol, deu a louca na loÌ?gica do futebol.
+O proÌ?prio presidente da RepuÌ?blica definira com precisaÌ?o, na semana passada, os paraÌ?metros de negociaçaÌ?o: o governo deveria atender o que fosse possiÌ?vel das reivindicaçoÌ?es, mas naÌ?o poderia chegar a um ponto que comprometesse o programa de estabilizaçaÌ?o. Estradas devem lotar das 15h aÌ?s 22h
+O suspense durou por treÌ?s voltas da corrida. Logo depois, Schumacher, que jaÌ? havia deixado seu carro, mas ainda se encontrava no local do acidente, se percebeu campeaÌ?o quando torcedores, fiscais e a voz que saiÌ?a dos alto-falantes começaram a festejaÌ?-lo. Aos poucos, o semblante do piloto foi se transformando e um sorriso apareceu.
+Damon Hill e sua equipe, a Williams, aÌ? eÌ?poca, naÌ?o fizeram nenhum comentaÌ?rio sobre o ocorrido, muito menos apelaram do resultado da prova. Para Ruth, os pefelistas «perceberam que naÌ?o dava para fazer tudo na base da fisiologia». Em outra ocasiaÌ?o, Ruth insinuara uma reprovaçaÌ?o poliÌ?tica ao ex-governador baiano AntoÌ?nio Carlos MagalhaÌ?es.
+PivoÌ? de uma briga que envolveu diversos jogadores do Palmeiras e do SaÌ?o Paulo, haÌ? treÌ?s semanas, Edmundo tem um duplo desafio hoje. O primeiro: provar que a confusaÌ?o no Morumbi que lhe valeu uma puniçaÌ?o de quatro jogos e 30 dias pela ComissaÌ?o Disciplinar da CBF, momentaneamente suspensa pelo efeito suspensivo obtido pelo Palmeiras «faz parte do passado», como ele afirmou. «As investigaçoÌ?es foram raÌ?pidas em razaÌ?o das confissoÌ?es.
+O edifiÌ?cio Ilhas Gregas ficou com as obras paralisadas durante 16 anos. A imobiliaÌ?ria Nova York, que fez parte da liquidaçaÌ?o extrajudicial do grupo Lume, vendeu o preÌ?dio para a Erevan Engenharia, que terminou a obra em 92. COMO FICOU
+ NA TV
+O PSDB conseguiu nas uÌ?ltimas semanas a adesaÌ?o de um grande nuÌ?mero de filiados que teÌ?m um traço comum: a diversidade ideoloÌ?gica. O crescimento aumenta as chances eleitorais do partido, mas traz a ameaça de descaracterizaçaÌ?o que jaÌ? atingiu o PMDB e, ironicamente, estaÌ? na origem da proÌ?pria criaçaÌ?o do PSDB. Sol em doses progressivas evita vermelhidaÌ?o
+A Copene encerrou o primeiro semestre registrando uma reduçaÌ?o do endividamento em R$ 62 milhoÌ?es. Atribui aÌ?s melhores condiçoÌ?es do mercado petroquiÌ?mico e aÌ? recuperaçaÌ?o dos preços de exportaçaÌ?o. Mas a humanidade soÌ? conhece 1% dos cometas e asteroÌ?ides que podem oferecer risco a sua sobreviveÌ?ncia.
+O fotoÌ?grafo italiano Oliviero Toscani, criador das campanhas publicitaÌ?rias da Benetton, eÌ? um homem de escaÌ?ndalos. Da claÌ?ssica propaganda da United Colors, que marcou o iniÌ?cio da «world culture», aÌ? controvertida imagem do «HIV positivo», Toscani sucessivamente chocou, surpreendeu e escandalisou. Filho de um repoÌ?rter-fotograÌ?fico de MilaÌ?o, ele começou sua carreira trabalhando para revistas de moda, como «Elle» e «Vogue».
+ Da enviada especial
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+Mas eÌ? preciso dizer a elas que naÌ?o vaÌ?o ter a terra por muito tempo. Folha -- Por queÌ??
+O Vasco naÌ?o vai apresentar apoÌ?lice de seguro de vida do atacante Dener, morto na semana passada, porque naÌ?o fez o seguro. Seu vice-presidente de futebol, Eurico Miranda, afirmou ontem aÌ? Folha que o clube ignorou artigo do contrato de empreÌ?stimo que assinou com a Portuguesa. PM aprende idioma para orientar turista
+Folha -- Por que, entaÌ?o, essa criança o acusa?
+SaÌ?o as duas opçoÌ?es com prazo de remuneraçaÌ?o de um dia. Dependendo da taxa de administraçaÌ?o cobrada pelo banco, a rentabilidade pode ser ateÌ? maior. As fezes dos gatos soÌ? transmitem o protozoaÌ?rio apoÌ?s duas semanas de exposiçaÌ?o ao meio ambiente.
+Fiscais do Procon autuaram ontem quatro estabelecimentos comerciais de Sorocaba (87 km a oeste de SaÌ?o Paulo) por atraso na entrega de mercadorias. A blitz foi realizada das 9h aÌ?s 16h. Ontem foram visitados 12 estabelecimentos denunciados por consumidores.
+Em tempo: Planalto revela que o Plano FHC vai trazer muitos votos. Pro Lula. RararaÌ?!
+EÌ? sobre um homem que pregava diariamente em uma praça por maior solidariedade, sem que fosse ouvido. Um dia, um viajante aborda esse homem e questiona por que ele naÌ?o desiste, jaÌ? que ningueÌ?m o ouve. «Se eu desistir, eles eÌ? que teraÌ?o me modificado», responde o pregador.
+Com a colaboraçaÌ?o da Anistia Internacional e das lojas Body Shop as mais politicamente corretas do mundo. A Embaixada do Brasil jaÌ? tomou conhecimento e as devidas provideÌ?ncias. As empresas que participaram da concorreÌ?ncia da CRT (Cia Riograndense de TelecomunicaçoÌ?es) para implantaçaÌ?o de 160 mil telefones no Rio Grande do Sul teraÌ?o que apresentar hoje novas propostas de preços.
+Rocha afirma que o projeto de transposiçaÌ?o das aÌ?guas do rio de SaÌ?o Francisco beneficiaraÌ? 8 milhoÌ?es de pessoas nos Estados da ParaiÌ?ba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte e CearaÌ?. A primeira etapa do projeto, avaliada em US$ 600 milhoÌ?es, deveraÌ? estar pronta em julho de 95, irrigando 116 mil hectares. O empreÌ?stimo do Banco do Brasil eÌ? a alternativa para a auseÌ?ncia de recursos no Orçamento de 94, ainda em tramitaçaÌ?o no Congresso.
+ Blindex
+Ficou um dia no SOS e prometeu que naÌ?o furtaria mais.»
+Ele acha que a equipe fica mais ofensiva com Mazinho porque o jogador eÌ? melhor do que Dunga na armaçaÌ?o. «Mas Dunga eÌ? titular.»
+ Evento reuÌ?ne artistas internacionais durante 75 dias
+As cidades que sediaraÌ?o jogos da Copa do Mundo aguardam com ansiedade os turistas do mundo todo para oferecer-lhes uma gama enorme de shows de strip-tease e outros produtos «sexuais». A aflueÌ?ncia dos turistas deve aquecer o chamado «mercado eroÌ?tico». As cidades de Nova York e San Francisco saÌ?o as que mais oferecem atraçoÌ?es.
+Estava acompanhado pela orquestra de Woody Herman quando o vi cantar pela uÌ?ltima vez, em 1985, durante o flutuante festival de jazz que o navio Norway organiza todos os anos por algumas ilhas do Caribe. MagniÌ?fico. Quando chegava a madrugada, ele dava uma canja no bar, tocando bateria, instrumento que domina com o «aplomb» de um profissional.
+A de PeleÌ? era de 0,82 41 gols em suas primeiras 50 partidas. La ChimeÌ?re, 235-6888 -- Lotada; US$ 83 (CR$ 30,7 mil). Lagostim, (021) 275-2018 -- US$ 700 (CR$ 259 mil), sete noites; US$ 100 (CR$ 37 mil).
+Os pratos do Kit ReÌ?veillon do Petit ComiteÌ? servem duas ou ateÌ? quatro pessoas. Dentre as opçoÌ?es de pratos quentes, estaÌ?o a lazanha de gorgonzola e espinafre e o linguado ao molho de ervas. O preço do kit eÌ? R$ 55.
+Os recursos saÌ?o do BNDES/Finame (programa de financiamento para maÌ?quinas e equipamentos). Autor de «CriÌ?tica da RazaÌ?o CiÌ?nica», Peter Sloterdjik fez trocentas ligaçoÌ?es de Salvador para seus anfitrioÌ?es no encontro-cabeça do Banco Nacional, Waly SalomaÌ?o e AntoÌ?nio CiÌ?cero. Totalmente alucinado com o pacote Pelourinho, sol e mar.
+O estoque de imoÌ?veis para locaçaÌ?o este meÌ?s na cidade de SaÌ?o Paulo eÌ? o menor desde janeiro de 92, quando entrou em vigor a Lei do Inquilinato. A afirmaçaÌ?o eÌ? de JoseÌ? Roberto Graiche, presidente da AABIC (AssociaçaÌ?o das Administradoras de Bens ImoÌ?veis e CondomiÌ?nios de SaÌ?o Paulo). Segundo ele, «o ano começa com oferta de apenas 2.500 a 3.000 imoÌ?veis para alugar e a situaçaÌ?o pode ficar pior com o aumento da inflaçaÌ?o».
+ Jornal Nacional
+Vou lutar por ela» ou «Sr. prefeito por favor, deixe Pinheiros como estaÌ?. NaÌ?o destrua nossa tradiçaÌ?o principalmente nossa casa de mais de 40 anos». «HaÌ? muitas pessoas idosas, que estaÌ?o apavoradas.
+Aos 21 anos de idade, oito deles atuando em teatro, Delano Avelar estaÌ? encantado com seu primeiro papel na televisaÌ?o:
+Folha Qual sua expectativa em relaçaÌ?o aÌ?s outras acusaçoÌ?es (coaçaÌ?o e corrupçaÌ?o de testemunha e supressaÌ?o de documentos)?
+ O show que acontece no saÌ?bado naÌ?o seraÌ? um 'revival' da turneÌ? de 1976, diz o diretor da Bandeirantes
+O Itamaraty tambeÌ?m reconheceu ontem haver um «desconforto» do governo brasileiro com a «atitude descorteÌ?s» do presidente Carlos Menem de lançar a candidatura do presidente mexicano Salinas de Gortari aÌ? diretoria da OMC. O cancelamento da visita de Cavallo abala ainda mais as relaçoÌ?es diplomaÌ?ticas entre Brasil e Argentina, estremecidas durante a ConfereÌ?ncia. O vigia afirmou que quatro dos oito homens estavam armados.
+ DOMINGO
+«Acho que quatro pontos neste grupo equivalem a seis em qualquer outro.»
+A associaçaÌ?o dos lojistas da rua naÌ?o planeja ampliar o horaÌ?rio de funcionamento das lojas e naÌ?o preparou nenhuma programaçaÌ?o especial para a semana que antecede o Dia das MaÌ?es. SaÌ?o os funcionaÌ?rios dos niÌ?veis hieraÌ?rquicos de gerente, analista e auxiliar para cima. A ideÌ?ia, no entanto, eÌ? levar o programa a todos os 2.500 funcionaÌ?rios do banco no paiÌ?s.
+ «The New York Times», de Nova York
+Paulo Maluf vence a convençaÌ?o do PDS que, rachado, forma a Frente Liberal, base para eleiçaÌ?o de Tancredo Neves. O presidente eleito morre, assume JoseÌ? Sarney. Entramos numa Constituinte, uma longa discussaÌ?o sobre o tamanho do mandato presidencial e uma CPI da CorrupçaÌ?o.
+Segundo a Companhia de Engenharia de TraÌ?fego (CET), a falta de acostamentos no MinhocaÌ?o pode gerar alguns problemas quando o traÌ?nsito no local for aberto aos oÌ?nibus. VeiÌ?culos acidentados ou quebrados podem causar congestionamentos que afetariam tambeÌ?m outras vias importantes. Cassandra Wilson mostra fusoÌ?es acuÌ?sticas no auge de sua carreira
+O emaranhado legal que se tornou a questaÌ?o do creÌ?dito impede que se continue a adiar determinadas definiçoÌ?es. OUTROS
+ Campanha na TV
+Comemorou a renuÌ?ncia de Walter Queiroz, ex-candidato do PRN aÌ? PresideÌ?ncia. Queiroz recusou-se a servir de «ventriÌ?loquo» para Collor no horaÌ?rio eleitoral gratuito. Terminou expulso do PRN.
+ Derek Warwick (ING/Footwork)
+O choque entre uma frente fria e a massa de ar quente que estava sobre o litoral paulista foi a causa da chuva deste uÌ?ltimo fim-de-semana uma das maiores que aconteceram na Baixada Santista nos uÌ?ltimos anos. Segundo o Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet), em dois dias no saÌ?bado e domingo o iÌ?ndice pluviomeÌ?trico de Santos foi de 121 mm, quase igual ao total registrado no meÌ?s de janeiro em 93: 172 mm. Se houver parcelamento, a primeira quota venceraÌ? em 13 de janeiro, sem correçaÌ?o.
+Mas foi tambeÌ?m o começo do fim do SaÌ?o Paulo. Sim, porque se o primeiro tempo tivesse terminado com o Guarani em vantagem, TeleÌ? teria feito no intervalo as substituiçoÌ?es que as circunstaÌ?ncias exigiam: Palhinha e Caio, nos lugares de Euller e Sierra. Isso naÌ?o evitaria o tricolor de tomar o segundo, o terceiro e talvez o quarto.
+As eleiçoÌ?es parlamentares teÌ?m tido abstençaÌ?o meÌ?dia de 66%. Folha -- Como voceÌ? aplica um procedimento de acaso aÌ? coreografia?
+O procurador-geral, aliaÌ?s, naÌ?o estaÌ? bem informado nem sobre as folhas que o inspiraram. Ao confirmar a falsificaçaÌ?o em uma delas, disse que «o governador (Nilo Batista) aparece uma vez como N.B., com o Batista completado a maÌ?o, a laÌ?pis». Nada disso, ningueÌ?m escreveu Batista.
+Seis jornalistas e colaboradores da Folha teraÌ?o seus livros lançados na 13ª Bienal do Livro. Gilberto Dimenstein, diretor da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia e membro do Conselho Editorial do jornal, autografa no domingo, 21, seu livro «Como NaÌ?o Ser Enganado nas EleiçoÌ?es», no estande nº 147, da AÌ?tica. A Siciliano publica «Sexta-Feira, Folha», coletaÌ?nea de artigos do senador JoseÌ? Sarney (PMDB-AP) na Folha, e «As FeÌ?meas», seleçaÌ?o de croÌ?nicas do escritor Marcelo Rubens Paiva editadas no «Folhateen».
+ MamiÌ?fero usou patas para entrar na aÌ?gua, haÌ? pelo menos 52 milhoÌ?es de anos
+Presidencial!
+Chico Vigilante (PT), que aparece como um dos deputados mais votados do Distrito Federal, jaÌ? anunciou qual seraÌ? seu primeiro projeto na nova legislatura: o fim do voto obrigatoÌ?rio. Foi isto o que seus eleitores lhe pediram. As fronteiras manteÌ?m seus antigos problemas juriÌ?dicos, ainda tratadas como zona de segurança nacional.
+Ednelson entra na lateral e Adoilson volta ao meio-campo. A uÌ?nica duÌ?vida de Minelli envolve o substituto de Edinho Baiano na zaga. O teÌ?cnico estaÌ? entre Luciano e Ageu.
+Durante as festas na Xut, os convidados recebem um convite para participar gratuitamente de uma aula para conhecer o meÌ?todo da escola. A vitoÌ?ria do candidato tucano reforçou expectativas favoraÌ?veis quanto aÌ? solidez da nova moeda e aumentou a entrada de doÌ?lares no paiÌ?s, tendeÌ?ncia que deve se acentuar em funçaÌ?o do otimismo com as perspectivas do Brasil no meÌ?dio e longo prazos. O cenaÌ?rio certamente naÌ?o seria este caso tivesse sido outro o resultado da recente eleiçaÌ?o presidencial.
+ LeaÌ?o da Montanha
+De CR$ 10 mil a CR$ 100 mil, foi arredondada uma casa decimal. E acima de CR$ 100 mil, duas casas decimais. O lateral Paulinho se machucou no mesmo jogo e tambeÌ?m naÌ?o atua contra o UniaÌ?o.
+ Inpe (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais)
+ Procurar gafes na TV vira 'hobby' no paiÌ?s
+Filiado ao pequeno PDC, recebeu o apoio da UDN, PTN e PSB. NaÌ?o soÌ? naÌ?o alcançou a maioria em nenhum momento como perdeu rapidamente o apoio dos partidos que o sustentavam. Renunciou sete meses apoÌ?s a posse.
+ Ser carregado eÌ? 'popular', diz FHC
+ Criatividade na EducaçaÌ?o Jogos e DinamizaçaÌ?o de Grupo
+«Ganho uns R$ 400 por meÌ?s», diz. Para marocas de fino trato, dispostas a desembolsar cerca de US$ 600 por par. Catavento
+Para Steve Schofield, um dos autores do relatoÌ?rio, no Reino Unido «o que se requeria eÌ? uma compensaçaÌ?o para os cortes de gastos com defesa, mas isso naÌ?o ocorreu. Os cortes foram engolidos no 'buraco negro' das necessidades de financiamento do setor puÌ?blico». Em todo o Ocidente, diz Schofield, a incapacidade de criar novos empregos para compensar aqueles que foram perdidos na induÌ?stria de defesa estaÌ? provocando hostilidade em relaçaÌ?o ao proÌ?prio desarmamento.
+ De Washington
+ Site: locais onde ficam as antenas e transmissores das empresas de telecomunicaçoÌ?es
+«A Brahma aprovou o projeto e a prefeitura jaÌ? deu o alvaraÌ?», afirma Rodolpho Dini, 59, diretor do EscritoÌ?rio TeÌ?cnico JuÌ?lio Neves. A Commercial Properties e a Central de Projetos fizeram, por conta proÌ?pria, um esboço com preÌ?dios de escritoÌ?rios, shopping center, hotel e centro de convençoÌ?es. A explosaÌ?o ocorre um dia apoÌ?s a assinatura de acordo entre Israel e JordaÌ?nia e mais de uma semana depois de atentado semelhante ter destruiÌ?do um centro judaico em Buenos Aires.
+Mauro divide um quarto no hotel Villa Felice, em Los Gatos (Estado da CalifoÌ?rnia), com o goleiro Zetti. Passam a maior parte do tempo ouvindo muÌ?dsica. O projeto da secretaria, se aprovado pelo prefeito, deve abrir concorreÌ?ncia puÌ?blica nos proÌ?ximos meses.
+Schultz tem o saque mais veloz do circuito feminino e quer tirar proveito dele no piso raÌ?pido de Nova York. Completam a lista de participantes do torneio Conchita Martinez (Espanha), Kimiko Date (JapaÌ?o), Mary Pierce (França), Iva Majoli (CroaÌ?cia), Natalia Zvereva (Belarus), Lindsay Davenport (EUA), Sabine Hack e Anke Huber (Alemanha), Jana Novotna (Rep. Tcheca) e Amanda Coetzer (AÌ?frica do Sul).
+ Da Reportagem Local
+A prestaçaÌ?o sobe em dezembro porque o contrato preveÌ? o repasse apoÌ?s 30 dias. Boa parte dos contratos preveÌ? 60 dias. Para o governador, o PT se esgotou historicamente e deveraÌ? ter uma votaçaÌ?o ridiÌ?cula, naÌ?o repetindo o desempenho de 89.
+«No Estado positivo idealizado por Augusto Comte o poder espiritual estaria com os socioÌ?logos e o poder temporal com os industriais. Examinando o ministeÌ?rio de EÌ?fe AgaÌ? conclui-se que Comte, afinal, naÌ?o tem muita razaÌ?o para se agitar no tuÌ?mulo.»
+O Conselho Regional de FarmaÌ?cias do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo vai requerer aÌ? Secretaria Municipal de SauÌ?de de Campinas a interdiçaÌ?o da Drogaria Avenida, na regiaÌ?o oeste de Campinas. Anteontem, a Folha conseguiu encomendar o remeÌ?dio Cytotec, utilizado para provocar aborto, na Drogaria Avenida e na Drogaria Dominique (regiaÌ?o central). Gaiola
+ Da Reportagem Local
+Nas ageÌ?ncias bancaÌ?rias, a rentabilidade para aplicaçoÌ?es abaixo de R$ 1 milhaÌ?o foi bem menor do que os 3,06% da poupança, que superou a rentabilidade liÌ?quida meÌ?dia, apoÌ?s os impostos, dos fundos de commodities (2,98%). A rentabilidade liÌ?quida meÌ?dia dos fundos de renda fixa tradicionais (2,39%) foi influenciada pelos baixos rendimentos de dois dos maiores fundos (Fundo de AplicaçaÌ?o Nacional, do Banco Nacional, e Ras, do Banco Safra). COPA E ELEIÇOÌ?ES PROMETEM AGITAR 94, NELSON ROCCO.
+Por exemplo, 80% dos candidatos a governador e ao Senado Federal teÌ?m niÌ?vel superior completo. Para deputado federal este iÌ?ndice cai para 64% e, para deputado estadual, chega a 52%. Raça contra raça, brancos contra mulatos, negros contra aÌ?rabes haÌ? quem tenda a ver na Copa do Mundo uma espeÌ?cie de teste geneÌ?tico.
+ Em SaÌ?o Paulo
+«NaÌ?o existe suporte de recursos (...) jaÌ? que conforme mencionado retromencionado, o rendimento auferido pelo parlamentar de suas funçoÌ?es puÌ?blicas, totaliza US$ 457 mil (de 88 a 92). Renda, portanto, incapaz de financiar o volume de apostas referidas, que foi o de US$ 10.037.680.»
+DileÌ?a Frate, diretora do «JoÌ? Soares Onze e Meia» lança dia 30 seu primeiro livro infantil, «Procura-se Hugo». Lançado pela Ediouro, o livro tem ilustraçoÌ?es de Eva Furnari. Ibope crescer
+ Empresa quer atrair usuaÌ?rio 'Windows'. A companhia de software SCO, dos Estados Unidos, lança programa para integrar sistemas de computaçaÌ?o
+Assustados pelos boatos de que a empresa estaÌ? prestes a ir para o ralo, eles protestaram em frente ao preÌ?dio do SBT, com cartazes do tipo:
+ALDAIÌ?ZA SPOSATI, 47, eÌ? vereadora do PT em SaÌ?o Paulo e professora-titular de poÌ?s-graduaçaÌ?o em Serviço Social na PontifiÌ?cia Universidade CatoÌ?lica de SaÌ?o Paulo. Amin inicia campanha com ataque aÌ? aliança PSDB-PFL
+ Tapioca
+O mecanismo eÌ? psicoloÌ?gico. Nossas chances saÌ?o as mesmas, ou piores; o preÌ?mio sempre eÌ? oÌ?timo de qualquer jeito. Mas, quando a Sena acumula, tudo parece orientar-se rumo a uma grande vitoÌ?ria; a algo excepcional, a um lance de sorte jamais visto.
+ Quando: estreÌ?ia hoje; de quinta a domingo, aÌ?s 24h
+Os uruguaios querem manter produtos que podem ser importados com isençaÌ?o de impostos para exportaçaÌ?o posterior. O mais cotado para ocupar o posto de capitaÌ?o no jogo de hoje aÌ? noite eÌ? o zagueiro Ricardo Rocha. AteÌ? ontem aÌ?s 17h (21h em BrasiÌ?lia), Rocha ainda dependia de confirmaçaÌ?o do meÌ?dico LiÌ?dio Toledo sobre suas condiçoÌ?es fiÌ?sicas.
+ Computadores de mesa ganham versaÌ?o compacta; modelos com chip 386SX custam a partir de 895 URVs
+Em pelo menos treÌ?s casos, execuçoÌ?es premeditadas e covardes realizadas por pessoas pagas para fazer respeitar a lei. Ministro do ExeÌ?rcito reuÌ?ne-se com Alto Comando e defende democracia
+Em primeiro lugar, passava a dispor, para efeito de confronto histoÌ?rico e consequente apreciaçaÌ?o criÌ?tica, de um termo de comparaçaÌ?o privilegiado, o foco original do sistema cultural em questaÌ?o, a literatura, estudada pelo mesmo Antonio Candido na sua funçaÌ?o de princiÌ?pio organizativo central de revelaçaÌ?o e sondagem da experieÌ?ncia brasileira. SeleçaÌ?o feminina busca pivoÌ? nos EUA
+Folha -- Como o sr. avalia a gestaÌ?o de Dal Pozzo como procurador-geral de Justiça?
+Bonito. Da proÌ?xima vez, naÌ?o tome um oÌ?nibus. Tome um banho frio.
+Os seÌ?rvios manteÌ?m o bloqueio de aÌ?gua, gaÌ?s, eletricidade e mantimentos a Sarajevo. Cerca de 1.700 muçulmanos foram expulsos ontem do territoÌ?rio ocupado pelos seÌ?rvios, no nordeste da BoÌ?snia. The Wall Street Journal De Nova York
+ * «Amor de PerdiçaÌ?o», de Camilo Castelo Branco
+Segundo ele, nos uÌ?ltimos dois anos duas pessoas solicitaram a licença, incluindo SiÌ?lvia. Os criteÌ?rios para aceitar ou naÌ?o o pedido baseiam-se, de modo geral, na avaliaçaÌ?o do potencial do profissional, no periÌ?odo durante o qual a empresa pode prescindir dele e das condiçoÌ?es de regresso aÌ? organizaçaÌ?o. (CRM)
+O gerente da Casa Centro, Fernando Alfredo Lapava, disse que as vendas ficaram 40% abaixo do esperado. Entre 17h30 e 19h, naÌ?o houve congestionamento nas entradas do shopping. Alguns blocos do primeiro piso do estacionamento saÌ?o treÌ?s no total estavam completamente vazios.
+Talvez. Nathan Lane, o atual, eÌ? bom. Mas que tal o proÌ?prio Frank Loesser e sua voz de Gene Kelly?
+A partir de dezembro, o sotaque portugueÌ?s vai estar no ar. O sateÌ?lite russo Express 2 vai transmitir a programaçaÌ?o da RTPI (RaÌ?dio e TelevisaÌ?o Portuguesa Internacional) para todo o Brasil. Para pegar os mais de 80 jogos do campeonato portugueÌ?s de futebol e mais de 80 filmes portugueses que seraÌ?o transmitidos por ano, basta apontar a paraboÌ?lica a 14 graus leste, canal 15 na frequeÌ?ncia 4.025 Mhz.
+O corte dos descontos, que bateram a casa de 60% no meÌ?s passado, e a subida dos preços deixaram os supermercadistas revoltados. Segundo Firmino Rodrigues Alves, vice-presidente da AssociaçaÌ?o Paulista de Supermercados (Apas), as treÌ?s maiores cervejarias (Kaiser, Brahma e Antarctica) agiram de forma combinada. O assessor especial para preços do MinisteÌ?rio da Fazenda, JoseÌ? Milton Dallari, disse em SaÌ?o JoseÌ? dos Campos (SP) que poderaÌ? acionar as cervejarias com base na Lei de Defesa da ConcorreÌ?ncia se comprovada formaçaÌ?o de cartel para reajustar os preços.
+Um aro de motocicleta desalinhado ou torto pode provocar um acidente grave. E isso pode ser evitado. Em SaÌ?o Paulo, haÌ? lojas especializadas em fazer desde o simples balanceamento ateÌ? o conserto de amassados em rodas de motos.
+O dirigente afirmou que voltaraÌ? a tratar PeleÌ? com afeiçaÌ?o assim que o ex-jogador apresentar desculpas e mostrar que «aprendeu a liçaÌ?o». ApoÌ?s alguns desentendimentos com os outros integrantes da banda, pularam fora e criaram a dupla Ex-Detentos, que lança este meÌ?s seu primeiro disco pelo selo Radical Records. Hoje vivem do rap, mas dizem que naÌ?o se preocupam muito com dinheiro.
+Outra precauçaÌ?o que pode render alguns doÌ?lares de economia eÌ? checar se o seguro do carro alugado eÌ? vaÌ?lido em toda a Europa. Algumas locadoras cobram uma taxa extra para que o seguro continue valendo em outros paiÌ?ses. Disse que descobriu ao escrever «PantaleoÌ?n e as Visitadoras» que o humor podia fazer parte da boa literatura:
+Em primeiro lugar, destina-se aos pacientes que teÌ?m problemas cardiÌ?acos, tomam medicamentos para controle do coraçaÌ?o ou estejam em periÌ?odo poÌ?s-operatoÌ?rio. Segundo ele, poreÌ?m, o aparelho seraÌ? essencial em ambulatoÌ?rios de faÌ?bricas e empresas. Os fechamentos de caÌ?mbio de importaçaÌ?o estaÌ?o superando os de exportaçoÌ?es (em US$ 82,520 milhoÌ?es) e as saiÌ?das de dinheiro para o exterior estaÌ?o superando as entradas (em US$ 92,047 milhoÌ?es).
+ EstuÌ?dios revivem toda a magia do cinema
+Muita tensaÌ?o e violeÌ?ncia marcaram o dia de ontem em Gaza e toda a CisjordaÌ?nia, um dia apoÌ?s o confronto entre a poliÌ?cia palestina e militantes muçulmanos ocorrido em Gaza. O uÌ?ltimo balanço elevou o nuÌ?mero de mortos para 15. Cerca de 250 ficaram feridos.
+Atende os noivos o tempo todo. Resolve rasgo no vestido, salto que descola, sumiço de alianças. Acode ateÌ? desmaios, sem esquecer de limpar o suor dos noivos no altar ou arrumar a gravata que entortou.
+JaÌ? a Manchete mostra em seu canal 100 a partida entre Brasil e Holanda na Copa de 74. O programa começa aÌ?s 14h. «Eu perdi os dedos porque estava usando luvas.
+Onde: CanecaÌ?o (av. Wenceslau BraÌ?s, 215, tel. 021/295-3044, zona sul)
+O filme foi bem recebido pela criÌ?tica e, segundo Corman, procurava capturar com realismo a AmeÌ?rica de seu tempo. Mas eÌ? um dos raros filmes do diretor que fracassou em bilheteria. A Corrida da Morte
+Segundo CloÌ?vis Panzarini, assessor de poliÌ?tica tributaÌ?ria da Secretaria da Fazenda, essa legislaçaÌ?o tem um dispositivo que permite a SaÌ?o Paulo naÌ?o cumprir decisaÌ?o do Confaz (Conselho Nacional de PoliÌ?tica FazendaÌ?ria) desde que outros Estados naÌ?o estejam cumprindo. «NaÌ?o havia motivo para SaÌ?o Paulo cobrar uma carga tributaÌ?ria maior», disse Panzarini. O aumento de 7% para 12% na carga tributaÌ?ria do ICMS foi referendado na uÌ?ltima reuniaÌ?o do Confaz, em dezembro passado.
+Tenho para oferecer um governo com austeridade, deceÌ?ncia, espiÌ?rito puÌ?blico, sem querer ser o maior prefeito ou o salvador da paÌ?tria. INTERINIDADE
+Dirceu disse discordar da avaliaçaÌ?o do juiz Celso Pimentel. Na sua opiniaÌ?o, naÌ?o existe lei que proiÌ?ba a participaçaÌ?o de candidatos ao governo no horaÌ?rio eleitoral de candidatos a deputado. Folha -- O sr. fala que naÌ?o acredita em rupturas e participou de uma das maiores rupturas neste seÌ?culo, que foi o modernismo.
+Meus amigos, meus inimigos, taiÌ? joguinho gostoso de ver: Guarani e Vasco, encontro do bugre da terra com o senhor das conquistas. Max Cavalera diz que naÌ?o pisou na bandeira
+Entre os dias 31 de agosto e 2 de setembro, o programa de PoÌ?s-graduaçaÌ?o em ComunicaçaÌ?o e SemioÌ?tica da PUC realiza o coloÌ?quio «Unidade e Pluralidade: Em Torno da Obra de A.J. Greimas». SeraÌ? discutida a obra do linguista lituano, criador de uma das mais importantes tendeÌ?ncias da semioÌ?tica contemporaÌ?nea. O BC jaÌ? adotou medidas para reduzir o fluxo de entradas.
+De que corpo e de que memoÌ?ria Lygia estaria falando?
+EÌ? por isto que deve ser discutido pela populaçaÌ?o. NaÌ?o pode ser mateÌ?ria exclusiva de iniciados. DaiÌ? deva ser abordado sob oÌ?ticas distintas: funcionabilidade, rentabilidade, suficieÌ?ncia de recursos para o Estado mas, principalmente sob o ponto de vista da justiça fiscal, vale dizer, a distribuiçaÌ?o solidaÌ?ria da carga tributaÌ?ria, segundo o princiÌ?pio constitucional da capacidade contributiva.
+«Daniel Day-Lewis. EÌ? uma coisinha!»
+ ERRAMOS
+Custam CR$ 300,00. Portadores criam abrigo em SP
+ Inferno
+Segundo ele, o PT faz oposiçaÌ?o ao governo que o PSDB integra e isso torna inviaÌ?vel a aproximaçaÌ?o entre os partidos. Vantagem do varejo
+A Agrale estaÌ? lançando os caminhoÌ?es 4.500D e 5.000D, equipados como motores MWM de treÌ?s e quatro cilindros, respectivamente. Possui capacidade de carga entre 2.170 kg e 2.260 kg (dependendo da versaÌ?o) e opçaÌ?o de rodado simples e duplo. MeÌ?xico tem 2 mi de carros roubados dos EUA
+ Rio Grande do Norte 2
+Mais interessante ainda: quem perdeu foram os 10% mais ricos, que viram sua fatia do bolo reduzir-se de 40,7% em 89 para 35,3% em 1993. AteÌ? aiÌ? o lado brilhante da histoÌ?ria. O lado triste: mesmo tendo melhorado sua situaçaÌ?o, os 10% mais pobres ficam com apenas 1,7% da renda, menos do que o 1,9% que detinham em 1980.
+Toda vez que o Sol transita nesse lugar, como agora, ocorrem acidentes, inceÌ?ndios e desgraças», disse. Consultas ao SPC teÌ?m queda de 12,3%. O nuÌ?mero de consultas ao SPC (Serviço de ProteçaÌ?o ao CreÌ?dito) teve queda de 12,3% nos primeiros dez dias de julho.
+ FAÌ?BIO SORMANI
+Todo o desdeÌ?m seraÌ? castigado. Por terem reconquistado o poder de compra, as moedas ficaram com mania de grandeza. Decididas a se livrar do complexo de rejeiçaÌ?o e da sina de chave-de-fenda, teÌ?m prometido miseÌ?rias aÌ?queles que as abandonarem em pires, bolsos e gavetas.
+Folha -- No caso dos 100 (reais) a gente receberia 200 em boÌ?nus. TeoÌ?filo -- Isto. EÌ?.
+ «Kika», de Pedro Almodovar (Espanha)
+Desde o primeiro dia de trabalho, antes mesmo de se dirigir ao posto, todos devem ser educados na «escola do cliente», para que, ao iniciarem suas atividades, estejam conscientes da importaÌ?ncia dada pela empresa ao cliente. 7. Crie um ambiente em que as pessoas se sintam bem
+Os doze maiores que naÌ?o enviaram os documentos aÌ? Receita respondem por 95% do setor, segundo estudos da Fipe/USP. Tourinho, que idealizou a candidatura de Toni Garcia, deteÌ?m a maioria dos votos no partido e foi reeleito presidente do PRN em convençaÌ?o no Rio de Janeiro no uÌ?ltimo final de semana. A bancada entrou com mandado para impugnar a convençaÌ?o, que teria sido convocada pelo diretoÌ?rio com mandato vencido.
+Tomo o radiante exerciÌ?cio criativo de «Nome» para simplificar minha argumentaçaÌ?o. Poderia, eÌ? claro, arrolar aqui peças de Augusto de Campos, Ronaldo Azeredo, Omar Khouri, DeÌ?cio Pignatari, Erthos Albino de Souza e muitos outros especialmente de Augusto, troubadour inter-semioÌ?tico, com seus hologramas e objetos tridimensionais, prestes a lançar em CD uma antologia de suas invençoÌ?es. Mas fico com «Nome» por alguns bons motivos.
+Uma menina de oito anos de idade foi detida apoÌ?s vender heroiÌ?na ultrapura a um policial disfarçado. Policiais de Nanaimo (oeste do CanadaÌ?) investigavam uma casa suspeita de vender drogas quando acharam a menina. «Em 17 anos, nunca vi uma coisa assim», disse um policial.
+«Estima-se que para cada emprego direto gerado pela edificaçaÌ?o habitacional, outros treÌ?s saÌ?o criados em outras atividades», acrescenta o economista. Considerando a existeÌ?ncia de uma oferta extremamente abundante de pessoal naÌ?o-qualificado na economia brasileira, o papel da construçaÌ?o na soluçaÌ?o do problema social eÌ? significativo. Neste momento, aproximou-se o rabino Hillel.
+A aÌ?rea passaraÌ? de 48 para cerca de 110 metros quadrados. Para suprir a falta de gabinetes com a reforma, outros 14 seraÌ?o construiÌ?dos no local onde hoje funciona o serviço meÌ?dico. E teriÌ?amos mais uma partida de um arrastado 0 a 0 (ou um modorrento um a zero, como no ano passado).
+Os EUA suspenderam ontem todos os voÌ?os de seus caças no norte do Iraque por 24 horas para checagem de segurança. Uma equipe começou a investigar a derrubada de dois helicoÌ?pteros americanos por caças dos proÌ?prios EUA anteontem, num acidente que causou 26 mortes. Nas margens do rio Maranguapinho, que corta 35 bairros da zona oeste da cidade, a Defesa Civil calcula que 2.600 pessoas ficaram desabrigadas.
+ Boris Fausto percorre a histoÌ?ria do paiÌ?s ateÌ? Collor em um livro didaÌ?tico e diz que FHC inaugura um novo ciclo poliÌ?tico
+Começa a negociaçaÌ?o. Vigia Seu TeoÌ?filo, esse moço aqui quer falar com o sr. Eles se apresentam como uma alternativa ao chamado «socialismo real» e ao capitalismo.
+ 0h13min49
+Em desagravo vou oferecer um almoço em homenagem a ela no bandejaÌ?o da USP. Sendo que a uÌ?ltima vez que eu estive na USP foi pra passear com o cachorro. RararaÌ?.
+O governo conseguiu arrecadar US$ 4,8 bilhoÌ?es com impostos e contribuiçoÌ?es em janeiro. O ganho de arrecadaçaÌ?o foi de US$ 1,4 bilhoÌ?es em relaçaÌ?o ao mesmo periÌ?odo em 1993 e de US$ 300 milhoÌ?es a mais do que o desempenho de dezembro uÌ?ltimo. O secretaÌ?rio da Receita, Osiris Lopes Filho, atribuiu o resultado ao combate aÌ? evasaÌ?o fiscal, ao aumento no recolhimento da Cofins e aÌ? cobrança do IPMF.
+E tem o Mario Hato «Vote no Hato». NaÌ?o pode ser mais tarde?
+O TSE (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) negou ontem pedido do PDT para substituir os candidatos a deputados federal e estadual nas novas eleiçoÌ?es no Rio. Os candidatos a deputado poderaÌ?o manter a propaganda no raÌ?dio e na televisaÌ?o durante 120 minutos aÌ?s terças, quintas-feiras e aos saÌ?bados. O TSE negou ontem pedido da Abert para que a propaganda fosse suspensa.
+ SecuritizaçaÌ?o do espaço urbano
+Os ingleses acabaram vencendo por 4 a 2 e foram campeoÌ?es. Educador ingleÌ?s quer o fim das provas
+NaÌ?o se chame a isto hipocrisia, mas deceÌ?ncia», escreveu em «Esboço de Retrato», tambeÌ?m incluiÌ?do nesta coletaÌ?nea. AniÌ?bal Machado preferia «conversar a escrever; ouvir a ler» simplesmente porque estava obsessivamente imbuiÌ?do da construçaÌ?o de si mesmo como obra. HaÌ? uma honestidade e fidelidade heroÌ?icas nessa obsessaÌ?o.
+«Vamos fornecer o software desenvolvido no banco para as empresas que quiserem usar tambeÌ?m esse serviço», afirma. Folha VoceÌ? ainda sente dor?
+As ageÌ?ncias dos Correios de Sorocaba iniciaram uma campanha para vender caixas de coleta para correspondeÌ?ncias. O objetivo eÌ? evitar que os carteiros entrem nas casas e sejam atacados por cachorros. Em 92, 12 carteiros foram mordidos e em 93, treÌ?s.
+ 15 e 29/7 -- Na igreja dos MaÌ?rtires (Lisboa)
+Francisca EmiÌ?lia da Silva -- Hoje, aÌ?s 18h, na capela da PUC-SP, rua Monte Alegre, 948, Perdizes. Freire nasceu e foi criado em Aracaju e veio para o Rio jaÌ? adulto, haÌ? 16 anos, segundo o primo. A vereadora Leila Maywald (PV-RJ), que trabalhou com Freire na AtlaÌ?ntica-Boavista e no Bradesco, disse que ele era uma pessoa «cordial e afaÌ?vel, mas muito reservado em sua vida pessoal».
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+Vassoura-de-bruxa eÌ? uma doença causada por um fungo que estaÌ? matando as plantaçoÌ?es de cacau. Brasil obteÌ?m o 3º lugar no revezamento no nado livre
+Entretanto, ela disse ter sido mantida incomunicaÌ?vel , junto a outras pessoas que tambeÌ?m estavam aguardando a extradiçaÌ?o. Foi a alguns restaurantes dos quais naÌ?o lembra o nome e ao shopping Morumbi. «A primeira coisa que fiz quando cheguei no shopping foi comprar a camisa nº 7 da seleçaÌ?o brasileira de futebol na Copa do Mundo, usada por Bebeto.»
+HaÌ? estimativas quanto ao prejuiÌ?zo para os cofres puÌ?blicos provocado pela liberaçaÌ?o irregular da bagagem, mas seu efeito simboÌ?lico eÌ? incomparavelmente maior. A delegaçaÌ?o infelizmente maculou as celebraçoÌ?es do tetra ao corporificar aquela casta acostumada a privileÌ?gios e benesses oficiais alguns jogadores e dirigentes chegaram mesmo ao absurdo de protestar contra a possibilidade de serem vistoriados como brasileiros comuns, enquanto o governo ilustrou de forma escancarada que nem todos saÌ?o iguais perante a lei. Nesse sentido, a firme condenaçaÌ?o aÌ? irregularidade merece ser saudada como um primeiro passo na luta para superar tais desvios e aberraçoÌ?es.
+Morreu em 1923, como consequeÌ?ncia. Morreu?
+Luiz InaÌ?cio Lula da Silva (PT) dedicou o uÌ?ltimo dia de sua campanha presidencial a uma atividade ecoloÌ?gico-eleitoral. Ele testou o seu preparo fiÌ?sico caminhando pela Serra do Mar, em SaÌ?o Paulo. Seus assessores escolheram um trajeto de 6 km no Caminho do Mar uma estrada desativada e muito iÌ?ngreme que liga SaÌ?o Paulo a Santos para o petista percorrer.
+Dentro dessa visaÌ?o, os chamados oligopoÌ?lios cobram menos no Brasil, mas lucram mais aqui do que no exterior. Ronald Rodrigues, diretor de assuntos institucionais da Gessy Lever, acha que os fabricantes das marcas mundiais trouxeram benefiÌ?cios trabalhistas antes inexistentes no paiÌ?s e avalia que aqui os preços saÌ?o menores porque o mercado eÌ? bastante competitivo. EÌ? claro que um papa se ressente do peso do cargo.
+Reconhecem suas falhas, algo que Spielberg naÌ?o faz com tanta evideÌ?ncia. E reconhecem tambeÌ?m com todas as letras que ele os salvou, num mundo em que ningueÌ?m o fazia. NingueÌ?m.
+Entre mulheres com mais de 25 anos haÌ? um forte aumento da taxa de atividade profissional. Para as que estaÌ?o entre 35 e 39 anos, o incremento chega a ser de 25 pontos percentuais. Comportamento
+A OAB (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil) do Rio estuda pedir ao presidente Itamar Franco a decretaçaÌ?o do estado de defesa na segurança puÌ?blica do Rio. A sugestaÌ?o foi feita ontem aÌ? OAB pelo candidato do PSDB ao governo, Marcello Alencar, como forma de «conter a degradaçaÌ?o institucional provocada pelo clima generalizado de violeÌ?ncia». Ao lançar a URV, FHC disse que plano de estabilizaçaÌ?o, se naÌ?o precisa impor arrocho, naÌ?o pode oferecer «distribuiçaÌ?o prematura e ilusoÌ?ria de renda».
+Osiris voltou a anunciar ontem mais uma aumento na arrecadaçaÌ?o de impostos. Segundo o secretaÌ?rio da receita, a arrecadaçaÌ?o de janeiro chegou a US$ 4,6 bilhoÌ?es, o que representa uma crescimento de US$ 100 milhoÌ?es em relaçaÌ?o a dezembro passado. Primeiro, «a forte chuva provocou novo afundamento na avenida Juscelino Kubitschek: a aÌ?gua era tanta que o buraco se transformou numa cachoeira».
+Guerra e elegaÌ?ncia naÌ?o costumam andar aos pares, mas cientistas do LaboratoÌ?rio de Gnotobiologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) conseguiram reuni-las para enfrentar a principal causa de mortalidade entre receÌ?m-nascidos no Brasil, a diarreÌ?ia. No mundo da pesquisa, costuma-se qualificar como «elegantes» as soluçoÌ?es simples e iluminadoras. EÌ? difiÌ?cil encontrar adjetivo melhor para descrever a ideÌ?ia de derrotar os germes que causam a diarreÌ?ia obrigando-os a combater seus proÌ?prios semelhantes.
+A foto mostra ateÌ? que ponto os indiviÌ?duos chegam na busca dos votos. Para refrescar a memoÌ?ria, Covas deveria perguntar a personalidades como Paulo SeÌ?rgio Pinheiro, d. Paulo Evaristo Arns e JoseÌ? Carlos Dias, quem eÌ? AfanaÌ?sio. Alguns jogadores, como Zetti, RaiÌ?, Taffarel, Gilmar, Mazinho, Paulo SeÌ?rgio e Branco, deveriam se encontrar com seus familiares.
+TambeÌ?m estaÌ? definido que o conselho naÌ?o vai interferir no conteuÌ?do das sentenças, mas faraÌ? a fiscalizaçaÌ?o administrativa do JudiciaÌ?rio. Os limites dessa fiscalizaçaÌ?o saÌ?o a principal causa da reaçaÌ?o dos magistrados aÌ? proposta de controle externo. Esse assunto foi discutido ontem entre Jobim e cinco ministros do STF, entre eles OctaÌ?vio Gallotti (presidente).
+A prefeitura de SaÌ?o Paulo pediu ontem ao Tribunal de Justiça do Estado a cassaçaÌ?o da liminar que paralisou obras dos tuÌ?neis do Corredor Sudoeste, complexo viaÌ?rio na zona sul da cidade. Os tuÌ?neis, que o prefeito Paulo Maluf (foto) pretendia inaugurar em março, seraÌ?o entregues com um atraso de oito meses devido a dois acidentes nas obras. AteÌ? as 19h, a Justiça ainda naÌ?o havia se pronunciado sobre a cassaçaÌ?o.
+Ela disse tambeÌ?m que nunca recebeu o dinheiro cujo valor consta do cheque emitido em seu nome. Informou ainda estar afastada da ageÌ?ncia Petrelli desde dezembro de 1993, meses antes de o cheque ter sido emitido em seu nome. Da prisaÌ?o, depois de um fuga rocambolesca, De Sanctis vai a Turim, capital do Piemonte e meca dos refugiados italianos da eÌ?poca.
+9º EÌ? criada junto ao Conselho MonetaÌ?rio Nacional a ComissaÌ?o TeÌ?cnica da Moeda e do CreÌ?dito, composta dos seguintes membros:
+ Da Folha Sudeste
+Chega a haver uma certa infantilidade se naÌ?o for demagogia na sugestaÌ?o de uma cumplicidade entre as duas mulheres e de sua superioridade sobre os personagens masculinos. Esse filme de estreÌ?ia de Sutherland pode, com toda a facilidade, se enquadrar em todas essas ideÌ?ias. Mas de maneira alguma poderia ser entendido como inuÌ?til.
+ de R$ 2.000 a R$ 3.000, em meÌ?dia
+A preocupaçaÌ?o da Williams com o GP do PaciÌ?fico ficou clara na semana passada. O time deslocou um seÌ?quito de 47 pessoas para treÌ?s dias de testes em Jerez de La Frontera, Espanha. O circuito tem as mesmas caracteriÌ?sticas de Aida.
+No palco, ele vive uma nova experieÌ?ncia. A solidaÌ?o chega a amedrontar na hora de soltar os berros primais ou a voz grave e calma nas 23 muÌ?sicas apresentadas. «Nos TitaÌ?s eram cinco se revezando.
+ ItaÌ?lia
+ Cambuci -- 213
+Pela manhaÌ?, recebeu aposentados em seu comiteÌ? em SaÌ?o Paulo. No iniÌ?cio da tarde, fez campanha em Bauru (SP), onde se reuniu com 200 militantes e prefeitos do PMDB da regiaÌ?o. Afirmou que o Plano Real vai transformar a eleiçaÌ?o em um «estelionato eleitoral»
+Av Guarani, 194, centro. Tel. (0124) 32-1992. HoraÌ?rio: 9h/18h30.
+ UtensiÌ?lios para casa e enfeites, roupa de mulher, veiÌ?culo proÌ?prio (serviço em posto) e recreaçaÌ?o
+VoceÌ? estaÌ? obrigado a apresentar somente a declaraçaÌ?o do ano-calendaÌ?rio de 1993, por participar como soÌ?cio de empresa, embora seus rendimentos tenham sido inferiores a 13.000 Ufirs (Unidade Fiscal de RefereÌ?ncia). Como voceÌ? esteve desobrigado de apresentar declaraçaÌ?o do exerciÌ?cio de 1993, ano-base de 1992, preencha a declaraçaÌ?o de bens de forma completa, discriminando todos os seus bens. Os bens adquiridos ateÌ? 31/12/91 deveraÌ?o ser informados pelo valor de mercado em Ufirs, constante da declaraçaÌ?o do ano-base de 1991.
+Nelson Pereira -- Acho muito difiÌ?cil. VoceÌ? viu os nomes que estaÌ?o na competiçaÌ?o?
+A Universidade Braz Cubas abre inscriçoÌ?es amanhaÌ?. AteÌ? 7 de janeiro eÌ? possiÌ?vel se inscrever em um dos cursos oferecidos. Descanso
+Panozo seraÌ? responsaÌ?vel, a partir de amanhaÌ?, pela pintura das linhas que marcam o campo. Antigamente, se usava cal para isso. Allen Blue, um dos responsaÌ?veis pela montagem do palco da festa de formatura, estaÌ? confiante que o gramado de Stanford vai resistir bem aÌ? cerimoÌ?nia.
+Um atinge a testa e outro, a boca do primeiro assaltante. O segundo ladraÌ?o foge sem levar o dinheiro. COMO?
+Aquilo era demasiadamente humano. A defesa paulista tambeÌ?m pecou nos passes. Errou 38 passes (13% do total de passes da equipe), contra 26 dos defensores atleticanos (8,7% do total de passes).
+Roseana EÌ? importante ateÌ? como uma mostra de que a sociedade brasileira, nordestina, avançou, e hoje a mulher conquista todos os postos na vida administrativa e poliÌ?tica do paiÌ?s. Parlamento cambojano coloca Khmer Vermelho na ilegalidade
+ REGIS MALLMANN
+ FERNANDO PAULINO NETO
+Isso significa que saÌ?o necessaÌ?rias cem moedas como essa para formar um cruzeiro real. E com um cruzeiro real naÌ?o eÌ? possiÌ?vel comprar nada. Mas os «pais» do real dizem que a partir de julho as moedas voltam a ter valor.
+EÌ? soÌ? o iniÌ?cio, em noticiaÌ?rios como o TJ Brasil, o Jornal da Record, o Jornal Bandeirantes. No Jornal Nacional, eÌ? claro, nada mudou, nem vai mudar. Guerra santa
+Ao redigir esta sumaÌ?ria explicaçaÌ?o, sinto o cipoal tributaÌ?rio em que se enredou a atividade econoÌ?mica brasileira, dando ensejo a que as empresas reclamem com justa razaÌ?o naÌ?o apenas da carga tributaÌ?ria global que suportam, mas da quantidade de outros tributos a que necessariamente estaÌ?o submetidas, como o IPTU e a contribuiçaÌ?o sobre a folha de salaÌ?rios. Embora grande parte desse oÌ?nus tributaÌ?rio seja transferido para o consumidor, a verdade eÌ? que representa um encargo financeiro significativo para a empresa. A Bandeirantes anuncia tambeÌ?m a exibiçaÌ?o, ao vivo, da partida Cuba x Alemanha, aÌ?s 13h30.
+ FLAÌ?VIA DE LEON
+Turim eÌ? uma cidade muito fria, o povo eÌ? frio. EÌ? difiÌ?cil voceÌ? ver uma pessoa rindo no norte da ItaÌ?lia. Eu me adaptei.
+AÌ?s 17h45, a Bandeirantes exibe compacto dos jogos de ontem. A TVA/ESPN exibe, aÌ?s 22h, VT de SaÌ?o Paulo x Guarani. Margarida
+Vou ficar apenas com a NigeÌ?ria, onde soÌ? 42% da populaçaÌ?o chegam aÌ? escola primaÌ?ria (em comparaçaÌ?o, 75% das crianças negras nos EUA terminam o segundo grau e 33% chegam aÌ? universidade). No caso do IR descontado na fonte, o aumento de 15,7% em doÌ?lar em relaçaÌ?o a março de 1993 deveu-se aÌ? alteraçaÌ?o da estrutura das aliÌ?quotas do imposto, com a criaçaÌ?o da nova faixa de 35%, e ao reajuste de 192% concedido ao setor puÌ?blico em janeiro deste ano, contra 100% em 1993. TambeÌ?m foi registrado crescimento na arrecadaçaÌ?o da Cofins (ContribuiçaÌ?o para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social) e do IOF (Imposto sobre OperaçoÌ?es Financeiras), de 79,7% e 74,0%.
+A economia eÌ? uma das maiores dores-de-cabeça para o presidente da OLP, Iasser Arafat, nas novas aÌ?reas de autogoverno palestino. A regiaÌ?o eÌ? marcada por cicatrizes deixadas por 27 anos de ocupaçaÌ?o. Segundo especialistas, a economia palestina precisa de reformas draÌ?sticas para crescer nos anos 90.
+«Ou entaÌ?o vaÌ?o comer no restaurante.»
+ RENATO TRINDADE
+ Guitarrista pode ter sido assassinado
+O poema «Trem de Ferro», de Manuel Bandeira, ganhou muÌ?sica de Tom Jobim. Tom regravou «Querida», muÌ?sica de abertura da novela «O Dono do Mundo», e «Mangueira», uma parceria com Chico Buarque. Duas velhas parcerias com Vinicius de Moraes tambeÌ?m ganharam roupa nova:
+«Mas acontecem casos em que eles acabam cercados pela mancha de poluiçaÌ?o. Os peixes, entaÌ?o, ficam naquele trecho ateÌ? acabar o oxigeÌ?nio e morrem». AleÌ?m do bombeamento, a queda da temperatura na regiaÌ?o da Billings e os ventos fortes fazem com que o loÌ?do do fundo da represa fique como se tivesse sido «remexido».
+Zanatta afirmou que o pedido de anulaçaÌ?o seraÌ? julgado pelo TJ do Estado. Antes de o pedido ser encaminhado ao Tribunal, o promotor e a defesa teraÌ?o oito dias cada um para ficar com o processo. O promotor alegaraÌ? os motivos pelos quais pede a anulaçaÌ?o e a defesa apresentaraÌ? a sua posiçaÌ?o.
+Em março deste ano, 9.245 grupos de consoÌ?rcio de automoÌ?veis e comerciais leves estavam em andamento, 16,8% acima do registrado em março de 93 (7.916). Deste total, cerca de 50% saÌ?o grupos de carros «populares». 1948 -- PublicaçaÌ?o de «Sentido e NaÌ?o-sentido».
+O PT se organizou para poÌ?r na rua hoje 1 milhaÌ?o de pessoas para fazer boca-de-urna e tentar vencer a resisteÌ?ncia do eleitor indeciso. O PSDB credenciou 300 mil pessoas para fiscalizar a eleiçaÌ?o. AteÌ? 23h de ontem cerca de 300 militantes petistas estavam concentrados na avenida Paulista e na rua da ConsolaçaÌ?o, em SaÌ?o Paulo.
+ PoliÌ?cia Militar lança guia de serviços em SP
+Chega a ser comovente o grau de contentamento com que nosso heroÌ?i por acaso vem encarando os finalmentes de sua desastrada passagem pelo Planalto. No dia da eleiçaÌ?o, data em que o consumo de aÌ?lcool eÌ? inibido por lei, o presidente, homem do povo, naÌ?o demonstrou um pingo sequer de embaraço ao declarar que, depois de votar, pretendia «tomar um chopinho» com os amigos. Com isto, o BC quer sinalizar o fim da inflaçaÌ?o e aumentar a credibilidade do plano econoÌ?mico.
+O governo quer detalhar as regras para o setor privado, pois considera que esse eÌ? um dos pontos fraÌ?geis do plano econoÌ?mico. Segundo o promotor, a Abras vai apresentar uma proposta de baixar os preços. «Vamos analisar o que eles teÌ?m a dizer, mas os processos jaÌ? estaÌ?o prontos.»
+Santos -- O que busca hoje o mercado global?
+Quanto ao oÌ?leo diesel, o crescimento foi um pouco menor, 3,4%. A meÌ?dia diaÌ?ria aumentou de 452,2 mil barris para 467,6 mil no ano passado. Em dezembro passado, entre os derivados o conjunto nafta e gasoÌ?leo petroquiÌ?mico foi o uÌ?nico cujo consumo caiu em relaçaÌ?o a igual meÌ?s de 92 (-24,5%).
+ Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+ CartoÌ?es amarelos -- Albertini (I), Garcia Aspe, LuiÌ?s Garcia e Del Olmo (M)
+ Notas
+A empresa dos Berlusconis tinha um acordo com os compradores para subfaturar a venda e economizar o dinheiro dos impostos. EmpresaÌ?rio foi sequestrado em 89
+ Olho na estrada
+ Schilacci (ItaÌ?lia)
+Em comemoraçaÌ?o aos 60 anos do Instituto Weizmann, Barbara e Roberto Kaminitz, Paulina Nemirovsky e EugeÌ?nia e Charles Rothschild regem hoje na FundaçaÌ?o Maria Luisa e Oscar Americano o concerto dos Violinistas de SaÌ?o Petersburg. *. Alguns professores comentaram que a prova soava como uma paroÌ?dia de prova que vem circulando entre educadores haÌ? meses.
+ Desvio burocraÌ?tico
+«Se contra a Argentina a BulgaÌ?ria levar gols, que pelo menos sejam de Maradona.»
+Um dia, nem a podridaÌ?o. Burrice?
+O dirigente disse que apoia o ataque preferido do teÌ?cnico Parreira: Bebeto e RomaÌ?rio. O presidente da Fifa e sogro de Teixeira, JoaÌ?o Havelange, quer treÌ?s atacantes: aleÌ?m dos dois jaÌ? escalados, o palmeirense Edmundo. O diretor de normas do Banco Central, ClaÌ?udio Mauch, foi escolhido «churrasqueiro» oficial.
+ O zagueiro, que chorou na derrota brasileira de 1982, acha 'estranha' a contusaÌ?o do meio-campista italiano
+ PaiÌ?s tem 4 ex-presidentes vivos
+Castor estaÌ? preso ao lado de outro chefe do jogo do bicho do Rio, AiÌ?lton GuimaraÌ?es Jorge, o CapitaÌ?o GuimaraÌ?es. Depois de treÌ?s temporadas praticamente sem feÌ?rias, os brasileiros mostraram no Mundial sinais de cansaço. NaÌ?o aÌ? toa, o presidente da ConfederaçaÌ?o Brasileira, Carlos Arthur Nuzman, decidiu dar feÌ?rias aos atletas ateÌ? o dia 30.
+O presidente Itamar Franco disse ontem em Ouro Preto (MG) que naÌ?o vai interferir na formaçaÌ?o do governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e que naÌ?o foi consultado sobre as indicaçoÌ?es. «NaÌ?o vou interferir, naÌ?o fui consultado. Acho que ele (FHC) estaÌ? certo em naÌ?o consultar.
+Veja o que muda (agora ou depois) em relaçaÌ?o aÌ? TR:
+O preÌ?lio se encerrou em 1 x 1. Onorati anotou pelo Genoa; Signori marcou para a Lazio. Demais partidas da 30ª rodada: Atalanta 1 (o arqueiro Battistini, contra) x Udinese 1 (Borgonovo); Foggia 1 (Stroppa) x Piacenza 0; Lecce 1 (Baldieri) x Torino 2 (Venturin e Silenzi); Reggiana 1 (Padovano) x Napoli 0; Roma 2 (Rizzitelli e Balbo) x Cagliari 0.
+ DIREÇAÌ?O DO PT DIZ QUE MANIFESTO DOS INTELECTUAIS EÌ? «OPORTUNISTA», FERNANDO DE BARROS E SILVA (Da Reportagem Local)
+A «virtude» do manual eÌ? que ele condensa todos os podres da cantora espalhados em biografias, filmes, artigos e entrevistas de e sobre Madonna. O primeiro capiÌ?tulo «Buscando o Estrelato Desesperadamente» traz uma lista de pessoas atraveÌ?s usadas por Madonna. Elas saÌ?o classificadas por siÌ?mbolos como botas brancas (pessoas pisadas), chicote (usadas sexualmente), cifraÌ?o (usadas para ganhar dinheiro), laÌ?grimas (arrasadas sentimentalmente) e marcas de pneu (colisaÌ?o com Madonna deixou carreira em frangalhos).
+E eu jaÌ? sei como vai ser o MinisteÌ?rio FHC: o grupo Sarney fica com IntegraçaÌ?o Regional. De Pernambuco pra cima eÌ? bom porque eles aprontam, aprontam e ningueÌ?m nem veÌ?. Grupo ACM, ComunicaçoÌ?es.
+Depois de treÌ?s horas e meia de uma prolongada «terapia coletiva» ontem na Fiesp (FederaçaÌ?o das InduÌ?strias do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo) para analisar a URV (Unidade Real de Valor), os empresaÌ?rios paulistas decidiram apoiar «firmemente» o plano FHC, que «precisa dar certo». Os empresaÌ?rios manifestaram, ainda, seu temor quanto a um eventual fracasso das medidas antiinflacionaÌ?rias se a transiçaÌ?o para a nova moeda naÌ?o for acompanhada de «profundas reformas estruturais» no aÌ?mbito da revisaÌ?o constitucional. A avaliaçaÌ?o da Fiesp eÌ? que a revisaÌ?o constitucional tem que ser concluiÌ?da ateÌ? 31 de maio deste ano.
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+ SedaÌ? de luxo abre venda da Chrysler em abril
+ Min. (minutes)
+O proÌ?ximo eclipse solar visto do Brasil aconteceraÌ? no dia 29 de abril. Na regiaÌ?o Norte e na parte norte do Nordeste, ele seraÌ? do tipo anular a Lua ficaraÌ? bem em frente ao Sol, mas seu tamanho aparente seraÌ? menor do que o solar, deixando passar um anel luminoso. Em quase todo o resto do Brasil, o eclipse seraÌ? parcial.
+Um funcionaÌ?rio do escritoÌ?rio de advocacia ao qual a primeira-dama dos EUA, Hillary Clinton, foi associada ateÌ? 1992 disse ao procurador especial do caso Whitewater que recebeu e cumpriu ordens de destruir uma caixa de documentos do arquivo de Vincent Foster, o assessor da Casa Branca que morreu em julho de 1993. Foster tambeÌ?m foi associado ao mesmo escritoÌ?rio e era o procurador do casal Clinton junto aÌ? Whitewater, empresa de construçaÌ?o civil suspeita de diversas ilegalidades. Seu corpo foi encontrado num parque de Washington e a poliÌ?cia florestal afirmou que ele cometeu suiciÌ?dio.
+ NEW JERSEY NETS
+Fortaleza tem uma vida noturna supermovimentada. NingueÌ?m dorme cedo. Outro detalhe curioso eÌ? que cada dia da semana tem o seu endereço certo.
+Por isso eÌ? que hoje, mais do que ontem, a indigeÌ?ncia alcança parcela expressiva das famiÌ?lias nordestinas. De um lado, tais famiÌ?lias foram excluiÌ?das dos benefiÌ?cios da «economia modernizada», permanecendo sem acesso ao emprego, salaÌ?rio e produto gerados nessas novas atividades. De outro lado, degradada a «economia natural», de subsisteÌ?ncia, sob a «marcha civilizatoÌ?ria» de uns poucos megaprojetos industriais, tais famiÌ?lias foram privadas daqueles frutos com os quais garantiam emergencialmente sua subsisteÌ?ncia nas estiagens mais prolongadas.
+1º Pron -- Quer dizer que o mestre Pron... Mago -- Sim... Sim...
+ Lançamento: Sony
+O melhor: a construçaÌ?o das alças; o corte objetivo e a intimidade com o tecido. Versolato desconcerta com a sofisticaçaÌ?o de sua simplicidade e mostra que pode crescer. Chanel
+ Da Reportagem Local
+ Tanabi, SP
+O investimento miÌ?nimo para uma escola com 100 m2 eÌ? de US$ 27 mil. ONDE ENCONTRAR
+A criaçaÌ?o de um sistema baÌ?sico e puÌ?blico de prevideÌ?ncia tem o apoio de parlamentares de diversos partidos. O sistema baÌ?sico concederia benefiÌ?cios apenas para quem contribui. As divergeÌ?ncias surgem no momento de definir, por exemplo, qual o valor maÌ?ximo do benefiÌ?cio do sistema baÌ?sico.
+Uma coisa eÌ? campanha, outra eÌ? a realidade. Covas estaÌ? enganado», disse. Fora da vida puÌ?blica, Ika pretende criar uma casa para oÌ?rfaÌ?os da Aids, enquanto o marido toca um centro de estudos.
+Par grafo 1º Quando, em razaÌ?o de dificuldades operacionais naÌ?o for possiÌ?vel realizar o pagamento em cruzeiros reais pelo valor da URV na data do creÌ?dito dos recursos, ser adotado o seguinte procedimento;
+Como exemplos, Prado cita os metaluÌ?rgicos de Minas Gerais com reajuste de 7,5% aleÌ?m do IPC-r, os borracheiros gauÌ?chos (mais 4%) e os teÌ?xteis de Santa Catarina (mais 7,27%). Mario Bernardini, diretor do departamento de economia da Fiesp (FederaçaÌ?o das InduÌ?strias do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo), afirma que estes «pequenos» reajustes saÌ?o consequeÌ?ncia do aumento de produtividade da induÌ?stria e naÌ?o representam aumentos de custo. Os produtos de higiene pessoal recuaram 0,80% ontem, acumulando queda de 6,26% no meÌ?s.
+ AçaÌ?o direta de inconstitucionalidade
+ Free-lance para a Folha
+Exemplos: em 1993, o ganho inflacionaÌ?rio do ItauÌ? representou 57% das receitas de intermediaçaÌ?o financeiras. Do Bradesco, 51%. Do Bamerindus, 34%.
+Fica fora da cidade em Berkeley, depois da Bay Bridge e eÌ? um ponto de encontro de celebridades. Seu cardaÌ?pio eÌ? totalmente enxuto: soÌ? tem uma opçaÌ?o por noite, com preço entre US$ 45 e US$ 65 (de CR$ 100 mil a CR$ 150 mil). O projeto estaÌ? em tramitaçaÌ?o na CaÌ?mara desde 91.
+Na composiçaÌ?o do IGP2, o IPA2 representa 60%, o IPC2 tem peso de 30% e o INCC2 corresponde a 10% do iÌ?ndice geral. Entre os preços no varejo, a maior alta foi do grupo dos alimentos, com 10,13%, seguido de vestuaÌ?rio, com 9,45%. A menor alta ficou com o grupo despesas diversas, com 4,29%.
+No processo, criou apenas o hip-hop. Miguel Larios, apontado como o mentor intelectual do holding, eÌ? procurado em todo o mundo sob acusaçaÌ?o de ter comandado 12 açoÌ?es terroristas na Europa. AleÌ?m dele, outro membro do grupo eÌ? o caçado: Enrique GorriaraÌ?n, do Movimento Todos Pela PaÌ?tria, da Argentina.
+O trabalho que Nuno Ramos, 34, estaÌ? preparando para a 22ª Bienal de SaÌ?o Paulo, a ser inaugurada em 12 de outubro, exigiu que o artista entrevistasse cegos e estudasse a composiçaÌ?o de meteoritos. A força dessa instalaçaÌ?o que vai ocupar uma sala de 140 metros quadrados estaÌ? em algum ponto de interseçaÌ?o improvaÌ?vel entre esses dois universos aparentemente diÌ?spares: a cegueira e os fenoÌ?menos coÌ?smicos. AÇOÌ?ES
+ AdversaÌ?rios na primeira fase
+ VistaçaÌ?o: de segunda a sexta, das 9h aÌ?s 17h; saÌ?bados, das 9h aÌ?s 13h
+«Em virtude dos problemas da equipe, centrados em mim, encerro minha carreira.»
+O item limpeza teve queda de 0,41% ontem. A alimentaçaÌ?o baixou 0,21%. As maiores quedas ontem foram dos ovos brancos (-2,96%), absorvente aderente Modess (-2,12%) e arroz tipo 2 (-1,43%).
+E acadeÌ?micos pra mim soÌ? os AcadeÌ?micos do Salgueiro. Viva o Brasil!
+ Diplomata daÌ? uÌ?ltimos cruzeiros de esmola
+«RidiÌ?culo. Um atentado expliÌ?cito aÌ? liberdade de expressaÌ?o.»
+O governo jaÌ? preparou 27 bilhoÌ?es de reais (ou US$ 30 bilhoÌ?es, total do valor das notas dividido pelo doÌ?lar de ontem). Para quem gosta de nuÌ?meros redondos, a URV, que equivaleraÌ? ao real, bateraÌ? nos CR$ 2.000 ali pelo dia 1º de junho. Waxman -- NaÌ?o.
+Os tropeços conjugais de Collor, a timidez constrangedora de Sarney, as besteiras de Figueiredo tambeÌ?m davam um toque pessoal ao exerciÌ?cio do poder. Ponta de atrito
+As ageÌ?ncias dos Correios jaÌ? estaÌ?o vendendo formulaÌ?rios para os eleitores que estiverem fora de sua cidade no dia da eleiçaÌ?o e precisarem justificar a auseÌ?ncia. O formulaÌ?rio custa R$ 1,00, pode ser comprado e preenchido, mas deve ser entregue nos Correios no dia da eleiçaÌ?o. PT pediraÌ? suspeiçaÌ?o de juiz baiano ao TRE
+ Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+A Procuradoria-Geral da RepuÌ?blica apontou irregularidades no caso. Colaborou a Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+Os treÌ?s os 12... estaÌ?o em «ReÌ?peÌ?tition», nova peça de Flavio de Souza, que estreÌ?ia hoje em SaÌ?o Paulo. «ReÌ?peÌ?tition» eÌ? palavra francesa. «EÌ? um bom nome para a peça: em franceÌ?s, a palavra jaÌ? traz os dois significados, o de ensaio e o de repetiçaÌ?o», diz Flavio, que aleÌ?m de ator, eÌ? o autor e o diretor do espetaÌ?culo.
+O Brasil tambeÌ?m tem seu proÌ?prio buda. Shakya Zangpo, um lama que vive na CalifoÌ?rnia (costa leste dos EUA) desde 1983 e coordena uma instituiçaÌ?o de cura psico-espiritual, eÌ? na verdade o carioca AntoÌ?nio Carlos Costa e Silva, 44. Shakya, ou AntoÌ?nio, soÌ? descobriu o budismo aos 29 anos, mas desde a infaÌ?ncia tinha visoÌ?es de «homens chineses».
+ Tamanho do creÌ?dito
+Outro destaque foi Alonzo Mourning, do Cleveland Hornets, que apoÌ?s 15 jogos ausente, devido a uma contusaÌ?o, assinalou 24 pontos e conseguiu 15 rebotes na vitoÌ?ria sobre o Phoenix Suns por 97 a 89. Com 29 pontos e 16 rebotes, o pivoÌ? Shaquille O'Neal, do Orlando Magic, foi o principal jogador no triunfo de seu time sobre o Denver Nuggets por 95 a 88. Pecuarista diminui plantel
+RararaÌ?!
+Soma-se a isto tudo o fato de a revisaÌ?o constitucional ter fracassado, anulando o projeto de modernizaçaÌ?o do paiÌ?s, como a venda das estatais deficitaÌ?rias, a reforma tributaÌ?ria e fiscal e a reforma da PrevideÌ?ncia Social. EstaÌ? claro que a direçaÌ?o do atentado era a comunidade judaica. Folha -- O que os senhores fizeram como medida preventiva, no Brasil ?
+ ARI CIPOLA
+ Zinho
+Segundo meteorologistas do ExeÌ?rcito americano, caiÌ?ram 237 mm de chuva em Porto PriÌ?ncipe em 24 horas. INSS vai gastar US$ 1,7 bilhaÌ?o com benefiÌ?cios
+«Gelson», de Nova Iguaçu (RJ), prefere naÌ?o dizer seu nome completo. Ele diz que estaÌ? na lista da Receita Federal. «Qualquer vacilo eÌ? fatal», afirma.
+Aspen fica a 320 km de Denver, capital do Colorado (EUA). Vizinha a Vail, outra estaçaÌ?o famosa, eÌ? uma das pistas prediletas dos 20 mil brasileiros que costumam esquiar pelo menos uma vez por ano. Pergunta O que o sr. vai fazer com as TVs Educativas?
+ QueÌ?rcia
+ TraduçaÌ?o de Clara Allain
+ CloÌ?vis Rossi
+ EÌ? o mais honesto/sincero
+Fiz o teste com uma amiga de Salvador, que garantiu:
+«Jogar no Brasileiro e na Libertadores da AmeÌ?rica, tendo todas as oportunidades de aprender com os meus companheiros, foi fundamental para mim», afirmou o centroavante, que espera fazer uma boa Copa e, depois, disputar uma vaga no time principal. (AS)
+Celso Russomanno, o deputado federal mais votado em SaÌ?o Paulo (PSDB), ontem na Folha. NaÌ?o se espante. A propaganda americana decidiu que a exumaçaÌ?o de figuras ilustres do cinema, do esporte e ateÌ? da poliÌ?tica pode naÌ?o ser um negoÌ?cio inteiramente eÌ?tico, mas eÌ? muito conveniente e lucrativo.
+ CR$ 6.908.700,00
+Armando Pinheiro (PPR-SP) apresentaraÌ? recurso aÌ? CaÌ?mara contra o arquivamento dos processos dos quatro «anoÌ?es» que renunciaram. O deputado diz que, assim como Collor, eles naÌ?o podem escapar da inelegibilidade. O roteiro eÌ? esperto: flagra a confusaÌ?o e o desamparo de treÌ?s geraçoÌ?es de mulheres de uma famiÌ?lia judia de Nova York em seguida aÌ? morte do marido de uma delas, Pearl Berman (Shirley MacLaine), e sua eventual substituiçaÌ?o por um velho amigo do falecido, Joe Meledandri (Mastroianni).
+O 1º Congresso de Cirurgia PediaÌ?trica do Cone Sul, realizado de 25 a 29 de setembro em Foz do Iguaçu, selou a integraçaÌ?o das sociedades de cirurgia pediaÌ?trica dos paiÌ?ses que formam o Mercosul. Desde 92 essas sociedades estaÌ?o estabelecendo bases de atuaçaÌ?o conjunta e, enquanto a maioria das sociedades meÌ?dicas estaÌ? dando os primeiros passos nesse sentido, a cirurgia pediaÌ?trica jaÌ? avançou muito, com um trabalho efetivo de integraçaÌ?o, e poderaÌ? fornecer subsiÌ?dios aÌ?s outras especialidades meÌ?dicas. NaÌ?o eÌ? aÌ? toa que a atriz sente-se completamente aÌ? vontade na pele de UÌ?rsula Pelegrini, a irmaÌ? do vilaÌ?o Raul e maÌ?e da mau-caraÌ?ter Loreta (Marieta Severo).
+Esta bolha de consumo, via crediaÌ?rio, eÌ? passageira. Como uma medida preventiva, naÌ?o estaÌ? errado. Mas acho que ele seraÌ? abrandado».
+A lembrança de frei Tito, torturado pelo regime militar, motivou manifestaçoÌ?es contraÌ?rias ao atual governo militar do Haiti. Uma bandeira do paiÌ?s foi estendida no altar. No final da missa, Arns pediu «uniaÌ?o em torno do povo haitiano».
+A cidade de Katowice eÌ? um dos poÌ?los culturais da PoloÌ?nia. Com 700 mil habitantes em sua aÌ?rea metropolitana, possui treÌ?s orquestras sinfoÌ?nicas estatais e uma casa de oÌ?pera. A SinfoÌ?nica da RaÌ?dio Nacional Polonesa foi fundada na capital VarsoÌ?via em 1934.
+Tonacci convocou dois «repentistas» (um rapper e um sertanejo) para contarem a histoÌ?ria dos oÌ?culos, e um cego com uma maÌ?quina de braile para escrever cartoÌ?es com o nome dos visitantes. «O tema eÌ? o cego que enxerga e o homem que naÌ?o quer ver», diz. Ainda em torno da imagem, o fotoÌ?grafo Fujocka, 25, criou uma estranha instalaçaÌ?o com o tiÌ?tulo de «Cidade Secreta».
+ Onde: GNT Especial
+«A democracia naÌ?o eÌ? uma garantia de sucesso no campo», escreveu o comentarista esportivo Dave Beatti, em um artigo onde avalia o retorno do esporte sul-africano ao cenaÌ?rio internacional. Colonizador foi «almoço» de leaÌ?o
+Borg venceu o tradicional torneio de Wimbledon cinco vezes seguidas, de 1976 a 80, aleÌ?m de seis tiÌ?tulos em Roland Garros, dois no Masters e outras 49 conquistas em campeonatos profissionais. Depois de abandonar o circuito aos 26 anos, quando era o nuÌ?mero 2 do ranking e tinha acumulado mais de US$ 3,6 milhoÌ?es de preÌ?mios na carreira, Borg perdeu dinheiro com a faleÌ?ncia de sua empresa de roupas esportivas e dois divoÌ?rcios. Ele jaÌ? tentou voltar vaÌ?rias vezes aÌ?s competiçoÌ?es nos uÌ?ltimos quatro anos, mas foi sempre derrotado nas primeiras rodadas.
+' Xinguei ela. Veio um rapaz e disse: 'Ela eÌ? gordinha, mas eÌ? uma gordinha bonita. ' Ficou a maior discussaÌ?o no supermercado.
+O FBI investigou a vida de Bernstein durante 30 anos, tentando descobrir ligaçoÌ?es com grupos comunistas e pacifistas, sem nunca provar nada. ApoÌ?s quatro anos de insisteÌ?ncia da UniaÌ?o de Liberdades Civis Norte-Americanas, o FBI divulgou seu dossieÌ?, de 666 paÌ?ginas. Vendendo basicamente programas e acessoÌ?rios, a loja de informaÌ?tica Award faturou mais de US$ 60 mil.
+De pijama, o governador desceu e encontrou-a dentro de uma lata de lixo, de onde naÌ?o conseguia sair. Irritado, JaÌ?nio tirou-a de laÌ?, foi ateÌ? o quadro com os documentos da cachorra e, com uma caneta, mudou o nome de Dolly: riscou o «of Chesterfield» e escreveu em cima «da Silva». Porchat -- Muitos veÌ?em nisso uma dificuldade.
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+«EÌ? uma co-responsabilidade», disse. Leitor compra geladeira e diz «ter entrado numa fria»
+EÌ? razoaÌ?vel pensar em possibilidade de ruptura institucional ou naÌ?o?
+Sem isso, eÌ? difiÌ?cil prever investimentos e uma priorizaçaÌ?o do Brasil na AmeÌ?rica Latina. Folha -- De locomotiva econoÌ?mica da AmeÌ?rica Latina o Brasil passa a ser o uÌ?ltimo vagaÌ?o do trem?
+«Eu havia dito que, se o QueÌ?rcia ganhasse, eu sairia do paiÌ?s. Mas sei que vou continuar morando aqui porque, depois de Collor, nenhum marginal seraÌ? eleito presidente do Brasil.»
+A Argentina levou 20 anos para desindustrializar-se e tinha padroÌ?es de vida (de salaÌ?rio e educaçaÌ?o) muito superiores aos do Brasil. Assim mesmo, naÌ?o estaÌ? aguentando. Brasileiros saÌ?o 86 cm menores que suecos
+ ELVIS CESAR BONASSA
+Defendendo-se dos que certamente iriam criticaÌ?-lo pela proposta singela de comer as crianças dos lares indigentes, Swift se poÌ?e a calcular o nuÌ?mero daqueles que, ao fim da vida cruel e boçal que haviam vivido, naÌ?o teriam preferido ser vendidos como uma «delicatesse», um quitute aos dois anos de idade. CanadaÌ? pode largar estaçaÌ?o espacial Alpha
+2 -- sendo o saldo credor, com aplicaçaÌ?o do mesmo regime atribuiÌ?do ao saldo devedor. Encontro mostra 'Riviera mexicana'. Do enviado especial
+Calcula-se que pelo menos 1 milhaÌ?o de pessoas morem nas ruas ou em abrigos. (SB)
+Diz que deixar camisinha com jeitaÌ?o de usada no lixo do banheiro eÌ? mais eficaz que ser flagrado na cama com o Richard Gere. TaÌ? no livro!
+Os enfeites saÌ?o comprados em treÌ?s feiras ao ar livre a principal (Wiener Adventzauber) acontece de 20 de novembro a 16 de dezembro, das 9h aÌ?s 20h, na praça em frente aÌ? Prefeitura de Viena (Wiener Rathausplatz). Na veÌ?spera do Natal, por volta das 20h, Viena reproduz a «Noite de Paz» (a muÌ?sica foi composta em Salzburgo). As crianças encontram seus presentes sob a aÌ?rvore.
+«(...) Discordamos que a tranquilidade possa ser alcançada a partir da açaÌ?o militar concretizada no Rio», diz o documento. 1) Comprove a diferença de vocaçoÌ?es no meio-campo. O equiliÌ?brio da ItaÌ?lia estaÌ? na versatilidade de seus meias, que sabem defender e atacar Albertini eÌ? o melhor exemplo.
+«Loucademia de PoliÌ?cia -- MissaÌ?o Moscou» (comeÌ?dia) -- Grupo de policiais que vive se metendo em confusoÌ?es. Estreou em 1/7. Livre.
+ Mato Grosso de 30,55% (1980) para 18,12% (1991)
+O Zoe virou gay!
+BRASIÌ?LIA Expus numa coluna minhas duÌ?vidas sobre se o voto obrigatoÌ?rio seria, neste momento, melhor ou pior para o Brasil. Deixei a questaÌ?o sem resposta, aguardando, inclusive, sugestoÌ?es e ideÌ?ias por carta de leitores. Ouvi e li argumentos sensatos e brilhantes de ambos os lados.
+7. Indique em que medida voceÌ? eÌ? mais ativo pela manhaÌ? ou aÌ? noite:
+A usina eÌ? a maior e mais cara obra em construçaÌ?o pelo governo brasileiro a ser inaugurada nesta deÌ?cada. Seu preço eÌ? US$ 3,2 bilhoÌ?es, valor equivalente ao custo de construçaÌ?o das usinas nucleares de Angra 1 e 2 somadas. A definiçaÌ?o de Itamar pela data soÌ? aconteceu depois que a Folha informou no meÌ?s passado que o MinisteÌ?rio das Minas e Energia pretendia fazer exploraçaÌ?o eleitoral de suas realizaçoÌ?es.
+Procurada pela Folha, Rita de CaÌ?ssia Verdini naÌ?o negou que a imobiliaÌ?ria Predial Dias tivesse feito contrato comercial para imoÌ?vel residencial. Disse ainda que «naÌ?o eÌ? justo o governo alterar as regras de um contrato taÌ?o recente». Quanto ao aumento, de 108,33% no aluguel deste meÌ?s, Rita afirmou o carneÌ? havia sido recolhido e que seria tentado um acordo com a inquilina.
+Do lado de fora, quatro policiais militares faziam ronda nas ruas adjacentes. AmeÌ?rica tem treÌ?s desfalques e teme cansaço
+A Kaiser passou aÌ? frente da Antarctica na venda de cerveja no Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo no bimestre dezembro/janeiro, segundo pesquisa da Nielsen. A Antarctica caiu para a terceira posiçaÌ?o, com 21,7% de participaçaÌ?o. A Kaiser deteÌ?m 22,3% do mercado.
+Estudo sobre a construçaÌ?o da imagem puÌ?blica do rei franceÌ?s LuiÌ?s 14 (seÌ?culo 17) como forma de manipulaçaÌ?o do poder. PropinoÌ?polis encerrou a carreira de vaÌ?rios liÌ?deres que dominaram a vida poliÌ?tica italiana nos uÌ?ltimos 20 anos, entre eles o socialista Bettino Craxi, o democrata-cristaÌ?o Arnaldo Forlani e o liberal Renato Altissimo. A MaÌ?os Limpas alcançou o atual premieÌ?, Silvio Berlusconi, cujas empresas saÌ?o suspeitas de subornar funcionaÌ?rios do fisco.
+QueÌ?rcia tem sinalizado a aliados que pretende disputar o governo paulista em 98. A duÌ?vida no PMDB eÌ? se o projeto eÌ? para valer ou apenas para tentar evitar a dispersaÌ?o total dos quercistas. Evento noturno no Trianon teraÌ? muÌ?sica e dança neste saÌ?bado
+Eu vou poÌ?r em palco o prazer que os bailarinos podem ter. NaÌ?o soÌ? suas capacidades fiÌ?sicas, mas suas viveÌ?ncias e experieÌ?ncias, para que possam estar muito mais comprometidos com o espetaÌ?culo. Folha -- Pelo ensaio, parece que sua visaÌ?o eÌ? que existe sempre uma violeÌ?ncia na relaçaÌ?o entre o homem e a mulher.
+Os sete conjuntos saÌ?o formados cada um por treÌ?s pequenas peças: uma urna, uma taça e o que o artista chama de «superfiÌ?cies de cataÌ?strofe» (formas quase orgaÌ?nicas, moldadas a partir das duas outras peças). Cada objeto eÌ? feito originalmente em argila, fundido em bronze e depois maquiado. A cor de pele da maquiagem e as formas irregulares provocam a estranha ilusaÌ?o de que, em vez de bronze, o espectador estaÌ? diante de objetos de ceraÌ?micas.
+Precavidos, os dirigentes procuraram limitar o tempo de permaneÌ?ncia na capital paraguaia, programando a viagem para as 13h de hoje, em um voÌ?o fretado. E o retorno acontece depois do jogo. Como venceu a primeira partida (2 a 1), o SaÌ?o Paulo joga pelo empate.
+O Caism orienta sobre o meÌ?todo mais indicado para cada paciente e fornece os anticoncepcionais gratuitamente. HaÌ? suspeitas de que os funcionaÌ?rios tenham contraiÌ?do a doença no restaurante porque o nuÌ?mero de gatos no local eÌ? muito grande. «Muita gente deixou de comer nesse bandejaÌ?o com medo da doença», diz MaÌ?rio Henrique de Barros, 23, que faz poÌ?s-graduaçaÌ?o no Instituto de Biologia.
+O liÌ?der do grupo foi morto com um tiro na cabeça. Sadyrin e Parreira falaram durante 30 minutos no centro de imprensa montado ao lado do estaÌ?dio de Stanford, na cidade de Palo Alto, Estado da CalifoÌ?rnia. EÌ? em Stanford que seraÌ? disputada a partida entre Brasil e RuÌ?ssia.
+PS Vale a pena reler trecho de um editorial publicado nesta Folha, em 19 de setembro de 1984. «O candidato do PDS, Paulo Maluf, referiu-se ao ex-governador AntoÌ?nio Carlos MagalhaÌ?es como 'um baiano', valendo-se das conotaçoÌ?es depreciativas que aÌ?s vezes cercam o termo em SaÌ?o Paulo». Mais adiante, o editorial afirma sobre ACM:
+NanaÌ? se apresenta ao lado de um time de muÌ?sicos admiraÌ?vel. Ele conta com a participaçaÌ?o de quatro norte-americanos: o trompetista Don Cherry pai da cantora Neneh Cherry, o guitarrista Vernon Reid liÌ?der da banda Living Colour, o saxofonista Carlos Ward e o tubista Bob Stewart. NanaÌ? ainda conta com a presença dos brasileiros Arthur Maia (baixista do grupo instrumental Cama de Gato e das bandas de Gilberto Gil e Djavan) e Marçal (percussionista) e do argentino Hugo Fatorusso (tecladista).
+E naÌ?o se utilize como desculpa o menor grau de organizaçaÌ?o da sociedade brasileira como costumam argumentar alguns membros da equipe econoÌ?mica. Mesmo com uma representatividade menor, as centrais sindicais brasileiras, juntamente com as entidades patronais e mesmo os partidos, saÌ?o capazes de costurar acordos, estabelecer regras e criar canais de administraçaÌ?o de conflitos, como caÌ?maras setoriais, que teÌ?m se mostrado eficientes nos poucos setores em que foram viabilizadas pelo governo. JaÌ? o M2.000, que apareceu inicialmente com uma lista de dar inveja a gringo, acabou acertando em apostar mais pesado num estilo especiÌ?fico o reggae e em atraçoÌ?es brasileiras receÌ?m-saiÌ?das do forno caso de Chico Science e Gabriel, o Pensador.
+ Valber
+Para fazeÌ?-lo, eÌ? preciso escolher uma panela em que ele caiba deitado. Enrole-o com uma fralda de pano, sem apertar muito, e feche com barbante dos dois lados, cozinhe por uma hora e coloque na aÌ?gua algumas folhas de louro. Espere esfriar um pouco, tire o pano e corte em rodelas aÌ? mesa.
+O trabalho anterior do artista, que pode ser visto a partir de quarta-feira na coletiva «PrecisaÌ?o» reunindo tambeÌ?m obras de Eduardo Sued e WalteÌ?rcio Caldas no Museu de Arte Moderna, era realizado em geral com grandes placas de ferro cortadas, vergadas ou dobradas. Apesar das modificaçoÌ?es, haÌ? uma continuidade de fundo nas passagens da escultura de AmiÌ?lcar. Todo o projeto do artista busca encontrar a esseÌ?ncia das coisas, a escultura como esseÌ?ncia, e o trabalho do escultor como um ato fundador, um primeiro gesto.
+Na busca, encontraram o dinheiro espalhado por suas roupas e o encaminharam aÌ? sede da PF. A periÌ?cia confirmou a falsidade dos doÌ?lares. A falsificaçaÌ?o eÌ? de alta qualidade.
+A Duratex realizou lucro liÌ?quido de US$ 10,4 milhoÌ?es no primeiro semestre, registrando pequena reduçaÌ?o em relaçaÌ?o ao mesmo periÌ?odo do ano anterior (US$ 11,1 milhoÌ?es). Pior eÌ? que um analista, desolado, deixou escapar o seguinte comentaÌ?rio: um assessor corre as mil milhas, outro esquia, outro pede demissaÌ?o e outro daÌ? duas entrevistas (uma para desdizer a outra). Definitivamente, as coisas naÌ?o estaÌ?o nada bem.
+«Arbeit macht frei» (o trabalho liberta), sinistra frase colocada pelos nazistas em todos os campos de concentraçaÌ?o. A visita a TereziÌ?n foi proposta pelos proÌ?prios jornalistas, em busca de «photo opportunities» (oportunidades para fotos) diferentes das de museus e igrejas que marcaram a viagem. (Rodney Vergili)
+«NoÌ?s estamos reaprendendo a gostar do Brasil. Por que voceÌ? acha que o EneÌ?as, o Maluf ou o QueÌ?rcia naÌ?o estaÌ?o na prefereÌ?ncia do voto?
+Legendas em ingleÌ?s. -- E a Vida Continua... (And the Life Goes On/Zendegi Edam Durad) (91'), 1992.
+Entretanto, sou eu quem paga as mensalidades de sua faculdade. Esse gasto pode ser deduzido em minha declaraçaÌ?o como despesas com instruçaÌ?o?
+ J. Lino (SaÌ?o JoseÌ? dos Campos, SP)
+ Data: 16 e 17 de junho
+Em vaÌ?rios paiÌ?ses cresceram as exigeÌ?ncias eÌ?ticas, procurando superar a corrupçaÌ?o nos ambientes de governo. Ambulantes fazem protesto em SP contra apreensoÌ?es da PF
+«Black» cabo: CR$ 2.015,00 (compra) e CR$ 2.025,00 (venda). DoÌ?lar-turismo: CR$ 1.970,00 (compra) e CR$ 2.030,00 (venda), segundo o Banco do Brasil. Ouro: alta de 1,96%, fechando a CR$ 25.020,00 o grama na BM&F.
+E soÌ?, sem maiores explicaçoÌ?es. Como o jornal naÌ?o voltou ao assunto, no miÌ?nimo para decifrar esse enigma a seus leitores, e como «O Globo» naÌ?o tem ombudsman a quem, como leitora, possa me dirigir para pedir esclarecimentos sobre o significado da nota, fico na duÌ?vida. O que eÌ? que «O Globo» quis dizer com isso?
+Atualmente no comando das caçarolas do Santo Colomba, chef Alencar emprestou seu know how no almoço de estreÌ?ia da 3ª. Mostra da Artefacto. Bilela Barata Ribeiro volta terça-feira para Nova York, onde assume seu posto de corretora da Mayfair Properties. ENTRELINHAS
+ Brizola
+ «Os autores revelam expliÌ?cito despreparo no tratamento de conceitos histoÌ?ricos e geograÌ?ficos»
+ HaÌ? 20 anos, a Holanda venceu por 2 a 0 e tirou o Brasil de Zagalo da final
+TVA/ESPN, a partir das 22
+O proÌ?prio ministro da Fazenda comenta reservadamente que naÌ?o aposta na aprovaçaÌ?o pelo Legislativo do aumento da aliÌ?quota de 25 para 26%,6% do Imposto de Renda da pessoa fiÌ?sica. Fernando Henrique Cardoso acredita que os parlamentares podem ateÌ? aprovar a criaçaÌ?o da aliÌ?quota de 35% para os contribuintes com renda mensal acima de US$ 10 mil. Casado, quatro filhos, Luiz Carvalho acha que naÌ?o eÌ? taÌ?o «alternativo» como tentam classificaÌ?-lo.
+ MaÌ?e: Dora Leme Ferreira Antunes
+Olympia R. CleÌ?lia 1.517, Lapa, zona oeste. Tel. 864-7333. Domingo, 20:20h.
+Tem as penas taÌ?o arrepiadas pela poÌ?la que levou da maÌ?e um campo de poÌ?lo que parecem peÌ?los.»
+Eddie Irvine seraÌ? o companheiro de Rubens Barrichello na Jordan. A equipe anunciou ontem a contrataçaÌ?o do irlandeÌ?s, que ficou famoso por levar um soco de Senna depois do GP do JapaÌ?o do ano passado. Irvine, que jaÌ? testa hoje, falou aÌ? Folha nos boxes do Estoril.
+E sabe como eÌ? o nome da lanterninha do festival de filmes do MoMA sobre gays and lesbians?
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+Quieto, Leonel, quieto. Isso passa. Tem de passar!
+«Vou escalar os mais jovens», disse Pereira, que pretende poupar alguns jogadores para a segunda partida contra o Bragantino, pelas quartas-de-final do brasileiro. Pereira tem duas duÌ?vidas Henrique e Wilson Mano disputam vaga na zaga. No ataque, o teÌ?cnico escala Casagrande ou Marcelinho.
+ Vendas domeÌ?sticas
+A poesia deste uÌ?ltimo, poreÌ?m, ao contraÌ?rio do que acontece no livro de Rosenfeld, ganha seÌ?rias restriçoÌ?es, talvez porque o poeta sente feito uma opçaÌ?o pragmaÌ?tica («para receber o bilhete de ingresso na civilizaçaÌ?o cristaÌ?», como cita Carpeaux) pelo catolicismo. EÌ? claro que os deslizes aqui citados saÌ?o apenas alguns em meio aos tantos acertos do livro. Como Rosenfeld, ele considera a obra de Thomas Mann um dos marcos da literatura alemaÌ? universal e enfatiza, mais do que o seu colega de histoÌ?ria literaÌ?ria, a importaÌ?ncia de Lutero para a liÌ?ngua alemaÌ? e consequentemente para a sua literatura.
+O grupo foi formado por 800 soldados iranianos que organizaram no LiÌ?bano uma miliÌ?cia para combater cristaÌ?os do governo, muçulmanos proÌ?-SiÌ?ria e as forças de ocupaçaÌ?o de Israel no sul do paiÌ?s. Governo vai assumir diÌ?vidas da Embraer
+2 tecladistas executaram a muÌ?sica que acompanhou as vitoÌ?rias de Senna na TV Globo durante a passagem do cortejo pela passarela na avenida EuseÌ?bio Matoso, em Pinheiros (zona oeste). Os tecladistas LuiÌ?s Cavanha, 32, e Beto Bertrami se instalaram em frente ao conservatoÌ?rio Beethoven, a 100 metros da passarela. «Se eu que sou uruguaia estou arrasada, imagine os brasileiros.»
+ (Silvio Cioffi)
+ CARLOS EDUARDO LINS DA SILVA
+*salariais. *A entrada descontrolada de capitais especultivos e os superaÌ?vits
+Amigos de Itamar acham que Sarney poderaÌ? ateÌ? ter menos votos que QueÌ?rcia nas preÌ?vias do PMDB, mas provaraÌ? que controla um nuÌ?mero maior de Estados. Nisto concentra-se a expectativa de dissideÌ?ncias regionalizadas. Protesto juvenil
+Segundo o parecer, encomendado pelo presidente da estatal, JoseÌ? de Castro Ferreira, «pode-se admitir» o aditamento, com base no artigos 121 e 65, paraÌ?grafo 1º., da nova lei. Segundo os advogados da Telerj, esses artigos permitem o aditamento desde que o contrato original tenha sido assinado antes da entrada em vigor da nova lei de licitaçoÌ?es. Na avaliaçaÌ?o da Telerj, a realizaçaÌ?o de uma nova licitaçaÌ?o e eventual vitoÌ?ria de uma outra empresa que naÌ?o a NEC vai dificultar o funcionamento do sistema.
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+Nas escolas privadas reconhecidas pelo Conselho BritaÌ?nico, um curso baÌ?sico dura quatro semanas e varia de US$ 300 a US$ 3.200. A Pitman School cobra US$ 1.000 por 20 horas semanais. O Bell College oferece acomodaçaÌ?o, comida e 21 horas semanais por US$ 3.130 ao meÌ?s.
+De qualquer forma, se as promessas de que o plano seraÌ? negociado forem mesmo cumpridas, o desafio tambeÌ?m seraÌ? colocado aÌ? sociedade. Em todas as pesquisas sobre os principais problemas que afligem o brasileiro, a inflaçaÌ?o surge sempre em primeiro lugar. EÌ? ilusaÌ?o achar que sua derrubada depende soÌ? do governo.
+A PM iria levar os oÌ?nibus dos corintianos ateÌ? a saiÌ?da da cidade. «Uma das crianças foi operada por treÌ?s horas e meia e teve uma mola de oito centiÌ?metros retirada de perto do coraçaÌ?o», diz Chagas. O terceiro heroÌ?i foi o meÌ?dico que as operou, o chefe da equipe de sauÌ?de da tropa brasileira, primeiro-tenente Ibrahim Machado.
+SaÌ?o esperados mais de 2.000 torcedores de SaÌ?o Paulo. Para jogar num campo menor, que dificulta a equipe mais teÌ?cnica, o Palmeiras, o Fluminense recusou-se a jogar no MaracanaÌ?. Alguns desses setores, como laranja e calçados, exportam para os EUA, onde ocorre pressaÌ?o poliÌ?tica pelo boicote desses produtos.
+ FERNANDO CANZIAN
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+O grande perigo eÌ? que esse tal futebol de resultados tambeÌ?m soÌ? conhece aqueles treÌ?s uÌ?nicos e possiÌ?veis. E um deles eÌ? a derrota. Marcelo Fromer e Nando Reis saÌ?o integrantes da banda TitaÌ?s.
+Os dois trabalham juntos haÌ? 18 anos, embora soÌ? em janeiro Delgado tenha sido contratado pela CBF. O meÌ?dico, em 26 anos de seleçaÌ?o brasileira, jamais teve um fisioterapeuta ao seu lado, recorrendo aos de sua cliÌ?nica. Os usuaÌ?rios teÌ?m um prazo inicial de treÌ?s meses para negociar suas diÌ?vidas antes do corte, mas, em alguns casos, deixam de pagar a conta por um ano.
+Seja qual for a opçaÌ?o, o cliente teraÌ? a assessoria de um «tutor» que aplicaraÌ? a metodologia da Mepsa, chamada «passaporte profissional». Assim ele sintetiza sua tese do absurdo:
+E falaram de Aids, violeÌ?ncia e repressaÌ?o, stress, camisinha e sociedade. EntaÌ?o, passaram aÌ? URV, como quem troca de canal. Quem trocou mesmo pode ter caiÌ?do em erro semelhante no «OpiniaÌ?o Nacional», da Cultura, aÌ?s 18h.
+ De Havana
+Luiz InaÌ?cio Lula da Silva, candidato do PT aÌ? PresideÌ?ncia, sobre as declaraçoÌ?es do ministro Ricupero, hoje na Folha. PNBE critica a indexaçaÌ?o
+A dupla mandou ver na lasagna com frango assado enquanto conversava sobre apoio reciÌ?proco para suas campanhas. Mercado
+ 8/7 Alemanha Oc. 1 x 0 Argentina
+ Minas Gerais
+O Tribunal tambeÌ?m espera receber esta semana do Banco Central as informaçoÌ?es sobre as contas bancaÌ?rias de Castor e dos juiÌ?zes, que tiveram o sigilo quebrado. Os juiÌ?zes citados na lista saÌ?o: CeÌ?sar Augusto Leite (titular do 3º Tribunal do JuÌ?ri), Renato Simoni (do foÌ?rum da Ilha do Governador, zona norte do Rio), Franklin Belfort Neto (21ª Vara Criminal), Liborni Siqueira (2ª Vara de Menores) e Nery Fernandes de Souza (aposentado). Esse comportamento seria uma maneira de evitar a consaguinidade cruzamento entre parentes, que eÌ? prejudicial aÌ? populaçaÌ?o.
+Faz comentaÌ?rios sobre alguns filmes ou diretores, como este pouco simpaÌ?tico sobre «A EÌ?poca da InoceÌ?ncia», de Martin Scorsese:
+Como os demais garotos de programa, A.S.S. diz que prefere manter relaçoÌ?es sexuais com mulheres, mas que precisa sair com homens por causa do dinheiro. Os proÌ?ximos anos seraÌ?o criÌ?ticos para essa ampla integraçaÌ?o competitiva do Brasil no mundo, a partir de uma açaÌ?o governamental que deÌ? aÌ?s empresas as condiçoÌ?es sisteÌ?micas necessaÌ?rias aÌ? sua internacionalizaçaÌ?o. DaiÌ? a importaÌ?ncia das proÌ?ximas eleiçoÌ?es, principalmente no que diz respeito aÌ? escolha dos representantes no Congresso, instituiçaÌ?o por onde devem passar todas as leis que iraÌ?o lastrear esta reestruturaçaÌ?o do governo.
+EmpreÌ?stimos por um dia («"hot money») contratados ontem: de 50,50% a 50,64% ao meÌ?s. Para 30 dias (capital de giro): de 7.050% a 7.129% brutos ao ano. Amin diz que pretende criar guarda nacional
+Mas Tyson naÌ?o espera ter as mesmas dificuldades que tanto EÌ?der quanto Ali tiveram para reconquistar o tiÌ?tulo mundial. EÌ?der Jofre foi campeaÌ?o dos pesos-galos de novembro de 60 a maio de 65. Neste periÌ?odo fez oito defesas vitoriosas ateÌ? perder o cinturaÌ?o para o japoneÌ?s Fighting Harada.
+ Leitor reclama de interurbanos
+A cada trimestre, o Brasil receberaÌ? parcelas de recursos do FMI, desde que cumpra as metas econoÌ?micas acertadas. O presidenciaÌ?vel começou a desfiar seu programa de governo quando foi interrompido:
+ Parques
+O ministro interino das ComunicaçoÌ?es, Djalma de Morais, solicitou ontem aos presidentes das 27 empresas do sistema TelebraÌ?s agilidade na preparaçaÌ?o dos editais das licitaçoÌ?es para a compra de centrais telefoÌ?nicas de grande porte, destinadas aÌ? instalaçaÌ?o de cerca de 500 mil novos terminais. Na ocasiaÌ?o, o ministro orientou as operadoras com objetivos comuns a se agruparem para realizar a licitaçaÌ?o. O ministeÌ?rio determinou que o preço maÌ?ximo por terminal naÌ?o deveraÌ? superar US$ 206.
+O ministro da Energia Nuclear da RuÌ?ssia, Viktor Mikhailov, diz ao diaÌ?rio que novas armas nucleares podem estar desenvolvida ateÌ? o ano 2000 a menos que pesquisas militares sejam impedidas. L'Osservatore Romano
+Ao ouvi-lo, o coronel Tavinho coronel OtaÌ?vio Xavier d'Abadia, senhor de baraço e cutelo suspendeu a leitura do jornal, exemplar de «A Tarde» atrasado de oito dias, depositou-o na mesa da escrivaninha, levantou-se da cadeira de braços. AteÌ? entaÌ?o acocorado no corredor, InoceÌ?ncio poÌ?s-se de peÌ?, abriu a porta da rua, ficou aÌ? espera do lado de fora. O Coronel tomou do chapeÌ?u e da bengala porque o chapeÌ?u gelot e a bengala de castaÌ?o de ouro?
+Na defesa do SaÌ?o Paulo, o destaque foi Nem. No segundo tempo, o SaÌ?o Paulo logo saiu na frente, atraveÌ?s de um peÌ?nalti apontado incorretamente pelo juiz a falta foi fora da aÌ?rea. Jamelli cobrou e abriu o marcador.
+A candidatura presidencial do prefeito Paulo Maluf (PPR) estaÌ? nas maÌ?os do ministro Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB). O PPR acredita que a crise institucional pode forçar FHC a permanecer no MinisteÌ?rio e, com isso, Maluf superaria a indecisaÌ?o sobre sair ou naÌ?o da prefeitura. FHC eÌ? hoje o entrave ao projeto presidencial de Maluf.
+Mulher de FHC afirma que partido de ACM percebeu que 'naÌ?o dava para fazer tudo na base da fisiologia'. FERNANDO DE BARROS E SILVA
+O descompromisso e o entusiasmo com que o time da casa vai jogar na segunda-feira podem ateÌ? lhe proporcionar alguma vantagem contra os brasileiros, que teraÌ?o a «obrigaçaÌ?o» de vencer. O «Grupo da Morte» tambeÌ?m era o das grandes torcidas na Costa Leste dos EUA, onde eles fizeram seus jogos na fase classificatoÌ?ria. Quando escolheram seus companheiros de chapa, Lula e Fernando Henrique deram de ombros para histoÌ?ria do Brasil.
+NingueÌ?m melhor do que Norville para a funçaÌ?o. Tudo parece correr de acordo com os planos de Mussburger, sobretudo quando entra em cena Amy Archer (Jennifer Jason Leigh), uma repoÌ?rter carreirista que aposta seu preÌ?mio Pulitzer na tese de que Norville Barnes eÌ? mesmo um descerebrado. Norville, apesar de um tanto lerdo e bastante ingeÌ?nuo, eÌ? capaz de surpresas como a estrondosa invençaÌ?o do bamboleÌ?.
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Porto Alegre
+O capiÌ?tulo dedicado aÌ? amizade do poeta com MaÌ?rio de Andrade apenas insinua o que veio a ser uma forte influeÌ?ncia sobre Drummond. As refereÌ?ncias que MaÌ?rio de Andrade fez em cartas a outros escritores deveriam servir para um retrato desse fenoÌ?meno raro na vida literaÌ?ria brasileira, o da amizade fecunda entre dois escritores. Por outro lado, a relaçaÌ?o entre o poeta de «A Flor e a NaÌ?usea» e JoaÌ?o Cabral de Melo Neto eÌ? descrita a partir de um estranho «ponto de observaçaÌ?o»: como se o estilo cerebral do poeta pernambucano estivesse alterando a poesia de Drummond, quando o que se percebe eÌ? que a poesia deste sempre foi uma dimensaÌ?o perturbadora para Cabral afinal se tratava de uma poesia rigorosa, embora liÌ?rica, que parecia possuir uma densidade e um poder narrativo que custaram ao poeta de «Morte e Vida Severina» (1955) um grande esforço.
+Criar 8 milhoÌ?es de empregos por meio de investimentos sociais. Elevar salaÌ?rio miÌ?nimo para US$ 115. Programa de renda miÌ?nima, começando por regioÌ?es pobres e pais com filhos na escola.
+ OCTAVIO BUENO MAGANO
+«Os fasciÌ?culos da Folha seraÌ?o importantes para o meu trabalho de orientador profissional. Vou distribuiÌ?-los para os alunos. Qualidade tornou-se questaÌ?o de sobreviveÌ?ncia e eÌ? preciso envolver a sociedade nessa discussaÌ?o».
+E a estes naÌ?o cabe incomodar. Demanda vai definir o ritmo da inflaçaÌ?o
+(Se TeleÌ? Santana resolvesse aceitar as propostas do Valencia, o campeonato espanhol passaria a contar com treÌ?s grandes teÌ?cnicos de mentalidade ofensiva: um colombiano, um brasileiro e um holandeÌ?s. Parreira disse que o Valencia tambeÌ?m o convidou para ir para laÌ? pegar o touro a unha. Ele tem mais afinidades com a escola europeÌ?ia.
+A festa vai se realizar do proÌ?ximo dia 30 ateÌ? 15 de maio, no parque da Fenachim. Os organizadores esperam 300 mil visitantes. EstaÌ?o programados shows com vaÌ?rios artistas, entre eles Elba Ramalho, grupo Roupa Nova e a dupla ZezeÌ? de Camargo e Luciano.
+Marques seria auxiliar de LeleÌ?. TeÌ?cnico -- Luis Felipe
+Animada pelos ventos da musicologia, a muÌ?sica de Carlos Gomes (1836-1896), relegada ao quase total esquecimento por muitas deÌ?cadas, parece agora aÌ? beira de uma reavaliaçaÌ?o. SaÌ?o muitos os fatores que contribuem para isto. A celebraçaÌ?o dos 500 anos da Descoberta da AmeÌ?rica serviu de primeiro impulso, reafirmado mais tarde pelo interesse «multiculturalista» de estudiosos e produtores, em busca de um geÌ?nio naÌ?o-europeu (veja-se o caso da nova montagem do «Guarani», encenada por Werner Herzog na Alemanha, com PlaÌ?cido Domingo).
+ Do «Travel/The New York Times»
+ De Washington
+«Em primeiro lugar, o muito obrigado por voceÌ? naÌ?o ter desligado a televisaÌ?o.»
+O terminal foi liberado aÌ?s 10h e os uÌ?ltimos bloqueios avenida Nove de Julho, ruas Libero BadaroÌ? e Xavier de Toledo foram suspensos aÌ?s 11h. Os bloqueios oÌ?nibus estacionados nas faixas de traÌ?nsito tiveram reflexos nas avenidas que ligam o centro aos bairros. «Devo fazer uns treÌ?s interurbanos para saber as novidades dos meus amigos do Rio e de Minas ou fazer uns 15 telefonemas soÌ? para dar um 'oi' para a moçada.
+ RelaçoÌ?es-puÌ?blicas, 28 anos
+Nada disse. Lula e o PT estaÌ?o mais preocupados em alçar voÌ?o nos defeitos ou supostos defeitos de seus adversaÌ?rios, baseados num discurso negativista, do que mostrar do que seriam capaz. E do que jaÌ? fizeram a favor dos excluiÌ?dos.
+ Juros no teto
+TambeÌ?m caiu a reprovaçaÌ?o (15% contra 20% em dezembro). O deputado federal JoseÌ? Sarney Filho (PFL-MA) e Fernando Sarney, um dos organizadores da campanha da governadora eleita, tambeÌ?m pretendem e devem ocupar um amplo espaço no governo. Roseana se recusa a falar sobre esse assunto.
+O posto mais bem-remunerado do Itamaraty eÌ? o de embaixador do JapaÌ?o. Recebe cerca de US$ 19 mil. ToÌ?quio eÌ? considerada a cidade com o mais alto custo de vida do mundo.
+O mapa da AntaÌ?rtida, por exemplo, traz a localizaçaÌ?o da base brasileira de Comandante Ferraz, na ilha Rei George. O mapa da paÌ?gina 101 traz a Serra do Cachimbo, local que os militares pretendiam utilizar para realizar testes nucleares. Na paÌ?gina 102, eÌ? possiÌ?vel localizar a estaÌ?ncia turiÌ?stica de S. Carlos de Bariloche, na Argentina, e o pico AconcaÌ?gua o mais alto das AmeÌ?ricas.
+ MARCELO MUSA CAVALLARI
+Os monges gravaram duas fitas cassete «Glorificai o Nosso Deus» e «Ressuscitou Aleluia» produzidas pela EdiçoÌ?es Paulinas, editora de livros catoÌ?licos (leia criÌ?tica nesta paÌ?gina). Um CD com o material contido na segunda fita seraÌ? lançado em breve pela editora. «Traduzimos os caÌ?nticos porque acreditamos que eÌ? difiÌ?cil celebrar algo que naÌ?o se entende», diz o monge Agostinho Ramos, 30, que vive junto aos religiosos de Ponta Grossa haÌ? um ano e dois meses.
+Para si mesmo, entretanto, o governo pretende o que naÌ?o estaÌ? na lei que valeraÌ? para todos os brasileiros. A Ufir iÌ?ndice que indexa os impostos seraÌ? suspensa, mas naÌ?o extinta, ficando a postos para voltar a corrigir os tributos. EÌ? como um gatilho, que o governo poderaÌ? acionar contra a inflaçaÌ?o poÌ?s-real.
+Mostra o cantor detonando com um violaÌ?o, ladeado por «Elvis» escrito em rosa e «Presley» em verde. No começo de 1980 o grupo ingleÌ?s Clash parodiou esta capa no seu famoso «London Calling». SecretaÌ?rio da Segurança deveraÌ? depor na CPI do jogo do bicho
+A maioria vem para comer. NaÌ?o posso deixar o pessoal sem comida. A gente tem que dar o nuÌ?mero dos candidatos para eles, senaÌ?o eles naÌ?o sabem em quem votar.
+Mazinho naÌ?o se nega a falar das diferenças que o separam de RaiÌ?:
+ Sarney
+Por isso, como Jurandir Freire Costa o mostrava nesta coluna (31/7/94), «Quatro Casamentos e um Funeral», de Mike Newell, por exemplo, deixa esperar conviÌ?vios amorosos, se naÌ?o mais felizes, ao menos mais leves: uma espeÌ?cie de savoir-faire com o narcisismo. Na quarta-feira passada, a seleçaÌ?o hondurenha fora goleada por 8 a 2 pela brasileira. A CoreÌ?ia do Sul estreÌ?ia na Copa do Mundo na proÌ?xima sexta-feira, enfrentando a Espanha, tambeÌ?m em Dallas.
+ Kuznetzov
+ Da Reportagem Local
+Na segunda-feira, uma equipe da empresa viraÌ? aÌ? cidade para coordenar o treinamento dos funcionaÌ?rios que faraÌ?o as vendas por aqui. Depois, seraÌ?o definidos o postos de vendas de passagens. Na semana que vem, devem ficar definidos tambeÌ?m que restaurantes cariocas seraÌ?o responsaÌ?veis pelo cardaÌ?pio do trecho Rio-SaÌ?o Paulo.
+Os surfistas brasileiros se dividem claramente em dois grupos; os «Extra-Large», aqueles que resolveram «ir pras cabeças» e encarar o desafio maÌ?ximo da profissaÌ?o; e os «Small-Medium», que definitivamente naÌ?o gostam e preferem o cenaÌ?rio mais tranquilo dos palanques, faÌ?s e ondas dos circuitos brasileiro e regionais. Quem esteve nos uÌ?ltimos cinco ou seis invernos no HavaiÌ? deve se lembrar da figura humilde do paraibano Fabinho Gouveia, sentado na praia com expressaÌ?o apreensiva, disfarçando a tensaÌ?o e o total desconhecimento do ingleÌ?s com seu brado nervoso «tui tuare tudere rari deis». As proÌ?ximas saiÌ?das saÌ?o para ZimbaÌ?bue 10 e 23 de julho.
+Nenhum deles disse que manteria», disse. Essas ameaças na verdade oriundas do lobby de Jacques-Alain Miller, genro de Lacan e executor testamentaÌ?rio da obra do mestre, publicada pelas mesmas ediçoÌ?es do Seuil certamente naÌ?o foram causadas pelos defeitos do livro mas por suas qualidades. HaÌ? sempre algo equiÌ?voco nas biografias a vontade de revelar uma verdade que eÌ? sempre uma interpretaçaÌ?o, por pressupor uma narrativa subjetiva do autor na aÌ?nsia de costurar uma linearidade loÌ?gica para a vida de seu biografado em vez de se contentar em apenas relatar os fatos.
+Segundo ele, a entidade foi muito rigorosa na puniçaÌ?o ao jogador, cuja situaçaÌ?o foi agravada por viver em «maÌ? companhia». O estudante Juan Martin, 15, da cidade de Tandil (400 km de Buenos Aires), foi uma das poucas pessoas a condenar o astro. «Ele sempre jogou drogado.
+ PM continua a ser julgado na Justiça Militar
+O que estava me faltando, cara, era jogo de cintura. Se eu tivesse jogo de cintura a coisa seria simples. O resto voceÌ? sabe: laÌ? pelas tantas bateu o desespero, comecei a gritar por socorro.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+ Portaria reduz aliÌ?quotas de mais mil itens
+«Major pode concorrer e ateÌ? vencer, mas deixem que os parlamentares decidam», disse. O preferido dos rebeldes para o posto seria o ministro do Trabalho, Michael Portillo, um dos maiores criÌ?ticos da UniaÌ?o EuropeÌ?ia. Mas Portillo jaÌ? demonstrou lealdade a Major ao apoiaÌ?-lo no voto de confiança de ontem.
+ Bairro: TremembeÌ?
+O preço da passagem deveraÌ? ser de US$ 1 (CR$ 515,00). O trem tem capacidade para 74 passageiros e desenvolve ateÌ? 30 quiloÌ?metros por hora. A Maria-Fumaça foi fabricada em 1932 pela American Locomotive Co., e recebeu o nome de Maria AngeÌ?lica.
+Otis Clay. Bourbon Street Music Club. R. dos ChaneÌ?s, 127, Moema, zona sul.
+Rap, blues, muÌ?sica brasileira, soul, funk e tambeÌ?m jazz. Com um cardaÌ?pio cada vez mais ecleÌ?tico, o Free Jazz Festival abre neste saÌ?bado sua nona ediçaÌ?o, prometendo muÌ?sica de qualidade e uma razoaÌ?vel dose de poleÌ?mica. Durante seis noites simultaÌ?neas, os palcos do Palace (em SaÌ?o Paulo) e do Hotel Nacional (no Rio) seraÌ?o frequentados tanto por jazzistas radicais, como por astros do blues e ateÌ? da muÌ?sica pop (leia programaçaÌ?o abaixo).
+ Diretor: William Wyler
+Uma seÌ?rie de eventos gratuitos para maiores de 60 anos começam hoje no Eldorado em comemoraçaÌ?o ao Dia do Idoso. As atividades aconteceraÌ?o na academia de ginaÌ?stica Formula e no Boliche 300. Roberto Dornas, presidente da Confen (ConfederaçaÌ?o Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Ensino), afirmou que «o governo interferiu mal e levou uma surra do STF».
+Mesmo apoÌ?s repetidas manifestaçoÌ?es de apreço de FHC a Serra nos uÌ?ltimos dias foram vaÌ?rios encontros que demoraram horas, tudo indica que o senador eleito ficaraÌ? mesmo no Congresso. Ele foi preso terça-feira passada em IlheÌ?us (BA) por policiais de Minas Gerais que o localizaram em um hotel naquele municiÌ?pio. ClaÌ?udio foi levado preso para o 16º DP em Belo Horizonte.
+Neste segundo momento, sofreu as influeÌ?ncias da arte concreta de Max Bill e as repercussoÌ?es da Primeira Bienal de SaÌ?o Paulo, passando do desenho abstrato para a escultura concreta. Em 1959, assinaria com Ferreira Gullar, Franz Weissmann e Lygia Clark (entre outros) o Manifesto Neoconcreto a produçaÌ?o neoconcreta caracteriza-se pelo corte e pela dobra. Do periÌ?odo americano (1968-1970) ficaram os aneÌ?is que enlaçam chapas de aço inoxidaÌ?vel.
+Resultado: aleÌ?m das verduras, levou para casa molho americano para saladas e macarraÌ?o italiano que normalmente compra numa importadora. «Eu naÌ?o achava que iria encontrar esse macarraÌ?o aqui. Agora ficou mais faÌ?cil comprar importados», diz FaÌ?tima.
+Outra coisa: o meÌ?dico pediu para voceÌ? fazer algum exame de laboratoÌ?rio?
+Eu naÌ?o posso tambeÌ?m deixar de registrar a minha satisfaçaÌ?o pelo fato de que o PSDB teve vitoÌ?rias importantes no Brasil. E de que os demais partidos tambeÌ?m, muitos deles, obtiveram votaçoÌ?es expressivas e elegeram governadores. NoÌ?s temos um quadro de governadores que eÌ? um quadro que parece muito positivo.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+Hector Babenco, cineasta, ontem na seçaÌ?o Painel. A previsaÌ?o eÌ? de que os preços da soja tenham reduçaÌ?o, mas em porcentagem menor do que a registrada em 93. Explica-se: os preços externos estaÌ?o em alta com a perda da safra americana.
+Como o fez, com eÌ?xito, em relaçaÌ?o aÌ? exigeÌ?ncia do diploma: na opiniaÌ?o de renomados juristas, o dispositivo naÌ?o foi absorvido pela ordem constitucional vigente e jaÌ? haÌ? decisaÌ?o judicial nesse sentido. Pode ateÌ? ser que, no fim, examinando o caso concretamente, a Justiça Eleitoral reconheça que o auxiÌ?lio dos sindicatos naÌ?o configure uma ilegalidade. NaÌ?o eÌ? esse o problema.
+A vantagem para o cliente eeÌ? que ele teraÌ? em uma soÌ? loja (ageÌ?ncia do Banco Nacional) entre 40 e 50 fundos aÌ? sua escolha. Hoje, o Nacional negocia 20 fundos proÌ?prios, que seraÌ?o mantidos. Outro ponto favoraÌ?vel eÌ? que o miÌ?nimo necessaÌ?rio para investir eÌ? menor ,do que nos bancos de atacado.
+O Estado deve colher este ano perto de 880 mil toneladas de milho safrinha, que vem crescendo nos uÌ?ltimos quatro anos, ao contraÌ?rio da safra grande. Enquanto a primeira saltou de 478 mil t no periÌ?odo 90/91 para 880 mil em 93/94, a segunda caiu de 3,6 milhoÌ?es t para 2,7 milhoÌ?es de t, na mesma eÌ?poca. Ela acaba fazendo um comercial em um rancho e conhece no local um grupo de vaqueiras.
+NaÌ?o tenho informaçoÌ?es muito completas. Folha -- Uma das principais criÌ?ticas que ouvi aqui nos EUA de teÌ?cnicos do governo especialistas em Brasil eÌ? que este naÌ?o seria um plano, mas apenas um primeiro passo em direçaÌ?o a reformas econoÌ?micas muito mais draÌ?sticas que teraÌ?o de ser feitas caso se queira estabilizar definitivamente a economia. Uma viagem pelo interior paulista tem cheiro de mato, de leite fresco, de cafeÌ? passado agora, de bolo de fubaÌ?.
+ Poucas palavras
+A maior parte das mulheres graÌ?vidas naÌ?o sabe se pode usar um analgeÌ?sico comum para «cortar» uma dor de cabeça ou o mal-estar produzido por uma gripe. Segundo Rita de CaÌ?ssia Sanchez, especialista em medicina fetal da CliÌ?nica Fetus, as mulheres devem evitar os analgeÌ?sicos durante toda gestaçaÌ?o. Os fundos de renda fixa teÌ?m aniversaÌ?rios a cada 28 dias corridos.
+Os candidatos que jaÌ? gravaram seus programas e naÌ?o citaram QueÌ?rcia e Munhoz saÌ?o convocados pela produtora para regravar suas participaçoÌ?es. O deputado Luiz Carlos Santos (PMDB-SP), por exemplo, foi chamado para gravar nova mensagem aos eleitores. Nunca me envolvi com o processo de criaçaÌ?o de uma coreografia, mas posso ter discussoÌ?es preÌ?vias com o coreoÌ?grafo, antes da concepçaÌ?o do espetaÌ?culo.
+ Zagueiro prefere enfrentar ao lado da famiÌ?lia a decepçaÌ?o pelo corte
+ UBIRATAN BRASIL
+A sua assessoria disse ontem aÌ? Folha que iria enviar um ofiÌ?cio aÌ? ComissaÌ?o do Orçamento pedindo a correçaÌ?o nos valores. A deputada Maria Laura (PT-DF) procurou atender aos prefeitos do partido. Sob esse ponto de vista, uma pessoa pode argumentar que naÌ?o usa o cinto porque naÌ?o estaÌ? arriscando a vida de terceiros.
+HAGOROMO DE ZEAMI, de Haroldo de Campos. EstaçaÌ?o Liberdade. 103 paÌ?gs. Cr$ 6.160
+ Mika Hakkinen
+O que naÌ?o ocorreu foi a esperada diferença democraÌ?tica que esta descida aÌ? terra faria. Na falta dela, o compromisso social dos especialistas, incluiÌ?da aiÌ? a dose normal de progressismo, eÌ? o mesmo que ir tocando o serviço, e a combatividade do engajamento pode ter algo de um lobby de si proÌ?prio. Em um outro Monza vinho, placas LS9578, deixado na avenida Rio de Janeiro, perto da RodoviaÌ?ria, em SaÌ?o CristoÌ?vaÌ?o, foram encontrados mais quatro corpos.
+Com os detentores dos privileÌ?gios?», ataca OliÌ?vio. 'Ainda naÌ?o sei o que aconteceu com RaiÌ?'. O teÌ?cnico Carlos Alberto Parreira, em entrevista exclusiva aÌ? Folha, fala de sua experieÌ?ncia na Copa do Mundo
+Nem de longe sua missaÌ?o estaÌ? encerrada: ainda haÌ? vaÌ?rios obstaÌ?culos decisivos a serem enfrentados.Como reagiriam as pessoas se ele lavasse as maÌ?os e começasse a percorrer o paiÌ?s, pedindo votos?
+Saiu com a plateÌ?ia aplaudindo-o de peÌ?. 'Ele salvou a vida de minha tia'. Da enviada especial ao PiauiÌ?
+Segundo o delegado Francisco GastaÌ?o, da DivisaÌ?o de HomiciÌ?dios foram encontrados na casa de Valente mais dez aÌ?lbuns de rapazes e de travestis. A Argentina hoje estaÌ? jogando mal, mas eÌ? sempre assim: nunca saÌ?o favoritos e sempre se daÌ?o bem. A ColoÌ?mbia tambeÌ?m tem grandes chances.
+O Partido Trabalhista evita discutir o assunto e alega razoÌ?es objetivas para ter recusado as pessoas. Se estas cifras naÌ?o forem suficientes para demonstrar os claros benefiÌ?cios deste processo de integraçaÌ?o, os seguintes fatos tambeÌ?m saÌ?o suficientes para comprovar o eÌ?xito do Mercosul:
+NaÌ?o existem ainda supersoÌ?nicos como o F-16 capazes de pouso e decolagem verticais. O uso ou naÌ?o da tecnologia MATV em novos avioÌ?es ou mesmo nos jaÌ? existentes vai depender de seu custo adicional, em uma eÌ?poca de orçamentos militares decrescentes. A instalaçaÌ?o do novo bocal de escape no F-16 acrescentou apenas 181 kg a um aviaÌ?o que pesa, vazio, quase sete toneladas e pode decolar ateÌ? com o dobro disso em armas e combustiÌ?vel.
+ Da Reportagem Local
+Ganhamos!
+O centroavante brasileiro NiÌ?lson marcou treÌ?s gols na vitoÌ?ria do Albacete sobre o Oviedo por 5 a 0 e reclama para si um pouco da atençaÌ?o que a imprensa local dedica a RomaÌ?rio. CORRUPÇAÌ?O
+O deputado reeleito JoseÌ? AniÌ?bal (PSDB-SP) e o advogado Miguel Reale JuÌ?nior estaÌ?o no mesmo caso. O chefe do plantaÌ?o, Guilermo Lopez, e a meÌ?dica DeÌ?bora da Silveira disseram que naÌ?o puderam atendeÌ?-lo porque falta ao hospital um serviço de emergeÌ?ncia. Lopez e DeÌ?bora recomendaram aos parentes que levassem Ramos Neto para o hospital do AndaraiÌ?, a 2 km de distaÌ?ncia.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+A Justiça Federal revogou a liminar que concedia aÌ? Vasp o direito de pagar em 240 meses seus deÌ?bitos de US$ 45,7 milhoÌ?es com o INSS (Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social), referentes aÌ?s contribuiçoÌ?es patronais de janeiro de 91 a novembro de 92. O INSS jaÌ? havia parcelado a diÌ?vida em 96 meses, corrigida pela TRD (Taxa Referencial DiaÌ?ria). Allen Mandelbaum (competente tradutor da iÌ?ntegra das «Metamorfoses», mais de 12 mil versos, para o ingleÌ?s, Harcourt Brace & Co., New York, 1993, trabalho que me foi assinalado por Nelson Ascher):
+Mas eÌ? preciso ainda lembrar a sua posiçaÌ?o a respeito da funçaÌ?o social da cieÌ?ncia, baseada num ponto de vista democraÌ?tico que elaborou a partir da sociologia durkheimiana. Ao contraÌ?rio de muitos dos seus contemporaÌ?neos, via, para aleÌ?m da formaçaÌ?o intelectual seletiva, a necessidade de alargar cada vez mais as oportunidades, de maneira a reduzir o corte aristocraÌ?tico tradicional. No horizonte da sua mente estava a ideÌ?ia de uma repuÌ?blica realmente igualitaÌ?ria, para a qual a instruçaÌ?o deveria preparar membros conscientes no seu conjunto, naÌ?o guias seletos de massa tutelada (como acaba sendo a teoria do liberalismo esclarecido).
+O organismo (a lei fala em «quadrilha») estaÌ? salvo. No caso brasileiro nunca houve metaÌ?stases. Os agentes canceriÌ?genos continuam em atividade, mudam de cobaias que por definiçaÌ?o saÌ?o descartaÌ?veis.
+Os 250 anos da chegada ao Brasil da imagem do Senhor do Bonfim foram comemorados ontem, em Salvador (BA), com uma procissaÌ?o que reuniu cerca de 200 mil catoÌ?licos, segundo a PM. A procissaÌ?o saiu aÌ?s 8h do centro histoÌ?rico da cidade conduzida por dom Lucas, 200 padres e missionaÌ?rios. Saldos continuam sendo corrigidos pela TR do dia 10
+Quem naÌ?o conseguiu viajar nesse feriado naÌ?o precisa se desesperar. Se voceÌ? gosta de rock, tem programa marcado para o fim-de-semana prolongado inteiro. VoceÌ? vai bater ponto no Centro Cultural SaÌ?o Paulo, que faz o festival «Sintonia do Rock», com shows marcados de hoje ateÌ? domingo.
+ Solidariedade quer protesto de 50 mil
+ProduçaÌ?o: Inglaterra, 1985, 93 min. DireçaÌ?o: Stephen Frears
+Para o governo libaneÌ?s, naÌ?o foi apenas coincideÌ?ncia o atentado ter ocorrido menos de 48 horas depois do massacre contra palestinos na mesquita de Hebron, na CisjordaÌ?nia ocupada. O primeiro-ministro Rafik al Hariri, muçulmano, visitou a igreja logo depois da explosaÌ?o e disse que ela foi executada por «maÌ?os estrangeiras» para «encobrir» a matança em Hebron. AcusaçaÌ?o semelhante foi feita pelo chanceler, o maronita Fariz Bouez.
+Mas haÌ? um passado a resolver. O esquema, como se veÌ?, naÌ?o difere muito dos filmes da eÌ?poca da Guerra Fria em que alieniÌ?genas invadem e tentam dominar a Terra. Apesar desse racismo fundamental, o filme eÌ? diversaÌ?o garantida, a mostrar que Kaufman, depois de bater cabeça com a literatura «culta» (Kundera, Henry Miller), fez bem em buscar refuÌ?gio no velho e bom entretenimento.
+O resultado disso eÌ? um desastre. Folha -- VoceÌ? poderia dar um exemplo?
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Fortaleza
+ Paralelo CR$ 775,00/780,00
+Todos os clubes teÌ?m 27 pontos. Voltando como presidente eleito caso vença no primeiro turno para o paiÌ?s onde se exilou. mil novos casos de caÌ?ncer ovariano foram registrados nos EUA ano passado.
+Os exames acontecem entre 9 e 12 de janeiro, aÌ?s 8h. O restante das vendas dos carros fica distribuiÌ?da entre operaçoÌ?es de arrendamento, com 3%; financiamentos, 7%; e negoÌ?cios aÌ? vista, com 20%. As medidas governamentais podem naÌ?o afetar de maneira expressiva o faturamento global das empresas, mas foram uma ducha de aÌ?gua fria nas operaçoÌ?es do setor bancaÌ?rio.
+NoÌ?s naÌ?o temos mercado paralelo!»
+ 1. Primeiras denuÌ?ncias
+Em meio ao futebol lento de entaÌ?o, surgem lampejos de jogadas modernas. A 1min do segundo tempo, Carlos Alberto faz uma jogada de «overlapping» comum hoje em dia, mas rara haÌ? 24 anos, ultrapassando o ponta para cruzar. PeleÌ? chega atrasado e perde o gol.
+ Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+Pereira conta com o reforço do zagueiro Wilson Mano e do meia Souza. Gralak e Casagrande voltam para o banco de reservas. Os dois vigias que fazem a segurança do parque ouviram os tiros.
+Ele defende o fim dos leiloÌ?es porque avalia que o governo estaÌ? vendendo cafeÌ? subsidiado de seus estoques para as induÌ?strias. Dados da Febec mostram que o consumidor, no Brasil, paga R$ 7,2 o quilo do cafeÌ? torrado e moiÌ?do, contra os R$ 6,8, convertidos de doÌ?lar para real, desembolsados pelo produto nos EUA. «As pessoas teÌ?m dificuldades em entender o que fazemos», ele diz, «mas acho que o tempo estaÌ? emparelhando com a gente.
+ ImoÌ?vel 'marcado' dificulta negoÌ?cio
+«A identidade de Carmen Miranda estaÌ? caracterizada na vestimenta e maquiagem das atrizes. EÌ? imagem distinta de outras baianas». Denilma naÌ?o apareceraÌ? no raÌ?dio e televisaÌ?o
+ Jogadores italianos estaÌ?o com saudades de pizza
+Folha -- Ele entaÌ?o partiu para uma espeÌ?cie de suiciÌ?dio poliÌ?tico?
+Agora eÌ? a vez de as meninas disputarem o Grand Prix da AÌ?sia, uma competiçaÌ?o que reuÌ?ne as mais importantes seleçoÌ?es de voÌ?lei feminino do mundo. Segundos dados oficiais da Cetesb, a meÌ?dia anual do IQA (IÌ?ndice de Qualidade da AÌ?gua) caiu de 21,1 (ruim), em 1990, para 17,6 (peÌ?ssimo), em 93, e para 13,4 (peÌ?ssimo), no primeiro semestre de 94. O promotor Motauri Ciocchetti de Souza, 29, de Justiça do Meio Ambiente, solicita ao secretaÌ?rio de Planejamento e GestaÌ?o, JoseÌ? Fernando Boucinhas, coÌ?pia dos relatoÌ?rios de mediçaÌ?o dos iÌ?ndices IQA, DBO (Demanda BioquiÌ?mica de OxigeÌ?nio) e DQO (Demanda QuiÌ?mica de OxigeÌ?nio).
+Os anos 80 representaram uma revoluçaÌ?o na criaçaÌ?o de novas letras. A era do computador marcou o renascimento de uma velha arte a caligrafia e a revalorizaçaÌ?o de uma antiga profissaÌ?o o caliÌ?grafo, o desenhista de letras. Somente 3.502 pessoas pagaram ingresso para ver ontem a final do torneio, entre Palmeiras e Pe¤arol.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+O mito de Eros e Psique eÌ? o ponto de partida desta comeÌ?dia que discute as relaçoÌ?es entre homem e mulher. Centro Cultural SaÌ?o Paulo -- espaço FlaÌ?vio ImpeÌ?rio (r. Vergueiro, 1.000, tel. 277-3611).
+Se a direçaÌ?o da Delco naÌ?o exerce controle sobre seus funcionaÌ?rios, os proÌ?prios times de produçaÌ?o acabam cumprindo esse papel. «Se uma pessoa falta muito sem justificativa, naÌ?o faz as horas-extras combinadas, sai antes da hora, acaba prejudicando o grupo, sobrecarregando os outros. O time mesmo acaba descartando ele», afirma o operador de produçaÌ?o Udival Romani Jr., 26.
+O.J. Simpson fez uma grande carreira durante os anos 70 no time de futebol americano do Buffalo Bill. Depois tornou-se ator (fez seÌ?ries de televisaÌ?o e filmes de Hollywood). Atualmente, era comentarista de futebol americano na televisaÌ?o.
+«Esse graxa naÌ?o eÌ? a mais indicada. O ideal eÌ? usar o produto original de faÌ?brica», alerta Rodrigues. JoseÌ? Alencar Gomes da Silva (PMDB) vem em terceiro lugar, com 6%, e Antonio Carlos Pereira (PT), estaÌ? em quarto, com 5%.
+ Da Reportagem Local
+ Rio Grande do Sul 2
+Nos lançamentos a deÌ?bito nas contas de pessoas juriÌ?dicas para pagamento do papel e de demais mateÌ?rias-primas e produtos intermediaÌ?rios adquiridos e destinados aÌ? impressaÌ?o de livros, jornais e perioÌ?dicos, quando realizada pelo proÌ?prio fabricante, editor ou empresa jornaliÌ?stica, naÌ?o haveraÌ? incideÌ?ncia do IPMF, devendo o titular abrir uma conta corrente de depoÌ?sito destinada exclusivamente aos pagamentos das aquisiçoÌ?es jaÌ? mencionadas. (Fundamento: Portarias MF 699/93; 009/94 e 38/94)
+A responsabilidade pelo fracasso das reformas jamais seraÌ? debitada a essas muÌ?mias da poliÌ?tica como Humberto Lucena, Itamar Franco, InoceÌ?ncio de Oliveira de quem nunca se esperou nada mesmo. Se o ministro naÌ?o superar sua indecisaÌ?o e naÌ?o se colocar imediatamente a campo para comandar as reformas e salvar a revisaÌ?o independentemente de ser candidato ou naÌ?o a histoÌ?ria naÌ?o o perdoaraÌ?. O uÌ?nico gol buÌ?lgaro foi marcado no final do primeiro tempo: Stoichkov, cobrando peÌ?nalti.
+O incidente, no entanto, resultou em fato positivo para o basquete. Resgata a maior atraçaÌ?o dos campeonatos regionais e brasileiro, ou seja, o desafio na quadra das duas estrelas. Spencer atendeempresas alemaÌ?s
+«Quando o barranco caiu, a gente saiu correndo», afirma a «requeira» Maria Sampaio. «Desta vez eu me assombrei, fiquei mais arisca.»
+2) Aposentam-se com vencimentos integrais. Deputado denuncia transplantes do Iamspe
+Os estreptococos saÌ?o microÌ?bios que parecem microscoÌ?picas bolinhas (cocos), que se apresentam em pares ou em cadeias mais ou menos longas. A ruptura deste ciÌ?rculo vicioso, conquistando a almejada estabilidade monetaÌ?ria, passa, como dissemos acima, pela criaçaÌ?o de um ambiente de investimento produtivo duradouro. SaÌ?o basicamente treÌ?s as condiçoÌ?es necessaÌ?rias para a existeÌ?ncia, no Brasil, deste ambiente.
+Na ItaÌ?lia, Roberto Baggio treÌ?s chutes por jogo. As meÌ?dias de Mauro Silva, Mazinho, RaiÌ? e Zinho tendiam a zero ateÌ? ontem. Na semifinal, entretanto, os treÌ?s uÌ?ltimos, os meias considerados ofensivos, se projetaram mais aÌ? frente.
+Pedro Malan disse que eÌ? «mentira» qualquer informaçaÌ?o de que o governo pretende adotar qualquer tipo de congelamento com a chegada do real. Ele disse tambeÌ?m que ainda naÌ?o desistiu de ter o economista Francisco Lopes ocupando uma diretoria especial do BC para cuidar da nova moeda, o real. Lopes jaÌ? recusou formalmente o convite, mas Malan disse que vai insistir.
+Motivo: estava sem emprego. Julia Child e Simca Beck escreveram juntas «Mastering the Art of French Cooking», provando que era possiÌ?vel fazer comida francesa sem todo o «la-de-da», toda a frescura, todo o mito que insinuava que aquilo era soÌ? para poucos e bons. E conseguiram.
+No uÌ?ltimo dia, haveraÌ? uma uÌ?nica confereÌ?ncia:
+ Canal: Bandeirantes, 21h45
+Ao cabo da «trans-criaçaÌ?o» do Canto 1 do poema, o resultado me fez pensar que, em portugueÌ?s, o que haÌ? de mais proÌ?ximo em afinaçaÌ?o sensiÌ?vel em relaçaÌ?o ao original; mais proÌ?ximo em dicçaÌ?o, com seus paralelismos, suas repetiçoÌ?es e ateÌ? na paronomaÌ?sia de base consonantal («as SEREIAS anunciaraÌ?o as SEARAS»), o que haÌ? de mais proÌ?ximo do que qualquer das versoÌ?es expliÌ?citas do «Shir Hashshirim» em nossa liÌ?ngua, em relaçaÌ?o aÌ? força e aÌ? beleza do original hebraico, eÌ? o «CaÌ?ntico dos CaÌ?nticos para Flauta e ViolaÌ?o» de Oswald de Andrade, que naÌ?o eÌ? traduçaÌ?o nem paraÌ?frase, mas que brotou de uma congenialidade liÌ?rica, de uma voz ao mesmo tempo despojada e cantante, de timbre afim (embora Oswald, que talvez tenha lido o poema hebreu na versaÌ?o sensaborona do Pe. Antonio Pereira de Figueiredo, por via da Vulgata latina, jamais pudesse ter imaginado uma convergeÌ?ncia desse niÌ?vel, que me permito prazerosamente
constatar aÌ? sua revelia... )
+Ricca, que aleÌ?m de produtor, interpreta Treplev, filho da atriz Irina ArcaÌ?dina (Walderez de Barros) diz que seu personagem eÌ? difiÌ?cil, «algueÌ?m que quer escrever e fazer as coisas como elas aparecem». As cotaçoÌ?es devem dar novo salto (2,1%) em 1995, segundo o relatoÌ?rio, desta vez acompanhadas pelas do petroÌ?leo (alta prevista de 5,9%). Os analistas do Fundo acreditam que a incerteza sobre o fim do embargo do petroÌ?leo ao Iraque manteve ao longo do tempo as pressoÌ?es baixistas sobre os preços do oÌ?leo cru no mercado internacional.
+ NELSON BLECHER
+A maÌ?quina pode cortar 100 mil peças por meÌ?s, em um turno de oito horas de trabalho. Custa US$ 140 mil, mais impostos. Outra maÌ?quina para corte de tecido foi mostrada pela Infotex, que representa a Gerber.
+O melhor ataque da Copa SaÌ?o Paulo de Juniores enfrenta hoje aÌ?s 20h no Pacaembu a melhor defesa da competiçaÌ?o. O SaÌ?o Paulo, que jaÌ? marcou 22 gols no torneio, joga contra o VitoÌ?ria-BA, time que sofreu apenas um gol no campeonato. A partida vale pelas quartas-de-final e quem perder estaÌ? fora da Copa SaÌ?o Paulo.
+HAMILTON MELLAÌ?O JR. Especial para a Folha
+ Diretor da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+«A Prefeitura tinha que retomar essas e tantas outras obras que estavam paralisadas pela administraçaÌ?o anterior.»
+Viu-se, sim, um maior equiliÌ?brio entre as seleçoÌ?es. O cinema eÌ? uma arte mais inesperada que a poliÌ?tica. Pode-se gostar de Rossellini sem ser catoÌ?lico, pode-se admirar Eisenstein sem ser comunista.
+Os eleitores do ex-presidente JoseÌ? Sarney foram os que mais citaram o problema (30%). Os eleitores do ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, veÌ?m a seguir, com 27%. Depois do primeiro gol, o time africano foi se desarrumando taticamente e acabou de vez com a expulsaÌ?o do garoto Song Bahanag, 17 anos.
+No filme, a maÌ?e de Jesse tambeÌ?m eÌ? professora. O pai de Wyatt possui uma loja de pedras manufaturadas para construçaÌ?o civil. Muçulmanos fecham o cerco a cidade boÌ?snia
+Por sorte, naÌ?o sinto muita influeÌ?ncia da televisaÌ?o na linguagem dos filmes. Mas a televisaÌ?o eÌ? a principal financiadora do cinema, e isso aÌ?s vezes traz problemas. «Mary per Sempre», por exemplo, teve muita dificuldade de passar na televisaÌ?o.
+Por favor!
+Ruth -- Lucimar... o que que o jegue taÌ? fazendo na sua cama!?
+ Pista da RepuÌ?blica do LiÌ?bano fica interditada
+NaÌ?o tem interesse social. O poder puÌ?blico estaÌ? fazendo isso para absorver a valorizaçaÌ?o imobiliaÌ?ria da aÌ?rea. Sou contraÌ?rio por considerar inconstitucional a desapropriapaÌ?o por zona.
+EÌ? fundamental que os outros treÌ?s presidentes participem. O presidente Itamar desistiu de obter uma retrataçaÌ?o formal de Menem, mas ateÌ? agora deixou em aberto sua ida a Buenos Aires. Telecine estreÌ?ia novo pacote de filmes no proÌ?ximo meÌ?s
+ Disco: Pretty Woman
+Quase nem sombra, soÌ? a fala do ar. DiÌ?namo angelical!
+Dahlin, atacante da SueÌ?cia, sobre a seleçaÌ?o brasileira
+A seleçaÌ?o viaja amanhaÌ? para o Rio. Na quarta-feira, faz o uÌ?ltimo amistoso com os italianos no ginaÌ?sio do MaracanaÌ?zinho. Minha tendeÌ?ncia pessoal eÌ? pela revisaÌ?o, atraveÌ?s de emenda que a autorize.
+E tome suspense. De novo:
+ Da Folha Norte
+Devem-se, antes de tudo, aos lugares ocupados pelas economias da Alemanha e da ItaÌ?lia na economia capitalista e mundial e aÌ?quele que a ex-URSS chegou a ocupar na correlaçaÌ?o mundial de forças; e o desequiliÌ?brio fundamental deu-se com a entrada dos EUA na guerra. A ideÌ?ia de Fernando Henrique Cardoso eÌ? fazer seu sucessor para que deÌ? andamento ao plano, o qual ainda teraÌ? etapas decisivas pela frente como a criaçaÌ?o da nova moeda. Desde o iniÌ?cio, imaginou-se que a melhor soluçaÌ?o seria indicar um poliÌ?tico ligado ao PSDB e com traÌ?nsito entre os teÌ?cnicos que administram o plano.
+ Palavra de produtor
+*. Passes
+ReceÌ?m-chegada de Mala-Mala e Sabi-Sabi, Myriam Abicair daÌ? toques de AÌ?frica a seu siÌ?tio Sete Voltas. Maria Christina de Andrade Vieira faz parte agora do Conselho Consultivo do Centro UniversitaÌ?rio Maria AntoÌ?nia. O projeto preveÌ? tambeÌ?m a possibilidade de apreensaÌ?o dos valores, como medida cautelar, para tanto bastando a existeÌ?ncia de indiÌ?cios da autoria dos fatos criminosos.
+O lateral-direito Valmir e o meia Ludo vaÌ?o desfalcar o Bragantino no jogo decisivo do proÌ?ximo domingo contra o Corinthians, aÌ?s 16h, no Morumbi, em SaÌ?o Paulo. Escrevo isso pensando no caso de Francisco Weffort, ex-secretaÌ?rio-geral do PT, membro fundador e ideoÌ?logo do partido, que terminou entrando para o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso como ministro da Cultura. Se quisermos usar de um vocabulaÌ?rio dramaÌ?tico: aderiu ao adversaÌ?rio da veÌ?spera, em troca de um cargo no governo.
+NonoÌ? -- Jamais foi um julgamento ideoloÌ?gico. Aqui nunca houve pacto de partidos, de direita ou de esquerda. Apesar disso, Lula fez uma ressalva, afirmando que FHC estaÌ? «copiando» o ex-presidente.
+ ALINE SORDILI
+O oceano contribui com maior evaporaçaÌ?o, sem que as chuvas consigam dissipar o calor da atmosfera. Para o cientista, isso favoreceria o aumento da temperatura da atmosfera e da superfiÌ?cie dos oceanos. Ele estudou dados de sateÌ?lites e experimentos no PaciÌ?fico.
+O «Folha / AureÌ?lio» eÌ? patrocinado pelo Banco Bamerindus e American Express. Meyer foi para os EUA atraveÌ?s do programa de Recursos Humanos em AÌ?reas EstrateÌ?gicas. Aprendeu no laboratoÌ?rio de geneÌ?tica e evoluçaÌ?o humana de Stanford os meÌ?todos para rastrear a origem e cruzamento das populaçoÌ?es humanas atraveÌ?s da pesquisa geneÌ?tica.
+«Veio assinar a ficha?»
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+O lugar exato e perfeito para exercitar um sonho e tornar real as fantasias de cineÌ?filo. Poucos pistoleiros no mundo atiraram taÌ?o bem quanto Clint neste filme (todos vieram depois dele). EÌ? capaz de abater meia duÌ?zia de viloÌ?es num piscar de olhos, antes que eles pensem em sacar suas armas.
+Na Sun & Sea. US$ 2.210, sete dias no Costa Classica; saiÌ?das 7,14, 21 e 28/1, de Miami. Escalas: Playa del Carmen, Cozumel, Ochos Rios, St. Thomas e San Juan.
+ Adiada por uma semana, a novela vai ao ar pela quarta vez na TV brasileira, desta vez em dois horaÌ?rios
+O ouro, muito mais que o doÌ?lar, naÌ?o eÌ? investimento recomendado no momento atual. As cotaçoÌ?es estaÌ?o deprimidas, junto com o doÌ?lar, e naÌ?o haÌ? razoÌ?es para que este quadro se altere mesmo a meÌ?dio prazo. «Ontem me preparei para assistir pela TV ao filme »Blue Chips«.
+ Beisebol
+Nem muÌ?sica de Marina Lima adianta mais. Por causa da crise hoteleira que assolou o Rio, desde ontem o Marina Palace fechou suas portas. Key West tem ainda um aquaÌ?rio simpaÌ?tico (na praça Mallory) e dezenas daquelas lojas dispensaÌ?veis onde o turista encontra camisetas, estamparia e artesanato local.
+Edevair Farias foi nomeado diretor de futebol do clube carioca, em que RomaÌ?rio diz querer jogar um dia. O ex-centroavante Luisinho, ex-AmeÌ?rica e do Flamengo, eÌ? o novo teÌ?cnico. O Brasil vence pela 4ª vez no Grand Prix
+ indeciso
+Os dois lados se acusaram de violar a treÌ?gua. Os ataques de ontem atingiram a populaçaÌ?o de bairros residenciais da capital. Segundo os hospitais, 4 crianças morreram e 20 civis ficaram feridos em um bombardeio a um bairro proÌ?ximo ao porto de AÌ?den.
+ DiretoÌ?rios paulistas repudiam aliança
+NaÌ?o conseguiu resolver o problema da caça para sobreviveÌ?ncia nem da criaçaÌ?o em cativeiro de animais silvestres, como o jacareÌ?. Os conflitos entre uma personalidade e outra sempre existiraÌ?o, mas precisam ser superadas para que haja harmonia necessaÌ?ria para o bom funcionamento do empreendimento. A situaçaÌ?o ideal eÌ? a de equiliÌ?brio entre as treÌ?s qualificaçoÌ?es.
+ Pousada da Gruta
+A CaÌ?mara, no Rio de Janeiro, tinha muito de simbolismo. O plenaÌ?rio guardava os restos da «belle eÌ?poque», com seus vitrais e a cuÌ?pula. Nas tribunas de honra podiam ser vistas damas elegantes participando do espetaÌ?culo.
+ (Celso Muniz -- JoaÌ?o Pessoa, PB)
+O mutiraÌ?o faz parte de uma ofensiva «antimendigo» adotada pelo administrador regional da SeÌ?, Victor David, 64. Ele quer «manter a cidade limpa». A estabilizaçaÌ?o mais consistente da inflaçaÌ?o ainda estaÌ? por vir.
+A histoÌ?ria de Ouro Preto começa com as expediçoÌ?es dos bandeirantes paulistas, no final do seÌ?culo 17, aÌ? regiaÌ?o de Minas. Segundo o jesuiÌ?ta Antonil (1650-1716), foi um mulato que acompanhava uma delas que encontrou certos graÌ?os escuros ao se servir de aÌ?gua no coÌ?rrego TripuiÌ?. Cobain queria escrever a cançaÌ?o perfeita
+A AvareÌ? lançou desde refresco concentrado a iogurte em saco plaÌ?stico. Esse uÌ?ltimo reduz o preço para o consumidor. Tempo de recordar
+SeraÌ? que esses fracassos foram somente de personalidades individuais?
+Bloqueio -- a ItaÌ?lia eÌ? mais forte do que o Brasil. Enquanto Gardini e Gravina conseguem formar uma verdadeira muralha na rede, o Brasil, com CarlaÌ?o e PaulaÌ?o erra mais. Ponto para os italianos.
+Resta agora a outros setores da sociedade, como os empresaÌ?rios, por exemplo, ajudar a promover essa mudança, naÌ?o com poliÌ?cia, mas com uma bandeira, um sonho, um projeto poliÌ?tico claro e definido, capaz de fundar uma sociedade proÌ?spera e justa com mais empregos, salaÌ?rios melhores, menos impostos e taxas de juros menores. JOSEÌ? EDUARDO DE ANDRADE VIEIRA, 55, empresaÌ?rio, eÌ? senador da RepuÌ?blica (pelo PTB do ParanaÌ?) e presidente nacional do partido. Foi ministro da InduÌ?stria, do ComeÌ?rcio e do Turismo (governo Itamar Franco).
+Os dois acusados de roubar 14,6 toneladas de carne de um caminhaÌ?o do frigoriÌ?fico ItarumaÌ?, de Jales (SP), presos ontem, teriam acusado um investigador policial de ser o receptador da mercadoria. Janiel Pereira de Oliveira, 20, e Ivanildo JoseÌ? Pereira, 30, foram detidos no km 85 da rodovia FernaÌ?o Dias, Parque Novo Mundo (zona norte de SaÌ?o Paulo). Detran entra com açaÌ?o contra cinto
+ Ofertas: 500
+Os micros baseados em chips 486 foram os mais vendidos no mercado brasileiro em 1993. Os modelos 486SX, segundo levantamento realizado pela AutomaÌ?tica (que reuÌ?ne os fabricantes brasileiros) conquistaram 45% das vendas do mercado no ano passado. O preço dos micros dessa linha apresentaram reduçaÌ?o de preços de 35% no periÌ?odo de 12 meses terminados em dezembro de 1993.
+Galbraith -- NaÌ?o haÌ? duÌ?vida de que o desenvolvimento econoÌ?mico moderno, de que o desenvolvimento cultural moderno colocam os povos de diferentes paiÌ?ses em uma maior proximidade comunitaÌ?ria. Eu naÌ?o gosto da palavra «globalismo» porque ela esconde mais do que revela. Mas o que sabemos eÌ? que hoje as fronteiras nacionais significam muito menos do que significavam uma geraçaÌ?o atraÌ?s.
+Nas linhas de Cataratas e TreÌ?s Lagoas, o preço vai a CR$ 900,00. ParanaÌ? 2
+O outro recurso, que interessa mais aqui, consiste em delegar aÌ? proÌ?pria histoÌ?ria, que vamos inventando, a tarefa de fundamentar nossas escolhas, apostando que nossa histoÌ?ria de indiviÌ?duos se constitua em uma sorte de patrimoÌ?nio naÌ?o de tradiçaÌ?o (que naÌ?o queremos), mas pelo menos de experieÌ?ncia. Ela seria assim o horizonte comum necessaÌ?rio ao diaÌ?logo onde os princiÌ?pios morais, superiores aÌ?s leis, se decidiriam segundo as liçoÌ?es do passado. Confronto marca primeiro dia do congresso de jornalismo no Rio
+No mesmo dia da inauguraçaÌ?o seraÌ? aberta no pavilhaÌ?o das feiras com 17 mil m 2 o 1º salaÌ?o da criança, com parque, aÌ?rea de lazer e lojas de brinquedos. A feira vai ateÌ? 16 de outubro. SP MARKET CENTER av. NaçoÌ?es Unidas, 22.540, Jurubatuba (zona sul).
+O plano abre a possibilidade para que estudiosos de todo o mundo tenham acesso aÌ?s obras. O projeto piloto da IBM criaraÌ? imagem digital de alguns volumes, manuscritos e obras de artes, que poderaÌ? ser arquivada em discos de computador. O objetivo do governo, segundo os analistas, naÌ?o eÌ? exatamente forçar a alta das cotaçoÌ?es, mas impedir novas quedas.
+A SeçaÌ?o Brasileira da Anistia Internacional lançou ontem na Universidade de SaÌ?o Paulo (USP) a «Campanha contra 'Desaparecimentos' e ExecuçoÌ?es Extra-Judiciais» ocorridos em vaÌ?rios paiÌ?ses. A Anistia eÌ? uma entidade apartidaÌ?ria de defesa dos direitos humanos. Foi fundada em 1961, tem sede em Londres e representantes em cerca de 150 paiÌ?ses.
+Uma micropipeta, manipulada com a ajuda de microscoÌ?pios, permite que um uÌ?nico espermatozoÌ?ide seja injetado no interior do citoplasma do oÌ?vulo. ApoÌ?s o congresso, cerca de 600 pessoas ficaram na aÌ?rea, com a permissaÌ?o de Sassi, para preparar a invasaÌ?o que ocorreria seis meses depois. O PT deu apoio poliÌ?tico aberto aÌ? invasaÌ?o.
+ Da Reportagem Local
+«Mas a URV teÌ?m influeÌ?ncia na medida em que freou os negoÌ?cios em fevereiro, o que foi retomado apoÌ?s sua introduçaÌ?o, em março», avalia Bernardini. O drama eÌ? que ningueÌ?m, ateÌ? agora, conseguiu poÌ?r de peÌ? alguma poliÌ?tica que seja realmente eficiente para reduzir o desemprego. Tampouco haÌ? coincideÌ?ncias no diagnoÌ?stico.
+Carlos Alberto Parreira, teÌ?cnico da seleçaÌ?o brasileira, sobre a atividade sexual dos jogadores durante a Copa do Mundo, hoje na Folha. AUTOCRIÌ?TICA
+Ingesson, da SueÌ?cia, que calça o nuÌ?mero 52. Receita arrecada R$ 5,6 bi em outubro
+Arlindo Lisboa estaÌ? preso no BatalhaÌ?o de Choque da PM. A poliÌ?cia vai investigar a participaçaÌ?o dele na chacina. Segundo a poliÌ?cia teÌ?cnica, pelos menos cinco armas foram usadas na chacina.
+Eles morreriam ao nascer. (Eunice Nunes)
+ Especial para a Folha
+Base: 1 jogo. O ASSISTENTE*. Ele disse que a confecçaÌ?o de calendaÌ?rios na graÌ?fica do Senado eÌ? uma praÌ?tica comum entre os deputados federais e senadores.
+Firme na fala e na açaÌ?o, HeraÌ?clito naÌ?o esboçava cautela. Assim agiu ao ser recebido pelo jovem Marco Maciel. O assessor, jaÌ? muito alto e esqueleÌ?tico, usava terno branco e gravata vermelha.
+ li
+ SIÌ?LVIO LANCELLOTTI
+A American Airlines vai deixar de fazer voÌ?os que naÌ?o saÌ?o lucrativos, em continuidade ao programa de reduçaÌ?o de custos. Choro em URV
+O juiz Yassin Ahmed, da 1ª Vara Criminal de Santo AndreÌ?, decretou ontem a prisaÌ?o temporaÌ?ria dos irmaÌ?os Reinaldo e Luiz AntoÌ?nio Malpica, de Alexandre Malpica (primo de Reinaldo e Luiz) e de AndreÌ? Vieira da Silva. Os quatro saÌ?o acusados de agredir e torturar os primos Rosivaldo Queiroz Barros, 25, e Manuel DamiaÌ?o Souto da Silva, 21, no uÌ?ltimo dia 28 na subsede da torcida palmeirense Mancha Verde em Santo AndreÌ?. Folha -- O sr. pretende restaurar a noçaÌ?o de mito no «Anel».
+Um comiteÌ? eleitoral independente procura informar os novos eleitores e garantir ao maÌ?ximo a lisura das eleiçoÌ?es. Agora soÌ? resta esperar que o comparecimento em massa da populaçaÌ?o aÌ?s urnas desencoraje os partidaÌ?rios da violeÌ?ncia e que os graves problemas do paiÌ?s se resolvam na composiçaÌ?o do primeiros governo multirracial do paiÌ?s. Remo empata com o CriciuÌ?ma por 2 a 2
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Salvador
+O comerciante MaÌ?rio SeÌ?rgio Arias foi preso no GuarujaÌ? em junho de 91 com 680 quilos de maconha. Acusado de ter ligaçoÌ?es com traficantes cariocas do Comando Vermelho, Arias estava em um siÌ?tio em PeruiÌ?be (SP). Arias disse ao ser preso que naÌ?o ficaria na cadeia por mais de duas semanas.
+ ViÌ?deo: Ele e Ela
+Com a ActionLaser 1.600, a empresa tenta se firmar no segmento de impressoras a laser, dominado pela Hewlett-Packard. (MarijoÌ? Zilveti)
+Jan van Riebeeck (1619-1677) -- HolandeÌ?s que fundou a Cidade do Cabo, em 1652. FuncionaÌ?rio da Companhia das IÌ?ndias Orientais, construiu um forte e um entreposto para abastecimento de navios. Shaka (1787-1828) -- Chefe tribal zulu que montou um impeÌ?rio.
+O grande problema do teÌ?cnico da Portuguesa, Fito Neves a escalaçaÌ?o de dois inexperientes juniores, Primo e Miltinho despertou preocupaçaÌ?o no time do SaÌ?o Paulo. «Sempre que algum garoto tem alguma chance, principalmente contra um time grande, a disposiçaÌ?o eÌ? muito grande», comentou o meia Muller, do SaÌ?o Paulo. No primeiro dia, isto me pareceu medieval e absurdo.
+Dalva dispensou a empresa e contratou um novo serviço. Essa decisaÌ?o resultou em uma açaÌ?o judicial do emprenteiro contra ela no Tribunal de Pequenas Causas. Entre eles, James McDougal, que com sua ex-mulher foram soÌ?cios do casal Bill Clinton, na eÌ?poca em que ele era governador de Arkansas, na empresa de construçaÌ?o civil Whitewater.
+Billeter -- A fotografia brasileira eÌ? excepcional e, hoje, eu gostaria de escrever um livro sobre ela. Salgado eÌ? um dos mais importantes fotoÌ?grafos da atualidade, Benedicto eÌ? um exemplo do trabalho de engajamento pessoal e Cravo Neto representa o movimento artiÌ?stico na fotografia. Folha -- Existem diferenças de estilo entre as fotografias latino-americana, europeÌ?ia e norte-americana?
+RennoÌ? alega uma defasagem meÌ?dia de 12 a 15% nos preços, enquanto a Secretaria de PoliÌ?tica EconoÌ?mica considera que a PetrobraÌ?s ainda tem «gordura» em funçaÌ?o da recomposiçaÌ?o realizada ao longo de 93. A organizaçaÌ?o do vestibular exige que o candidato chegue aÌ?s 13h. O exame dura quatro horas.
+E essa atitude soÌ? contribui para reforçar os comportamentos discriminatoÌ?rios», afirmou HeloiÌ?sa. O traço definidor mais persistente nessas imagens eÌ? a presença de uma mentalidade racista secular. Ao ver essas representaçoÌ?es do negro, do iÌ?ndio, do mulato, ao confirmar pela via do estereoÌ?tipo cultural e eÌ?tnico a diferença fiÌ?sica, o europeu estaÌ? ao mesmo tempo reafirmando a sua imagem de homem branco e cristaÌ?o.
+ C
+«Defender eÌ? taÌ?o importante como atacar.»
+«Alicinha Cavalcanti e Edilso Oliveira que se amam, convidam para celebrar todo o amor que houver nessa vida, na festa do seu casamento». O governo do presidente Carlos Salinas de Gortari enviou 12 mil soldados (um quinto do ExeÌ?rcito) para a regiaÌ?o. Nos combates que se seguiram, mais de cem pessoas morreram.
+AliaÌ?s, o adiantamento das perdas com o plano naÌ?o comtemplava toda a categoria. Parte dos aposentados e 1.100 contratados apoÌ?s 11 de junho de 1987 naÌ?o teriam direito a esse pagamento. Agora estamos estudando uma forma de conseguir uma alternativa que seja extensiva a todos.
+Para recuperar a United, Greenwald pretende dar poder aos funcionaÌ?rios para que eles decidam como realizar suas tarefas melhor e mais raÌ?pido, sempre tendo em vista o passageiro. Greenwald foi escolhido por Lee Iacocca para ajudaÌ?-lo a organizar a Chrysler na deÌ?cada de 70. A montadora, que estava quase falida, hoje eÌ? liÌ?der em design automobiliÌ?stico nos EUA.
+«A HistoÌ?ria Real Trama de uma SucessaÌ?o», livro escrito a quatro maÌ?os pelos jornalistas Gilberto Dimenstein e Josias de Souza, ambos diretores da sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia da Folha, tem muitos dos problemas que acometem os chamados «livros de oportunidade». Ao longo de suas paÌ?ginas, o leitor enfrenta um texto desigual, recheado de recursos que o empobrecem (como as muitas metaÌ?foras incoÌ?modas em sua obviedade), erros de gramaÌ?tica naÌ?o eliminados ateÌ? a terceira ediçaÌ?o, relatos que se repetem aqui e ali. Foi escrito aÌ?s pressas, como exigem os «livros de oportunidade», e naÌ?o consegue esconder isso.
+RegulamentaçaÌ?o: lei 5.194 de 24 de dezembro de 1966. O engenheiro sanitarista deve ser registrado no CREA (Conselho Regional de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia). Se desempenhar atividades ligadas aÌ? aÌ?rea quiÌ?mica, tambeÌ?m precisa ser registrado no CRQ (Conselho Regional de QuiÌ?mica), conforme a resoluçaÌ?o 43, de 5 de novembro de 1976
+TaÌ? pior que guia da Ouro Preto. Se tropeça numa palavra tem que começar tudo de novo. E da Hebe passo pra Cidinha Campos se defendendo no «Aqui Agora».
+Para ele, as denuÌ?ncias contra a empresa naÌ?o podem ser deslocadas para a sua campanha. Foram responsabilizados pelas mortes dos moradores da favela todos sem antecedentes criminais 28 policiais, a maioria do 9º BatalhaÌ?o (Rocha Miranda), onde estaria sediado o grupo de extermiÌ?nio Cavalos Corredores. Na madrugada de 23 de julho do mesmo ano, oito meninos de rua foram mortos a tiros em frente aÌ? igreja da CandelaÌ?ria (centro do Rio), local em que costumavam dormir sob marquises.
+Os sete dias de viagem com pensaÌ?o completa custam desde US$ 990. Em dezembro, a parte aeÌ?rea estaÌ? saindo por US$ 1.100, em meÌ?dia. As outras cinco vagas continuaraÌ?o a ser da companhia aeÌ?rea.
+Coelho -- NaÌ?o, isso varia. Ando sempre com meu laptop aÌ? maÌ?o, pois quando tenho alguma experieÌ?ncia interessante, preciso transcreveÌ?-la imediatamente para naÌ?o deixar escapar sua intensidade, sua particularidade. Meu principal desafio no «Maktub» eÌ? o tamanho.
+O advogado de Clinton disse ontem que eÌ? «prematuro» discutir se o presidente teraÌ? que ir aÌ? corte federal de Little Rock, Arkansas, para depor sobre o assunto. Mas afirmou achar difiÌ?cil que isso venha a ocorrer. O presidente dos EUA tem o privileÌ?gio, se quiser, de depor, quando intimado pela Justiça, em seu gabinete na Casa Branca.
+O espetaÌ?culo abriu a temporada 94 do «SaÌ?o Paulo Passo e Compasso», da Secretaria Municipal de Cultura. O projeto vai levar, a cada domingo, um espetaÌ?culo aÌ? praça da Paz. Em março, preveÌ? a Banda de Jazz da PoliÌ?cia Militar (proÌ?ximo domingo), a Companhia de Dança Lina Penteado (dia 13), o Zimbo Trio (20) e a Orquestra Experimental de RepertoÌ?rio e Coral LiÌ?rico Municipal (27).
+Com a segunda colocaçaÌ?o, Vitinho asumiu a liderança do WQS e do ranking brasileiro de surfe. Em terceiro ficou JojoÌ? de Olivença, seguido por Kias de Souza. O Rodeio teve 3,5 quilos de mussarela de buÌ?fala vencidos apreendidos e recebeu R$ 300 de multa.
+Branco -- Nunca. Isso eÌ? uma onda que tem em toda seleçaÌ?o. JaÌ? foi com Taffarel, RaiÌ?, Careca, que naÌ?o aguentou e foi embora.
+Os apresentadores Eliakim ArauÌ?jo e Leila Cordeiro ganham o livro «Como Usar o Carisma para Subir na Vida e Influenciar Pessoas», de autoria de Lair Ribeiro. A primeira-dama aÌ? beira de um ataque de nervos, Ruth Cardoso, leva garrafa teÌ?rmica com chazinho de maracujaÌ?, adoçado com muito mel. Ciclistas fazem protesto contra desmatamento
+Fazer boca-de-urna?
+ ClaÌ?udio Vinicuis Cerdeira
+ Bobby Rahal
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+}Se tivessem pedido essa autorizaçaÌ?o a Roma, ela naÌ?o teria sido dada, afirmou Parisi. AmeÌ?rica aumenta suapressaÌ?o contra Ponte
+Ampla visaÌ?o da cidade. Acesso ao pico do JaraguaÌ?, com 1.127 m de altura. Na parte baixa, playgrond, lagos, lanchonete e anfiteatro.
+Este centro dramaÌ?tico, aleÌ?m do mais, surge recoberto por uma pretensa e superficial camada de engenhosidades ceÌ?nicas, bastante parecidas com as de outras peças brasileiras da eÌ?poca. NaÌ?o lhe faltam, para tanto, nem serenatas, nem portas secretas, nem pessoas vestidas de negro, nem maÌ?scaras, nem desafios de duelo, nem muÌ?sica de fundo, nem mesmo o estrondoso «coup de theÌ?aÌ?tre» que antecede o desfecho:
+ AteÌ? tu, PT?
+TambeÌ?m eÌ? proibido usar brincos (para os meninos) e aconselhaÌ?vel naÌ?o mascar chicletes, se espreguiçar ou coçar o ouvido com caneta. Quem for mal na escola, eÌ? demitido. No ano passado, 70 adolescentes foram afastados porque perderam o ano.
+Folha -- Na sua opiniaÌ?o, os africaÌ?ners saÌ?o mais racistas do que os ingleses?
+Moreira Ferreira alerta que a reduçaÌ?o indiscriminada das aliÌ?quotas de importaçaÌ?o de bens de consumo duraÌ?veis vai causar queda no nuÌ?mero de empregos. A organizaçaÌ?o teve de instalar megateloÌ?es nas proximidades do estaÌ?dio. O jogo seraÌ? transmitido para mais de 20 paiÌ?ses.
+Hoje, aleÌ?m da reuniaÌ?o com a Inter-American Foundation, Betinho vai ser recebido pelo presidente do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, Enrique Iglesias, e pelo diretor do BID para sociedade civil, Edmundo Jarquim. Na quarta-feira, ele segue para Nova York, onde almoça com a diretoria da FundaçaÌ?o Ford antes de retornar aÌ? noite para o Brasil. (CELS)
+Nesta primeira etapa, o proponente deve tambeÌ?m entregar ao banco, no momento em que faz o seu cadastro, o orçamento do revendedor (ou da faÌ?brica) da maÌ?quina a ser financiada. Maluf -- Disse que a candidatura irreversiÌ?vel porque era meu desejo, mas tinha a dificuldade que foi crescendo pelo oposiçaÌ?o de meu eleitorado. Percebi que naÌ?o podia escalar o PaÌ?o de AçuÌ?car sem corda.
+Mas isso naÌ?o tem muita importaÌ?ncia para o eleitor e, por consequeÌ?ncia, para o presidente ou o parlamentar. Assim, a lei final que vai sair do Congresso para a sançaÌ?o de Clinton vai autorizar gastos adicionais de entre US$ 22 bilhoÌ?es e US$ 28 bilhoÌ?es para o combate ao crime e aumentar ainda mais o rigor da legislaçaÌ?o penal do paiÌ?s. Foi no aeroporto, onde o ego de Fernando Henrique submeteu-se a uma dura prova.
+ GUSTAVO KRIEGER
+ O goleiro Pascolo, da SuiÌ?ça, faz duas defesas difiÌ?ceis em finalizaçoÌ?es de Raducioiu de dentro da aÌ?rea
+ P.M. (Americana -- SP)
+Desconsiderando-se o Brasil, a Venezuela foi a que obteve a inflaçaÌ?o mais alta entre 13 paiÌ?ses no acumulado dos oito primeiros meses deste ano, seguida pelo Uruguai e Honduras. As taxas foram de, respectivamente, 44,80%, 25,50% e 22,70%. Os treÌ?s paiÌ?ses tiveram inflaçaÌ?o acima de 2% em agosto.
+NaÌ?o foram eleitos FHC, Covas, Serra, Genoino, Dallari?
+Responde a divisaÌ?o de cadastro do MinisteÌ?rio do Bem-Estar Social:
+Kieslowski -- NaÌ?o, naÌ?o quero voltar ao teatro. Estudei numa escola para teÌ?cnicos de teatro antes de ir para a escola de cinema de Lodz. Anos depois, dirigi apenas uma peça num teatro importante e a partir de um texto meu.
+O vencimento do mercado futuro de ouro seraÌ? na proÌ?xima sexta-feira. O volume de negoÌ?cios jaÌ? começou a crescer, passando de 2,26 toneladas no dia anterior para 3,69 toneladas ontem. «Eles (empresaÌ?rios) deixam de lucrar durante dois meses para eleger Fernando Henrique e lucrar muito mais durante quatro anos», disse o tucano que rompeu com a candidatura de seu partido e passou a apoiar Lula.
+ Pousada do Esquilo
+ ParaÌ? 4
+AleÌ?m disto, descobrimos que tiÌ?nhamos gostos comuns, opinioÌ?es comuns, de modo que resolvemos correr sempre juntos. E aiÌ? se apaixonaram. A VANTAGEM DOS USADOS
+«O Fera era alegre e jovem. TiÌ?nhamos que salvaÌ?-lo», diz Simon. O carrinho permite que o caÌ?o caminhe com as patas dianteiras.
+A Coven cobrava tarifas acima do permitido pela legislaçaÌ?o, vendia cotas de consoÌ?rcio com desaÌ?gio e transferia dinheiro de um grupo de consorciados para outro. Tinha bens com entrega em atraso e entregava automoÌ?veis sem garantia. Palmeira eÌ? companheiro de chapa de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) e eÌ? acusado de encaminhar emendas orçamentaÌ?rias para favorecer uma empreiteira.
+A General Motors informou que a descarga eleÌ?trica sentida ao tocar no veiÌ?culo nada mais eÌ? que eletricidade estaÌ?tica acumulada no carro ou no ocupante. Apesar de prever essa ocorreÌ?ncia, fabricando estofamentos com materiais que naÌ?o reteÌ?m eletricidade, outros fatores, como o uso de roupas de fibras sinteÌ?ticas, favorecem a ocorreÌ?ncia do fenoÌ?meno. Afirma que o choque eventual eÌ? um fenoÌ?meno natural, naÌ?o um defeito.
+Segundo a poliÌ?cia, os assassinos de Marinho agiram de forma amadora e cometeram vaÌ?rios erros. O oficial foi morto quando ainda havia luz do dia, em Bento Ribeiro. ApoÌ?s disparar o primeiro tiro, os assassinos deram a volta do quarteiraÌ?o e, ao notar que Marinho estava vivo, deram tiros para o alto para afastar a multidaÌ?o e voltaram a atingir o militar.
+Ressurgiram naçoÌ?es antigas, fundamentadas na naturalidade das etnias. Nesse cenaÌ?rio, a Uefa de Johannson, que abrigava pouco mais de 30 paiÌ?ses, passou a ostentar quase 50 naçoÌ?es inclusive com a incorporaçaÌ?o de Israel. «Trabalho pelo trabalho» ainda eÌ? considerado idealismo no Brasil
+O Indira Gandhi Memorial guarda fotografias e objetos pessoais da ilustre filha de Nehru. O pequeno museu Tibet House preserva peças de caraÌ?ter cerimonial trazidas do Tibete por ocasiaÌ?o do exiÌ?lio do Dalai Lama. «Tudo indica que o mercado tende a retornar aos volumes do iniÌ?cio da deÌ?cada», afirma Sonia Bueno, gerente do instituto.
+Esses incentivos visam compensar eventuais perdas sofridas pelos exportadores com o Plano Real. Entre as medidas previstas, estaÌ? a isençaÌ?o de IPI (Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados) para compras no mercado interno de maÌ?quinas e insumos. Do repertoÌ?rio de Gil, comparecem «Aquele Abraço», «Palco», «Super-Homem» e «Toda Menina Baiana».
+OscilaçoÌ?es no mercado de trabalho verificadas nos uÌ?ltimos meses mostram que executivos da aÌ?rea de produçaÌ?o voltaram a ser requisitados pelas empresas. Essa tendeÌ?ncia eÌ? motivada pela expectativa de queda da inflaçaÌ?o, retomada de investimentos e aumento de consumo, com a introduçaÌ?o da nova moeda. TERESA D'AÌ?VILA -- De DeoniÌ?sio Silva.
+O laudo do IML do Rio confirmou que quatro tiros mataram o estudante Fernando Neves, 19. Ele foi atingido em tiroteio entre PMs e ladroÌ?es de carro, anteontem, no Engenho Novo. A famiÌ?lia de Neves suspeita de que ele foi baleado por policiais.
+Porta de entrada natural para o Chile, Santiago eÌ? normalmente encarada como uma mera escala. A capital, poreÌ?m, tem atrativos suficientes para justificar uma estada um pouco mais demorada antes de se seguir viagem para outras atraçoÌ?es chilenas, como as pistas de esqui, PatagoÌ?nia, ilha de PaÌ?scoa ou o deserto de Atacama. RUSHDIE DE SAIAS
+EntaÌ?o a voz disse:
+SimpaÌ?tica e extrovertida, a garota mostra que a aÌ?gua eÌ? o seu meio natural: eÌ? da equipe de nado sincronizado do clube Flamengo haÌ? 11 anos e nada desde os quatro. Faz, junto com Fernanda Veirano, 20, o dueto que concorreu na OlimpiÌ?ada de Barcelona na categoria adulta. NaÌ?o eÌ? soÌ? na piscina que Fernanda e Cristiana fazem um dueto.
+Ontem foi vencimento de opçoÌ?es de ouro na BM&F (Bolsa de Mercadorias & Futuros). O exerciÌ?cio movimentou 54,35 toneladas de ouro. O mercado fiÌ?sico de ouro girou 4,49 toneladas, contra 1,62 tonelada no dia anterior.
+«EÌ? bom para brincar. Pode ser gostoso para crianças ou para quem estaÌ? começando, mas talvez precisasse ser mais raÌ?pido.»
+Ao sentar numa mesa vazia, dois homens teÌ?m vaÌ?rias opçoÌ?es. A mais faÌ?cil eÌ? convidar para sentar as mulheres que, insistentemente, sorriem para eles. Podem tambeÌ?m convidar, com auxiÌ?lio de um garçom, as mulheres que fingem naÌ?o olhar para eles.
+EÌ? bem verdade que o candidato petista naÌ?o disse explicitamente que vai seguir desrespeitando a lei, afirmou apenas que a considera ilegiÌ?tima, o que eÌ? sem sombra de duÌ?vida um direito seu. EÌ? oÌ?bvio que podem existir leis injustas e qualquer um tem o direito de questionar sua validade nos foÌ?runs adequados. De resto, dizer que prefere o justo ao meramente legal eÌ? muito faÌ?cil.
+A anaÌ?lise se estende ao niÌ?vel foneÌ?tico do discurso (o uso de onomatopeÌ?ias em manchetes, por exemplo) e ao niÌ?vel morfoloÌ?gico (o «NP» transforma delegado em «delega» e Erundina em «Erunda» em seus tiÌ?tulos, por exemplo). O texto do «NP» se completa com um uso intensivo de giÌ?rias «a caracteriÌ?stica mais marcante do vocabulaÌ?rio empregado na linguagem do jornal», escreve. Atua na aÌ?rea de contabilidade gerencial
+O livro, que relata o romance entre a princesa de Gales e o major James Hewitt, começa numa recepçaÌ?o, em 1986, quando os dois saÌ?o apresentados. Ela fala sobre seu medo de montar cavalos e ele se oferece para ajudaÌ?-la. Começam uma seÌ?rie de aulas de montaria, acompanhada de vaÌ?rios telefonemas.
+ CamaroÌ?es perde chance de bater SueÌ?cia
+20min -- Dunga comete falta violenta em Lizarazu perto da lateral da grande aÌ?rea brasileira. A cobrança naÌ?o resulta em perigo. 22min -- Branco chuta com força.
+Folha -- Mas, afinal, o senhor naÌ?o tem nenhuma contribuiçaÌ?o ao aÌ?nimo do time?
+ Financiamento
+ EÌ? a cigana dos laÌ?bios de mel
+ Fabricantes de revestimentos de ceraÌ?mica esperam vender dois meses de produçaÌ?o nos cinco dias da feira
+ US$ 1 vale: 1 peso
+Barrichello -- Sempre esperei por isso, ter um carro vencedor. NaÌ?o entrei na F-1 para largar em 20º e chegar em 11.º NaÌ?o eÌ? para isso que venho me esforçando. Quero fazer o Brasil melhor.
+Os militantes resolveram seguir a mesma linha de radicalizaçaÌ?o. AteÌ? a direçaÌ?o da campanha de Lula foi publicamente criticada. Vantuil TuÌ?lio Santos, que afirmou ter sido segurança do ex-liÌ?der comunista Luiz Carlos Prestes, acusou os dirigentes do partido pelo desempenho eleitoral de Lula.
+ Em Bayex: Museu Memorial da Batalha da Normandia
+Perry afirma, no «The Wall Street Journal», que ateÌ? os sindicatos cooperaram com FHC, moderando as demandas, talvez por acreditarem que tivessem menos chances de ver suas reivindicaçoÌ?es atendidas por um presidente de esquerda, que os cooptaria. As dificuldades do Brasbanco eram conhecidas desde julho, mas naÌ?o eram divulgadas para naÌ?o comprometer ainda mais sua situaçaÌ?o financeira. Desde 12 de julho, o banco vinha recorrendo aos empreÌ?stimos de liquidez do BC.
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+ Rekdal fez vaÌ?rios lançamentos errados no primeiro tempo
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+A abertura da economia aÌ? competiçaÌ?o externa foi, no caso brasileiro, um fator importante para acelerar essas reformas. Sabe-se que foi grande o ajuste realizado por essas empresas no sentido de eliminar «gorduras» nos custos, sob o risco de perder mercado. Por outro lado, a necessidade de melhoria do produto final tambeÌ?m estaÌ? presente na mente do empresariado.
+ Fonte: siÌ?ndicos
+Apareciam constantemente na televisaÌ?o ela, dando concertos, e ele, palestras ou lançando um de seus 20 livros. Moravam bem, num coÌ?modo apartamento de um bairro residencial. EntaÌ?o, aconteceu o horror, o horror.
+«ExoÌ?tica» investe, assim, nesse deslocamento que consiste em aproximar radicalmente os dois personagens e, em seguida, criar uma interdiçaÌ?o. Esse interdito ganha um caraÌ?ter romanesco porque o ex-namorado da moça eÌ? quem faz a apresentaçaÌ?o das dançarinas. Ele induz Francis a tocar em Cristina para melhor expulsaÌ?-lo de laÌ? quando desconfia que a garota estaÌ? dando ao rapaz uma atençaÌ?o mais que profissional.
+EÌ? o elenco que torna «Budro» algo aleÌ?m de um amontoado de clicheÌ?s. Faz, aiÌ? sim, um retrato da geraçaÌ?o. NaÌ?o aquela geraçaÌ?o de mentira, pensada pelo texto, mas a geraçaÌ?o dos quatro atores que tomaram a cena.
+ Ribeira em risco
+ I
+ CARLOS EDUARDO ALVES
+PFL e PPR tambeÌ?m naÌ?o foram ainda capazes de encontrar nomes com chance de emplacar junto ao eleitorado. Iordanescu foi, como eles, um jogador ofensivo. «SaÌ?o meus melhores jogadores.
+Este resultado soma-se ao de dois estudos anteriores, que naÌ?o haviam detectado diferença significativa nas crianças que tomavam o suplemento contra diarreÌ?ias e infecçoÌ?es nas vias respiratoÌ?rias. Outra pesquisa, realizada na IndoneÌ?sia, mostrou que a vitamina A pode exercer um efeito negativo, favorecendo ligeiramente o surgimento de infecçoÌ?es nas vias respiratoÌ?rias. Segundo Ademir, ele e sua mulher decidiram ingressar agora na Justiça porque os responsaÌ?veis pela inseminaçaÌ?o se recusaram a prestar-lhes assisteÌ?ncia.
+ Aumento contestado
+O time do Santo AndreÌ? enfrenta hoje o Ituano, em Itu, pensando em fugir definitivamente da ameaça de rebaixamento. A diretoria do time do ABCD julga que o Ituano vai mostrar desespero em campo por causa da uÌ?ltima colocaçaÌ?o na tabela. A comissaÌ?o teÌ?cnica estuda como se aproveitar disso para vencer o jogo.
+Acredito que existem treÌ?s fatores, todos eles falhos. Em primeiro lugar, ele sempre gozou de publicidade, e a publicidade eÌ? uma dama inconstante. Ela gosta de ser lisonjeada.
+Vargas Llosa perdeu a eleiçaÌ?o em 1990 e sua experieÌ?ncia acaba de ser resumida em um excelente livro de naÌ?o-ficçaÌ?o. Se vencer ou for derrotado, talvez Cardoso possa no futuro extrair da sua vida poliÌ?tica um romance. «A Fish in the Water» (Um Peixe na AÌ?gua, Farrar Straus Giroux, 532 paÌ?ginas, US$ 25) acaba de ser publicado nos EUA, paiÌ?s onde o autor tem passado boa parte de seu tempo nos uÌ?ltimos anos.
+Uma nova medicaçaÌ?o o interferon beta estaÌ? obtendo resultados positivos no tratamento da esclerose muÌ?ltipla uma doença que evolui em surtos e pode levar a limitaçoÌ?es fiÌ?sicas. Na maioria dos casos, a doença se manifesta pela primeira vez ao redor dos 30 anos. A evoluçaÌ?o eÌ? lenta e a pessoa pode passar vaÌ?rias deÌ?cadas sem novos surtos.
+A Autoridade Palestina ficaraÌ? surpresa quando vir a nossa vingança, afirma o comunicado do Hamas, em um claro desafio a Arafat. Ao final do passeio, apenas 300 pessoas aguardavam o sorteio em frente ao trio eleÌ?trico do CafeÌ? Cancun. Nenhum dos presentes foi sorteado.
+O presidente do TCM cita ainda locais por onde viajou e «teve a oportunidade de visitar algumas usinas de incineraçaÌ?o». SoÌ? que vale lembrar que nesses locais existem laboratoÌ?rios especializados em medir a produçaÌ?o de dioxinas. E aqui, como todos sabemos, naÌ?o possuiÌ?mos nada semelhante que possa fazer tal controle.
+O governo estaÌ? construindo dez cadeioÌ?es no interior e na Grande SP. Cada uma deles custou cerca de US$ 6 milhoÌ?es. Acidente em semaÌ?foro mata mulher em SP
+O diretor do Sindipetro-RJ AbiÌ?lio ValeÌ?rio Tozini disse acreditar que a categoria vai considerar a proposta «ofensiva». Folha -- Como o sr. veÌ? essas tendeÌ?ncias separatistas surgidas no Sul do paiÌ?s?
+Farqui conta que a Argentina eÌ? hoje abastecida por uma faÌ?brica da Philips de Cingapura. Fleury -- Foi naÌ?o procurar ter um bom relacionamento com os setores formadores de opiniaÌ?o. Meu governo naÌ?o vai ser analisado jaÌ?.
+A auseÌ?ncia desse par de costelas frequentemente eÌ? observada no homem moderno. NaÌ?o diverte o espectador com uma arte de qualidade. Os diaÌ?logos saÌ?o precaÌ?rios.
+Maior viÌ?cio:
+Investimentos maciços feitos por ocidentais e orientais japoneses, chineses de Hong Kong e de Taiwan apenas reafirmam essa tendeÌ?ncia de Vancouver de se virar para oeste. Enquanto muitos partiram por razoÌ?es que nunca vamos compreender, voceÌ? continua aqui. Por que Deus levou pessoas taÌ?o incriÌ?veis e deixou voceÌ??
+ao dar iniÌ?cio a esse processo de distribuiçaÌ?o de renda, o governo ao mesmo tempo aplicaraÌ? programa de incentivos aÌ?s empresas produtoras de bens de consumo popular;
+ Soldado mata colega a tiros em Salvador
+EUA, 1993. DireçaÌ?o: John Hamilton. Elenco: Bruce Dinsmore, Miranda de Pencier, Mark Camacho, Burke Lawrence.
+Em janeiro, um temporal causou prejuiÌ?zo de CR$ 1,5 bilhaÌ?o. A Primeira da AclimaçaÌ?o eÌ? uma das mais pobres do Grupo Especial, que estreÌ?ia neste ano. Com o vinho como tema, a escola quer polemizar: leva um carro que representa um altar onde um «padre» celebra casamentos e outro repleto de homens e mulheres nus.
+Apesar dessas dificuldades, as metas fixadas com a criaçaÌ?o da nova moeda mostram-se hoje acertadas. ApoÌ?s o salto inicial de cerca de US$ 3,5 bilhoÌ?es para R$ 6 bilhoÌ?es no iniÌ?cio de julho, os saldos meÌ?dios foram se estabilizando e ficaram em R$ 7,3 bilhoÌ?es na uÌ?ltima semana do meÌ?s passado, proÌ?ximos, portanto, do limite de R$ 7,5 bilhoÌ?es estipulado ateÌ? o final de setembro. O CAMINHO PARA OMAHA, de Robert Ludlum.
+Devido aÌ? notificaçaÌ?o, o Greenpeace suspendeu um protesto contra o corte de aÌ?rvores para produçaÌ?o de celulose na regiaÌ?o do rio Jari (AmapaÌ?), que deveria ter ocorrido ontem pela manhaÌ?. ITAMAR: na mesma
+Os canadenses usaram a mesma arma contra os russos. SoÌ? o atacante Cameron conseguiu marcar seis aces no jogo contra a RuÌ?ssia. Essa estrateÌ?gia jaÌ? naÌ?o eÌ? taÌ?o eficiente no tie break, quando erro de saque tambeÌ?m se converte em ponto para o adversaÌ?rio.
+SeraÌ?, depois, amante de um rico alemaÌ?o. Mas Hermann reapareceraÌ?. AtraveÌ?s dessa trajetoÌ?ria pessoal, melodramaÌ?tica (ao gosto do diretor), desfila uma Alemanha que passa pela agonia nazista, pela ocupaçaÌ?o das forças aliadas, reconstroÌ?i-se e reencontra a riqueza.
+O goleiro da seleçaÌ?o russa, Dmitry Kharin, afirma naÌ?o temer enfrentar na estreÌ?ia os atacantes brasileiros Bebeto e RomaÌ?rio. «Eles saÌ?o bons jogadores, mas saÌ?o humanos. Jogadores, como outras pessoas, cometem erros», disse.
+Os EUA estaÌ?o montando um «formidaÌ?vel aparato militar» na regiaÌ?o do golfo PeÌ?rsico e «naÌ?o vaÌ?o repetir os erros do passado», disseram ontem em Washington dois importantes membros do governo Clinton. Quatro mil soldados embarcaram ontem em Fort Stewart, GeoÌ?rgia, sul do paiÌ?s, com destino ao Kuait. Dois mil fuzileiros navais a bordo do navio USS Tripoli chegaram aÌ? costa da Cidade do Kuait e estaÌ?o prontos para desembarcar.
+Na primeira fase, os brasileiros usaram camisa azul. Cabe aÌ? Fifa decidir quais seraÌ?o os uniformes. As semifinais opoÌ?em dois tricampeoÌ?es mundiais (Brasil e ItaÌ?lia) contra duas equipes que nunca conquistaram uma Copa.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+Começa amanhaÌ?, no Rio Grande do Sul, a Mercopar 94 -- Feira de SubcontrataçaÌ?o Industrial do Mercosul. Promovido pelo Sebrae (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio aÌ?s Micro e Pequenas Empresas), o evento eÌ? uma boa oportunidade para pequenas e microempresas se tornarem fornecedoras de produtos e serviços para grandes grupos. Para Rizzieri, as diferenças de preços naÌ?o deveriam oscilar mais do que 10%.
+O fax em Paris para contato com a produtora French Connection tema de reportapublicada na uÌ?ltima ediçaÌ?o do TV Folha eÌ? (00331) 40263293. O telefone eÌ? 40261846. A estudante Helena Lopes de Oliveira, 20, optou pela Free Time porque «ficava sempre com preguiça de ir ateÌ? as locadoras escolher os filmes».
+ ALBERTO HELENA JR
+O crime ocorreu na noite de anteontem na periferia de Recife. Testemunhas ouvidas pela poliÌ?cia afirmaram que «Pestinha» e Costa bebiam em um bar antes do crime. Ali, o adolescente teria recebido a arma.
+TambeÌ?m a CUT, segundo o diretor DeluÌ?bio Soares de Castro, vai pedir a Itamar o veto aÌ? MP 400 em audieÌ?ncia jaÌ? marcada na proÌ?xima semana. «NaÌ?o vamos tomar qualquer medida judicial por enquanto porque naÌ?o haÌ? como o presidente permitir o aumento de IR soÌ? para os trabalhadores.»
+Assim, se os juiÌ?zes prometem perdaÌ?o a quem confessar, tambeÌ?m nunca revelam ao suspeito que acusaçoÌ?es pairam sobre ele. CReÌ?DITO FOTO: EDITORIA DE ARTE/FOLHA IMAGEM
+Trinta anos depois, estou na rua Visconde PirajaÌ? com Joana AngeÌ?lica, espeÌ?cie de cruz de um Brasil louco de classes e raças. Vejo o Rio a meu lado. Tudo parece em caÌ?mera lenta e banhado por uma onda de calor quase liÌ?quido.
+Segundo Fleury, da atual arrecadaçaÌ?o (US$ 1 bilhaÌ?o ao meÌ?s), cerca de US$ 200 milhoÌ?es estaÌ?o comprometidos com o pagamento da diÌ?vida do Estado. Colaborou Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+Folha Desculpe a pergunta, mas o sr. tem fama de alcoÌ?olatra... O acompanhamento da aÌ?rea econoÌ?mica vai se basear em medidas propostas no relatoÌ?rio de uma auditoria interministerial, que, entre outros problemas, apontou desvio de 28% da verba por causa de fraudes e preenchimento errado de guias de internaçaÌ?o. O relatoÌ?rio sugeriu medidas como a contrataçaÌ?o de auditoria externa para checar as contas do SUS (Sistema UÌ?nico de SauÌ?de).
+Mosley -- Isto naÌ?o faz sentido. Nenhuma das equipes pequenas tinha suspensaÌ?o ativa e dos 12 anos sem mortes na F-1, 10 foram sem ela. Nenhuma equipe pequena jamais teve suspensaÌ?o ativa.
+ SaÌ?o Paulo, SP
+ Resposta
+Cuidam do tema, mas, em grande parte, eÌ? a questaÌ?o da violeÌ?ncia e da impunidade, muito mais atraente para o eleitorado, que concentra a atençaÌ?o dos partidos. Zulauf afirma que candidatos e loteadores clandestinos estaÌ?o iludindo famiÌ?lias pobres, afirmando que a lei de anistia garante a posse da terra. «Isso eÌ? uma falaÌ?cia.
+FHC considera que Lula jaÌ? estaÌ? praticamente no segundo turno. Ao prever a bipolarizaçaÌ?o da eleiçaÌ?o, pretende concentrar na disputa dos votos do eleitorado mais pobre o embate com o petista. «NaÌ?o sou o anti-Lula.
+MIAMI Os rumores (ou fatos? ) que a miÌ?dia brasileira veicula periodicamente sobre os cuidados de Fernando Henrique Cardoso com os supostos ciuÌ?mes de Itamar Franco fizeram uma breve escala em Miami. O jornal «The Miami Herald» jura houve entre eles uma colisaÌ?o de egos, motivo de uma carta de protesto da consulesa brasileira ao jornal. SoÌ? que para quem naÌ?o tem casa, o frio acaba jogando contra.
+Danrlei; Ayupe, Grotto, Agnaldo e Roger; Pingo, Jamir, EÌ?merson e LuiÌ?s Carlos; Fabinho e Ciro. TeÌ?cnico -- LuiÌ?s Felipe
+«Todas as fases da licitaçaÌ?o foram transparentes», diz. Outros dois conjuntos de favelas seraÌ?o urbanizados pelo projeto, cujo custo estimado eÌ? de US$ 80 milhoÌ?es. O gerente de marketing da Schahin Cury, JoaÌ?o Marcos Deotti, disse que sua empresa venceu a concorreÌ?ncia porque eÌ? a mais competente.
+ «Alguma coisa naÌ?o funciona no time alemaÌ?o»
+Ele alega que em cada central telefoÌ?nica trabalham ateÌ? 60 pessoas com acesso aÌ?s linhas. Apesar das tentativas de estimular o couro cabeludo atraveÌ?s de massagens e banhos de luz, o uso de uma substaÌ?ncia que dilata seus vasos sanguiÌ?neos, o minoxidil, eÌ? o uÌ?nico comprovadamente eficaz. O melhor eÌ? usar desde que se percebe o problema.
+ No exterior
+ PoliÌ?cia do PE destroÌ?i 35 mil peÌ?s de maconha
+Na estaçaÌ?o ferroviaÌ?ria Central do Brasil, manifestantes tentaram linchar um PM que havia sacado sua arma. Diretores do sindicato impediram o espancamento. Quatro grevistas foram presos quando invadiram o preÌ?dio da Justiça Federal para retirar vigilantes que trabalhavam.
+Hoje, saÌ?o 11 vezes superiores. O deÌ?ficit puÌ?blico empinava para a altura de 6% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB, medida da renda nacional). Agora, estaÌ? virtualmente zerado, ainda que com alguns artifiÌ?cios que soÌ? valem para o meÌ?dio prazo.
+FaÌ?bio eÌ? ligado a setores evangeÌ?licos progressistas e tem encontros frequentes com Lula. Descalça, de calça jeans e camiseta regata vermelha, sozinha no palco com seu piano, a figura hippie-new age de Tori leva boa parte de plateÌ?ia ao deliÌ?rio, principalmente as mulheres, que gritam sem parar declaraçoÌ?es de amor aÌ? cantora. Recebem em troca cançoÌ?es falando de esperança e tempos melhores, como em «Pretty Good Year», a primeira faixa do novo disco.
+ PAULO YAFUSSO
+Emerson Fittipaldi roubou o favoritismo de Nigel Mansell para a segunda etapa do Mundial de FoÌ?rmula Indy, que acontece hoje aÌ?s 18h em Phoenix (no deserto do Arizona, oeste dos EUA). O piloto brasileiro, nos treinos livres de sexta-feira, foi o mais raÌ?pido entre os 31 que estiveram na pista. Fez sua melhor volta em 20s335, na meÌ?dia de 284,906 km/h).
+Diante delas um dos poucos engraxates que ainda trabalham em Londres, vestido com a mesma jaqueta vermelha e calças pretas que eram usadas no iniÌ?cio do seÌ?culo 19, lustra os sapatos dos transeuntes como antigamente, soÌ? que a preços atuais. «Procuro individualizar o treinamento, para suprir as careÌ?ncias existentes e manter um mesmo niÌ?vel para todos», afirma Pracidelli. No primeiro dia em que voltou ao trabalho no campo, Valdir procurou treinar a saiÌ?da de bola com os peÌ?s do goleiro Velloso.
+EÌ?. Mas o casamento naÌ?o saiu. E sabe por queÌ??
+O Barcelona, com RomaÌ?rio ou sem RomaÌ?rio, foi, eÌ? e seraÌ? sempre um dos maiores esquadroÌ?es do mundo. JaÌ? o La CorunÌ?a, clube modesto, soÌ? poÌ?de aspirar o tiÌ?tulo depois que Bebeto juntamente com Mauro Silva, aportou por laÌ?. Juninho começa na equipe titular
+Na entrega do carro, ele apresentou vaÌ?rios defeitos como barulho em toda suspensaÌ?o, escapamento batendo no assoalho, travas eleÌ?tricas das portas sem funcionarem, riscos na pintura do teto, motor com consumo de oÌ?leo fora do normal e vidros eleÌ?tricos com barulho. Levei treÌ?s vezes o carro aÌ? concessionaÌ?ria, mas os defeitos continuam. Alegam que naÌ?o haÌ? soluçaÌ?o.
+Em agosto, quando, provavelmente, a TR voltaraÌ? a ser calculada com base nos juros pagos nos CDBs, «outras alternativas, como os CDBs, voltaraÌ?o a ser interessantes». Carlos Bandeira, administrador dos fundos do Bamerindus, concorda com a avaliaçaÌ?o de que cadernetas e fundos de commodities saÌ?o as melhores alternativas. Bandeira diz ainda que os saques no fundaÌ?o soÌ? podem ser feitos treÌ?s dias depois da aplicaçaÌ?o.
+Sem a inflaçaÌ?o, a crise aumentaria a estratificaçaÌ?o econoÌ?mica e poliÌ?tica. A inflaçaÌ?o promove a eugenia. Cria movimentos profundos de transfereÌ?ncia de riquezas que beneficiam os grupos mais aÌ?geis e modernos, em prejuiÌ?zo dos dinossauros sustentados pelo sistema de benesses oficiais, e do conjunto da populaçaÌ?o, resolvendo por vias tortas a disfunçaÌ?o institucional do Estado.
+ LUIS HENRIQUE AMARAL
+Uma verdadeira revolta tomou conta dos outros. 'Que vergonha', diziam, 'pois nos sacrificamos por um mestre errado, que naÌ?o sabe ver nossas qualidades.»
+DoÌ?lar comercial (exportaçoÌ?es e importaçoÌ?es): CR$ 1.258,10 (compra) e CR$ 1.258,12 (venda). No dia anterior, segundo o Banco Central, o doÌ?lar comercial fechou a CR$ 1.235,73 (compra) e CR$ 1.235,75 (venda). «Black»: CR$ 1.210,00 (compra) e CR$ 1.220,00 (venda).
+Um dia, sentado debaixo de uma aÌ?rvore, entendeu o universo. Mais tarde, procurou ensinar a seus disciÌ?pulos como tinha chegado aÌ? iluminaçaÌ?o. Entre as vaÌ?rias maneiras com que procurou dividir seu conhecimento, destaca-se uma frase:
+R. Martinho Prado, 119, regiaÌ?o central. Tel. 257-9903. Todos os dias: 11h/5h.
+FaÌ? de Aretha Franklin e Ray Charles, ela revela um gosto musical ecleÌ?tico. «Adoro som country, pop music e rap», garante Vicky, que vem ao Brasil pela segunda vez mas naÌ?o se sente atraiÌ?da para jogar no paiÌ?s. Peça ironiza crise econoÌ?mica brasileira
+Gianfrancesco Guarnieri nasceu em 6 de agosto de 1934, em MilaÌ?o (ItaÌ?lia). No ano seguinte sua famiÌ?lia se mudou para o Brasil. Em 1955, ele funda o Teatro Paulista do Estudante, junto com Oduvaldo Vianna Filho, Beatriz Segall e Regina Helena.
+A Paulina sabe que estou doente. Digo pra ela que a maÌ?e vai para o hospital e pode naÌ?o voltar. Um irmaÌ?o meu disse que vai ficar com ela.
+Os DJS que aparecem nesta reportagem: AgeÌ?ncia DMC, r. CoÌ?nego EugeÌ?nio Leite, 447, 3º and., Pinheiros, zona oeste, tel. 881-3918. Os fones de ouvido que aparecem nesta reportagem: Amaro Som, shopping Penha, loja 1.506, tel. 941-1200.
+Pensador inoperante?
+ApoÌ?s oito meses o Congresso revisor encerrou terça-feira seus trabalhos. Em todo esse periÌ?odo, apenas seis mudanças na Carta foram aprovadas, quase todas elas de pouco interesse. As emendas mais importantes foram a que reduziu o mandato do presidente da RepuÌ?blica de cinco para quatro anos e a que criou o Fundo Social de EmergeÌ?ncia.
+Infelizmente, as razoÌ?es por traÌ?s de tantas e taÌ?o persistentes desavenças naÌ?o podem ser reduzidas a um pequeno conjunto de causas universais. Valeria a pena, no entanto, destacar alguns pontos tendo em vista os descaminhos da economia brasileira e o quadro atual, marcado pela mixoÌ?rdia indigesta de um plano de estabilizaçaÌ?o mal explicado, com eleiçoÌ?es e a revisaÌ?o constitucional em curso. Um dos fatores que estaÌ? na raiz dos desencontros entre economistas e poliÌ?ticos eÌ? o conflito entre dois tipos marcadamente distintos de racionalidade a econoÌ?mica e a poliÌ?tica.
+ Ex-eleitos iniciam campanha desorientados
+NaÌ?o pode deixar que desencontros formais e excesso de autoconfiança comprometam um futuro talvez brilhante. ROGEÌ?RIO CEÌ?ZAR DE CERQUEIRA LEITE, 61, fiÌ?sico, eÌ? professor emeÌ?rito da Unicamp (Universidade Estadual de Campinas) e membro do Conselho Editorial da Folha. O contrato foi assinado anteontem em Nova York.
+SaÌ?o 300 espeÌ?cies da Mata AtlaÌ?ntica em 750 mil m2 metade do Ibirapuera (1,5 milhaÌ?o de m2). «O Villa-Lobos vai ser dedicado aÌ? muÌ?sica. EÌ? o primeiro parque temaÌ?tico do paiÌ?s, uma tendeÌ?ncia em todos os parques modernos no mundo», diz o arquiteto DeÌ?cio Tozzi, 57, autor do projeto.
+O coordenador de serviços gerais JoaÌ?o Ferreira da Silva, 56, foi identificado como filho do cangaceiro Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, o LampiaÌ?o, e de Maria Bonita. Silva e Expedita Ferreira Nunes, a uÌ?nica filha legiÌ?tima de LampiaÌ?o ateÌ? agora, foram submetidos ao exame de DNA (leia texto ao lado), para determinar se havia parentesco entre os dois. O sistema Curitiba jaÌ? atende 600 habitantes ao custo de US$ 30/habitante.
+As consultas devem ser encaminhadas exclusivamente por escrito aÌ? RedaçaÌ?o da Folha de S.Paulo (alameda BaraÌ?o de Limeira, 425, 4º andar, seçaÌ?o «Imposto de Renda», CEP 01290-900, Campos EliÌ?seos, SaÌ?o Paulo). JAIRO BOUER, 28, eÌ? meÌ?dico. Se voceÌ? tem duÌ?vidas sobre sauÌ?de, escreva para o Folhateen.
+A ComissaÌ?o Pastoral da Terra da Igreja CatoÌ?lica divulgou relatoÌ?rio que registra cinco conflitos entre posseiros e latifundiaÌ?rios no Amazonas em 93. Segundo o relatoÌ?rio, os incidentes envolveram 84 mil hectares de terra, 400 pessoas e sete ameaças de morte. Estudante se queixa de multa aplicada em dia de vestibular
+Outro botaÌ?o faz mudar as marchas», disse o belga. TambeÌ?m ontem, surgiu um imprevisto para os organizadores do rali. O local escolhido para a verificaçaÌ?o dos veiÌ?culos que participaraÌ?o da prova teve de ser mudado.
+O nuÌ?mero de chibatadas seraÌ? determinado pelo juiz que estiver julgando o caso de vandalismo, que inclui grafitagem de patrimoÌ?nio puÌ?blico e privado. Pesquisa Datafolha realizada no iniÌ?cio de maio jaÌ? mostrava claramente que quando o candidato do PMDB era QueÌ?rcia, o iÌ?ndice de intençaÌ?o de voto ficava em 7%; com Sarney, pulava para 14%, empatando com o PSDB. Sarney aguarda com ansiedade o pronunciamento de hoje do STF decidindo se reabre ou naÌ?o o prazo de filiaçaÌ?o.
+NaÌ?o haÌ? informaçoÌ?es se Ortega y Gasset costumava filosofar em chaÌ?s beneficentes ou se desenvolveu alguma especializaçaÌ?o em encanamentos. HaÌ? duÌ?vidas ateÌ?, se vivo fosse, se seria convidado para o festim, posto que filoÌ?sofo espanhol naÌ?o eÌ? taÌ?o «in» quanto um franceÌ?s. Agora, graças a um grupo chamado as Vingadoras LeÌ?sbicas, suas manifestaçoÌ?es pelo menos teÌ?m a apareÌ?ncia de serem dirigidas por Gerald Thomas ou por um dos irmaÌ?os Marx decididamente, uma melhora.
+A priorizaçaÌ?o aÌ?s obras fica ainda mais clara atraveÌ?s de estudo da assessoria econoÌ?mica do gabinete da vereadora AldaiÌ?za Sposati (PT). O espanhol estuda agora se participa do Mundial, em agosto, na ItaÌ?lia, ou se tenta bater o recorde de uma hora, do escoceÌ?s Graeme Obree, que correu 52.713 m em 60 minutos, na França, em abril. O final da Volta da França estaÌ? marcado para domingo, em Paris.
+A situaçaÌ?o eÌ? mais criÌ?tica em SaÌ?o Paulo, responsaÌ?vel por 65% do traÌ?fego postal do paiÌ?s. A ECT estaÌ? tercerizando serviços para garantir a entrega de encomendas urgentes, como medicamentos importados. Milhares de encomendas importadas estaÌ?o paradas nos aeroportos, enquanto os destinataÌ?rios esperam por seus presentes de Natal, lembrou o presidente da ECT.
+O Centro de VigilaÌ?ncia SanitaÌ?ria Estadual e o SIF (Serviço de InspeçaÌ?o Federal) começam hoje a colher novas amostras, em todo o Estado, dos produtos considerados «contaminados» pela Secretaria Municipal do Abastecimento. A VigilaÌ?ncia desconsidera os exames feitos pela prefeitura, que teriam constatado 71 produtos com problemas de contaminaçaÌ?o, porque naÌ?o seguiram as determinaçoÌ?es legais. Agora, seraÌ?o colhidas treÌ?s amostras diferentes do mesmo produto, retirado do mesmo lote.
+ Local
+Filme chineÌ?s e filme sovieÌ?tico começavam nos anos 20. Tese defende que Braga inovou com temas tabus no horaÌ?rio nobre
+5/4 (terça-feira), contra o UniaÌ?o SaÌ?o JoaÌ?o, em Araras. 7/4 (quinta-feira), contra Velez Sarsfield, em SaÌ?o Paulo. Logo, se o juro eÌ? maior e o redutor utilizado eÌ? o mesmo, a rentabilidade da poupança vai passar a ser mais atraente.
+ MARCELO CHERTO e MARCUS RIZZO
+ De Washington
+Sem mencionar o nome da empresa, ele citou o exemplo da Brastemp, que nos primeiros dias de julho deu feÌ?rias coletivas de dez dias aos seus empregados, gerando a impressaÌ?o de que o Plano Real seria recessivo. «Essa empresa estaÌ? operando perto de 100% da sua capacidade», destacou. Sobre os «carros populares», o ministro disse que deu um prazo para que o aÌ?gio desapareça, ameaçando expor esse setor aÌ? «concorreÌ?ncia internacional».
+ FABIANO MOUTINHO, 21
+Hagi -- EÌ? excitante. Principalmente porque acho que isso vai atrair mais atençaÌ?o ao futebol romeno. NaÌ?o que vaÌ? melhorar.
+MATINAS SUZUKI JR. Editor-executivo
+TambeÌ?m parece que as taxas de juros atingiram agora um certo patamar que naÌ?o deve mudar taÌ?o cedo, exceto se por algum fator, ainda naÌ?o verificado, notar-se mais pressoÌ?es inflacionaÌ?rias. Mas naÌ?o haÌ? indicaçaÌ?o disso no presente. PS-1: Boa muÌ?sica brasileira por aqui.
+ (FR e MM)
+ SiÌ?lvio Lancellotti
+Enquanto a variaçaÌ?o acima da URV acumulada de março a 8 de junho eÌ? de 4,05%, soÌ? entre os dias 2 e 9 deste meÌ?s a cesta baÌ?sica jaÌ? teve seu preço meÌ?dio reajustado em 3,59%, segundo pesquisa Procon/Dieese. A URV, poreÌ?m, naÌ?o eÌ? uma moeda de conta estaÌ?vel. EÌ? uma meÌ?dia moÌ?vel de treÌ?s iÌ?ndices, sem ponderaçaÌ?o conhecida.
+Diretores do Sindicato dos Servidores da Secretaria Estadual de SauÌ?de se comprometeram a garantir o atendimento miÌ?nimo nas unidades afetadas pela greve dos funcionaÌ?rios. O compromisso foi firmado junto aÌ? Promotoria de Direitos Constitucionais. ParaÌ? 2
+Mesmo cobrando um pouco mais caro, as chamadas «lojas» de paÌ?es estaÌ?o ganhando um nuÌ?mero cada vez maior de adeptos. A loja Bread & Co, do Itaim, estaÌ? investindo para aproveitar esse espaço. A espanhola Yolanda Serrano, que trabalhava como correspondente no Brasil, casada com um brasileiro, e Ruth Sonnewend, ex-gerente de sistemas da Lever, depois de um «estaÌ?gio» de um meÌ?s em uma das lojas, decidiram comprar a concessaÌ?o da marca Bread & Co.
+ O ZAGUEIRO
+A Manchete começou a gravar no Rio o piloto do primeiro episoÌ?dio da seÌ?rie «IncriÌ?vel, FantaÌ?stico, ExtraordinaÌ?rio». «A Garra do Macaco» eÌ? uma adaptaçaÌ?o do conto de William Jacobs e tem no elenco Rubens di Falco e Rubens CorreÌ?a. Programas pode macabar na Record
+RiHappy -- r. Domingos de Morais, 923. Tel: 573-7422.
+«NoÌ?s prestigiamos a independeÌ?ncia e a independeÌ?ncia gera responsabilidade», afirma. As contrataçoÌ?es e demissoÌ?es saÌ?o feitas de acordo com sugestoÌ?es dos proÌ?prios grupos. As avaliaçoÌ?es do trabalho de cada um tambeÌ?m saÌ?o feitas, anonimamente, pelos times de trabalho.
+«Ele passou os uÌ?ltimos dezoito meses dividido entre a minha casa e a casa dele. Agora, tenta jogar o meu nome e o de minha filha na lama.»
+Cinco prontos-socorros entre municipais e estaduais que foram verificados ontem pela reportagem estavam praticamente sem meÌ?dicos. O Pronto Socorro Municipal de Vila NhocuneÌ?, segundo funcionaÌ?rios, estava fechado porque naÌ?o havia meÌ?dicos de nenhuma especialidade para atender aÌ? populaçaÌ?o. No Ermelino Matarazzo, havia apenas um psiquiatra de plantaÌ?o.
+ Caviar
+No mercado de DI (DepoÌ?sito Interfinanceiro) da BM&F, a projeçaÌ?o de juros para julho fechou em 7,36% ao meÌ?s, contra 7,22% no uÌ?ltimo dia 30. O doÌ?lar futuro na BM&F foi cotado a R$ 0,977425 para os negoÌ?cios com vencimento no proÌ?ximo dia 29. O iÌ?ndice Bovespa futuro fechou a 39.600 pontos, com expectativa de valorizaçaÌ?o de 7,10% ao meÌ?s.
+ZeÌ? Celso, que soÌ? recebeu alta do Hospital do CoraçaÌ?o na semana passada, passou a direçaÌ?o para Marcelo Drummond. O ator fez Hamlet na montagem que reabriu o teatro Oficina, no ano passado. MeÌ?dico pode ser indiciado
+A variaçaÌ?o acumulada no meÌ?s iraÌ? se basear no mais elevado dos treÌ?s iÌ?ndices de inflaçaÌ?o, no caso, o IPC-Fipe da terceira quadrissemana, estimado em 48,61% pelo departamento de economia da «AgeÌ?ncia Dinheiro Vivo». O Banco Central atuou na semana passada mais para confundir do que para explicar. Quando as instituiçoÌ?es chegavam aÌ? conclusaÌ?o de que todos os sinais apontavam para uma estabilidade da URV, o BC dava uma paulada superior a meio ponto percentual na projeçaÌ?o do indexador, como aconteceu na terça-feira.
+Na verdade, se o time do Palmeiras derrotar os quatro proÌ?ximos adversaÌ?rios, chegaraÌ? a 77,08% de aproveitamento (37 pontos em 48 disputados). Segundo Luxemburgo, a fase de maus resultados pertence ao passado. «Eu disse que o momento era ruim, mas ia passar, como aconteceu com os outros clubes.
+NaÌ?o eÌ? uma pecha moralista. Quer dizer basicamente que se trata de algueÌ?m honesto e humanista. Symons era decente.
+TeÌ?cnicos do Jardim BotaÌ?nico do DF e da FundaçaÌ?o Natureza do Estado vaÌ?o começar, no fim do meÌ?s, o estudo para a ocupaçaÌ?o racional da Reserva EcoloÌ?gica de Palmas. Com 156 mil hectares, a reserva tem sido invadida por loteamentos e desmatamentos clandestinos. «Foi uma execuçaÌ?o.
+A estrateÌ?gia governista era inverter a pauta de votaçaÌ?o, dando prioridade aÌ? MP, para aproveitar o plenaÌ?rio cheio. A votaçaÌ?o de requerimento de inversaÌ?o da pauta recebeu 250 votos, quando o quoÌ?rum miÌ?nimo era 252. Folha -- Como o sr. encara o fato de sua muÌ?sica estar sendo usada como terapia pela massa?
+Um vendedor de uma loja vizinha ao banco disse que um guardador de carros conseguiu pegar R$ 700. Os jogadores brasileiros teÌ?m aÌ? disposiçaÌ?o quatro maÌ?quinas de fliperama; cinco de totoÌ? (pebolim), oito jogos de damas e 12 dominoÌ?s. Assim como o Brasil, a federaçaÌ?o colombiana de futebol fechou o segundo andar do Marriot para os seus jogadores.
+ Supere o padraÌ?o de refereÌ?ncia
+As duas primeiras ficam na AraÌ?bia Saudita, a terceira em Israel. As cinco oraçoÌ?es diaÌ?rias que todo muçulmano deve fazer teÌ?m que ser direcionadas para Meca. 3.100 voltam ao trabalho nas autopeças
+A carne tambeÌ?m estaÌ? com preços em queda, devido aÌ? maior oferta de produto. Os preços do boi gordo no atacado estaÌ?o parados proÌ?ximos a CR$ 10 mil por arroba haÌ? duas semanas. No caso dos suiÌ?nos, frigoriÌ?ficos e criadores naÌ?o conseguem chegar a um acordo de preços.
+Na Fone-Fraldas, a encomenda miÌ?nima eÌ? de treÌ?s pacotes. Maxine -- EÌ? muito difiÌ?cil saber quanto dinheiro volta para o Brasil. Muitos imigrantes aqui mandam dinheiro de volta com outros para naÌ?o pagar taxas de transfereÌ?ncia.
+Toscani -- EÌ? uma mentalidade paternalista: «isso eÌ? o que querem e isso eu lhes dou». As mensagens habituais da publicidade saÌ?o dignas de um novo processo de Nuremberg. Continuam nos dizendo que todas as maÌ?es saÌ?o loiras, que todas as famiÌ?lias saÌ?o felizes, que nosso carro representa nosso poder e nossa poteÌ?ncia ateÌ? fiÌ?sica e sexual, que voceÌ? eÌ? o que voceÌ? consome, e seraÌ? respeitado pelo que voceÌ? consome, que o creme de merda que voceÌ? coloca na cara espalha perfeitamente a beleza que voceÌ? poderia vir a ser se copiasse Isabella Rossellini.
+A General Motors do Brasil colocou aÌ? venda um imoÌ?vel industrial na zona sul de SaÌ?o Paulo, com terreno de 8.070 metros quadrados. O preço eÌ? de US$ 2 milhoÌ?es. Berger estava em 5º lugar no GP de 89, a 9s do liÌ?der e depois vencedor da prova, Senna.
+ PAULO COELHO
+A Itautec mostra o primeiro micro da famiÌ?lia IS com chip Pentium para uso geral. Os outros Pentium saÌ?o servidores de rede. O micro, ainda sem nome definido, teraÌ? gabinete em torre, capacidade de memoÌ?ria RAM de 4 a 192 Mbytes e custaraÌ? R$ 3.500.
+ 38,6 2,4
+«Esta histoÌ?ria de dizer que com o fim do monopoÌ?lio o Brasil tem mais chance de desenvolvimento eÌ? uma falaÌ?cia, uma enganaçaÌ?o», disse Fantine. Segundo ele, as multinacionais saÌ?o taÌ?o ruins para pagar «royalties» e dividendos, que saiÌ?ram de todos os paiÌ?ses onde tinham concessoÌ?es, como AraÌ?bia Saudita, Kuait, Iraque, e IraÌ?. ReduçaÌ?o de prazo do ICMS elevaraÌ? preços
+Aloizio Mercadante, vice de Lula, ontem no «Jornal da Tarde». Programas como «Jornal da Globo», «Flash», «MetroÌ?polis» e «Perfil» este com o quadro «O bloco de moda de Bete Blanche», apresentado pela proÌ?pria, mulher do apresentador Otavio Mesquita incluiÌ?ram quadros de moda e hoje cobrem alguns dos eventos mais importantes. Para quem tem TV a cabo, a escolha eÌ? ainda maior: ambas as redes CNN (com «Style) e Superstation (com »Fashion File") oferecem programas totalmente dedicados aÌ? moda.
+ Do enviado a Adelaide
+Compra de meios de comunicaçaÌ?o por grandes grupos eÌ? uma 'ameaça aÌ? liberdade de expressaÌ?o' para 58%. FERNANDA SCALZO
+Mais de 10 mil muçulmanos saiÌ?ram aÌ?s ruas de Dacca (Bangladesh) para exigir a morte da escritora feminista Taslima Nasreen, 32, a quem acusam de blasfeÌ?mia. O grupo Jamaat-i-Islami convocou uma greve geral para o dia 30, para pressionar o governo a castigaÌ?-la. Suzy Fittipaldi contou que desde 1992, quando o filho sofreu um acidente no GP da França e fraturou uma veÌ?rtebra, naÌ?o assiste mais aÌ?s corridas pela televisaÌ?o.
+ rosa, orquiÌ?dea, mimosa, verbena,
+Silva naÌ?o quis adiantar possiÌ?veis contrataçoÌ?es. Henrique Alves, vice-presidente de futebol, afirmou que o clube "soÌ? tem prioridade na contrataçaÌ?o do jogador Souza, do Rio Branco. Art.
+No iniÌ?cio da noite, saiu de sua casa em SaÌ?o Bernardo para cumprimentar e dar autoÌ?grafos a um grupo de cerca de 30 pessoas, na sua maioria crianças, que se aglomeravam na porta. Disse ter uma uÌ?ltima mensagem para os eleitores. Ele pediu que «Deus iluminasse a todos na hora do voto».
+NaÌ?o importa. O que importa eÌ? uma cidade aerodinaÌ?mica, para automoÌ?veis, para gloÌ?ria do prefeito. ApoÌ?s o surto (fase croÌ?nica), a doença costuma deixar sintomas «residuais», como isolamento social, apatia, deÌ?ficit intelectual e capacidade afetiva empobrecida.
+«Robert Burns -- 50 Poemas». Para compensar o atraso, adicionou a cada volume enviado aÌ?s livrarias uma pequena garrafa de uiÌ?sque. Por R$ 19, a gente leva para casa 50 poemas de Burns e 50 ml de Teacher's.
+A situaçaÌ?o de Palmeira ficou insustentaÌ?vel a partir do depoimento do motorista da empreiteira SeÌ?rvia, ontem. As TVs entraram na cobertura, o que ampliou a repercussaÌ?o do caso e deixou os tucanos ainda mais preocupados. Gota d'aÌ?gua
+ Pesquisa mostra que profissional dos EUA gostaria de participar das decisoÌ?es
+A mudança vai acabar gerando «dor». O combate a essa dor viraÌ? com o «remeÌ?dio» da nova fase. Nessas horas, segundo Arasaki, os conflitos podem aumentar dentro das diversas aÌ?reas envolvidas no processo de mudança.
+«O Brasil tinha um bom jogador em cada posiçaÌ?o. NoÌ?s, naÌ?o». «Foi o maior triunfo da histoÌ?ria do nosso futebol», contou aÌ? Folha o empolgado Tony Moore, um industrial de madeira em Dublin, abraçado aÌ? esposa Kathy e a duas canecas gigantescas de cerveja Guiness, na noite de saÌ?bado, no bar, claro, The Green, ou «O Verde», em Nova York, coraçaÌ?o da festa dos irlandeses.
+ HaÌ? vaÌ?rios times ideais possiÌ?veis do SaÌ?o Paulo, em um, podem jogar Cafu e RaiÌ?, em outro, talvez De Sordi e BeneÌ?
+DADDY!
+No final da votaçaÌ?o, os disquetes seraÌ?o levados aÌ? uma «seçaÌ?o totalizadora» no mesmo local, onde o resultado seraÌ? processado em um uÌ?nico disquete, entregue depois aÌ? Justiça Eleitoral. SP Litoral
+O candidato a governador de SaÌ?o Paulo pelo PSDB, MaÌ?rio Covas primeiro colocado na pesquisa do Datafolha, com 48% foi o principal alvo de criÌ?ticas e acusaçoÌ?es durante o debate realizado anteontem aÌ? noite pela Rede Gazeta, em SaÌ?o Paulo. A acusaçaÌ?o de irregularidades financeiras na campanha tucana, revelada pela Folha na semana passada, permeou todo o debate. O SUS previa um sistema descentralizado de auditoria, em que os municiÌ?pios e os proÌ?prios usuaÌ?rios do sistema de sauÌ?de deveriam atuar na fiscalizaçaÌ?o.
+O jogador haÌ? dois meses tem dores no nervo ciaÌ?tico, nas costas. Parreira acredita que com Leonardo a equipe ficaraÌ? mais forte no ataque e mais fraÌ?gil na defesa. Ginecologista naÌ?o eÌ? encontrada
+ Klinsmann mergulha de cabeça, na marca do peÌ?nalti, mas cabeceia em cima de Mihailov
+CAETANO LAGRASTA NETO, 51, eÌ? juiz do 2º Tribunal de Alçada Civil do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo. SOÌ?NIA DAS DORES DIONIÌ?SIO, 37, eÌ? juiÌ?za do Trabalho Substituta da 4ª Junta de ConciliaçaÌ?o e Julgamento de VitoÌ?ria (ES). Alencar esteve ontem com o presidente Itamar Franco reivindicando careÌ?ncia para que o governo estadual quite as diÌ?vidas da CBTU (Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos), que passaraÌ? do governo federal para o do Rio.
+Motivei os jogadores. Ganhamos por 2 a 1. Camargo CorreÌ?a define novo presidente
+ApoÌ?s cada jogo da seleçaÌ?o haveraÌ? shows para a torcida mineira na praça da EstaçaÌ?o (centro) e no bairro da Savassi (zona sul). O primeiro show eÌ? nesta segunda-feira, na Savassi. A banda baiana Biss, da cantora VaÌ?nia Bastos, irmaÌ? da cantora Daniela Mercury, vai animar a festa.
+ SeminaÌ?rio discute a violeÌ?ncia contra mulher
+O texto tem orientaçaÌ?o da psicanalista Ana Clara Cenamo. Os figurinos, de Niura Bellavinha, e os bonecos alguns construiÌ?dos em cena (de Ciro Pirondi, que tambeÌ?m fez o cenaÌ?rio) chamam a atençaÌ?o. Somados ao trabalho dos atores, daÌ?o um tom de leveza e humor aÌ? peça.
+A partir de uma sucessaÌ?o de passos simples, encadeados com precisaÌ?o e flueÌ?ncia, Childs desenvolve uma nova teatralidade. Sintetizando essas qualidades, «Dance» se contrapoÌ?e a «Concerto», uma peça de nove minutos, criada ano passado ao som de «Concerto para Cravo e Corda», de GoÌ?recki. Nesta peça curtiÌ?ssima, a intensidade quase barroca da composiçaÌ?o de GoÌ?recki produz um certo clima de juÌ?bilo, percebido pela pulsaçaÌ?o que a coreografia instala no ambiente ceÌ?nico.
+O curador Nelson Aguilar disse ontem aÌ? Folha que a escolha dos 23 artistas representantes do Brasil eÌ? abrangente e naÌ?o comete nenhuma grande injustiça. Aguilar acha que nomes novos seraÌ?o revelados ao grande puÌ?blico e que o conjunto de artistas escolhidos demonstra uma conscieÌ?ncia internacional na praÌ?tica da arte brasileira. *.
+E eu devia trocar de lugar com o CloÌ?vis Rossi. Eu ia pra paÌ?gina 2 da Folha e ele vinha pro meu lugar. EÌ? que o articulista e agora humorista CloÌ?vis Rossi escreveu uma peÌ?rola de humor intitulada «O Jegue».
+EstaÌ? certo que devemos cuidar de nosso corpo afinal de contas, ele eÌ? o templo do EspiÌ?rito Santo e merece nosso respeito e carinho. EstaÌ? certo que devemos aproveitar ao maÌ?ximo nosso tempo afinal de contas, eÌ? preciso lutar por nossos sonhos, e temos que concentrar nossos esforços neste sentido. Folha -- Quais saÌ?o os limites entre a histoÌ?ria e a ficçaÌ?o, se eÌ? que existe algum?
+Sob o tiÌ?tulo «A gafe que relança a campanha presidencial», o jornal franceÌ?s «Le Monde» reservou uma paÌ?gina inteira para explicar a confusaÌ?o em torno de Ricupero e os efeitos na sucessaÌ?o presidencial. VitoÌ?ria poÌ?e os Trail Blazers nos playoffs
+CartaÌ?o de creÌ?dito: Diners. Nove muçulmanos morrem na ArgeÌ?lia
+ 16h30 -- RomeÌ?nia x SueÌ?cia
+Com os leiloÌ?es, a BNDESpar segue com a poliÌ?tica de venda das participaçoÌ?es apoÌ?s a maturaçaÌ?o dos empreendimentos. Assim, teve de disputar este torneio com o que lhe restou de um time brilhante que perdeu o brilho. Tanto mais isso eÌ? verdade que aiÌ? estaÌ?o Sierra e AlemaÌ?o, dois armadores receÌ?m-contratados e ainda naÌ?o utilizados por razoÌ?es burocraÌ?ticas.
+ Gols pela seleçaÌ?o
+A Quaker, rainha do mingau de aveia, inicia esta semana uma ofensiva na direçaÌ?o da faixa jovem do mercado. A filial brasileira do tradicional grupo norte-americano, fundado em 1877, pinçou de seu portfolio internacional a marca Oatmeal. Aproveitando-se de um congestionamento provocado por manifestaçaÌ?o de moradores protestavam contra o desaparecimento de uma menina, os assaltantes levaram dinheiro e objetos de diversos motoristas.
+Hoje eÌ? uma questaÌ?o de sobreviveÌ?ncia de uma tradiçaÌ?o que desaparece. Wynton Marsalis altera o estatuto do geÌ?nero. Cimentou-o aÌ? muÌ?sica erudita.
+No caso da conquista do tetra, ela eÌ? poreÌ?m inteiramente justificaÌ?vel. Tanto mais quanto vem mostrar que, ao se enfeitar de verde e amarelo para uma festa que era toda dele, o povaÌ?o estava coÌ?nscio de que nem a farsa de Collor nem os escaÌ?ndalos da quadrilha do Orçamento e de seus cuÌ?mplices no Congresso chegaram a aviltar irreparavelmente as duas cores paÌ?trias. Em 1709, devido ao crescimento populacional da regiaÌ?o e sua fonte de riqueza, Portugal resolveu criar a nova capitania de SaÌ?o Paulo e Minas do Ouro.
+Segundo o diretor de produçaÌ?o, a conviveÌ?ncia melhorou entre os funcionaÌ?rios, que costumam discutir os problemas em reunioÌ?es por setor da metaluÌ?rgica. O ambiente fiÌ?sico tambeÌ?m se transformou com a colocaçaÌ?o de floreiras. Cada funcionaÌ?rio se responsabiliza pela limpeza do seu local de trabalho, o que levou aÌ? eliminaçaÌ?o do serviço de faxina.
+ VioleÌ?ncia eÌ?tnica mata 200 civis no Burundi
+O DJ Jr. Gong, 14, nome artiÌ?stico de Damian Marley, eÌ? o exemplo mais jovem. A primeira vez que Julian subiu no palco foi no Sunsplash (festival de reggae jamaicano) de 1981, quando tinha seis anos. O liÌ?der do governo no Senado, Pedro Simon (PMDB-RS), comemorou a aprovaçaÌ?o do projeto.
+ Pedras
+O projeto da secretaria preveÌ? que a APM iraÌ? fazer um remanejamento desses funcionaÌ?rios e pagar um adicional de produtividade para melhorar os serviços de atendimento. Para o vereador Adriano Diogo (PT), membro da comissaÌ?o de sauÌ?de da CaÌ?mara, a parceria eÌ? ilegal. «NaÌ?o existe a figura juriÌ?dica da parceria.
+Marcelo; Ferreira, JuÌ?nior, Remerson e Ronaldo Alfredo; Maurinho, Alberto e JoaÌ?o Santos; Ludo, SiÌ?lvio e Edilson. TeÌ?cnico -- Cilinho
+O Ibama (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais RenovaÌ?veis) naÌ?o aprovou o projeto Granja Brasil um mega-empreendimento imobiliaÌ?rio (que inclui shopping center, supermercado e 30 preÌ?dios) que estaÌ? sendo combatido por ambientalistas de Itaipava, distrito de PetroÌ?polis (regiaÌ?o serrana do Rio). O presidente do Ibama, SimaÌ?o Marrul Filho, informou ao Conselho Estadual de Controle Ambiental, ser contraÌ?rio aÌ? aprovaçaÌ?o do Rima (RelatoÌ?rio de Impacto Ambiental) apresentado pela Bahaus Engenharia e ConstruçaÌ?o, empresa responsaÌ?vel pelo projeto. `Castor quer ter uma vida normal', diz seu advogado
+NaÌ?o estaÌ?o congelados. Governo promete punir abusos nos reajustes, mas o processo eÌ? lento. A diferença eÌ? atribuiÌ?da aÌ? disparidade cambial entre o doÌ?lar e o real.
+«Ele eÌ? uma gracinha, naÌ?o eÌ?»?
+ApoÌ?s a assinatura do decreto, financiamentos bancaÌ?rios de ateÌ? 20 mil Ufirs (CR$ 21,3 milhoÌ?es) poderaÌ?o ter como garantia o proÌ?prio bem financiado. Segundo Santos, o bicheiro estaÌ? no Rio e naÌ?o pretende sair do paiÌ?s. Santos afirmou ter se encontrado com Castor na noite de saÌ?bado, durante 15 minutos.
+Quem estaÌ? pensando em visitar Blumenau em outubro, deve providenciar logo a hospedagem. Durante o periÌ?odo da festa eÌ? difiÌ?cil conseguir lugar nos vaÌ?rios hoteÌ?is de Blumenau. A cidade fica literalmente lotada.
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+ Um dos capitaÌ?es da seleçaÌ?o brasileira na Copa de 82
+ Dimitri Kharin
+ Caio TuÌ?lio Costa
+VoceÌ?s teÌ?m sucos maravilhosos. JaÌ? comi vaÌ?rios doces aqui e adorei todos. O leite e o queijo tambeÌ?m saÌ?o muito bons»
+«Com certeza vaÌ?o surgir vaÌ?rios coqueteÌ?is misturando cafeÌ? e tequila», afirma Naves, que apostou nessa dobradinha para criar seu primeiro drinque do inverno de 1994. Quem estiver pensando em fazer os drinques em casa deve ter cuidado na hora de escolher os copos. A dica eÌ? usar os de peÌ? alto (como os de vinho) ou com alça.
+O condomiÌ?nio Central Park, na avenida Paulista, eÌ? um exemplo. O preÌ?dio, em concreto aparente, estaÌ? recebendo camadas de tinta verde-limaÌ?o e lilaÌ?s. A tinta laÌ?tex acriÌ?lica, segundo a construtora, tem custo baixo em relaçaÌ?o a granitos e maÌ?rmores: 2 URVs o m2.
+Na Cavenaghi a inversaÌ?o de pedais custa 110 URVs; acelerador e freio manual, 221 URVs; embreagem eletroÌ?nica, 950 URVs; embreagem manual, 291 URVs. ONDE ENCONTRAR
+Seria muito chato. DaiÌ? que Updike delirou. Quis confrontar-se com a selvageria latente em nossa sociedade.
+ MaÌ?rio Flores, chefe de atual serviço de informaçaÌ?o, continuaria no cargo
+BRASIÌ?LIA EstaÌ? para explodir um escaÌ?ndalo gigantesco. Podem apostar: naÌ?o seraÌ? um escaÌ?ndalo de milhoÌ?es de doÌ?lares. Mas de bilhoÌ?es.
+ Rapazes ficam 18 dias na mata
+Pela proposta, as melhores equipes começariam o ano jogando o Brasileiro. Enquanto isso, as equipes do interior jogariam os estaduais. No fim do ano, os «grandes» decidiriam o estadual contra os melhores classificados da primeira fase da competiçaÌ?o.
+Se voceÌ? tem o cara que fez isso tudo, que escreveu, que tem uma ligaçaÌ?o pessoal, eÌ? bom para descobrir. AiÌ? cai a ficha geral. Alexandre Borges -- Ele tem uma dinaÌ?mica de trabalho, uma clareza no que quer.
+«SoÌ? se veÌ? o telhado da escola. HaÌ? muita gente morta, o povo estaÌ? angustiado», disse Garcia. O ingresso para os jogos de futebol custava entre 2.000 e 20 mil reÌ?is o preço meÌ?dio subiu 41,25 sextilhoÌ?es de vezes em 54 anos.
+ Da Reportagem Local
+A repercussaÌ?o foi taÌ?o boa que, meses depois, o Antone's jaÌ? estava levando para o estuÌ?dio talentosos blueseiros da regiaÌ?o, como Angela Strehli, Lou Ann Barton e Doug Sahm. Hoje, o selo tem um cataÌ?logo de 28 tiÌ?tulos alguns ateÌ? jaÌ? indicados para o preÌ?mio Grammy. No Brasil, apenas um jogador tem a capacidade teÌ?cnica e pulmonar para a funçaÌ?o: Cafu.
+Fica na r. do ParaiÌ?so, 494, tel. 251-2201. Novidade -- JaÌ? eÌ? quase impossiÌ?vel acompanhar o surgimento de bares e restaurantes na vila Madalena.
+A vida, como o teatro, aÌ?s vezes precisa desesperadamente de um final feliz. A maioria dos 9.000 policiais palestinos em Gaza e JericoÌ? veio de grupos guerrilheiros exilados no Iraque e IeÌ?men. A transiçaÌ?o de guerrilheiro a policial pode demorar.
+ Mato Grosso do Sul 4
+Assim que o inqueÌ?rito policial eÌ? concluiÌ?do, o processo eÌ? encaminhado para a decisaÌ?o da Justiça Criminal. A condenaçaÌ?o por crime de injuÌ?ria ou de ameaça eÌ? de um a seis meses de prisaÌ?o ou multa. Para crime de constrangimento ilegal, a pena eÌ? de treÌ?s meses a um ano ou multa.
+Passa o dia em SaÌ?o Paulo. Embarca aÌ? tarde para Fortaleza, onde faraÌ? comiÌ?cio. A estimativa foi dada pelo presidente da Aadic (AssociaçaÌ?o das Administradoras de Bens ImoÌ?veis e CondomiÌ?nios de SaÌ?o Paulo), JoseÌ? Roberto Graiche.
+Ela, impaciente. Isto eÌ? uma notiÌ?cia de ontem. Diz que laÌ? na ParaiÌ?ba dois homens, o Francisco Adonias Silva e o JoaÌ?o Oliveira, brigaram a faca por causa de uma mulher, a Maria Alice.
+ ZeÌ? Roberto diz que naÌ?o existem `estrelas' na seleçaÌ?o masculina
+ De Nova York
+No mercado de DI (DepoÌ?sito Interfinanceiro) da BM&F, a projeçaÌ?o de juros para fevereiro fechou em 44,52%, contra 43,25% da veÌ?spera. Para março, em 42,59%. No mercado futuro do iÌ?ndice Bovespa, a cotaçaÌ?o para fevereiro ficou em 86.388 pontos, projetando lucratividade de 58,74% ao meÌ?s.
+Soldados do 3º BatalhaÌ?o da PoliÌ?cia Militar, do BatalhaÌ?o de Choque e do BatalhaÌ?o de OperaçoÌ?es Especiais invadiram ontem aÌ? tarde o morro do Urubu, no subuÌ?rbio de Vaz Lobo (zona norte do Rio). A operaçaÌ?o pretendia acabar com a guerra que se instaurou no morro nas uÌ?ltimas semanas entre as quadrilhas do traficante Eraldo Pinto Medeiros, o UeÌ?, do Comando Vermelho, e de outro traficante conhecido por Caveirinha. Guedes acredita que o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso solucione o problema de repasse de verbas federais para o Sistema Descentralizado de SauÌ?de.
+Os proÌ?prios comerciantes reconheciam que seus preços estavam muito altos. SeÌ?rgio Murilha, dono da maior banca de pescados do varejaÌ?o, disse que o vento e o frio atrapalharam a pesca. Desde o governo Dutra (1946-1951), os presidentes eleitos cumpriram as diretrizes econoÌ?micas gerais definidas em seus discursos de campanha e programas e, fora, Collor, muito mais do que isso.
+«A CVRD eÌ? ainda uma empresa estrangeira no ParaÌ?», afirma a secretaÌ?ria estadual de Planejamento, Maria EugeÌ?nia Rio. Casagrande -- Vou jogar como atacante no iniÌ?cio, junto com o Viola laÌ? na frente. Mas hoje eu tenho condiçoÌ?es de jogar na posiçaÌ?o que o treinador quiser.
+ SOBREMESA
+Segundo estudantes, os professores de cirurgia geral, ortopedia, anestesia e cliÌ?nica meÌ?dica raramente comparecem ao Juquery. F-1 perde 1 bilhaÌ?o de telespectadores
+ A RESPOSTA
+HaÌ? comentaÌ?rios de que o pai do piloto, Wilsinho, tentou levaÌ?-lo para a Williams. Sem sucesso. Latas de azeite, catchup, salsicha em conserva e ervilhas em lata podem ser encontradas no meio dos itens de algumas das cestas preparadas pela Casa Ricardo.
+JoseÌ? Cordoba Montoya, 43, era chefe de gabinete do presidente para muitos, sua «emineÌ?ncia parda» e seraÌ? representante do MeÌ?xico no Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. Na veÌ?spera, Salinas havia nomeado o ex-ministro Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de LeoÌ?n, 42, para concorrer nas eleiçoÌ?es de agosto no lugar do candidato assassinado. Zedillo, que coordenava a campanha de Colosio, era considerado um protegido de Cordoba.
+Sem exagero, para noÌ?s que militamos nas vinhas do jornalismo, equipara-se ao PreÌ?mio Pulitzer ou, melhor ainda, ao PreÌ?mio Esso. Quase morri de emoçaÌ?o. Agora, acho que vou ateÌ? o Callahan's Bar e pedir alguns coqueteÌ?is virtuais-digitais.
+O ex-ministro do ExeÌ?rcito LeoÌ?nidas Pires Gonçalves concorda com o aumento do orçamento das Forças Armadas previsto no programa de governo do PT. «Independente de partido poliÌ?tico, em qualquer governo, seja ele de direita, centro ou esquerda, os recursos orçamentaÌ?rios para as Forças Armadas teÌ?m que ser, no miÌ?nimo, dobrados. Deve-se tambeÌ?m estabelecer planos quinquenais», disse LeoÌ?nidas.
+ Genebaldo Correia (PMDB-BA)
+A Santa Casa de SaÌ?o Paulo criou um programa para buscar doadores em igrejas e empresas para enfrentar a falta de sangue. O Hospital SaÌ?o Paulo, o mais prejudicado, estaÌ? suspendendo de 5 a 9 cirurgias diariamente por falta de sangue para transfusaÌ?o. AleÌ?m de Pedron, mais nove cafeicultores foram premiados (veja relaçaÌ?o abaixo).
+Com certeza, mente!
+Mas os jogadores da «Azzurra» saem do Mundial como os heroÌ?is de uma equipe sem esquema e sem taÌ?tica, dizimada pelo calor e pelas caÌ?ibras, por um preparo atleÌ?tico lamentaÌ?vel, apesar dos esforços do competente Vincenzo Pincolini que pegou todos no bagaço da mais desgastante temporada na ItaÌ?lia dos uÌ?ltimos 50 anos. Ou seja, desde a fatalidade da Grande Guerra. Mesmo que perca do Brasil, ao menos um trofeÌ?u a «Azzurra» vai arrebatar: todos os seus atletas jogam mesmo nos gramados de seu paiÌ?s.
+A VigilaÌ?ncia SanitaÌ?ria Municipal de SaÌ?o Paulo multou ontem quatro supermercados durante coleta de amostras de carnes e derivados, acompanhada por teÌ?cnicos do Serviço de InspeçaÌ?o Federal, ligado ao MinisteÌ?rio da Agricultura. O supermercado Goods, em Santa EfigeÌ?nia (centro), foi multado por manter o balcaÌ?o frigoriÌ?fico com temperatura irregular. O periÌ?odo da Quaresma nos convida a perceber melhor as dificuldades a superar.
+Curriculum: treinamentos de sobreviveÌ?ncia na selva, no mar e em casos de inceÌ?ndio. CASTRADO 1
+Os dois tentam uma vaga na Copa do Mundo. O que se sair melhor hoje iraÌ? aos Estados Unidos. Se os dois tiverem bom desempenho, podem, juntos, ser convocados.
+ Agora eÌ? chique ser cafona
+O segundo gol do SaÌ?o Paulo desorganizou completamente o Palmeiras. EdiÌ?lson entrou para jogar pela direita, ao lado de Mazinho, que deixou para Amaral a funçaÌ?o de defesa. Mas o time de TeleÌ? jaÌ? estava recuado e AndreÌ?, em um dia feliz, naÌ?o teve dificuldade para neutralizar EdiÌ?lson.
+ ProduçaÌ?o: EUA, 1994
+A Mercedes foi a 12ª colocada no ranking de importados no meÌ?s de junho, com apenas 44 unidades. A Renault continua liderando a lista de emplacamentos com 282 unidades, apenas uma a mais que em junho. Em seguida estaÌ? a Honda com 187 carros, contra 250 do meÌ?s anterior.
+No entanto, ele informou que a faÌ?brica vai fornecer latas para o interior de SaÌ?o Paulo e o Norte do ParanaÌ?. Retornam ainda aÌ? Exposul as empresas de aeronaves para aviaçaÌ?o agriÌ?cola. A recessaÌ?o as havia afastado nos anos anteriores.
+A contrapartida da induÌ?stria seraÌ? um esforço para aumentar a produçaÌ?o. EÌ? a outra maneira de evitar aumento de preços. De acordo com o estudo, as parcerias firmadas distribuem-se nos setores automobiliÌ?stico, sideruÌ?rgico, alimentiÌ?cio, papel e celulose e de seguros.
+ Montoro Fº teme herança de Fleury
+Onde: Palace (av. dos Jamaris, 213, tel. 011/531-4900, Moema, zona sul de SaÌ?o Paulo)
+Conseguir maior volume de vendas em SaÌ?o Paulo, o maior mercado para os importados, tambeÌ?m eÌ? outra arma da Peugeot. Essa eÌ? a prioridade da empresa ateÌ? o final do ano. «Tivemos um primeiro semestre muito ruim na cidade.
+Para compensar, a Woodstock Ventures, que se aliou aÌ? Polygram nas «bodas de prata» do Woodstock, jaÌ? confirmou bandas atuais como Red Hot Chili Peppers, Alice in Chains, Metallica e Aerosmith, entre outros 30 nomes. Joel Rosenman, da Woodstock Ventures, afirma que o preço dos ingressos naÌ?o deve ser comparado aos US$ 18 cobrados haÌ? 25 anos por treÌ?s dias de shows em Bethel. InformaçoÌ?es para todo o mundo sobre o Woodstock'94 podem ser obtidas pelo telefone 212/ 765-1994.
+Todos os partidos que fazem alianças esdruÌ?xulas usam o mesmo argumento. NingueÌ?m acredita. TreÌ?s CDs saÌ?o mais que suficientes para sintetizar obra de Paul Simon
+Foram registrados entre as 12h de quarta-feira e a 0h de ontem 431 acidentes nas estradas de SaÌ?o Paulo. Vinte pessoas morreram e 118 ficaram feridas. Dutra
+A parcela dos que consideram o governo regular tem permanecido surpreendentemente estaÌ?vel, na faixa de 43% a 49%, ao longo de todo esse periÌ?odo. Particularmente significativo, Itamar caminha, segundo as sondagens de intençaÌ?o de voto, para ser o primeiro presidente do Brasil moderno a eleger democraticamente seu sucessor. As açoÌ?es da TelebraÌ?s ON estiveram entre as maiores altas (+4,2%) na Bolsa paulista.
+Pela primeira vez desde que o Plano Real foi implantado, em julho, a Justiça do Trabalho concedeu antecipaçaÌ?o salarial a uma categoria que naÌ?o estaÌ? em data-base: os trabalhadores da construçaÌ?o civil em SaÌ?o Paulo. O juiz JoseÌ? Victorio Mora, do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho em SaÌ?o Paulo, determinou que o Sinduscon (representa as construtoras) pague em outubro uma antecipaçaÌ?o de 5%, calculada sobre os salaÌ?rios de março, a ser descontada na data-base, em maio. Ele afirmou que naÌ?o mudaraÌ? seu estilo, «apesar do esforço de grupos do setor privado que tentam me descaracterizar».
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+ FERNANDO MOLICA
+«EÌ? mesmo?», perguntou JuÌ?nior Baiano ao saber da novidade. O meia Leonardo achou positivo. «Na Libertadores os jogos saÌ?o muito difiÌ?ceis e por isso eÌ? melhor enfrentar um time forte aqui mesmo.
+ Munhoz quer vender açoÌ?es de empresas estatais
+O STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) poderaÌ? julgar a denuÌ?ncia contra o ex-governador Orestes QueÌ?rcia, no inqueÌ?rito das importaçoÌ?es de Israel, no dia 5 de agosto. O ministro-relator Costa Leite, do STJ, trabalha com esta previsaÌ?o, diante da rapidez com que foram apresentadas as peças da defesa preliminar. ParanaÌ? 1
+ PAULO COELHO
+Depois de avisar ao Itamaraty que naÌ?o iraÌ? aÌ? concorrida festa de gala de amanhaÌ? jaÌ? que estaraÌ? em seu siÌ?tio, Aristides Junqueira tomou precauçaÌ?o extra. Para evitar o suposto comeÌ?rcio paralelo, mandou triturar seu convite. UÌ?ltima chance
+E isto naÌ?o foi nenhuma exceçaÌ?o. A realidade dos bancaÌ?rios eÌ? completamente diferente. Nos uÌ?ltimos 12 meses, a inflaçaÌ?o medida pelo ICV-Dieese foi de 4.370,53%, enquanto a correçaÌ?o dos salaÌ?rios ficou em apenas 1.937,66%.
+Mas ele acrescentou:
+As ferramentas saÌ?o faÌ?ceis de usar e daÌ?o aos textos uma apareÌ?ncia mais atraente. JuÌ?nia deve recusar ser vice de Brizola
+Flores permaneceu, no periÌ?odo, como oficial da Marinha. O regime militar eÌ? objeto de consensos. Dois deles saÌ?o as transformaçoÌ?es econoÌ?micas que o paiÌ?s atravessou e a asfixia das liberdades num periÌ?odo de confronto radicalizado entre a esquerda e o establishment.
+Quem sabe se, contemplando as cuÌ?pulas da Praça Vermelha, FHC percebe que nem os czares podem dar-se ao luxo de esperar e olhar as crises aÌ? distaÌ?ncia. No proÌ?ximo 18 de setembro, a prestigiosa Orquestra do Concertgebouw de AmsterdaÌ?, regida por Ricardo Chailly, faraÌ? um uÌ?nico espetaÌ?culo no Municipal. SoÌ? para convidados da empresa Philips do Brasil S.A. O Mozarteum anuncia o paliativo de sempre: a orquestra faraÌ? no dia seguinte um concerto ao ar livre no AnhangabauÌ?.
+No bar e na praia proÌ?xima, o posto nove de Ipanema, o vendedor ambulante AntoÌ?nio Augusto dos Santos vendeu 40 camisetas estampadas com uma parte da partitura de «Garota de Ipanema». Cada uma foi vendida por R$ 8,00. O voto em branco beneficia algum partido ou candidato?
+Ontem, a relaçaÌ?o era de R$ 1,90 (traseiro) por R$ 1,35 (dianteiro). EstaÌ? havendo menor procura da carne de segunda, de acordo com Itacyl Gamelo, porque «a induÌ?stria exportadora jaÌ? deixou de comprar o produto e estaÌ? havendo concorreÌ?ncia direta do frango». Quando Ulysses saiu, Oliveira fez mençaÌ?o de se aproximar, mas os jornalistas foram mais raÌ?pidos e cercaram o presidente do MDB.
+Dizia que bastavam alguns respingos de chuva para que o quoÌ?rum no Congresso minguasse. Suas palavras: «(...) eu naÌ?o tenho medo de mau tempo, que qualquer que ele seja apresento-me na casa, e aÌ?s vezes deixo de entrar porque me revolta ver que, tendo eu vindo com meu guarda-chuva debaixo do braço, muitos senhores se deixam ficar em casa.»
+«`Nossa expectativa eÌ? de que o esvaziamento dos hoteÌ?is nos fins-de-semana deixe de acontecer jaÌ? em 95», diz Cury. Segundo Cury, ateÌ? o iniÌ?cio da deÌ?cada de 80, SaÌ?o Paulo era uma cidade sem estrutura para receber os turistas. Vergueiro, 1.000, tel. 277-3611, ralam 292)
+O sistema majoritaÌ?rio estimula a condensaçaÌ?o das correntes poliÌ?ticas em apenas dois ou treÌ?s partidos. As minorias encontram dificuldades para eleger representantes (porque precisam ter maioria nos distritos) e tendem assim a se transformar em fraçoÌ?es dos grandes partidos ou entaÌ?o a permanecer fora da poliÌ?tica institucional. O voto majoritaÌ?rio facilita a obtençaÌ?o de maiorias estaÌ?veis e a governabilidade.
+ TiÌ?tulo: Macbeth
+Quando foi criada, «Senhor» custava treÌ?s vezes mais do que as outras revistas da eÌ?poca. Canhim se opoÌ?e
+ Da Reportagem Local
+Cruz era casado com ValeÌ?ria Cristina Costa, 32, juiÌ?za-classista representante da categoria dos condutores rodoviaÌ?rios em SaÌ?o Paulo haÌ? nove anos. O sindicalista nasceu em fevereiro de 1953 em Piraju, interior de SaÌ?o Paulo. Tinha treÌ?s filhos do primeiro casamento, Flaviana e Lamek Cassiano, ambos com 16 anos, e Cassandra, 12.
+Antes de chegar aÌ? ilha, o visitante passa por Marechal Deodoro. A antiga capital do Estado abriga um acervo de igrejas barrocas. O jornalista ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA viajou a convite da revista MaceioÌ? Travel & Tour, hotel MeliaÌ? MaceioÌ? e Varig.
+ Games lideram a lista dos preferidos pela garotada; lojas oferecem programas educativos em portugueÌ?s
+ O livro trata do indiviÌ?duo e da necessidade de encontrar seu destino
+«Alma CorsaÌ?ria», o 11º. longa-metragem do cineasta Carlos Reichenbach diretor de «Filme DemeÌ?ncia» e «Anjos do Arrabalde», eÌ? um filme de encontros. Nele, todas as histoÌ?rias, a central e as paralelas, resultam de um embate de uma vida contra aquilo que tenta lhe destruir. O filme tambeÌ?m marca o reencontro de Reichenbach com o cinema, do qual se afastara apoÌ?s a quase dissoluçaÌ?o da produçaÌ?o no Brasil.
+EstaÌ? a 30 km de LençoÌ?is pelo asfalto. Segundo o Depave, a mortandade dos peixes foi causada por uma queda brusca na quantidade de oxigeÌ?nio das aÌ?guas do lago. As razoÌ?es da queda na oxigenaçaÌ?o da aÌ?gua ainda estaÌ?o sendo analisadas conjuntamente pelos teÌ?cnicos do Depave e da Cetesb (Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental).
+Folha -- A eleiçaÌ?o democraÌ?tica dos neofascistas na ItaÌ?lia parece introduzir mudanças na sensibilidade poliÌ?tica. Os extremistas, antes minoritaÌ?rios, tornam-se representantes de um governo legal. Que consequeÌ?ncias tem essas eleiçoÌ?es para a Europa?
+Dentro da geladeira. O que a empresa faz com esse dinheiro «adiantado»?
+O custo da cesta baÌ?sica rompeu ontem a barreira dos R$ 100,00, subiu 1,48% no final de semana e consolidou a tendeÌ?ncia de alta, jaÌ? apontada na semana passada. A cesta baÌ?sica custava ontem, em meÌ?dia, R$ 100,66, contra R$ 99,19 da uÌ?ltima sexta-feira, segundo pesquisa diaÌ?ria feita pelo Procon/Dieese em supermercados de SaÌ?o Paulo. Em junho do ano passado, o DiretoÌ?rio Nacional formou uma comissaÌ?o para examinar e complementar os documentos anteriores.
+Nada impede aÌ? aventura de ser mirabolante, de conter lances espetaculares. EÌ? ateÌ? desejaÌ?vel, em certos casos. Quando o cinema conforma-se, poreÌ?m, em ser apenas isso, naÌ?o informa e nem forma o espectador.
+ SERGIO TORRES
+«Com o petroÌ?leo saindo para SaÌ?o Paulo sem deixar um centavo de imposto no Rio, parecemos a AraÌ?bia Saudita sendo explorada pelos Estados Unidos», compara. O que a ComissaÌ?o de ConstituiçaÌ?o e Justiça recebeu da CPI, como relatoÌ?rio sobre Fiuza, foi um amontoado incompleto e mal feito, com indiÌ?cios de um acomodamento covarde entre as pressoÌ?es da opiniaÌ?o puÌ?blica e as pressoÌ?es em favor do liÌ?der do CentraÌ?o. NaÌ?o dirimida pela CPI, a complexidade do caso de Fiuza produz agora suas consequeÌ?ncias.
+Avanços tecnoloÌ?gicos permitem naÌ?o soÌ? a executivos trabalhar em casa, mas tambeÌ?m a radialistas. Com teÌ?cnicas de conversaÌ?o de sinais sonoros em sinais digitais, eles podem enviar a programaçaÌ?o de uma raÌ?dio por telefone ateÌ? o estuÌ?dio da emissora. De laÌ?, o som eÌ? retransmitido pelas antenas.
+O setor de imoÌ?veis residenciais aumentou em 8,92% o total de trabalhadores e o de imoÌ?veis industriais e comerciais, 4,35%. As construtoras de pequeno porte tiveram a maior alta no emprego: 14,33%. A suspeita eÌ? legiÌ?tima?
+«Ou entaÌ?o que o impeça de praticar a medicina.»
+De todo modo, Le Pen eÌ? hoje uma figura poliÌ?tica de peso e seu discurso racista e xenoÌ?fobo encontra apoio em uma parcela significativa do eleitorado. Ele recebeu a Folha durante a semana em sua casa, situada no bairro nobre de Saint Cloud, subuÌ?rbio de Paris. Entretanto, isso naÌ?o quer dizer que voceÌ? perdeu o dinheiro.
+Depois muda um pouco para pior.»
+Na proÌ?xima semana, começa a distribuiçaÌ?o de 16 milhoÌ?es de folhetos em preto e branco impressos com as notas e moedas do real. «Ele precisa melhorar um pouquinho nisso. O Palmeiras tem vaÌ?rias jogadas aÌ? base de velocidade e o goleiro precisa explorar isso.»
+A partir de amanhaÌ?, a Rede Cultura exibe EstreÌ?ia amanhaÌ? na Cultura, aÌ?s 19h30, a seÌ?rie canadense «As Aventuras de TinTim». Com episoÌ?dios de meia hora, exibidos de segunda a sexta, o seriado conta a histoÌ?ria do repoÌ?rter Tintim e de seu fiel caÌ?o Milu. Os personagens foram criados pelo cartunista belga HergeÌ?, em 1929, e saÌ?o os mais famosos da Europa.
+Ontem, o filho de ACM, deputado LuiÌ?s Eduardo MagalhaÌ?es, brincava com o senador Marco Maciel. Os dois estiveram em Contagem. Filhos de embaixadores de vaÌ?rios paiÌ?ses, ministros, empresaÌ?rios ou simplesmente de famiÌ?lias que apertam o orçamento para pagar a cara mensalidade (R$ 550) saÌ?o alguns dos brasileiros que sonham com uma educaçaÌ?o nos moldes do Primeiro Mundo.
+Mesmo com a entrada de investimentos de fora e a compra de mais empresas por bancos, naÌ?o temos nem a globalizaçaÌ?o da livre iniciativa, nem o controle dos bancos ou dos fundos de pensaÌ?o sobre o setor industrial. Mesmo sem dinastias industriais, o Brasil continua no estaÌ?gio do «capitalismo de famiÌ?lias». JoaÌ?o Bosco Lodi, 59, eÌ? consultor de empresas e autor de «Fortalecimento da Empresa Familiar», entre outros livros.
+Onde: Teatro Crowne Plaza (r. «O relator disse que Juninho (meia saÌ?o-paulino) deu um chute em Edmundo, quando na verdade soÌ? empurrou». Essa declaraçaÌ?o e os pedidos de vistas indicam favoritismo dos times paulistas na votaçaÌ?o.
+ ItaÌ?lia 84 x 49 Nova ZelaÌ?ndia
+Se o aposentado quiser receber mais, teraÌ? de recorrer ao sistema privado. O salaÌ?rio miÌ?nimo começaria a aumentar soÌ? no segundo semestre do proÌ?ximo ano. O objetivo eÌ? dobrar o valor atual (R$ 70) ateÌ? o fim de um eventual governo FHC.
+O oÌ?rgaÌ?o constatou que os consumidores naÌ?o leÌ?em o contrato e muitos ateÌ? assinam documentos em branco. Para o advogado DeÌ?lio Malheiros, de Belo Horizonte, financiamento que naÌ?o entrega o bem na hora da compra eÌ? ilegal. As obras seraÌ?o realizadas proÌ?ximas ao viaduto Pedroso, aÌ? praça presidente Gama Abdel Nasser, ao viaduto TutoÌ?ia e aÌ? rua Estela.
+Estamos entrando tambeÌ?m nos mercados da TailaÌ?ndia e Cingapura, porque existe demanda. No total, exportamos cerca de 50% do total da produçaÌ?o. Dois dos homens teriam retornado e entrado na garagem.
+ CatoÌ?licos
+* As pessoas perderam a ilusaÌ?o de que esse tipo de queixa resolva. Sabem que grande parte dos empregados naÌ?o estaÌ? treinada para lidar com reclamaçoÌ?es e encaminhaÌ?-las. Prefere acobertar seus erros e os dos colegas.
+Ganham: os proprietaÌ?rios de cadernetas de poupança. EstaraÌ?o guardando doÌ?lares na Caixa EconoÌ?mica Federal e naÌ?o doÌ?lares em baixo do colchaÌ?o. Perdem: os ladroÌ?es que ao inveÌ?s de roubarem doÌ?lares verdes, levaraÌ?o para casa aquelas cadernetinhas azuis do anuncio da CEF.
+Detetive particular -- A maioria dos BBSs e serviços on-line pedem aos membros que registrem seus interesses (cidades de origem, idade etc.) no seu «diretoÌ?rio de membros». Tudo que voceÌ? tem a fazer eÌ? fingir estar interessado em atividades inofensiva, tipo hobbies ou crianças. Mais tarde, voceÌ? teraÌ? oportunidade para ir direto ao que interessa.
+«Temos que recuperar os pontos perdidos para o Internacional.»
+ Maio
+Propaganda do novo sutiaÌ? wonderbra na revista inglesa «Sky» diz «Olhe nos meus olhos e diga que me ama». O NUÌ?MERO
+O custo meÌ?dio da cesta baÌ?sica na ciadade de SaÌ?o Paulo continua caindo. Ontem, a cesta custava R$ 102,23, segundo a pesquisa do Procon, feita em conveÌ?nio com o Dieese, com queda de 0,76% sobre terça-feira. A cesta acumula reduçaÌ?o de 3,92% no meÌ?s.
+ RICARDO CARVALHO COUTO
+Dawn Ficamos felizes, claro. Foi uma coisa oÌ?tima, porque, como banda nova, nunca se sabe direito o que vai acontecer. Ameaça de protesto reforça segurança no dia da posse
+O virtual candidato do PDT aÌ? PresideÌ?ncia, Leonel Brizola, disse que a proposta de uma assembleÌ?ia revisora exclusiva para reformar a ConstituiçaÌ?o «merece ser considerada e estudada». O rombo no sistema TelebraÌ?s jaÌ? eÌ? expressivo. SoÌ? no ano passado, a Embratel deixou de faturar 15 milhoÌ?es de minutos em ligaçoÌ?es iternacionais para os EUA.
+O ministro do Trabalho, Marcelo Pimentel, negou ontem no Rio que os petroleiros que «praticaram depredaçoÌ?es» durante a greve iniciada em 27 de setembro seraÌ?o anistiados. SindicaÌ?ncia interna da PetrobraÌ?s concluiu que eles teriam participado sabotagem como, por exemplo, colocar aÌ?gua em tanques de oÌ?leo combustiÌ?vel na refinaria de Gabriel Passos, em Betim (MG). Ontem, representantes dos grevistas e da Secretaria de SauÌ?de se reuniram, mas naÌ?o foi apresentada nenhuma proposta.
+«O Glauber naÌ?o falava nada. NaÌ?o sei se gostava do que eu fazia. NingueÌ?m me passava o gato.
+O fato de colocar os filhos no trabalho de produzir caixoÌ?es que seraÌ?o usados por crianças naÌ?o assusta Santos. «Estou profissionalizando meus filhos desde pequenos», disse. Ele coloca seu filho Aldo, 10, por exemplo, para vestir as crianças mortas.
+ (NB e FF)
+EÌ? o puladinho, o passo mais caracteriÌ?stico da «oxente-music», o ritmo que anima os bailes de subuÌ?rbio nas madrugadas de Carnaval em Fortaleza. A «oxente-music» traz ao velho forroÌ? cearense passos mais aeroÌ?bicos e acordes eleÌ?tricos. As bandas ganham o reforço de pelo menos dois bateristas, dois guitarristas, dois baixistas e dois saxofonistas, aleÌ?m dos vocalistas e sanfoneiros.
+A preocupaççaÌ?o do comando da campanha de Lula eÌ? que a fragilidade de algumas candidaturas estaduais do partido puxe Lula para baixo na disputa pela PresideÌ?ncia da RepuÌ?blica. Coppola daÌ? duas versoÌ?es do sonho americano
+A empregada domeÌ?stica Diana Batista dos Santos, 24, colocou aÌ? venda um de seus rins por CR$ 80 milhoÌ?es, em Manaus (AM). Diana disse ter boa sauÌ?de e fez exigeÌ?ncias para o provaÌ?vel comprador. O diretor da CliÌ?nica Renal de Manaus, o nefrologista AntoÌ?nio Duarte, disse que Diana naÌ?o pode anunciar a venda do oÌ?rgaÌ?o sem antes se submeter a uma seÌ?rie de exames de sauÌ?de.
+A primeira bomba explodiu imediatamente. Luis Santos morreu no local, depois de ser jogado contra o teto da casa. Seu amigo Adilson teve as maÌ?os decepadas e perdeu a vista direita.
+SaÌ?o esperadas apenas chuvas isoladas. Segundo o meteorologista Ernesto Alvin, 35, do Inmet, o calor estaÌ? sendo provocado por uma massa de ar tropical, aliada aÌ? baixa umidade do ar. Fase embrionaÌ?ria
+ Editora CieÌ?ncia Moderna
+Folha Les Arts Florissants acaba de assinar um contrato de exclusividade com a Erato/Warner Classics. Foi lucrativo?
+Nosso conhecimento acerca das diferenças entre homens e mulheres poderiam nos levar a defender cotas para mulheres, com base no argumento de que elas saÌ?o menos inclinadas do que os homens a sacrificar o bem-estar da organizaçaÌ?o em prol de seu avanço pessoal. A psicologia evolutiva parece pintar um quadro de modo geral sombrio da ordem «natural». Algumas das coisas mais repugnantes no mundo teÌ?m raiÌ?zes bioloÌ?gicas.
+ Da Equipe de Articulistas
+Vira e mexe, o padre JuÌ?lio Lancelotti, da Pastoral do Menor, volta aÌ? carga. E, como sempre, com acusaçoÌ?es geneÌ?ricas, inconsequentes e levianas, como as que levaram Gilberto Dimenstein, desta Folha, a escrever que policiais civis e militares, com a omissaÌ?o e ateÌ? coniveÌ?ncia de seus superiores, estariam explorando a prostituiçaÌ?o infantil, utilizando crianças no traÌ?fico de toÌ?xicos e ateÌ? as matando, como «queima de arquivo». NaÌ?o eÌ? de hoje que esse padre desenvolve uma campanha infamante, sempre ocupando grandes espaços na imprensa, acusando autoridades, ora como silentes, ora como cuÌ?mplices.
+DaÌ? 1,06% ao meÌ?s. Pequenos e meÌ?dios investidores devem dar prefereÌ?ncia aos fundos nesta transiçaÌ?o para o real. Folha -- O que voceÌ? acha da adaptaçaÌ?o que Altman fez dessas histoÌ?rias, transformando todas numa uÌ?nica narrativa?
+HaÌ? fortes evideÌ?ncias de que nem todos os tipos de estrutura e arranjo familiar garantem resultados positivos para os seus elos mais fracos crianças e idosos. Tudo quanto eÌ? hegemoÌ?nico no pensamento do seÌ?culo 17 veÌ?-se demolido pelo materialismo praÌ?tico (eÌ?tico, poliÌ?tico, ontoloÌ?gico) de Espinosa. A idolatria do mercado como organizaçaÌ?o soÌ?cio-poliÌ?tica das relaçoÌ?es de produçaÌ?o, Espinosa contrapoÌ?e a pluralidade infinita das forças produtivas singulares indominaÌ?veis porque saÌ?o forças de apropriaçaÌ?o ou desejo; aÌ? burguesia holandesa, submissa aÌ? crise e aÌ?s imagens da transcendeÌ?ncia e da hierarquia, Espinosa contrapoÌ?e a poteÌ?ncia infinita do ser que se irradia em expressoÌ?es singulares necessaÌ?rias e livres e cujo poder se realiza plenamente na democracia; aÌ? teoria hobbesiana do contrato e da autoridade poliÌ?tica formada pela passagem do fato ao direito como obrigaçaÌ?o, Espinosa contrapoÌ?e a constituiçaÌ?o do poli
Ì?tico pela multitudo cujo poder eÌ? direito e cujo direito eÌ? poder, ambos como desejo de liberdade (governar e naÌ?o ser governado); ao dualismo cartesiano do corpo e da alma, Espinosa contrapoÌ?e o movimento contiÌ?nuo de passagem da singularidade corporal aÌ? subjetividade psiÌ?quica, ambas aspectos da mesma realidade individual complexa; aÌ?s experimentaçoÌ?es cientiÌ?fico-tecnoÌ?logicas de domiÌ?nio da Natureza, Espinosa contrapoÌ?e o movimento eÌ?tico-poliÌ?tico de apropriaçaÌ?o da Natureza para realizaçaÌ?o da segurança, da paz e da liberdade.
+Uma mulher loira sorri com segurança de dar susto. Os alemaÌ?es se inclinavam ao retrato, sobretudo de seus liÌ?deres, e aos projetos de arquitetura faraoÌ?nica. Os retratos de Hitler e amigos saÌ?o hieraÌ?ticos e quase sem cor.
+De certo modo esnobada em seu paiÌ?s, a carioca de Volta Redonda se consola com o reconhecimento internacional. O destaque eÌ? LaÌ?zloÌ? Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946), que explorou o grafismo, realizou colagens e recriou a composiçaÌ?o. A visaÌ?o construtivista e a fotografia naÌ?o-realista da deÌ?cada de 40 estaÌ? presente na obra de Geraldo de Barros, no MIS, pioneiro dessa linguagem no paiÌ?s (veja criÌ?tica nesta paÌ?gina).
+«Os setores que continuam protegidos saÌ?o melhores que noÌ?s?», indagou. HaÌ? mais de dois anos o governo zerou o imposto do cimento para forçar a queda dos preços. Moreira Ferreira disse que o ministro da Fazenda prometeu se empenhar para aprovar na revisaÌ?o constitucional vaÌ?rias reformas estruturais, como um novo sistema tributaÌ?rio, privatizaçaÌ?o, entre outras.
+ Fracassa a maior fusaÌ?o nos EUA
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em MaceioÌ?
+ No comando do moderno caça
+ Dicas para quem estaÌ? sozinho
+ Liminar de empresas pode ser cassada
+A Branner estaÌ? trazendo para o mercado brasileiro produtos de limpeza da espanhola Plastiken. A Esfregona subistitui o pano de chaÌ?o e o rodo, e eÌ? ideal para prestadores de serviços de limpeza. Da equipe de articulistas
+ De Nova York
+ Estados Unidos
+Leigos e faÌ?s da FamiÌ?lia Addams passariam horas deliciosas conhecendo mais do trabalho do artista Charles Addams (1912-1988) na exposiçaÌ?o que a Biblioteca PuÌ?blica de Nova York estaÌ? apresentando ateÌ? o proÌ?ximo dia 7 de maio na cidade. «The Compleat Charles Addams» conteÌ?m cerca de 170 desenhos e aquarelas originais do artista, aleÌ?m de alguns objetos pessoais. EÌ? pura diversaÌ?o.
+De qualquer forma, a oferta atualmente eÌ? maior que a procura, o que empurra os preços para baixo. Segundo pesquisa do Datafolha, o valor meÌ?dio para locaçaÌ?o na Paulista caiu 30% em doÌ?lar no uÌ?ltimo ano. (TF)
+Surpresa mesmo foi o sucesso da nova formaçaÌ?o ofensiva da seleçaÌ?o. A operaçaÌ?o tambeÌ?m seria lesiva aos cofres puÌ?blicos. «O custo do transporte de lixo, que eÌ? coletado em centenas de pontos, eÌ? muito maior que o do transporte de terra, que eÌ? coletado em um uÌ?nico lugar», afirma Cardoso.
+Os «iluminados» olvidaram-se de que um verdadeiro CoÌ?digo de EÌ?tica deve conter direitos e deveres, numa correspondeÌ?ncia biuniÌ?voca, para o pleno exerciÌ?cio da democracia. Como poderaÌ? um profissional servidor puÌ?blico garantir o direito de terceiros se o seu eÌ? frequentemente violentado?
+HaÌ? muito tempo naÌ?o ocorria paÌ?nico e temor taÌ?o difundido. Meu telefone, na universidade, vem tocando a toda hora, com ligaçoÌ?es de jornalistas ansiosos por entrevistas ou alguma coisa que os ajude a entender melhor a situaçaÌ?o. EÌ? provaÌ?vel que tudo isso seja apenas o começo.
+O almirante Jeremy Boorda, chefe do Comando Sul da Otan, foi indicado pelo presidente dos EUA, Bill Clinton, para assumir o comando da Marinha do paiÌ?s em lugar de Frank Kelso, que renunciou por causa de escaÌ?ndalo «tailhook», envolvendo cerca de 1.500 pilotos da Marinha em uma festa com 80 mulheres. Lula quer resolver logo a questaÌ?o. Ele teme que os grupos de extrema esquerda aproveitem a ida de Weffort para o governo para combater o tom cordato de oposiçaÌ?o que pretende ver adotado pelo PT.
+ DENISE MADUENÌ?O
+Quanto aos salaÌ?rios, naÌ?o houve perdas nem ganhos com a estabilizaçaÌ?o. Ocorre que no periÌ?odo inflacionaÌ?rio de 1989 a 1991 o salaÌ?rio real meÌ?dio caiu quase 25%, de modo que parar de perder naÌ?o eÌ? o suficiente. Mas a recuperaçaÌ?o desejaÌ?vel ainda parece demorar.
+Quatro irmaÌ?os do Bexiga lutam pela sobreviveÌ?ncia na grande cidade. Teatro Bibi Ferreira (av. Brigadeiro LuiÌ?s AntoÌ?nio, 931, tel. 36-0572 e 34-0737, Bela Vista, regiaÌ?o central; 400 lugares).
+«Quando visito minha prima Telma Kury, no GuarujaÌ?, ela costuma me apresentar aos amigos dela ora como seu cozinheiro e babaÌ?, ora como seu cabeleireiro, ora como seu decorador. Sou professor de desenho e naÌ?o entendo o porqueÌ? da confusaÌ?o. O que fazer?»
+O 24º Congresso da FIVB aprovou ontem mudanças nas regras do voÌ?lei, as quais seraÌ?o implantadas a partir de janeiro de 1995. Entre as alteraçoÌ?es estaÌ?o a possibilidade do atleta tocar a bola com qualquer parte do corpo, a ampliaçaÌ?o da zona de saque a toda a linha de fundo e a permissaÌ?o para toques acidentais na rede. Ruben Acosta, presidente da FIVB, renunciou para poder disputar sua reeleiçaÌ?o amanhaÌ?.
+ Quando: de 27 de janeiro a 27 de fevereiro, das 9h aÌ? 0h
+AleÌ?m do doÌ?lar, muitos dos contratos de leasing saÌ?o indexados ao IGP-M. Pela lei 8.880, os reajustes devem se submeter ao artigo 38. Ou seja, os iÌ?ndices de correçaÌ?o monetaÌ?ria de julho e agosto tomaraÌ?o por base preços em real e preços em URV nos meses anteriores.
+O PLD foi um dos partidos mais votados nessa eleiçaÌ?o. Rio (I-SENN) -- +7,4%. HOJE
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+Procurada para falar sobre o assunto, a direçaÌ?o da PetrobraÌ?s naÌ?o foi localizada. Os avisos foram para petroleiros da Refinaria de Gabriel Passos (MG) e das unidades da Bahia e CearaÌ?. Os trabalhadores naÌ?o foram ouvidos para se defender, disse.
+Mas a grande preocupaçaÌ?o das equipes, no entanto, eÌ? como ficaraÌ? o regulamento do proÌ?ximo ano. Times como a Footwork (Arrows), de Christian Fittipaldi, naÌ?o investem um centavo em seus carros enquanto naÌ?o souberem quais seraÌ?o as regras do jogo. Investimento reclamado insistente pelo piloto brasileiro, no uÌ?ltimo fim-de-semana, em Magny-Cours.
+ *MARCOS MORCERFEspecial para a Folha
+JaÌ?nio Quadros, seu adversaÌ?rio, fez um desafio. «O Fernando naÌ?o sabe nem onde fica Sapopemba», disse. Depois do desafio janista, o candiato visitou entaÌ?o Sapopemba, na zona leste de SaÌ?o Paulo.
+ PREFEITURA AMEAÇA INTERDITAR JOELMA
+EÌ? preciso conscientizar o servidor puÌ?blico de sua missaÌ?o de servir adequadamente ao puÌ?blico, de prestar serviços de qualidade em especial aos mais necessaÌ?rios e demandados: sauÌ?de, educaçaÌ?o, prevideÌ?ncia, segurança puÌ?blica, assisteÌ?ncia social. TambeÌ?m naÌ?o haÌ? duÌ?vida de que Luxemburgo venceu o duelo taÌ?tico contra TeleÌ?, em uma das melhores exibiçoÌ?es do verdaÌ?o dos uÌ?ltimos tempos. Ponto.
+O major James Hewitt gabava-se com seus amigos de que havia proporcionado o primeiro orgasmo da princesa Diana, que seria infeliz sexualmente com o priÌ?ncipe Charles. A informaçaÌ?o foi divulgada ontem pelo jornal «Sunday Mirror», de linha sensacionalista. Segundo o texto, Hewitt queria que os detalhes de sua vida sexual com a princesa Diana estivessem no livro «Princess in Love», mas a autora, Anna Pasternak, naÌ?o concordou.
+ PAULO PEIXOTO
+O CD-ROM da Prodigy estaÌ? sendo desenvolvido em parceria com a IBM e a cadeia de magazines Sears. Ao consultar a rede da Prodigy, seraÌ? possiÌ?vel comprar pelo PC artigos da Sears. Quem consultar o CD-ROM para «Windows» da CompuServe vai poder passear pelos serviços oferecidos pela rede.
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Salvador
+A Resort Condominiums Internacional (RCI) promove no dia 22 deste meÌ?s o 3º SeminaÌ?rio Internacional de Tempo Compartilhado. O evento seraÌ? realizado no Sheraton Mofarrej e teraÌ? palestras sobre a importaÌ?ncia do tempo compartilhado para o turismo. InformaçoÌ?es: (011) 549-3807.
+Hugh Rodham, 43, irmaÌ?o da primeira-dama dos EUA, Hillary Rodham Clinton, anunciou ontem sua candidatura ao Senado pela FloÌ?rida (sudeste). Democrata, ele vai concorrer aÌ? vaga com a atual senadora Connie Mack, republicana. A eleiçaÌ?o acontece em novembro.
+Guilherme Zattar, 34, diretor de novos negoÌ?cios do cartaÌ?o Nacional, diz que a instituiçaÌ?o jaÌ? lançou dez grupos de afinidade, entre eles, os cartoÌ?es da TVA, locadora Unidas, FundaçaÌ?o Rubem Berta e AssociaçaÌ?o do Cavalo Arabe. PoteÌ?ncia
+AteÌ? os Procons lutam com dificuldades. Lula voltou a insinuar que existe um comploÌ? contra sua candidatura. Para ele, as supostas intençoÌ?es do ministro colocam o processo eleitoral e a democracia do paiÌ?s em risco.
+Deduzir que o que eÌ? «natural» eÌ? moralmente «bom» eÌ? um erro loÌ?gico. O darwinismo naÌ?o apenas naÌ?o nos diz que o padraÌ?o duplo eÌ? moralmente certo; ele nos diz que qualquer senso intuitivo que os homens possam sic de que eÌ? certo naÌ?o eÌ? digno de creÌ?dito. No meu entender, uma liçaÌ?o crucial da psicologia da evoluçaÌ?o eÌ? que devemos ver com cautela nossas intuiçoÌ?es morais.
+ A flora dando um toque de beleza
+ Do enviado especial a Cuba
+ fax (021) 551-4349
+Os atacantes titulares da seleçaÌ?o brasileira, Bebeto e RomaÌ?rio, mostraram ontem, na goleada de 4 a 0 sobre El Salvador, mais eficieÌ?ncia do que seus reservas, Muller e Viola, que entraram durante o jogo. A conclusaÌ?o eÌ? possiÌ?vel a partir da anaÌ?lise dos nuÌ?meros do Datafolha sobre a partida. Contra Lula, as principais acusaçoÌ?es saÌ?o de uso da maÌ?quina sindical.
+Os presos com curso superior viram chefes dos demais detentos nas prisoÌ?es. Depois de ter a sentença transitada em julgado (quando naÌ?o eÌ? mais possiÌ?vel recurso), eles perdem o direito a cela especial e se misturam com os demais. Os graduados conseguem os melhores empregos, em setores administrativos e cargos de chefia.
+A relaçaÌ?o empiÌ?rica hoje reconhecida eÌ? entre a taxa de juros nominal, a taxa de juro real e as expectativas da taxa de inflaçaÌ?o, descoberta por Irving Fischer. Quando haÌ? liberdade de movimento de capitais, o ativo domeÌ?stico (real) e o ativo estrangeiro (doÌ?lar) acabam sendo mais ou menos substitutos e o seu valor relativo (a taxa de caÌ?mbio nominal) eÌ? estabelecido pelas respectivas taxas de retorno prospectivas. Acima da cotaçaÌ?o de R$ 25,00, os grandes frigoriÌ?ficos conseguem trazer maior quantidade de carne da Argentina, onde o produto eÌ? cotado a US$ 23,00, informa Itacyl Gamelo, presidente do Sindicato da InduÌ?stria do Frio (Sindifrio).
+ SUBINDO O MORRO
+ Da Folha Sudeste
+Os telefones celulares estaÌ?o entre os equipamentos eletroÌ?nicos mais desejados pelo consumidor brasileiro neste momento. A queda meÌ?dia de preço de US$ 2.000 (em 1991) para US$ 700 (hoje) eÌ? o que mais atrai novos usuaÌ?rios, na anaÌ?lise dos revendedores. Enfim, um bar pra gente grande
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+O brasileiro Ayrton Senna da Silva, 34, piloto profissional de FoÌ?rmula 1, morreu ontem em Bolonha, ItaÌ?lia, em consequeÌ?ncia de um acidente sofrido na seÌ?tima volta do Grande PreÌ?mio de San Marino, terceira etapa do Campeonato Mundial. Senna bateu seu Williams a quase 300 km/h na curva Tamburello, a primeira do circuito de Imola, aÌ?s 14h13 locais (9h13 de BrasiÌ?lia). Foi levado ao hospital Maggiore, a 35 km do circuito, de helicoÌ?ptero.
+Qualquer outro criteÌ?rio pretensamente fundado em argumentos racionais independentes de praÌ?ticas culturais especiÌ?ficas pressupoÌ?e, sem tornar claro, o acordo em torno de crenças eÌ?ticas compartilhadas na linguagem ordinaÌ?ria. EÌ? o adeus prosaico, wittgensteiniano, dado por Rorty aÌ? metafiÌ?sica da falta, do desejo ou do verdadeiro sujeito, contida em tantas versoÌ?es da psicanaÌ?lise. Passagem para URV encarece
+«Nunca deixamos de mostrar o que estamos fazendo. NaÌ?o adianta ter uma visaÌ?o conspiratoÌ?ria do mundo». AS REGRAS DO JOGO ELEITORAL
+ de 15 a 20 (BA)
+E por alguns minutos tudo naÌ?o passou de uma caÌ?mera parada, ou tremendo, com o barulho seco dos tiros, os cachorros latindo, a rua deserta. Tudo lembrança de Sarajevo. Lamentavelmente, o noticiaÌ?rio que ocupou as paÌ?ginas recentes naÌ?o mais do caderno esportivo e sim jaÌ? resvalando nas paÌ?ginas de caraÌ?ter policial, nos trouxeram mais uma onda no vagalhaÌ?o de violeÌ?ncia que assola os estaÌ?dios.
+O presidente Wilson de Barros, que passou o final de semana na Praia Grande, deve ter outra reuniaÌ?o para definir a situaçaÌ?o do jogador. JaÌ? as negociaçoÌ?es com o atacante Dener podem ser concluiÌ?das amanhaÌ?. O Corinthians fez uma proposta pelo jogador US$ 1,5 milhaÌ?o, que seraÌ? analisada pelo Conselho de OrientaçaÌ?o e FiscalizaçaÌ?o (COF), da Portuguesa.
+ Problema regional
+A vida, trageÌ?dia e morte da top model Gia Carangi vai virar um filme, talvez dois. EÌ? que Jay McInerney e Eric Bogosian estaÌ?o terminando dois roteiros baseados na trajetoÌ?ria da top, que era viciada em heroiÌ?na e que morreu viÌ?tima de Aids em 1986. Saiba fazer a 'pipoca da Copa'.
+Para um governo que se julga perseguido pela imprensa, como o de Bill Clinton, o anuÌ?ncio ontem da nomeaçaÌ?o de William Perry como secretaÌ?rio da Defesa teve particular sabor de vitoÌ?ria: ele foi feito no mesmo dia em que o «The New York Times», o mais influente jornal dos EUA, publicou em submanchete que Perry havia recusado o cargo no saÌ?bado. A ediçaÌ?o de ontem do «Times» atribuiÌ?a a uma pessoa «que conversou com Perry no domingo» a informaçaÌ?o de que o atual subsecretaÌ?rio havia sido entrevistado por Clinton no saÌ?bado e lhe havia dito que naÌ?o estava interessado em se tornar secretaÌ?rio. Muçulmanos e croatas acertam acordo de paz
+ Free-lance para a Folha
+DoÌ?lar comercial (exportaçoÌ?es e importaçoÌ?es): R$ 0,844 (compra) e R$ 0,845 (venda). Segundo o Banco Central, o doÌ?lar comercial foi negociado na uÌ?ltima terça-feira a R$ 0,843 (compra) e por R$ 0,845 (venda). «Black»: R$ 0,840 (compra) e R$ 0,850 (venda).
+ ALEXANDRE SECCO
+A UniaÌ?o EuropeÌ?ia acha que os EUA nunca apoiaram realmente suas tentativas de negociar um acordo de paz. O mediador da UE, lorde David Owen, disse que a hostilidade dos EUA destruiu seu plano de dividir a BoÌ?snia em dez proviÌ?ncias autoÌ?nomas. O ato teve oÌ?nibus e carro de som alugados, aleÌ?m de distribuiçaÌ?o de planfletos.
+A maior dificuldade na saiÌ?da eÌ? ter o controle aerodinaÌ?mico e a estabilidade durante a aceleraçaÌ?o de 0 a 200 km/h, que naÌ?o leva mais de oito segundos. Uma prancha de snowboard com cerca de 1,5 m eÌ? utilizada para surfar no ceÌ?u. No proÌ?ximo pronunciamento em rede de raÌ?dio e TV, o ministro vai aconselhar a populaçaÌ?o a ficar atenta aos juros dos crediaÌ?rios.
+ Ronaldo CeÌ?zar Coelho (RJ)
+«EstaÌ? ocorrendo uma corrupçaÌ?o brutal laÌ? que naÌ?o estaÌ? sendo apurada e isso tem me incomodado muito». Colaborou AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Belo Horizonte
+Talvez. Mas jaÌ? haÌ? gente tentando esse caminho, o uÌ?nico possiÌ?vel para que, aos poucos, se vaÌ? melhorando a qualidade dos chamados representantes do povo. Na entrevista que segue, feita por fax depois de dois contatos telefoÌ?nicos e alguma relutaÌ?ncia, Mangabeira naÌ?o poupa os candidatos do PT e do PSDB e diz que Brizola eÌ? o presidenciaÌ?vel «menos suscetiÌ?vel de conformar-se ao Consenso de Washington», que ele veÌ? representado pela figura de Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
+ Do enviado especial
+OCR (sigla em ingleÌ?s para reconhecimento oÌ?ptico de caracteres) eÌ? um programa de computador que permite converter documentos impressos em texto, que voceÌ? pode editar no seu micro. Para chegar ao arquivo de texto, eÌ? preciso antes gerar um arquivo de imagem a paÌ?gina impressa digitalizada. Isso eÌ? feito por um aparelho chamado scanner.
+TambeÌ?m naÌ?o foi definido o custo e o tipo de equipamento que as emissoras que integraraÌ?o a rede precisaraÌ?o possuir. NaÌ?o precisa ficar plasticando ateÌ? ficar com cara de eÌ?gua de charrete. Em novela venezuelana!
+O Corinthians se comprometeu a ceder jogadores, material esportivo, assisteÌ?ncia meÌ?dica e dinheiro para as categorias inferiores do SaÌ?o Bento. Em troca, teraÌ? prioridade na contrataçaÌ?o de jogadores revelados no time de Sorocaba. Dorme aÌ?s 21h, acorda aÌ?s 2h, faz cem flexoÌ?es e toma uma ducha fria de 30 minutos.
+Jogadores dos clubes grandes de SaÌ?o Paulo elogiaram a publicaçaÌ?o da seÌ?rie de fasciÌ?culos da Folha com a histoÌ?ria das 14 Copas do Mundo, iniciada anteontem. «EÌ? um material que faz parte da histoÌ?ria. AteÌ? quem naÌ?o gosta de futebol deve ler», disse o jogador Casagrande, do Corinthians.
+O nuÌ?mero de pobres nos EUA chegou a 39,3 milhoÌ?es em 1993 15,1% da populaçaÌ?o, o maior desde 1961. SaÌ?o consideradas pobres famiÌ?lias de quatro pessoas que tiveram renda anual igual ou menor que US$ 14.763. O aumento da pobreza em um ano de crescimento econoÌ?mico indica que o desniÌ?vel social entre ricos e pobres nos EUA estaÌ? aumentando.
+Antes de se tornar escritor, trabalhou como correspondente da ageÌ?ncia de notiÌ?cias «Reuters» em Paris e Berlim Oriental. «No exiÌ?lio, ele andava sempre com um manifesto de JuÌ?lio de Castilhos no bolso», diz JoaÌ?o Carlos Guaragna, antigo colaborador. Em 1986, ao receber do economista Roberto Mangabeira Unger alguns livros sobre cieÌ?ncia poliÌ?tica, Brizola foi aÌ? estante e voltou com um volume que resumia o ideaÌ?rio de Castilhos.
+ Fornada
+O ala Dominique Wilkins, do L.A. Clippers, declarou que o Brasil tem jogadores «baixos e raÌ?pidos», mas espera que os EUA vençam por diferença de 60 pontos. O armador Joe Dumars, do Detroit, achou a previsaÌ?o do companheiro exagerada. «EÌ? difiÌ?cil ganhar de qualquer time por 60 pontos», falou.
+Reprise da entrevista da dona Denilma ao Jabaury Jr. Do tempo em que ela ainda era apaixonada pelo marido. Antes de ela vestir peruca de touro, chapeÌ?u de viking!
+Em nome de um protecionismo largo, gastavam-se rios de dinheiro num subsiÌ?dio aÌ? induÌ?stria, cuja uÌ?nica seletividade consistia em favorecer naÌ?o aquelas mais competitivas, mas as que pertenciam aos amigos do poder. TambeÌ?m conseguiu levantar as hipotecas que pesavam sobre as estradas de ferro, como garantia aos empreÌ?stimos externos e, depois, privatizou-as. Falta dinheiro e taxas de juros sobem
+«O MAC pediu que eu produzisse mil convites. Mandei 2.400, haÌ? duas semanas, dentro do prazo. Quando cheguei, fui comunicado pela assessora de imprensa, Etoile Shaw, que ela tinha recebido a ordem de naÌ?o remeter os meus convites.
+ candidato a vice-governador
+Um dos enfoques mais antigos sobre essa questaÌ?o foi desenvolvido pelo grande economista negro da Jamaica, professor Arthur Lewis, em confereÌ?ncia realizada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1963, sobre a inflaçaÌ?o na AmeÌ?rica Latina. Lewis ressaltava a diferença entre uma inflaçaÌ?o episoÌ?dica, de qualquer origem, de curta duraçaÌ?o, e a "espiral inflacionaÌ?ria'', ou seja o conjunto de forças que interagem para acelerar e perpetuar a inflaçaÌ?o. STF deve manter amanhaÌ? prazo de filiaçaÌ?o e dificultar sonho de Sarney
+ ALBERTO ALVES SOBRINHO
+Segundo escreve Paul M. Barret no «Wall Street», trabalhando como advogado indicado pelo tribunal, Cannon defendeu oito pessoas que agora estaÌ?o no corredor da morte no Texas. De outros dois condenados aÌ? morte, um foi executado com injeçaÌ?o letal e outro foi assassinado na prisaÌ?o, diz o «WSJ». O jogador deixou a Holanda aÌ?s veÌ?speras da Copa do Mundo e naÌ?o deu explicaçoÌ?es.
+Coordenadores de cursinhos de SaÌ?o Paulo teÌ?m opinioÌ?es divergentes sobre as provaÌ?veis mudanças no vestibular da Fuvest. «Logo que ouvi falar da exclusaÌ?o de disciplinas na segunda fase, fui contra», afirma Luiz Fernando Maluf, 38, diretor pedagoÌ?gico do CPV Vestibulares. «NaÌ?o acredito em especializaçaÌ?o no exame.
+As tropas da ONU enviadas a Ruanda naÌ?o vaÌ?o conseguir parar os massacres que jaÌ? mataram meio milhaÌ?o de pessoas (segundo caÌ?lculos de ageÌ?ncias humanitaÌ?rias). A opiniaÌ?o eÌ? do proÌ?prio comandante das tropas da ONU em Ruanda, o major-general canadense Romeo Dallaire. O pivoÌ? Pat Ewing ratificou sua condiçaÌ?o de maior estrela do New York.
+ Se concretizado, projeto criaraÌ? o mais poderoso bloco comercial do planeta
+Ao lado de Angarita, eÌ? apontado como o auxiliar de Covas que mais tem informaçoÌ?es sobre a maÌ?quina puÌ?blica de SaÌ?o Paulo. Nessa fase de transiçaÌ?o de governo, Angarita deveraÌ? ficar mais na retaguarda. CaberaÌ? a ele resolver problemas futuros da administraçaÌ?o.
+O complexo termal do Hotel Pirigallo atende hoÌ?spedes do proÌ?prio hotel e dos condomiÌ?nios. HaÌ? hidromassagem (US$ 10), massagem relaxante (US$ 20), banho de lama medicinal e sauna. EÌ? preciso marcar hora.
+Segundo ela, o SaÌ?o Conrado tem 2.170 terrenos com tamanhos que variam de 400 metros quadrados a 800 metros quadrados. Alexis, 46, nasceu na França e jamais visitou o paiÌ?s sobre o qual pretende reinar. Mora em Madri (Espanha) e trabalha com entidades de caridade, diz o «WSJ».
+A maior epidemia do paiÌ?s no seÌ?culo 19 foi a de coÌ?lera. Iniciada em BeleÌ?m (PA), alastrou-se por vaÌ?rias proviÌ?ncias do ImpeÌ?rio. Na Bahia, a doença matou cerca de 6.000 pessoas nesse ano.
+Folha -- Senador, jaÌ? que a gente falou da Folha, como eÌ? que o sr. veÌ? aqueles episoÌ?dios controvertidos em que houve declaraçoÌ?es suas, que o sr. contestou e... FHC -- Sabe qual eÌ? o problema principal?
+Estes cuidados, acrescidos de provideÌ?ncias operacionais que, sabemos, estaÌ?o em andamento, como se trata do caso de se disponibilizar o sistema de transmissaÌ?o das concessionaÌ?rias a quaisquer geradores, possibilitaraÌ? o acesso do setor privado aÌ? geraçaÌ?o de energia eleÌ?trica, seja na construçaÌ?o de usinas e no aproveitamento de quedas d'aÌ?gua para uso proÌ?prio, seja na autoproduçaÌ?o, liberando o poder puÌ?blico desses investimentos. Apesar de ter tido seus direitos poliÌ?ticos cassados por oito anos, nada impede, segundo afirma o PRN, que Collor suba em palanques e peça votos. Collor tem dito aos correligionaÌ?rios alagoanos que sua estrateÌ?gia na campanha seraÌ? a de fazer um discurso para mostrar que o Congresso que o cassou, em setembro de 92, naÌ?o tinha condiçoÌ?es eÌ?ticas para fazeÌ?-lo.
+O novo programa vai ao ar todos os saÌ?bados das 8h aÌ?s 12h10. EÌ? uma superproduçaÌ?o. SoÌ? os cenaÌ?rios custaram US$ 300 mil o suficiente para o SBT gravar dez capiÌ?tulos da novela «EÌ?ramos Seis».
+ ContrataçaÌ?o na induÌ?stria eÌ? a maior desde julho de 91
+ ExtorsaÌ?o
+ 'BiÌ?blia naÌ?o daÌ? soluçoÌ?es', diz vice
+As equipes começam, hoje, uma jornada em busca do lugar mais alto do poÌ?dio. A seleçaÌ?o brasileira tem aÌ? frente um aÌ?rduo trabalho. A equipe, sob o comando do teÌ?cnico JoseÌ? Roberto GuimaraÌ?es, campeaÌ? da Liga em 1993, vai tentar o bi.
+A ordem do governo era que ocupassem tambeÌ?m a favela da Varginha, que fica em frente de Manguinhos, do outro lado da rua Leopoldo BulhoÌ?es. Essa ocupaçaÌ?o começou aÌ?s 16h10. CaminhaÌ?o bate em 2 oÌ?nibus e 3 ficam feridos
+ Local Ilha do Retiro (Recife)
+ Da Reportagem Local
+A poliÌ?cia do Rio investiga a possibilidade de o segundo-tenente Marcos Paulo Lisboa Marinho, assassinado na uÌ?ltima quinta, ter ligaçoÌ?es com um grupo que desviava armas e muniçoÌ?es do ExeÌ?rcito. Marinho era responsaÌ?vel pela guarda das armas do 57º BatalhaÌ?o de Infantaria, na Vila Militar (conjunto de instalaçoÌ?es militares nas zonas norte e oeste). O Parlamento franceÌ?s proibiu o uso de 3.500 palavras estrangeiras, incluindo «cheeseburger», «chewing gum»'e «bulldozer», por escolas, governos, corporaçoÌ?es e anunciantes.
+Tira meu nome da tua lista de mala direta, tira?
+ O Brasil precisa muito da força da gente
+ «Mais ou Menos Letras» reuÌ?ne 15 trabalhos da artista, que teraÌ? sala especial na 22ª Bienal de SaÌ?o Paulo
+ Salmoura
+Itamar estaÌ? prestes a fazer a primeira concessaÌ?o aos poliÌ?ticos empenhados na sobreviveÌ?ncia do MinisteÌ?rio da IntegraçaÌ?o Regional. JaÌ? admite nomear um ministro titular para a pasta. Tudo indica que vai desistir de extinguir o ministeÌ?rio.Buscando reforço
+QueÌ?rcia prometeu construir casas a preços reduzidos para a populaçaÌ?o. Disse tambeÌ?m que levaraÌ? o desenvolvimento a Paracambi. Folha -- Como voceÌ? veÌ? o plano econoÌ?mico de FHC e o governo?
+Recebo da apresentadora KaÌ?tia MaranhaÌ?o convite para seu casamento com François Legleye. Detalhe: a festança seraÌ? realizada no proÌ?ximo dia 10 de setembro, em Villenes-sur-Seine, no coraçaÌ?o «de la belle France». Entre estes temas, destaque especial para a iniciaçaÌ?o esportiva, detecçaÌ?o de talentos, nutriçaÌ?o do atleta, exerciÌ?cios para a terceira idade e para a mulher.
+Bastou o governo aumentar, a partir de setembro, o salaÌ?rio miÌ?nimo de R$ 65 para R$ 70 para que quase todos os candidatos prometessem dar, se eleitos, aumentos maiores. Brizola, por exemplo, falou em dobraÌ?-lo. CleÌ?ber, logo aos 4min do treino, sentiu dores no joelho direito e saiu.
+Para Bergengren, o jogo de ontem «foi apenas uma festa». «Vamos nos encontrar mais uma vez neste Copa e iremos desclassificar o Brasil», disse. Prefiro naÌ?o falar muito sobre o Brasil, apenas constato que seleçoÌ?es passadas apresentaram um melhor futebol.
+A empresa holandesa Baan International, fabricante de sistemas de informaÌ?tica para gestaÌ?o empresarial, acaba de instalar uma central de suporte ao atendimento dos clientes. Ela permite o controle das chamadas e levantamentos estatiÌ?sticos, por exemplo, do tempo de resposta e dos problemas mais frequentes de seus produtos. Os EUA tambeÌ?m saÌ?o apontados como reino da «besta» porque o ex-presidente Ronald Wilson Reagan tem seis letras em cada um de seus nomes.
+De acordo com o resultado, a proÌ?pria Previ ou outras empresas privadas poderaÌ?o propor uma parceria com os mantenedores. A Secretaria Estadual da SauÌ?de, atraveÌ?s de sua assessoria de imprensa, declarou que naÌ?o pretende investir mais verbas no Humberto Primo. Segundo a Secretaria, foram investidos no hospital em 6 anos de co-gestaÌ?o cerca de US$ 25 de milhoÌ?es.
+A universidade oferece 4.408 vagas. Sergipe
+', o trabalho dele parece que ficou menos tenso e mais engraçado.»
+ AssociaçaÌ?o preveÌ? inauguraçaÌ?o de 7.700 novas unidades em todo o paiÌ?s ainda este ano, recorde para o setor
+O Banco do Brasil lança o boletim semestral «Perfil». A publicaçaÌ?o traz um balanço das subsidiaÌ?rias, que tiveram rentabilidade superior aÌ? do banco em 93. EÌ? o caso da BB Leasing (28%), BB Financeira (43%) e BB Distribuidora (25%).
+Onde: Teatro Municipal de SaÌ?o Paulo (pça. Ramos de Azevedo, s/nº, tel. 011/222-8698, regiaÌ?o central)
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+ MoÌ?naco viu o futuro
+«Este ano as importaçoÌ?es deveraÌ?o atingir 120 mil veiÌ?culos e as montadoras vaÌ?o aumentar expressivamente sua participaçaÌ?o». HaÌ? carros com discos nas quatro rodas, mas a maioria os traz apenas na dianteira. Na traseira geralmente haÌ? sapatas revestidas de material fibroso, que funcionam por expansaÌ?o dentro de um cilindro chamado tambor, onde eÌ? fixada a roda.
+Mas ele vem perdendo a disputa com o mulaÌ?s liÌ?deres religiosos, que sempre flertaram com uma agenda poliÌ?tica e econoÌ?mica mais moderada e agora reverteram para uma doutrina de linha dura, diz o «WSJ». O resultado, segundo o jornal, eÌ? que o programa econoÌ?mico do presidente, idealizado para substituir a forte centralizaçaÌ?o pela iniciativa privada, estaÌ? ruindo. (Vital Signs).
+ De Nova York
+Os ministeÌ?rios da SauÌ?de, Planejamento e Fazenda naÌ?o conseguiram chegar ontem a acordo sobre o repasse de verbas para a sauÌ?de. Em outros termos, ou o leitor revive o seu quotidiano, atraveÌ?s dos personagens ou se abandona aÌ? insegurança da fantasia ilimitada, aÌ? insegurança do... deliÌ?rio. Ora, o pensamento delirante fascina porque eÌ? fuga de uma realidade tediosa ou sofrida, ou porque eÌ? aventura.
+Outros daÌ?o razoÌ?es de vingança. Os Stones teriam sentido necessidade de responder aÌ? maÌ? fama granjeada durante o Festival de Altamont, em 1969, que redundou num assassinato diante do palco, supostamente por incitaçaÌ?o «demoniÌ?aca» de Mick Jagger. Vasco eÌ? tricampeaÌ?o pela 1ª vez
+Por que caiÌ?mos e estamos caindo cada dia mais?
+«Em agosto, o governo jaÌ? tem de enviar ao Congresso o Orçamento de 96», diz. Cumprido este cronograma com eÌ?xito, chega a segunda onda: a do investimento externo direto. Dinheiro que seraÌ? usado na construçaÌ?o de faÌ?bricas, na ampliaçaÌ?o da capacidade de produçaÌ?o em determinados setores, em investimento em tecnologia.
+Os deficientes fiÌ?sicos teÌ?m uma nova maneira de se locomover no Shopping Paulista, em SaÌ?o Paulo. Dois triciclos motorizados podem ser usados, gratuitamente, durante duas horas. O deficiente vai encontrar os triciclos na garagem do shopping, ao lado das vagas especiais do estacionamento.
+ Cai investimento externo na China
+A venda de produtos com o logotipo oficial eÌ? acima do esperado e jaÌ? representa o dobro em relaçaÌ?o aÌ? Copa da ItaÌ?lia. O presidente Itamar Franco enviou o ministro da Justiça, Alexandre Dupeyrat. Segundo o coronel Mello Araujo, o ato contou com a presença de 652 policiais um para cada 2,5 participantes.
+Para o presidente do PT, deputado estadual Rui FalcaÌ?o, coordenador da campanha de Lula, Erundina vai poder colocar as suas posiçoÌ?es nas reunioÌ?es do partido. SodreÌ? tambeÌ?m responde a acusaçaÌ?o de Mindlin de que tem vinculaçaÌ?o partidaÌ?ria. Nega ter.
+Deveria ter ajudado, mas naÌ?o contribuiu muito pois eu levantei o dinheiro na Europa, e como eÌ? um filme de arte, o pessoal que trabalha neste ciÌ?rculo tem uma opiniaÌ?o bem negativa sobre a MTV. Folha -- O filme possui uma narrativa bem amarrada. VoceÌ? teve que alteraÌ?-la em funçaÌ?o das condiçoÌ?es de produçaÌ?o?
+Ricardo Rocha. Quando aperta, afrouxa!
+Mas nada ainda estaÌ? definido, disse Panzarini. A Secretaria da Fazenda estuda a possibilidade, segundo o assessor, de acabar com a apuraçaÌ?o decendial (a cada dez dias) do ICMS (Imposto sobre CirculaçaÌ?o de Mercadorias e Serviços), estabelecida a partir de fevereiro deste ano. US$ 72
+devem ser recrutados (veja requisitos e endereço para envio de curriÌ?culo no quadro abaixo, aÌ? direita). A Artbox tem oito lojas no Brasil. Natal, Aracaju, Recife, Fortaleza e FlorianoÌ?polis contam com uma loja cada.
+ Da Reportagem Local
+Apesar de fenoÌ?meno essencial nas ceÌ?lulas animais, ainda naÌ?o sabemos como ocorre a morte das ceÌ?lulas. Ele afirma que haÌ? 15 dias LuiÌ?s Eduardo disse a FHC que sabia das resisteÌ?ncias contra seu nome dentro do PSDB e que ele mesmo naÌ?o pretendia ser vice. Ferreira Lima relata:
+Se vige o projeto «Escolas-PadraÌ?o» e se a manifestaçaÌ?o do secretaÌ?rio Martins eÌ? individual, eÌ? liÌ?cito questionar: como administrar uma poliÌ?tica com a qual naÌ?o se tem identidade?
+ 1994)
+CaracteriÌ?sticas -- Vencimento miÌ?nimo de 90 dias, a partir de amanhaÌ?. Tributado em 30% sobre o ganho real. Ela vai englobar aquilo que voceÌ? devia ter decidido em um dos «blocos» de cinco minutos mas naÌ?o conseguiu
+Peer Raben, autor da maioria das trilhas musicais dos filmes de Fassbinder, contou-me que, junto com o diretor, assistiu entusiasmado a inuÌ?meros filmes do Cinema Novo, no iniÌ?cio dos anos 60. Conheceu Villa-Lobos e Guerra Peixe atraveÌ?s das obras de Glauber, que lhe teriam fornecido farto material para suas proÌ?prias composiçoÌ?es. Embora um terço dos senadores tenha mais quatro anos de mandato e naÌ?o disputem as proÌ?ximas eleiçoÌ?es, o quoÌ?rum nas sessoÌ?es no Senado tambeÌ?m naÌ?o tem sido suficiente para votaçoÌ?es.
+Ele tambeÌ?m apresentou seu plano «Parceria para a Paz», que preveÌ? cooperaçaÌ?o limitada entre a Otan, a aliança militar liderada pelos EUA, e paiÌ?ses da Europa Oriental. O balanço de pagamentos eÌ? a mais ampla medida do comeÌ?rcio exterior. Inclui a balança comercial, as transaçoÌ?es de serviços (como bancos e turismo) e o fluxo de capitais entre paiÌ?ses.
+Participam da mesa o senador Marco Maciel (PFL-PE), Junia Nogueira de SaÌ? (ombudsman da Folha), Carlos Valmer P. T. da Silva (ombudsman do Banco Nacional) e o autor do livro. Se o candidato do PDT estiver certo, um homem do Himalaia sentiria, sem perceber, que tem algo em comum com Rossi. O que naÌ?o dizer do eleitor de Osasco ou da Grande SaÌ?o Paulo, onde ele teve sua votaçaÌ?o mais expressiva?
+A queda da inflaçaÌ?o seraÌ? utilizada na campanha eleitoral pelo candidato tucano. Colaborou Sucursal do Rio
+Ao contraÌ?rio de Benevides, o julgamento de Nader naÌ?o atraiu a atençaÌ?o dos deputados. Nenhum deputado defendeu Nader e nem o proÌ?prio acusado aguardou o resultado final da votaçaÌ?o. «Me poupem de uma crucificaçaÌ?o injusta.
+Pior: tratou a sobrevalorizaçaÌ?o como uma espeÌ?cie de afirmaçaÌ?o nacionalista, tal como muita gente faz no Brasil, vertendo o ufanismo de que o real eÌ? mais forte do que o doÌ?lar. A partir do meÌ?s passado, veio o pavoroso reencontro com a realidade. O rublo desvalorizou-se mais de 20% em relaçaÌ?o ao doÌ?lar.
+O ITA oferece este ano 120 vagas para os cursos de engenharia aeronaÌ?utica (35), eletroÌ?nica (30), mecaÌ?nica aeronaÌ?utica (25), infra-estrutura aeronaÌ?utica (15) e de computaçaÌ?o (15). «A lembrança no dia seguinte eÌ? muito rara»
+"Art. Pereira diz que a prefeitura usou um laudo de janeiro de 94 para colocar seu produto na lista de contaminados. Neste laudo teria sido constatado um caruncho vivo em um saco de cinco quilos de arroz.
+ (FS)
+ SONIA ROMEÌ?RIO
+ Regra cria condiçoÌ?es desiguais entre os que passaram preÌ?-datados; BC recomenda a troca antes da nova moeda
+Os recursos para a manutençaÌ?o da fundaçaÌ?o veÌ?m de receitas proÌ?prias do banco e de verbas destinadas pelo Seguro Top Club Bradesco, um «clube de seguros» com 340 mil associados. No 2º grau, os alunos podem optar por cursos profissionalizantes em diversas aÌ?reas. Entre elas, administraçaÌ?o de empresas, processamento de dados, eletroÌ?nica, contabilidade, magisteÌ?rio e teÌ?cnico agropecuaÌ?rio.
+Segundo seu advogado, Marcelo Pertence, a transfereÌ?ncia naÌ?o aconteceu e Silva foi demitido da empresa. Ele impetrou uma açaÌ?o pedindo sua reintegraçaÌ?o. O Brasil visto de longe
+EÌ? oÌ?bvio que todas as bases de caÌ?lculo para preços saem bastante distorcidas. A quem e a que serve esta inconsisteÌ?ncia, os auditores nem sequer se perguntam sequer. Apenas registram o seu espanto.
+A cultura puÌ?blica no Brasil sofre de uma espeÌ?cie de esquizofrenia museoloÌ?gica. Enquanto investe em obras novas e injeta recursos em instituiçoÌ?es privadas, perde contato com a proÌ?pria realidade: deixa seus museus em estado precaÌ?rio e estaÌ?tico. Essa esquizofrenia perpetua contradiçoÌ?es.
+(ANDREÌ? LAHOZ MENDONÇA DE BARROS, 24, eÌ? economista da MB Associados.)
+SaÌ?o Paulo: baixa de 3,0%, fechando com 79.835 pontos e volume financeiro de CR$ 156,75 bilhoÌ?es, contra CR$ 155,63 bilhoÌ?es do dia anterior. Rio: baixa de 3,7% (I-Senn), fechando com 30.383 pontos e volume financeiro de CR$ 17,27 bilhoÌ?es, contra CR$ 43,48 bilhoÌ?es do dia anterior. Em janeiro de 1992, dois menores que picharam o Teatro Municipal de SaÌ?o Paulo foram condenados a ajudar na limpeza do teatro durante treÌ?s meses.
+Jazz rap?
+A exposiçaÌ?o fica aberta das 10h aÌ?s 22h. Os que visitarem a exposiçaÌ?o iraÌ?o concorrer a dez orquiÌ?deas e poderaÌ?o tirar suas duÌ?vidas com o orquidoÌ?filo e presidente do OrquidaÌ?rio, Peter Meyer Pflug. PM eÌ? acusado de abuso sexual de menino de 11
+ Estado pagou tambeÌ?m o transporte
+Diz que o Fernando Henrique fez uma cesariana. Pra tirar o rei da barriga. RararaÌ?!
+A perda da identidade do indiviÌ?duo substituiÌ?do pela multidaÌ?o, o medo, a exclusaÌ?o de classes, a doença. A desumanidade, enfim. Resposta poliÌ?tica
+As pessoas tem uma fixaçaÌ?o por Nova York que eu nunca tive. Acho o trabalho interessante, soÌ? isso. NaÌ?o vou a clubes, naÌ?o fico badalando pela cidade.
+ MOACYR SCLIAR
+ De John Badham
+ De Londres
+Depois do Natal no apartamento novo em SaÌ?o Paulo, Boni coloca o peÌ? na estrada. Caso a inflaçaÌ?o de julho seja «aceitaÌ?vel», o plano ganha credibilidade, a candidatura FHC provavelmente se fortalece e as perspectivas quanto aÌ? continuidade da poliÌ?tica econoÌ?mica melhoram. Se, ao contraÌ?rio, a subida dos preços der a impressaÌ?o de que mais uma vez a estabilidade fracassou, entaÌ?o pioram as chances de Fernando Henrique e torna-se mais difiÌ?cil conter a inflaçaÌ?o nos meses seguintes.
+AteÌ? hoje dona AntoÌ?nia se refere ao famoso patraÌ?o no presente. Coalhada
+ Gols -- Giuliano, aos 11min, JuÌ?nior Baiano (peÌ?nalti), aos 14min do 1º tempo
+ EDMILSON ZANETTI
+Estrela concedeu esta entrevista no gabinete da CaÌ?mara de Sintra. Ela avisa que iraÌ? ao Brasil defender pessoalmente seu ponto de vista favoraÌ?vel ao Acordo numa visita oficial prevista para maio. Que os gajos do congresso estejam preparados porque Estrela eÌ? desembaraçada e dura na queda.
+O seu efeito final eÌ? gigantesco fortemente alavancado, de saiÌ?da, pelos altos juros. GP Brasil acontece hoje no Rio de Janeiro
+O sustento do hospital eÌ? garantido mesmo pelo atendimento a particulares, que rende R$ 330 mil por meÌ?s, segundo o administrador Carlos Daniel Leister, 47. «Perdemos quase treÌ?s meses para acertar os preços. Agora eles naÌ?o podem ser mexidos.»
+ Bala perdida mata mulher
+ LEIA
+O presidente do PTB, JoseÌ? Eduardo Andrade Vieira, tambeÌ?m estaÌ? participando dessas conversas. A primeira provideÌ?ncia do grupo foi afastar qualquer hipoÌ?tese de novo adiamento das datas de suas convençoÌ?es. Anteontem Andrade Vieira tratou logo de oficializar o convite aos convencionais do PTB para a reuniaÌ?o dia 21, data inicialmente marcada pela Executiva do partido.
+ FILOMENA SAYAÌ?O
+Porta-moedas modelo BoiÌ?te. Louis Vuitton, 155 URVs
+Perguntados para qual piloto estariam torcendo na FoÌ?rmula 1, 33% dos 3.704 entrevistados responderam, espontaneamente, Rubens Barrichello. O outro brasileiro da F-1, Christian Fittipaldi, ficou com 5% das prefereÌ?ncias. O piloto Nelson Piquet, que naÌ?o corre mais na categoria, foi lembrado por 1% dos pesquisados.
+Sem espaço poliÌ?tico para negociar a liberaçaÌ?o dos recursos, Santillo ameaça cortar programas como distribuiçaÌ?o do leite e contrataçaÌ?o de agentes comunitaÌ?rios. «O ministro naÌ?o pede demissaÌ?o, em hipoÌ?tese nenhuma», informou seu assessor, AntoÌ?nio Gomes. A permaneÌ?ncia de Santillo eÌ? difiÌ?cil, principalmente porque ele naÌ?o apoÌ?ia a candidatura de Fernando Henrique Cardoso ao Planalto.
+Um tonel de leite com um pingo de cafeÌ? jaÌ? eÌ? cafeÌ?-com-leite!
+Quantas horas dorme?
+O grupo quercista lembrou ao DN que naÌ?o haÌ? um cadastro atualizado dos eleitores aptos a participar da preÌ?via. EneÌ?as afirmou anteriormente que naÌ?o disputa outro posto que naÌ?o a PresideÌ?ncia da RepuÌ?blica. A avaliaçaÌ?o do dirigente eÌ? de que o Prona «saiu consolidado nacionalmente» dessas eleiçoÌ?es, apesar «da falta de espaço do doutor EneÌ?as na miÌ?dia».
+A Vontade de Poder em forma Humana de Atriz. Ah!
+ RECEPÇAÌ?O A FHC
+EÌ? provaÌ?vel que voceÌ? ainda naÌ?o tivesse nascido quando a cantina Roperto começou a servir seu fusilli ao sugo no Bexiga afinal, isso foi haÌ? 50 anos. Durante todo esse tempo, a cantina continuou nas maÌ?os da mesma famiÌ?lia, que lhe daÌ? nome (coisa rara num tempo em que as pessoas trocam de famiÌ?lia vaÌ?rias vezes, em prazo bem menor). Com tanta tradiçaÌ?o, naÌ?o se pode ignorar a Roperto.
+Era o dia 20 de julho de 1969. Uma das principais mudanças eÌ? a construçaÌ?o de rampas de acesso da avenida Washington Luiz (que passa em frente ao aeroporto) direto para os novos estacionamentos. Congonhas, inaugurado em 1936, eÌ? o quarto aeroporto mais movimentado do Brasil (perde para o internacional de Guarulhos-SP, GaleaÌ?o-RJ e BrasiÌ?lia).
+ Mais 3 cidades baixam tarifa de oÌ?nibus
+Luiz Carlos Santos -- Minha preocupaçaÌ?o eÌ? continuar meu trabalho como liÌ?der do governo na CaÌ?mara, que foi, fundamentalmente, viabilizar as diversas etapas do plano de estabilizaçaÌ?o econoÌ?mica. Mas o processo precisa ser consolidado e melhorado. Alesi cumpre promessa e conquista pole provisoÌ?ria
+O teÌ?cnico da seleçaÌ?o de futebol da RuÌ?ssia, Pavel Sadyrin, 51, criticou o seu centroavante Segei Yuran e apontou o goleiro russo, Dmitri Kharin, como o melhor jogador em campo ontem. Logo apoÌ?s conceder entrevista coletiva, Sadyrin foi procurado por jornalistas russos que pediam uma explicaçaÌ?o para a derrota. «Nada aconteceu de errado.
+ Especial para a Folha
+ 60,9 57,7
+A esse «apequenamento» das coisas, somam-se outras estrateÌ?gias de reduçaÌ?o. Em primeiro lugar, claro, a dimensaÌ?o do proÌ?prio conto: a histoÌ?ria se resume a poucas linhas. HaÌ?, tambeÌ?m, a economia da sintaxe.
+Nos paiÌ?ses desenvolvidos, estes depoÌ?sitos somam de 12% a 20% do PIB (Produto Interno Bruto, uma medida da riqueza nacional). No «esperto, carnavalhesco e cheio de jeitinhos» Brasil soma hoje menos de 1% do PIB. Faz anos que naÌ?o sabemos o que eÌ? conviver com uma inflaçaÌ?o menos «esperta» e mais civilizada fora alguns breves periÌ?odos poÌ?s-choques.
+Arnaldo Madeira ficou na primeira supleÌ?ncia de deputado federal por SaÌ?o Paulo e poderaÌ? ser secretaÌ?rio. Outro suplente federal do PSDB, LuiÌ?s MaÌ?ximo, tambeÌ?m deveraÌ? integrar a equipe. Na loja eletroÌ?nica do Mappin, inaugurada no dia 30 de novembro passado, no bairro Gonzaga (shopping Parque BalneaÌ?rio), em Santos, os clientes fazem suas compras com toques na tela, em um processo semelhante aos bancos eletroÌ?nicos, escolhendo os produtos atraveÌ?s de imagens e «historinhas».
+No segundo mandato do governador (91 a 94), Iris continuou promovendo festas populares na praça CiÌ?vica, em frente ao PalaÌ?cio das Esmeraldas, sede do governo. No melhor estilo quermesse, Iris montava barracas durante uma semana, no meÌ?s de junho, para comemorar SaÌ?o JoaÌ?o. No Natal, a festa se repetia com um imenso papai Noel na praça.
+Acho que muÌ?sica eÌ? uma coisa viva, por isso naÌ?o queria mostrar soÌ? cançoÌ?es antigas. HaÌ? outras pessoas me ouvindo agora. Folha -- A ideÌ?ia de colocar drag queens no videoclipe de «Girls Just Wanna...» saiu de sua apresentaçaÌ?o nos Gay Games?
+A principal preocupaçaÌ?o do presidente do Guarani, Luiz Roberto Zini, ao teÌ?rmino do Campeonato Brasileiro, eÌ? acertar a situaçaÌ?o do zagueiro ClaÌ?udio, do meia Sandoval, do volante Fernando e do lateral-esquerdo Guilherme. Eles estaÌ?o emprestados ao clube e devem ter seus passes comprados ateÌ? o final do meÌ?s, num processo de preparaçaÌ?o para o Campeonato Paulista de 95. EÌ? verdade que os metaluÌ?rgicos jaÌ? teÌ?m obtido aumentos reais.
+ Globosat e Cultura vaÌ?o exibir seriados e desenhos da rede americana especializada em produçoÌ?es infanto-juvenis
+AleÌ?m de um zagueiro, a diretoria saÌ?o-paulina agora quer contratar um volante e um centroavante para a proÌ?xima temporada. As fachadas seraÌ?o avaliadas por um juÌ?ri composto por seis arquitetos, um artista plaÌ?stico e um publicitaÌ?rio. Os arquitetos foram indicados pela Asbea, AssociaçaÌ?o Brasileira dos EscritoÌ?rios de Arquitetura, e os outros dois membros foram escolhidos pelo Clube de CriaçaÌ?o.
+ Emirados AÌ?rabes Unidos
+Mas vamos aÌ? piada dos iÌ?ndios, uma das primeiras registradas na nossa piadiÌ?stica histoÌ?ria. Estava Hans, antes da dor de dentes, entre os iÌ?ndios, na «happy hour» em que tomavam seu cauim. Hans tinha as pernas atadas de tal maneira que soÌ? podia se movimentar saltitando entre aqueles que o olhavam como a um bezerro de feira.
+A Litoral ComeÌ?rcio de Biscoito (biscoito Praiano), a Indosucos InduÌ?stria e ComeÌ?rcio (suco SabiaÌ?) e a Harald InduÌ?stria e ComeÌ?rcio (chocolate Harald) vaÌ?o aguardar os laudos do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. JaÌ? o diretor das InduÌ?strias AlimentiÌ?cias Beira Alta (marmelada Beira Alta), ligada ao grupo Arisco, Manuel Tato, disse ter total desconhecimento do assunto. A meteorologia preveÌ? mais dificuldades no final desta semana.
+Recebeu o segundo cartaÌ?o amarelo na derrota para a RomeÌ?nia (1 a 0) e estaÌ? suspenso. Em automoÌ?veis com caÌ?mbio automaÌ?tico, o cuidado com vazamento e com a troca de oÌ?leo deve ser redobrado. Sidnei Roberto Guilherme, proprietaÌ?rio da Hot CaÌ?mbio, afirma que grande parte dos proprietaÌ?rios de carros de caÌ?mbio automaÌ?tico naÌ?o tem o haÌ?bito de trocar completamente o oÌ?leo a cada 40 mil km.
+ Estudante, 24, ela quer ser deputada
+Do papa!
+ Europa e Mercosul querem uniaÌ?o ateÌ? 2020
+De tudo o que ouviu sobre as condiçoÌ?es teÌ?cnicas do meia RaiÌ?, o treinador da seleçaÌ?o brasileira, Carlos Alberto Parreira, naÌ?o gostou nada. NaÌ?o acreditou na sua possiÌ?vel volta ao SaÌ?o Paulo. Tampouco condenou sua atuaçaÌ?o no futebol franceÌ?s.
+O resto do tempo a ItaÌ?lia consumiu, experientemente, na mera troca de passes. Para a Aprovesp, o aumento real meÌ?dio eÌ? de 105%. Em alguns casos chega a 540% (em doÌ?lar) e 451% (em URV).
+Repare bem: SeÌ?rgio Motta, o soÌ?cio de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, eÌ? PC Farias de cabelo branco e com uns anos a mais o que tambeÌ?m quer dizer com mais experieÌ?ncia. Vicentinho -- Ou o movimento sindical se prepara para este tipo de debate ou vai ficar derrapando. Porque se voceÌ? brigar por um emprego hoje, mas amanhaÌ? a faÌ?brica fechar, naÌ?o adiantou brigar pelo emprego.
+Conseguiu 17 (676 mil domiciÌ?lios). Minifranquia eÌ? opçaÌ?o barata de negoÌ?cio
+ Palanque adversaÌ?rio
+ Documento em que QueÌ?rcia autoriza importaçaÌ?o alemaÌ?
+Pelo menos nosso teÌ?cnico finalmente provou como naÌ?o se deve jogar futebol. NaÌ?o aceito suas ideÌ?ias. Acho que ele deveria trabalhar em alguma induÌ?stria, nunca com gente e esportes, em que a criatividade eÌ? a melhor arma e oferece a maior beleza.
+Ao mesmo tempo, no Aterro do Flamengo, perto do monumento dos Pracinhas, estourou de repente em flores, cremes e castanhas uma certa palmeira, de nome «corypha umbraculifera», natural de Sri Lanka (CeilaÌ?o) e ali plantada por Roberto Burle Marx em 1965, quando ele ainda adornava, como um Claude Monet no jardim, o parque do Flamengo. Sob investigaçaÌ?o
+A explosaÌ?o acidental de bomba perto de um oÌ?nibus em HanoÌ?i, (VietnaÌ?), matou 7 pessoas e deixou outras 17 gravemente feridas. Herança da guerra do VietnaÌ? (1965-75), a bomba fora «plantada» durante o conflito. O gosto pela confusaÌ?o marca, sem duÌ?vida, o modernismo.
+Boris Casoy e Herbert de Souza, o Betinho, comentam quais os cuidados miÌ?nimos que devem ser tomados diantes das propostas dos candidatos. A ombudsman da Folha, Junia Nogueira de SaÌ? daÌ? dicas para naÌ?o ser enganado pela imprensa; o criÌ?tico de TV Nelson de SaÌ?, tambeÌ?m da Folha, conta histoÌ?rias da manipulaçaÌ?o com o uso da imagem na TV. Gustavo Venturi, do Datafolha, ensina a cautela que deve ser tomada em relaçaÌ?o aÌ?s pesquisas.
+«Se tiver uma escola do outro lado do rio, a 20 km da outra, naÌ?o tem jeito», disse Martins. SoÌ? neste caso, seria permitido abrir uma sala com menos de 35 alunos. AssociaçaÌ?o lança guia meÌ?dico para leigos
+ Especial para a Folha
+A atriz Roseanne Arnold, que vem de lançar uma linha de roupas femininas extra-large, disse ser uma compradora compulsiva. «NaÌ?o gosto que ningueÌ?m interfira nas minhas compras. Saio com um guarda-costas armado e se algueÌ?m se aproxima, mando atirar», disse.
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+O economista acredita que os virtuais tomadores de creÌ?dito ainda fiquem retraiÌ?dos no iniÌ?cio da estabilizaçaÌ?o econoÌ?mica, com juros ainda altos. Depois de introduzido o real, podem triplicar, calcula. A pesquisa da Austin Asis demonstra que os bancos voltaram ao perfil que tinham antes do Plano Collor.
+Em SaÌ?o Paulo, o «Plano Melhor» registrou em março 371 apartamentos vendidos, dos 1.556 oferecidos, segundo estudo do Datafolha (veja balanço mensal de mercado na paÌ?g. 10-3). Apesar do tiÌ?tulo em ingleÌ?s, o programa foi feito por brasileiros. Criado pela Lucci & Labrada, «The Encyclopedia...» ainda naÌ?o tem preço definido.
+A histoÌ?ria se desenrola em dois momentos: no iniÌ?cio dos anos 60 e depois nos anos 80, com 20 anos de diferença. O mesmo personagem, na mesma cidade, em dois momentos decisivos de sua vida. Nos dois momentos o personagem tem uma relaçaÌ?o intensa com uma mulher.
+Segui o passeio, um pouco chateado por nada ter acontecido. Logo me reanimei: como o toureiro de Garcia Lorca, «con toda su muerte a cuestas», naÌ?o devo desanimar. HaveraÌ? a tarde do touro, melhor do que a noite que nos leva sem direito ao sol e aÌ? arena.
+ Sergipe 1
+Dallas foi fundada em 1841 e cresceu a partir de 1870, quando um cruzamento de estradas de trem foi construiÌ?do na regiaÌ?o. Neste meÌ?s, diz ele, os lojistas dos shoppings deveraÌ?o faturar 30% mais do que em igual periÌ?odo do ano passado. Os cartoÌ?es de creÌ?dito, conta, saÌ?o a forma de pagamento preferida do consumidor.
+Escreva. E sabe como eÌ? o novo termo para dizer que alguma coisa eÌ? moderna ou fashion?
+O governador Jayme Campos autorizou o iniÌ?cio das obras de ampliaçaÌ?o dos sistemas de esgoto sanitaÌ?rio de CuiabaÌ? e RondonoÌ?polis e implantaçaÌ?o da 1ª fase no municiÌ?pio de Alta Floresta. SeraÌ?o investidos US$ 10 milhoÌ?es. As obras vaÌ?o beneficiar 150 mil pessoas.
+Outros problemas anteriores aÌ? construçaÌ?o eram o terreno acidentado e o alto iÌ?ndice pluviomeÌ?trico da regiaÌ?o. Para solucionaÌ?-los, foram projetados o traçado em ziguezague e a pista com inclinaçaÌ?o para o centro, permitindo escoamento de aÌ?guas. Para coordenar a obra de construçaÌ?o da calçada, Lorena nomeou o engenheiro portugueÌ?s JoaÌ?o da Costa Ferreira.
+ AMEÌ?RICA 0
+(Caixa Postal 1.856, SaÌ?o Paulo, CEP 01059-970). TraduçaÌ?o de Geir Campos, 132 paÌ?gs. CR$ 6.500,00. Vogts -- EÌ? uma injustiça pois jogamos em bloco.
+LUIZ CARLOS BRESSER PEREIRA eÌ? economista e professor da FundaçaÌ?o GetuÌ?lio Vargas-SP. Foi ministro da Fazenda (governo Sarney). Publicou, entre outros, «A Crise do Estado».
+ VisitaçaÌ?o: de terça a domingo, das 9h aÌ?s 22h
+E aquela ex-petista e neotucana me ligou de novo:
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em FlorianoÌ?polis
+As criÌ?ticas de FHC ao PT e ao PDT, apontando-os como culpados por um atraso na implantaçaÌ?o do Plano Real, naÌ?o procedem. Desde que editou a MP (Medida ProvisoÌ?ria) que criou a URV, em 28 de fevereiro deste ano, o governo se mobilizou para protelar ao maÌ?ximo as votaçoÌ?es do Congresso. TeÌ?cnica em platina eÌ? artesanal
+Na primeira fase da Fuvest 94, tivemos duas questoÌ?es de quiÌ?mica orgaÌ?nica, treÌ?s de quiÌ?mica geral e cinco de fiÌ?sico-quiÌ?mica. Observe os assuntos abordados: massa molar e nuÌ?mero de mols, caÌ?lculo estequiomeÌ?trico, estado fiÌ?sico de uma substaÌ?ncia e pH. Os passageiros desses voÌ?os seraÌ?o orientados a procurar a VigilaÌ?ncia SanitaÌ?ria caso contraiam a peste depois do desembarque.
+O ministro do Trabalho, Walter Barelli, chegou a pedir demissaÌ?o na tensa reuniaÌ?o de domingo, no PalaÌ?cio do Planalto, em que se debatia o Plano FHC. A meio da reuniaÌ?o, Barelli disse ao presidente Itamar Franco:
+Mas o Matinas Suzuki Jr. voltou da Catalunha traçando este perfil do Futebol Clube Barcelona:
+O presidente dos EUA, Bill Clinton, voltou ontem a New Hampshire, o Estado da Costa Leste do paiÌ?s onde haÌ? dois anos conseguiu revigorar sua campanha presidencial que parecia condenada ao fracasso com surpreedente vitoÌ?ria na primeira eleiçaÌ?o primaÌ?ria do seu partido, para desta vez tentar salvar o seu governo, em crise por causa das repercussoÌ?es do caso Whitewater. Em tom de comiÌ?cio, ele acusou o Partido Republicano, de oposiçaÌ?o, de fazer «poliÌ?tica de destruiçaÌ?o pessoal» e disse que «isso eÌ? errado e eÌ? ruim para os EUA». Falou sobre educaçaÌ?o, defendeu o projeto de reforma do sistema de sauÌ?de produzido por sua mulher, Hillary, e ganhou aplausos.
+ POTOMAC
+O usuaÌ?rio pode ficar conectado ao BBS ateÌ? 60 minutos por dia. A assinatura mensal com acesso aÌ? Internet sai por 12 URVs. O texto eÌ? pontuado por intervençoÌ?es de um coro, cujas intensas variaçoÌ?es determinam a alternaÌ?ncia de tons ora aflitos, ora culpados, ora vigilantes.
+O estudo afirma que as vendas dos bens de consumo naÌ?o-duraÌ?veis, que lideraram a expansaÌ?o da induÌ?stria em agosto, seraÌ?o pouco afetados pelo arrocho ao creÌ?dito. Resposta -- Eu posso ser. JaÌ? fui quando eu era mais moço.
+ Novo Eclipse (esportivo)
+«Eu juro que naÌ?o sabia que as ervas para emagrecimento continham efedrina. Se soubesse, ningueÌ?m me arrastaria ao antidoping. Eu demoraria uns dois anos ateÌ? fazer aquele xixi.»
+E a equipe terminou o jogo abrindo maÌ?o de qualquer esquema taÌ?tico, garantindo o resultado. Dunaway naÌ?o eÌ? conhecida como cantora. Segundo o agente da atriz, Bob Palmer, ela teve que passar por uma intensiva preparaçaÌ?o antes de se apresentar para os testes esta semana com o autor do musical, Andrew Lloyd Weber.
+O texto preveÌ? multa diaÌ?ria de ateÌ? 50 mil URV para as empresas que se negarem a retroagir seus preços, quando isso for determinado pela SDE. A Secretaria de PoliÌ?tica EconoÌ?mica, do MinisteÌ?rio da Fazenda, daraÌ? o prazo de cinco dias uÌ?teis para as empresas justificarem o indiÌ?cio de aumento arbitraÌ?rio de preço. Se a justificativa naÌ?o for convincente, a Fazenda representaraÌ? aÌ? SDE, que abriraÌ? processo administrativo e poderaÌ? adotar a medida preventiva mandando reduzir os preços.
+O Banco Autolatina realizou lucro de US$ 9,1 milhoÌ?es em 93. DiÌ?vida a alongar
+Erguner -- Começa o que chamamos Mukbala (pronuncia-se mucaÌ?bala), que eÌ? a confrontaçaÌ?o. Os dançarinos ficam face a face, olhando nos olhos do outro, reconhecendo o outro. Os 95 detidos naÌ?o seraÌ?o expulsos, segundo Pasqua.
+Produzido com chapas de aço dobradas e fibra de vidro, o que, segundo o fabricante, diminui o custo final do produto (elimina estamparia), o jipe tem aspecto de carro de guerra. O JPX eÌ? uma versaÌ?o do utilitaÌ?rio Auverland, usado pelo ExeÌ?rcito franceÌ?s. Seu motor diesel dianteiro longitudinal (1.905 cc), de quatro cilindros, tem 70,7 cv na versaÌ?o aspirada e 91 cv na versaÌ?o turbinada e atinge, respectivamente, 115 km/h e 135 km/h, segundo dados do fabricante.
+A reduçaÌ?o mais acentuada foi constatada no grupo dos produtos de limpeza, cujo custo ontem, R$ 9,23, era 2,64% inferior ao do dia anterior. Mas sobre o valor apurado no final de agosto o grupo limpeza eÌ? o uÌ?nico que registra alta (0,22%). Os produtos de alimentaçaÌ?o tiveram queda de 0,65%.
+O ator Milton Gonçalves, candidato do PMDB ao governo do Rio, seraÌ? o apresentador dos programas nacionais de Orestes QueÌ?rcia no horaÌ?rio eleitoral gratuito na TV. Gonçalves apareceu no capiÌ?tulo de segunda-feira passada da novela «Fera Ferida», da Rede Globo. A lei 8.713, que regula a eleiçaÌ?o deste ano, proiÌ?be programas de televisaÌ?o ou raÌ?dio apresentados ou comentados por candidato.
+TambeÌ?m nesse periÌ?odo, a guerra civil espanhola e o fascismo estaÌ?o presentes nas obras. O convite para ilustrar o livro «Pelo SertaÌ?o», de Afonso Arinos, obrigou-o a pesquisar a vida e a paisagem da regiaÌ?o da caatinga. De uma estada no Rio, nos anos 50, resultaram seÌ?ries sobre as festas e a macumba.
+Decidimos vendeÌ?-lo para a televisaÌ?o. Folha -- AiÌ? os desenhos, que antes eram feitos com 40 mil quadros, passaram a ser feitos com 4.000. Isso naÌ?o foi uma perda irreparaÌ?vel?
+ O AUTOR
+A rede puÌ?blica responde por menos de 15 mil. «Teremos uma reÌ?plica dos governos que temos visto no mundo aÌ?rabe nas uÌ?ltimas quatro deÌ?cadas. Arafat cresceu politicamente nesse ambiente», disse Malki.
+ PM critica açaÌ?o do ExeÌ?rcito
+Schor acredita que «ningueÌ?m poÌ?e o dinheiro onde naÌ?o conhece». Foi com esta ideÌ?ia que ele resolveu montar um balcaÌ?o de degustaçaÌ?o em todas as suas lojas. «O relacionamento com o cliente fica mais pessoal.»
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+Ganhou tambeÌ?m uma nova «cara», mais atraente, e ajuda on line de qualquer ponto do programa. «AteÌ? o final de 1995 vamos ter tiÌ?tulos suficientes para criar nossa proÌ?pria enciclopeÌ?dia», diz Gonzalo Labrada, diretor da empresa, que tambeÌ?m desenvolveu o CD-ROM de «The Encyclopedia of World Cup Soccer». (SR)
+Um dos membros mais atuantes da UniaÌ?o eÌ? o padre Antonio Luis Marchione, o padre TicaÌ?o, que comanda uma legiaÌ?o de sem-tetos na zona leste de SaÌ?o Paulo (Leia reportagem nesta paÌ?gina). Dos membros da UE, a Alemanha eÌ? o que menos se beneficia do proÌ?prio mercado europeu. Enquanto 63% das exportaçoÌ?es da França se destinam a paiÌ?ses europeus, na Alemanha esse iÌ?ndice eÌ? de 54%.
+A hospedagem eÌ? feita em pousadas. Na de Rio de Contas (duas estrelas, tel. 073-475-2090), o casal paga uma diaÌ?ria de R$ 40 (desconto de 20% fora da alta estaçaÌ?o). O Charlotte Hornets, com quem disputava a oitava e uÌ?ltima vaga da ConfereÌ?ncia Leste, jaÌ? naÌ?o pode mais ultrapassaÌ?-lo.
+ SONIA ROMEÌ?RIO
+A declaraçaÌ?o do ministro Ciro Gomes, da Fazenda, de que naÌ?o pretende mais propor a suspensaÌ?o da «denuÌ?ncia vazia» nos contratos de aluguel residencial, foi bem recebida pelo representantes do mercado de locaçaÌ?o. «O setor deve voltar aÌ? tranquilidade, dentro da 'anormalidade' na qual jaÌ? vinha vivendo», diz Hubert Gebara, conselheiro da Fenadi (FederaçaÌ?o Nacional das Adminsitradoras de ImoÌ?veis). ApoÌ?s o anuÌ?ncio de que a chapa naÌ?o iria participar, Schwartzenberg manifestou sua intençaÌ?o de seguir adiante na disputa eleitoral.
+Mas, em meio aos temores e aÌ? turbuleÌ?ncia deste uÌ?ltimo meÌ?s, 43% eÌ? um nuÌ?mero quase tranquilizador. A irrupçaÌ?o do desejo eÌ? sempre absoluta e violenta naÌ?o escolhe forma, nem geÌ?nero. Pode vir como uma celebraçaÌ?o festiva e colorida da vida e eÌ? assim que aparece na maioria de seus filmes, mas muito frequentemente tangencia os tons sombrios da morte caso de «Matador», um AlmodoÌ?var de certa forma atiÌ?pico.
+AtraveÌ?s de sensores instalados no teto do vestiaÌ?rio do CT, estaÌ? sendo mensurada a impulsaÌ?o dos jogadores. O sistema jaÌ? foi aplicado na seleçaÌ?o brasileira juvenil de voÌ?lei feminino. (JHM e MD)
+A partir de agora, esses militares teraÌ?o legalmente a liberdade de revidar caso sejam atacados durante essas operaçoÌ?es de patrulha. Arcos disse que, com o dinheiro destinado ao Brasil pelo Departamento de Estado, seraÌ? possiÌ?vel dar «uma pequena ajuda aÌ? PoliÌ?cia Federal (como pagar gasolina para operaçoÌ?es em regioÌ?es onde a PF naÌ?o tem verba para isso), pagar algumas viagens, adestrar caÌ?es e tambeÌ?m para algumas tentativas de reduzir a demanda de drogas». «NaÌ?o tem sentido o governo norte-americano gastar dinheiro para pagar a gasolina da PF», afirmou o embaixador.
+As principais lideranças do PSDB começam a chegar a MInas para ajudar na reta final da campanha de Eduardo Azeredo. Desde ontem, o presidente nacional do partido, Pimenta da Veiga, integrou-se aÌ? campanha. Junto com o governador eleito do CearaÌ?, Tasso Jereissati, ele vai pedir votos para Azeredo em Juiz de Fora.
+ «Correr uma maratona»
+O advogado de Nader contestou a legalidade da cassaçaÌ?o. Segundo ele, como o deputado eÌ? suplente e naÌ?o tem mandato, naÌ?o poderia ser cassado. Os deputados, no entanto, aprovaram o parecer do relator.
+Maguila vai usar um calçaÌ?o confeccionado pelos internos da Febem (FundaçaÌ?o do Bem Estar do Menor), onde daraÌ? aulas de boxe. O recurso dos desenhos animados pode ser uma saiÌ?da para os programas, cercados de proibiçoÌ?es desde que foi aprovada a nova lei eleitoral, em setembro de 93. A lei proiÌ?be gravaçoÌ?es externas.
+Acredita-se por aiÌ? que a Globo eÌ? capaz de eleger quem o seu acionista quer (ainda que as duas eleiçoÌ?es de Brizola no Rio de Janeiro mostrem que essa premissa naÌ?o eÌ? absoluta). Acredita-se, sobretudo, que os eleitores naÌ?o teÌ?m capacidade de ver, ouvir, pensar e discernir livremente: precisam de tutela para que naÌ?o sejam «influenciados». A receita contra tudo isso eÌ? simples: puniçaÌ?o eficaz das condutas que merecem puniçaÌ?o.
+«EÌ? um nu mais cientiÌ?fico do que eroÌ?tico», diz DeÌ?borah, explicando as eÌ?nfases de seu trabalho:
+O presidente do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho do ParanaÌ? (TRT -- PR), Ricardo Sampaio, defendeu ontem a ediçaÌ?o pelo governo de uma medida provisoÌ?ria (MP) para retomar as regras antigas das rescisoÌ?es trabalhistas. O enunciado 330 do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho muda as regras e limita a contestaçaÌ?o das homologaçoÌ?es na Justiça. Semana de caÌ?o prepara entrada do real
+O advogado Waldir Luiz Braga tambeÌ?m naÌ?o veÌ? ilegalidade no aumento do IR este ano. «A lei, embora tenha começado como MP, foi publicada no ano passado.»
+A transfereÌ?ncia de RomaÌ?rio para o Flamengo eÌ? «impossiÌ?vel», segundo o presidente do clube, Luiz Augusto Velloso. Mato Grosso
+Em abril a taxa foi de 2,6%. Quando noÌ?s descobrimos o que estava havendo, fomos levar isso ao conhecimento do JuliaÌ?o. O JuliaÌ?o falou:
+TambeÌ?m naÌ?o saÌ?o recomendaÌ?veis os temas de acidentes de automoÌ?veis ou alcoolismo. Todos fazem comerciais com estes assuntos taÌ?o graves. Eu jaÌ? ganhei diversos LeoÌ?es com filmes de batidas de carros e pais beÌ?bados.
+Diversos manifestantes foram presos. No final, a poliÌ?cia permitiu o protesto. 'Estatuto deve ser modificado'.
+ NaiÌ?lson Ferreira, 31, aproveitou a greve e foi ateÌ? uma empresa de oÌ?nibus na zona leste procurar emprego
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+ A velhice deve ser farta de liberdade
+O grupo analisa apenas o melhor momento. «Se voceÌ? estaÌ? pensando numa empresa fora dos moldes tradicionais, e quer trazer investimentos, tem que abrir o capital», diz Motta Veiga, ex-presidente da CVM. Sua introduçaÌ?o figurou entre as propostas paralelas ao pacote da URV, lançado em março.
+Depois foi para a França descobrir o modernismo dos anos 10. Rumo ao desamparo
+Perdi a confiança no carro.»
+ Da Equipe de Articulistas
+ 6. Philadelphia
+Caso Bornhausen naÌ?o aceite, o deputado Benito Gama, ex-presidente da CPI (ComissaÌ?o Parlamentar de InqueÌ?rito) do Collorgate eÌ? o preferido dos tucanos. «NingueÌ?m formado vai se submeter a ir para o mato para ganhar salaÌ?rio miÌ?nimo», diz Santos. Girassi mora com as duas filhas numa casa de eucalipto, coberta com sapeÌ?, construiÌ?da pelos moradores da Comunidade do Lança, onde estaÌ? localizada a escola.
+ 5/6 Argentina 1 x 1 ItaÌ?lia
+A giÌ?ria que tem feito a cabeça da molecada entre 2 e 22 anos eÌ? mais antiga do que o programa «Mulheres em Desfile»: «demais», que a garotada grifa «d+», eÌ? o cafufo do momento. Essas palavras-chave saÌ?o usadas para arquivar o documento e as buscas saÌ?o estabelecidas pelo usuaÌ?rio, que pode controlaÌ?-la de forma a ser mais ou menos abrangente. A liberdade que cada usuaÌ?rio tem de estabelecer seu proÌ?prio conjunto de palavras-chave pode levar a dificuldades na busca devido a erros de grafia e a inconsisteÌ?ncia na atribuiçaÌ?o das mesmas palavras-chave.
+O Grupo do Rio saberaÌ? contribuir, com amizade e sentido construtivo, para a gradual reinserçaÌ?o de Cuba no conviÌ?vio regional. O progresso das reformas econoÌ?micas e o avanço das aberturas poliÌ?ticas saÌ?o responsabilidade do povo cubano. Tal processo deve ser apoiado por uma poliÌ?tica de maÌ?o estendida.
+A assessoria de imprensa do Grupo Mendes JuÌ?nior informou ontem que soÌ? depois da realizaçaÌ?o de uma periÌ?cia no Centro de ConvençoÌ?es de Manaus poderaÌ? se pronunciar sobre o desabamento. A empresa informou que «naÌ?o vai se eximir de nenhuma responsabilidade», mas que «por enquanto naÌ?o pode emitir opiniaÌ?o». GATO SEM RABO
+O comprador sairaÌ? perdendo se o Plano Real der certo e a inflaçaÌ?o se contentar com um patamar baixo jaÌ? que ele continuaraÌ? pagando um juro de 9% ao meÌ?s. Na outra ponta, se o plano der errado e a inflaçaÌ?o superar os 9%, a loja, no limite, poderaÌ? enfrentar ateÌ? um problema de caixa. RaÌ?pido.
+150 e 138
+ e na geral
+Era um show aÌ? parte. Na quadra, ao lado de Smith, fazia uma dupla perfeita, que liderou o ranking mundial nos uÌ?ltimos anos. Em 93, foram derrotados no Rio.
+ Da Folha ABCD
+ Mulheres achavam que eram amadas
+ 4 de agosto -- quinta-feira
+Ricardo Rocha eÌ? o Ricardo Rocha. EÌ? oportuna a chance dada ao CleÌ?ber, do Palmeiras. Antonio Carlos tambeÌ?m merece ser reavaliado em zaga de seleçaÌ?o nacional.
+EÌ? o equivalente, em um ano, a uma morte para cada 4.766 carros. Nas refereÌ?ncias a vaÌ?rios bairros da cidade, surgem ainda um office-boy e uma vendedora. «As muÌ?sicas, escolhidas por DeÌ?cio Otero, expressam a miscelaÌ?nia paulista», explica MaÌ?rika.
+Desde que o Pequeno atingiu Berkeley, poreÌ?m, comecei a seguir o conselho de uma jovem senhorita que conhece bem essa histoÌ?ria de terremotos. Ela me ligou e sugeriu que eu escolhesse uma mesa forte em meu quarto, caso o GrandaÌ?o bata por aqui. Eu perguntei por que.
+ 6. UMA HISTOÌ?RIA DOS POVOS AÌ?RABES
+Jennifer -- EÌ? impossiÌ?vel. Sempre que tenho que aparecer diante de uma plateÌ?ia como eu mesma eÌ? simplesmente aterrorizante. Folha -- Que tal foi contracenar com Tim Robbins?
+ Desempregado volta ao trabalho
+Começa hoje a operaçaÌ?o volta aÌ?s aulas, implantada pela Secretaria Municipal de Transportes, em conjunto com a CET (Companhia de Engenharia de TraÌ?fego) e o CPTran (Comando de Policiamento de TraÌ?nsito). A operaçaÌ?o seraÌ? nas imediaçoÌ?es de 93 escolas da cidade. Segundo a CET, a implantaçaÌ?o seraÌ? gradativa, porque as aulas vaÌ?o começar em datas diferentes.
+Nunca quisemos acreditar que o futebol fosse capaz de sofrer do mesmo mal que sofre qualquer outra coisa neste mundo caÌ?o. Talvez sejamos noÌ?s, com a nossa caduquice precoce, que naÌ?o conseguimos mais vibrar. Mas naÌ?o, naÌ?o somos soÌ? noÌ?s, depois de lermos este artigo para nossos filhos, eles disseram que depois da Copa o futebol perdeu um pouco de sua graça.
+O livro do senador Roberto Campos jaÌ? se encontra sobre sua cabeceira. Em 1895, apoÌ?s a pacificaçaÌ?o desses movimentos, fundaram o Partido Monarquista, em SaÌ?o Paulo. No ano seguinte, os monarquistas cariocas organizaram o Centro Monarquista do Rio de Janeiro.
+NaÌ?o conta?
+Acordo semelhante ao firmado ontem jaÌ? foi feito com laboratoÌ?rios europeus e nacionais. O proÌ?ximo passo eÌ? discutir com as entidades representativas da induÌ?stria. Indagado se o governo estaria disposto a negociar o decreto 793, dos geneÌ?ricos, Dallari disse:
+ odeiam a democracia («a maior mentira»), querem matar os homossexuais, di
+EÌ? um CD duplo que, em 32 muÌ?sicas, faz uma coletaÌ?nea do que foi o rock norte-americano nas deÌ?cadas de 50 a 70. Rio Grande do Norte 1
+ TVs lutam por audieÌ?ncia com diversificaçaÌ?o
+O vereador SeÌ?rgio Quintela (PMN), 35, de MaceioÌ?, filho do secretaÌ?rio de Segurança PuÌ?blica, Rubens Quintela, morreu ontem, aÌ?s 4h, em um acidente de carro na rodovia AL-101. O assessor AndreÌ? Paz nada sofreu. Quintela fazia campanha para deputado estadual.
+Os fabricantes de produtos plaÌ?sticos e de material de higiene e limpeza pediram ajuda ao MinisteÌ?rio da Fazenda para combater a pressaÌ?o por aumento de preços dos fornecedores de mateÌ?ria-prima. O principal foco de pressaÌ?o, segundo as induÌ?strias, vem do segmento petroquiÌ?mico, que passa por uma alta de preços no mercado mundial. Moraes preveÌ? um cenaÌ?rio perverso:
+Derrotar ACM (Antonio Carlos MagalhaÌ?es) e seu soÌ?cio Roberto Marinho.»
+ Vitor Buaiz, ex-prefeito de VitoÌ?ria, eÌ? o uÌ?nico petista com chances de poder se tornar governador de Estado
+Hoje, tarifas menores podem ser compensadas com um ganho financeiro do banco, ao aplicar o dinheiro de uma cobrança e repassar o valor ao cliente soÌ? no dia seguinte, por exemplo. Os importadores tambeÌ?m ficaraÌ?o dispensados da anueÌ?ncia preÌ?via para a compra de produtos petroquiÌ?micos (benzeno, eteno, propeno, hidrogeÌ?nio e buteno), audiovisuiais e softwares. A regra vale tambeÌ?m para o açuÌ?car e aÌ?lcool.
+ TafetaÌ?
+Depois dos pensamentos de SeÌ?neca sobre poder e riqueza, a editora Nova Alexandria vai mostrar o lado pluma e paeteÌ?s da Roma Antiga. -- Como foi contracenar com Denzel Washington?
+Recebe bem quem vem de fora. DifiÌ?cil chegar e naÌ?o ser logo convidado para um churrasco na casa de algueÌ?m, um passeio de barco, um bate-papo. DifiÌ?cil mesmo eÌ? ficar sozinho em Natal.
+Entre os temas que estaraÌ?o em discussaÌ?o, destacam-se o impacto do Plano Real sobre o mercado de livros e o lançamento de coleçoÌ?es para o puÌ?blico jovem. Mas Wyatt naÌ?o eÌ? o uÌ?nico tulku ocidental reconhecido por RimpocheÌ?. Nos Estados Unidos, vive atualmente com ele outro menino, cujo nome no budismo eÌ? Kun Zang.
+A decisaÌ?o atingiu tambeÌ?m dois procuradores que trabalham na esfera federal. Os casos mais poleÌ?micos saÌ?o os da promotora Luiza Nagib Eluf, atual dirigente da Assessoria de Cidadania da Secretaria da Justiça, haÌ? oito anos afastada do MP, e o do procurador de Justiça JoseÌ? Sylvio Fonseca Tavares, atual presidente do Conselho PenitenciaÌ?rio do Estado. Havia troca de tiros em seis dos desenhos.
+O centro do detector eÌ? atravessado pelo tubo de vaÌ?cuo que conduz o feixe e eÌ? ali que se produzem as colisoÌ?es entre proÌ?tons e antiproÌ?tons. AÌ? sua volta, e muito perto do feixe, dispositivos saÌ?o capazes de rastrear o passo das partiÌ?culas com precisaÌ?o em torno de centeÌ?simos de miliÌ?metros. Os sinais dos detectores saÌ?o analisados imediatamente pelos computadores de controle da experieÌ?ncia, que decidem com enorme rapidez as colisoÌ?es que devem ser estudadas.
+A PoliÌ?cia Militar teraÌ? 22 mil homens fazendo patrulhamento em SaÌ?o Paulo domingo. O reforço visa conter tumultos que possam ocorrer por causa do jogo final da Copa do Mundo, entre Brasil e ItaÌ?lia. A informaçaÌ?o eÌ? do Comando de Policiamento Metropolitano (CPM).
+O jornal informa que um computador laptop contendo a ficha meÌ?dica da princesa Diana foi roubado no uÌ?ltimo dia 22 de uma cliÌ?nica de Londres. O computador era do nutricionista Roderick Lane, que tratou de Diana durante um distuÌ?rbio alimentar conhecido como bulimia. «Eles estaÌ?o fora de forma», limitou-se a argumentar.
+O secretaÌ?rio da Receita, OsiÌ?ris Lopes, disse que a medida visa regularizar o pagamento dessas diÌ?vidas. Tribunal tem de mudar, diz Brossard
+ pizza grande: R$ 9,05
+Por mais cientiÌ?ficas e seÌ?rias que sejam, pesquisas naÌ?o substituem as urnas. No meu diaÌ?rio, 1994 e a confereÌ?ncia de NaÌ?poles seraÌ?o registrados como a prova final de que a economia mundial começou a dar sinais de recuperaçaÌ?o. NaÌ?o soÌ? o PIB dos EUA continua a subir o que jaÌ? eÌ? histoÌ?ria antiga como Alemanha e JapaÌ?o parecem ter finalmente superado a longa queda que enfrentavam e se encaminham aÌ? recuperaçaÌ?o e ao crescimento.
+Os delegados da PoliÌ?cia Civil ameaçam entrar em greve a partir de 1º de fevereiro se o salaÌ?rio de janeiro naÌ?o atender aÌ?s suas reivindicaçoÌ?es. O governo afirma que cumpre o acordo ao pagar 80% do salaÌ?rio dos procuradores do Estado. Os delegados querem o dobro.
+SoÌ? saÌ?o usadas em epidemias. Sua proteçaÌ?o dura, no maÌ?ximo, treÌ?s anos. NaÌ?o haÌ? sentido em dar essa vacina de rotina para todas as crianças.
+Os moradores da rua Antonio Santana Abranches estaÌ?o convivendo desde novembro com um vazamento em uma rede de esgoto particular que estaÌ? entupida. A aposentada Elka Sofia Moreira Lima, 60, mora bem em frente ao vazamento. Segundo ela, a aÌ?gua do esgoto corre dia e noite, exalando um desagradaÌ?vel mau cheiro.
+ Saiba como recorrer da multa
+ A cantora liÌ?rica, que se apresenta dia 30 no Municipal, defende o uso da arte para amenizar o sofrimento
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+ MARCO CHIARETTI
+Maria Helena Lacerda, a estilista predileta de AlaiÌ?de QueÌ?rcia, estaÌ? nas nuvens. Depois de batalhar anos para ver suas roupas nas paÌ?ginas de «Elle», Piri conseguiu convencer a implacaÌ?vel editora da revista, Regina Guerreiro, a publicar uma megareportagem sobre suas roupas. Este meÌ?s nas bancas.
+TiÌ?tulo:
+Diz que o PFL nasceu com Pero Vaz de Caminha escrevendo ao rei pedindo emprego pro genro. PFL, geraçoÌ?es de empregos. PuÌ?blicos.
+EÌ? de 14 pontos porcentuais sua distaÌ?ncia em relaçaÌ?o a FHC entre os desempregados (37% a 23%). O domiÌ?nio da CUT sobre os sindicatos de servidores tambeÌ?m deixa um vieÌ?s na intençaÌ?o de voto. ERRAMOS
+Eles resolveram se casar no iniÌ?cio de 1968. A pedido de Robert Kennedy, que era candidato aÌ? PresideÌ?ncia e temia efeitos eleitorais negativos do casamento, Jackie concordou em adiar os planos para 1969. O assassinato de Robert, em junho de 1968, a fez rever sua posiçaÌ?o.
+Depois do acidente, os mecaÌ?nicos da Williams cobriram rapidamente a parte da frente do carro e impediram que as pessoas presentes se aproximassem do veiÌ?culo. O treino fazia parte da preparaçaÌ?o para o Grande PreÌ?mio do Brasil, no dia 27 de março, que marca o iniÌ?cio da temporada de FoÌ?rmula 1 deste ano. «Outros casos vaÌ?o aparecer», disse Luiz InaÌ?cio Lula da Silva durante o comiÌ?cio que fez saÌ?bado aÌ? noite em Londrina (PR).
+«O papel do PSDB seraÌ? o de casulo da lagarta do conservadorismo. E, como todo casulo, seraÌ? jogado fora.»
+Bom, deixando o puxa-saquismo um pouco de lado, o que me levou a escrever foi a seçaÌ?o de cartas do Folhateen de 5 de setembro. Mais precisamente, a carta do leitor Rodolfo Barci. Cara, voceÌ? naÌ?o foi nem um pouco rude com o AndreÌ? Forastieri.
+Aqui Macaulay eÌ? um menino que faz o mal por ciuÌ?mes de seus irmaÌ?os. E naÌ?o faz pouco: provoca um grande desastre de automoÌ?veis, tenta matar a proÌ?pria maÌ?e etc. «O Anjo Malvado» naÌ?o eÌ? um aprendizado do mundo, eÌ? a histoÌ?ria de um garoto doente. Vai interessar mais aos adultos do que aÌ?s crianças.
+ Amazonas 1
+O governo iraniano anunciou ter apreendido 3 toneladas de oÌ?pio numa uÌ?nica operaçaÌ?o policial, em que 20 traficantes teriam sido mortos pela poliÌ?cia. Festa pela paz deixa 24 mortos em Luanda
+Ele voltaraÌ? aÌ? CaÌ?mara porque o relator no Senado, JoseÌ? Paulo Bisol (PT-RS), fez alteraçoÌ?es de redaçaÌ?o no projeto original, do deputado Miro Teixeira (PDT-RJ), aprovado em 92 pela CaÌ?mara. AGENDA DE REFORMAS PROPOSTA POR FHC
+Os cartazes foram proibidos pela Justiça Eleitoral, depois de duas semanas de exibiçaÌ?o. Klabin reduz custos em US$ 9 milhoÌ?es
+EstaÌ? proibido por lei. Pode?
+A opiniaÌ?o de Oliveira eÌ? compartilhada por grande parte dos pedagogos e psicoÌ?logos que trabalham com crianças ateÌ? cinco anos. Para eles, a agressividade soÌ? eÌ? vista como defeito quando se torna frequente. Nesse caso, os pais devem ser chamados aÌ? escola para discutir quais as provaÌ?veis causas da mudança de atitude.
+O resultado, portanto, eÌ? uma falta de surpresas que, tendendo aÌ? falta de iniciativas, traz o risco de fazer confundir cautela com passividade. E a inflaçaÌ?o em cruzeiros reais continua corroendo o salaÌ?rio de cada trabalhador, uma vez recebido em URVs. A perda para o salaÌ?rio eÌ? menor do que antes.
+A Daia eÌ? uma das instituiçoÌ?es cuja sede foi destruiÌ?da no atentado. A outra eÌ? a AssociaçaÌ?o Mutual Israelita Argentina. O IraÌ? disse que treÌ?s dos indiciados estiveram em missoÌ?es diplomaÌ?ticas na Argentina entre 87 e 92.
+A diretoria saÌ?o-paulina promete para a proÌ?xima semana uma nova tentativa para trazer o meia Euler do AmeÌ?rica (MG). Santos foi preso na madrugada de 25 de outubro deste ano por policiais da Guarda Civil Metropolitana de SaÌ?o Paulo. Condenado pela Justiça a 148 anos de prisaÌ?o e apontado como um dos principais matadores da zona sul da cidade, Santos eÌ? suspeito de 30 assassinatos e responde a 21 inqueÌ?ritos por homiciÌ?dio.
+ De Londres
+Em dois relaÌ?mpagos naÌ?o mais do que isto Gullit refez seu nome em cima de Chamot. A histoÌ?ria eÌ? sempre mais injusta com os zagueiros. SoÌ? algueÌ?m com o nome Amoroso poderia ter feito aquele gol contra o Vasco: com o coraçaÌ?o.
+Juliana Shuman, 19, eÌ? outra que estaÌ? tendo que fazer um certo esforço para se habituar ao uso do equipamento. Palhinha disse que estaÌ? muito «triste». «NaÌ?o estaÌ? sendo faÌ?cil superar isso.
+Fernando Henrique Cardoso, presidente eleito da RepuÌ?blica, ontem em «O Globo». E quando a equipe vai tomar as provideÌ?ncias?
+Termina segunda-feira o prazo para a atual diretoria do Museu de Arte de SaÌ?o Paulo (Masp) se defender em uma das duas açoÌ?es propostas para anulaçaÌ?o da assembleÌ?ia que a elegeu em 19 de abril. O processo foi aberto na uÌ?ltima terça-feira por dois soÌ?cios do Masp, MaÌ?rio Pimenta Camargo e Paulo JoseÌ? da Costa. Sem saber, eÌ? claro, que ele (Cameron Mitchell) nadava em cifroÌ?es.
+ SaiÌ?das de doÌ?lares superam as entradas neste meÌ?s; Banco Central fica fora do mercado cambial
+Na terra do funcionalismo puÌ?blico, Campelo naÌ?o faz por menos. Quatro de seus irmaÌ?os trabalham no governo do DF. Outra irmaÌ? trabalha no Poder Legislativo local.
+De Velvet Underground passou para Hell's Club, depois do apodrecimento feito aqui mesmo nesta coluna. E quem leva o povo para laÌ? eÌ? o Pil, que fazia as boas festas Psychoparty, conseguindo um bom mix de pessoas o ideal, neÌ??
+«EÌ? uma afirmaçaÌ?o injuriosa e vamos adotar medidas judiciais contra Fleury», disse. O governador ironizou a afirmaçaÌ?o de Perosa:
+ Fiat Tempra: US$ 142 (dia) e US$ 524 (semana)
+«Tenho meu niÌ?vel de vaidade. Mas minha preguiça eÌ? maior que a vaidade.»
+ FOTO 7
+Outro trabalho que chegou aÌ?s revistas de moda, jaÌ? que a «Vogue» AmeÌ?rica fotografou a atriz Tilda Swinton no apartamento do estilista Karl Lagerfeld, em Paris. Martin Scorsese tambeÌ?m deu trabalho para a figurinista Gabriella Pescucci em seu «A EÌ?poca da InoceÌ?ncia». Coincidentemente, nos tempos atuais, o look inocente entrou na moda; no filme, o que se veÌ? eÌ? a sofisticaçaÌ?o da aristocracia nova-iorquina do seÌ?culo 18.
+Um dos mais poderosos congressistas norte-americanos, o deputado Dan Rostenkowski, foi indiciado ontem por corrupçaÌ?o. Segundo a acusaçaÌ?o, ele roubou mais US$ 500 mil do governo federal e tentou obstruir a açaÌ?o da Justiça. O indiciamento obriga Rostenkowski a renunciar aÌ? presideÌ?ncia da ComissaÌ?o de Orçamento da CaÌ?mara dos Representantes.
+O outro fator de formaçaÌ?o do preço interno, o doÌ?lar, estaÌ? contido e deve se manter assim por bom tempo. Nove disputam PresideÌ?ncia
+ Da Reportagem Local
+SaÌ?bado e domingo: 13h/2h. $. Il Cacciatore. R. Santo AntoÌ?nio, 855, Bela Vista, regiaÌ?o central.
+A pergunta me foi dirigida por um telespectador do «Roda Viva» da uÌ?ltima segunda-feira. Por falta de tempo, contudo, a questaÌ?o infelizmente acabou nem sendo levada ao ar durante o programa. Mas como ela reflete uma confusaÌ?o que parece estar extremamente difundida no Brasil hoje em dia, acredito que vale a pena tentar respondeÌ?-la.
+Hoje em dia, os violoÌ?es teÌ?m seis cordas de naÌ?ilon. Guerra do IeÌ?men mata 50 mil, diz Liga AÌ?rabe
+As companhias hipotecaÌ?rias instituiçoÌ?es financeiras criadas pelo governo para financiar a habitaçaÌ?o aÌ? classe meÌ?dia alta soÌ? deveraÌ?o começar a operar dentro de cinco meses, de acordo com a previsaÌ?o do Banco Central. Segundo teÌ?cnicos do BC, esse eÌ? o prazo para que bancos e construtoras viabilizem empresas, cujas regras foram definidas pelo Conselho MonetaÌ?rio Nacional. Modelos
+O general Raoul Cedras, comandante-em-chefe do ExeÌ?rcito do Haiti, disse ontem que soÌ? renuncia ao cargo se a comunidade internacional reconhecer o governo do presidente indicado em maio por ele, Emile Joanassaint. Cedras, 45, liderou o golpe de Estado que em setembro de 1991 depoÌ?s Jean-Bertrand Aristide, primeiro presidente escolhido em eleiçaÌ?o democraÌ?tica na histoÌ?ria do paiÌ?s, oito meses apoÌ?s sua posse. «NoÌ?s soÌ? trouxemos brinquedos para as crianças.
+A ditadura militar, malgrado o idealismo de alguns de seus promotores, revitalizou a totalidade histoÌ?rica descrita. Rasgou caminhos e horizontes para que ela se perpetuasse. Os treÌ?s governos que se seguiram aÌ? sua erosaÌ?o parcial se entrechocam com os impulsos ascendentes de desobedieÌ?ncia civil.
+Segundo operadores do mercado, o BC recusou propostas de bancos que queriam vender a moeda a R$ 0,845. ConsoÌ?rcios podem demitir ateÌ? 15 mil
+ InflueÌ?ncia sobre a moda foi poderosa
+«Sabe por que me chamavam de retranqueiro?
+Nada pode destruir a confiança, que Deus infunde em nosso iÌ?ntimo, de que nos destina aÌ? felicidade na comunhaÌ?o plena com ele e os irmaÌ?os. Cercado de uma hora para outra por peluÌ?cia cor-de-rosa, kitsch ateÌ? naÌ?o poder mais e com o raÌ?dio a toda, o rapaz ficou impossiÌ?vel. E daÌ? sinais de que arte moderna eÌ? com ele mesmo.
+ Da «AgeÌ?ncia Dinheiro Vivo»
+De outro lado, poreÌ?m, o segundo documento divulgado pelos representantes da Igreja CatoÌ?lica poderia ser classificado como profundamente lastimaÌ?vel. De fato, o texto faz uma veemente condenaçaÌ?o das campanhas que incentivam o uso de preservativos como forma de evitar a disseminaçaÌ?o da Aids, a uÌ?nica forma realista e relativamente segura de prevençaÌ?o. Em seu lugar, os religiosos sugerem, candidamente, que as pessoas se abstenham do sexo fora do casamento.
+ Do enviado especial
+Fazem amor nas nuvens. Nascem vaÌ?rios filhos. Aditivo STP chega atraveÌ?s da Petroplus
+Por US$ 94, o viajante pode se hospedar no The Plaza, em Honolulu. Para quem quer o conforto de um resort na praia, a Elantur oferece o Halekulani em Honolulu. A diaÌ?ria em apartamento duplo sai por US$ 332.
+ Da Folha Nordeste
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+A temperatura ferve na ItaÌ?lia: quarta-feira eÌ? o dia do terceiro jogo, da seÌ?rie de cinco, das semifinais. O Milan, de Tande, pega o Modena, de MauriÌ?cio, em MilaÌ?o. O Sisley, de NegraÌ?o, enfrenta o Ravenna, de Giovane, em Treviso.
+Abertura da traqueÌ?ia para a colocaçaÌ?o de um tubo para melhorar a entrada de ar nos pulmoÌ?es. Clinton disse que as alteraçoÌ?es teÌ?m por objetivo dar «mais força e vitalidade» a seu governo. Ele estaÌ? em baixa nas pesquisas de opiniaÌ?o puÌ?blica.
+O trabalho do Parlamento exige uma instaÌ?ncia de deliberaçaÌ?o e de execuçaÌ?o. Isso resulta na criaçaÌ?o de um conselho presidido por Salman Rushdie e composto por Adonis (poeta libaneÌ?s), Breyten Breytenbach (escritor sul-africano), Carlos Fuentes (escritor mexicano), Edouard Glissant (escritor martiniqueÌ?s), Jacques Derrida (filoÌ?sofo françeÌ?s), Pierre Bourdieu (socioÌ?logo françeÌ?s), e Toni Morrison (escritora americana). Os aderentes teÌ?m como principios da sua açaÌ?o: a independeÌ?ncia em relaçaÌ?o aos poderes poliÌ?ticos, econoÌ?micos, midiaÌ?ticos e de todas as ortodoxias; o internacionalismo fundado no conhecimento e no reconhecimento da diversidade das tradiçoÌ?es histoÌ?ricas; a dedicaçaÌ?o aÌ?s açoÌ?es universais, concebidas e decididas em comum.
+A SuperintendeÌ?ncia do Ibama no Estado vai solicitar o apoio da PF para impedir a destruiçaÌ?o de manguezais, em Aracaju. Segundo o oÌ?rgaÌ?o, as aÌ?reas estaÌ?o sendo ocupadas por famiÌ?lias desabrigadas para a construçaÌ?o de barracos dando iniÌ?cio a pequenas favelas. Porque, hoje, conseguimos ateÌ? nos aproximar da maneira de jogar dos rapazes, mas naÌ?o perdemos as caracteriÌ?sticas do voÌ?lei feminino, que manteÌ?m ralis de pura emoçaÌ?o.
+EUA, 1961. DireçaÌ?o: Roger Corman. Elenco: Vincent Price, John Kerr, Barbara Steele.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+O secretaÌ?rio de Cultura de SaÌ?o Paulo Ricardo Ohtake estaÌ? gastando US$ 1,7 milhaÌ?o para deixar o puÌ?blico de Campos do JordaÌ?o na situaçaÌ?o desconfortaÌ?vel de ser desafiado em suas convicçoÌ?es. Pelo menos eÌ? uma provocaçaÌ?o gratuita. O puÌ?blico naÌ?o pagaraÌ? nada para assistir aos espetaÌ?culos, como todo ano.
+Ela foi fechada e seus animadores reprimidos pelo prefeito da cidade, que era comunista. Uma das primeiras raÌ?dios livre a funcionarem no Brasil foi a Xilik, em 1985, fundada por alunos da PUC de SaÌ?o Paulo. Foi desligada no mesmo ano pela PoliÌ?cia Federal.
+A Holanda de 74 inovou com movimentaçaÌ?o dos jogadores por vaÌ?rias posiçoÌ?es e pela capacidade deles de atuarem em diversas funçoÌ?es. Ficou conhecida como «Carrossel HolandeÌ?s.»
+Desejo, inicialmente, assinalar a grande mudança ocorrida com o vereador Marcos Cintra. Num debate realizado neste jornal, no iniÌ?cio do ano, entre eu e ele, que eÌ? tambeÌ?m doutor em Economia pela Universidade de Harvard, economizou o seu ardor, aflorado na coluna dominical, possivelmente influenciado pelo conteuÌ?do paradisiÌ?aco de sua proposta, e foi soÌ? candura, abrandando a metodologia rigorosa de sua exposiçaÌ?o. Confesso que fiquei surpreso com a nova feiçaÌ?o violenta adotada pelo vereador.
+ US$ 7.200
+ EmpreÌ?stimos
+ Peso (kg)
+Sua mulher, a cabeleireira Akiko Maura Hayashi, 34, naÌ?o sabe responder qual paiÌ?s estaÌ? sediando a Copa-94:
+Tudo muito bem, tudo muito certo, tudo muito clean, como as ruas de Los Gatos ou o estaÌ?dio de San Diego, onde nem uma ponta de cigarro se via ao longo dos corredores amplos e interminaÌ?veis. Onde jaÌ? se viu um estaÌ?dio de futebol em que se possa servir um jantar franceÌ?s aÌ? luz de vela no chaÌ?o dos corredores que levam aÌ?s cadeiras?
+ SeÌ?, Vila Nova Cachoeirinha= De 8,5 a 10,5
+Educamos e treinamos as pessoas que trabalham na empresa. Estamos procurando processos alternativos de produçaÌ?o que gerem menos resiÌ?duos. Estamos modernizando as instalaçoÌ?es antigas.
+Para chegar ao patrimoÌ?nio, deve-se calcular ativo e passivo (veja quadro ao lado). «O pai iria bancar a moradia em SaÌ?o Paulo e os estudos para ele», disse. Um amigo de Gustavo, que naÌ?o quis se identificar e estudou com ele no curso teÌ?cnico de mecaÌ?nica na Etep (Escola TeÌ?cnica Professor Everardo Passos), disse que o rapaz naÌ?o costumava beber, naÌ?o usava drogas e nem saiÌ?a em turma para barzinhos ou lanchonetes.
+ Murici espera time principal
+Evan -- Elas saÌ?o cool. EÌ? o tiÌ?pico puÌ?blico de rock. VoceÌ? sabe, dos Beatles e Jimi Hendrix.
+Mas no meio de tanto artifiÌ?cio, de cenas grandiloquentes envolvendo multidoÌ?es, Lean era um diretor intimista. Foi no seÌ?culo 17 que a cidade se tornou capital da Espanha. E foi entaÌ?o que Felipe 3º começou a construir «Madrid de los Austrias», começando com a Plaza Mayor (em 1619), onde ele hoje se senta numa estaÌ?tua equestre.
+Folha -- Qual sua posiçaÌ?o frente aÌ? revisaÌ?o constitucional?
+Para FHC, «o PT estaÌ? gastando o tempo ao inveÌ?s de propor o que vai fazer. EstaÌ?o criticando os outros, naÌ?o adianta. Por aiÌ? naÌ?o vai».
+EÌ?tica e poliÌ?tica saÌ?o ontologias porque saÌ?o histoÌ?ricas: concernem ao movimento de constituiçaÌ?o do homem como poteÌ?ncia de liberaçaÌ?o que age no interior de limites (a poteÌ?ncia da Natureza e a poteÌ?ncia dos outros homens limitam a nossa) e de constituiçaÌ?o da multitudo como sociabilidade determinada que funda a poliÌ?tica como liberaçaÌ?o no interior de limites determinados (a poteÌ?ncia da sociedade). Os limites da açaÌ?o saÌ?o determinados (natureza e histoÌ?ria), mas naÌ?o fixos, e a liberdade humana eÌ? a tendeÌ?ncia para afastar e redefinir tais limites. A liberdade eÌ? açaÌ?o.
+ ANA FRANCISCA PONZIO
+Optar por grandes supermercados, que oferecem poucas mordomias, geralmente eÌ? uma boa forma de baratear os custos. Eles naÌ?o oferecem embaladores, carregadores etc., mas, em compensaçaÌ?o, voceÌ? tem a certeza de que estes serviços naÌ?o estaÌ?o incluiÌ?dos nos preços dos produtos. Equipe vai avançar na dolarizaçaÌ?o
+ FERNANDA SCALZO
+Marco AureÌ?lio Alencar disse que «o furo imediato» do banco eÌ? de R$ 800 milhoÌ?es, uma consequeÌ?ncia de resultados operacionais negativos, operaçoÌ?es com prejuiÌ?zo e creÌ?ditos que naÌ?o foram pagos. Ele disse ainda que o banco vinha perdendo mensalmente R$ 35 milhoÌ?es, o que levou a que a necessidade de redesconto passasse de R$ 150 milhoÌ?es para os R$ 515 milhoÌ?es de anteontem. O ministro tambeÌ?m naÌ?o eÌ? afirmativo ao responder quando pretende iniciar a terceira fase do seu plano, na qual se pretende transformar a URV em moeda.
+ Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+ Editor-adjunto de PoliÌ?tica
+Foi lançado ontem, em SaÌ?o Paulo, o 19º AnuaÌ?rio do Clube de CriaçaÌ?o. A publicaçaÌ?o reproduz 427 peças publicitaÌ?rias. O maior nuÌ?mero de premiaçoÌ?es foi registrado na categoria revista (111).
+ Colunista da Folha
+AteÌ? as 17h de ontem, a Defesa Civil de PetroÌ?polis registrava um iÌ?ndice pluviomeÌ?trico de 140 miliÌ?metros. De acordo com a assessora de imprensa da Defesa Civil, Maria Ceres de Oliveira, as equipes da cidade entram em estado de prontidaÌ?o quando o iÌ?ndice ultrapassa os 60 miliÌ?metros. «A partir daiÌ? haÌ? grande risco de desabamentos», disse.
+Chega!
+ Escolas aprovam o 1º fasciÌ?culo do atlas
+«Mas, haÌ? 'nuances' nisso», disse o homem-de-esquerda, treÌ?mulo. «Que veadagem eÌ? essa?
+A maior parte dos presos (88,6%) foram contaminados por uso de drogas injetaÌ?veis. Apenas 1,6% pegou o viÌ?rus na cadeia. Colaborou DANIEL CASTRO, da Reportagem Local
+O Student Travel Bureau (STB) lança no Brasil o The Westminster Serviços de Apartamentos, um complexo de sete edifiÌ?cios em Londres, com apartamentos de um, dois, treÌ?s dormitoÌ?rios e coberturas. As tarifas saÌ?o semanais e custam a partir de US$ 854. Reservas: (011) 887-4242.
+Cipullo viajou aÌ? Espanha oficialmente para acertar a compra do passe do zagueiro CleÌ?ber, do Logro¤es. O preço eÌ? de US$ 1,2 milhaÌ?o (CR$ 2,4 bi) e o Palmeiras vem acertando os uÌ?ltimos detalhes. Na viagem, o dirigente acertou tambeÌ?m um amistoso contra o Deportivo La Coru¤a, time de Bebeto, para a proÌ?xima quinta-feira, no Parque Antarctica, aÌ?s 21h.
+O compulsoÌ?rio (obrigatoriedade de depositar no BC uma parte dos recursos captados) naÌ?o eÌ? uma coisa nova. Ele serve para diminuir o que os economistas chama de multiplicador bancaÌ?rio. Se o compulsoÌ?rio naÌ?o existisse, os bancos poderiam «criar dinheiro».
+ Erik Comas 1
+nov.1910 a 15. nov.1914
+CafeiÌ?na, nicotina, aÌ?lcool, oÌ?pio, maconha, cocaiÌ?na. Aparentemente, naÌ?o tem saiÌ?da: sem algum tipo de droga, o homem naÌ?o vive. O que seria das impolutas criaturas que naÌ?o conseguem dormir sem um soniÌ?fero nem encarar rebordosas sem um Lexotan?
+Nordmann -- Corresponde a uma declaraçaÌ?o que jaÌ? havia feito o ex-presidente Georges Pompidou e que foi usada pela defesa de Touvier. Acho que o juÌ?ri fez muito bem em desconsiderar esse argumento sem nenhum valor, que ofende aos franceses. Os colaboracionistas foram poucos, principalmente nos uÌ?ltimos anos da ocupaçaÌ?o, e devem ser julgados.
+AleÌ?m disso, jaÌ? perceberam por aqui que naÌ?o se avança na soluçaÌ?o dos problemas da miseÌ?ria sem sanear as finanças puÌ?blicas, equilibrar as contas do Estado e liberar o poder puÌ?blico daquilo em que ele naÌ?o deve se meter para que ele possa cuidar de forma adequada do que interessa, que saÌ?o os grandes problemas sociais. Grupos homossexuais britaÌ?nicos pressionam o governo para aceitar relaçoÌ?es homossexuais «estaÌ?veis» como suficiente para garantir ao parceiro estrangeiro o direito de permanecer no paiÌ?s. Hoje em dia, somente quando o parceiro britaÌ?nico tem Aids ou doença relacionada a Aids o parceiro estrangeiro recebe permissaÌ?o para continuar no Reino Unido.
+ Especial para a Folhinha
+ Renda: CR$ 3.706.200,00
+Tento enriquecer o oÌ?bvio dessas consideraçoÌ?es, a meu ver automaÌ?ticas. O que me espanta, nessa coleçaÌ?o de Freud, eÌ? o seguinte: na sua mesa de trabalho, ele punha fileiras e mais fileiras de estatuetas. Escrevia seus estudos diante de uma multidaÌ?o de deuses egiÌ?pcios.
+Sem dormir a coisa complica muito. A limpeza foi acompanhada pelo administrador regional da SeÌ?, Vitor David. Segundo ele, os sem-teto fazem muita sujeira.
+ BulgaÌ?ria bate Brasil na final, diz vidente
+ Quanto: R$ 10,00
+Enquanto os dois diretores de torcida elogiavam a segurança da partida, nas arquibancadas os torcedores repetiam velhos gritos de guerra. «TimaÌ?o, eÌ?, oÌ?» gritavam os corintianos. «OleÌ?, porco», respondiam os palmeirenses.
+E para comemorar a segunda colocaçaÌ?o do piloto e da escuderia italiana, centenas de torcedores invadiram a pista com bandeiras da Ferrari. Noite de nuÌ?pcias eÌ? um sacrifiÌ?cio
+O juiz, Vega Manuel Dias, deu treÌ?s cartoÌ?es amarelos para os sauditas e dois para os holandeses. Ele foi bem. O seu uÌ?nico erro foi exigir maca para retirar qualquer jogador que caiÌ?sse, mesmo que estivesse a poucos metros da linha lateral.
+Gols... Ele criticou ainda que o AnhangabauÌ? naÌ?o dispoÌ?e de banheiros puÌ?blicos para grandes multidoÌ?es. «Isso motiva os baderneiros a atirarem garrafas com urina sobre o puÌ?blico», acrescentou.
+ ProfissaÌ?o: advogado e professor universitaÌ?rio
+O candidato Marcello Alencar (PSDB) e seu filho Marco AureÌ?lio saÌ?o investigados por supostas operaçoÌ?es financeiras irregulares que teriam causado prejuiÌ?zo de US$ 13,4 milhoÌ?es ao Banerj (Banco do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). As aplicaçoÌ?es foram feitas pela Prefeitura do Rio entre outubro de 90 e setembro de 91. Alencar era o prefeito, e seu filho, assessor financeiro.
+ Moto japonesa tem bom desempenho e vocaçaÌ?o para fazer longas viagens, a exemplo das Harley-Davidson
+ China reconstroÌ?i casas de opositores
+Segundo SeÌ?rgio Orciuolo, diretor, o Mappin pratica tambeÌ?m o crediaÌ?rio em ateÌ? cinco vezes, com juros de 3,5% a 9%. A recuperaçaÌ?o das vendas aÌ? prazo, no entanto, deve estimular tambeÌ?m o uso dos preÌ?-datados, que despencou ateÌ? junho deste ano. Reinaldo Calçade, gerente de marketing da Goodcheck, diz que os niÌ?veis de 93 quando os preÌ?-datados chegaram a representar 56% dos cheques dados ao comeÌ?rcio naÌ?o devem se repetir.
+DuraçaÌ?o: 95 minutos. Data: 1963. A eleiçaÌ?o de um novo papa em Roma causa confusoÌ?es e discussoÌ?es entre os participantes.
+ * Quando naÌ?o souber responder a uma pergunta diga a verdade e sugira procurar a resposta junto com a criança
+Depois vai aos EUA da eÌ?poca da corrida ao Oeste: Wyatt Earp (voceÌ? naÌ?o veraÌ? no filme com Kevin Costner) e Bat Masterson eram «habitueÌ?s». Quando Murphy chega aos tempos modernos, voceÌ? logo lamenta que o livro seja taÌ?o curto. Poderia ser uma enciclopeÌ?dia e os leitores dela seriam bem mais numerosos que os da «Britannica».
+Polegar, segundo a poliÌ?cia, teria sido um traficante vinculado ao Comando Vermelho, mas se aliou recentemente ao Terceiro Comando. As duas organizaçoÌ?es tentam dominar o crime organizado nas favelas do Rio. O comandante do 4º BPM (BatalhaÌ?o da PoliÌ?cia Militar), tenente-coronel LaeÌ?rcio Pacheco, afirmava ontem que a poliÌ?cia vai continuar fazendo operaçoÌ?es no morro da Mangueira.
+ Holanda afirma que subestimou aÌ?rabes
+ Finalistas teÌ?m defesa forte e os pivoÌ?s Olajuwon e Ewing como destaques
+Ela se espalha entre amigos, parentes, escolas, igrejas e ateÌ? delegacias de poliÌ?cia. O Department of Law Enforcement, que vigia o cumprimento das leis nos EUA, admite o envolvimento de pelo menos 20 xerifes de vaÌ?rias cidades na «Friends Network». Ele preveÌ? a transformaçaÌ?o da BoÌ?snia numa confederaçaÌ?o, com uma parte controlada pelos seÌ?rvios e outra por uma federaçaÌ?o unindo croatas e muçulmanos.
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Santos
+em campo aberto, ou numa emboscada;
+«A seleçaÌ?o precisa melhorar muito se naÌ?o quiser passar pelo mesmo sufoco de novo.»
+OfiÌ?cio nº 893/94 -- BrasiÌ?lia, 10 de maio de 1994. Ieltsin pede aÌ? Duma pacto de estabilidade
+ Parte do sucesso se deve ao novo motor Ford
+Os dois gols do Guarani no primeiro jogo da final, por exemplo, saiÌ?ram de faltas cobradas em consequeÌ?ncia dessa lei. Outras regras testadas saÌ?o a cobrança do lateral com os peÌ?s, a reduçaÌ?o da aÌ?rea onde vale a lei do impedimento e o uso do cartaÌ?o azul, que força a substituiçaÌ?o do jogador que foi punido. Nas proÌ?ximas semanas, a FPF deve fazer uma reuniaÌ?o com teÌ?cnicos, juiÌ?zes e jogadores que atuaram na competiçaÌ?o para elaborar um relatoÌ?rio com opinioÌ?es sobre as regras testadas.
+Os proÌ?ximos dias e meses diraÌ?o qual foi a visaÌ?o acertada: a da crise light ou a de la France eÌ?ternelle, prostrada por seus mortos em Verdun. Alta em Belo Horizonte eÌ? de 41,7% na 1.ª quadrissemana
+Dezembro de 1994 marca o centenaÌ?rio da morte de Robert Louis Stevenson, autor de livros claÌ?ssicos como «A Ilha do Tesouro» e «O MeÌ?dico e o Monstro». Stevenson eÌ? um escritor que viveu como personagem. Nasceu em Edimburgo, a capital da EscoÌ?cia, em 1850, e, doente, viveu seus uÌ?ltimos dez anos na PolineÌ?sia.
+Os bancos reduziram a taxa paga na operaçaÌ?o CDB-CDI para compensar a perda com a queda da inflaçaÌ?o e dos juros. O vendor eÌ? uma alternativa de fuga aÌ? elevaçaÌ?o do spread, uma transaçaÌ?o entre o fornecedor e o comprador, com o banco servindo de intermediador. A garantia dada pelo vendedor reduz o risco e, assim, o custo do empreÌ?stimo.
+As concessionaÌ?rias de veiÌ?culos de SaÌ?o JoseÌ? do Rio Preto (SP) estaÌ?o dando descontos de ateÌ? 25% para «queimar» os estoques de modelos 93. A ideÌ?ia eÌ? vender o pouco que sobrou para renovar os modelos. Segundo Roberto Kawaguchi, 53, gerente de vendas da distribuidora Cosvel-Ford, o mercado se retraiu em janeiro por causa da ciranda financeira.
+A versaÌ?o da medida provisoÌ?ria da URV remetida ao Congresso omite revelaçoÌ?es contidas na exposiçaÌ?o de motivos distribuiÌ?da aÌ? imprensa. Nesta, fica claro que o real teraÌ? como lastro as reservas cambiais e açoÌ?es das estatais. Medida poleÌ?mica
+A Volkswagen prepara para outubro, na Alemanha, o lançamento do novo Polo alemaÌ?o, que deve ocorrer simultaneamente ao iniÌ?cio de vendas do novo Gol nacional. O modelo brasileiro tem projeto inspirado na nova versaÌ?o do Polo. «A Sena, bem como outras loterias, eÌ? muito mais complicada.
+A legislaçaÌ?o tolera erros de no maÌ?ximo 1%. Sutherland, jovem meio infantil e faÌ? de rock, apaixona-se por garota surda, poreÌ?m decidida a fazer dele um homem. Em todo o caso, conforme o rock, vale a pena ser surda.
+Duas semanas depois, no dia 20 de dezembro, finalmente foi oficializada a decisaÌ?o. E hoje aÌ? meia-noite eÌ? a sessaÌ?o mais descolada de «ImpeÌ?rio das Meias Verdades». Vai todo mundo que perdeu a estreÌ?ia.
+Ontem, o uÌ?nico pefelista que saiu em defesa de FHC foi o deputado LuiÌ?s Eduardo MagalhaÌ?es (PFL-BA). «Se o candidato ficar fora de BrasiÌ?lia, os jornais tambeÌ?m vaÌ?o falar mal». Guarani
+«AÌ? Mesa com Monet», de Claire Joyes. SupervisaÌ?o das receitas de Giverny de Joel Robuchon e fotos de Jean Bernard Naudin. Acordo inviabiliza programa do PT
+Naquele tempo, o filho adulterino naÌ?o podia ser registrado. Mesmo assim, um despacho de Hungria assegurou-lhe o direito de participar da guarda de Terezoca. Narrados tais fatos no livro e lembrados por mim, nesta coluna, foram inuÌ?meras as pessoas que me falaram da surpresa de ver o nome de Hungria ligado ao de Assis Chateaubriand, num episoÌ?dio marcado por muitas duÌ?vidas eÌ?ticas.
+ NELSON BLECHER
+ MARIANA SCALZO ; LUIÌ?S PEREZ
+JuÌ?lia Lemmertz e Alexandre Borges estreÌ?iam dia 1º de setembro, no teatro Ruth Escobar (sala Dina Sfat), a adaptaçaÌ?o para os palcos do filme «Eu Sei Que Vou Te Amar», de Arnaldo Jabor. O casal que interpretou recentemente o par romaÌ?ntico da novela «Guerra Sem Fim», na Manchete protagoniza a montagem dirigida por William Pereira e produzida por Suzana Villas Boas. Perguntar-se-aÌ?, mas que «liçaÌ?o», num autor que abomina a «tese» e o didatismo, ensinar o queÌ??
+Depois das maÌ?es sexagenaÌ?rias, o proÌ?ximo passo poleÌ?mico da cieÌ?ncia da reproduçaÌ?o humana provavelmente seraÌ? a fabricaçaÌ?o de geÌ?meos ideÌ?nticos de proveta sob encomenda. A tecnologia estaÌ? quase pronta, como demonstrou a divulgaçaÌ?o em outubro passado do primeiro caso de clonagem de embrioÌ?es humanos. E se existem mulheres que querem ser maÌ?es aos 60 anos, e meÌ?dicos como o italiano Severino Antinori dispostos a satisfazer esse capricho, certamente existiraÌ?o aquelas que vaÌ?o encomendar geÌ?meos ideÌ?nticos a meÌ?dicos interessados em vender esse serviço.
+A tradiçaÌ?o, no entanto, jogou as assombraçoÌ?es para o lado do fantaÌ?stico, como em «A Queda da Casa de Usher», de Jean Epstein (1928). A fusaÌ?o foi uma intervençaÌ?o autoritaÌ?ria do regime militar. Juntou de forma arbitraÌ?ria e sem planejamento, numa operaçaÌ?o de casuiÌ?smo poliÌ?tico, uma cidade-Estado que mal ou bem se mantinha em peÌ? e tratava de buscar um novo modelo de desenvolvimento, com um Estado falido e uma economia arcaica.
+«Se voceÌ? realmente fosse criança, uma verdadeira criança, em vez de preocupar-se com o que naÌ?o pode fazer, contemplaria a criaçaÌ?o em sileÌ?ncio. E se habituaria a olhar calmamente o mundo, a natureza, a histoÌ?ria, o ceÌ?u.»
+ percurso entre o viaduto Liberdade e o metroÌ? TatuapeÌ?: 12 minutos
+tel. 257-9354
+ CARLOS EDUARDO ALVES
+«Na minha atividade poliÌ?tica, descobri que voceÌ? pode fazer uma opçaÌ?o pelos pobres sem fazer coisas que sabe de antemaÌ?o que saÌ?o difiÌ?ceis de dar certo», acrescentou Lula. (JoseÌ? Geraldo Couto)
+Apesar disso, Beth naÌ?o estaÌ? inteiramente satisfeita com o desempenho do Brasil. «O meio-campo estaÌ? meio sem suingue.»
+PoreÌ?m, mais da metade (13 mil) foi comprada com US$ 130 mil obtidos graças a um show da cantora Daniela Mercury. AteÌ? as 19h de ontem, a coordenaçaÌ?o da campanha naÌ?o tinha um balanço das doaçoÌ?es no interior do Estado. SoÌ? havia informaçoÌ?es sobre cidades que conseguiram poucas doaçoÌ?es.
+Somos todos negros na alma... O paÌ?ncreas desses diabeÌ?ticos naÌ?o deixa de produzir insulina, mas o organismo fica mais resistente aÌ? açaÌ?o do hormoÌ?nio. Obesidade, niÌ?veis elevados de colesterol e trigliceÌ?rides (gorduras) e vida sedentaÌ?ria dificultam o trabalho da insulina nesses pacientes.
+Janete, NaÌ?dia, Branca, VaÌ?nias, Marta e muitas garotas que estaÌ?o se projetando tambeÌ?m naÌ?o fazem o show?
+Ele eÌ? acusado de exerciÌ?cio ilegal da medicina e de falsificar documentos. Miere se dizia cliÌ?nico geral e se passava tambeÌ?m por ginecologista. Ele afirmou que naÌ?o cobrava consultas e que praticava a medicina por «hobby».
+A Folha apurou que partiu da Argentina a pressaÌ?o para a criaçaÌ?o de um cronograma de adequaçaÌ?o para exceçoÌ?es. Uma das novidades do novo iÌ?ndice da Fipe eÌ? a inclusaÌ?o de bens de consumo duraÌ?veis e utilidades domeÌ?sticas, o que deve acrescer em 200 o nuÌ?mero de novos produtos no IPC. A comparaçaÌ?o entre a nova estrutura de peso e a atual deve ser feita com cuidado, recomenda Juarez Rizzieri, coordenador do IPC.
+Em pronunciamento oficial nas emissoras locais de TV, o governador de Pernambuco, Joaquim Francisco (PFL), anunciou ontem que vai permanecer no cargo ateÌ? o final de seu mandato. Ele era cotado para concorrer aÌ? CaÌ?mara. No pronunciamento o governador disse que naÌ?o abre maÌ?o do mandato «para dar continuidade» aÌ?s obras que realiza.
+ Ex-presidente descarta acordo com senador gauÌ?cho e afirma que disputa seraÌ? resolvida pela bancada do partido
+E aleÌ?m de US$ 500 ateÌ? US$ 1.000, 20%. E depois de US$ 1.000, 50%. «Acreditamos que a responsabilidade por essas crianças naÌ?o pertence soÌ? ao Estado e que temos de tomar tambeÌ?m as iniciativas», afirma a pedagoga Sybele Braga, 48, presidente do Mais (Movimento de AçaÌ?o Integrada de AssisteÌ?ncia), a associaçaÌ?o dos voluntaÌ?rios que atuam na Febem.
+No iniÌ?cio de junho, participava com 80%. «A venda aÌ? vista caiu pela metade.»
+As engarrafadoras da Pepsi-Cola na Argentina e em Porto Rico compraram 20 linhas completas de engarrafamento da Krones S.A. Porta fechada
+O enxadrista russo disse que pensa em deixar os tabuleiros. Na sua intervençaÌ?o, disse que «noÌ?s, no Brasil, sentimos de maneira consistente que nossas crianças e nossa juventude saÌ?o o mais precioso e inestimaÌ?vel bem» do paiÌ?s e reconheceu seus inuÌ?meros problemas. Segundo sua avaliaçaÌ?o depois do encontro, com exceçaÌ?o do CanadaÌ?, esses problemas saÌ?o similares em todos os outros paiÌ?ses, inclusive os EUA.
+Frente OposiçaÌ?o Sempre informa: aderi!
+ Banco Seller sofre liquidaçaÌ?o extrajudicial
+NaÌ?o, naÌ?o sou taÌ?o ruim assim. Pelo menos uma coisa digo: nenhum verdadeiro faÌ? do Led Zeppelin perde por esperar. MEGAOBRAS DE MALUF ESTAÌ?O EMPERRADAS, LUIS HENRIQUE AMARAL (Da Reportagem Local)
+O atacante se destacou no AmeÌ?rica de Rio Preto. Em 1993, foi vendido por US$ 300 mil ao Guarani, time no qual jogou o Brasileiro 93 e o Paulista deste ano. Leia trechos da entrevista que CloÌ?vis concedeu, por telefone, aÌ? Folha, de Portugal.
+O jornal britaÌ?nico tambeÌ?m cita analistas para quem a lei eÌ? importante para conter abusos, principalmente depois de cinco anos de desregulamentaçaÌ?o, quando o governo reduziu o controle sobre a economia. No JudiciaÌ?rio, galgaram as suas instaÌ?ncias, cabendo ao STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça), uÌ?ltima instaÌ?ncia de interpretaçaÌ?o da legislaçaÌ?o infraconstitucional, decidir de forma paciÌ?fica que a competeÌ?ncia atribuiÌ?da aos Estados para, na auseÌ?ncia de lei complementar necessaÌ?ria aÌ? instituiçaÌ?o do ICMS, celebrarem conveÌ?nio para regular provisoriamente o mencionado imposto, restringe-se aÌ?s lacunas existentes e aÌ?s mateÌ?rias legais naÌ?o recepcionadas pela ConstituiçaÌ?o. Recentemente, o DiaÌ?rio da Justiça, publicou decisaÌ?o da 1ª Turma do STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) que, aÌ? unanimidade, acolheu a tese da vigeÌ?ncia do decreto-lei nº 406/68.
+Em novembro de 93 houve 609 desses homiciÌ?dios no Estado, contra 681 registrados em 94. O maior aumento foi registrado nos sequestros: 23 em novembro, contra 2 em setembro e 11 em outubro (em novembro do ano passado houve sete). Foi mantida a tendeÌ?ncia de crescimento dos assaltos a bancos (41 em setembro, 44 em outubro e 46 em novembro).
+ GABRIEL AUGUSTO GODOY
+ RENATO MONDOLESI VILAS BOAS
+A maioria dos casos envolve conveÌ?nios que eliminaram ou limitaram a cobertura de trabalhadores infectados. Muitas empresas da aÌ?rea da sauÌ?de alegam na Justiça que teÌ?m o direito de limitar ou negar a cobertura da Aids. Banco isenta pagamento do IPMF em CDB
+Segundo o TSE, se o Congresso naÌ?o aprovar ateÌ? segunda a lei que preveÌ? duas urnas na eleiçaÌ?o, naÌ?o daraÌ? mais tempo para fabricaÌ?-las. «EleiçaÌ?o com uma urna soÌ? seraÌ? um caos», diz o presidente do tribunal, SepuÌ?lveda Pertence. Filas recordes
+DistribuiçaÌ?o: International Classics (tel. 011/288-5588)
+sobre «Top Gun -- Ases IndomaÌ?veis» (Tony Scott, 1986), em «1.001 Noites no Cinema», de Pauline Kael
+A direçaÌ?o do coleÌ?gio recorreu da decisaÌ?o ao STJ, pedindo a reforma da decisaÌ?o da Justiça mineira com o argumento de que o desconto fora revogado por leis e decretos mais recentes. Por unanimidade, a terceira turma do STJ acompanhou o voto do relator do processo, ministro Eduardo Ribeiro, e deu razaÌ?o aÌ? escola mineira. Antes do atentado, Gerry Adams, o principal liÌ?der do Sinn Fein, pediu a manifestantes que saiam aÌ?s ruas e exijam que os britaÌ?nicos deixem a Irlanda do Norte.
+Dois assaltantes foram presos no fim-de-semana acusados de roubar dez taloÌ?es de cheques e cem cartoÌ?es magneÌ?ticos de uma ageÌ?ncia do Banco do Brasil em Porto Velho. Vanderlei Cruz Melo, 19, e C.C.M., 14, saÌ?o acusados de arrombar o banco. Os dois foram presos quando pagavam compras em um supermercado.
+Segundo a psicoÌ?loga Roberta Tito Pereira, 27, que presta assisteÌ?ncia a adolescentes viciados em drogas, o alcoolismo «eÌ? uma doença que torna a pessoa socialmente improdutiva». Ele se diz injustiçado pela imprensa que, na suas visaÌ?o, estaria generosa demais com Fernando Henrique. Com o tempo, imagina, ganharia espaço na imprensa aÌ? medida que sua candidatura demonstrasse desempenho.
+ Santa Catarina 2
+ * Laços -- NuÌ?cleo de Estudos e Reciclagem da FamiÌ?lia
+Trisha -- Sempre tive um cuidado especial com a muÌ?sica. No começo de minha carreira, quando eu fazia as «equipment pieces», no fim dos anos 60, começo dos 70, noÌ?s caminhaÌ?vamos pelas paredes dos edifiÌ?cios e, obviamente, naÌ?o usaÌ?vamos muÌ?sica, porque ficaria parecendo um espectaÌ?culo de Walt Disney. Na eÌ?poca, eu procurava explorar os sons ambientais, os ruiÌ?dos dos equipamentos que utilizaÌ?vamos.
+O Dersa esperava movimento de 3.600 carros por hora durante a tarde. O estudante Milton Adalberto, 18, foi o caso mais grave. Sofreu afundamento de malar (osso da face) e fratura do nariz.
+Foi como se baixasse o santo de Garrincha em cima de todos.»
+«Nos dias de rodiÌ?zio, encho a piscina de plaÌ?stico das minhas filhas de aÌ?gua, dou banho nelas e uso o que sobra para regar as begoÌ?nias e bromeÌ?lias que tenho em casa.»
+Os assaltantes, armados de revoÌ?lveres e pistolas, chegaram ao hotel aÌ?s 23h15. O segurança Luiz Antonio Dantas, 37, e o mensageiro Silvano PerpeÌ?tuo Joana, 40, foram rendidos. Dantas entregou seu revoÌ?lver Rossi, calibre 38, e abriu o cofre.
+Monk -- VaÌ?rias. «`Round Midnight» eÌ? certamente uma delas. Algumas muÌ?sicas simplesmente mergulham diretamente dentro das pessoas, e Thelonious tem inuÌ?meras muÌ?sicas que saÌ?o assim.
+O empresaÌ?rio ErmiÌ?nio Dacas disse que pretende deixar o Rio de Janeiro, onde mora haÌ? 30 anos. Dacas planeja voltar para Santa Maria (RS), cidade em que nasceu e eÌ? proprietaÌ?rio de terras propiÌ?cias ao cultivo de arroz. Festival original reuniu 400 mil
+ ONDE ENCONTRAR
+As usinas da regiaÌ?o Centro-Sul produziram 8 bilhoÌ?es de litros de aÌ?lcool hidratado ateÌ? dezembro de 1993, com queda de 1,6% em relaçaÌ?o aos 8,1 bilhoÌ?es de litros obtidos ateÌ? igual meÌ?s de 1992. O dado eÌ? da AIAA (AssociaçaÌ?o das InduÌ?strias de AçuÌ?car e Alcool do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo), que apurou uma produçaÌ?o total (anidro mais hidratado) de 10,4 bilhoÌ?es de litros de aÌ?lcool, volume 3,1% superior ao resultado obtido ateÌ? dezembro de 1992. Quanto ao produto anidro, foram produzidos ateÌ? dezembro 2,4 bilhoÌ?es de litros, com crescimento de 22,8% em relaçaÌ?o ao resultado anterior.
+Agradeço muito as mensagens de Boas Festas. Desejo que todos os leitores, incluiÌ?dos aqueles a quem desagradei, aceitem sentir-se pessoalmente abraçados por mim. Feliz Natal.
+JoseÌ? Sarney escreve aÌ?s sextas-feiras nesta coluna. Ainda na aÌ?rea de segurança, a empresa estaÌ? lançando o programa «Norton DiskLock 3.0 for Windows». EÌ? um produto para controle de acesso ao disco riÌ?gido.
+ Ingressos: R$ 15,00 (setor 3), R$ 25,00 (setor 2), R$ 35,00 (setor 1) e R$ 40,00 (camarote)
+ MARCEL PLASSE
+A realizaçaÌ?o da convençaÌ?o do partido em SaÌ?o Caetano eÌ? uma resposta ao «fracasso» das administraçoÌ?es do PT na regiaÌ?o. TEST DRIVE
+ Cobrança total
+NaÌ?o estaÌ?o incluiÌ?dos gastos com aquisiçoÌ?es. Como informaçoÌ?es incidentais a este jogo de xadrez temos as notiÌ?cias de que a Comunidade EuropeÌ?ia busca maior aproximaçaÌ?o com o Mercosul e, em contrapartida, os Estados Unidos devem anunciar neste final de semana que o Chile estaraÌ? sendo considerado para integraçaÌ?o raÌ?pida junto ao Nafta (acordo de livre comeÌ?rcio da AmeÌ?rica do Norte). HaÌ? um aspecto que merece ser saudado na CuÌ?pula das AmeÌ?ricas.
+O Plano real, para funcionar, tem que manter o Brasil em estado cataleÌ?ptico!
+O Tribunal Regional Eleitoral de SaÌ?o Paulo jaÌ? colocou aÌ? disposiçaÌ?o dos eleitores do Estado o telefone (011) 277-1033. Nesse nuÌ?mero, o eleitor pode tirar duÌ?vidas sobre a eleiçaÌ?o como o local em que deve votar, como fazer para justificar auseÌ?ncia, como votar tendo perdido o tiÌ?tulo e outras. Pasadena sonha com a 'invasaÌ?o' brasileira
+ (FR)
+«Na oportunidade, o Marcelinho naÌ?o estava em campo», despista o treinador. «Mas nada impede que os jogadores façam alteraçoÌ?es», disse. CONTROLE
+O presidente da Fenaj (FederaçaÌ?o Nacional dos Jornalistas), AmeÌ?rico Antunes, deveraÌ? chegar hoje a BeleÌ?m, em companhia do assessor juriÌ?dico da entidade, JoseÌ? Pinto. «Estava escrito no começo do caminho: isto naÌ?o eÌ? possiÌ?vel», diz. «Onde estava escrito isto?», pergunta o mestre.
+ O impasse cambial
+«Excetuando-se Belo Horizonte (MG), nas outras capitais soÌ? de 10% a 15% dos ex-jogadores e ex-dirigentes se elegem», afirma. (MMg)
+Para secretaÌ?rio-geral foi eleito Benedito Domingos Mariano, diretor do Centro Santo Dias de Direitos Humanos, de SaÌ?o Paulo. Sonho de consumo dura pouco na periferia
+ Editor-chefe do NP
+«NaÌ?o adianta julgar a culpa um no outro». Begley -- Adoro Ben e naÌ?o gosto de mim. Folha -- Por queÌ??
+As cidades do litoral norte esperam receber um milhaÌ?o de turistas. Em Ilhabela, integrantes da NeneÌ? de Vila Matilde, de SaÌ?o Paulo, desfilam na segunda-feira. O enredo da escola eÌ? «BiraÌ?-Ique», que fala de Ilhabela.
+Moura, 40, eÌ? roteirista, jornalista e assina a coluna «Conjunto Nacional», da «Folha da Tarde». Este eÌ? o seu terceiro livro e foi escrito em apenas um meÌ?s. «EÌ? uma homenagem bem-humorada ao casamento gay», diz.
+O lance do gol aconteceu aos 8min do primeiro tempo. Aproveitando uma falha da zaga do Ituano, Monga se livrou da marcaçaÌ?o e cruzou para Renato marcar. Tomada de posiçaÌ?o
+Folha -- VoceÌ? tambeÌ?m tomou porre para comemorar o tetra?
+Mais do que apenas inoportuna, de fato, a medida parece uma provocaçaÌ?o deliberada. Afinal, eÌ? precisamente em meio ao delicado debate sobre a conversaÌ?o dos salaÌ?rios para a URV que os deputados concedem a si proÌ?prios um aumento de mais de 23% em URVs. MaÌ?o-de-obra infantil daraÌ? multa de R$ 3 mil em SP
+ De Washington
+ De Londres
+Eles visitariam o Cabo Haitiano e Porto PriÌ?ncipe, centros da operaçaÌ?o militar. EstaÌ?o no paiÌ?s cerca de 8.400 militares, e o contingente total da operaçaÌ?o deveria atingir 15 mil homens neste fim-de-semana. «Takeover» cria gigante do entretenimento
+A leitora Neusa Maria T.C. Freire, moradora do bairro Planalto Paulista (zona sul), conta que a Sabesp, para reparar um vazamento em sua rua, quebrou a calçada e parte da rua. Ela reclama da demora da Sabesp em efetuar a reposiçaÌ?o da via. «O problema começou em junho, quando foi detectado um grande vazamento na rua em que moro.
+A acusaçaÌ?o pediu e o juÌ?ri confirmou ontem a absolviçaÌ?o de Breno Gustavo Santiago Martins, 19, um dos acusados de participar da morte do estudante Marco AntoÌ?nio Velasco, 16, em agosto do ano passado. Depois de oito horas de julgamento (o mais raÌ?pido deste processo), Breno deixou o Tribunal de JuÌ?ri do DF (Distrito Federal) no carro dos pais e sob aplausos de parentes e amigos. A famiÌ?lia de Marco AntoÌ?nio foi embora antes da leitura da sentença.
+ OperaçaÌ?o com EletrobraÌ?s movimenta cerca de R$ 500 milhoÌ?es na Bolsa paulista; BC vende tiÌ?tulos de curto prazo
+ Sharp lança nova calculadora cientiÌ?fica
+"Prezado N., nesta hora em que muitos se atiram sobre voceÌ?, como feras acossando o fraÌ?gil cordeirinho (a comparaçaÌ?o eÌ? forçada; como sabemos, voceÌ? estaÌ? muito mais para fera do que para cordeirinho), permita-me escrever-lhe para expressar mais uma vez minha gratidaÌ?o e minha solidariedade. Segure bem seu topete, Itamar -- uma nova brisa poliÌ?tica estaÌ? fazendo tremular a bandeira do orgulho gay. David Drew Zingg, 70, eÌ? colunista da Ilustrada.
+ Quanto: a partir de US$ 1.500
+PoreÌ?m, uma vez que Jorge Molder aquele fotoÌ?grafo que iraÌ? expor na proÌ?xima Bienal proclama que atualmente usamos apenas a ponta dos dedos, o CD nos cai como uma luva, e tal conjunto de antologias talvez tenha seu momento. Aos ouvintes neoÌ?fitos, podem servir uma ou outra das manjadas coletaÌ?neas «Caminhos», «Metamorfose Ambulante», «Os Grandes Sucessos de Raul Seixas» e «Raul Rock». Aos mais provectos «Raul Rock Vol.
+O eleitor deve entregar seu tiÌ?tulo aÌ? mesa 1 e assinar a lista. O reservatoÌ?rio mais beneficiado pelas chuvas, foi o Rio Grande, com 56,8 miliÌ?metros. O sistema abastece a regiaÌ?o do ABCD.
+Existe outro ponto positivo. A Europa Ocidental estaÌ? começando a sair de uma recessaÌ?o prolongada e muitos hoteÌ?is e restaurantes, tendo sentido o aperto, aprenderam a ser competitivos. Em Madri, por exemplo, alguns hoteÌ?is cinco estrelas abriram maÌ?o de uma de suas estrelas para reduzirem seus preços em ateÌ? 40%.
+A pretexto de combater a inflaçaÌ?o, adotou-se o velho figurino do arrocho monetaÌ?rio, do controle de emissoÌ?es, que deveriam atender aÌ?s necessidades de determinada aÌ?rea. No caso dos agricultores, o MinisteÌ?rio da Fazenda suspendeu a compra das safras de 92 e 93, substituindo essa poliÌ?tica pela mera prorrogaçaÌ?o dos vencimentos dos empreÌ?stimos agriÌ?colas (EGF). Tuberculose cresce em RibeiraÌ?o Preto
+O dia dos ambientalistas no MV Greenpeace começa cedo. Antes das 8h, a maioria dos voluntaÌ?rios jaÌ? acordou. Cada um, incluindo os jornalistas, prepara o seu cafeÌ? e se responsabiliza por lavar xiÌ?caras e pratos.
+Adulto:
+ Da Folha Vale
+ «NaÌ?o eÌ? preciso ser bobo para ser de esquerda»
+«EÌ? um trabalho magniÌ?fico». TraduçaÌ?o de Anastasia Campaneruti
+ SaÌ?vio vence Gralak e Valdo na corrida e bate no canto esquerdo de Ronaldo
+ John Smith, que sofreu ataque cardiÌ?aco aos 55, era favorito para suceder o premieÌ? John Major
+ JaÌ?
+«Nas aulas particulares a gente fica menos constrangido de perguntar», afirma Soares. Ana Catarina Carvalho, 36, tambeÌ?m encontrou nas aulas individualizadas a soluçaÌ?o para se familiarizar rapidamente com o micro e com o processador de textos «Word for Windows 2.0». DecisaÌ?o do juÌ?ri deixa Bobbitt 'estarrecido'.
+FanfarraÌ?o, escreveu para uma amiga italiana dizendo:
+A maioria do teatros ficava na margem sul do rio TaÌ?misa, que servia de aÌ?rea de lazer dos londrinos. LaÌ? estavam as casas de apostas em brigas de animais, bordeÌ?is e tavernas. Para se cruzar o rio usava-se a London Bridge (ponte) ou barcos.
+ Dragster, av. SumareÌ?, 756, tel. (011) 262-9598, zona oeste
+Itamar destacou a «funçaÌ?o nobre», a importaÌ?ncia dos administradores municipais e, por fim, filosofou:
+ Filme celebra centenaÌ?rio do diretor
+Um caminhaÌ?o norte-americano Kennwort, de 560 HP, usado no Brasil para transportar perfuradoras de petroÌ?leo, vai puxar o trio eleÌ?trico, que seraÌ? animado pela banda Pinguim. A montagem do trio eleÌ?trico recebeu investimentos de CR$ 120 milhoÌ?es. Sergipe
+Algumas delas teÌ?m em uma das maÌ?os uma garrafa de plaÌ?stico onde vaÌ?o depositando restos de cerveja das latas ateÌ? obter o suficiente para um bom gole. Simultaneamente, as estatais receberaÌ?o diretrizes do governo federal. «AteÌ? agora a forma de controle foi sempre pontual, sem uma visaÌ?o globalizada.
+Mas observou que somente o andamento regular da açaÌ?o penal poderaÌ? evidenciar se Romano cometeu ou naÌ?o «excessos» no exerciÌ?cio de seu direito de criÌ?tica. O representante do MinisteÌ?rio PuÌ?blico que atua na 8ª CaÌ?mara, Carlos Eduardo Athayde Buono, defendeu a concessaÌ?o do habeas corpus para poÌ?r fim aÌ? açaÌ?o. Ao avaliar a disposiçaÌ?o de consumo, o iÌ?ndice aponta o futuro da economia: o consumo move dois terços da economia dos EUA.
+ZezeÌ? ProcoÌ?pio, sobre sua expulsaÌ?o no jogo Brasil x Tcheco-EslovaÌ?quia, em 38. A memoÌ?ria eÌ? de 16 Mbytes. A MMP tem disco riÌ?gido de 260 Mbytes, dois acionadores de disquetes, CD-ROM regravaÌ?vel e monitor colorido de 17 polegadas.
+ Dos enviados especiais
+Feministas ressacralizando moralisticamente a sexualidade, militantes negros atribuindo culpas coletivas a toda uma raça e homossexuais pensando em recorrer aÌ? censura ou criticando o aborto: nenhum grupo, sexo, minoria ou classe eÌ? inerentemente progressista. A experieÌ?ncia da discriminaçaÌ?o e da opressaÌ?o tampouco gera uma conscieÌ?ncia democraÌ?tica. A democracia eÌ? uma escolha voluntaÌ?ria, naÌ?o um atributo.
+Era uma incoereÌ?ncia em relaçaÌ?o ao discurso de Brizola, que repete sempre que o PT naÌ?o passa de «criaçaÌ?o da direita para dividir o trabalhismo». Perguntado sobre a incongrueÌ?ncia, Darcy resmungou que «naÌ?o eÌ? exatamente isso que Brizola pensa» e em seguida engatou um longo discurso sobre reforma agraÌ?ria, que ateÌ? estourou o tempo limite. Segundo o gerente de logiÌ?stica da empresa, Edmilson Moura, em agosto as vendas foram 20% superiores aos uÌ?ltimos seis meses.
+Raia -- Estamos fazendo um conveÌ?nio com a Escola Paulista de Medicina para assumir o Hospital de Vila Maria (zona leste). E um terceiro entre a Santa Casa de SaÌ?o Paulo e o pronto-socorro do JaçanaÌ? (zona norte). Folha -- Na reforma constitucional, que mudanças o senhor veÌ? necessaÌ?rias na aÌ?rea da SauÌ?de?
+Molder -- No sentido de ir aÌ? raiz. Veja por exemplo o trabalho de Marcel Broodthaers, a quem a Bienal de SaÌ?o Paulo vai homenagear em sala especial. EÌ? um trabalho de herança dadaiÌ?sta e concretista, que a meu ver tem um percurso emblemaÌ?tico.
+A princiÌ?pio, soÌ? poderaÌ? ser cancelada uma nota fiscal se naÌ?o houver data de saiÌ?da no documento. Assim, no cancelamento, deveraÌ?o ser conservadas no talonaÌ?rio todas as vias do documento, com declaraçaÌ?o dos motivos que determinaram o cancelamento, fazendo refereÌ?ncia, se for o caso, ao novo documento emitido. (Fund.
+AleÌ?m disso, em que pese sua inteligeÌ?ncia, a visaÌ?o que Lula tem dos problemas nacionais eÌ? mais intuitiva do que bem informada e mais recheada de preconceitos do que os sindicalistas da geraçaÌ?o posterior. Para o candidato, saÌ?o treÌ?s as fontes de financiamento para criar o «mercado de massas» imaginado pelos petistas: um Estado mais forte para arrecadar, a captaçaÌ?o de investimentos estrangeiros e a aplicaçaÌ?o de recursos por parte do empresariado brasileiro. Na sua pregaçaÌ?o, Lula teve a ajuda do empresaÌ?rio Oded Grajew, organizador dos encontros do candidato do PT com empresaÌ?rios.
+ Da FT
+Fay afirma ter confessado a pichaçaÌ?o sob tortura. Ao anunciar a reduçaÌ?o da pena de Fay, o governo disse que concederia reduçoÌ?es semelhantes para os demais envolvidos no mesmo episoÌ?dio. Shiu e o governo britaÌ?nico jaÌ? pediram clemeÌ?ncia, mas nenhuma decisaÌ?o neste caso foi anunciada ateÌ? agora.
+ Entrada: franca
+ SP Interior 4
+Maria Helena Orth, da Fiesp, fala amanhaÌ? sobre a induÌ?stria e a preservaçaÌ?o do meio ambiente em seminaÌ?rio da CaÌ?mara de ComeÌ?rcio Brasil-França. Zagalo participou de cinco Copas. Venceu quatro.
+Mas qualquer reforma que venha a ser feita seraÌ? insuficiente se naÌ?o se reformar a lei naÌ?o escrita segundo a qual rico naÌ?o paga imposto ou paga muito pouco. NaÌ?o eÌ? uma descoberta recente. Nos 12 meses em que chefiou a Receita Federal, Osiris de Azevedo Lopes Filho naÌ?o parava de falar nessa lista de grandes fortunas que pagam pequenos impostos, agora alçada aÌ?s manchetes.
+«Ao contraÌ?rio do que muitos pensam, o jornalismo naÌ?o eÌ? uma profissaÌ?o romaÌ?ntica. Um dos 'espinhos' da profissaÌ?o eÌ? a perspectiva de uma vida sem grandes ganhos em dinheiro. Para se tornar um bom jornalista eÌ? necessaÌ?rio ter vocaçaÌ?o, gostar de ler, saber se expressar e se manter sempre informado.
+Um motim ocorrido ontem aÌ? tarde na PenitenciaÌ?ria de Segurança MaÌ?xima de Contagem, na regiaÌ?o metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, resultou na morte de um preso. Cerca de 300 soldados do BatalhaÌ?o de Choque invadiram o presiÌ?dio por volta das 15h e conseguiram controlar a situaçaÌ?o. Cresce niÌ?vel de emprego na Grande SP
+Para Maria LuÌ?cia, a pesquisa de Putnam naÌ?o leva em conta tradiçoÌ?es locais -- como a do favor, clientelismo e corporativismo, tiÌ?picas no Brasil -- e traços especiÌ?ficos da atuaçaÌ?o de associaçoÌ?es. «Os movimentos populares, na periferia, podem se esgotar depois de obtido o atendimento de uma reivindicaçaÌ?o as pessoas teÌ?m uma vida aleÌ?m do movimento reivindicatoÌ?rio, que naÌ?o se esgota nele», explica Maria LuÌ?cia. A empresa faliu, em 1983, em meio a denuÌ?ncias de corrupçaÌ?o, apoÌ?s ser contratada pelo extinto IBDF, hoje Ibama, para limpar a parte da aÌ?rea que foi inundada.
+Ela tambeÌ?m tira dos jogadores de defesa a sensaçaÌ?o de impunidade. Eles agora teÌ?m medo de fazer faltas. JaÌ? vi lances em que o marcador tirou o corpo para naÌ?o fazer a 11ª falta e dar ao adversaÌ?rio quase um peÌ?nalti de graça.
+Eu quero mais!»
+E ali mesmo dedicou-a ao pai, o bicheiro LuiÌ?s Drumond, que cumpre pena em NiteroÌ?i (a 15 km do Rio) por formaçaÌ?o de quadrilha armada. O que ainda falta definir
+Eles tiveram dois filhos e viveram juntos meio seÌ?culo. Segundo Leonardo Vilar, quando Maria morreu, haÌ? uns 15 anos, JoseÌ? disse:
+Os cartoÌ?es de creÌ?dito podem ser utilizados. Vasp e Varig aceitam Credicard e Diners; na Transbrasil, Credicard, Diners, American Express e Sollo. Amin e Medeiros teÌ?m 3 dias para se explicar
+Na loteria da disseminaçaÌ?o de um tumor no corpo humano, pelo sangue ou pelos vasos linfaÌ?ticos, as metaÌ?stases podem alojar-se em qualquer oÌ?rgaÌ?o. Neste caso, foi o ceÌ?rebro. Em algumas situaçoÌ?es estas metaÌ?stases naÌ?o teÌ?m indicaçaÌ?o ciruÌ?rgica.
+Como a emissora jaÌ? divulgara que reprisaria o programa no saÌ?bado, Liu Qin pediu o corte das cenas. «Respondi que naÌ?o podia atendeÌ?-la e sugeri que procurasse a direçaÌ?o da Cultura», recorda Maria Cristina. A conversa durou menos que cinco minutos.
+ PLANO MODEÌ?STIA
+Gabriel; Walmir, Carlos Augusto, Renato e Ronaldo Alfredo; Pires, Marcelo Prates, Alberto e Da Guia; Ciro e SiÌ?lvio. InceÌ?ndio destroÌ?i creche em RibeiraÌ?o Preto
+Dentre eles estaÌ?o: Gustavo Rosa, Aldemir Martins, JoaÌ?o Calixto e outros. O principal destaque foram as 120.165 milhoÌ?es de açoÌ?es ON da Cemig (Central EnergeÌ?tica de Minas Gerais), que foram arrematadas pelas corretoras Vega (95%) e Bancocidade (5%) ao preço de R$ 90 por lote de mil tiÌ?tulos, com um aÌ?gio de 27,61% sobre o valor miÌ?nimo de R$ 70,53. A mesma quantidade de papeÌ?is preferenciais dessa empresa foi arrematada pelas corretoras Vega (69,4%), CeÌ?lio Pelajo (30%) e Ativa (o,6%) pelo valor de R$ 96,00, com aÌ?gio de 11,39% sobre o preço miÌ?nimo de R$ 86,18.
+«Siruiz, cadeÌ? a moça virgem?» refereÌ?ncia velada a Diadorim. Dentro da abordagem da autora, tal associaçaÌ?o seria mais do que pertinente, pois a cançaÌ?o, «que poderia ter sido cantada pela minha maÌ?e», compoÌ?e, com as histoÌ?rias de jagunços contadas pelo pai Selorico Mendes, uma espeÌ?cie de antecipaçaÌ?o do proÌ?prio relato do filho. Em outras palavras, a proÌ?pria linguagem, instrumento pelo qual Riobaldo procura compreender-se e diferenciar-se, faz parte da reproduçaÌ?o «natural» da vida e estaÌ? impregnada de um lastro generalizante.
+ VIDA FAÌ?CIL
+Por isso Fernando Henrique pisoteia sobre o seu passado. No mercado cambial, as cotaçoÌ?es do doÌ?lar no paralelo permaneceram as mesmas do dia anterior. (Rodney Vergili)
+O ultra-realismo, a ultra-eficieÌ?ncia desse filme produzem, a todo momento, sutilezas assim. As personagens ficam taÌ?o reais que se tornam ambiÌ?guas; procurar entendeÌ?-las eÌ? um pouco procurar entender o mundo. Em segundo lugar, a experieÌ?ncia nos mostrou que dificilmente se consegue levar a cabo em um mandato o julgamento de uma denuÌ?ncia que voceÌ? faz.
+O inceÌ?ndio atingiu tambeÌ?m a loja Plastiboc, que fica no nuÌ?mero 1.705, entre as outras duas. «SoÌ? deu tempo de retirar o estoque que estava na parte da frente da loja», disse Abde Karan, 41, dono da Plastiboc, loja especializada em tapeçarias e revestimentos sinteÌ?ticos para carros. Parreira -- O presidente da CBF, Ricardo Teixeira, que nos bancou ateÌ? o final, e a famiÌ?lia.
+ Free-lance para a Folha
+ Com baixos volumes de negoÌ?cios, o mercado de açoÌ?es fecha em baixa de 4,85% em SP e de 5,40% no Rio
+ Enviado especial a Ourinhos
+ DireçaÌ?o: MauriÌ?cio Abud
+De acordo com Milan, a data coincide com o periÌ?odo do pagamento de salaÌ?rios. No shopping Ibirapuera, a expectativa eÌ? que as vendas deste ano supere em 15% o que foi vendido no ano passado e atinja US$ 1,5 milhaÌ?o. A previsaÌ?o eÌ? do presidente da AssociaçaÌ?o dos Lojistas, Claudio Garini.
+Sobre a equipe, TeleÌ? fez elogios. «A equipe teve uma atuaçaÌ?o boa. Criou vaÌ?rias oportunidades.
+«Meu Tio», de Jacques Tati, foi feito em 1958 e tem ateÌ? hoje a incontestaÌ?vel vantagem de agradar crianças, adultos e teens. Estes uÌ?ltimos, na verdade, saÌ?o meio jogados aÌ?s calendas nesta eÌ?poca do ano. Seu uÌ?nico refuÌ?gio eÌ? a nova versaÌ?o de «Os TreÌ?s Mosqueteiros».
+ 28/7/93
+De acordo com a legislaçaÌ?o eleitoral, pessoas juriÌ?dicas podem doar ateÌ? 2% de sua receita em 93 ou ateÌ? 300 mil Ufirs (cerca de CR$ 300 milhoÌ?es), o que for maior. A feira oferece ainda artesanato do Nordeste, vinhos de SaÌ?o Roque, queijos de Minas, chocolates, calçados, eletroÌ?nicos e brinquedos, reloÌ?gios e canetas importadas. A FOS eÌ? uma entidade particular fundada em 1963 e mantida com recursos obtidos em feiras.
+Andrade Vieira -- NaÌ?o, a naÌ?o ser pelo que naÌ?o se deve fazer. Eu sou liberal, acho que o governo naÌ?o tem que intervir -- apenas nos desvios que possam acarretar perdas para a populaçaÌ?o. O governo tem que ser um avalista do sistema.
+O pivoÌ? FaÌ?bio AntoÌ?nio Mondanez (2,02 m, 100 kg e 30 anos) eÌ? o uÌ?nico dos 23 jogadores que entram na quadra para a decisaÌ?o de hoje com uma motivaçaÌ?o especial: a chance de conquistar o terceiro tiÌ?tulo paulista consecutivo. FaÌ?bio Pira, como eÌ? conhecido no basquete, ganhou o primeiro da seÌ?rie defendendo o time de Rio Claro, depois se transferiu para Franca, onde conquistou o segundo. «Ainda pretendo ganhar muitos tiÌ?tulos em minha carreira, mas este vai ter um sabor especial», declarou o pivoÌ? em alusaÌ?o aÌ? chance de se sagrar campeaÌ?o pela terceira vez seguida.
+«Eu sou Cauby Peixoto. Lembra de ConceiçaÌ?o?»
+Para quem acha que essa histoÌ?ria de arca de NoeÌ? eÌ? conversa fiada, saiba que no Parque Nacional Aberdare, a cerca de 165 km de NairoÌ?bi, haÌ? um hotel chamado The Ark (A Arca). LaÌ?, saÌ?o os seres humanos que ficam aprisionados -- no hotel -- enquanto os animais passeiam em liberdade. O Fundo Crescinco foi lançado em 18 de janeiro de 1957, e tornou-se capiÌ?tulo fundamental na montagem do moderno mercado de capitais no Brasil.
+Com a vitoÌ?ria, Rider ganhou US$ 20 mil. Em 1991, a regra do impedimento foi alterada. Desde entaÌ?o, contam para tirar o atacante do impedimento os zagueiros que estaÌ?o na mesma linha do que ele.
+Folha -- Viver tanto tempo em funçaÌ?o da seleçaÌ?o naÌ?o exige muito sacrifiÌ?cio?
+O corregedor seraÌ? Edilberto Ferrarini. PeÌ?ricles Caramacho seraÌ? o chefe da PM no interior. Volume total Imposto de Renda sobe 3,38%.
+Meio seÌ?culo depois de sua condenaçaÌ?o e 22 anos apoÌ?s sua morte na miseÌ?ria, Gruninger ainda eÌ? oficialmente um criminoso, diz o «Wall Street», em reportagem de Peter Gumbel. Santa Catarina 2
+ Crime organizado
+Um trauma:
+50% dos homens e 33% das mulheres gostam de receber sexo oral. Ao que parece, dar sexo oral eÌ? menos atraente. 37% dos homens e 19% das mulheres disseram gostar.
+ Aristides diz que organizaçaÌ?o que recebeu dinheiro do exterior perderaÌ? o registro; TSE analisa denuÌ?ncia hoje
+ Especial para a Folha
+ Gastos com vale-alimentaçaÌ?o e vale-transporte podem ser abatidos do Imposto de Renda
+Cientistas indianos do Instituto de CieÌ?ncia de Bangalore, no sul do paiÌ?s, disseram ter desenvolvido uma nova droga para matar o parasita da malaÌ?ria. «AleÌ?m disso, a Portuguesa marcou em cima. Se toquei na bola duas vezes, foi muito», disse ele.
+ FaÌ?bula
+ InceÌ?ndio mata 2 na PoloÌ?nia
+O governo federal tambeÌ?m deve decretar ponto facultativo na sexta, intercalada entre o feriado nacional de 21 de abril e o final de semana. A Liga Profissional Japonesa conta atualmente com dez clubes na J-League, a primeira divisaÌ?o, e tem ainda uma segunda (J1) e uma terceira divisaÌ?o (J2). HaÌ? ainda a «Regional League», que conta com cerca de 45 clubes em cada um dos nove distritos, e 47 «Prefectural Leagues», os campeonatos das proviÌ?ncias.
+Tom naÌ?o daÌ? creÌ?dito aÌ?s cobranças do mercado e tambeÌ?m naÌ?o estaÌ? concedendo entrevistas. EstaÌ? em Nova York. Os 12 bairros alagados abrigam cerca de 60% da populaçaÌ?o de PeruiÌ?be, que eÌ? de 45 mil pessoas.
+Havia apenas uma fugaz sensaçaÌ?o de ganho. Agora, a correçaÌ?o dos salaÌ?rios eÌ? feita diariamente em URV os salaÌ?rios saÌ?o pagos em moeda forte enquanto os preços permanecem em moeda velha. EÌ? a oportunidade para que os trabalhadores discutam ganhos reais e naÌ?o nominais.
+Um grupo de presos armado com facas rendeu d. AloiÌ?sio. Houve tiroteio. Dois presos morreram.
+Rui; Marcinho, Pinga, Ryuler e Paulo CeÌ?sar; Ney, Balu e Souza; Marcos Roberto, Marcelo e Aritana. TeÌ?cnico -- SeÌ?rgio Ramirez. Local
+Oliveira disse ontem aÌ? Folha que ficou «surpreso» com o preço. «Esse valor naÌ?o corresponde ao laudo que eu pedi. Quando houve a solicitaçaÌ?o, eu queria apenas um laudo meÌ?dico simplificado.»
+O ministro Ciro Gomes (Fazenda) convidou ontem o deputado federal Aloisio Mercadante (PT-SP) para discutir propostas para a manutençaÌ?o do Plano Real. O ministro participou do debate «O Brasil de FHC», promovido pela Folha, e que teve ainda a presença do deputado federal Delfim Netto (PPR-SP) e de JoseÌ? Serra, senador eleito pelo PSDB-SP. Josias de Souza, diretor-executivo da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia, estava entre os debatedores.
+O diretor e produtor independente Daniel Filho seraÌ? o apresentador de «Melhor de Todos», novo game show que a Bandeirantes deve começar a gravar esta semana. O programa vai submeter diariamente um grupo de jovens a perguntas sobre vaÌ?rios assuntos (leia texto nesta paÌ?gina). IraÌ? ao ar de segunda a sexta, aÌ?s 17h45, com 26 minutos de duraçaÌ?o.
+Os donos devem usar camiseta branca para facilitar a localizaçaÌ?o no escuro. Alguns dos autores do Cruzado, como Edmar Bacha, PeÌ?rsio Arida e AndreÌ? Lara Resende, que deixaram o governo Sarney quando naÌ?o conseguiram os ajustes, foram tambeÌ?m responsaÌ?veis pelo Plano Real, oito anos depois. E desta vez, numa equipe coerente, conseguiram aplicar as medidas de restriçaÌ?o ao creÌ?dito para conter o consumo, no quarto meÌ?s do programa.
+Aparecido Luiz do Nascimento -- AmanhaÌ?, aÌ?s 18h30, na igreja Nossa Senhora das Neves, av. Maestro Villa Lobos, 671, Tucuruvi. NaÌ?o se pode falar em «capitalismo com face humana». Ele trava a sua luta, no entanto, na consecuçaÌ?o daquelas reformas e revoluçoÌ?es, inerentes ao capitalismo maduro.
+Em seu discurso, Wedekin disse que, apesar de ser de outro partido, estava no palanque para homeagear o presidenciaÌ?vel do PT. A maneira de fotografar depende de seu temperamento e de sua intimidade com a teÌ?cnica fotograÌ?fica. VoceÌ? pode simplesmente captar o que veÌ? atraveÌ?s da objetiva ou interferir no contexto, reposicionando um objeto ou pedindo para que o seu personagem faça determinada pose.
+A sede da Apple eÌ? em Cupertino, na CalifoÌ?rnia (EUA). Na definiçaÌ?o de Pinheiro, as «figuras de autoridade» geralmente saÌ?o comerciantes, policiais fora de serviço ou parentes da viÌ?tima que teria sido agredida pela pessoa que estaÌ? sendo alvo de linchamento. «A responsabilidade em todos os casos registrados eÌ? da poliÌ?cia e do MinisteÌ?rio PuÌ?blico, nunca da populaçaÌ?o.
+O casal, que ganha um cacheÌ? para participar do programa, assinaraÌ? um contratao concordando em naÌ?o recorrer a um advogado caso se arrependam das perdas sofridas em «Divorce Me». Mas aquilo foi no calor do jogo. JuÌ?lio CeÌ?sar entrou, fez o gol e tudo o mais.
+Depois de passar pelo nervo oÌ?ptico, a imagem eÌ? «processada» no ceÌ?rebro. EÌ? nele que surge um sinal de estiÌ?mulo sexual ou indiferença. Machos de caudas longas com desenhos simeÌ?tricos costumam gerar estiÌ?mulos mais intensos no ceÌ?rebro das andorinhas-feÌ?meas.
+Ainda que parciais, os nuÌ?meros de 1991 jaÌ? asseguram que o ritmo de crescimento populacional caiu. As mulheres passaram a ter menos filhos e a populaçaÌ?o ficou, em meÌ?dia, mais velha. O Congresso resolveu impor-se um limite.
+Como profissional, jogador e teÌ?cnico, creio que a uÌ?nica saiÌ?da eÌ? se fechar com o grupo. NaÌ?o deixar que ningueÌ?m entre, viver quase aÌ? margem de tudo e naÌ?o permitir que nada nem ningueÌ?m quebre a unidade. (Carlos Alberto de Souza Moreira -- Lajinha, MG)
+As passagens de oÌ?nibus em Campo Grande ficam mais caras a partir de amanhaÌ?. A tarifa passa de CR$ 125,00 para CR$ 180,00. O iÌ?ndice de reajuste foi de 44%.
+As empresas de moda começam a apostar no talento de jovens estilistas para dar cara nova a seus produtos. SaiÌ?dos de faculdades de moda ou da cena underground, os novos talentos passam a ser assimilados pelo mercado. EÌ? assim que o socialista PDS espera ser eleito.
+A eÌ?nfase que Tannen coloca sobre a cultura faria mais sentido se ela pudesse apontar uma uÌ?nica das 1.200 sociedades que constam do registro antropoloÌ?gico e mostrar mulheres buscando status e poder com a mesma avidez que os homens. A novidade taÌ?tica foi a movimentaçaÌ?o de RomaÌ?rio. Diferente do que faz no Barcelona (Espanha), ele naÌ?o ficou parado perto da aÌ?rea.
+ CompulsoÌ?rio
+O advogado do ex-governador Orestes QueÌ?rcia, Arnaldo Malheiros Filho, estaÌ? enviando aos ministros do STJ uma longa reÌ?plica aos argumentos do subprocurador Paulo Sollberger. Sarney articula renuÌ?ncia de QueÌ?rcia
+Se tiver que priorizar uma competiçaÌ?o, seraÌ? o Campeonato Brasileiro», afirmou Jair Pereira. «Afinal, temos uma possibilidade real de ganhar tambeÌ?m o segundo turno e passar direto aÌ?s semifinais.»
+ HoraÌ?rios: aberto diariamente a partir das 18h
+Carlos Alberto Pinto Oliveira, 35, confessou ontem ter sido o autor dos golpes de faca que mataram seus proÌ?prios pais, Carlos CorreÌ?a Oliveira, 65, que era diretor-presidente da Companhia ViniÌ?cola Riograndense, e Nilza, 68. D data do crime, dia 10, ateÌ? ontem, Carlos Alberto dizia ser o mandante e acusava o ex-soldado da PoliÌ?cia Militar Luciano Jarczewski, 22, de ser o autor das facadas. Em sua longa e minuciosa introduçaÌ?o ao livro, Adma Muhana procura contextualizar as duas obras e distinguir, quando possiÌ?vel, o que faz parte de uma e de outra.
+ Da modelo Gisele Fetter
+Como um bom relaçoÌ?es puÌ?blicas, o capitaÌ?o alemaÌ?o, Lothar Matthaeus, presenteia os policiais de Hinsdale, onde a equipe se concentrava, com camisetas e flaÌ?mulas da Copa. A seleçaÌ?o alemaÌ? enfrenta hoje a BulgaÌ?ria. RomaÌ?rio se interessa pelo caso PC Farias
+A tenda foi erguida exatamente sobre a linha da fronteira e cada delegaçaÌ?o se instalou em seu proÌ?prio lado. Eu creditei sua resposta fria ao racismo sul-africano branco e a digeri. Afinal de contas, ela era a mesma colega que, quando nos trazia do aeroporto DH Malan para a Cidade do Cabo pela famosa estrada N-2, alertou-nos para ficarmos preparados para nos proteger.
+Atualmente, saÌ?o os hoteÌ?is com mais alto iÌ?ndice de ocupaçaÌ?o. Segundo a Caribbean Tourism Organization, o turismo no Caribe estaÌ? em alta. No primeiro quadrimestre de 93, as ilhas receberam 4 milhoÌ?es de visitantes, o que significa um aumento global de 9%.
+Mas jaÌ? foi um progresso», disse o jogador, que, segundo levantamento do Datafolha, acertou 37 dos 41 passes e cometeu sete faltas. AteÌ? o ano passado, a mortalidade infantil entre as famiÌ?lias atendidas pela pastoral era de 28 por 1.000 ou seja: de cada 1.000 nascidos, 28 morriam antes de completarem 12 meses de vida. Nos primeiros cinco meses deste ano, o nuÌ?mero pulou para 33, o que eÌ? um aumento de mais de 10%.
+Ashrawi -- Acho que haÌ? dois aspectos aqui. Antes de mais nada haÌ? a ocupaçaÌ?o israelense, que cria esse tipo de fenoÌ?meno doentio e doloroso da colaboraçaÌ?o. Acho que Israel deveria parar de recrutar colaboradores, pessoas do submundo e criminosos, dar a eles armas, colocaÌ?-los no meio de comunidades paciÌ?ficas e fazeÌ?-los trabalhar para eles.
+Do PT. PT achou a maior graça em se laureado por outro PT. Fiz o preaÌ?mbulo apenas para introduzir uma tese: a cultura do bebeÌ? mimoso e do defunto boniÌ?ssimo contamina toda a escala de valores do cidadaÌ?o brasileiro.
+O Comando de Policiamento Militar da RegiaÌ?o Oeste, de SaÌ?o Paulo, lança amanhaÌ? o projeto «Cruzada Esperta». O objetivo eÌ? retirar crianças carentes das ruas e favelas e levaÌ?-las para praticar esporte no quartel. Segundo o major da PM Julio Agostinho Luize, o comando da zona oeste quer desenvolver uma escolinha de futebol orientada por antigos jogadores.
+Este eÌ? claramente um projeto que requer um tempo consideraÌ?vel para ser realizado, mas que promete abordar o problema da incerteza dos orçamentos destinados aÌ? atividade de pesquisa, afetados pelo clima poliÌ?tico sempre em transformaçaÌ?o. A ideÌ?ia do «naÌ?o vai dar certo» nos assalta desde o Plano Cruzado. Os tropeços do plano FHC derivam, em grande parte, da desconfiança geral quanto aÌ?s promessas que ele encerra.
+GegeÌ? -- NaÌ?o estaÌ?s mesmo me reconhecendo, Leonel?
+Mas cometeu o seu maior erro sob a proteçaÌ?o de quatro paredes, numa das salas da sede do PT, em SaÌ?o Paulo. Reunido com a executiva do seu partido, Lula decidiu bater duro no Real. Foi insuflado por seus «especialistas».
+«Como o juiz vai fazer um juÌ?ri sem o exame cadaveÌ?rico, que eÌ? a prova material que a lei exige?
+Os CDBs indexados aÌ? Taxa Referencial ficaram em meÌ?dia a 13,5% ao ano e as taxas dos papeÌ?is corrigidos pela Unidade Real de Valor (URV) variaram entre 60% e 67% ao ano. Tipo soÌ? ser tratado de «mister» em qualquer situaçaÌ?o. EÌ? quando Mickey e Pateta vaÌ?o dormir que começa o balaco de verdade em Orlando, FloÌ?rida.
+VoceÌ? acha que eÌ? faÌ?cil estar perdendo de 2 sets a 1, começar o set seguinte com uma desvantagem de 5 a 0, mesmo assim provocar o tie break e virar o jogo?
+Certeza absoluta. Ainda no final de 93, uma auditoria noticiada por esta Folha mostrava que 20% dos depoÌ?sitos atuais, nas contas ativas (do atual emprego do trabalhador) saÌ?o desviados. jul -- Bossi qualifica o premieÌ? de ditador por se recusar a retirar o decreto sobre a prisaÌ?o preventiva.
+Junco do SeridoÌ?, Igaraci e Brejo dos Santos, no sertaÌ?o do Estado, apresentam altos iÌ?ndices de desnutriçaÌ?o entre crianças de seis a nove anos, segundo estudo do MEC, Programa Mundial de Alimentos, Universidade Federal da ParaiÌ?ba e Governo do Estado. ParaiÌ?ba 2
+ Do enviado especial
+ «Mochileiros espaciais» saem do Discovery
+«Se algueÌ?m pensa que nossas leis lembram a barbaÌ?rie, entaÌ?o, por favor, naÌ?o traga seu filho de 18 anos para caÌ?. Se quiser, avise sobre as consequeÌ?ncias», afirmou. Oficialmente, as embaixadas em Cingapura naÌ?o comentam o caso.
+O empresaÌ?rio Nagib Audi foi citado em pedido de faleÌ?ncia ajuizado pelo Banco CCF contra a QuiÌ?mica Industrial Paulista. O banco eÌ? credor de R$ 883,1 mil. DiÌ?vida cobrada
+ Acontece hoje a primeira sessaÌ?o de treinos oficiais da corrida da ItaÌ?lia
+Apesar de fazerem muito barulho, os atuais PDAs Newton, da Apple, Simon, da IBM/BellSouth, EO, da AT&T/EO, e Zoomer, da Radio Shack -- saÌ?o misteÌ?rio para muitos usuaÌ?rios, como Frederico Bernardo Mesnik (veja texto ao lado), que ainda estaÌ? descobrindo sua maÌ?quina. Eles teÌ?m de superar tambeÌ?m as limitaçoÌ?es dos PDAs para reconhecer a escrita. Mesmo assim, a sensaçaÌ?o que causam entre usuaÌ?rios e na induÌ?stria mostra que os novos micros vieram para ficar.
+O produtor Paulo Amaral Gurgel, 58, de Pindamonhangaba (140 km a nordeste de SaÌ?o Paulo), colheu 74 sacas de cafeÌ? por hectare na safra de 93. A produçaÌ?o eÌ? sete vezes superior aÌ? meÌ?dia nacional dos uÌ?ltimos anos, de 10 sacas por ha. A meÌ?dia do municiÌ?pio eÌ? de 30 sacas por ha.
+ Engajamento mitigado
+ JOSIAS DE SOUZA
+Crianças movimentando seus corpos saÌ?o mostradas nos cinco clips de «Esportistas Mirins». Em «Bailarinos», vaÌ?rios ritmos ganham coreografias que revelam a variedade dos movimentos corporais. No hall do castelo, a cada episoÌ?dio haÌ? uma pintura diferente no mesmo lugar.
+ Miami-Aspen-Miami
+No mercado cambial grassa uma atitude igualmente inconsequente. Ignorando o chumbo grosso das reservas de mais de US$ 35 bilhoÌ?es do BC, tem havido uma demanda firme de doÌ?lar no paralelo. EÌ? evidente que haveraÌ? perdas para quem assim proceder, pois os juros reais andam bastante elevados e naÌ?o deveraÌ?o cair nas proÌ?ximas semanas.
+ IDT
+ Sergipe 2
+ Dos enviados a Palo Alto
+NaÌ?o me venham dizer que, no fundo, eÌ? tudo a mesma coisa. NaÌ?o eÌ?. Basta pegar o exemplo da revisaÌ?o constitucional.
+Na jogada ofensiva, Paulo Roberto se limita a cruzar -- sem efeito e sem força da linha intermediaÌ?ria para o centro da grande aÌ?rea, facilitando o posicionamento da defesa adversaÌ?ria. No miolo, a dupla Pinga e Henrique parece ter alcançado alguma estabilidade, mas o ideal seria a volta, em forma, do CeÌ?lio Silva. Na deÌ?cada de 30, a temaÌ?tica de Graham enfocou a AmeÌ?rica.
+Numa agricultura com status de agrobusiness, mas convivendo em ambiente de turbuleÌ?ncia, a gestaÌ?o com visaÌ?o eÌ? aquela que se preocupa em conhecer as tendeÌ?ncias da sociedade, em suas perspectivas social, econoÌ?mica, poliÌ?tica, tecnoloÌ?gica, mercadoloÌ?gica, dentre outras. EÌ? atraveÌ?s da formulaçaÌ?o de cenaÌ?rios que as oportunidades aparecem e permitem um posicionamento privilegiado nos negoÌ?cios. Os ceÌ?ticos e criÌ?ticos sustentam argumentos de que ningueÌ?m possui bola de cristal, mas para eles eÌ? bom lembrar o poema: «navegar eÌ? preciso, viver naÌ?o eÌ? preciso».
+Os preços dos interurbanos nacionais variam conforme a hora da ligaçaÌ?o, tempo de duraçaÌ?o e distaÌ?ncia. Tarifa normal -- dias uÌ?teis, das 8h aÌ?s 9h e das 18h aÌ?s 20h; saÌ?bados, das 8h aÌ?s 14h. Neste caso, a pesquisa mostra que Alencar venceria por 47% contra 38%, se a disputa tivesse sido realizada dia 27 de setembro, quando foi feita a sondagem.
+A nova aÌ?rea tem 1.500 metros quadrados e capacidade para mais de 400 pessoas. Shopping Morumbi -- av. Roque Petroni Jr., 1.089, tel. 533-2444. ClaÌ?usula impoÌ?e seguro de vida
+A mesma classificaçaÌ?o havia sido dada a seu filme «AÌ?ta-me», em 1990. AlmodoÌ?var resolveu entaÌ?o distribui-lo pelos EUA sem qualificaçaÌ?o. EÌ? o que provavelmente ocorreraÌ? com «Kika».
+A ItaÌ?lia arrancou e conseguiu o tri. Os sul-americanos naÌ?o foram bem ateÌ? agora na Copa. A BoliÌ?via perdeu para a Alemanha.
+ Do enviado especial
+O proÌ?ximo governador paulista, seja ele Mario Covas (PSDB) ou Francisco Rossi (PDT), naÌ?o vai resolver sozinho o problema. As soluçoÌ?es que Covas e Rossi apresentam para a criaçaÌ?o de novos empregos no Estado saÌ?o inconsistentes, de acordo com a avaliaçaÌ?o de HoraÌ?cio Lafer Piva. «Ambos teÌ?m ideÌ?ias ainda muito simplistas», diz.
+TaÌ? bom que o rapaz era lindo. Mas naÌ?o precisava batucar ao som dos tambores usando o proÌ?prio equipamento. Folha -- O que muda no Bradesco com o Plano Real?
+ DireçaÌ?o: Boro Draskovic
+O governo quer que esses setores expurguem na conversaÌ?o reajustes abusivos. Os incentivos fiscais dados a alguns setores seraÌ?o revistos, disse o assessor especial de preços, Milton Dallari. KX 250 e KX 60 saÌ?o opçoÌ?es para cross
+ Centro de Estudos e Serviços em Recursos Humanos do Senac
+Os jogadores da seleçaÌ?o brasileira tiveram um dia de folga ontem em Atenas. A maioria dos atletas aproveitou para descansar no hotel. «Encontrar uma explicaçaÌ?o para a derrota naÌ?o eÌ? faÌ?cil», disse PaulaÌ?o.
+Cada prato custa R$ 50, e toda renda obtida seraÌ? encaminhada aÌ? campanha do socioÌ?logo Betinho contra a fome. Organizada pelos designers Meire Vibiano, Fabiola Bergamo e Lars Diederichsen, Designers de SaÌ?o Paulo 2ª Mostra reuÌ?ne paineÌ?is de cerca de 60 projetos de produtos e projetos graÌ?ficos dos mesmos designers e escritoÌ?rios, entre eles Alvaro Guillermo, Eliane Stephan e MaÌ?rcio Colaferro. Folha -- No caso de o sr. se tornar presidente, como colocaraÌ? seu programa em praÌ?tica?
+ CrediaÌ?rio
+A Procuradoria Geral da RepuÌ?blica vai pedir abertura de inqueÌ?rito aÌ? PF. (CJT)
+ MARCELO GODOY
+Segundo a PM, Montiel disse ter sido fechado por um outro carro, que fugiu sem ser identificado. Dois outros mortos do fim-de-semana foram atropelados. Um aconteceu no saÌ?bado, na zona leste e outro no domingo, na avenida Vereador JoseÌ? Diniz.
+Estas conclusoÌ?es fazem parte da dissertaçaÌ?o de mestrado de Lafaiete Pussoli, 37, apresentada no dia 17 de junho na Faculdade de Direito da PontifiÌ?cia Universidade CatoÌ?lica de SaÌ?o Paulo (PUC-SP). Em agosto de 1992, Coppola tem uma crise durante as filmagens de «DraÌ?cula» e escreve em seu diaÌ?rio que descobriu que os tempos e as maneiras de trabalhar na induÌ?stria cinematograÌ?fica naÌ?o saÌ?o os dele. «Quando eu era jovem, gostava dos filmes de Hollywood, mas naÌ?o queria fazer filmes como aqueles.
+ D
+ EÌ? muito prestiÌ?gio para pouca alegria
+ ANTONIO JURANDIR PINOTI
+ JORGE FREITAS
+A direçaÌ?o da estatal afirmou que 50% dos trabalhadores de turno e funcionaÌ?rios do setor administrativo aderiram aÌ? greve. Oliveira naÌ?o soube informar quando o refino de petroÌ?leo e o bombeamento de gaÌ?s natural do poço de Merlusa seriam interrompidos. Trabalham na RPBC 1.600 petroleiros.
+AMAURY RIBEIRO JR. Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Belo Horizonte
+A coincideÌ?ncia de datas tem uma razaÌ?o de ser: a Santa Ceia e a prisaÌ?o de Jesus, episoÌ?dios anteriores aÌ? crucificaçaÌ?o, tiveram lugar durante as comemoraçoÌ?es da «Pessach» em JerusaleÌ?m. O nome da festividade cristaÌ? vem do grego atraveÌ?s do latim e significa, originalmente, paixaÌ?o (no sentido de martiÌ?rio). (Murilo Gabrielli)
+EÌ? que os autores dos programas, assim como os compositores de uma muÌ?sica, por exemplo, deveriam receber direitos autorais sobre seus trabalhos. Se naÌ?o recebem, a troca de programas vira «pirataria», o que eÌ? crime. Quando o traje sugerido for o «smart casual», os homens estaÌ?o dispensados da gravata e as mulheres podem se equipar dos seus coÌ?modos tailleurs.
+Neste caso, renuciamos ateÌ? os interesses pessoais», completou o prefeito. Maluf novamente disse que ACM eÌ? um bom nome para encabeçar uma chapa. «Se for essa a conclusaÌ?o definitiva a que chegarmos, trabalharei por ele em SaÌ?o Paulo», afirmou.
+ MARIO CARDOSO
+ Vilela grava 'VoceÌ? Decide' em Santana de ParnaiÌ?ba
+Uma rede local com 14 computadores interconectados foi a soluçaÌ?o que a Planam, fabricante de divisoÌ?rias, encontrou para compartilhar dados. Na opiniaÌ?o do gerente-administrativo, Ailton Catharino, a prioridade era agilizar informaçoÌ?es como solicitaçaÌ?o de pedidos, faturamento e contas a pagar e a receber. CanadaÌ?
+Obtiveram 15,1% de retorno sobre recursos proÌ?prios. As Americanas programam investir US$ 20,8 milhoÌ?es em 94. Parte deles vai para a inauguraçaÌ?o de duas lojas: uma no Shopping SaÌ?o Bernardo (SP) e outra no Shopping Beira-Mar, em FlorianoÌ?polis.
+Ivan Piçarro foi o uÌ?nico que naÌ?o abandonou a pesquisa acadeÌ?mica. Ele eÌ? o chefe do laboratoÌ?rio de Fisiologia do ExerciÌ?cio Experimental da EPM. Ele faz com animais, especialmente ratos, testes fiÌ?sicos que podem no futuro servir de base para ampliar o conhecimento em seres humanos, atletas ou naÌ?o.
+A uÌ?nica da escola que tava de verde e rosa. Ela e o Caetano!
+Zagalo -- Chorei muito, os jogadores me carregaram. Agora estou calejado, naÌ?o sei como seraÌ?. No fim daquele jogo o PeleÌ? me abraçou no vestiaÌ?rio e disse:
+ Motorista morre atingido por pedra em estrada
+«JaÌ? que o Congresso naÌ?o atua, por que naÌ?o pensar em novos mecanismos?», sendo estes a votaçaÌ?o de um novo texto constitucional pelos eleitores, aÌ? base do sim ou naÌ?o. E, pergunta-se, que nova ConstituiçaÌ?o seria submetida ao eleitorado, jaÌ? que «o Congresso naÌ?o atua» e, portanto, o texto naÌ?o proviria dele?
+Mas tudo sem exageros.»
+Dizem que o santo eÌ? poderoso, mas com Gralak protegendo o meio da aÌ?rea corintiana, haja poder!
+Talvez porque nunca mais tenha havido imagens taÌ?o marcantes quanto os dribles de PeleÌ? ou as pegadas de Armstrong, ateÌ? hoje fixadas na areia da Lua, mesmo que ningueÌ?m as esteja vendo. Com o caÌ?mbio fixo (um real igual a um doÌ?lar), o juro brasileiro ficaraÌ? extremamente atraente. Para evitar que o ingresso de capital estrangeiro imploda as metas de emissaÌ?o de reais, o BC deve adotar medidas restritivas.
+Por isso o resultado final nem sempre eÌ? taÌ?o importante. Carolina Fagundes, 17, «top model» que foi capa da Elle de junho (um marco na carreira de qualquer modelo) naÌ?o ficou nem entre as dez melhores finalistas no ano passado, quando concorreu. O processo de produçaÌ?o eÌ? bem simples.
+O meÌ?todo, afirma Eliane, eÌ? perfeito para quem detesta transpirar, naÌ?o suporta dores musculares causadas por exerciÌ?cios ou simplesmente naÌ?o gosta de ficar cansado. Narciso era o filho do deus do rio Cefisso e da ninfa LeiriÌ?ope, notaÌ?vel por sua beleza. Sua maÌ?e foi prevenida de que ele viveria uma longa vida, se nunca visse seu proÌ?prio rosto.
+O teÌ?cnico do Internacional, ClaÌ?udio Duarte, vai apostar na empolgaçaÌ?o de treÌ?s atacantes, vindos recentemente das categorias inferiores, para enfrentar o SaÌ?o Paulo. O ponta Paulinho, 18, e o centroavante Leandro, 18, disputaram apenas treÌ?s partidas no Campeonato Brasileiro, o suficiente para aumentar a movimentaçaÌ?o do time e criar oportunidades de gol. SEçaÌ?O: EDITORIAL
+ Do Bosque do Papa ao Passeio PuÌ?blico, a capital paranaense tem 52 metros quadrados de aÌ?rea verde por habitante
+O jurista Emile Jonassaint, que por indicaçaÌ?o da junta militar do Haiti exerceu o cargo de presidente do paiÌ?s desde maio, renunciou ontem. Ele foi a uÌ?ltima autoridade do regime militar a se demitir. Um Boeing 757 da American TransAir, fretado pelo governo dos EUA, estaÌ? no aeroporto de Porto PriÌ?ncipe aÌ? espera do ex-comandante do ExeÌ?rcito haitiano, Raoul Cedras, para levaÌ?-lo com famiÌ?lia e aliados para o exiÌ?lio.
+A pesquisa aponta crescimento de 3,8% no desemprego entre os homens. O aumento da taxa foi de 8,3% para quem tem 40 anos ou mais. Nos uÌ?ltimos dois dias, os ministros militares mostravam-se abertiÌ?ssimos aÌ? negociaçaÌ?o.
+EÌ? o binoÌ?mio educaçaÌ?o-trabalho. Em Cingapura, a educaçaÌ?o baÌ?sica eÌ? de boa qualidade e alcança quase 90% da populaçaÌ?o. Dois terços da força de trabalho teÌ?m mais de dez anos de escola.
+O presidente do Sindicato dos MetaluÌ?rgicos do ABC, Heiguiberto Della Bella Navarro, aceitou convite da Black & Decker para visitar unidades da empresa e fornecedores em cinco paiÌ?ses, inclusive EUA e China. Fabinho Gouveia, o melhor brasileiro no mundial, jaÌ? embolsou, em cinco anos de carreira, perto de US$ 250 mil em preÌ?mios. Nada mal para um paiÌ?s onde o miÌ?nimo eÌ? de R$ 70,00.
+«Em nuÌ?meros relativos e absolutos , o total de ocorreÌ?ncias foi inferior ao de 1993», disse o relaçoÌ?es puÌ?blicas da PM, coronel Siegrifd Keysselt. No Arpoador, encontro um candidato que ali mora e que faz todos os saÌ?bados e domingos o mesmo itineraÌ?rio. Ele estava sozinho, esperando os amigos de sempre para a caminhada, vestia uma blusa com o seu nome uÌ?nico atrevimento de campanha a que se obrigara.
+ Segundo tempo
+Uma lei ficou evidente. A inflaçaÌ?o acompanha os iÌ?ndices de popularidade e impopularidade dos presidentes. Eles perseguem, assustam e daÌ?o alegria.
+O trabalho consistiu em controlar as 320 fontes poluidoras detectadas na eÌ?poca. Hoje, 290 fontes poluidoras estaÌ?o controladas. Em 84, o total de material particulado (poeira) despejada na atmosfera pelas induÌ?strias foi de 86.359 toneladas.
+O presidente do Instituto Nacional de Segurança no TraÌ?nsito, Roberto Scaringella, foi premiado pelo Centro Internacional de Recursos em Segurança, SauÌ?de e Meio Ambiente por seu trabalho na aÌ?rea de prevençaÌ?o de acidentes. A premiaçaÌ?o aconteceraÌ? em San Diego (EUA), em outubro. Clinton tambeÌ?m se opoÌ?e a um abrandamento das sançoÌ?es econoÌ?micas contra a SeÌ?rvia, conforme proposto por aliados europeus.
+Arida Essa acusaçaÌ?o eÌ? curiosa. Se o governo nada tivesse feito, seria acusado de entregar o paiÌ?s em frangalhos. E depois, naÌ?o eÌ? de uÌ?ltima hora.
+A Chandon estaÌ? importando da França o Cognac Hennessy X.O (Extra Old). A bebida custa R$ 220 e pode ser encontrada em importadoras. InformaçoÌ?es: (011) 64-3313.
+ ANTONIO KANDIR
+ Mulheres vaÌ?o e veÌ?m nadando
+No primeiro semestre deste ano, a inflaçaÌ?o na Venezuela chegou a 30% e o deÌ?fict fiscal do paiÌ?s saltou de US$ 6 bilhoÌ?es em 93 para mais de US$ 10 bilhoÌ?es em 94. Deputado nega conhecer caso
+A geopoliÌ?tica do futebol, na primeira fase da Copa, jaÌ? daÌ? sinais de mudança. Pela primeira vez desde 66, um time asiaÌ?tico, a AraÌ?bia Saudita, passou pela primeira fase. Outra progressaÌ?o foi verificada entre as seleçoÌ?es da Concacaf (ConfederaçaÌ?o Centro e Norte-Americana e do Caribe de Futebol).
+Com um maçarico, os criminosos arrombaram o cofre do banco. Pegaram o dinheiro e o colocaram em sacos. Os ladroÌ?es tambeÌ?m revistaram os guicheÌ?s do banco a procura de mais dinheiro.
+ ParabeÌ?ns em dobro
+ M.S., 18
+O governador AntoÌ?nio Carlos Konder Reis (PPR) inaugurou esta semana a rodovia SC-401, que liga Gaspar a cidade de Brusque. As obras de reforma da estrada começaram em 93 e custaram R$ 1,8 milhoÌ?es, segundo a Secretaria de Transportes e Obras. DesperdiÌ?cio
+NaÌ?o adiantou. Os americanos detestaram, o filme foi um fracasso de bilheteria e a «Cahiers du CineÌ?ma» disse que era um «desfile de modas no deserto». Ou seja, conseguiu naÌ?o agradar ningueÌ?m.
+O ComiteÌ? de Entidades Culturais e a Secretaria de Estado da Cultura promovem amanhaÌ? e domingo, no Parlamento Latino-americano (Parlatino), encontro para a discussaÌ?o da produçaÌ?o cultural. Tel. 284-2111, r. O Caism eÌ? ligado aÌ? Unicamp, uma das mais respeitadas universidades brasileiras.
+Luiz Fleury jaÌ? deixa o governo paulista com uma imagem pateÌ?tica, e parece fazer o que pode para piorar as coisas para si mesmo. A outra alternativa eÌ? um desvio, que aumenta para mais de 100 km a distaÌ?ncia entre a fazenda e a cidade de Buritis. Se a nova ponte for construiÌ?da, a travessia sobre o coÌ?rrego Capoeira faraÌ? com que a distaÌ?ncia entre a fazenda de Bisol e a cidade de Buritis caia para apenas 46 km.
+Seu segundo teste eleitoral foi em 85. Disputou e perdeu a Prefeitura de SaÌ?o Paulo. Foi derrotado por JaÌ?nio Quadros.
+Exprinter (011-257-2255): pacote de 11 a 16/2, com direito a mortalha do bloco Cheiro de Amor, custa US$ 939 (CR$ 384,9 mil) no Meridien. JaÌ? o programa da British Airways pode naÌ?o ser taÌ?o sofisticado quanto o de suas concorrentes, mas tem o meÌ?rito de ter saiÌ?do na frente. Ao embarcar, os passageiros recebem um manual com dicas, que inclue desde posiçoÌ?es corretas de como sentar-se ateÌ? uma cartilha com exerciÌ?cios para as maÌ?os, nuca, pescoço e ombros, pernas, cabeça e rosto.
+Apenas uma natural divisaÌ?o de opinioÌ?es e afinidades. ERRAMOS
+O procurador Aristides Junqueira, que parara de fumar, retomou o haÌ?bito haÌ? treÌ?s dias e com força total. Ontem, criticado durante o julgamento no STF, saiu vaÌ?rias vezes do plenaÌ?rio para fumar. A briga parecia ter terminado ali.
+O candidato do PP ao governo de SaÌ?o Paulo, Luiz AntoÌ?nio de Medeiros, iniciou ontem a sua campanha com ataques ao senador Mario Covas, candidato do PSDB. Segundo o sindicalista, Covas foi eleito ao Senado, em 1986, pelo PMDB, graças a um «estelionato eleitoral». NingueÌ?m diz como fica a caderneta depois que a TR morrer.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+O que, afinal, motiva esse senhor Cristaldo, quase um ano depois do escaÌ?ndalo de Haximu, a ocupar seu tempo em tais diatribes totalmente desprovida de veracidade factual e de autoridade cientiÌ?fica?
+ Custo por quiloÌ?metro
+Em geral, os erros naÌ?o saÌ?o aleatoÌ?rios, mas elementos indicativos de uma hipoÌ?tese «falha». Com isso, a educaçaÌ?o consiste em compreender qual foi a hipoÌ?tese feita pelo aluno e colocar questoÌ?es que ponham essa hipoÌ?tese em xeque. Um grupo de literatos e cineastas de mentirinha invade a cena e passa a digredir sobre como o Ocidente deturpa o imaginaÌ?rio russo e qual a melhor forma de fazer um documentaÌ?rio sobre o paiÌ?s.
+Suas histoÌ?rias particulares cruzam o fio da histoÌ?ria coletiva, aquela dos grandes fatos que marcaram a vida americana nos uÌ?ltimos 40 anos, como o governo Kennedy, a Guerra do VietnaÌ?, a conquista da Lua etc. Em concorreÌ?ncia vencida pela construtora Sergen, a obra foi contratada por R$ 47 milhoÌ?es. O jornalista Janio de Freitas, da Folha, antecipou haÌ? 37 dias que a Sergen venceria a concorreÌ?ncia para execuçaÌ?o das obras, entre elas, a construçaÌ?o do novo preÌ?dio do PalaÌ?cio da Justiça.
+Ele naÌ?o veÌ? soluçaÌ?o em curto prazo. «Reconheço que o transporte eÌ? um problema, mas temos planos para resolver», disse. A Fiat se compromete a entregar o carro em uma data prefixada.
+ Plano requer ajustes, dizem teÌ?cnicos dos EUA
+Um defeito na linha de transmissaÌ?o da usina hidreleÌ?trica de Itaipu deixou parte das regioÌ?es Sul e Sudeste do paiÌ?s sem luz por uma hora durante a manhaÌ? de ontem. A aÌ?rea afetada vai do Rio Grande do Sul ao sul da Bahia. Das 10h10 aÌ?s 11h10, faltou luz em pontos isolados desse trecho.
+Mas se isso ocorrer num ambiente de crescimento e a abertura eÌ? parte de um programa de reformas para sustentar o crescimento entaÌ?o naÌ?o haÌ? perda de emprego no agregado. TraduçaÌ?o: o paiÌ?s, crescendo, gera novas oportunidades, que absorvem os que tenham perdido a vez porque estavam em setores atrasados e vulneraÌ?veis aÌ? concorreÌ?ncia. Finalmente, o fundador-empreendedor de uma empresa bem-sucedida precisa decidir qual deve ser seu proÌ?prio papel.
+Analistas poliÌ?ticos de Cingapura acham improvaÌ?vel que o presidente Cheong anistie o rapaz. Frido Mann participa de debate na Folha
+Tudo se passa como numa fruta madura e viçosa, mas bichada. O organismo econoÌ?mico brasileiro daÌ? sinais de vitalidade e dinamismo, mas ainda naÌ?o se mostrou capaz de extirpar seus parasitas. As duas remessas custaram aos cofres puÌ?blicos R$ 22,5 mil quase 322 salaÌ?rios miÌ?nimos.
+Se for instaurado, Leite pode ser afastado temporariamente do cargo e ser expulso do TJ, caso seja condenado ao final do processo. Souza, por ser aposentado, corre o risco de ter cassada a sua aposentadoria, no final do processo. A siuaçaÌ?o dos outros treÌ?s juiÌ?zes eÌ? tida como mais tranquila.
+A carta foi endereçada aÌ? procuradora-geral do MinisteÌ?rio PuÌ?blico, MariÌ?lia Crespo. Na carta, ela diz que a fundaçaÌ?o acompanha com interesse a luta dos trabalhadores rurais para que cessem as violaçoÌ?es aos direitos humanos no Brasil e, especialmente, no Estado do ParaÌ?, recordista nacional de assassinatos no campo. Cerca de 60% desses livros falam de qualidade em administraçaÌ?o ou recursos humanos.
+E alguns clientes, segundo MaÌ?rcio, reclamam da rapidez porque precisam emitir a fatura do pagamento quando recebem o produto. «A eficieÌ?ncia da entrega pode ser um problema. ».
+«Enquanto naÌ?o pudermos fazer isto, continuaraÌ? sendo noite, mesmo que o sol esteja brilhando laÌ? fora.»
+Uma despedida inesqueciÌ?vel. Foi tal motivo que incentivou o meia CateÌ? a se destacar no time de juniores do SaÌ?o Paulo descartado por TeleÌ? Santana da equipe de profissionais que vai disputar o Campeonato Paulista, CateÌ? teve seu passe emprestado ao Cruzeiro. Antes, poreÌ?m, disputa a Copa SaÌ?o Paulo.
+O mercado foi idealizado pelo governo do Estado para evitar o contrabando de ouro na regiaÌ?o. a decisaÌ?o de esforçar-se para superar a fome e miseÌ?ria de 32 milhoÌ?es de brasileiros excluiÌ?dos dos benefiÌ?cios da vida digna, o que implica a luta contra o analfabetismo, a violeÌ?ncia, o desemprego e o alastramento de doenças;
+ Eu falei que era para votar no outro»
+Em Nova Holanda, Lula criticou «os ricos deste paiÌ?s que, toda vez que veÌ?em seus interesses ameaçados, se juntam». Em Copacabana, naÌ?o tocou no assunto, criticando setores mais especiÌ?ficos como oligopoÌ?lios e usineiros. O proÌ?prio candidato reclamou da agenda.
+ JAPAÌ?O
+Testemunhas contaram que oito homens encapuzados capturaram e executaram Fernando AntoÌ?nio ArauÌ?jo Barbosa, 27, e Marcelo Martins, 25, que saiÌ?am de um baile funk na estrada de Madureira. Os corpos foram deixados na rua Bruno Oliveira. A 5 km de distaÌ?ncia, foi morto SebastiaÌ?o JoseÌ? Elias, 33, que naÌ?o teria obedecido aÌ? ordem de parar formulada por um bando armado.
+ Antonio ErmiÌ?rio de Moraes
+No lançamento de hoje, os autores vaÌ?o formar mesas para quem quiser conhecer o jogo. «EÌ? um pouco difiÌ?cil para o mestre no começo, mas depois que ele se acostuma com as tabelas fica tudo bem», diz TarquiÌ?nio. Eles tambeÌ?m vaÌ?o dar palestras para iniciantes no RPG em geral.
+O diaÌ?rio destaca ordem do ministro da Segurança PuÌ?blica da China para melhorar a segurança das estradas, depois de cerca de 60 mortes em acidentes. Al-Thawra
+A TVA/ESPN transmite hoje, a partir das 11h30, Fiorentina x Roma, ao vivo, pela 13ª rodada do Campeonato Italiano. A TV Manchete transmite VT da partida a partir das 12h30. Antes, aÌ?s 11h30, a emissora exibe um programa especial sobre o Campeonato Italiano.
+ ELVIRA LOBATO
+O virtual candidato do PT aÌ? PresideÌ?ncia da RepuÌ?blica, Luiz InaÌ?cio Lula da Silva disse ontem, em Franca (SP), que naÌ?o vai polemizar com o governador do Rio de Janeiro, Leonel Brizola (PDT). « Tenho esperanças de que Brizola ainda poderaÌ? compor com as forças comprometidas com a mudança do paiÌ?s», disse. Dobre a aposta para o Palmeiras, que pega o AmeÌ?rica e a situaçaÌ?o eÌ? a mesma.
+Com esta quantia, o governo poderia contratar por um ano 14,5 mil funcionaÌ?rios por R$ 100 reais por meÌ?s. Mas o sindicato acha que envolveria o pagamento de 11 a 12 salaÌ?rios para cada servidor. Temos, entaÌ?o, que GusmaÌ?o e Rio Branco nos instalaram para sempre num opulento presente de oito e meio milhoÌ?es de quiloÌ?metros quadrados e que Rodrigo e Mario de Andrade redescobriram, recensearam e reconstruiÌ?ram nosso territoÌ?rio colossal as obras de arte que o tornam humano.
+Folha -- Em que eÌ?poca as mulheres começaram a fotografar?
+Para o violoncelista russo Mstislav Rostropovich, 64, vale o chavaÌ?o. Ele eÌ? o papa do violoncelo e ponto final. NingueÌ?m como ele reuniu condiçoÌ?es para o tiÌ?tulo neste seÌ?culo.
+Ele se conportava como uma estrela?
+Tanto as Forças de Defesa como a poliÌ?cia teÌ?m uma cuÌ?pula quase exclusivamente branca. O CNA tem escassa confiança nessa cuÌ?pula. A suspeita eÌ? a de que parte das forças de segurança esteja associada ao terrorismo, uma suspeita reforçada pelo fato de que, entre os 32 terroristas presos anteontem, dois eram da poliÌ?cia.
+ ReÌ?dea curta
+Diante disso, fui ver o Tom Cavalcante. SoÌ? o coÌ?mico descreve o Brasil hoje. Nosso choque maior naÌ?o eÌ? a miseÌ?ria, a trageÌ?dia profunda dos famintos.
+«Reciclagem do Lixo», «Reflorestamento», «PoluiçaÌ?o do Ar» ou «PoluiçaÌ?o do Mar». Faça uma redaçaÌ?o que tenha entre dez e 18 linhas. Pequenos poemas tambeÌ?m valem.
+Croisset apontou a construçaÌ?o da nova sede do CCF, decidida em 1989, como demonstraçaÌ?o da aposta que o grupo franceÌ?s vem fazendo no paiÌ?s nos uÌ?ltimos 10 anos. A campanha foi lançada ontem na W/Brasil, ageÌ?ncia do publicitaÌ?rio Washington Olivetto e responsaÌ?vel pela criaçaÌ?o dos anuÌ?ncios. O ministro da EducaçaÌ?o, Murilio Hingel, compareceu ao lançamento.
+Depois de ser liberada pelo Century City Hospital, Love foi presa, junto com outros membros de sua banda Hole, sob a acusaçaÌ?o de portarem grande quantidade de heroiÌ?na e seringas descartaÌ?veis. Love soÌ? saberia da morte de Kurt Cobain, 27, ex-liÌ?der da banda Nirvana que se matou com um tiro na cabeça, no dia seguinte. PoliÌ?cia investiga venda de Zona Azul
+ De Londres
+A Asia Motors do Brasil, representante da coreana Asia Motors, começa amanhaÌ? uma campanha na qual compara treÌ?s de suas peruas a seus concorrentes diretos. A campanha para TV tem quatro filmes treÌ?s deles fazem as comparaçoÌ?es. Criada pela ageÌ?ncia FCB, custou US$ 2,5 milhoÌ?es.
+«Achei que Krause teria enormes condiçoÌ?es de ser o ministro.»
+O impacto nos preços da nova modalidade de recolhimento do ICMS varia de zero a 38,42%, de acordo com o interesse de quem faz a conta. Na Servkomby, a locaçaÌ?o miÌ?nima de uma Kombi eÌ? feita por seis horas, a CR$ 3.200 a hora. Serviços fora da capital teÌ?m acreÌ?scimo de 30%.
+RomaÌ?rio se recusou a começar a treinar com os outros jogadores de sua equipe na segunda-feira passada. Disse que ficaria no Brasil «pelo menos» ateÌ? o dia 15. CaÌ?ndido Bracher, do BBA Creditanstalt, concorda com Bodin e diz naÌ?o ter ideÌ?ia sobre qual seraÌ? a inflaçaÌ?o de julho.
+ Treinador responde aÌ? torcida com vitoÌ?ria de ontem
+O primeiro eÌ? a reduçaÌ?o da taxa de fecundidade das mulheres paraibanas de 7 para 2,3 filhos por mulher entre 1970 e 1990 (leia texto abaixo). STJ define prazo igual para pagamento de ICMS
+ da enviada especial a Pelotas
+O livro naÌ?o foi feito para adolescentes. Sua linguagem eÌ? acadeÌ?mica e a leitura difiÌ?cil afinal o livro eÌ? uma tese. Mas vale a pena.
+EÌ? a velha tentaçaÌ?o de mexer no termoÌ?metro para baixar a febre. A inflaçaÌ?o de outubro eÌ? real. A poliÌ?tica econoÌ?mica estaÌ? diante de um desafio concreto, que eÌ? o de garantir por meios objetivos que a inflaçaÌ?o naÌ?o volte a subir perigosamente.
+SoÌ? a uÌ?ltima passou das quartas-de-final e nenhuma chegou aÌ? decisaÌ?o. TAVA TODO MUNDO LAÌ?
+Tarifas de metroÌ?, oÌ?nibus e trens passaraÌ?o direto para real. Valores em URV seraÌ?o divulgados ateÌ? o dia 15 de junho, mas seraÌ?o praticados apenas em julho. 'HaÌ? espaço para mais 50 mil estabelecimentos'.
+ O fotoÌ?grafo franceÌ?s, autor da famosa foto «Beijo no HoÌ?tel de Ville», morreu ontem em Paris, aos 81 anos
+AteÌ? agora, cerca de 95% dos euroboÌ?nus vendidos pelo Brasil saÌ?o constituiÌ?dos por papeÌ?is prefixados. Com a elevaçaÌ?o dos juros americanos, os investidores começaram a ganhar menos preÌ?mio na relaçaÌ?o custo-benefiÌ?cio entre aplicar em um papel brasileiro e uma letra do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos. Por esta razaÌ?o, explica Frederico, as empresas brasileiras poderiam pensar em emitir euroboÌ?nus com taxas flutuantes, que acompanhem as variaçoÌ?es dos juros.
+Em todas as partes dos EUA, milhares de empresas estaÌ?o consultando a maÌ?e de todas as redes computadorizadas a Internet para encontrar candidatos a empregos, comunicar-se com clientes, encontrar soluçoÌ?es para problemas teÌ?cnicos e vender seus produtos. Para muitas empresas, a Internet eÌ? a infovia a superestrada de dados jaÌ? em existeÌ?ncia, sem prazos de espera. A Folha publicou sexta-feira que o pai do candidato, empresaÌ?rio Nevaldo Rocha, negociou a venda, com desaÌ?gio, de um pacote de R$ 140 mil em boÌ?nus.
+Agora, a «esquerda-BMW» invadiu. SaÌ?o garotos exibidos que fazem fortuna no mercado financeiro. Esses revolucionaÌ?rios sociais, vestidos com ternos Armani, defendem mudanças que fariam Luis Carlos Prestes chorar.
+Segundo eles, o presidente da AssociaçaÌ?o dos Ambulantes, Daniel Rodrigues JordaÌ?o, estaria «vendendo licenças». CapiÌ?tulo Financeiro
+O teÌ?cnico Jair Pereira escondeu a escalaçaÌ?o do Corinthians que joga hoje aÌ?s 21h40 no Pacaembu, contra o Bragantino. O jogo vale pela terceira fase do Brasileiro. Pereira quer que a equipe decida logo a partida.
+ Represa Billings teraÌ? fiscalizaçaÌ?o
+ Grupo: Rush
+«A figura da competeÌ?ncia e da modernidade naÌ?o resiste ao miÌ?nimo confronto com a realidade», diz o empresaÌ?rio e deputado estadual Eudoro Santana (PSB), ex-aliado do governo Tasso. Scheuer acha reduçaÌ?o um erro
+De tanto ouvir seus educativos «ah», acabo aprendendo que as coisas saÌ?o mesmo simples assim. Os jogos seraÌ?o exibidos tambeÌ?m aÌ?s sextas e aos fins-de-semana. Na tentativa de explicar as regras e detalhes do basquete profissional da NBA, a TVA/ESPN criou pequenos programas de dois minutos que apresentam os jogos para o puÌ?blico brasileiro.
+SAÌ?O PAULO JaÌ? naÌ?o se fazem mais escaÌ?ndalos ministeriais como os de antigamente. As crises em relaçaÌ?o ao gabinete FHC saÌ?o taÌ?o piÌ?fias que beiram (ou ateÌ? ultrapassam) o ridiÌ?culo. Tome-se o «escaÌ?ndalo dos paulistas demais».
+O ministro da Justiça deu em seguida uma entrevista coletiva negando que Itamar tivesse sido procurado por civis e militares interessados na «fujimorizaçaÌ?o» do Brasil. AleÌ?m da poluiçaÌ?o pelo inseticida DDT, banido dos EUA desde 1972, foram analisados produtos quiÌ?micos conhecidos como PCBs bifenis policlorados. O estudo comparou os niÌ?veis desses resiÌ?duos quiÌ?micos em amostras de sangue retiradas no final dos anos 60 e envolveu 300 mulheres.
+Ele se machucou no jogo contra a NigeÌ?ria e ainda naÌ?o foi liberado pela comissaÌ?o teÌ?cnica. O atacante Claudio Caniggia tambeÌ?m se recuperou totalmente da contusaÌ?o em seu dedo do peÌ? esquerdo e sua participaçaÌ?o na partida de hoje eÌ? quase certa. Rubinho, por sua vez, naÌ?o tinha noçaÌ?o de que aquela era a uÌ?ltima volta.
+R$ 236, taÌ??
+A adoçaÌ?o da URV (Unidade Real de Valor) no preço das passagens naÌ?o vai alterar as promoçoÌ?es das companhias aeÌ?reas. AteÌ? o final do meÌ?s permanecem os descontos de baixa temporada. A ideÌ?ia dos dois eÌ? elaborar uma agenda miÌ?nima de votaçoÌ?es ateÌ? 31 de maio, que contaria com o apoio dos «contras».
+Pegou um porco de 300 quilos, recheou ateÌ? com gesso e deixou o suiÌ?no rodando num espeto gigantesco. AteÌ? que o porco pegou fogo!
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+O presidente da CaÌ?mara, InoceÌ?ncio Oliveira (PFL-PE), chegou ontem de manhaÌ? a Nova York para participar como observador parlamentar da 49ª AssembleÌ?ia da OrganizaçaÌ?o das NaçoÌ?es Unidas. InoceÌ?ncio eÌ? um dos 39 parlamentares que devem viajar a Nova York, a convite do Itamaraty, como observadores. Segundo ele, a viagem eÌ? importante para ampliar a «visaÌ?o de mundo» dos parlamentares e para conhecer a posiçaÌ?o do Brasil na ONU.
+Os 7.000 pares jaÌ? produzidos pela Adidas seraÌ?o vendidos a um preço-base de US$ 180 (CR$ 170 mil, pelo doÌ?lar comercial). Uma chuteira de couro de primeira linha sai por cerca de US$ 120 (CR$ 113 mil pelo comercial) na Europa. «O Plano Real naÌ?o foi concebido para eleger FHC», escreve Fiori, referindo-se ao Consenso de Washington.
+«Quem apoÌ?ia rito sumaÌ?rio eÌ? porque estaÌ? com a eleiçaÌ?o garantida ou naÌ?o disputaraÌ? eleiçaÌ?o», afirmou o senador Ney MaranhaÌ?o (PRN-PE), admitindo a utilizaçaÌ?o eleitoral do Orçamento. Ao final, as lideranças aprovaram uma reduçaÌ?o do nuÌ?mero de emendas por parlamentar: seraÌ?o 25, sem qualquer restriçaÌ?o. Mesmo assim, o total chega a 16.400 emendas.
+O Detran informou que ficaraÌ? atento ao uso dos telefones celulares no traÌ?nsito de Manaus. O Conselho Nacional de TraÌ?nsito proiÌ?be o uso do aparelho por motoristas com o carro em movimento. Esta semana foram vendidas 2.000 linhas de celulares no Estado.
+Tanto no leilaÌ?o da Cobra como no da CaraiÌ?ba MineraçaÌ?o, o governo exigiu um pagamento miÌ?nimo de 10% do valor obtido em leilaÌ?o em moeda corrente. Art. 4 Nos casos de reincideÌ?ncia na violaçaÌ?o do disposto nesta Medida ProvisoÌ?ria, aleÌ?m de perdas e danos e demais sançoÌ?es cabiÌ?veis, o juiz aplicaraÌ? multa civil equivalente a treÌ?s vezes o valor da cobrança irregular.
+A PM prendeu anteontem em Serra Talhada, a 414 km de Recife (PE), o argentino Oscar Abel Costa, 38, acusado de traÌ?fico de drogas. Segundo a PM, Costa transportava 41 kg de maconha prontos para o consumo no fundo falso de uma caminhonete. AleÌ?m do argentino foram presos tambeÌ?m quatro homens dois deles iÌ?ndios supostamente fornecedores da droga.
+Em seguida, pode-se optar por identificar nuÌ?meros ou quantidades, com palhaços brincalhoÌ?es, ou jogo de memoÌ?ria, com exerciÌ?cios de adiçaÌ?o e cores. Com Jambo -- o Elefante Sabido, a criança tem que resolver contas de subtraçaÌ?o. A linguiça Seara, o salame Jamones Salamanca e a salsicha Pena Branca passaram por anaÌ?lise fiscal (exame de duas ou mais amostras, determinada por lei).
+O presidente Itamar Franco pressionou o ex-ministro Fernando Henrique Cardoso a se decidir pelo nome do governador HeÌ?lio Garcia (PTB-MG) como vice na chapa encabeçada pelo PSDB para a PresideÌ?ncia, mas naÌ?o conseguiu. Itamar forçou ontem uma reuniaÌ?o do governador petebista com o ministro e candidato do PSDB ao PalaÌ?cio do Planalto. Garcia cobrou «garantias» do ministro de que seria o vice, mas FHC disse que naÌ?o poderia dar «segurança».
+EÌ? natural que as garotas deste fim de seÌ?culo deÌ?em de ombros quando ouvem falar em movimento feminista. A face mais visiÌ?vel do feminismo brasileiro tem oscilado sempre entre o mau-humor e a ingenuidade, comprazendo-se em requentar um cardaÌ?pio de ideÌ?ias superadas. A mulher ideal desse feminismo de manicure ainda guarda os ares da personagem vivida por Regina Duarte na insuperaÌ?vel seÌ?rie de TV «Malu Mulher».
+Ontem, o senador acusou os partidos de estarem «postergando» a sua instalaçaÌ?o e o PT e a CUT de estarem «estimulando a violeÌ?ncia, com seu radicalismo». Lula afirmou que a CPI «vai dar atestado de idoneidade» aÌ? CUT e ao PT. «Se depender de mim, ela seraÌ? instalada imediatamente», disse.
+MATINAS SUZUKI JR. Enviado especial a Orlando
+As açoÌ?es da CSN e da Usiminas estiveram entre os papeÌ?is que mais valorizaram no mundo na semana passada. Ficaram em segundo e em terceiro, respectivamente, com altas de 24,44% e 17,99%, segundo ranking da Baring. O cinema de animaçaÌ?o cresceu ano passado nos EUA.
+ SEÌ?RGIO MALBERGIER
+Para janeiro, a expectativa de 40,7% dos entrevistados era de diminuiçaÌ?o da produçaÌ?o. Apenas 21,1% esperavam crescimento e 38,2%, estabilidade. Os Indicadores saÌ?o resultado de uma pesquisa exclusiva do Sebrae e da Folha sobre o desempenho da micro e pequena induÌ?stria.
+HaÌ?, hoje, uma seÌ?rie de instituiçoÌ?es que montaram carteiras de açoÌ?es, mas esse pessoal ainda naÌ?o sabe operar e se apavora com qualquer coisa. Provoca essa correria.»
+ Concerto: Quarteto Borodin
+De Spielberg aÌ? moça do cafezinho, hoje todos os filmes teÌ?m uma lista interminaÌ?vel de colaboradores. Nos anos 50, os creÌ?ditos dos roteiros nos filmes italianos eram parecidos e registravam ateÌ? meia duÌ?zia de nomes como autores. Em «SeduçaÌ?o da Carne» (Senso, 1953), de Visconti, sete nomes Visconti, Suso, Giorgio Prosperi, Carlo Alianello, Giorgio Bassani, Tennessee Williams e Paul Bowles assinam o roteiro.
+O candidato Armando CalderoÌ?n Sol, da governista Aliança Republicana Nacionalista (Arena), venceu o segundo turno das eleiçoÌ?es presidenciais de El Salvador, realizado anteontem, com 68% dos votos. Ele derrotou Ruben Zamora, da coalizaÌ?o de esquerda. Renault lacra mais importados em SP
+Parece incriÌ?vel, mas Michael Schumacher teraÌ? que decidir na proÌ?xima semana se quer ser ou naÌ?o campeaÌ?o mundial nesta temporada. Apesar de negar, a Benetton vem pressionando o piloto para manteÌ?-lo na equipe em 1995. E ameaça fornecer um carro inferior, semelhante ao de J.J.Lehto.
+Eu soube anos depois, do Oliveira Bastos, que eÌ? paraense e estava em BeleÌ?m, que esse jornalista publicou a entrevista e os poemas e, naquela noite, nos bares, soÌ? se falava nisso entre os jovens poetas. E começaram a surgir movimentos no ParaÌ?:
+NuÌ?meros naÌ?o saÌ?o o forte do ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, socioÌ?logo de profissaÌ?o. Ontem pela manhaÌ?, ao realizar a primeira ligaçaÌ?o do serviço da Telesp que calcula por telefone (900-0211) os salaÌ?rios, alugueÌ?is e contratos em URV (Unidade Real de Valor), enganou-se na discagem das teclas para conhecer qual seria o seu rendimento mensal e chegou ao resultado zero. «EÌ? zero de perda», refez-se do vexame, no segundo seguinte.
+«NaÌ?o posso, taÌ? tendo queima de oÌ?leo Mazzola no Eldorado.»
+ InoceÌ?ncio leÌ? adverteÌ?ncia a pedetistas
+Segundo Borges, o pedido de prioridade no uso da marca foi protocolado recentemente no Inpi. A prefeitura anunciou a criaçaÌ?o de uma Rua 24 horas (espeÌ?cie de shopping center aberto o tempo todo) dentro do Viveiro Manequinho Lopes. NaÌ?o haÌ? ainda estudo de impacto nem o projeto foi enviado ao Condephaat
+Da Reportagem Local *. Jobi Ferrari, soÌ?cio da Metaldente, afirma que a empresa tem autorizaçaÌ?o do Ibama para importar e comercializar mercuÌ?rio. A VPR, junto com outras organizaçoÌ?es, preocupada com a segurança do campo, chegou a sequestrar, no dia 10 de março, o coÌ?nsul japoneÌ?s de SaÌ?o Paulo, para tirar MaÌ?rio da prisaÌ?o.
+ Passagem, que subiria para CR$ 210, vai a CR$ 200 saÌ?bado em troca de liberaçaÌ?o de US$ 108 milhoÌ?es para obras
+O carro do TaÌ?tico MoÌ?vel cercou o taÌ?xi em frente ao terminal de oÌ?nibus do Jabaquara (zona sul). «Puxei o freio de maÌ?o e sai correndo», conta Barboza. Os PMs balearam Araujo.
+Pois eÌ? isso mesmo e estaÌ?o aiÌ? as autoridades que naÌ?o me deixam mentir: assaltar com arma de brinquedo naÌ?o pode. Assaltar com arma de verdade eÌ? perfeitamente viaÌ?vel. A finalista brasileira garante uma vaga na final mundial do concurso, no dia 10 de setembro, em Ibiza, na Espanha.
+O motorista pode, por exemplo, reclinar um pouco o banco do carro, abrir os vidros e respirar fundo vaÌ?rias vezes», diz. Tiques e neuroses
+O TSE investiu R$ 1,6 milhaÌ?o em equipamentos, incluindo 225 novos computadores para totalizaçaÌ?o de votos, elevando o nuÌ?mero de maÌ?quinas a 575. Todos os juiÌ?zes teraÌ?o telefones e aparelhos de recepçaÌ?o de mensagens eletroÌ?nicas aÌ? disposiçaÌ?o, tendo os juiÌ?zes das zonas mais visadas pelos fraudadores recebido tambeÌ?m telefones celulares. Cinco atores se revezam em 15 papeÌ?is.
+Na estaçaÌ?o rodoviaÌ?ria, a chuva alagou os terminais e atrasou alguns oÌ?nibus que fazem linhas na regiaÌ?o de Rio Preto. Depois que as aÌ?guas baixaram, restaram as marcas da chuva na parede. E muita lama.
+Bill Gates, fundador da Microsoft, estreÌ?ia em coluna quinzenal na Folha dia 4 de janeiro. Em seu primeiro texto, Gates ataca a pirataria coÌ?pia sem autorizaçaÌ?o de programas para computadores. A Microsoft eÌ? a maior empresa produtora de software do mundo.
+Damon Hill cumpriu a sua missaÌ?o ontem em Monza. Venceu o GP da ItaÌ?lia de F-1 e diminuiu para 11 pontos sua desvantagem em relaçaÌ?o a Michael Schumacher, o liÌ?der do Mundial de Pilotos, suspenso por duas corridas pela FIA. A grande favorita para a prova, a Ferrari, viveu mais um dia de azar e, apesar de ter colocado seus dois carros na primeira fila do grid de largada, soÌ? conseguiu o segundo posto, com Gerhard Berger.
+Mesmo que digam a voceÌ? que Nova York naÌ?o eÌ? uma cidade para crianças, naÌ?o desanime. AiÌ? estaÌ?o alguns endereços para voceÌ? se divertir muito por laÌ?. O Liberty Science Center, por exemplo, eÌ? um museu de cieÌ?ncias onde a gente pode mexer nas coisas.
+ Do enviado a Suzuka
+Racismo no Brasil naÌ?o existe. Mentira, mas vai ser necessaÌ?rio esquecer como o problema eÌ? visto por aqui, para absorver algo do que um dos mais interessantes pensadores negros estaÌ? dizendo nos EUA. Cornel West eÌ? um pensador com algo uÌ?til para o movimento negro: lucidez para separar a emoçaÌ?o dos contra-ataques racistas de seu proÌ?prio grupo e fazer as pessoas entenderem que os problemas naÌ?o estaÌ?o na cor.
+ MAÌ?RIO MOREIRA
+O Plano Real foi instituiÌ?do tendo como um dos objetivos principais o fim da indexaçaÌ?o para se acabar com a memoÌ?ria inflacionaÌ?ria (corrigir os preços com uma inflaçaÌ?o passada). Mas ele jaÌ? nasce com um indexador, o IPC-r, que serviraÌ? para corrigir salaÌ?rios e e benefiÌ?cios da prevideÌ?ncia, como explica a gerente de iÌ?ndices e preços do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatiÌ?stica), MaÌ?rcia Quintslr. Para a economista, do ponto de vista estatiÌ?stico, naÌ?o haveraÌ? resiÌ?duo de inflaçaÌ?o na transiçaÌ?o do cruzeiro real para o real, pois a variaçaÌ?o de preços na velha moeda foi medida ateÌ? 30 de julho, uÌ?ltimo dia de sua vigeÌ?ncia.
+ 11 Derek Harper
+ Desemprego cai para 4%, segundo IBGE
+ CAUSA
+O relatoÌ?rio de Costa mostra que o investimento em educaçaÌ?o, levando em conta o PIB per capita, atualmente naÌ?o eÌ? menor no Brasil do que em paiÌ?ses como os tigres asiaÌ?ticos CoreÌ?ia e Taiwan, e Hungria. Na CoreÌ?ia, no entanto, 95% dos estudantes completam o segundo grau. O pensamento nos conduz a metas
+ALBERTO HELENA JR. Da Equipe de Articulistas
+As 28 armas deixadas quarta-feira na praça em frente ao centro comunitaÌ?rio da favela de Acari tambeÌ?m estavam em maÌ?s condiçoÌ?es de uso. «Nada mudou», declarou ele, pelo que poÌ?de ouvir. Moura Castro havia notado que, computando a verba das instituiçoÌ?es e seu resultado de pesquisa os artigos em revistas cientiÌ?ficas, percebeu-se que na federal mas competente Escola Paulista de Medicina um «paper» custava US$ 2.000 ao contribuinte, enquanto que nas federais do Nordeste o «preço» por artigo estava entre US$ 50 mil e US$ 100 mil.
+O candidato disse que as acusaçoÌ?es seu candidato a vice, senador Guilherme Palmeira (PFL-AL), saÌ?o «malediceÌ?ncias sem base». Mostrou-se eufoÌ?rico com o resultado da pesquisa Datafolha. ExposiçaÌ?o: Retrospectiva SeÌ?rgio Camargo
+Segundo o coronel, os tripulantes naÌ?o souberam informar se os sequestradores pertenciam ao grupo guerrilheiro Sendero Luminoso, que atua no Peru e tem ligaçoÌ?es com o traÌ?fico de cocaiÌ?na. Taba une a AmazoÌ?nia a principais centros do paiÌ?s
+A taxa de caÌ?mbio nominal fixa do real com relaçaÌ?o ao doÌ?lar contribuiraÌ? para a queda imediata da inflaçaÌ?o. A razaÌ?o principal eÌ? a crescente, embora relativamente lenta, dolarizaçaÌ?o dos preços domeÌ?sticos. No entanto, a estabilizaçaÌ?o dos preços bases permanentes eÌ? incompatiÌ?vel com o novo regime cambial anunciado e o regime de poliÌ?tica monetaÌ?ria vigente.
+-- NaÌ?o, naÌ?o. NaÌ?o se assuste. estou interpretando o Dr. Kellogs, o inventor dos cereais matinais.
+A segunda liçaÌ?o importante eÌ? que, ao contraÌ?rio do que se pensa, a CoreÌ?ia era um paiÌ?s em que as decisoÌ?es eram tomadas da pior maneira possiÌ?vel. Era um paiÌ?s acusado de ter o pior tipo de relaçoÌ?es particularistas, de favoritismo. Tudo isso que se fala hoje do Brasil estava presente na CoreÌ?ia 30 anos atraÌ?s.
+O acordo entre o Brasil e JapaÌ?o, para evitar a dupla tributaçaÌ?o, estabelece que os rendimentos recebidos nos primeiros 183 dias de permaneÌ?ncia no JapaÌ?o saÌ?o tributados no Brasil, atraveÌ?s do carneÌ?-leaÌ?o. ApoÌ?s esse periÌ?odo o rendimento eÌ? totalmente isento no Brasil e passa a ser tributado no JapaÌ?o. Portanto, considerando que esses doÌ?lares foram remetidos apoÌ?s seis meses de permaneÌ?ncia no JapaÌ?o, e por vias oficiais, a aquisiçaÌ?o do imoÌ?vel tem origem justificada.
+A tabela do Sistema UÌ?nico de SauÌ?de (SUS), do municiÌ?pio de SaÌ?o Paulo, eÌ? corrigida uma pouco abaixo da inflaçaÌ?o, segundo Wirton Palermo, secretaÌ?rio-geral da AssociaçaÌ?o MeÌ?dica Brasileira (AMB). Folha -- Mas quando quis que a revisaÌ?o criasse o Fundo Social de EmergeÌ?ncia o governo mobilizou sua bancada. Simon -- Sim.
+ AssunçaÌ?o do IR/fonte
+Susana Higuchi, mulher do presidente peruano Alberto Fujimori, disse aÌ? revista estar pensando em candidatar-se aÌ? PresideÌ?ncia. Ela estaÌ? separada do marido desde o iniÌ?cio de agosto, depois que Fujimori decretou lei que proiÌ?be a candidatura de parentes proÌ?ximos do presidente. Carlos AntoÌ?nio Luque, presidente da Ordem dos Economistas do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo
+A totalidade das quotas acumuladas antes, capitalizadas, pode ser sacada nos casos de aposentadoria, falecimento do trabalhador (os herdeiros recebem) e pelos portadores de Aids. Os pagamentos referentes ao exerciÌ?cio de 94 devem começar em outubro proÌ?ximo e terminar em abril de 95. «No futebol, saÌ?o 11 contra 11; respeitamos o adversaÌ?rio; o SaÌ?o Paulo disse 'presente' contra o Palmeiras.»
+Mas o Procon acha que naÌ?o houve negociaçaÌ?o. «Temos recebidos milhares de reclamaçoÌ?es (5.000 desde fevereiro) com relaçaÌ?o a planos de sauÌ?de. Houve imposiçaÌ?o de preços», argumenta MariaÌ?ngela Sarrubbo, assistente de direçaÌ?o.
+De acordo com o Setor de Atendimento da CEF, «as contas inativas do senhor Roberto Westphal, referentes aÌ? empresa A. Gusman Tratores Ltda., foram disponibilizadas ao mesmo em 9 de fevereiro, na ageÌ?ncia Vila Prudente da Caixa EconoÌ?mica Federal». Promessas de campanha
+Os gritos da plateÌ?ia da OÌ?pera de Viena, uma das mais importantes casas do geÌ?nero, se dirigiam na uÌ?ltima sexta-feira a uma soprano brasileira: Eliane Coelho (pronuncia-se por aqui coeÌ?l-ho). EÌ? capixaba, tem 45 anos, a voz poderosa e presença de palco. CloÌ?vis atravessa mau momento em Portugal
+ Abcem
+AteÌ? 28 de agosto, aos saÌ?bados e domingos, a rua Treze de Maio ficaraÌ? interditada pela CET (Companhia de Engenharia de TraÌ?fego) para a realizaçaÌ?o da 68ª Festa de Nossa Senhora da Achiropita. Nos dias de interdiçaÌ?o, os motoristas teraÌ?o como alternativa dois caminhos. O primeiro eÌ? pelas ruas Manoel Dutra, Rui Barbosa e Conselheiro CarraÌ?o.
+ Da ageÌ?ncia Folha
+ suco de frutas
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+ 13h30 -- GreÌ?cia x Egito
+«Mas o sr. vai sair com ela amanhaÌ??»
+Ainda haÌ? algum tempo ateÌ? a indicaçaÌ?o oficial dos candidatos de cada legenda e eÌ? provaÌ?vel que os partidos esperem o maÌ?ximo antes de uma definiçaÌ?o. O cenaÌ?rio, afinal, pode se alterar decisivamente nos proÌ?ximos meses. Ela faz parte da antologia «O Sapo de Arubinha», croÌ?nicas de MaÌ?rio Filho selecionadas pelo flamenguista Ruy Castro.
+NaÌ?o haÌ? portanto razoÌ?es para reajustes de preços, concluiu o assessor. Segundo a meteorologista Neide de Oliveira, 36, do Inmet (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) naÌ?o haÌ? possibilidade de ocorreÌ?ncia de chuvas fortes em SaÌ?o Paulo ateÌ? o dia 28 de setembro. «A proÌ?xima frente fria deve chegar ao Rio Grande do Sul no dia 25 (domingo).
+Depois, gabou-se da esperteza de estar violando as regras do jogo com a seguinte afirmaçaÌ?o, reproduzida aqui literalmente, inclusive com suas incorreçoÌ?es:
+ (035) 438-1322
+O clima pra laÌ? de caliente em Paris tem agora outra origem:
+Segundo os documentos, Churchill sabia que os alemaÌ?es estavam exterminando os judeus, mas insistiu com as forças americanas por mais de um ano que este plano de resgate fosse arquivado. Churchill temia que os refugiados optassem por ir para a Palestina, entaÌ?o administrada pelo Reino Unido. O chanceler Anthony Eden foi autorizado a consentir com o plano, mas tarde demais.
+Paulo Maluf -- EÌ? dos partidos de centro como PPR, PFL, PTB, PP E PL. Poderemos chegar a um programa comum e, a partir daiÌ?, a uma candidatura. FHC e a armadilha do plano
+NaÌ?o ganha a vida fingindo?
+VoceÌ? naÌ?o pode fazer campanha pensando em distribuir cargos. O Lula tem que ter liberdade de montar seu ministeÌ?rio. Ele vai escalar a seleçaÌ?o.
+O estopim dessa revoluçaÌ?o eÌ? o fato de que a induÌ?stria «estaÌ? no limite de sua sobreviveÌ?ncia». O setor industrial era o principal empregador antes da onda de reduçaÌ?o de niÌ?veis hieraÌ?rquicos que acabou com as gereÌ?ncias intermediaÌ?rias e enxugamento de quadros. As «cabeças que rolaram», ou ainda vaÌ?o rolar, soÌ? reencontraraÌ?o um lugar se mudarem radicalmente de atitude e começarem a pensar como negociadores, aprenderem a administrar suas carreiras e abandonarem a ideÌ?ia de «emprego para a vida toda» (leia texto abaixo).
+Humberto eÌ? nascido em La Tablada, e trocou a militaÌ?ncia no ERP pelo Movimento RevolucionaÌ?rio de Esquerda, do Chile. (CJT)
+ Governos estaduais, governo federal e cidadaÌ?os, individualmente, podem invocar a legislaçaÌ?o para processar quem considerem estar exercendo monopoÌ?lio em qualquer setor da economia
+Para citar outro depoimento insuspeito, colhido em Santa Catarina:
+ Free-lance para a Folha
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Recife
+«Fumar um puro eÌ? fumar fogo.»
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+HaÌ? uma conscieÌ?ncia maior da populaçaÌ?o a respeito do valor do dinheiro, da relatividade dos preços e da vantagem que eÌ? conhecer e comparar preços, juros e a qualidade dos produtos. O Plano Real tem sido bom para a populaçaÌ?o e para a economia. Perto de 80% de aprovaçaÌ?o popular nas pesquisas celebram esse fato.
+A poliÌ?tica aÌ? italiana mudou muito raÌ?pido nos uÌ?ltimos anos. Por isso a Folha preparou um breve guia da eleiçaÌ?o:
+Assim, Teresa eÌ? explusa de casa, sem direito ao patrimoÌ?nio de Raul, jaÌ? que eÌ? casada em regime de separaçaÌ?o de bens. Carmencita volta e deixa Carlos confuso
+«Eu me levanto todas as manhaÌ?s, e digo: `Bom-dia, tristeza' ». Quem inicia o dia com tal disposiçaÌ?o de espiÌ?rito tem mesmo que andar de luto. Ana Rita disse que foi ao magazine com a esperança que as regras ainda naÌ?o haviam mudado, apesar de ter lido sobre as medidas nos jornais.
+JaÌ? o «godfather» James Brown aparece cantando quatro faixas («Get Up I Feel Like Being Like a Sex Machine», «Make It Funky», «Papa Don't Take No Mess» e «The Payback»), sem falar em outros de seus hits que ganharam versoÌ?es de ex-muÌ?sicos de sua banda, como Fred Wesley («Doing It to Death») e Maceo Parker («Soul Power 74»). A seÌ?rie eÌ? um «must» em qualquer discoteca. AteÌ? para quem soÌ? dança com a cabeça.
+ GABRIELA WOLTHERS
+ 6 derrotas
+Colette Craig, linguista da Universidade do Oregon, trabalha haÌ? oito anos documentando o rama, uma das treÌ?s liÌ?nguas nativas da NicaraÌ?gua, falada hoje por menos de 35 pessoas. «A liÌ?ngua rama nunca foi escrita ou padronizada», diz. O rama estaÌ? sendo ensinado agora aÌ?s crianças das aldeias nicaraguenses, a partir de regras gramaticais padronizadas por Craig, pequenos dicionaÌ?rios e fichas.
+Anna Muylaert trata muito bem da fugacidade. Foi mais longe que ningueÌ?m, ao fazer um trabalho que sequer conhece lugar fixo. Seu tema eÌ? o suiciÌ?dio de um bancaÌ?rio, que se atirou do viaduto do ChaÌ?.
+Experimente seguir o exemplo dos povos antigos. Faça paÌ?o em casa. VoceÌ? naÌ?o vai resistir ao cheirinho que se desprende do forno.
+O prefeito de Atalaia do Norte, no alto SolimoÌ?es, Marcos Monteiro da Silva, informou que um surto de malaÌ?ria matou treÌ?s pessoas este meÌ?s na cidade. Ele solicitou ajuda aÌ? FundaçaÌ?o Nacional de SauÌ?de para conter a doença. Pergunta semelhante poderia ser feita sobre qualquer uma das sete esculturas da exposiçaÌ?o, compostas de argila, vidro, aÌ?gua, vapor, espelho, madeira, ferro, ovos, alto-falante, papelaÌ?o etc.
+O Projeto TieteÌ? informou ontem que 922 empresas jaÌ? participam do programa de despoluiçaÌ?o de origem industrial do rio. O nuÌ?mero representa 73,76% das 1.250 induÌ?strias cadastradas. Os esgotos industriais representam 30% da carga poluidora do rio.
+As vendas nas farmaÌ?cias, supermercados e perfumarias foram 3% superiores no meÌ?s passado. Em «As Horas de Katharina» haÌ? momentos excelentes, em especial nos sonetos que compoÌ?em o «InterluÌ?dio» (paÌ?gs. 121-133). Mas a intençaÌ?o de compor um grande livro naÌ?o se cumpre, perdendo-se na prolixidade, num misticismo amarelado, sem força.
+Segundo Pih, essa concorreÌ?ncia baixou os preços em mais 5%, aleÌ?m de inviabilizar o repasse do diferencial da taxa de juros «poÌ?s-Real». O Conselho de Segurança da ONU volta a debater hoje uma resoluçaÌ?o condenando o massacre de Hebron. A resoluçaÌ?o deveraÌ? exigir medidas por parte do governo de Israel para garantir a segurança dos palestinos.
+Como as caixas fornecidas pelos kits possuem amplificadores proÌ?prios, pode-se desativar os amplificadores das placas, obtendo-se uma relaçaÌ?o sinal/ruiÌ?do melhor. Eckstine foiprecursor
+Mas, com toda essa movimentaçaÌ?o beÌ?lica, os haitianos ainda naÌ?o se convenceram da paz. (CJT)
+Winston Fristch, que naÌ?o chegou a ser, naÌ?o mais seraÌ?. Edmar Bacha soÌ? aceitou a presideÌ?ncia do BNDES de favor (dele ao amigo FHC). CloÌ?vis Carvalho ficando na Fazenda ou no Planalto, defende Serra.
+ Futuro titular da Fazenda comanda o CMN como o representante da equipe econoÌ?mica formada por FHC
+Sulzbacher largou seu emprego de publicitaÌ?rio. «AteÌ? a namorada eu perdi», disse Pandiani. A marcha de retrocesso estaÌ? em curso.
+«NaÌ?o se trata de um apoio de um prefeitaÌ?o», tem dito a auxiliares. Troca de moeda termina hoje
+ Ex-presidente pede para naÌ?o constar da lista de hoÌ?spedes
+Isabel Allende ficaria arrepiada se ouvisse a conversa de duas marocas paulistas em um elegante restaurante da cidade. Vendas brasileiras de seÌ?men de gado crescem 26,19% em 93
+O anuÌ?ncio do veredicto Brown, em 17 de maio de 1954, representou um marco histoÌ?rico. Desde entaÌ?o tribunais impuseram o fim da segregaçaÌ?o. Algumas ordens deram certo, mas outras foram enfraquecidas ou suplantadas por mudanças demograÌ?ficas e de atitudes.
+«EÌ? o tipo de amante com que toda mulher sonha. NaÌ?o vou negar que eÌ? o homem de que mais estou gostando ultimamente.»
+«JaÌ? reclamei duas vezes com a Sabesp, mas ateÌ? a presente data naÌ?o vieram arrumar o cimento afundado. Gostaria de saber do pessoal da Sabesp qual o motivo de tanta demora», diz Rosalina. Resposta
+O alvo da ira na verdade eÌ? MauriÌ?cio CorreÌ?a e a histoÌ?ria do capitaÌ?o SeÌ?rgio Macaco, que ainda naÌ?o foi digerida. Cada vez mais responde por Fernando Henrique Cardoso o candidato preferido da turma para ocupar o trono de Itamar Franco. Os ambientalistas estaÌ?o assustados com o que consideram crescimento desordenado que vem tomando conta do distrito nos uÌ?ltimos cinco anos.
+SiÌ?tios arqueoloÌ?gicos, ruiÌ?nas, cachoeiras e aÌ?guas transparentes ideais para mergulho esperam pelos mais aventureiros na ilha do Bom Abrigo, um antigo refuÌ?gio de piratas, proÌ?ximo aÌ? ilha do Cardoso, no litoral sul de SaÌ?o Paulo. Acionista comparece
+O secretaÌ?rio-geral do Conselho Mundial de Igrejas (CMI), Konrad Raiser, visitou ontem a Folha, onde foi recebido em almoço. Estava acompanhado do representante das igrejas brasileiras na ComissaÌ?o Central do CMI, bispo Paulo Ayres Mattos, da pastora Marilia Schuller, responsaÌ?vel pelo Programa de Combate ao Racismo do CMI, e do secretaÌ?rio-geral de KoinoniaPresença EcumeÌ?nica e Serviço, Anivaldo Padilha. TIROTEIO
+«ColeçaÌ?o Aquarela», D'Olim Marote, Editora AÌ?tica, 1ª, 2ª, 3ª e 4ª seÌ?rie;
+ 'Em 6 meses soÌ? fui a um museu'. Da Reportagem Local
+SoÌ? que essas aeronaves saÌ?o vendidas em forma de contratos de arrendamento frios. SonegaçaÌ?o
+ Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia
+Garantem suas vagas os campeoÌ?es dos grupos e os seis melhores segundos colocados. Os dois restantes faraÌ?o um cotejo de desempate, em campo neutro. Curiosamente, a campeaÌ? de 92, a Dinamarca, abdicou de seu direito de ir diretamente aÌ? fase final.
+Cerca de 1,5 milhaÌ?o de pessoas 400 mil turistas devem se concentrar em Fortaleza no uÌ?ltimo fim-de-semana de julho. Sem tradiçaÌ?o de Carnaval e mais atraiÌ?da pelo forroÌ? do que por samba, a cidade se prepara para quatro dias de muÌ?sica baiana. Apesar das previsoÌ?es contraÌ?rias, o Fortal, um Carnaval-temporaÌ?o batizado de «micareta», deu certo e se encontra em sua terceira versaÌ?o.
+«NaÌ?o pago». Juiz de Fora pareceu o berço de um geÌ?nio. Com duas parcas palavras, Itamar, ateÌ? aÌ? veÌ?spera um fraco, encurralou o Congresso e o JudiciaÌ?rio.
+ «O de PeleÌ?, depois de fazer seu mileÌ?simo gol, contra o Vasco, em 19 de novembro de 1969, no MaracanaÌ?»
+Julian canta e toca bateria, baixo e guitarra. Viajou o mundo trabalhando com outros conjuntos ateÌ? que em 1992 foi a Paris com uma banda proÌ?pria, chamado The Jr. Wailers". Esta mesma banda se tornou a atual Uprising Band, uma espeÌ?cie de «dream team» do reggae liderada por Tyrone Downie, tecladista de Bob Marley.
+Ajudaria a esclarecer financiamentos em outros Estados, onde as coisas sejam ateÌ? mais obscuras. Covas -- NaÌ?o saÌ?o obscuras. O Cha Cha Cha, no Itaim-Bibi, jaÌ? passou por momentos de maior lotaçaÌ?o, segundo seu promotor e produtor, Renato de Cara, 30.
+Luxemburgo. Folha -- Como o sr. veÌ? o futuro do PT, independentemente de o partido sair vitorioso ou naÌ?o. Cristovam -- O PT estaÌ? vivendo treÌ?s geraçoÌ?es.
+O administrador de empresas Wilson Amaral de Oliveira, 41, eÌ? o novo presidente no Brasil da DHL Worldwide Express, uma empresa do mercado de remessas expressas. PoÌ?s-graduado pela Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, Oliveira trabalhou por seis anos no Grupo Tupy. Sua meta principal no comando da DHL eÌ? «a busca pela exceleÌ?ncia na qualidade dos serviços».
+Inicialmente, o resgate pedido foi de US$ 8 milhoÌ?es. A famiÌ?lia fez uma primeira contraproposta de US$ 100 mil. A maioria dos contatos com os sequestradores com a famiÌ?lia foi feito atraveÌ?s de telefonemas.
+Mais comum que este tipo de consulta, realizada somente em casos especiais, eÌ? a transmissaÌ?o de exames como cateterismo, ultra-som e raios X. As imagens saÌ?o transmitidas de computador para computador, via linha telefoÌ?nica. Tabuada
+Esse fato se repetiu muitas vezes, a ponto de vaÌ?rios fornecedores soÌ? concordarem com a venda apoÌ?s abertura de creÌ?dito pelo importador brasileiro em banco estrangeiro. Era um vexame. AÌ?s vezes um filme de arte se sai muito bem e acho que por isso que continuam a dar apoio a eles.
+ MEU CORAÇAÌ?O AO CREPUÌ?SCULO
+O balanço de 93 da Metal Leve registra os problemas administrativos que explicam boa parte do prejuiÌ?zo no exerciÌ?cio. E como se deu a antecipaçaÌ?o da renuÌ?ncia de JoseÌ? Mindlin. Mato Grosso
+ Pomodoro
+Em 95, os concertos devem seguir o padraÌ?o do Cultura ArtiÌ?stica, tendo duas seÌ?ries: a branca e a azul. A previsaÌ?o eÌ? de que sejam trazidas 15 atraçoÌ?es. Ainda para 94, existe a chance de um concerto para dois pianos Steinway com as irmaÌ?s francesas Katia e MarieÌ?lle LabeÌ?que.
+ EstrateÌ?gia
+Que Bill Rhodes, representante dos bancos credores da diÌ?vida externa brasileira, fosse premiado por seus representados, seria compreensiÌ?vel. E justo, a julgar pelo peso dos desembolsos que o uÌ?ltimo acordo impoÌ?e ao Brasil. Mas que seja condecorado com a Ordem do Cruzeiro do Sul, isto exala uma subalternidade soÌ? encontraÌ?vel nos paisetos mais rastaqueras.
+Rosa e Mizogushi: tel. (011) 530-1800; Feira Pechincha InformaÌ?tica: de 22 a 26 de março, de terça a sexta das 12h aÌ?s 22h; saÌ?bado das 10h aÌ?s 22h; PavilhaÌ?o da Bienal, Parque Ibirapuera, SaÌ?o Paulo. Entrada franca. PSDB teme efeitos da inflaçaÌ?o
+O novo aÌ?lbum segue com «Moving On», que inicia o lado pop do disco. A muÌ?sica tem um bom ritmo e lembra parte do trabalho mais acessiÌ?vel de Laurie Anderson. Os reajustes das mensalidades escolares devem ter impacto maior a partir de março, quando ocorre da data-base dos professores, diz JoseÌ? MauriÌ?cio Soares, coordenador do Dieese.
+O time masculino do Cesp, de Rio Claro, eÌ? bicampeaÌ?o estadual de basquete. Voltou a vencer em menos de 24 horas o Nossa Caixa-Nosso Clube, de Limeira, por 96 a 90, na decisaÌ?o do tiÌ?tulo, ontem aÌ? tarde. Depois de equiliÌ?brio nos minutos iniciais, o Cesp abriu nove pontos de vantagem (20 a 11) e naÌ?o perdeu mais a liderança.
+Foi interrompido antes mesmo da sobremesa o almoço de anteontem no chaÌ?teau de Roberto Marinho no Cosme Velho. E o convidado do dia Orestes QueÌ?rcia naÌ?o acreditou quando o anfitriaÌ?o foi atender a um telefonema de Fernando Collor. O meÌ?dico contou com a ajuda de treÌ?s psicoÌ?logas, que submeteram aÌ?s entrevistadas um questionaÌ?rio com 30 perguntas.
+enorme dos Aqueus. Na segunda, mais Mozart:
+«Foi assim em 91 pelo Santos quando viramos o jogo no Morumbi com dois gols meus, na vitoÌ?ria de 2 a 1.»
+Vou ter que arrumar uns VTs dos uÌ?ltimos jogos dessas seleçoÌ?es e, se der, vou assistir aos jogos deles este ano. EÌ? normal, porque eu naÌ?o esperava que fosse trabalhar nesta Copa. A partir da portaria assinada ontem pelo ministro da Fazenda, mesmo que o administrador do fundo faça o saque de aplicaçoÌ?es em URV no Banco Central antes de completados 15 dias uÌ?teis, naÌ?o pagaraÌ? mais o IOF.
+O governo brasileiro deve fechar o acordo com os credores na proÌ?xima sexta-feira, dia 15, em Nova York. O presidente do Banco Central, Pedro Malan, deveraÌ? assinar o acordo com o presidente do ComiteÌ? Assessor dos Bancos Credores, William Rhodes, que eÌ? vice-presidente do Citibank. Dimenstein e Krieger confirmaram, na 21ª Vara Criminal de SaÌ?o Paulo, a reportagem e relataram que Alves fez dois pronunciamentos na CaÌ?mara defendendo as funcionaÌ?rias do Congresso envolvidas no esquema de prostituiçaÌ?o.
+Como veÌ? as denuÌ?ncias de corrupçaÌ?o na poliÌ?cia de SaÌ?o Paulo?
+Carlos Monforte. O piloto deveu o fracasso aÌ?s mudanças nos carros impostas pela FIA a partir do Grande PreÌ?mio de MoÌ?naco. «Fomos muito prejudicados pelo novo regulamento», disse.
+O jogo da Superliga Nacional seraÌ? saÌ?bado, aÌ?s 20h30, no MaracanaÌ?zinho. O ingresso custaraÌ? um quilo de alimentos que iraÌ?o para a campanha «Natal sem Fome», do socioÌ?logo Hebert de Souza. Antes haveraÌ? um jogo de ex-jogadores, como JoseÌ? Roberto GuimaraÌ?es, Bernardinho e Barnard.
+O governo Clinton estaÌ? acusando seus predecessores (Reagan e Bush) de terem ignorado as primeiras revelaçoÌ?es, em 1986, de que os EUA haviam feito testes com radiaçaÌ?o em pessoas que serviram de cobaias involuntaÌ?rias. Clinton prometeu apurar e revalar todos os detalhes desses experimentos da eÌ?poca da Guerra Fria. Mark Gearan, diretor de comunicaçaÌ?o da Casa Branca, disse que os ex -- presidentes Ronald Reagan e George Bush naÌ?o deram «nenhum auxiÌ?lio» ao trabalho do deputado Ed Markey, do Partido Democrata (de Clinton), que haÌ? oito anos afirmou que essas experieÌ?ncias haviam ocorrido.
+Para Rosa, a distribuiçaÌ?o do remeÌ?dio eÌ? rigorosa. «HaÌ? um meÌ?dico especializado em cada posto para receitar o remeÌ?dio em doses certas», disse. (Amaury Ribeiro Jr.)
+O liÌ?der rebateu criÌ?ticas do presidente do PT, Rui FalcaÌ?o, aÌ? suposta omissaÌ?o dos deputados na direçaÌ?o da campanha de Lula. «Nunca foi colocado que deveriÌ?amos ter representaçaÌ?o no comando», disse. Nas conversas com os militares, eles discutem tambeÌ?m a criaçaÌ?o de um MinisteÌ?rio da Defesa, que reuniria o ExeÌ?rcito, a Marinha e a AeronaÌ?tica.
+Folha A tendeÌ?ncia de globalizaçaÌ?o tornou a estrateÌ?gia mais importante que haÌ? 20 anos?
+FHC, no Aqui Agora, mal sabia o que priorizar, se os salaÌ?rios em queda ou os preços em alta. Estava acuado, jaÌ? que o ministro do Trabalho simplesmente «sumiu», segundo o Jornal Bandeirantes. Sozinho, Fernando Henrique sugeriu bobagens como o dia de reflexaÌ?o no dia da greve geral.
+ (Paulo Francisco)
+O menino R., 12, que estava na loja olhando as armas, disse ter em casa uma reÌ?plica de uma 7.65 que ganhou do pai. HaÌ? dez anos, os EUA fecharam acordo semelhante com Cuba que autorizava a imigraçaÌ?o de 20 mil cubanos por ano. Mas Washington vem concedendo vistos para menos de 2.700 cubanos por ano.
+Os imigrantes trouxeram muitas coisas da cultura de seus paiÌ?ses para o Brasil. O futebol, por exemplo, foi trazido pelos ingleses que vieram para caÌ? na eÌ?poca da construçaÌ?o das estradas de ferro. A pizza, a sopa e a palavra tchau (ciao no original) saÌ?o «presente» dos italianos.
+O brasileiro conseguiu um oÌ?timo tempo (1min23s594), deixando as duas Ferrari para traÌ?s. Se Barrichello larga numa boa colocaçaÌ?o, o mesmo naÌ?o se pode dizer de Christian Fittipaldi. Guias viram Los Angeles e Roma do avesso
+Mas BethaÌ?nia confessa sua simpatia pela rainha, a quem conheceu no Brasil. Sente que, seÌ?culos atraÌ?s, talvez tenha tido alguma coisa a ver com reis, rainhas, cortes, coisas assim:
+Precisamos tomar muito cuidado para que eles naÌ?o tomem conta da partida, com o incentivo da torcida», afirmou o atacante baiano, preocupado com a força das arquibancadas. Outro que daÌ? importaÌ?ncia ao fator torcida eÌ? Zinho. «EÌ? o chamado 12º jogador», disse o meia.
+ Israel fecha Muro das LamentaçoÌ?es para evitar violeÌ?ncia; OLP diz que ONU deve aprovar proteçaÌ?o armada
+As atletas protestaram, alegando que a suspensaÌ?o eÌ? ilegal segundo as leis alemaÌ?s. Os seus advogados argumentam que a medida foi rigorosa demais e que nenhuma pessoa pode ser privada do exerciÌ?cio de sua profissaÌ?o. A comissaÌ?o, que haÌ? sete meses investiga o desvio de recursos do INSS, calcula ainda que os pagamentos irregulares de aposentadoria no Rio de Janeiro causaram outro prejuiÌ?zo de mais US$ 1,5 bilhaÌ?o, o que daÌ? um rombo total aos cofres do instituto de US$ 3 bilhoÌ?es.
+Para quem tem um pouco de pessimismo correndo em suas veias, «NaÌ?o MataraÌ?s» eÌ? um filme necessaÌ?rio. Concebido como um dos episoÌ?dios do «DecaÌ?logo» seÌ?rie de dez filmes que o diretor poloneÌ?s Krzysztof Kieslowski realizou tendo por tema os dez mandamentos, «NaÌ?o MataraÌ?s» eÌ? uma demonstraçaÌ?o dos pontos de vista cristaÌ?os do cineasta. NaÌ?o haÌ? alegria, nem redençaÌ?o no universo de Kieslowski, apenas puniçaÌ?o.
+Com a especulaçaÌ?o de que JoseÌ? Aparecido de Oliveira estaria deixando a embaixada brasileira em Lisboa para ocupar um ministeÌ?rio, assessores de Itamar lembram a desventura do primeiro-amigo e presidente da Telerj, JoseÌ? de Castro, quando fez convite semelhante ao poliÌ?tico mineiro. Foi em 93. Castro ligou para Lisboa e disse a Aparecido:
+As entidades ligadas aÌ? defesa dos direitos humanos que pretendem «fiscalizar» as operaçoÌ?es policiais estaÌ?o mobilizadas para cobrar a apuraçaÌ?o dos responsaÌ?veis pela morte de duas pessoas, viÌ?timas de balas perdidas, ocorridas anteontem no Rio. A estudante Lidiane Paz CorreÌ?a da Silva, 13, graÌ?vida de treÌ?s meses, e Norelino Eduardo de Oliveira, 65, foram mortos atingidos por balas perdidas oriundas de operaçoÌ?es da PM (PoliÌ?cia Militar) em favelas cariocas. O general afirmou tambeÌ?m que o presidente Itamar Franco aguarda apenas a definiçaÌ?o dos percentuais de aumento dos servidores puÌ?blicos federais civis, para editar a medida provisoÌ?ria da isonomia.
+ApoÌ?s essa transfereÌ?ncia, o toner eÌ? secado e a linha do cilindro eÌ? restaurada, a fim de começar um novo processo. «A campanha estaÌ? muito tensa. Raupp jaÌ? sofreu vaÌ?rias ameaças de morte», disse o assessor do candidato, Carlos ArauÌ?jo.
+ ARTHUR NESTROVSKI
+ Economista faz criÌ?ticas ao Plano FHC
+ TitulaçaÌ?o -- bacharel em quiÌ?mica, em quiÌ?mica tecnoloÌ?gica ou quiÌ?mico industrial
+RararaÌ?!
+AutoritaÌ?rio, narcisista, com a mania de meter a maÌ?o em tudo, Pinto agia como seus modelos da Broadway, sobrepondo o nome (e ateÌ? seu retrato) aos das estrelas de suas montagens. Seu slogan naÌ?o era menos pretensioso:
+NaÌ?o. A deduçaÌ?o em questaÌ?o estaÌ? restrita ao recolhimento da contribuiçaÌ?o previdenciaÌ?ria, cujo beneficiaÌ?rio seraÌ? o declarante ou seu dependente. As respostas aÌ?s duÌ?vidas dos leitores seraÌ?o dadas pelos teÌ?cnicos da consultoria IOB InformaçoÌ?es Objetivas.
+ Minuta da MP a que a Folha teve acesso estabelece caÌ?lculo pelo periÌ?odo de reajuste previsto nos contratos
+Prime rate: 7,25% ao ano. Libor: 4,8750%. AÇOÌ?ES
+ Texto naÌ?o fixa dia 30 para conversaÌ?o
+Os contribuintes com mais de dez comprovantes de rendimento devem consolidar os valores em um uÌ?nico comprovante e em Ufir. O comprovante deve ser autenticado nas unidades da Receita. Ronaldo -- Foi dormir anteontem sem falar com a sua famiÌ?lia no Brasil.
+A medida empolgou o time que, aÌ? frente, descuidou a defesa, especialmente o zagueiro Ricardo Gomes. De suas falhas na cobertura, saiÌ?ram os gols de Honduras. PFL aluga 27 oÌ?nibus para receber FHC
+Por meio de Severino Barbaça, criaram entaÌ?o o «Homem da Meia-Noite» e passaram a desfilar quatro horas antes do concorrente. Barbaça jaÌ? morreu, mas seu boneco gigante ainda faz sucesso. EÌ? a mais conhecida das cerca de 250 figuras que todos os anos saem aÌ?s ruas de Olinda, arrastando milhares de pessoas por onde passam.
+Um juiz de Feira de Santana, advertido por fiscais, confirmou a troca e determinou a reversaÌ?o dos votos. Mas os indiÌ?cios de troca sem flagrante saÌ?o muitos. Ornelas, poliÌ?tico do interior, com mais votos do que AntoÌ?nio Carlos ateÌ? em urnas de Salvador, eÌ? mais do que suspeito.
+Giomi -- AteÌ? março. Podemos fazer o ajuste em duas etapas. O contingenciamento de verbas seria uma forma.
+Outro soÌ? para trabalhar com o reais. O programa traz ainda um desafio para os usuaÌ?rios: descobrir o segredo para a conquista do sucesso intergalaÌ?ctico. Quem encontrar a resposta ganha um PC multimiÌ?dia ou US$ 5.000.
+Tentando a reeleiçaÌ?o, o deputado ZeÌ? Gomes da Rocha (PRN-GO) naÌ?o desgrudava da comitiva do candidato do PMDB a governador de GoiaÌ?s, Maguito Vilela. Numa visita ao interior do Estado, chegou ao aeroporto antes do candidato e naÌ?o perdeu tempo. Embarcou em outro aviaÌ?o e seguiu para a proÌ?xima cidade do roteiro de Maguito.
+Embora seja um problema social menos urgente e mais restrito, o reconhecimento de direitos previdenciaÌ?rios e sucessoÌ?rios para casais homossexuais tambeÌ?m seria uma medida correta. Afinal, direitos da cidadania naÌ?o se definem em funçaÌ?o da orientaçaÌ?o sexual. De qualquer forma, trazer esses importantes temas para o debate nacional eÌ? uma atitude louvaÌ?vel, sobretudo quando se considera que eles naÌ?o teÌ?m caraÌ?ter eleiçoeiro, muito pelo contraÌ?rio.
+O prazo de 12 meses, para revisaÌ?o de valores, eÌ? inadequado a um segmento cujos insumos baÌ?sicos, em grande parte fornecidos por oligopoÌ?lios e monopoÌ?lios, teÌ?m sido livremente majorados, cada qual em periÌ?odos proÌ?prios e com variaçaÌ?o muitas vezes acima da inflaçaÌ?o. O crescimento das aplicaçoÌ?es financeiras, devido aos juros atraentes, tambeÌ?m influenciou de forma positiva na arrecadaçaÌ?o do primeiro semestre, porque resultou num aumento de 20,59% no IR sobre tais aplicaçoÌ?es. Cobrado a partir de janeiro, o IPMF (Imposto ProvisoÌ?rio sobre MovimentaçaÌ?o Financeira) chegou a US$ 2,16 bilhoÌ?es no semestre.
+VoceÌ? decide: vai ser solidaÌ?rio ou preconceituoso?
+ FLUMINENSE
+Pelo partido, Lula disputou treÌ?s eleiçoÌ?es na deÌ?cada de 80. Ficou em quarto lugar concorrendo ao governo de SaÌ?o Paulo em 82, se elegeu com a maior votaçaÌ?o jaÌ? obtida por um deputado federal para o Congresso constituinte e foi derrotado por Collor no segundo turno de 89, quando foi votado por mais de 31 milhoÌ?es de brasileiros. O restante dos projetos, cujas consequeÌ?ncias nos cofres puÌ?blicos ainda estaÌ?o sendo calculadas pelos tucanos, deveraÌ? ultrapassar a R$ 1,5 bilhaÌ?o.
+Começam a considerar a hipoÌ?tese de uma derrota. Na cidade de Vitez, tropas britaÌ?nicas tambeÌ?m foram alvo dos franco-atiradores. Os outros treÌ?s incidentes ocorreram em Sarajevo.
+Manoel Novaes era um conhecido deputado da Bahia nos anos 50, mas raramente subia aÌ? tribuna da CaÌ?mara para discursar. AteÌ? que, certo dia, virou alvo do deputado udenista Carlos Lacerda, temido pela oratoÌ?ria inflamada. Lacerda apontava Novaes como exemplo de poliÌ?tico que se aproveitava de serviços puÌ?blicos em seu Estado para ganhar votos.
+Passou o dia em BrasiÌ?lia. Negou que tenha plagiado o programa do PT para agricultura, conforme acusaçaÌ?o de Lula. No começo da noite, foi para o Rio visitar comiteÌ? suprapartidaÌ?rio de sua candidatura na Lagoa (zona sul).
+O SaÌ?o Paulo errou muito em um dos fundamentos mais prezados pelo teÌ?cnico TeleÌ? Santana: os passes. Faltou tambeÌ?m inspiraçaÌ?o ao time do Morumbi. O time brasileiro beneficiou-se de pelo menos um erro da arbitragem: o peÌ?nalti em Palhinha.
+A cadeia de Londrina (norte do ParanaÌ?), desativada no uÌ?ltimo final de semana, virou atraçaÌ?o turiÌ?stica. Famoso por inuÌ?meras fugas e rebelioÌ?es, o preÌ?dio construiÌ?do na deÌ?cada de 40 recebeu centenas de curiosos esta semana. Eles foram conhecer as precaÌ?rias instalaçoÌ?es onde ficavam 120 presos.
+O Aberto de TeÌ?nis da AustraÌ?lia entra em sua semana decisiva com a previsaÌ?o de mais calor nas quadras do Flinders Park. A perspectiva eÌ? assustadora porque, ateÌ? ontem, 18 tenistas jaÌ? tinham abandonado seus jogos em consequeÌ?ncia do forte calor. A «fritura» dos jogadores faz com que muitos dos resultados sejam influenciados pela resisteÌ?ncia maior ao calor deste ou daquele atleta, nivelando o aspecto teÌ?cnico.
+O serviço Folha InformaçoÌ?es Arte por Fax, que transmite desde o dia 3 de dezembro trabalhos de 11 artistas que estaÌ?o expondo na 22ª Bienal Internacional de SaÌ?o Paulo, jaÌ? atendeu 3.956 ligaçoÌ?es. As obras mais pedidas pelo fax 011/224-4032 foram as do brasileiro HeÌ?lio Oiticica (394) e as do norte-americano John Outterbridge (333). Os espanhoÌ?is derrotaram os bolivianos por 3 a 1.
+tel. Para ela, o poder, que eÌ? inerente a qualquer comunidade poliÌ?tica, resulta da capacidade humana para agir em conjunto, o que, por sua vez, requer o consenso de muitos quanto a um curso comum de açaÌ?o. Por isso, poder e violeÌ?ncia saÌ?o termos opostos: a afirmaçaÌ?o absoluta de um significa a auseÌ?ncia do outro.
+Tivesse lido a apresentaçaÌ?o, saberia que o estudo abrange apenas a fase anterior aÌ? criaçaÌ?o do CPT (que começa com «MacunaiÌ?ma»). Fui claro ao escrever:
+Parece que, nos Estados Unidos, isso virou uma verdadeira praga, com a moda dos desconstrucionistas. O leitor se tornou, de fato, soberano e se algum leitor acha que descobriu num livro coisas que o autor naÌ?o sonhou sequer sugerir, pior para o autor. Em «InterpretaçaÌ?o e SuperinterpretaçaÌ?o», um debate estimulante eÌ? travado em torno desse estado de coisas.
+«Acabei de matar minha famiÌ?lia.»
+O pragmatismo do PT aÌ? frente de algumas prefeituras mineiras nem sempre eÌ? bem aceito pelos chamados aliados «progressistas» do partido. Repete-se nas prefeituras o embate ideoloÌ?gico que embala a elaboraçaÌ?o do programa de um eventual governo de Luiz InaÌ?cio Lula da Silva. Oito meses depois de eleito, o prefeito petista de Belo Horizonte, Patrus Ananias, foi brindado pela Executiva Regional do PT com uma nota dura.
+Briga com com Ted Atlas, que o acusa de «arrogaÌ?ncia» e o ameaça com revoÌ?lver apontado para sua cabeça. Atlas eÌ? dispesando por Cus D'Amato. Nas seletivas dos EUA para a OlimpiÌ?ada de Los Angeles, Tyson eÌ? eliminado por Henry Tillman e Tyrell Biggs.
+ EDUARDO BELO
+Mesmo depois do gol, o Corinthians continuou lento. Os meias Marcelinho (seis desarmes completos) e Casagrande (dois) e o atacante Rivaldo (cinco) naÌ?o marcavam. Para ajudar os volantes Ezequiel e ZeÌ? Elias, o centroavante Viola voltava para a defesa.
+Processo de indenizaçaÌ?o contra a empresa de taÌ?xi-aeÌ?reo Kovacs deveraÌ? ser movido pelas famiÌ?lias do jornalista Eduardo de Luna, JoaÌ?o Maria (operador de VT) e de Anderson Vale (co-piloto), mortos em acidente de aviaÌ?o quando cobriam inauguraçoÌ?es do governo. Ele afirma que a oportunidade significa uma nova dimensaÌ?o de vida. «Agora que estou trabalhando posso ajudar minha maÌ?e e meus irmaÌ?os e tambeÌ?m pensar em casar e ter filhos.»
+AutodirecionaÌ?vel, o eixo traseiro corrige a trajetoÌ?ria do carro quando este chega proÌ?ximo do limite de adereÌ?ncia. A reaçaÌ?o embora aumente a estabilidade causa uma «jogada» de traseira que acaba assustando o motorista. Os pontos fracos saÌ?o a visibilidade traseira em manobras, acesso ao interior e o reduzido espaço no porta-luvas (naÌ?o daÌ? para levar nem o manual do proprietaÌ?rio).
+Aleixo Garcia, 56, Vila OliÌ?mpia, zona oeste, tel. 822-3200. Computer Place: r. Clodomiro Amazonas, 556, Itaim Bibi, zona oeste, tel. 820-2851.
+ BEETHOVEN ESTAÌ? DE VOLTA
+Deixou-os aos 19 anos para tambeÌ?m ser ator, mas escreveu sua primeira peça e descobriu outra carreira. O filme fazia parte de um projeto maior de intercaÌ?mbio cultural entre os EUA e a AmeÌ?rica Latina (um dos episoÌ?dios, «My Friend Bonito», estava sendo filmado no MeÌ?xico), que se inseria na «poliÌ?tica de boa vizinhança» do presidente Franklin Delano Roosevelt, preocupado em trazer o continente (e, em especial, GetuÌ?lio Vargas) para o lado dos aliados. Welles chega ao Rio com o objetivo de filmar o Carnaval em Technicolor mas ainda sem uma ideÌ?ia precisa na cabeça.
+O premieÌ? Yitzhak Rabin e o chanceler Shimon Peres teÌ?m uma velha disputa de vaidades. Cada um jaÌ? foi premieÌ? de Israel duas vezes. Mas hoje formam uma «boa dupla», segundo Sivan:
+«O principal eÌ? o componente poliÌ?tico-eleitoral», afirma. CalendaÌ?rio apertado
+Ele vai declarar apoio a QueÌ?rcia e tentar mostrar que controla a sucessaÌ?o paulista no PMDB. Banda faz estreÌ?ia high tech de clipe
+ Renda -- R$ 28.443,00
+A Bahia Pesca (oÌ?rgaÌ?o ligado aÌ? Secretaria Estadual da Agricultura) colocou 80 mil alevinos (filhotes de peixes) em 120 hectares da Lagoa de Pituaçu, em Salvador. A previsaÌ?o eÌ? de que nos proÌ?ximos meses mais 210 alevinos seraÌ?o colocados no local. O general britaÌ?nico Michael Rose, comandante das forças de paz da ONU na BoÌ?snia, fracassou em sua tentativa de reunir liÌ?deres seÌ?rvios e muçulmanos para discutir os combates ocorridos nos uÌ?ltimos dias em Sarajevo, que jaÌ? mataram quatro pessoas.
+ Igreja-Sat entra em operaçaÌ?o em12 de outubro com 30 programas
+No domingo, a Folha tentou marcar uma entrevista com Marisa assim que ela desembarcou em Nova York. Ela recomendou procurar os assessores de Lula. A assessoria disse depois que Lula naÌ?o queria que Marisa desse qualquer declaraçaÌ?o aÌ? imprensa.
+PrevisoÌ?es de Heron do Carmo, assistente de coordenaçaÌ?o do IÌ?ndice de Preços ao Consumidor da Fipe, indicam inflaçaÌ?o proÌ?xima a 2,5% para este meÌ?s, taxa que pode tambeÌ?m se repetir em janeiro. Segundo a Roland, a qualidade do som do novo teclado eÌ? equivalente aÌ? dos produtos da linha profissional da empresa. O preço eÌ? US$ 1.200.
+AiÌ? eu acompanhei. Foi tudo por acaso. A intençaÌ?o eÌ? oÌ?bvia: evitar a formaçaÌ?o de governos minoritaÌ?rios, dificultando a ocorreÌ?ncia de crises administrativas e institucionais.
+A Benetton comemorou o tiÌ?tulo de Schumacher em uma casa noturna de Adelaide. Os convites jaÌ? estavam impressos, mas em nuÌ?mero bem inferior ao nuÌ?mero de pessoas que foram convidadas. Os dois pilotos brasileiros foram categoÌ?ricos.
+ProÌ?-Labor -- Força Jovem para o Interior: ligaçoÌ?es gratuitas para a central de oportunidades em BrasiÌ?lia pelos telefones (061) 800-0222 e (061) 800-0194. Esta eÌ? a 15ª Copa a primeira foi em 1930, em MontevideÌ?u, no Uruguai. O Brasil eÌ? o uÌ?nico paiÌ?s que nunca deixou de participar da Copa.
+ Geografia futeboliÌ?stica
+ Artista plaÌ?stica faz «arte» em paredes
+A nova forma de correçaÌ?o pode tambeÌ?m trazer de volta ao mercado imobiliaÌ?rio os investidores. Se o Plano FHC der certo e a inflaçaÌ?o cair, a renda do aluguel pode ser melhor negoÌ?cio que as aplicaçoÌ?es financeiras, hoje beneficiadas pelos juros altos. Assinada pelo conselheiro juriÌ?dico George Freeman, o texto do «NYT» pede a Rothenberg que cancele os formulaÌ?rios enviados aos mais de 5.000 jornalistas que tentam o credenciamento para a competiçaÌ?o.
+1) AplicaçaÌ?o, treÌ?s vezes ao ano, de avaliaçoÌ?es de rendimento escolar, em portugueÌ?s e matemaÌ?tica, formuladas mediante as diretrizes apontadas pelas propostas curriculares do Estado de SaÌ?o Paulo. Juro sobe e doÌ?lar vale menos que o real
+Mais: nos uÌ?ltimos meses, deu aÌ? «galera de baixo poder aquisitivo das redondezas» duas caixas cheias de roupas que naÌ?o usava peças improvaÌ?veis, adquiridas nos surtos de consumo compensatoÌ?rio dos tempos da ansiedade e se desobrigou de «aproveitar» toda e qualquer ocasiaÌ?o social. «NaÌ?o vou a lugar nenhum aÌ? noite, odeio estreÌ?ia, naÌ?o vou aÌ? estreÌ?ia de ningueÌ?m, soÌ? vou aÌ? minha porque sou obrigada. NaÌ?o sou mais moderna».
+Se naÌ?o for possiÌ?vel, sempre na hipoÌ?tese de um governo mais ou menos bem-sucedido, o candidato governista sairaÌ? do ninho tucano: ou Mario Covas, se ganhar em SaÌ?o Paulo dado que todo governador paulista eÌ? sempre um presidenciaÌ?vel em potencial, ou Tasso Jeressaiti, o tucano mais afinado com FHC. Lucena usou recursos puÌ?blicos para imprimir 130 mil calendaÌ?rios com sua fotografia no ano passado para propaganda eleitoral. O TSE jaÌ? tem coÌ?pias de cadernos e calendaÌ?rios impressos no Senado por oito parlamentares.
+ Mulher de detetive morto no Rio protesta contra governo do Estado
+ Meu querido, doce Adolf,
+«Trabalhamos o corpo em meio aÌ? multiplicidade de imagens sem corpo da multimiÌ?dia atual.»
+Seu espaguete al cartoccio recebe apenas frutos do mar e molho de tomates. A casa usa bastante o molho «fresco», de tomates levemente refogados e fervidos na hora, no lugar daqueles de longo cozimento comuns nas cantinas. EÌ? basicamente este o procedimento do molho que recobre os linguini que acompanham um delicado fileÌ? de linguado.
+Meu amado «Fuehrer»!
+ Brasoft tel. (011) 725-3511
+ RelatoÌ?rio aponta turismo de parlamentares
+Tanaka Toshyas, dono do restaurante japoneÌ?s Jipangu, disse estar «revoltado» com a interdiçaÌ?o de seu estabelecimento. «EÌ? claro que quando voceÌ? estaÌ? cozinhando, o local fica um pouco sujo», disse. Dedos cruzados
+ Radial distribui encadernadora
+«Zagalo eÌ? inteligente, poreÌ?m inseguro. Essa sua anguÌ?stia permanente provoca um prejuiÌ?zo consideraÌ?vel para o nosso futebol. Pode-se ler a desisteÌ?ncia sob um de dois aÌ?ngulos.
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+A imagem dos cartoÌ?rios no Brasil eÌ? tal que viraram quase que sinoÌ?nimo de burocracia, lentidaÌ?o e transtorno. E a histoÌ?ria dessas insituiçoÌ?es parece justificar a impressaÌ?o. Sua titularidade era transferida hereditariamente, sistema que, eÌ? oÌ?bvio, desconsidera a existeÌ?ncia de qualquer qualificaçaÌ?o para a atividade.
+AmeÌ?rico Marques Costa embarcou com os pimpolhos para temporada em La Parva, Chile. *. Luiza Erundina, JoseÌ? Dirceu e toda trupe do PT pilotam terça-feira queijo, vinho e festa baile no bar Avenida
+ Gheorghe Hagi, 29
+EstaÌ?o abertas desde ontem as inscriçoÌ?es para o concurso puÌ?blico de provas e tiÌ?tulos para o preenchimento de 60 vagas de promotor da Justiça. Os candidatos podem se inscrever ateÌ? o dia 12 de setembro. Quatro vagas estaÌ?o reservadas aos portadores de deficieÌ?ncia fiÌ?sica.
+Pois, como em todos os campos da atividade humana, a inexperieÌ?ncia, o despreparo, a falta de viveÌ?ncia acumulada castiga os neoÌ?fitos, tanto quanto a pretensaÌ?o costuma derrubar os arrogantes. A negociaçaÌ?o com os ruralistas começou em fevereiro, quando os parlamentares ameaçaram naÌ?o votar projetos do Plano Real se o governo naÌ?o atendesse suas reivindicaçoÌ?es. Ainda ontem a bancada tentava baixar os juros maÌ?ximos dos empreÌ?stimos de 11,5% para 10%.
+A outra açaÌ?o, por improbidade administrativa, estaÌ? suspensa na Justiça Federal. PROCEDIMENTOS SAÌ?O DUVIDOSOS (Da Sucursal de BrasiÌ?lia)
+«NaÌ?o estaÌ? nada definido». Mas aconselha os proprietaÌ?rios a buscarem um acordo com os inquilinos agora. Segundo Gebara, o acerto traz como vantagem tranquilidade aÌ? relaçaÌ?o entre inquilino e proprietaÌ?rio e ambos estaraÌ?o livres de qualquer susto quando vier a conversaÌ?o obrigatoÌ?ria com a troca da moeda.
+Tratamento combinado de cirurgia, quimioterapia ou radioterapia cura ateÌ? 85% dos pacientes, dependendo do tipo de tumor. HaÌ? ainda formas de caÌ?ncer oÌ?sseo que teÌ?m origem em tumores malignos de outros oÌ?rgaÌ?os, como a proÌ?stata. Para o governador, a direçaÌ?o dos tiros indica que houve uma ordem neste sentido e um comandante.
+O desempate foi vencido pelos Rockets anteontem aÌ? noite, no Summit de Houston, que teve suas dependeÌ?ncias lotadas pelos torcedores (16.279 lugares). Os Rockets bateram os Knicks por 90 a 84. O tiÌ?tulo de campeaÌ?o retorna aÌ? ConfereÌ?ncia Oeste da NBA, apoÌ?s cinco anos na posse de equipes da ConfereÌ?ncia Leste (bi do Detroit Pistons e tri do Chicago Bulls).
+O Conselho Superior do MinisteÌ?rio PuÌ?blico (MP) de SaÌ?o Paulo aprovou ontem a abertura de inqueÌ?rito civil para investigar suposto dano ao patrimoÌ?nio puÌ?blico causado pelo ex-presidente da Telesp, AntoÌ?nio IgnaÌ?cio de Jesus. Entre 1979 e 1990, periÌ?odo em que esteve na estatal, Jesus comprou 321 imoÌ?veis em Amparo, acumulando patrimoÌ?nio avaliado por corretores em US$ 3,8 milhoÌ?es. A decisaÌ?o de ontem ratificou o parecer do procurador Hugo Mazzilli, membro do conselho, que na semana passada votou contra o pedido de arquivamento do caso, proposto em novembro de 1993 pelo promotor MaÌ?rcio Fernando Elias Rosa.
+ SEçaÌ?O: EDITORIAL
+«Vou cantar sucessos das Supremes como 'Baby Love' e 'Stop in The Name of Love', muitas baladas, um pouco de jazz e muÌ?sicas do meu uÌ?ltimo LP», disse Diana em entrevista em Nova York. O puÌ?blico pode esperar uma homenagem especial a Billie Holiday, cantora interpretada por Diana no filme «Lady Sings the Blues» (1972), em um papel que lhe valeu uma indicaçaÌ?o ao Oscar. Ver para crer
+«Bela cena», diz o espectador, contente ao identificar sinais de sensibilidade naquela indigesta macarronada ao alho e oÌ?leo que eÌ? «Parenti, Serpenti». O cuidado na seleçaÌ?o dos motoristas eÌ? outro item importante apontado pelos italianos. Segundo eles, em um nuÌ?mero muito grande de casos, o motorista funciona como informante das quadrilhas.
+Pretendo ingressar como trainee em alguma grande empresa e necessito de endereços de algumas que desenvolvem esses programas.»
+Por causa do atraso, RomaÌ?rio teraÌ? de voltar hoje aÌ? AeronaÌ?utica para exames de urina, fezes e sangue, que deve ser feito de manhaÌ? cedo, com o jogador em jejum. Ontem, RomaÌ?rio fez testes na esteira rolante para medir sua capacidade aeroÌ?bica (consumo de oxigeÌ?nio). O teste daÌ? informaçoÌ?es sobre a intensidade de treinamento que deve ser aplicada ao atleta.
+Lieberman diz que os senadores deixaram pendente um projeto de lei que torna obrigatoÌ?ria a criaçaÌ?o de um sistema classificatoÌ?rio, na esperança de que os dois grupos possam chegar a um acordo. «Estamos numa etapa boa», disse ele. «Talvez nunca cheguemos aÌ? etapa perfeita».
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+ «ColeçaÌ?o ABZ», de Ziraldo Alves Pinto, R$ 5,14 cada, editora Melhoramentos
+Afinal, onde estaÌ? o corporativismo?
+ Da enviada especial a Abrolhos
+ Moradores evitam o assunto
+ Show: Philips Monsters of Rock, com Kiss, Slayer, Black Sabbath, Suicidal Tendencies, Raimundos, Viper, Dr. Sin e Angra
+Os denunciados seraÌ?o intimados a depor na Justiça. As datas dos depoimentos ainda naÌ?o foram marcadas. Perto de 70 pessoas estaÌ?o implicadas no traÌ?fico de bebeÌ?s na ParaiÌ?ba, segundo o procurador Pessoa Lins.
+«Os atlas de refereÌ?ncia e os atlas didaÌ?ticos se complementam», diz a geoÌ?grafa. LiÌ?gia Fagundes Telles, escritora, afirma que aprendeu geografia viajando, ou melhor, «pisando nas terras que vi desenhadas nas cartas geograÌ?ficas»'. O advogado HermiÌ?nio Silva vai aÌ? Alemanha tentar «cancelar a cidadania alemaÌ? das crianças, pois os pais foram enganados».
+Entre fazendas, terrenos, casas e aplicaçoÌ?es financeiras, QueÌ?rcia aponta em sua lista a propriedade de duas sepulturas no CemiteÌ?rio da Saudade, em Campinas (SP), avaliadas em CR$ 7,5 milhoÌ?es. QueÌ?rcia tem tambeÌ?m uma vice rica. IÌ?ris de ArauÌ?jo Rezende declarou possuir CR$ 10,8 bilhoÌ?es (US$ 4,8 milhoÌ?es) em comunhaÌ?o com o marido IÌ?ris Rezende, ex-governador de GoiaÌ?s.
+ Alemanha eÌ? maÌ?quina perfeita, diz goleiro
+O «Cyrus 3-D Chess» eÌ? o que se pode chamar de pequeno notaÌ?vel. Com um disquete ele oferece 16 niÌ?veis de dificuldade com obstaÌ?culos para qualquer enxadrista. Se no meio da partida o jogador notar que escolheu um estaÌ?gio muito difiÌ?cil, pode se acovardar e abaixar o niÌ?vel do jogo.
+NaÌ?o. O eleitor pode votar em candidatos de partidos diferentes, tanto nas eleiçoÌ?es majoritaÌ?rias (para presidente, governador e senadores) como nas eleiçoÌ?es proporcionais (para deputados federais e estaduais). Os candidatos naÌ?o precisam ser do mesmo partido.
+Outro ponto importante eÌ? verificar o niÌ?vel de todos os liÌ?quidos. AleÌ?m do niÌ?vel de oÌ?leo do motor eÌ? preciso checar a aÌ?gua do radiador (com o respectivo aditivo), aÌ?gua para lavagem do paÌ?ra-brisa e fluido de freio. Leve fusiÌ?veis de reposiçaÌ?o, eles saÌ?o uÌ?teis principalmente numa eventual queima do fusiÌ?vel de um farol aÌ? noite ou do limpador de paÌ?ra-brisa durante uma chuva.
+Cerca de 3.400 quilos de peixes foram distribuiÌ?dos esta semana em bairros carentes de CuiabaÌ?. O produto foi apreendido pela FundaçaÌ?o Estadual do Meio Ambiente (Fema) nas praias de Barra do Piquiri e no rio CuiabaÌ?. RIO GRANDE DO NORTE; SERGIPE; BAHIA 1; 2; PERNAMBUCO; PARAIÌ?BA 1; 2
+A oficial, sacramentada pela URV, ou todas as outras possiÌ?veis, medidas por vaÌ?rios institutos com metodologias completamente distintas?
+As presenças de Batman, Pernalonga, IrmaÌ?os Cara-de-Pau e do golfinho Flipper entre as de outros personagens de desenhos, filmes e seriados de TV seraÌ?o evocadas esta noite durante a apresentaçaÌ?o das bandas «On the Vox» e «Cara de Pau» (leia quadro). Os dois grupos teÌ?m origem e repertoÌ?rio associados a trilhas sonoras de desenhos, filmes, seriados e jingles publicitaÌ?rios. O cine Santa CeciÌ?lia e a galeria de arte, de Barros, o Mulato, que FHC frequentava no final dos anos 40 jaÌ? naÌ?o existem haÌ? 20 anos.
+Quem pretende comprar um computador Amiga pode fazer financiamento pelo Bradesco. O prazo maÌ?ximo que o banco oferece eÌ? de 24 meses. Outra possibilidade eÌ? aproveitar a oferta que a PCI estaÌ? fazendo ateÌ? o final deste meÌ?s.
+Fuvest -- travessa J, 374, 5º andar, sala 508, Antigo EdifiÌ?cio da Reitoria, Cidade UniversitaÌ?ria, ButantaÌ? (zona oeste de SaÌ?o Paulo), tel. (011) 212-1266, 210-2081, 818-4467, 818-4468 e 211-9133. CeÌ?lia namorava com Hamilton Moura Reis, 20, haÌ? dois anos. Apesar de engordar, ela sempre negou a gravidez.
+ EÌ? comunista
+JoseÌ? Machado de Campos Filho eÌ? um deles. Na uÌ?ltima sexta-feira, por exemplo, partiram dele as criÌ?ticas a Britto, no caso da PrevideÌ?ncia, e a Tasso Jereissati. O senador Pedro Simon (PMDB-RS), que havia insistido na aliança com outros partidos para derrotar o ex-governador, tambeÌ?m virou alvo do quercismo.
+ Ingredientes para o molho
+«Pouco a pouco, a partir de uma verdadeira porque naÌ?o coagida meditaçaÌ?o, estimulada desse modo, surge uma modificaçaÌ?o geral das opinioÌ?es». Isso soa diferente quando, em 1887, no prefaÌ?cio aÌ? nova ediçaÌ?o de «Aurora», ele trata do bom leitor:
+Conto aqui a experieÌ?ncia para quem quiser tentar. «O amor cria pontes em lugares que parecem impossiÌ?veis», diz a minha amiga. «Os outros produtos tambeÌ?m teraÌ?o de ter preços competitivos», afirmou Mauro Motta, 29, diretor de marketing do Shopping D.
+A cesta conteÌ?m alimentos baÌ?sicos desidratados e com compostos vitamiÌ?nicos. Ribeiro disse que a primeira avaliaçaÌ?o do programa, realizada seis meses apoÌ?s sua implantaçaÌ?o, revelou que 54,22% das crianças beneficiadas apresentaram aumento de peso. SP Interior 4
+Um acordo que envolve a Cartier do Brasil e a Beta InduÌ?stria e ComeÌ?rcio estaÌ? trazendo a linha de reloÌ?gios Yves Saint Laurent para o Brasil. As joalherias brasileiras jaÌ? dispoÌ?em de 5 dos 18 modelos YSL. A coleçaÌ?o completa deve chegar ateÌ? o final deste ano.
+O excesso de cautela do teÌ?cnico ProcoÌ?pio Cardoso, do Internacional, colaborou para o Palmeiras garantir por antecipaçaÌ?o a condiçaÌ?o de primeiro colocado do Grupo D, do Campeonato Brasileiro, com 15 pontos. JaÌ? os organizadores do GP da Argentina, que tambeÌ?m eÌ? apontado pela FIA como «a ser confirmado» em seu calendaÌ?rio, anunciaram ontem que US$ 10 milhoÌ?es foram alocados para a reforma do autoÌ?dromo de Buenos Aires. As obras, a principal eÌ? a construçaÌ?o de novos boxes, começam na proÌ?xima terça-feira.
+ SERGIO TORRES
+A cozinha regional tambeÌ?m estaÌ? presente na Taverna do Chafariz (rua SaÌ?o JoseÌ?, 167, tel. 031-551-2828). O estilo eÌ? «self-service» e uma refeiçaÌ?o custa cerca de CR$ 10 mil. Abre das 11h aÌ?s 15h e das 19h aÌ?s 22h.
+No caso do pagamento quinzenal, aqueles trabalhadores que recebem salaÌ?rio nos dias 15 e 30 do meÌ?s trabalhado teraÌ?o meÌ?dia superior aÌ?queles que recebem adiantamento, por exemplo, do dia 20 do meÌ?s trabalhado e o restante no quinto dia uÌ?til do meÌ?s seguinte. Sala Cinemateca, 8 de setembro, 20h e Espaço Banco Nacional, sala 1, 8 de setembro, 13h. A Guerra dos SateÌ?lites
+Ontem decidiu-se, por exemplo, que tarifas puÌ?blicas sejam convertidas segundo criteÌ?rios que respeitam o espiÌ?rito com que foi criada a URV e, portanto, com que foram convertidos os salaÌ?rios de todos os brasileiros. NaÌ?o eÌ? difiÌ?cil adivinhar quem afinal conseguiu manter-se aÌ? parte dessa decisaÌ?o crucial e que vai afetar consumidores e empresas: a PetrobraÌ?s. Para tornar ainda mais flagrante o descaso da empresa para com o puÌ?blico, sabe-se, mesmo sem abrir a caixa-preta, que o preço internacional do petroÌ?leo tem caiÌ?do sem que os usuaÌ?rios brasileiros fossem minimamente beneficiados com isso.
+No parque, cabem 7.000 carros. No hall monumental, o caixaÌ?o de Senna permaneceraÌ? lacrado, sem visor. Um cordaÌ?o de isolamento a ser formado pela PoliÌ?cia Militar organizaraÌ? a visitaçaÌ?o puÌ?blica em fila.
+Ele obteve visto de turista na embaixada brasileira em TriÌ?poli. O problema eÌ? que o visto, vaÌ?lido por apenas 30 dias, foi concedido em agosto de 90. Feira reuÌ?ne 500 expositores
+ Do enviado especial a Itumbiara
+A Delegacia da Receita Federal realiza hoje e amanhaÌ?, aÌ?s 19h, no PalaÌ?cio dos Esportes, em Natal, mais um leilaÌ?o de mercadorias estrangeiras apreendidas no Estado. SaÌ?o 120 lotes com diversos produtos. Os lances miÌ?nimos variam de CR$ 15 mil a CR$ 80 mil.
+Se os sensores detectassem irregularidades na homogeneidade da radiaçaÌ?o, estas poderiam ser consideradas como «sementes» daquelas estruturas. FormaçoÌ?es primitivas
+Ronaldo -- NaÌ?o. Mas depois daquela partida contra a IslaÌ?ndia realmente eu arrebentei, joguei muito bem, achava que naÌ?o tinha jeito de naÌ?o me convocarem. Folha -- O que voceÌ? achou das criÌ?ticas ao time de Parreira?
+ LP(40), A, HE(80)
+ 12h30
+O dinheiro brasileiro jaÌ? mudou de nome nove vezes. Com as mudanças, o governo queria acabar com a inflaçaÌ?o. Em novembro de 65, o presidente Castelo Branco cortou treÌ?s zeros do cruzeiro e o batizou como cruzeiro novo.
+O benefiÌ?cio para a empresa patrocinadora, segundo ele, seria a associaçaÌ?o entre a marca de um produto e um evento ou um grupo cultural de qualidade. Madeira afirma que isso explica por que a Shell investe em cultura haÌ? 50 anos, em companhias como o Grupo Corpo. Linha de creÌ?dito
+Para quem naÌ?o conhece, a Universidade Estadual Paulista tem 24 faculdades e institutos. As proporçoÌ?es de empresaÌ?rios e sindicalistas em ambos permanecem praticamente estaÌ?veis, embora suas bancadas tenham sofrido fortes variaçoÌ?es. O mesmo naÌ?o ocorreu com o PSDB que, desde 1989, vem se afastando do PT e se aproximando do PFL.
+Conflitos, perdas ou mudanças grandes na vida da pessoa. DuÌ?vidas com relaçaÌ?o aÌ? sexualidade. Para montar a Bruxinha, o grupo Truks usou uma teÌ?cnica japonesa de teatro de bonecos chamada «bunraku».
+ Globo deve receber intimaçaÌ?o em dez dias
+ HeÌ?lio Schwartsman
+Ao sinalizar com a aceleraçaÌ?o das privatizaçoÌ?es, indica que a agenda de reformas permanece em vigor. A estabilizaçaÌ?o e o proÌ?prio horizonte de retomada do desenvolvimento podem frustrar-se, entretanto, se a reforma fiscal ampla e consistente como precisa ser naÌ?o for executada em tempo haÌ?bil. Ainda estaÌ? faltando o fundamental.
+ SEQUEÌ?NCIA 27
+Folha -- VoceÌ? conhece os jogadores da RuÌ?ssia?
+Na reuniaÌ?o, tambeÌ?m ficou decidido que o movimento pela eÌ?tica inclui alteraçoÌ?es no regimento interno do Senado. REFRAÌ?O
+O governo perdeu nesse lance uma receita de US$ 610 milhoÌ?es. Casal eÌ? mantido refeÌ?m em assalto
+O sal e o farelo de trigo saÌ?o os insumos de raçoÌ?es balanceadas que registraram maiores altas de preços no acumulado do ano, segundo pesquisa do SindiraçoÌ?es (Sindicato Nacional da InduÌ?stria de RaçoÌ?es Balanceadas). Os aumentos atingiram 750,42% e 674,24%, respectivamente, ateÌ? a uÌ?ltima quinta-feira. Entre 12 de maio de 9 de junho, o sal tambeÌ?m liderou as variaçoÌ?es, subindo 60,71%.
+Marcelo, Walmir, Carlos Augusto, Nei e Da Guia; Pires, Donizete e Alberto; Marcelo Prates, SiÌ?lvio e MarcaÌ?o. TeÌ?cnico JoseÌ? Aparecido
+O canadense Scott Goodyear, 34, que naÌ?o conseguiu classificar seu carro para as 500 Milhas de IndianaÌ?polis, tomaraÌ? o lugar do companheiro de equipe Davy Jones, que largaria na 29ª posiçaÌ?o. A troca, permitida pelo regulamento, foi determinada pelo dono da equipe, Kenny Berstein, por razoÌ?es de contrato e patrociÌ?nio. Outra obra que ele quer ver pronta como dizia ao presidente da Embratel, Renato Archer eÌ? a Torre da Embratel, que se ergueraÌ? a 260 metros do solo no alto do SumareÌ?, para concentrar em si as antenas que ali desfiguram a paisagem.
+O tiÌ?tulo do filme eÌ? o nome do galpaÌ?o no bairro negro do Harlem em que aconteciam inusitados concursos de «desfiles», como o que as meninas fazem na infaÌ?ncia. Seus participantes todos gays interpretavam, na passarela, personagens como executivos, militares, escolares, peruas. O caraÌ?ter das competiçoÌ?es era quase o do Carnaval brasileiro: gente que, por um momento, tem a oportunidade de viver uma fantasia de um mundo de glamour.
+Disse que o gesto eÌ? «uma espeÌ?cie de auto-puniçaÌ?o», ou seja, «a pessoa reconhece que naÌ?o tem como prosseguir nas atividades parlamentares». InoceÌ?ncio Oliveira afirmou que dois deles, mesmo tendo renunciados, naÌ?o poderaÌ?o ser eleitos nas proÌ?ximas eleiçoÌ?es, porque estaÌ?o sem partido : JoaÌ?o Alves, expulso do PPR, e Genebaldo Correia, que, segundo ele, desligou-se do PMDB na segunda-feira passada. Capital estrangeiro nas Bolsas cresce 342%.
+ FRASES
+Por enquanto, Passarinho diz que tem «um compromisso com o ParaÌ?». Sua candidatura ao governo paraense foi lançada anteontem. ConstituiçaÌ?o -- Deixem o companheiro entrar!
+ Esse percentual poderaÌ? ser ultrapassado desde que respeitado o limite de 70 mil Ufirs
+ Brasil começa a recuperaçaÌ?o, dizem os consultores Drucker e Naisbitt
+Amigo de Itamar, Raul BeleÌ?m (PP-MG) dizia ontem no Congresso que o voto do Plano FHC naÌ?o poderia ser «partidaÌ?rio». Segundo o deputado, o que estava em jogo era a governabilidade. BeleÌ?m foi dos uÌ?ltimos a registrar presença.
+A PoliÌ?cia Civil prendeu em Recife o pescador Jonas Manoel Belo Vicente, 26, acusado de ter matado no dia 16 de julho de 1992 o tambeÌ?m pescador Adriano HilaÌ?rio MauriÌ?cio, 18, com 14 golpes de foice. Vicente alegou legiÌ?tima defesa. Pernambuco 2
+-- aproveitamento dos conhecimentos, teÌ?cnicas e experieÌ?ncia dosempregados;
+ Boato de que o governo pretende estabelecer mais um compulsoÌ?rio sobre operaçoÌ?es reduz negoÌ?cios nas Bolsas
+ Pesquisa preveÌ? que novo presidente teraÌ? 47% dos votos contra 24% de Lula
+ Especial para a Folha
+ ARQUIVO SECRETO
+Irreverente, populariÌ?ssimo, Alvaro soÌ? coloca a raÌ?dio para funcionar quando lhe daÌ? na telha. NaÌ?o tem compromisso com horaÌ?rio ou anunciantes. Lidera campanhas ecoloÌ?gicas e gosta de distribuir conselhos aÌ? populaçaÌ?o.
+Parece difiÌ?cil, para naÌ?o dizer injusto, defender que seres humanos sejam privados de conquistas meÌ?dicas que poderiam salvar vidas, de avanços teÌ?cnicos que facilitam a produçaÌ?o de alimentos e melhoram suas condiçoÌ?es de vida. Personagens saÌ?o outsiders
+Os investimentos continuam em Ixtapa. Desenvolvida a rede hoteleira, as praias um pouco mais distantes da cidade saÌ?o atualmente verdadeiros canteiros de obras. TreÌ?s das maiores induÌ?strias privadas do MeÌ?xico estaÌ?o desenvolvendo projetos turiÌ?sticos na regiaÌ?o.
+ Empresa investe US$ 993 mil no seu processo de Qualidade Total e consegue um certificado ISO-9002
+Se a agressividade eÌ? temporaÌ?ria, a famiÌ?lia e a escola conseguem resolver o problema», diz a psicoÌ?loga Vera Bastos de Oliveira. Qualquer loja pode concorrer, desde que sua fachada jaÌ? esteja edificada. O juÌ?ri que avaliaraÌ? as fachadas eÌ? formado por seis arquitetos da Asbea (AssociaçaÌ?o Brasileira dos EscritoÌ?rios de Arquiteura), um artista plaÌ?stico e um publicitaÌ?rio.
+ApoÌ?s um meÌ?s de testes exaustivos, os canais do sateÌ?lite A1 seraÌ?o trocados de modo imperceptiÌ?vel para o B1. O jornalista HELIO GUROVITZ viajou aÌ? Guiana Francesa a convite da Arianespace e da Embratel. A induÌ?stria paulista jaÌ? abriu 27.225 vagas desde o iniÌ?cio de setembro, dando os primeiros sinais da recuperaçaÌ?o do mercado de trabalho na esteira da estabilizaçaÌ?o da economia.
+ Aliança pode dar maioria dos votos no Congresso ao virtual presidente; PSDB quer atrair tambeÌ?m PP e PL
+Sua esteÌ?tica eÌ? inovadora e o acabamento incorpora itens nacionalizados, como a carenagem e outros adereços plaÌ?sticos. Para comprovar que tambeÌ?m tem disposiçaÌ?o para encarar passeios fora de estrada, vem com suporte de paÌ?ra-lama alto jaÌ? instalado junto aÌ? suspensaÌ?o dianteira. Neste quadro, como eÌ? oÌ?bvio, fica difiÌ?cil obter credibilidade para as poliÌ?ticas neoliberais junto ao empresariado, seu aliado indispensaÌ?vel, e pior ainda, junto aos trabalhadores.
+Em SaÌ?o Paulo, o prefeito de Piracicaba, Antonio Carlos Mendes Thame, pertenceu ao PFL. TambeÌ?m tem origem arenista o ex-deputado federal Nelson Seixas. No Rio Grande do Norte, foram da Arena/PDS/PFL o deputado federal JoaÌ?o Faustino, o ex-governador Geraldo Melo e o ex-prefeito de Natal Marcos Formiga.
+ Ramalhete
+Dono da loja -- (ao telefone) Tem que ser todos brancos. EÌ? para uma firma. (para o repoÌ?rter) Ele tem dois azuis, um verde e um prata.
+ Preço: R$ 2,50
+O Brasil estaÌ? em uÌ?ltimo lugar na evoluçaÌ?o de gastos com educaçaÌ?o entre os nove paiÌ?ses em desenvolvimento mais populosos, afirmou o diretor de educaçaÌ?o baÌ?sica da Unesco, o filipino ViÌ?tor OrdunÌ?ez, durante a ConfereÌ?ncia Nacional de EducaçaÌ?o para Todos, encerrada ontem em BrasiÌ?lia. O Brasil eÌ? o uÌ?nico paiÌ?s que registrou queda. Em 92, gastou 18% menos com educaçaÌ?o do que em 89, segundo o Ipea (Instituto de Pesquisas EconoÌ?micas Aplicadas).
+O Gol 1.000 eÌ? mais raro. As maiores concessionaÌ?rias VW estaÌ?o recebendo ateÌ? quatro modelos por dia. PoreÌ?m, esses carros naÌ?o chegam a durar ateÌ? o fim da tarde.
+ De faixa assinada pelo prefeito de Limeira, Jurandir PaixaÌ?o Filho, com secretaÌ?rio da HabitaçaÌ?o do governo Fleury, ontem «Gazeta Mercantil»
+No dia 9 de agosto, foi corrigido o barulho no motor e o veiÌ?culo foi entregue ao cliente em perfeita estado. MANUAL DO PROPRIETAÌ?RIO
+O Grupo Antarctica investiu US$ 100 milhoÌ?es em novas faÌ?bricas e na ampliaçaÌ?o da capacidade instalada de outras, diz Pereira. «Nossos investimentos estaÌ?o repercutindo agora. A produçaÌ?o das nossas faÌ?bricas de Camaçari e do Rio de Janeiro foi ampliada», diz.
+Embora ele tenha conversado com Brizola momentos antes do anuÌ?ncio da chapa, ainda faltava ontem aÌ? noite sua aceitaçaÌ?o formal da proposta. Tanto Garotinho como Silveira disseram que a chapa majoritaÌ?ria foi resultado de um processo de entendimento. A declaraçaÌ?o se refere ao lançamento, no fim de semana, das campanhas salariais dos bancaÌ?rios e dos petroleiros., reivindicando reajustes entre 50% e 130%.
+Para a maÌ?e, Taffarel soube corresponder ontem no jogo em que foi mais exigido nesta Copa. Lurdi achou o jogo «muito nervoso». «O Brasil merecia ter feito uns sete gols», afirmou.
+Soberana absoluta a musseline, e outros tecidos moles e leves, deixam as formas soltas e permitem a sobreposiçaÌ?o de comprimentos e tecidos. As transpareÌ?ncias fazem entrever o corpo, as miÌ?nis valorizam as pernas e as barrigas de fora daÌ?o o ar moderno. Procurados pela Folha, os dirigentes naÌ?o foram encontrados.
+ Da Reportagem Local
+«Nossa companhia vem crescendo dentro do mercado nacional e no exterior. Queremos lançar uma moda que tenha condiçoÌ?es de competir no mercado internacional». A escolha de nomes pouco conhecidos dentro do mercado nacional, mas com um trabalho bastante pessoal, foram as exigeÌ?ncias da empresaÌ?ria:
+1) A importadora daÌ? informaçoÌ?es sobre tiÌ?tulos por telefone para quem naÌ?o tem cataÌ?logo. JaÌ? se sabia que a homocisteiÌ?na tem papel importante na proliferaçaÌ?o de ceÌ?lulas musculares lisas, que formam nas arteÌ?rias as placas causadoras da aterosclerose. Agora os pesquisadores sugerem que, aleÌ?m disso, ela impeça que ceÌ?lulas da parede dessas arteÌ?rias se recomponham.
+«Temos um cadastro com o nome de mais de cem prestadores de serviços, entre donos de caminhoÌ?es e peruas», afirma. Ele afirma que faz o agenciamento e repassa 70% para o dono do carro, que arca com as despesas de combustiÌ?veis. Olivier, filho do estilista franceÌ?s Ted Lapidus famoso por ter criado figurinos para os Beatles, haÌ? cinco anos comanda o atelieÌ? de alta-costura do pai, em Paris.
+ (MG)
+ Da Reportagem Local e Free-Lance para a Folha
+ Crise do JudiciaÌ?rio vista pelos juiÌ?zesWALTER CENEVIVA
+ `Bienal Brasil', que termina dia 29, deve chegar aÌ? metade do puÌ?blico esperado pelo presidente da FundaçaÌ?o Bienal
+Tudo bem. Tanto que o Disk-Putas chega agora ao estuÌ?dio para gravar seu primeiro disco sob os olhos do selo Banguela, de propriedade dos proÌ?prios TitaÌ?s. Carlos Eduardo Miranda, diretor artiÌ?stico do Banguela, ressalta que «nada estaÌ? assinado», mas que acham que saÌ?o eles mesmos quem teÌ?m que lançar «Morte aos TitaÌ?s»:
+Primeiros atentados anti-semitas. ParticipaçaÌ?o da França, sob comando norte-americano, nas operaçoÌ?es contra o Iraque. Valdeir Leite Cavalcante JuÌ?nior, 20, e AntoÌ?nio Carlos da Silva, 25, saÌ?o acusados de usar esse truque para levar o carro de Roberto Niero, 35.
+ DiaÌ?logo eÌ? a saiÌ?da, diz palestino
+ Especial para a Folha
+Seu preço supera o do sistema Anhanguera-Bandeirantes, duas das rodovias mais modernas do paiÌ?s. Contratadas no governo QueÌ?rcia (1987-1991), suas obras sairiam a US$ 2,93 milhoÌ?es/km. Em pleno 1987, com o paiÌ?s perdido pelos descaminhos de Sarney, a terceira revisaÌ?o do CenaÌ?rio jaÌ? aceitava como vencedora a tese da «integraçaÌ?o».
+O TJM naÌ?o acolheu como prova um laudo de dezembro de 93 do hospital da PM. O laudo diz que Silva naÌ?o eÌ? portador do viÌ?rus HIV. «Ilegal e discriminatoÌ?rio.
+Em parte, porque o enorme mercado de produtos para imigrantes estrangeiros estaÌ? a pleno vapor. Em nenhum outro paiÌ?s as seleçoÌ?es teriam tantos torcedores. Em parte, porque a força promocional, catapultada por dez patrocinadores pesos-pesados nos EUA, tambeÌ?m funcionou.
+A editora Record vai dar a coleçaÌ?o completa de Fernando Sabino (foto) para quem encontrar o boneco do escritor, que desapareceu durante a Bienal do Livro, no parque Ibirapuera. O boneco foi furtado durante a desmontagem do estande da Record ao final da bienal. InformaçoÌ?es na Record pelos telefones (011) 549-8333 (SaÌ?o Paulo) ou (021) 585-2001 (Rio).
+A Kawasaki ZX-9R, a mais recente geraçaÌ?o da seÌ?rie Ninja, que chega ao Brasil em lançamento simultaÌ?neo com o resto do mundo, traz ainda mais aperfeiçoadas as versoÌ?es caracteriÌ?sticas da famiÌ?lia. As Ninja saÌ?o derivadas de modelos de competiçaÌ?o. Seu porte eÌ? agressivo, quase intimidativo.
+EletroÌ?nica Walgran. Depois de encontrar um deputado bem aparentado, poreÌ?m pouco conhecido morto na cozinha de seu apartamento, com um saco plaÌ?stico em cima da cabeça, uma laranja enfiada na boca e vestindo apenas um par de elegantes meias femininas, a miÌ?dia inglesa deu iniÌ?cio a um frenesi tresloucado de baixarias explicitamente escritas. Ela naÌ?o precisou esperar muito para que um peixe ainda maior caiÌ?sse em sua rede.
+«Sejam sortudos. Elejam liÌ?deres que tenham boa sorte. Sejam sortudos como os Estados Unidos no periÌ?odo de 1993 a 1995».
+O tema de AlmodoÌ?var eÌ? o desejo. Apesar de seus filmes se situarem a anos-luz de discussoÌ?es psicanaliÌ?ticas, o desejo em AlmodoÌ?var tem o significado de força da natureza pulsaÌ?o original, taÌ?o proÌ?xima da morte quanto da vida. O desejo impregna os diaÌ?logos, (des)norteia os personagens, leva situaçoÌ?es ao paroxismo.
+ReligiaÌ?o:
+Uma amizade instantaÌ?nea subverte a relaçaÌ?o entre sequestrador e refeÌ?m. O fugitivo tenta incutir um senso de virilidade no garoto; tiÌ?mido e oprimido, o garoto encontra nele uma espeÌ?cie de pai. O PDT do Rio quer o apoio do PT para a candidatura ao governo de Anthony Garotinho, que deveraÌ? disputar o segundo turno com Marcello Alencar, do PSDB.
+A Casa da Cultura da Mulher Negra de Santos diz que o nuÌ?mero de queixas de racismo que se transformam em processos penais teria tido um aumento de 50% este ano em relaçaÌ?o ao ano passado. AteÌ? o uÌ?ltimo meÌ?s de outubro, nove casos de preconceito racial envolvendo negros foram levados ao FoÌ?rum de Santos pelos advogados da Casa de Cultura. A coordenadora da Casa, Alzira Rufino, creÌ? que o aumento nas queixas tenha origem «na maior participaçaÌ?o do negro na parcela do mercado de trabalho».
+O deputado do PTB-SP Campos Machado critica petebistas que aderem a Covas:
+O receÌ?m-fundado Centro Internacional de Estudos e Pesquisa Teatral de SaÌ?o Paulo pretende formar atores e promover intercaÌ?mbio com artistas de outros paiÌ?ses. «Toda atriz sonha em ser uma espeÌ?cie de matriarca do teatro, em ter seu proÌ?prio Actor's Studio», comenta Ruth. «Cacilda Becker tambeÌ?m tinha esse sonho, que pretendo realizar.»
+NaÌ?o resistiu em incluir Jorginho ao lado de Djalma Santos e Carlos Alberto. As 125.099 sacas restantes seraÌ?o utilizadas para compor a meta de retençaÌ?o de fevereiro, ainda naÌ?o definida. Segundo o secretaÌ?rio de PoliÌ?tica Comercial do ministeÌ?rio, Frederico Robalinho, haÌ? uma oferta adicional de cafeÌ? de 333.500 sacas, cuja retençaÌ?o pelos produtores e exportadores estaÌ? condicionada a liberaçaÌ?o pelo FuncafeÌ? de um outro financiamento.
+Ele explica como as principais tendeÌ?ncias mundiais globalizaçaÌ?o da economia, estilo de vida internacional, mulheres na liderança e valorizaçaÌ?o da arte e do lazer, por exemplo alavancam novas oportunidades de negoÌ?cios e estimulam o surgimento de empresas. Grande SP registra mais oito casos de leptospirose
+A novidade entre as convocadas eÌ? a pivoÌ? Dalila BulcaÌ?o Mello, desconhecida ateÌ? da comissaÌ?o teÌ?cnica e que passou os uÌ?ltimos quatro anos jogando em uma equipe universitaÌ?ria norte-americana da segunda divisaÌ?o. Os dados estatiÌ?sticos registrados pela jogadora motivaram a comissaÌ?o a chamaÌ?-la para observaçaÌ?o. Na uÌ?ltima semana, a usina investiu US$ 3,2 milhoÌ?es (CR$ 4,5 bilhoÌ?es) na compra de 35 caminhoÌ?es Scania.
+ PrevisoÌ?es dos livros jaÌ? se concretizaram
+Marcos Garça; Capone, AndreÌ? Beraldo e LuiÌ?s Carlos; SimpliÌ?cio, Fernando, Serginho, Ronaldo e LeÌ?lis; Leto e Celinho. TeÌ?cnico Oswaldo Alvarez
+ Free-lance para a Folha
+A Maior alta foi do grupo de produtos de higiene pessoal, com 4,01%. As evoluçoÌ?es individuais mais significativas no periÌ?odo foram do papel higieÌ?nico, com 7,95%, e macarraÌ?o, que teve aumento de 5,63%. Moradores da zona sul estaÌ?o aÌ? espera de asfalto haÌ? 25 anos
+Nos uÌ?ltimos oito anos, 1.002 pessoas foram contaminadas pelo viÌ?rus da Aids no Estado. Segundo a Secretaria de SauÌ?de, existem 20 mil portadores do HIV em FlorianoÌ?polis. A cidade estaÌ? na frente do Rio, de Campinas, Recife, Fortaleza, Curitiba, Salvador e BrasiÌ?lia.
+ Especial para a Folha
+EÌ?lzio Romualdo Segundo (PPR), de Itajobi, tambeÌ?m confirmou ter assinado a lista. «Assinei porque ele eÌ? a pessoa mais indicada», declarou. «Se o Maluf sair candidato, vou ver o que posso fazer».
+Grande parte dos restaurantes da cidade estaraÌ? oferecendo algum tipo de promoçaÌ?o para os namorados neste domingo, Dia dos Namorados. VaÌ?o de coqueteÌ?is a cardaÌ?pios confeccionados para a data, passando por preços promocionais e sobremesas especiais. Uma das mais interessantes eÌ? a do Chez Nous (r.
+AteÌ? nos EUA o taÌ?xi eÌ? mais barato», diz. Jeffrey Neale, diretor-geral do Free Jazz Festival, reclamou muito dos engarrafamentos e da poluiçaÌ?o da cidade. Para ele, esses dois itens afugentam turistas.
+EÌ? raro voceÌ? ver um muÌ?sico escrever para falar bem de outros muÌ?sicos. Como voceÌ? se define sexualmente?
+Pioneiro do gauchismo nas letras, SimoÌ?es Lopes Neto destacou sobretudo a figura do gauÌ?cho-heroÌ?i em sua literatura. «A maior parte dos textos (...) tem como (...) intençaÌ?o comum subjacente a valorizaçaÌ?o do gauÌ?cho-heroÌ?i, em duas modalidades baÌ?sicas (que saÌ?o, no fundo, muito semelhantes), ou apontando para a transformaçaÌ?o do Rio Grande moderno, em que o heroÌ?i agoniza, prestes a desaparecer, ou enfatizando, confiantes, a persisteÌ?ncia do heroÌ?i, apesar das transformaçoÌ?es tidas como secundaÌ?rias e superficiais», diz LiÌ?gia Chiappini Morais Leite, autora de um dos principais estudos sobre o autor. «Basicamente o que se quer», continua, «eÌ? exaltar um tipo humano considerado ideal, o gauÌ?cho-heroÌ?i, e confrontaÌ?-lo com o seu contraÌ?rio o gauÌ?cho da cidade, o trabalhador agriÌ?cola, geralmente colono, enfraquecido e envilecido por atividades degradantes e menos nobres do que o pastoreio; e o inimigo tradicional: o uruguaio».
+Relato da trajetoÌ?ria artiÌ?stica do diretor teatral Antunes Filho nas uÌ?ltimas duas deÌ?cadas, com anaÌ?lise de sua propostas esteÌ?ticas. A sua linha de verduras importadas, a maioria holandesa, inclui a friseeÌ?, um tipo de chicoÌ?ria crespa que faz a deliÌ?cia de qualquer salada na França; o radicchio rosso, uma deliciosa verdura italiana, revitalizada pela nova cozinha; e alcachofras do tipo romano, sem espinhos, que podem ser comidas inteiras. TambeÌ?m possui as echalotas, um parente da cebola, que tem desta um pouco da doçura com um perfume sofisticado de alho, invariavelmente adulterada na traduçaÌ?o dos livros de culinaÌ?ria para a nossa comum cebola.
+ ANDREÌ? FONTENELLE
+Folha -- AndreÌ?a Richa tambeÌ?m eÌ? uma escolha bastante feliz. Reichenbach -- Ela eÌ? um dos casos mais impressionantes que eu jaÌ? vi de cinegenia. Fiquei taÌ?o entusiasmado com sua atuaçaÌ?o que quero que ela faça meu proÌ?ximo filme de qualquer jeito.
+EÌ? de se supor que o futuro chefe de Estado jaÌ? tenha percebido essa situaçaÌ?o. HaÌ? informaçoÌ?es de que seu proÌ?ximo peÌ?riplo pode ser reduzido apenas aos paiÌ?ses do Mercosul. Seria uma decisaÌ?o sensata.
+InformaçoÌ?es para assinatura: P.O.Box 60790, Pasadena, CA, 91116, U.S.A. As empresas que fazem a manutençaÌ?o dos elevadores (Villares e Kone) tambeÌ?m foram autuadas. A vistoria foi feita no iniÌ?cio do meÌ?s apoÌ?s acidente no Bloco D do Crusp.
+ Ministro da IntegraçaÌ?o Regional acha que empreiteiras devem dividir os lotes das obras de transposiçaÌ?o do rio
+ Aerolineas Argentinas
+Rauschenberg compoÌ?s a muÌ?sica para a uÌ?ltima coreografia de Trisha, que vai se apresentar em SaÌ?o Paulo em dezembro. Com Cunningham, Rauschenberg seguiu o preceito de que uma colaboraçaÌ?o naÌ?o significa subordinaçaÌ?o de uma arte a outra. No iniÌ?cio, as suspeitas referiam-se ao fato de que os Clinton haviam sido soÌ?cios da Whitewater, uma falida empresa de construçaÌ?o civil acusada de vaÌ?rias irregularidades contaÌ?beis e fiscais.
+Dentre os artigos da MP que cria a URV, o mais criticado pelos advogados eÌ? o que manda pagar multa de 50% em indenizaçoÌ?es trabalhistas sem justa causa. Para eles, o artigo, de nuÌ?mero 29, eÌ? inconstitucional por contrariar o artigo 10, inciso 1, das DisposiçoÌ?es TransitoÌ?rias da ConstituiçaÌ?o, que restringe a multa para dispensas sem motivo justo a 40% do Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço. Para mudar a regra soÌ? com uma lei complementar e naÌ?o uma MP.
+ GarciÌ?a
+As explicaçoÌ?es de Roriz a Itamar foram enviadas como resultado de uma conversa entre o governador e os ministros da Fazenda, Rubens Ricupero, e da Justiça, Alexandre Dupeyrat. Ontem o jornal popular «The Sun», o mais vendido do Reino Unido, pediu a renuÌ?ncia de Yeo. Conservadores tambeÌ?m insinuaram que esperam a renuÌ?ncia do ministro.
+Os quatro participantes do debate na Folha foram unaÌ?nimes ao defender o voto obrigatoÌ?rio. «Voto eÌ? dever e naÌ?o direito», afirmou ClaÌ?udio Lembo. O consenso deixou de existir quando o voto distrital misto entrou em pauta.
+E os homens sentavam a guaiaca no lombo da mulherada (batiam com um cinto de fivela dupla).»
+«As mais baratas, feitas para funcionaÌ?rios de empresas, acabaram mais raÌ?pido», afirma Jorge Lopes, um dos soÌ?cios da loja. O presidente do BC (Banco Central), Pedro Malan, o secretaÌ?rio executivo, CloÌ?vis Carvalho, o presidente do BNDES, PeÌ?rsio Arida, o diretor da aÌ?rea externa do BC, Gustavo Franco, o secretaÌ?rio de PoliÌ?tica EconoÌ?mica, Winston Fritsch e o assessor especial da Fazenda, Edmar Bacha, iniciaram por volta das 19 horas mais uma rodada de discussoÌ?es no MinisteÌ?rio da Fazenda. AteÌ? aÌ?s 22h30 eles ainda estavam reunidos.
+ProfissaÌ?o: professor de geografia humana na Universidade de SaÌ?o Paulo. Foi professor na Sorbonne (Paris), na Universidade de Columbia (Nova York) e Universidade de Dar-es-Salaam, na TanzaÌ?nia (AÌ?frica)
+A CaÌ?mara Municipal de Barra Bonita (308 km a noroeste de SaÌ?o Paulo) aprovou aumento salarial de 15% aos servidores municipais. A prefeitura disse que vai pagar o 14º salaÌ?rio, abono de aniversaÌ?rio no valor de um miÌ?nimo e cesta baÌ?sica mensal de R$ 35,78. SP Interior 2
+O cartaÌ?o dourado vai permitir que o cliente possa resgatar valores quase ilimitados, em qualquer uma das 1.800 ageÌ?ncias do banco. O objetivo do Bradesco eÌ? o de aumentar o poder de fogo do banco frente aÌ? concorreÌ?ncia na aÌ?rea de serviço. No setor de produtos refrigerados (iogurtes e sobremesas laÌ?cteas), a uÌ?ltima pesquisa Nielsen indicou que a Parmalat, com apenas dois anos de atuaçaÌ?o no mercado, ultrapassou as cinquentenaÌ?rias Batavo e Paulista, ambas formadas por sistemas cooperativistas.
+Com Lex Barker, Patricia Medina, Warren Stevens. LiÌ?deres da comunidade judaica britaÌ?nica disseram que, apoÌ?s o atentado de Buenos Aires, haviam pedido a proibiçaÌ?o de estacionamento perto de instituiçoÌ?es judaicas e israelenses, mas naÌ?o tinham recebido resposta ainda. A regiaÌ?o onde ocorreu o acidente abriga embaixadas e estaÌ? proÌ?xima ao palaÌ?cio de Kensington, resideÌ?ncia de membros da famiÌ?lia real.
+ (DCM)
+Mas naÌ?o. A realidade, como sempre, eÌ? muito mais sem graça do que a da nossa imaginaçaÌ?o, especialmente quando esta se esforça por acompanhar a loÌ?gica tortuosa dos textos e quadros de jornal: as crianças que teÌ?m mais diarreÌ?ia saÌ?o as de Pernambuco (ou PE). Em peÌ?, deitadas ou sentadas.
+Um nome famoso naÌ?o abre tantas portas quanto se imagina. A greve da Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista), que começou ontem, deixou cerca de 2.200 alunos sem aulas soÌ? nos campi de SaÌ?o JoseÌ? do Rio Preto e Ilha Solteira. Nessas unidades, estaÌ?o parados 1.500 professores e funcionaÌ?rios.
+Zorzett espera que o recorde de paÌ?ginas em uma ediçaÌ?o tambeÌ?m caia este ano. Outro que participa da festa eÌ? o grafiteiro e artista plaÌ?stico Job LeocaÌ?dio, 27. «Devo usar motivos dos anos 90, com maÌ?scaras e muito colorido, retantando a loucura de SaÌ?o Paulo», disse.
+ Resposta
+Com «Entre o CeÌ?u e a Terra» (Heaven and Earth), o diretor Oliver Stone completa uma trilogia sobre o VietnaÌ?, tema de «Platoon» e «Nascido em 4 de Julho». Agora inverte a oÌ?tica. Conta a histoÌ?ria heroÌ?ica da vietnamita Phung Thi Le Ly, interpretada por Hiep Thi Le (foto).
+ ProÌ?xima etapa: Vancouver (CanadaÌ?) -- 4 de setembro
+ (RO)
+E naÌ?o haÌ? outro responsaÌ?vel por tal favorecimento senaÌ?o o presidente que, se fiel aÌ? postura de magistrado, naÌ?o descuidaria de que a ligaçaÌ?o de Fernando Henrique com o real jaÌ? estava comprometida por sua condiçaÌ?o de candidato. Cada uma tem seus meÌ?ritos e atribuiçoÌ?es, na maior parte complementares. Contudo, de uma certa forma, naÌ?o haÌ? como negar que a Bienal nos mobiliza e oferece contraste.
+Um projeto de parceria entre a AssociaçaÌ?o Municipal de AssisteÌ?ncia Social (Amas), a Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte e empresas puÌ?blicas e privadas conseguiu em um ano retirar das ruas da cidade 200 adolescentes de 14 a 16 anos. Gabriel-Foi muito legal. A plateÌ?ia eÌ? oÌ?tima.
+Fax: 251-2625. Mais:
+A PROVA (The Proof). AustraÌ?lia, 1991, 86 min. DireçaÌ?o: Jocelyn Moorhouse. Com Hugo Weaving, Genevieve Picot.
+O TCE identificou auseÌ?ncia de prioridades na Fundacentro: ou haÌ? superdimensionamento do orçamento ou incapacidade de investimentos em pesquisa voltada para a segurança e medicina do trabalho. Protesto formal
+«Como meÌ?dico e empresaÌ?rio plenamente realizado quero ajudar meu paiÌ?s como representante dos anseios eÌ?ticos por que clama toda a sociedade brasileira. Em particular quero lutar pelo setor de sauÌ?de. Pagamos impostos e, portanto, cabe ao Estado promover a sauÌ?de puÌ?blica preventiva, atraveÌ?s do saneamento baÌ?sico, da erradicaçaÌ?o de endemias e epidemias, da vacinaçaÌ?o em massa.
+Depois de analisar suas mais recentes pesquisas, o comando da campanha de FHC calcula que ainda haÌ? espaço de crescimento da candidatura no Nordeste. O mercado costuma ficar mais agitado nessas ocasioÌ?es, por causa do tiroteio entre os investidores que acreditam na alta e os que ganham com a baixa nas cotaçoÌ?es. O Banco Central (BC) realizou ontem leilaÌ?o de tiÌ?tulos puÌ?blicos (BBCs) para retirar dinheiro da economia e poder recomprar os papeÌ?is que vencem hoje.
+Os policiais desconfiaram do Escort e o pararam. Os ladroÌ?es naÌ?o reagiram. Fugita e Rosane contaram o que estava acontecendo e AdiÌ?lton de Oliveira da Silva, 22, e Ricardo Martins Ramos, 18, foram presos.
+O Inpa (Insituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoÌ?nia) estaÌ? preparando 120 crianças entre 10 e 14 anos para que eles se tornem os primeiros guias-mirins do oÌ?rgaÌ?o. A tarefa das crianças seraÌ? orientar os visitantes no bosque da CieÌ?ncia, que seraÌ? inaugurado em outubro em Manaus. Estatais ameaçam ir aÌ? Justiça contra governo
+Como hoje foi a minha estreÌ?ia, acho que fui bem», disse o jogador, cercado por dezenas de faÌ?s na saiÌ?da do vestiaÌ?rio. Em outras palavras, da mesma forma que os jogadores deveriam pagar seus impostos aduaneiros, aquelas autoridades que usam casas e resideÌ?ncias oficiais deveriam tambeÌ?m ser procuradas pela Secretaria de Receita Federal para que todos fossem iguais perante a lei. Assim, se legiÌ?tima a intençaÌ?o do ex-secretaÌ?rio de tratar igualmente os jogadores em relaçaÌ?o aos demais contribuintes, foi ateÌ? hoje injustificado que nunca tivesse o cuidado de tornar os privilegiados detentores do poder igualmente contribuintes nas mordomias que recebem.
+Esse custo pode ser semelhante no caso de unidades de um ou treÌ?s quartos, por exemplo. Mas no caso dos apartamentos com mais dormitoÌ?rios, o preço de venda eÌ? bem mais alto. (Telma Figueiredo)
+ Enviado especial a Palo Alto
+Quando o Fed anunciou no dia 4 de fevereiro que iria puxar as taxas de juros pegou de surpresa os mercados financeiros, jogou para baixo o mercado de boÌ?nus e recebeu vaÌ?rias criÌ?ticas. O presidente do banco, Alan Greenspan, avisou aÌ? subcomissao de Finanças do Congresso dos EUA que aquela posiçaÌ?o era incomum, uÌ?nica e naÌ?o um precedente. Talvez por isto a reuniaÌ?o do ComiteÌ? do Mercado Aberto hoje tenha sido descrita pela Casa Branca e membros do banco como rotineira.
+A pressaÌ?o menor dos alimentos, no entanto, foi neutralizada pela alta de vestuaÌ?rio (1,79%), serviços domeÌ?sticos (9,92%), serviços pessoais (4,56%) e alimentos fora do domiciÌ?lio (7,58%). Folha -- Mas eÌ? pouco provaÌ?vel. Sampras -- Hum...
+Logo que deixou o MinisteÌ?rio da Fazenda, Fernando Henrique fez a primeira tentativa. Queria encontrar-se com Lula. Pediu ao amigo SeÌ?rgio Motta que conversasse com Marco AureÌ?lio Garcia, secretaÌ?rio de assuntos internacionais do PT.
+ Novela eÌ? inocente, diz escritora
+Brauner se precipita sobre E para conter a briga, enquanto outros seguram Dominguez. O pintor espanhol consegue libertar-se, mas Brauner recebe um golpe e cai. Do chaÌ?o, veÌ? que os rostos exprimem uma anguÌ?stia intensa, sem nada entender.
+ JoseÌ? Mocellin
+ Bahiana lança livro sobre vida nos EUA
+O jornalista e integrante do Conselho Editorial da Folha LuiÌ?s Nassif fez ontem palestra para empresaÌ?rios e profissionais de publicidade do setor de imoÌ?veis no hotel The Royal Palm Plaza, em Campinas. A palestra abriu a seÌ?rie «Eventos Regionais», promovida pela Folha. Itamar naÌ?o acenou para os jornalistas, como costuma fazer ao sair ou chegar em casa.
+Sei que vou ser viÌ?tima de acusaçoÌ?es eleitoreiras, mas estou pronto para respondeÌ?-las, mostrando a isençaÌ?o de nosso trabalho. Folha -- O sr. espera o apoio de outros partidos na conduçaÌ?o do Plano Real?
+A histoÌ?ria se repete. O garoto que larga tudo, briga com a maÌ?e e passa sua
+O local naÌ?o possui tratamento de esgoto. Um morador da favela morreu de coÌ?lera. AleÌ?m dele, outras duas pessoas tambeÌ?m morreram na cidade.
+E ela ficou uma gracinha, deu pra ele e perdeu a virgindade. Aderiu!
+Sempre o preferido do pedaço, o PFL acaba de perder o trono na CNI. Dos presidentes de federaçoÌ?es do Brasil afora que seraÌ?o candidatos a governadores ou ao Senado, nenhum deles eÌ? do partido. Monteiro, que tambeÌ?m era evangeÌ?lico, teria passado mal instantes antes do acidente, segundo o relato de sobreviventes.
+ DiagramaçaÌ?o de manuais
+ Na troca do tubo de escapeprefira componente original
+E em maio, ateÌ? agora, cerca de 500 roupas», diz Renata Imparato Favale, 38, gerente da Casa Temaghi, a mais tradicional do ramo. Nos Jardins, o bairro mais caro da cidade, o metro estaÌ? em R$ 1.604, na meÌ?dia. O preço meÌ?dio mais baixo foi registrado no bairro de Jardim Mirim: R$ 650.
+A Justiça entra em recesso no dia 20. Segundo ela, embora a agressaÌ?o verbal ainda seja mais frequente, os casos de violeÌ?ncia fiÌ?sica veÌ?m aumentando. Uma pesquisa realizada com garotas atendidas pelo serviço de ginecologia da adolesceÌ?ncia do Hospital das CliÌ?nicas de SaÌ?o Paulo mostra que 10% das adolescentes jaÌ? haviam batido nos pais alguma vez.
+ Da Sucursal do Rio
+O nigeriano Wole Soyinka, PreÌ?mio Nobel de Literatura de 1986, conseguiu deixar seu paiÌ?s natal no uÌ?ltimo fim-de-semana e chegar em Paris, graças ao Parlamento Internacional dos Escritores. As autoridades nigerianas haviam impedido duas vezes Soyinka de deixar seu paiÌ?s nos uÌ?ltimos dois meses. A primeiro foi no fim de setembro, quando ele se preparava para ir a Lisboa assistir aÌ? primeira confereÌ?ncia do Parlamento Internacional dos Escritores, do qual eÌ? um dos fundadores.
+ Do mesmo modo, faz diferença e muita dizer que podemos sentir tristeza por vaÌ?rios motivos e que, em alguns casos, eÌ? moralmente aconselhaÌ?vel usar medicamentos para aliviar o sofrimento e dizer que
+Silvio Santos providenciou recuerdo extra de sua temporada entre leoÌ?es e girafas na AÌ?frica. O marido de IÌ?ris trouxe na bagagem fitas de viÌ?deo com demostraçoÌ?es expliÌ?citas de seu coÌ?teÌ? Tarzan. Svensson fez um mapeamento da taÌ?tica romena.
+ Free-lance para a Folha
+O Palmeiras sem RincoÌ?n e Edmundo; o SaÌ?o Paulo, sem VaÌ?lber e Muller, mas possivelmente com Cafu e Palhinha; e o Corinthians, ainda sem Moacir e CasaÌ?o, que nem sequer estreou neste campeonato. Assim, o Trio de Ferro enfrenta a rodada deste meio-de-semana. Dos treÌ?s, o mais abençoado eÌ? o Corinthians, que pega o Santo AndreÌ? com a mesma equipe que deu um passeio no Santos.
+A atuaçaÌ?o do lateral-direito Gustavo no jogo desta noite seraÌ? decisiva para seu futuro. O antigo titular da posiçaÌ?o, ClaÌ?udio, jaÌ? se recuperou de uma distensaÌ?o e jaÌ? teraÌ? condiçoÌ?es de entrar na rodada de fim-de-semana. Um oÌ?nibus da viaçaÌ?o Jurema bateu ontem por volta das 5h em um poste da rua Borges Lagoa, na Vila Clementino (zona sul).
+ Norton Comander
+ FERNANDO CANZIAN
+O gerente de vendas da Galileo (Fiat), Sidnei Antonelli, disse que a entrega do Mille pelo sistema On-Line estaÌ? sendo antecipada em dois meses. «Entregamos em novembro alguns carros que soÌ? seriam entregues em janeiro.»
+A seleçaÌ?o eÌ? a uÌ?nica ainda capaz de chegar aos nove pontos possiÌ?veis na primeira fase do torneio. Bancos fizeram pedido de US$ 4 bi ao governo
+ Copa das AmeÌ?ricas: nenhuma
+O virtual presidente eleito fez ontem vaÌ?rios elogios ao presidente Itamar Franco. Chegou a dizer que era seu «devedor». FHC considera seu governo uma continuidade da obra de Itamar e disse que «as equipes» que o auxiliaraÌ?o no trabalho «jaÌ? estaÌ?o no governo».
+Roberto MagalhaÌ?es, deputado, relator-geral da CPI do Orçamento, ontem no «Jornal do Brasil». Ele ressalta, no entanto, «que soÌ? o poder judiciaÌ?rio pode determinar a quebra do sigilo de correspondeÌ?ncia» da linha telefoÌ?nica de Paulo CeÌ?sar. Parentes e policiais creditam o duplo homiciÌ?dio a traficantes.
+Andaria por aiÌ? exibindo-se, de punhos cerrados e virilhas em evideÌ?ncia?
+A Abramge enviou ao Congresso um projeto de lei propondo um plano de sauÌ?de baÌ?sico. Ele permite ao trabalhador optar por uma assisteÌ?ncia meÌ?dica privada. Para isso, ele deixaria de recolher parte da contribuiçaÌ?o ao INSS e a repassaria aÌ? empresa prestadora do serviço meÌ?dico.
+O goleiro Edinho entra hoje pela primeira vez como jogador no estaÌ?dio do MaracanaÌ?. «EÌ? uma expectativa grande. Esse estaÌ?dio representa muito para o meu pai», disse se referindo ao ex-jogador PeleÌ?, que estaÌ? viajando pelo JapaÌ?o.
+Ao contraÌ?rio, saÌ?o capazes de embotar para sempre os coraçoÌ?es mais puros e sensiÌ?veis. PoliÌ?cia Federal reduz emissaÌ?o de passaportes
+*. «Era mas dificil botar-lo do que meter-lo». Do locutor da cadeia de raÌ?dio Caracol, ontem, comentando um gol perdido do atacante Berkcamp, da Holanda.
+O meÌ?dico Ricardo Brito colocou aÌ? venda por US$ 25 mil em abril sua casa no PeceÌ?m. Segundo ele, o imoÌ?vel situado a 300 metros de uma rua engolida pelo mar valia US$ 30 mil haÌ? cinco anos. Novos brinquedos
+Em um editorial comentando os achados, os meÌ?dicos Marcia Angell e Jerome Kassirer disseram que «as pessoas que se sentem traiÌ?das quando conhecem um novo estudo mostrando que vitamina E e caroteno naÌ?o protegem contra caÌ?ncer deveriam se perguntar porque taÌ?o prontamente acreditaram que antioxidantes tinham esse efeito em primeiro lugar». Globo volta a promover festival de muÌ?sica
+Uma partida de futebol dura 90 minutos (dois tempos de 45 minutos). O tempo real de jogo, entretanto, fica entre 50 minutos e uma hora. O resto se perde em cobranças de faltas, escanteios etc., substituiçoÌ?es e celebraçaÌ?o de gols.
+ ORLANDO MARETTI SOBRINHO
+O «segredo» do sucesso do time tem nome: George Karl. Ele eÌ? o teÌ?cnico da equipe. Desde que assumiu a comando em janeiro 1992, para substituir K.C.Jones, o time se transformou.
+A CNT/Gazeta transmite a partir das 15h15, direto das ruas de SaÌ?o Paulo, a prova feminina da Corrida Internacional de SaÌ?o Silvestre. AÌ?s 17h, a Globo e a CNT/Gazeta mostram a prova masculina. SAÌ?O SILVESTRE CNT/Gazeta e Globo, 17h.
+«NingueÌ?m estaÌ? falando em corte aqui», disse Parreira. OK, quase todo mundo sabe disso. O que nem todo mundo sabe eÌ? que quem mandava no Black Flag era o guitarrista Greg Ginn, Rollins soÌ? cantava e esmurrava a plateÌ?ia.
+Lula vem sendo protegido pela PF desde a convençaÌ?o que lançou sua candidatura, em 1º de maio. Mas a PF deve estender a segurança aos demais candidatos. Em comparaçaÌ?o com o primeiro semestre, a Vasp vem transportando sete vezes mais passageiros por meÌ?s.
+«Amplified Heart» mostra a dupla afiada, com letras e melodias em perfeita sincronia. O disco todo tem tom de diaÌ?rio, em letras que falam das agruras do amor. Thorn e Watts cantam a relaçaÌ?o de ambos.
+Um futebol mais eficiente, mais raÌ?pido, com um nuÌ?mero razoaÌ?vel de gols, tende a ser um futebol atrativo para o puÌ?blico. Se os gols forem do naipe dos de Souza e Paulo Kobayashi, melhor ainda.
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+E soÌ? receberaÌ? os montantes conveniados deste ano apoÌ?s a aprovaçaÌ?o do Orçamento. Clientela selecionada
+ Da RedaçaÌ?o
+JaÌ? a reposiçaÌ?o das perdas do Plano Real seria difiÌ?cil, no entender da induÌ?stria, visto que a medida provisoÌ?ria do real impede seu repasse aos contratos. A Folha tambeÌ?m tentou falar com o advogado Evandro Lins e Silva, que acusou Collor no processo que levou ao impeachment. Ele naÌ?o quis dar declaraçoÌ?es.
+ Das ageÌ?ncias internacionais
+EscruÌ?pulo idiota. NaÌ?o o de Lucas, mas o do sindicato, obviamente pressionado pela vaidade dos seus integrantes. Idiota porque, afinal de contas, inuÌ?til.
+RIO DE JANEIRO Borges, argentino que se inscreve como um dos maiores escritores do seÌ?culo, identifica a causa do vigor uruguaio na esseÌ?ncia elementar da repuÌ?blica oriental. Da mesma forma, os argentinos parecem mais elementares do que os brasileiros, menos divididos diante das muÌ?ltiplas complexidades da formaçaÌ?o latino-americana. Publicou ainda «Abdias» (45), «A montanha» (56), «A Menina do Sobrado» e a coletaÌ?nea «Poemas CoronaÌ?rios» (64).
+ Da AgeÌ?ncia Folha, em Santos
+O deputado estadual faz leis nos Estados e fiscaliza o governador. Os eleitores deveraÌ?o eleger em 3 de outubro 513 deputados federais. Estados com mais eleitores, como SaÌ?o Paulo, elegem mais deputados.
+Este CD eÌ? uma prova viva de que quando Bach compoÌ?s «Jesus, Alegria dos Homens» ele naÌ?o estava pensando em termos de gatos musicais. Endossado pelo EsquadraÌ?o de Torturas da PoliÌ?cia Secreta SiÌ?ria. Urina de lince -- US$ 8,99, mais despesas.
+VoceÌ? estaÌ? muito confiante ou preocupado com seu novo filme, «Wolf»?
+A exceçaÌ?o eÌ? o uruguaio Pablo Dotta, cujo filme «O DirigiÌ?vel» estaÌ? na mostra por ter sido produzido com recursos do Centro de CapacitacioÌ?n CinematograÌ?fica do MeÌ?xico. Tabela das contribuiçoÌ?es teraÌ? conversaÌ?o automaÌ?tica
+O Palmeiras pretende aprimorar os chutes a gol. A campanha na 1ª fase, em que foi o melhor time do campeonato, sofreu um arranhaÌ?o com a vitoÌ?ria sobre o Sport, jaÌ? na 2ª fase, saÌ?bado passado. «Foi estranho vencer com um gol contra», reagiu o atacante Edmundo.
+13h -- O vice-presidente da CPI, deputado Odacir Klein (PMDB-RS), faz os caÌ?lculos do nuÌ?mero de paÌ?ginas ainda a ser lidas e preveÌ? que a leitura iraÌ? demorar mais quatro horas. 13h10 -- Benito Gama (PFL-BA) e AloiÌ?zio Mercadante (PT-SP) discutem no plenaÌ?rio sobre a cassaçaÌ?o ou naÌ?o do deputado JoseÌ? Carlos Aleluia (PFL-BA) 13h30 -- MagalhaÌ?es volta e reconhece em entrevista aÌ? imprensa que foram descobertos «treÌ?s erros de digitaçaÌ?o» no relatoÌ?rio. Considera natural, jaÌ? que trata-se de documento de 600 paÌ?ginas, que foi impresso na madrugada.
+ Folha realiza debate sobre 50 anos do HC
+A pesquisa compara preços em reais com preços em URV. AssociaçaÌ?o faz debate sobre eÌ?tica e violeÌ?ncia
+Pela segunda vez em um periÌ?odo de quatro semanas, astroÌ?nomos sugerem que o Universo eÌ? mais jovem do que se pensava. Dados obtidos atraveÌ?s do telescoÌ?pio espacial Hubble sugerem que o Universo tenha sido criado entre 8 e 12 bilhoÌ?es de anos atraÌ?s. Segundo a delegada Elizabeth Ferreira Sato, da 1ª Delegacia de Crimes Contra Crianças e Adolescentes, antes dos disparos um dos assassinos perguntou para suas viÌ?timas quem havia matado seu tio.
diff --git a/Data/training/training_spanishC_ES.txt b/Data/training/training_spanishC_ES.txt
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,43279 @@
+
+INFORME DE LA COMISION DE CONSTITUCION, LEGISLACIOÌ?N, JUSTICIA Y REGLAMENTO
+recaiÌ?do en el proyecto de ley, en segundo traÌ?mite constitucional, que
+modifica la ley de alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y deroga el
+Libro Segundo de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+
+1 BOLETIN Nº 1.192-11
+
+
+
+HONORABLE SENADO:
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n de ConstitucioÌ?n, LegislacioÌ?n, Justicia y Reglamento
+tiene el honor de informaros acerca del proyecto de ley del rubro, iniciado
+en mocioÌ?n de los HH. Diputados senÌ?ora MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi y senÌ?ores
+Alberto Espina, JoseÌ? GarciÌ?a y Patricio Melero y de los ex Diputados senÌ?ora
+Martita WoÌ?rner y senÌ?ores Francisco Bayo, Carlos Cantero, Carlos DupreÌ?,
+Teodoro Ribera y Jorge Schaulsohn.
+
+
+ Hacemos presente que los numerandos 22, 25, 34, 35 y 42 del artiÌ?culo
+1º que proponemos (que corresponden a los nuÌ?meros 18, 20, 29, 30 y 36 del
+artiÌ?culo 1º de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud) deben ser aprobados con el quoÌ?rum
+propio de ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional, ya que versan sobre materias
+contenidas en las Leyes OrgaÌ?nicas Constitucionales sobre Municipalidades y
+sobre Gobierno y AdministracioÌ?n Regional.
+
+
+ Es uÌ?til recordar que se dio cuenta de la iniciativa en el Senado el
+21 de enero de 1997, oportunidad en la cual se radicoÌ? en esta ComisioÌ?n y en
+la de Hacienda, en su caso. Recibida por esta ComisioÌ?n, se solicitoÌ?
+informes a distintas personas e instituciones para formarse una opinioÌ?n maÌ?s
+acabada de sus disposiciones.
+
+
+ De esa forma, entre marzo y julio de 1997 se recibieron las opiniones
+de los Ministerios de Hacienda, EducacioÌ?n y Transportes y
+Telecomunicaciones, del Consejo de Defensa del Estado, de la AuditoriÌ?a
+General del EjeÌ?rcito de Chile, de la AuditoriÌ?a General de la Armada, de
+Carabineros de Chile, del Servicio Nacional de Menores, de la AsociacioÌ?n
+Chilena de Municipalidades, del Instituto Chileno de Derecho Procesal, del
+Instituto de Ciencias Penales de Chile, de la VicariÌ?a de la Esperanza Joven
+del Arzobispado de Santiago, de la ConfederacioÌ?n Gremial del Comercio
+Detallista y Turismo de Chile, de la AsociacioÌ?n de Exportadores y
+Embotelladores de Vinos, de la AsociacioÌ?n Gremial de Licoristas de Chile,
+de la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de Avisadores, de la UnioÌ?n Comunal de Juntas de
+Vecinos de PenÌ?aloleÌ?n, del Centro de RehabilitacioÌ?n para AlcohoÌ?licos y
+Drogadictos de San Felipe, y de los profesores de Derecho Civil senÌ?or
+HernaÌ?n Corral y de Derecho Constitucional senÌ?ores Guillermo Bruna y
+Francisco Cumplido.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, en sesiones celebradas los diÌ?as 9 y 16 de
+abril de 1997, la ComisioÌ?n escuchoÌ? los planteamientos del representante del
+General Director de Carabineros de Chile, General Inspector don Guillermo
+Thompson, quien concurrioÌ? acompanÌ?ado del Auditor General (J), General don
+Carlos Pecci y del Teniente Coronel (J) don Jorge AcunÌ?a; el Jefe del
+Departamento Legal del Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones, don
+Juan Carlos Palma y el asesor legal don Carlos Varas; el Jefe de la Unidad
+de Salud Mental del Ministerio de Salud, doctor Alberto Minoletti; el
+Director del Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal, don Jorge RodriÌ?guez, a quien acompanÌ?oÌ?
+el abogado don Fernando Ortiz; la Directora del Departamento de Defensa de
+la Ley de Alcoholes del Consejo de Defensa del Estado, donÌ?a Sylvia
+Arancibia; el Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n Gremial de Licoristas de Chile,
+don JoseÌ? Mitjans y el Gerente, don Pedro Cruz; el Presidente de la
+ConfederacioÌ?n Gremial del Comercio Detallista y Turismo de Chile, don
+Rafael Cumsille; la Presidenta de la AsociacioÌ?n de DuenÌ?os de BotilleriÌ?as,
+donÌ?a Vitalia EcheverriÌ?a; el Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de
+Avisadores de la eÌ?poca, don Patricio Bellolio; el Presidente de la
+AsociacioÌ?n Pisquera de Chile, don Francisco PenÌ?afiel; el Presidente de la
+FederacioÌ?n Nacional de Sindicatos de Trabajadores VitiviÌ?nicolas y Pisqueros
+de Chile (FENATRAVIS), don RauÌ?l DiÌ?az; el Presidente de la FederacioÌ?n de
+Instituciones de EducacioÌ?n Particular (FIDE) padre HeÌ?ctor Vargas; el rector
+del Colegio Craighouse, senÌ?or Peter Lacey y el Presidente de la UnioÌ?n
+Comunal de Juntas de Vecinos de PenÌ?aloleÌ?n, don Luis Aros.
+
+
+ El proyecto de ley no fue incluido en la convocatoria a legislatura
+extraordinaria ese anÌ?o. Durante la legislatura ordinaria del anÌ?o siguiente,
+el diÌ?a 1º de julio de 1998 la Sala del Senado acordoÌ? que el proyecto fuera
+informado en primer lugar por la ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ En cumplimiento de ese cometido, la ComisioÌ?n de Salud evacuoÌ? su
+informe con fecha 8 de septiembre de 1999.
+
+
+ Antes de iniciar el anaÌ?lisis del texto aprobado por la ComisioÌ?n de
+Salud, considerando la naturaleza de las enmiendas introducidas, la
+ComisioÌ?n resolvioÌ? solicitar nuevos pareceres. Al efecto, entre mayo y julio
+de este anÌ?o recibioÌ? la opinioÌ?n de los Ministerios de Hacienda y Justicia;
+de la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica; de Carabineros de Chile; del
+Servicio Nacional de Menores; de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de Seguridad de
+TraÌ?nsito; del Departamento de Derecho Privado de la Facultad de Derecho de
+la Universidad de Chile; de la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de Magistrados de
+Menores; de la AsociacioÌ?n de Magistrados Regional Santiago, y del Instituto
+de Jueces y Secretarios de PoliciÌ?a Local de Chile. Se recibioÌ?, ademaÌ?s, el
+informe que la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud solicitoÌ? a la Excma. Corte Suprema de
+Justicia sobre la modificacioÌ?n al artiÌ?culo 176 de la ley.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n reinicioÌ? el estudio del proyecto de ley el diÌ?a 6 de junio
+de 2000, para lo cual contoÌ? con la permanente colaboracioÌ?n del Jefe de la
+DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica del Ministerio de Justicia, don Francisco Maldonado,
+quien concurrioÌ? a una de las sesiones acompanÌ?ado del asesor de dicha
+Cartera, don Alex Carocca.
+
+
+ AsistioÌ?, asimismo, a las sesiones en que se discutioÌ? este proyecto de
+ley la H. Diputada senÌ?ora MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi.
+
+
+ Es dable agregar que el Excmo. senÌ?or Presidente del Senado envioÌ?
+posteriormente a esta ComisioÌ?n las presentaciones que, en relacioÌ?n con el
+horario de funcionamiento de los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, le hizo llegar durante el mes de agosto la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional
+de DuenÌ?os de Locales Nocturnos y EspectaÌ?culos TuriÌ?sticos, y, en el mes de
+septiembre, la ConfederacioÌ?n del Comercio Detallista y Turismo de Chile.
+Asimismo, en el mes de septiembre se recibioÌ? la opinioÌ?n de la senÌ?ora
+Ministra de EducacioÌ?n y del senÌ?or Ministro del Trabajo y PrevisioÌ?n Social.
+
+
+ Cabe consignar, por uÌ?ltimo, que, a juicio de esta ComisioÌ?n, las
+modificaciones que se introducen a los artiÌ?culos 132, 140, 144, 147, 176,
+182, 186 y 188 de la Ley de Alcoholes deben ser informadas por la H.
+ComisioÌ?n de Hacienda.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+1.1 DISCUSION GENERAL
+
+
+
+ El integrante de la ComisioÌ?n H. Senador senÌ?or Silva, en su calidad de
+miembro, al mismo tiempo, de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, explicoÌ? que la
+principal innovacioÌ?n formal que se introdujo por dicha ComisioÌ?n al proyecto
+de ley en informe consistioÌ? en efectuar una serie de modificaciones a la
+actual legislacioÌ?n, en vez de establecer un nuevo cuerpo legal como
+inicialmente se planteaba.
+
+
+ Respecto del fondo, el H. Senador senÌ?or Silva senÌ?aloÌ? que el proyecto
+de ley sortea dificultades motivadas tanto por su complejidad intriÌ?nseca
+como por la necesaria armoniÌ?a que hubo que efectuar con varias otras
+normativas. En efecto, por una parte, fue preciso compatibilizar la
+determinacioÌ?n del tribunal competente para conocer las infracciones con la
+decisioÌ?n que se tomara en los proyectos que integran la reforma procesal
+penal y, por otra, concordar diversas regulaciones con otras cubiertas por
+la legislacioÌ?n municipal, como por ejemplo, lo referente a las horas de
+inicio y teÌ?rmino del funcionamiento de los locales de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas. Otro tema que preocupoÌ? especialmente a la ComisioÌ?n fue el
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, tanto en lo relativo al expendio
+clandestino como al uso de envases no tradicionales, principalmente bolsas
+o sobres de escasa dosificacioÌ?n -menos de 50 centiÌ?metros cuÌ?bicos- que se
+venden preferentemente a la juventud.
+
+
+ PuntualizoÌ? el H. Senador senÌ?or Silva que, en su conjunto, el proyecto
+despachado por la ComisioÌ?n de Salud intenta dar solucioÌ?n a los referidos
+problemas de una forma adecuada, en la idea de ajustar la legislacioÌ?n de
+alcoholes a las circunstancias actuales.
+
+
+ En el seno de la ComisioÌ?n se compartioÌ? la necesidad de introducir
+enmiendas a la actual ley de alcoholes para actualizar sus disposiciones,
+armonizaÌ?ndolas con las reglas constitucionales y legales aprobadas con
+posterioridad, con vistas a mejorar la eficacia de sus preceptos.
+
+
+ - Consecuentemente, los integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva, prestaron por unanimidad
+su aprobacioÌ?n en general a la iniciativa de ley en informe.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+1.2 DISCUSION PARTICULAR
+
+
+
+1.3 ARTIÌ?CULO 1º
+
+
+ Introduce modificaciones a la ley Nº 17.105, de alcoholes, bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 1)
+
+
+ EfectuÌ?a cuatro modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 113, relativo a la
+penalidad de la embriaguez en lugares puÌ?blicos o abiertos al puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ La letra a) agrega en el inciso primero a la sancioÌ?n existente de
+trabajos sin remuneracioÌ?n la multa de media unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ La letra b), en concordancia con la modificacioÌ?n anterior, precisa en
+el inciso tercero que la pena conmutable es la de trabajos sin
+remuneracioÌ?n, y actualiza la unidad monetaria empleada para tal efecto, de
+forma que queda a razoÌ?n de un deÌ?cimo de unidad tributaria mensual por cada
+diÌ?a de trabajo.
+
+
+ La letra c) modifica el inciso quinto, que regula el procedimiento
+para dejar en libertad inmediata, previa citacioÌ?n al tribunal y
+consignacioÌ?n del valor de la multa, a las personas que hayan sido detenidas
+por embriaguez. Exige para ello que se compruebe, ademaÌ?s del domicilio, la
+identidad del afectado, y dispone que Carabineros de Chile de cuenta al
+juzgado competente de las consignaciones percibidas y de la identidad y
+domicilio de las personas detenidas que las hayan efectuado, en la primera
+audiencia.
+
+
+ La letra d), por uÌ?ltimo, reemplaza en el comienzo del inciso sexto la
+expresioÌ?n "No obstante" por el adverbio "Si".
+
+
+ Desde un punto de vista general, hubo coincidencia en la ComisioÌ?n que
+la sancioÌ?n de "trabajos sin remuneracioÌ?n en las ocupaciones senÌ?aladas por
+los reglamentos de los lugares de detencioÌ?n", que contempla el artiÌ?culo 113
+y deja subsistente la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, no se ajusta a lo dispuesto en
+el artiÌ?culo 6º de la ConvencioÌ?n Americana de Derechos Humanos (Pacto de San
+JoseÌ? de Costa Rica), que prohibe los trabajos forzosos u obligatorios.
+
+
+ De alliÌ? que el legislador, a partir de la entrada en vigencia de ese
+instrumento internacional, haya cuidado de establecer la posibilidad de
+realizar trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad como una pena que opere a
+peticioÌ?n del infractor, por la viÌ?a de conmutacioÌ?n de otra sancioÌ?n que se le
+hubiere aplicado por el tribunal. AsiÌ? se ha previsto en los artiÌ?culos 4º de
+la ley Nº 19.235, que establece normas sobre procedimiento y sanciones
+relativos a los actos de violencia intrafamiliar; 6º y 9º de la ley Nº
+19.327, que fija normas para prevencioÌ?n y sancioÌ?n de hechos de violencia en
+recintos deportivos con ocasioÌ?n de espectaÌ?culos de fuÌ?tbol profesional; 41 y
+46 de la ley Nº 19.366, que sanciona el traÌ?fico iliÌ?cito de estupefacientes
+y sustancias sicotroÌ?picas, 20 bis y 26 de la ley Nº 18.287, que establece
+procedimiento ante los juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ Con ocasioÌ?n de uno de los informes evacuados sobre el particular, "la
+ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? dejar expresa constancia que la realizacioÌ?n de trabajos en
+beneficio de la comunidad, como pena alternativa a la privativa de libertad
+que se considera para los infractores de esta ley, no puede significar, en
+modo alguno, la imposicioÌ?n de trabajos obligatorios. En esa virtud, estimoÌ?
+que, sin que pierda su naturaleza punitiva, el infractor debe consentir en
+los trabajos que se le fijen, que ha de conocer previamente a la
+conmutacioÌ?n, sea porque eÌ?l mismo los proponga o el tribunal le informe, y,
+sobre esa base, el tribunal dictaraÌ? la resolucioÌ?n correspondiente. El
+concepto de "trabajos determinados", en ese sentido, importa tambieÌ?n el
+conocimiento y aceptacioÌ?n, por parte del infractor, de las caracteriÌ?sticas
+que ellos tendraÌ?n.".( Segundo informe recaiÌ?do en el proyecto de ley que
+reprime desoÌ?rdenes y hechos de violencia en los estadios y otros centros
+deportivos con ocasioÌ?n de espectaÌ?culos deportivos, BoletiÌ?n Nº 259-07).
+
+
+ Por tales consideraciones, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? necesario eliminar la
+pena de trabajos sin remuneracioÌ?n, y castigar directamente con multa de
+media unidad tributaria mensual la manifiesta ebriedad en lugares puÌ?blicos
+o abiertos al puÌ?blicos. PrefirioÌ? utilizar el concepto de "ebriedad" en
+lugar de "embriaguez" para uniformar la nomenclatura que se emplea en este
+cuerpo legal.
+
+
+ Se puso tambieÌ?n en el caso de que el infractor no pagare la multa. En
+tal evento, convino en que el tribunal podraÌ? decretar, por viÌ?a de
+sustitucioÌ?n y apremio, la reclusioÌ?n nocturna del infractor a razoÌ?n de una
+noche por cada quinto de unidad tributaria mensual. Esta proporcioÌ?n es la
+que contemplan el artiÌ?culo 49 del CoÌ?digo Penal y el artiÌ?culo 23 de la ley
+Nº 18.287, sobre procedimiento ante los juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n decidioÌ? regular separadamente - en el artiÌ?culo 131 que
+proponemos- la posible conmutacioÌ?n de la pena de multa por trabajos en
+beneficio de la comunidad, con caraÌ?cter general para todas las infracciones
+castigadas con tal sancioÌ?n, y no solamente la descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, optoÌ? por consignar en el artiÌ?culo siguiente las demaÌ?s
+circunstancias en que se coloca el actual artiÌ?culo 113, como la detencioÌ?n
+del imputado -que se estimoÌ? improcedente de acuerdo a las reglas generales,
+porque la ebriedad en la viÌ?a puÌ?blica soÌ?lo justifica la citacioÌ?n al tribunal-
+; la posibilidad de consignacioÌ?n inmediata del valor de la multa; el
+eventual error de hecho en que incurra la policiÌ?a y la obligacioÌ?n de los
+establecimientos de salud de proporcionar la atencioÌ?n meÌ?dica que se les
+requiera. De esa forma, quedaraÌ?n normados en preceptos distintos la
+tipificacioÌ?n de la infraccioÌ?n y el procedimiento aplicable.
+
+
+ Es dable senÌ?alar que, con ocasioÌ?n del estudio de los proyectos
+integrantes de la reforma procesal penal, la ComisioÌ?n advirtioÌ? que tendraÌ?
+que pronunciarse, en su momento, sobre el tribunal competente para conocer
+de las infracciones a la ley de alcoholes que no sean constitutivas de
+crimen o simple delito. En estrecha relacioÌ?n con ese punto, y con el objeto
+de no recargar el trabajo que pudiera corresponderle al ministerio puÌ?blico,
+estuvo de acuerdo en encomendarle al Ministerio de Justicia, representado
+por el Jefe de su DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica, que revisare la incriminacioÌ?n penal de
+ciertas conductas, con vistas a determinar la posibilidad de suprimir su
+descripcioÌ?n y penalidad.
+
+
+ Al respecto, tomoÌ? conocimiento de la proposicioÌ?n que efectuoÌ? el senÌ?or
+Jefe de la DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica de dicha Cartera, don Francisco Maldonado, en
+orden a desincriminar la embriaguez o ebriedad. ArgumentoÌ? dicho personero
+que ella no constituye propiamente una "conducta", como exige la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, sino que un "estado" de anormalidad en el cual se
+encuentra una determinada persona, la cual, por lo tanto, requiere de un
+tratamiento maÌ?s que de una sancioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En esa medida, la proposicioÌ?n de dicho Ministerio consiste en que,
+cuando una persona se encuentre en la viÌ?a puÌ?blica o en lugares de libre
+acceso al puÌ?blico en tal estado de salud, o sea, bajo evidentes signos de
+haber consumido alcohol excesivamente, y cuando, por las circunstancias de
+lugar, hora, clima y el grado de embriaguez su presencia en el lugar
+representare una perturbacioÌ?n al orden o un riesgo para su propia salud, en
+vez de sancionarla, sea conducida a un cuartel policial, a un servicio de
+salud o a su propio domicilio, seguÌ?n lo que fuere maÌ?s conveniente para su
+proteccioÌ?n. En el caso de que sea conducida a un cuartel policial, podraÌ?
+ser mantenida en eÌ?l hasta el momento en que recupere su pleno autocontrol,
+no pudiendo en ninguÌ?n caso prolongarse esta medida por maÌ?s de cierto nuÌ?mero
+de horas.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ? estudiar con mayor detencioÌ?n esa sugerencia con
+motivo del segundo informe, ya que importa un cambio draÌ?stico en relacioÌ?n
+con el tratamiento legal que hasta la fecha se ha dado a la ebriedad, y
+podriÌ?a ser mal entendido, en el sentido de que el legislador le resta
+importancia social a una conducta, cual es beber alcohol y circular
+embriagado por lugares puÌ?blicos, que no soÌ?lo merece reproches de orden
+eÌ?tico, sino que configura un riesgo para la propia persona y para terceros.
+
+
+ - La nueva redaccioÌ?n para el artiÌ?culo 113 fue aprobada por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+
+ Introduce una modificacioÌ?n formal al artiÌ?culo 114, que consiste en
+cambiar la referencia al inciso cuarto del artiÌ?culo 172, por la mencioÌ?n del
+inciso segundo, lo que es consecuencia de la nueva redaccioÌ?n que propone la
+H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud para esta disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? sustituir este artiÌ?culo, que ya no se justifica en
+tanto supone la vigencia de los trabajos sin remuneracioÌ?n previstos en el
+artiÌ?culo anterior -disponiendo por viÌ?a excepcional la aplicacioÌ?n de una
+pena de multa en defecto de los mismos-, para contemplar en eÌ?l los aspectos
+de procedimiento relacionados con la ebriedad en la viÌ?a puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Al efecto, dispuso en primer teÌ?rmino que tales infractores, aunque
+acrediten de inmediato su identidad, seraÌ?n conducidos a la unidad policial
+maÌ?s cercana si fuere necesario para que recuperen el control sobre sus
+actos y desapareciere el riesgo de que perturbaren el orden o pusieren en
+peligro su integridad fiÌ?sica o la de terceros. Esta medida no se podraÌ?
+prolongar por maÌ?s de cuatro horas, plazo que es el maÌ?ximo que se contempla
+en el nuevo artiÌ?culo 260 bis del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal -en virtud
+de la ley Nº 19.693, publicada el 28 de septiembre recieÌ?n pasado- y en el
+artiÌ?culo 85 del CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal, para que la policiÌ?a controle la
+identidad de las personas respecto de las cuales hayan indicios que
+legalmente justifiquen esa medida.
+
+
+ En seguida, recoge las ideas de los incisos sexto, parte final, y
+octavo, del artiÌ?culo 113, disponiendo que, en caso de que el estado en que
+se encontrare la persona hiciere necesario que se le preste atencioÌ?n
+meÌ?dica, Carabineros lo conduciraÌ? a un establecimiento de salud. Tales
+establecimientos deberaÌ?n prestar atencioÌ?n a las personas que les sean
+enviadas por las autoridades policiales con este objeto.
+
+
+ En tercer lugar, consagra una norma garantista, en el sentido de que,
+durante la permanencia del afectado en el cuartel policial o en el
+establecimiento de salud, el jefe respectivo procuraraÌ? que se informe a su
+familia o a la persona que aqueÌ?l indique acerca del lugar en que se
+encuentra.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, advierte que deberaÌ? citarse en todo caso al
+infractor, para que comparezca ante el tribunal para responder por la falta
+cometida. Sin perjuicio de ello, por razones de expedicioÌ?n acepta el
+mecanismo previsto en el inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo 113, en cuanto a que el
+infractor podraÌ? consignar de inmediato el valor de la multa ante el jefe de
+la unidad policial, quien daraÌ? cuenta al juzgado competente de las
+citaciones cursadas y el dinero recaudado dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ Finalmente, se hace cargo de la eventual equivocacioÌ?n en que se
+incurra, aspecto hoy normado en el inciso sexto del artiÌ?culo 113,
+manifestando que, si el correspondiente jefe de Carabineros constatare que
+se ha incurrido en un error debido a las caracteriÌ?sticas de la enfermedad o
+deficiencia que afectare al supuesto infractor, dejaraÌ? de inmediato sin
+efecto la citacioÌ?n o la medida dispuesta en virtud del inciso primero,
+estampando la constancia pertinente.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva,
+en los teÌ?rminos resenÌ?ados.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por igual unanimidad, estuvo de acuerdo en suprimir el
+artiÌ?culo 115 de la ley de alcoholes, que habilita como lugares de detencioÌ?n
+y tratamiento para los efectos del cumplimiento de las condenas impuestas
+en virtud de los artiÌ?culos precedentes, a los calabozos existentes en las
+ComisariÌ?as o Tenencias de Carabineros, o locales especiales que construyan
+o provean las municipalidades o el ex Servicio Nacional de Salud.
+
+
+ Tal precepto carece de justificacioÌ?n, tanto porque no procede la
+detencioÌ?n por la conducta descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113, como porque no son
+los calabozos ni los aludidos locales especiales el lugar idoÌ?neo para que
+las personas que incurran en ebriedad se sometan a tratamiento, materia
+esta uÌ?ltima que la ComisioÌ?n regla especialmente en los artiÌ?culos 117 y 118
+que proponemos.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3)
+
+
+ Modifica el artiÌ?culo 116, que sanciona la embriaguez de menores de
+dieciocho anÌ?os en lugares puÌ?blicos, para agregar una nueva hipoÌ?tesis
+punible consistente en ser encontrados bebiendo en esos lugares.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n no estuvo de acuerdo en agregar esa nueva hipoÌ?tesis
+punitiva especiÌ?fica para los menores de edad.
+
+
+ Por una parte, por razones de sistematizacioÌ?n, ya que la conducta que
+se quiere castigar, cual es el consumo en la viÌ?a puÌ?blica sin configurar
+ebriedad, estaÌ? prevista y sancionada en el artiÌ?culo 154 de la propia ley de
+alcoholes.
+
+
+ En seguida, por consideraciones de meÌ?rito, ya que estimoÌ? mala la
+foÌ?rmula que el actual artiÌ?culo 116 aplica a los menores, consistente en
+hacer intervenir a los tribunales de menores, por cuanto "judicializa" un
+problema que debe ser abordado de otra manera, particularmente trataÌ?ndose
+de menores que son primerizos en la comisioÌ?n de esa conducta. Radicar de
+inmediato en el juez la adopcioÌ?n de las medidas conducentes para evitar el
+riesgo resulta desaconsejable, especialmente si se considera que el menor
+estaraÌ? privado de libertad, por un lapso que incluso puede ser de diÌ?as si
+hubiere feriados, antes de ser puesto a disposicioÌ?n del tribunal. Por lo
+demaÌ?s, fue de parecer que la actual disposicioÌ?n, que implica que el menor
+sea remitido al juzgado de menores, no reporta mayor utilidad.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n hizo suyas, en esta liÌ?nea de reflexioÌ?n, la posicioÌ?n de la
+VicariÌ?a de la Esperanza Joven, la que, manifestando su acuerdo con que se
+plantee una prohibicioÌ?n absoluta a los joÌ?venes de consumir bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas en lugares puÌ?blicos o de acceso al puÌ?blico, advirtioÌ?: "Sin
+embargo, nos preocupa saber claramente coÌ?mo se controla esta situacioÌ?n.
+Consideramos importante que los joÌ?venes que incurran en esta falta sean
+tratados en forma adecuada: respetuosa y educativa, que en los
+procedimientos pertinentes no exista violencia de por medio. Y en caso de
+que exista detencioÌ?n, los lugares de la reclusioÌ?n transitoria reuÌ?nan las
+condiciones de proteccioÌ?n necesarias para no inducir la aparicioÌ?n de
+conflictos asociados, tales como agresiones por otros reclusos, conductas
+delictivas, etc."
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, el H. Senador senÌ?or Aburto apuntoÌ? que la norma
+considerada por la ComisioÌ?n de Salud tiene por propoÌ?sito evitar que se
+produzcan ciertas situaciones que no son adecuadas para la adecuada
+convivencia familiar y el normal desarrollo de los joÌ?venes, como es el
+hecho de que un menor se encuentre en la viÌ?a puÌ?blica bebiendo alcohol, ya
+que aquello no puede ser considerado como una conducta normal.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Silva ratificoÌ? esta idea, en el sentido de que la
+disposicioÌ?n parte de la constatacioÌ?n de los hechos que regularmente estaÌ?n
+ocurriendo en el paiÌ?s respecto de una importante cantidad de joÌ?venes.
+
+
+ CoincidioÌ? la ComisioÌ?n en que la finalidad de la disposicioÌ?n es
+perfectamente atendible, cual es evitar que el menor llegue a encontrarse
+en una situacioÌ?n de riesgo como es la ebriedad, donde carece del adecuado
+control de sus acciones, pero podriÌ?a alcanzarse de mejor medida no
+sancionando el hecho de ser encontrado bebiendo, sino que adoptando otras
+medidas, como la retencioÌ?n del menor hasta que desaparezca la embriaguez y
+la entrega a sus padres o guardadores.
+
+
+ De esa forma, no se hariÌ?a sino aplicar a los menores de edad un
+criterio similar al previsto para los adultos en el artiÌ?culo 114 que
+proponemos.
+
+
+ ResolvioÌ?, sobre el particular, declarar que el procedimiento
+contemplado en el artiÌ?culo 114, con excepcioÌ?n de la citacioÌ?n al tribunal,
+se aplicaraÌ? tambieÌ?n a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os que fueren encontrados
+en manifiesto estado de ebriedad en lugares puÌ?blicos o abiertos al puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ Los menores seraÌ?n devueltos a sus padres o guardadores, bajo
+apercibimiento de que, si volvieren a incurrir en esa conducta o cometieren
+la descrita en el artiÌ?culo 154, vale decir, consumieren bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+en lugares de uso puÌ?blico, seraÌ?n puestos a disposicioÌ?n del juzgado de
+letras de menores.
+
+
+ Si nuevamente se encontrare al menor en manifiesto estado de ebriedad
+o bebiendo alcohol en lugares puÌ?blicos, el juzgado de letras de menores le
+aplicaraÌ? la medida de proteccioÌ?n que proceda de conformidad a la ley.
+
+
+ - La ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? el artiÌ?culo 116 que acompanÌ?amos por la
+unanimidad de sus integrantes, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick,
+DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+ Actualiza la multa que contempla el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 117
+para las personas que ya han sido condenadas por ebriedad dos veces en el
+mismo anÌ?o, pero que por incapacidad no pueden cumplir la pena de trabajos
+no remunerados, fijaÌ?ndola en media unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n reparoÌ? en la necesidad de efectuar un cambio en el mismo
+sentido del realizado en el artiÌ?culo 113, desde el momento en que la pena
+prevista en este artiÌ?culo para la condena por tercera vez por ebriedad en
+el mismo anÌ?o es el aumento de los diÌ?as de trabajos sin remuneracioÌ?n e
+inconmutables.
+
+
+ CompartioÌ? la idea de que, si una persona se encontrare en manifiesto
+estado de ebriedad en la viÌ?a puÌ?blica y ya hubiere sido condenado por la
+misma conducta, mediante sentencia firme o ejecutoriada, dos veces en los
+uÌ?ltimos doce meses, debiÌ?a ser objeto de una multa incrementada, que fijoÌ? en
+una a cuatro unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ La elevacioÌ?n del monto de la sancioÌ?n pecuniaria no soÌ?lo tiene por
+propoÌ?sito disuadirlo de la repeticioÌ?n de tal conducta, sino que
+incentivarlo para que solicite su conmutacioÌ?n por la medida de asistencia
+obligatoria a programas de prevencioÌ?n o rehabilitacioÌ?n del alcoholismo.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que esta medida de asistencia obligatoria a programas
+de prevencioÌ?n en instituciones idoÌ?neas ha sido considerada por el
+legislador para enfrentar materias tales como el consumo de drogas o
+sustancias estupefacientes o sicotroÌ?picas (artiÌ?culos 41 y 46 de la ley Nº
+19.366) y los actos de violencia intrafamiliar (artiÌ?culo 4º de la ley Nº
+19.325). Esta ComisioÌ?n, cuando se pronuncioÌ? acerca de la naturaleza de la
+medida, consideroÌ? claro que ella constituye una sancioÌ?n, "por cuanto es
+evidente que configura una restriccioÌ?n a la libertad personal de un
+individuo, impuesta coactivamente por la autoridad judicial". Por esa misma
+circunstancia, coincidioÌ? "en la necesidad de establecerle una limitacioÌ?n en
+el tiempo, aun cuando las caracteriÌ?sticas de los transtornos sicoloÌ?gicos
+que padezca el ofensor hicieran necesario un tratamiento prolongado, o
+incluso indefinido en el tiempo, por cuanto este punto deberaÌ? resolverse
+por viÌ?as distintas a la aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley." (Segundo informe recaiÌ?do
+en el proyecto de ley sobre violencia intrafamiliar, BoletiÌ?n Nº 451-07).
+
+
+ Consultado por la ComisioÌ?n, el Profesor de Derecho Constitucional
+senÌ?or Francisco Cumplido reafirmoÌ? ese predicamento, senÌ?alando que "en
+cuanto a las penas, la ConstitucioÌ?n en su artiÌ?culo 19 Nº 3º dispone que
+ninguÌ?n delito se castigaraÌ? con otra pena que la que senÌ?ala la ley. Esa
+norma ha sido interpretada en el sentido que la ley no soÌ?lo debe establecer
+la naturaleza de la pena, sino tambieÌ?n su duracioÌ?n. La palabra "senÌ?alar"
+significa poner o estampar senÌ?al en una cosa para darla a conocer o
+distinguirla de otra; lo indeterminado por esencia no senÌ?ala."
+
+
+ "Por su parte, la ley Nº 17.105, actualmente vigente, establece la
+internacioÌ?n del ebrio sancionado por el delito maÌ?s de tres veces en un anÌ?o
+hasta por seis meses o un anÌ?o seguÌ?n el lugar de internacioÌ?n. Seguramente
+desde el punto de vista meÌ?dico sea difiÌ?cil o inconveniente fijar plazo para
+un tratamiento, pero hay que resguardar la libertad de las personas. La
+ConstitucioÌ?n de 1980, en su artiÌ?culo 19 Nº 9 prescribe que corresponde al
+estado proteger el libre e igualitario acceso a las acciones de promocioÌ?n,
+proteccioÌ?n, recuperacioÌ?n de la salud y de rehabilitacioÌ?n del individuo. Por
+tanto, el acceso es libre, el Estado no puede imponerlo, excepto para
+sancionar una conducta iliÌ?cita, siempre por tiempo limitado, o salvo el
+perjuicio de terceros en que se puede limitar el derecho de traslacioÌ?n o la
+libertad personal, por ley que no afecte el derecho en su esencia, como por
+ejemplo, trataÌ?ndose de epidemias, enfermos mentales peligrosos, personas
+portadoras de enfermedades contagiosas, etc.
+
+
+ La doctrina se inclina por reconocer que trataÌ?ndose de enfermos
+mentales, alcohoÌ?licos avanzados, toxicoÌ?manos, etc., la sociedad estaÌ?
+obligada a intervenir con el objeto de darles asistencia, pero debe hacerse
+en intereÌ?s uÌ?nico del afectado, dentro de un procedimiento administrativo
+desposeiÌ?do de cualquier connotacioÌ?n estigmatizante y exclusivamente para
+suplir los defectos de su capacidad de autoproteccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n la moderna doctrina rechaza la imposicioÌ?n de medidas de
+seguridad, correccioÌ?n o rehabilitacioÌ?n, a menos que supongan la ejecucioÌ?n
+de una conducta tiÌ?pica y antijuriÌ?dica. La medida debe, ademaÌ?s, ser
+proporcional, lo que se opone a la indeterminacioÌ?n, y aplicarse en la
+sentencia sea simultaÌ?neamente con otra apena o como pena alternativa."
+
+
+ Por tales razones, a la ComisioÌ?n no le parecioÌ? juriÌ?dicamente
+procedente la propuesta que la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud efectuÌ?a respecto del
+artiÌ?culo 118, en orden a prever la asistencia obligatoria a programas de
+educacioÌ?n y prevencioÌ?n sobre los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol, o
+a programas de tratamiento para bebedores y alcohoÌ?licos, y entregarle al
+juez la fijacioÌ?n del plazo de esta medida. Tampoco consideroÌ? cliÌ?nicamente
+recomendable dar normas comunes para el tratamiento ambulatorio y para la
+hospitalizacioÌ?n, como se plantea en ese texto.
+
+
+ PrefirioÌ?, al respecto, regular en este artiÌ?culo la sola asistencia a
+tales programas, y en el artiÌ?culo 118 la posible internacioÌ?n, entendida
+como una medida de mayor rigor, distinguiendo a su vez entre la parcial y
+la total.
+
+
+ Sobre esas bases, dispuso que, ejecutoriada la sentencia
+condenatoria, a peticioÌ?n expresa del infractor el juez podraÌ? conmutar por
+la asistencia obligatoria a programas de prevencioÌ?n o rehabilitacioÌ?n, por
+un lapso que no exceda de seis meses, bajo el control de un Consultorio de
+AtencioÌ?n Primaria de Salud, un Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental Familiar
+u otra institucioÌ?n considerada como idoÌ?nea por el Servicio de Salud
+respectivo.
+
+
+ Como medio de control, se ordenoÌ? que la correspondiente institucioÌ?n
+informaraÌ? al tribunal, con la periodicidad que eÌ?ste determine, sobre el
+cumplimiento de la medida y la evolucioÌ?n que presente el infractor.
+
+
+ Se previoÌ?, asimismo, la falta de cumplimiento cabal y oportuno del
+programa por parte del infractor. En tal caso, la conmutacioÌ?n quedaraÌ? sin
+efecto por el solo ministerio de la ley y deberaÌ? pagarse la multa
+primitivamente aplicada o cumplirse la reclusioÌ?n nocturna, sin perjuicio de
+lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 131 sobre trabajos en beneficio de la
+comunidad. Lo anterior, a menos que el juez, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, adopte
+otra decisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Estuvo de acuerdo la ComisioÌ?n en establecer, por uÌ?ltimo, un liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo a la aplicacioÌ?n de estos mecanismos de sustitucioÌ?n y apremio,
+conviniendo que en ninguÌ?n caso, considerando las distintas infracciones
+acumuladas, la reclusioÌ?n nocturna podraÌ? exceder de quince noches ni los
+trabajos comunitarios de treinta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ - En esa virtud, se aproboÌ? el artiÌ?culo 117 que recomendamos, por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5)
+
+
+ Modifica el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 118, con el objeto de
+facultar al juez que dictare el uÌ?ltimo fallo para ordenar que la persona
+condenada por ebriedad tres o maÌ?s veces en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, asista
+obligatoriamente, durante el plazo que indique, a programas de educacioÌ?n y
+de prevencioÌ?n sobre los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol, o a un
+programa de tratamiento para bebedores y alcohoÌ?licos, ya sea en forma
+ambulatoria u hospitalizada.
+
+
+ En virtud de lo convenido al tratar el artiÌ?culo anterior, la ComisioÌ?n
+reguloÌ? en esta ocasioÌ?n la eventual internacioÌ?n del afectado por orden
+judicial en alguÌ?n establecimiento hospitalario o comunidad terapeÌ?utica
+abierta que cuente con programas de tratamiento del alcoholismo.
+
+
+ En primer lugar, facultoÌ? al coÌ?nyuge, conviviente, o cualquier
+pariente hasta el segundo grado de consanguinidad o afinidad de una persona
+que haya sido condenada por ebriedad tres o maÌ?s veces en los uÌ?ltimos doce
+meses, hubiere asistido a programas de prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n del
+alcoholismo y volviere a incurrir en la infraccioÌ?n a que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo 113, o, sin incurrir en ella, se encontrare de ordinario bajo la
+influencia del alcohol, para solicitar al juez que disponga su internacioÌ?n
+parcial en alguno de los mencionados establecimientos.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? breve y sumariamente, oyendo al interesado y a sus
+parientes, previo informe de un meÌ?dico legista o especialista acerca de la
+necesidad y duracioÌ?n del tratamiento. Cabe apuntar que la ComisioÌ?n estuvo
+de acuerdo con la observacioÌ?n hecha por el Profesor senÌ?or Corral, en el
+sentido de aclarar la confusioÌ?n que suscita el hecho de que se aluda a un
+procedimiento breve y sumario, esto es, al juicio sumario regulado en el
+artiÌ?culo 680 y siguientes del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil, con el
+conocimiento de causa, que es caracteriÌ?stico de los procedimientos
+voluntarios o no contenciosos. Al suprimir esta uÌ?ltima expresioÌ?n, queda en
+claro que se trata de un procedimiento contencioso, que permita al afectado
+demostrar que no resulta necesaria la medida de que se trata. En su
+resolucioÌ?n, el juez precisaraÌ? la duracioÌ?n de esta medida, que seraÌ?
+esencialmente revocable, y que no podraÌ? exceder de sesenta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n se puso en el caso de que, concluido el
+periodo de internacioÌ?n parcial, la persona nuevamente cometiere la
+infraccioÌ?n descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113 o se encontrare de ordinario bajo la
+influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ En tal evento, el tribunal, escuchando al director del
+establecimiento hospitalario o comunidad terapeÌ?utica abierta, podraÌ? ordenar
+que esa persona sea internada bajo reÌ?gimen de residencia total hasta por un
+periodo de ciento ochenta diÌ?as. El director informaraÌ? al tribunal en la
+oportunidad que considere que han cesado las condiciones que hicieron
+necesaria dicha medida. TambieÌ?n podraÌ? disponerse su teÌ?rmino anticipado a
+solicitud de alguno de los familiares a que se refiere el inciso primero
+que se responsabilice del control y vigilancia domiciliaria del afectado,
+siempre que se cuente con informe favorable del meÌ?dico tratante.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, consideroÌ? el recurso de apelacioÌ?n en ambos efectos
+contra la resolucioÌ?n judicial que se pronunciare sobre las medidas de
+internacioÌ?n, disponiendo que se conozca en cuenta y sin esperar la
+comparecencia de las partes.
+
+
+ Finalmente, contemploÌ? dos remisiones a la legislacioÌ?n especial para
+hacer claridad acerca de su procedencia. Ellas advierten que, sin perjuicio
+de tales medidas, si la persona a que se refiere este artiÌ?culo maltratare
+habitualmente de obra o de palabra a alguno de los componentes de su grupo
+familiar, cualquiera de eÌ?stos podraÌ? solicitar que se le apliquen las
+medidas establecidas en la letra h) del artiÌ?culo 3º de la ley Nº 19.325,
+sobre actos de violencia intrafamiliar. Ahora bien, si fuere un menor
+quien se encontrare de ordinario bajo la influencia del alcohol, el juez de
+letras de menores le aplicaraÌ? alguna de las medidas de proteccioÌ?n previstas
+en la Ley Nº 16.618, sobre menores, de conformidad al procedimiento
+establecido en ese cuerpo legal.
+
+
+ En los teÌ?rminos resenÌ?ados, queda salvada la inquietud que merecioÌ? a
+Carabineros de Chile el hecho de que el texto de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud
+soÌ?lo sustituyera el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 118 de la ley, referido a
+las actuaciones judiciales en caso de reincidencia por ebriedad, sin
+alterar el texto del inciso segundo. ManteniÌ?a, por ende, a juicio de esa
+institucioÌ?n, "la eventualidad de que Carabineros deba disponer diariamente
+y durante un mes de funcionarios que vigilen la reeducacioÌ?n del ebrio, lo
+que no parece conveniente atendida la escasez de personal existente para el
+cumplimiento de otras tareas operativas.".
+
+
+ - El nuevo artiÌ?culo 118 fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 6)
+
+
+ Sustituye los artiÌ?culos 120, 121 y 122, relativos a la conduccioÌ?n o
+desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad y a la conduccioÌ?n o desempenÌ?o bajo la
+influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+
+1.3.1 ArtiÌ?culo 120
+
+
+ El nuevo artiÌ?culo 120 prohibe conducir un vehiÌ?culo o medio de
+transporte, desempenÌ?arse en cualquier maquinaria o ejercer determinadas
+funciones reguladoras del traÌ?nsito vial o ferroviario, tanto en estado de
+ebriedad como bajo la influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ Dispone que esos estados seraÌ?n determinados por el juez considerando
+especialmente el informe de alcoholemia o el resultado de otras pruebas no
+invasivas, que seraÌ?n consideradas como informe pericial.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, presume el estado de ebriedad si el resultado del
+examen arroja una dosis igual o superior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en
+la sangre o en el organismo, y el estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia
+del alcohol si presenta una dosis superior a 0,5 e inferior a 0,8 gramo por
+mil de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo.
+
+
+ La disposicioÌ?n entiende que hay desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad aun
+respecto de aquellas personas ebrias que fueren sorprendidas en
+circunstancias que hagan presumir que se aprestan a actuar en ese estado, o
+que acaban de hacerlo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n creyoÌ? apropiado introducir algunos ajustes en los verbos
+rectores de las conductas descritas en el inciso primero, de modo de
+referirse a conducir un vehiÌ?culo o medio de transporte, operar cualquier
+maquinaria o desempenÌ?ar determinadas funciones reguladoras del traÌ?nsito
+vial o ferroviario.
+
+
+ En lo que concierne a los medios de prueba del estado de ebriedad y
+del estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol, estuvo de acuerdo
+en entregar al juez mayores facultades para la apreciacioÌ?n de esas
+circunstancias, ya que la ingestioÌ?n de alcohol no opera de manera ideÌ?ntica
+en todos los seres humanos. Al efecto, acordoÌ? senÌ?alar que el tribunal podraÌ?
+recurrir a todos los medios probatorios de que disponga, evaluando
+especialmente el estado general del imputado en relacioÌ?n con el control de
+sus sentidos, como tambieÌ?n el nivel de alcohol presente en el flujo
+sanguiÌ?neo y que conste en los informes de alcoholemia o en el resultado de
+otro tipo de pruebas no invasivas que hubieren sido practicadas por
+Carabineros.
+
+
+ AclaroÌ?, al respecto, que esas pruebas no invasivas no son otras que
+las pruebas respiratorias a que se alude maÌ?s adelante. PrecisoÌ? ademaÌ?s los
+funcionarios que pueden realizar tales pruebas, acogiendo con ello la
+sugerencia de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de Seguridad de TraÌ?nsito, en orden a
+concordar la disposicioÌ?n con los artiÌ?culos 189 y 190 de la Ley del
+TraÌ?nsito. Por otro lado, la mencioÌ?n de estas pruebas, llamadas comuÌ?nmente
+"alcohotest", en conjunto con los exaÌ?menes de alcoholemia, no importa
+atribuirles ideÌ?ntico valor, desde el momento en que esta uÌ?ltima es el mejor
+meÌ?todo de laboratorio para determinar la ebriedad, y los "alcohotest"
+deberiÌ?an utilizarse para seleccionar a aquellos conductores que deberiÌ?an
+someterse a alcoholemia, idea que la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? incorporar en el
+artiÌ?culo 122 que propone. Como manifestoÌ? el Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal a la
+ComisioÌ?n, "los resultados de otra prueba no invasiva para los efectos de
+ser considerada como informe pericial no parece constituir por siÌ? sola un
+medio idoÌ?neo para establecer el delito de manejo en estado de ebriedad".
+
+
+ La alcoholemia, por su parte, que consiste en extraer sangre al
+imputado para someterla a reacciones quiÌ?micas, permite determinar con alto
+grado de precisioÌ?n la concentracioÌ?n de alcohol etiÌ?lico en el organismo, de
+lo que puede deducirse el compromiso psiÌ?quico o neuroloÌ?gico que afecta a la
+persona. Normalmente, una alcoholemia alta indica estado de ebriedad, pero
+no es una relacioÌ?n indefectible, puesto que la primera es la medicioÌ?n
+instrumental de una situacioÌ?n fisioloÌ?gica, y el segundo es una alteracioÌ?n
+psiÌ?quica pasajera, respecto de la cual pueden influir tambieÌ?n factores
+propios del individuo o ajenos a eÌ?l, que provoquen distintas respuestas a
+iguales dosis de alcohol.
+
+
+ A la luz de estas consideraciones, la incorporacioÌ?n de las
+presunciones legales de estado de ebriedad si el resultado del examen
+arrojare una dosis igual o superior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la
+sangre o en el organismo, y de estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia del
+alcohol si presentare una dosis superior a 0,5 e inferior a 0,8 gramo por
+mil de alcohol, dio lugar a un detenido anaÌ?lisis.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto y Hamilton pusieron de relieve que,
+de acuerdo al nuevo CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal, desaparecen las presunciones
+como medios de prueba legal y, todaviÌ?a maÌ?s, se consagra una amplia libertad
+respecto de la forma de acreditar los hechos y de valorar la prueba. La
+apreciacioÌ?n de la prueba soÌ?lo tiene como liÌ?mites la aplicacioÌ?n de las
+reglas de la loÌ?gica, las maÌ?ximas de experiencia y los conocimientos
+cientiÌ?ficamente afianzados. En ese contexto, consideraron que resulta
+suficiente consagrar los criterios que se establecen en el inciso a que
+acaba de dar aprobacioÌ?n esta ComisioÌ?n, respecto de los cuales, e, incluso,
+de la flexibilidad que ha existido hasta el momento en esta materia gracias
+a la evolucioÌ?n jurisprudencial, instaurar presunciones legales constituiriÌ?a
+un franco retroceso.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Jefe de la DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica del Ministerio de Justicia hizo
+saber su coincidencia con ese punto de vista, anÌ?adiendo que, en rigor, los
+elementos de juicio contenidos en el inciso ya aprobado por la ComisioÌ?n
+permitiraÌ?n al tribunal formarse la presuncioÌ?n que corresponda, como parte
+de su razonamiento al apreciar los hechos. En cambio, instaurar
+presunciones legales tiene como propoÌ?sito evidente el de alterar la carga
+de la prueba, lo que aparece contrapuesto con la presuncioÌ?n de inocencia.
+En la especie, ademaÌ?s, el presupuesto de la presuncioÌ?n, cual es una
+determinada dosis de alcohol en la sangre, no da cuenta necesariamente del
+concepto que se pretende inferir, o sea, el estado de ebriedad o de
+encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ ExtendioÌ? su discrepancia al hecho de que se presuma el desempenÌ?o en
+estado de ebriedad aun respecto de aquellas personas ebrias que fueren
+sorprendidas en circunstancias que hagan presumir que se aprestan a actuar
+en ese estado, o que acaban de hacerlo. Sostuvo que la sancioÌ?n aplicable en
+caso de que el conductor se apreste a conducir constituye la penalizacioÌ?n
+de un acto preparatorio que ni siquiera pone en peligro al bien juriÌ?dico y,
+por lo mismo, en ese caso deberiÌ?a procederse al resguardo del imputado y de
+terceros mediante la aplicacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 114. Por su parte, quien acaba
+de conducir ya ejecutoÌ? el delito, lo que basta para proceder judicialmente,
+por lo que la presuncioÌ?n estaÌ? de maÌ?s.
+
+
+ La mayoriÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n, integrada por los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Silva, se manifestoÌ? partidaria de conservar las
+presunciones previstas por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud sobre las circunstancias
+en que una persona estaÌ? ebria o bajo la influencia del alcohol, sin
+perjuicio de revisarlas eventualmente con ocasioÌ?n del segundo informe.
+
+
+ Tuvo presente especialmente la conveniencia de reducir los paraÌ?metros
+que actualmente se utilizan para determinar esos hechos, a niveles que han
+recibido el respaldo del Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal y de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de
+Seguridad de TraÌ?nsito. El liÌ?mite inferior de 0,8 resulta coincidente con
+los estudios cientiÌ?ficos internacionales que fijan en dicha cantidad el
+estado de ebriedad cliÌ?nica propiamente tal. Ambos organismos incluso
+advierten que el nivel miÌ?nimo de gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre para
+considerar al conductor bajo la influencia del alcohol, teÌ?cnicamente,
+podriÌ?a incluso reducirse a 0,4, ya que el organismo humano en cualquiera
+condicioÌ?n, bajo dosis miÌ?nimas que fluctuÌ?an entre 0,3 y 0,5 gramo por mil se
+ve afectado por los primeros siÌ?ntomas de ebriedad inaparente o subcliÌ?nica,
+tales como desinhibicioÌ?n de las funciones psiÌ?quicas superiores;
+alteraciones sensoriales directas, en especial del oiÌ?do y de la vista;
+disminucioÌ?n de la concentracioÌ?n psiÌ?quica; alteracioÌ?n de la asociacioÌ?n de
+ideas y lentificacioÌ?n de las reacciones psicomotoras que producen
+condiciones negativas en el traÌ?nsito, como cierto grado de euforia, falsa
+confianza en siÌ? mismo, exceso de temeridad, poca valoracioÌ?n de las
+senÌ?alizacioÌ?n oficial, falsa apreciacioÌ?n de las distancias, etc.
+
+
+ RecordoÌ? la mayoriÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n que el liÌ?mite entre la influencia
+del alcohol y del estado de ebriedad establecido por la jurisprudencia en 1
+gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre tuvo su origen en el informe del
+Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal contenido en oficio N° 2472, de 28 de octubre de
+1976. La Corte Suprema ordenoÌ? a las Cortes de Apelaciones el 18 de abril de
+1978 poner ese documento en conocimiento de todos los juzgados del crimen y
+de policiÌ?a local de su jurisdiccioÌ?n. En eÌ?l se consigna que, si bien una
+persona se encuentra en estado de ebriedad propiamente tal desde que tiene
+0,8 gramo de alcohol por mil en la sangre, para evitar apreciaciones
+injustas es preferible fijar el liÌ?mite en 1 gramo por mil de acuerdo a la
+alcoholemia, puesto que de esta forma no hay duda acerca de la ebriedad,
+considerando que el paiÌ?s no cuenta con todos los exaÌ?menes aplicables en
+situaciones cuestionadas.
+
+
+ Las circunstancias actuales aconsejan implantar ahora, a juicio de la
+mayoriÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n, ese criterio cientiÌ?fico manifestado ya en 1976, que
+agregaba las principales manifestaciones de la ebriedad cliÌ?nica propiamente
+tal: desinhibicioÌ?n de las funciones psiÌ?quicas superiores, con grave
+compromiso de la autocriÌ?tica; compromiso notorio de las facultades
+intelectuales, como el juicio, la atencioÌ?n, la comprensioÌ?n y la memoria;
+trastornos motores que producen progresivamente limitacioÌ?n de la fuerza
+muscular, incoordinacioÌ?n de los movimientos, temblor, marcha oscilante,
+alteraciones del lenguaje, etc.; alteraciones sensoriales profundas que
+distorsionan las percepciones visuales y auditivas principalmente;
+disminucioÌ?n de la sensibilidad; trastorno cerebeloso-laberiÌ?ntico (veÌ?rtigo),
+y confusioÌ?n, estupor, inconsciencia, anestesia y, en estados maÌ?s avanzados,
+coma.
+
+
+ - El artiÌ?culo que proponemos fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva, con excepcioÌ?n de los incisos tercero y
+cuarto, que recibieron los votos favorables de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Silva, y los votos negativos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Aburto y Hamilton.
+
+
+
+1.3.2 ArtiÌ?culo 121
+
+
+ En los tres primeros incisos, indica las sanciones de las diferentes
+figuras punibles relativas a la conduccioÌ?n o desempenÌ?o en estado de
+ebriedad.
+
+
+ El primer inciso fue acogido por la ComisioÌ?n, con cambios formales, y
+la supresioÌ?n de su parte final, que reputa leves todas las lesiones que
+produzcan al ofendido enfermedad o incapacidad por un tiempo no mayor de
+diez diÌ?as. La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? inadecuado que para una determinada modalidad
+de afectacioÌ?n del bien juriÌ?dico protegido se den reglas diferentes de las
+generales, previstas en el artiÌ?culo 494 N° 5° del CoÌ?digo Penal, que
+entiende por lesiones leves "las que, en concepto del tribunal, no se
+hallaren comprendidas en el artiÌ?culo 399, atendidas la calidad de las
+personas y circunstancias del hecho". Los eventuales reparos de orden
+teÌ?cnico que pudiere merecer este concepto deberiÌ?an subsanarse en el
+contexto de una revisioÌ?n en su conjunto de la proteccioÌ?n penal a la
+integridad fiÌ?sica de las personas, y no por la viÌ?a de configurar figuras
+penales independientes. Adicionalmente, los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+DiÌ?ez y Hamilton compartieron la idea de que es conveniente el margen de
+apreciacioÌ?n que abre para el tribunal el artiÌ?culo 494 N°5° antes citado.
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo, que la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud reduce soÌ?lo a la
+hipoÌ?tesis de que se causare lesiones menos graves, la ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ?
+mantener ademaÌ?s la figura de las lesiones graves.
+
+
+ A su turno, respecto del inciso tercero aceptoÌ? parcialmente la idea
+de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud de anÌ?adir a la muerte de una persona la
+hipoÌ?tesis de lesiones, pero referida solamente a las lesiones denominadas
+por la doctrina "graves graviÌ?simas" descritas en el artiÌ?culo 397 N° 1° del
+CoÌ?digo Penal.
+
+
+ En esa virtud, tanto por la viÌ?a del aumento de la pena pecuniaria
+prevista para cada uno de estos casos, como por la incorporacioÌ?n de las
+lesiones graves graviÌ?simas al tipo penal sancionado con mayor severidad, se
+produce un incremento efectivo en las penas bases de las conductas
+respectivas.
+
+
+ Por razones de sistematicidad, no estuvo de acuerdo la ComisioÌ?n con
+la otra enmienda planteada por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud al mismo inciso
+tercero, en el sentido de castigar con iguales penas las lesiones graves o
+la muerte cuando la causa determinante del accidente hubiere sido la
+conduccioÌ?n bajo la influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ En efecto, mientras la conduccioÌ?n en estado de ebriedad configura
+alguno de los delitos de que trata este artiÌ?culo, la conduccioÌ?n de un
+vehiÌ?culo bajo la influencia del alcohol es una infraccioÌ?n al traÌ?nsito, de
+que trata el artiÌ?culo 197, N°1, de la ley N° 18.290, de TraÌ?nsito. Ello hace
+procedente regularla en este otro cuerpo legal y, precisamente, el artiÌ?culo
+196 B contempla la pena de reclusioÌ?n menor en su grado maÌ?ximo en el caso de
+aquellos accidentes de traÌ?nsito de resultas de los cuales la viÌ?ctima
+falleciere o quedare demente, inuÌ?til para el trabajo, impotente o esteÌ?ril,
+impedido de alguÌ?n miembro importante o notablemente deforme, cuya causa sea
+alguna de las infracciones que senÌ?ala, entre las que se cuenta la del N°1°
+del artiÌ?culo 197.
+
+
+ Le parecioÌ? atendible, en cambio, indicar expresamente que el tribunal
+podraÌ? hacer uso, en todo caso, de la facultad que le confiere el inciso
+final del aludido artiÌ?culo 196 B de la Ley de TraÌ?nsito. Tal disposicioÌ?n
+permite siempre a los jueces, aunque no medie condena por concurrir alguna
+circunstancia eximente de responsabilidad penal, decretar la inhabilidad
+temporal o perpetua para conducir vehiÌ?culos motorizados, si las condiciones
+psiÌ?quicas y morales del autor lo aconsejan.
+
+
+ El inciso cuarto, que faculta al tribunal para ordenar el examen para
+detectar la presencia de alcohol en el organismo de las viÌ?ctimas de
+lesiones o de muerte, si lo estimare imprescindible para determinar la
+responsabilidad del conductor, fue considerado innecesario por la ComisioÌ?n,
+ya que se inscribe dentro de las atribuciones propias de la investigacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Se inclinoÌ? por mantener, en cambio, la idea que inspira el inciso
+quinto, pero sin darle caraÌ?cter de presuncioÌ?n, para ajustarse al nuevo
+ordenamiento procesal penal. Dispuso, en consecuencia, que la circunstancia
+de huir del lugar donde se hubiere ejecutado la conducta delictiva,
+debidamente acreditada, podraÌ? ser apreciada por el tribunal como un hecho
+relevante para formar su conviccioÌ?n sobre la responsabilidad del imputado.
+
+
+ El inciso sexto, que establece las penas accesorias, fue aprobado con
+cambios formales, en orden a reemplazar los teÌ?rminos "el retiro o la
+suspensioÌ?n del permiso o autorizacioÌ?n para conducir vehiÌ?culos" por "la
+suspensioÌ?n de la licencia para conducir vehiÌ?culos motorizados", y "el
+retiro definitivo del permiso" por "la cancelacioÌ?n de la licencia". AdemaÌ?s,
+la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ?, siguiendo el planteamiento de la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de
+Magistrados del Poder Judicial - Regional Santiago, que, en lo que respecta
+a la reincidencia, la facultad judicial de decretar la cancelacioÌ?n de la
+licencia de conducir deberaÌ? fundarse en las anotaciones que registre la
+hoja de vida del conductor o en razones meÌ?dicas debidamente comprobadas.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se acogioÌ? la observacioÌ?n de esa entidad en el sentido de
+eliminar del inciso seÌ?ptimo la facultad judicial para alzar la prohibicioÌ?n
+una vez transcurrido el tiempo de prescripcioÌ?n de la pena principal si
+nuevos antecedentes asiÌ? lo justifiquen, ya que la pena accesoria de retiro
+definitivo o suspensioÌ?n de la licencia se comunica en forma inmediata, una
+vez ejecutoriado el fallo, y por lo tanto no seriÌ?a posible que el infractor
+resultara favorecido con la prescripcioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n, lo que siÌ? podriÌ?a
+ocurrir con la prescripcioÌ?n de la pena principal.
+
+
+ En este sentido, la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? precisar que las medidas
+indicadas en el inciso precedente no podraÌ?n ser suspendidas. Sin embargo,
+cumplidos a lo menos seis anÌ?os desde que se canceloÌ? la licencia de
+conducir, el juez podraÌ? alzar esa medida cuando nuevos antecedentes
+permitan estimar fundadamente que ha desaparecido el peligro para el
+traÌ?nsito o la seguridad puÌ?blica que importaba la conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos
+motorizados por el infractor.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, la ComisioÌ?n tomoÌ? nota de la circunstancia, resaltada
+por la H. Diputada senÌ?ora Cristi, de que la policiÌ?a procede a la detencioÌ?n
+de todas las personas a quienes se imputa la conduccioÌ?n en estado de
+ebriedad, aun cuando se trate de la conducta prevista en el inciso primero
+de este artiÌ?culo, que estaÌ? castigada con presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo
+y multa.
+
+
+ CoincidioÌ? en que, si bien podriÌ?a llegarse a esa conclusioÌ?n del solo
+examen de los artiÌ?culos 120 y 122, que hablan del "detenido" por los
+delitos de este artiÌ?culo sin distinguir entre ellos, es evidente que en la
+especie debe darse aplicacioÌ?n a las reglas generales de la ley procesal
+penal, que establecen los casos en que procede la detencioÌ?n y aquellos en
+que soÌ?lo corresponde la citacioÌ?n ante el tribunal.
+
+
+ Esa fue tambieÌ?n la opinioÌ?n de Carabineros de Chile, quien observoÌ? que
+"la simple conduccioÌ?n en estado de ebriedad sin efectos para terceros, o
+soÌ?lo con resultados de danÌ?os o lesiones leves, estaÌ? penada con presidio
+menor en su grado miÌ?nimo (61 a 540 diÌ?as) y multa. En consecuencia, seguÌ?n su
+penalidad, y de no mediar esta norma excepcional, corresponderiÌ?a que
+Carabineros concediera la libertad provisoria por aplicacioÌ?n del art. 266,
+en relacioÌ?n al art. 247, Nº 3, del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal.
+
+
+ Desde un punto de vista praÌ?ctico, la mantencioÌ?n de detenidos por este
+delito en los cuarteles policiales, particularmente los fines de semana,
+causa dificultades especialmente porque no se trata de delincuentes
+habituales. Por otra parte, considerando la penalidad del hecho, no se
+justifica la mantencioÌ?n de la detencioÌ?n una vez tomada la muestra de
+alcoholemia.
+
+
+ Carabineros estima razonable aplicar a este delito la regla general
+en materia de libertad provisoria, asegurando la comparecencia del detenido
+por la viÌ?a de retener el vehiÌ?culo y ponerlo a disposicioÌ?n del Tribunal."
+
+
+ Para hacer completa claridad sobre este punto, la ComisioÌ?n resolvioÌ?
+agregar dos nuevos incisos, teniendo a la vista las disposiciones que sobre
+la materia contempla el nuevo CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal.
+
+
+ Al efecto, dispuso que la persona que fuere sorprendida cometiendo
+alguna de las infracciones a que se refiere el inciso primero seraÌ? citada a
+comparecer ante la autoridad competente. La citacioÌ?n no obstaraÌ? a que, si
+procediere, sea conducida a un establecimiento hospitalario para la
+praÌ?ctica de los exaÌ?menes a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo siguiente, y se
+aplique lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 114.
+
+
+ En los demaÌ?s casos, tambieÌ?n podraÌ? citarse al imputado si no fuere
+posible conducirlo inmediatamente ante el juez y el oficial a cargo del
+recinto policial considerare que existen suficientes garantiÌ?as de su
+oportuna comparecencia. Si no fuere asiÌ?, se le mantendraÌ? detenido para
+ponerlo a disposicioÌ?n del tribunal, el que podraÌ? decretar la prisioÌ?n
+preventiva cuando procediere de acuerdo con las reglas generales.
+
+
+ - El artiÌ?culo que proponemos fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+
+1.3.3 ArtiÌ?culo 122
+
+
+ Alude a los lugares donde podraÌ?n practicarse los exaÌ?menes de
+alcoholemia, imponiendo al responsable de ellos la adopcioÌ?n de las medidas
+necesarias para que se efectuÌ?en en forma expedita, de modo que Carabineros
+emplee el menor tiempo posible en la custodia de los detenidos que los
+requieran.
+
+
+ Establece que la circunstancia de negarse el detenido a dicho examen
+seraÌ? apreciada por el Juez como una presuncioÌ?n, a la que podraÌ? dar valor
+suficiente para establecer la embriaguez del acusado.
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala, por uÌ?ltimo, que el detenido seraÌ? puesto a disposicioÌ?n del
+tribunal, el que podraÌ? otorgarle su excarcelacioÌ?n de acuerdo con las reglas
+generales, una vez que haya prestado declaracioÌ?n indagatoria.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente considerar reglas no soÌ?lo respecto de
+la alcoholemia, sino que tambieÌ?n sobre las pruebas respiratorias que puede
+practicar Carabineros, para regular en forma armoÌ?nica los dos elementos de
+conviccioÌ?n a que se refiere especiÌ?ficamente el nuevo artiÌ?culo 120, inciso
+segundo. De esa forma se sigue el criterio que hoy contempla el inciso
+primero del referido artiÌ?culo 120.
+
+
+ En esa medida, encabezoÌ? el artiÌ?culo con dos incisos nuevos, en los
+cuales se dispone que, para los efectos previstos en los artiÌ?culos 120 y
+121 de esta ley, Carabineros podraÌ? someter a una prueba respiratoria
+destinada a determinar la presencia de alcohol en la sangre o en el
+organismo, a toda persona que conduzca o se apreste a conducir un vehiÌ?culo
+en un lugar puÌ?blico. Ese examen se practicaraÌ? en todo caso, de conformidad
+a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la ley Nº 18.290, al conductor y al
+peatoÌ?n que hubieren participado en un accidente de traÌ?nsito del que
+resultaren lesiones o muerte.
+
+
+ Si el resultado de la prueba respiratoria denota en el conductor un
+posible estado de ebriedad, se le practicaraÌ? el examen de alcoholemia. Si
+solamente indica que dicha persona se encuentra bajo la influencia del
+alcohol, se procederaÌ? de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 114,
+pero podraÌ? permitirse que se retire en el vehiÌ?culo bajo la responsabilidad
+de otra persona que se haga cargo de la conduccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ De esa manera, se evitaraÌ? el recargo de trabajo que pesa hoy sobre
+los establecimientos que practican alcoholemias, facilitando la evacuacioÌ?n
+de ese examen y acelerando la informacioÌ?n que se remitiraÌ? a la autoridad
+competente.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n incluyoÌ? el inciso primero previsto por la
+H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, hacieÌ?ndolo aplicable cuando fuere necesario someter a
+una persona a alcoholemia. AcogioÌ? la proposicioÌ?n de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de
+Seguridad de TraÌ?nsito en el sentido de precisar que estos exaÌ?menes deberaÌ?n
+ser practicados por los funcionarios senÌ?alados en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la Ley
+de TraÌ?nsito, para evitar que quede a la libre interpretacioÌ?n la facultad de
+practicar los exaÌ?menes por parte de la policiÌ?a mediante la prueba
+respiratoria u otra idoÌ?nea y de los servicios meÌ?dicos la alcoholemia en su
+caso.
+
+
+ Mantuvo tambieÌ?n el inciso segundo de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, pero,
+concordaÌ?ndolo con la supresioÌ?n de las presunciones como medios de prueba en
+el proceso penal, establecioÌ? que la circunstancia de negarse el imputado a
+dicho examen seraÌ? apreciada por el tribunal como un antecedente de
+relevancia en la acreditacioÌ?n de su estado de ebriedad.
+
+
+ Por ser inconciliable con las nuevas reglas contempladas en el CoÌ?digo
+Procesal Penal, y ser suficientes las del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal,
+suprimioÌ? el inciso final de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ - La unanimidad de los integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva, prestoÌ? su aprobacioÌ?n al
+artiÌ?culo con los enmiendas que se han senÌ?alado.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 7)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 123, sancionando en once incisos a los
+propietarios, representantes legales o empleados de los establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas dentro del mismo local
+que admitan ebrios, permitan a sus consumidores beber hasta embriagarse,
+toleren que se cometan escaÌ?ndalos o se provoquen desoÌ?rdenes, proporcionen
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a un funcionario fiscalizador en servicio o suministren
+estas bebidas a menores de edad.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? aconsejable simplificar esta regulacioÌ?n y
+articular el contenido de este precepto en torno a las dos grandes ideas
+que lo inspiran: una, relativa al suministro a personas en manifiesto
+estado de ebriedad o a funcionarios fiscalizadores en servicio, y la otra,
+que conformaraÌ? el artiÌ?culo 123 bis, concerniente al suministro a menores de
+edad.
+
+
+ De esa manera, en el artiÌ?culo 123 que proponemos se agrupan las
+materias de los incisos primero a cuarto del texto de la H. ComisioÌ?n de
+Salud. La ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ? describir al sujeto activo de las conductas
+punibles como la persona que atienda el establecimiento de expendio de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, sin entrar a distinguir su calidad juriÌ?dica de
+propietario, representante legal o empleado. Tuvo presente que lo propio es
+sancionar al autor de la conducta, y no a quien puede incluso desconocerla,
+como es el caso del propietario o representante legal. Ello es sin
+perjuicio de que en muchos casos - localidades rurales, por ejemplo -
+coincidiraÌ? la persona de quien atiende el establecimiento con quien es su
+propietario. Ahora bien, si el duenÌ?o o administrador ha inducido la
+conducta, reviste juriÌ?dicamente tambieÌ?n la calidad de autor, y, en tal
+caso, la ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo en permitir se le imponga doblada la
+multa.
+
+
+ Las dos conductas reprochables que se describen consisten en
+suministrar bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a personas en manifiesto estado de
+ebriedad, y en vender u obsequiar bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los funcionarios
+fiscalizadores en servicio, para ser consumidas al interior del recinto.
+Las otras infracciones previstas por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud quedan
+subsumidas dentro de estas conductas, o no cumplen las exigencias
+contempladas en el nuÌ?mero 3 del artiÌ?culo 19 de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 123 bis que recomendamos, por su parte, trata del
+suministro de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a menores de 18 anÌ?os, considerado en los
+incisos quinto a undeÌ?cimo del texto de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ Consagra el principio baÌ?sico de que en todos los establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ? el suministro de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os cuando concurran acompanÌ?ados de
+sus padres o representantes a los recintos destinados a comedores.
+
+
+ Sanciona, en consecuencia, a quienes en la atencioÌ?n de esos
+establecimientos vendan, proporcionen o suministren bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a
+menores de edad en dos circunstancias: estar fuera de los casos
+mencionados, o no exigir a los consumidores que aparentemente tengan menos
+de dieciocho anÌ?os su ceÌ?dula de identidad u otro documento de identificacioÌ?n
+expedido por la autoridad puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ A la ComisioÌ?n no le parecioÌ? juriÌ?dicamente adecuado contemplar la
+prohibicioÌ?n para los menores de 18 anÌ?os de adquirir bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+como plantea la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, por referirse a personas que
+civilmente son incapaces y, penalmente carentes de responsabilidad, lo que
+es absoluto respecto de los impuÌ?beres y de los menores de 16 anÌ?os. Tampoco
+lo creyoÌ? viable desde el punto de vista praÌ?ctico, esto es, de eficacia de
+la disposicioÌ?n. Ambos reparos se subsanan, alcanzaÌ?ndose la finalidad que
+se persigue, con el mandato referido a quienes atienden los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a que se ha hecho
+alusioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el nuevo artiÌ?culo 123 bis se hace cargo de las hipoÌ?tesis
+de autoriÌ?a mediata, permitiendo que las multas se impongan dobladas a los
+administradores o duenÌ?os de los establecimientos referidos, en caso que el
+suministro en las condiciones mencionadas haya sido inducido directamente
+por eÌ?stos.
+
+
+ En los teÌ?rminos descritos, el nuevo artiÌ?culo 123 bis recoge lo
+medular de las observaciones que merecioÌ? al Servicio Nacional de Menores la
+expresioÌ?n utilizada por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud en orden a que "la
+infraccioÌ?n de esta prohibicioÌ?n daraÌ? lugar a lo dispuesto por el artiÌ?culo 16
+de la ley Nº 16.618".
+
+
+ DejoÌ? constancia ese Servicio que "este precepto legal fue incorporado
+a la ley de menores por la ley Nº 19.343, cuyo objetivo era la erradicacioÌ?n
+de los ninÌ?os y joÌ?venes de las caÌ?rceles de adultos. Es asiÌ? que la
+referencia al artiÌ?culo mencionado, sin perjuicio de ser demasiado amplia e
+imprecisa, llama a confusioÌ?n, toda vez que dicho precepto regula la
+retencioÌ?n de menores por hechos que sean constitutivos de delito, falta y
+tambieÌ?n cuando la retencioÌ?n es "por otra causa".
+
+
+ Si se estima que en el presente caso la retencioÌ?n del ninÌ?o o joven es
+"por otra causa", el artiÌ?culo 16 de la ley de Menores, obliga a la PoliciÌ?a
+a notificar el motivo de la retencioÌ?n a sus padres o guardadores, para
+luego proceder a devolveÌ?rselos. Si el ninÌ?o no los tuviese y apareciere de
+manifiesto la necesidad de brindarle asistencia o proteccioÌ?n, deberaÌ? ser
+puesto a disposicioÌ?n del juez de menores, para que eÌ?ste resuelva a su
+respecto la medida que proceda.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, el inciso final que agrega el proyecto de ley al
+artiÌ?culo 123 de la ley Nº 17.105, establece que "en los casos previstos en
+el presente artiÌ?culo en que haya tenido participacioÌ?n un menor, una vez
+comprobada su edad, eÌ?l seraÌ? entregado por Carabineros a sus padres o a su
+guardador". En consecuencia, y de acuerdo a lo expresado con anterioridad,
+existiriÌ?a una suerte de reiteracioÌ?n de la norma aplicable al menor de 18
+anÌ?os de edad que adquiere bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, lo que aparece como
+excesivo, a menos que la referencia que se hace al artiÌ?culo 16 de la ley de
+Menores en el caso en anaÌ?lisis, tenga una finalidad distinta, esta es,
+considerar que la retencioÌ?n sea por que el hecho en cuestioÌ?n es considerado
+delito o falta y no se deba a "otra causa". Esta interpretacioÌ?n,
+evidenciariÌ?a un caraÌ?cter eminentemente sancionatorio y punitivo para una
+conducta que no lo amerita, y que por el contrario, debiera ser objeto de
+medidas educativas, preventivas o proteccionales.".
+
+
+ - Con las enmiendas que se han senÌ?alado, se aproboÌ? el numeral por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 8)
+
+
+ Sustituye el artiÌ?culo 124, que se refiere a la sancioÌ?n de la
+reincidencia de las conductas sancionadas en el artiÌ?culo 123.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ? no utilizar el teÌ?rmino "reincidencia", por sus
+implicancias procesales, y estuvo de acuerdo en que la tercera transgresioÌ?n
+se sancione con la clausura definitiva del establecimiento, pero haciendo
+la salvedad de que se acredite la ausencia de responsabilidad en el duenÌ?o o
+administrador del establecimiento.
+
+
+ CoincidioÌ? con el criterio que inspira el inciso final aprobado por la
+H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, en orden a que se consideren las infracciones
+cometidas y sancionadas por sentencia firme durante determinado periÌ?odo,
+pero advirtioÌ? que ese elemento soÌ?lo es vaÌ?lido respecto del actual
+procedimiento, y pierde sustentacioÌ?n en el nuevo CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal, que
+abre la posibilidad de que el procedimiento no concluya necesariamente en
+sentencia definitiva. Por ello, prefirioÌ? senÌ?alar que se consideraraÌ?n las
+infracciones cometidas durante el lapso de que se trata, aun cuando no
+hubiere recaiÌ?do sobre ellas sentencia condenatoria firme, en virtud de
+haber decretado el tribunal la suspensioÌ?n condicional del procedimiento.
+
+
+ - En esos teÌ?rminos, la norma fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 9)
+
+
+ Enmienda el artiÌ?culo 127, que otorga a la mujer y a los hijos menores
+de quien haya sido condenado maÌ?s de una vez por ebriedad en el plazo de un
+anÌ?o, hasta el 50% de las remuneraciones de eÌ?ste, con el objeto de que la
+titularidad del beneficio corresponda al coÌ?nyuge, al padre o madre de los
+menores, seguÌ?n sea el caso.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n coincidioÌ? con la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de Magistrados de
+Menores en la necesidad de precisar de manera maÌ?s clara la competencia a
+que se refiere esta disposicioÌ?n, en relacioÌ?n con lo dispuesto en el
+artiÌ?culo 26, Nº 3, de la Ley de Menores, Nº 16.618.
+
+
+ Este uÌ?ltimo precepto confiere a los jueces de letras de menores la
+atribucioÌ?n de "ordenar la entrega a los hijos menores, o a la persona que
+los tenga a su cargo, de hasta un cincuenta por ciento del sueldo, pensioÌ?n
+o de cualquiera otra retribucioÌ?n en dinero que perciba el padre de esos
+menores en razoÌ?n de su trabajo u oficio, en el caso de que hubiere sido
+declarado vicioso por el juez de letras de menores" y anÌ?ade que, para estos
+efectos, "se presumiraÌ? de derecho que el padre es vicioso cuando hubiere
+sido condenado por ebriedad maÌ?s de una vez en el anÌ?o."
+
+
+ Para armonizar ambas reglas, la ComisioÌ?n atribuyoÌ? expresamente a esa
+retencioÌ?n de dineros la calidad de alimentos provisorios, que podraÌ?
+decretar el tribunal que conoce de la ebriedad en la misma resolucioÌ?n en
+que condene nuevamente al infractor y se extenderaÌ? hasta por el plazo de un
+anÌ?o, sin perjuicio de lo que resuelva el competente juez de letras de
+menores al conocer la solicitud respectiva, para lo cual se le enviaraÌ?
+copia de la resolucioÌ?n y de sus antecedentes.
+
+
+ - El nuevo artiÌ?culo 127 fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 10)
+
+
+ Reemplaza en el artiÌ?culo 128 la multa aplicable al empleador o
+persona que no efectuÌ?e la retencioÌ?n de remuneraciones dispuesta por el
+tribunal en virtud del artiÌ?culo 127, que en la actualidad es 4,50 escudos,
+por una a tres unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n juzgoÌ? innecesario este artiÌ?culo, por ser suficientes los
+medios coactivos de que disponen los tribunales para la ejecucioÌ?n de sus
+resoluciones, sea en virtud de la propia Ley de Menores, de la Ley sobre
+Abandono de Familia y Pago de Pensiones Alimenticias, o de lo prescrito en
+el artiÌ?culo 240 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ - En consecuencia, por la unanimidad de sus integrantes, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva, acordoÌ? derogar
+el artiÌ?culo 128.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 11)
+
+
+ Sustituye el artiÌ?culo 130, con cuatro objetivos principales.
+
+
+ En primer lugar, obliga a todos los establecimientos educacionales
+del paiÌ?s, de ensenÌ?anza preescolar, baÌ?sica, media y diferencial, a
+implementar programas educativos, en cada uno de los anÌ?os de estudio,
+orientados a la formacioÌ?n de vida saludable y al desarrollo de factores
+protectores contra el abuso del alcohol.
+
+
+ AnÌ?ade que en estos programas participaraÌ? la comunidad escolar,
+incluidos los profesores, alumnos, administrativos, padres y apoderados.
+El desarrollo de estos programas seraÌ? parte del plan de actividades de cada
+establecimiento educacional. El Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n entregaraÌ? las
+orientaciones y supervisaraÌ? la implementacioÌ?n de dichos programas. Estas
+orientaciones deberaÌ?n considerar la participacioÌ?n del Ministerio de Salud.
+
+
+ En segundo teÌ?rmino, sanciona la venta, suministro o consumo de toda
+clase de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, en forma habitual y permanente, en los
+establecimientos educacionales con multa de uno a cinco unidades
+tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ En tercer lugar, senÌ?ala que, para el cumplimiento de los programas
+educativos descritos en los incisos anteriores, el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n
+determinaraÌ? los materiales educativos que se utilizaraÌ?n, proporcionaraÌ? los
+medios necesarios para que se cuente con ellos en los establecimientos
+educacionales de menores recursos y organizaraÌ? cursos de capacitacioÌ?n de
+profesores que permitan disponer de docentes especializados en la
+prevencioÌ?n del abuso en el consumo del alcohol.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, dispone que una comisioÌ?n interministerial, compuesta por
+representantes de los Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo y
+PrevisioÌ?n Social, estaraÌ? encargada de implementar y fomentar programas de
+prevencioÌ?n del abuso de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser impartidos en
+empresas, servicios puÌ?blicos y municipalidades, y de arbitrar las medidas y
+efectuar los estudios necesarios para evaluar sus resultados.
+
+
+ Respecto del primero de los propoÌ?sitos indicados, la ComisioÌ?n hizo
+suya la observacioÌ?n recibida en su momento del senÌ?or Ministro de EducacioÌ?n,
+don JoseÌ? Pablo Arellano MariÌ?n, quien advirtioÌ? "desde el punto de vista
+juriÌ?dico y constitucional, que es improcedente e inadecuado que a traveÌ?s de
+una norma legal se pretenda incorporar un contenido obligatorio dentro de
+los planes y programas de los establecimientos educacionales".
+
+
+ ManifestoÌ? el mencionado Secretario de Estado que el artiÌ?culo 19 Nº
+11, inciso final, de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica establece que "una ley
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional estableceraÌ? los requisitos miÌ?nimos que deberaÌ?n
+exigirse en cada uno de los niveles de la ensenÌ?anza baÌ?sica y media y
+senÌ?alaraÌ? las normas objetivas, de general aplicacioÌ?n, que permitan al
+Estado velar por su cumplimiento".
+
+
+ A su turno, el artiÌ?culo 18 de la ley Nº 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, dispone que "corresponderaÌ? al Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica, por decreto supremo, dictado a traveÌ?s del Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n PuÌ?blica, previo informe favorable del Consejo Superior de
+educacioÌ?n a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 32, establecer los objetivos
+fundamentales para cada uno de los anÌ?os de la ensenÌ?anza baÌ?sica y media,
+como asimismo de los contenidos miÌ?nimos obligatorios que facilitaraÌ?n el
+logro de los objetivos formulados, los que deberaÌ?n publicarse iÌ?ntegramente
+en el Diario Oficial.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos educacionales tendraÌ?n libertad para fijar planes
+y programas de estudios que consideren adecuados para el cumplimiento de
+los referidos objetivos y contenidos miÌ?nimos obligatorios por anÌ?o y los
+complementarios que cada uno de ellos fije."
+
+
+ En ese marco, complementado por los respectivos decretos supremos de
+EducacioÌ?n, destacoÌ? el senÌ?or Ministro que "los establecimientos
+educacionales del paiÌ?s tienen la libertad de elaborar sus propios planes y
+programas en caso de no querer adoptar los formulados por el Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n".
+
+
+ "Los establecimientos educacionales que han elaborado sus propios
+planes y programas no deben necesariamente contemplar contenidos
+relacionados con estas materias, pues debemos recordar que el actual
+procedimiento curricular permite que este tipo de decisiones quede
+entregado a cada comunidad escolar, superando de este modo la excesiva
+uniformidad que tradicionalmente ha tenido la ensenÌ?anza, asumiendo asiÌ? las
+diferencias de intereses y expectativas educativas que existen en una
+sociedad democraÌ?tica y plural".
+
+
+ Sobre el mismo punto, acotoÌ? la FederacioÌ?n de Instituciones de
+EducacioÌ?n (FIDE) que "de acuerdo al principio de la Libertad de EnsenÌ?anza,
+consagrado en el artiÌ?culo 19 Nº 11 de la ConstitucioÌ?n, en relacioÌ?n con el
+artiÌ?culo 18 de la Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, la elaboracioÌ?n
+de planes y programas corresponde a la direccioÌ?n de cada establecimiento
+educacional, en el marco de lo senÌ?alado por las normas de general
+aplicacioÌ?n dadas por el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n", y reparoÌ? en que este
+Ministerio "surge con un rol que excede el aÌ?mbito de atribuciones que la
+propia ley orgaÌ?nica le entrega".
+
+
+ En virtud de esas consideraciones, la ComisioÌ?n resolvioÌ? establecer el
+principio de que en todos los establecimientos educacionales, sean de
+ensenÌ?anza parvularia, baÌ?sica o media, se estimularaÌ? la formacioÌ?n de haÌ?bitos
+de vida saludable y el desarrollo de factores protectores contra el abuso
+del alcohol. La forma en que se desarrollaraÌ? ese principio en cada
+establecimiento educacional quedaraÌ? entregada a la aplicacioÌ?n de las
+referidas disposiciones constitucionales, orgaÌ?nicas constitucionales y
+reglamentarias que descansan en la libertad de ensenÌ?anza.
+
+
+ Cabe acotar que el reemplazo de la mencioÌ?n a la educacioÌ?n preescolar
+por la de educacioÌ?n parvularia contoÌ? con la aprobacioÌ?n de la senÌ?ora
+Ministra de EducacioÌ?n donÌ?a Mariana Aylwin, y que, al tenor de lo dispuesto
+en los artiÌ?culos 7º, 8º, 14 y 15 de la ley Nº 18.962, los niveles
+educacionales propios de la ensenÌ?anza formal son los de ensenÌ?anza baÌ?sica y
+ensenÌ?anza media, dentro de los cuales se insertan modalidades como la
+ensenÌ?anza de adultos y la ensenÌ?anza especial o diferencial, por lo que no
+es necesario referirse expresamente a estos uÌ?ltimos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n vinculoÌ? a la antes senÌ?alada finalidad la entrega de
+material didaÌ?ctico y capacitacioÌ?n a docentes por parte del Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n, en lo que no vio inconvenientes, de acuerdo a la informacioÌ?n
+proporcionada por el Ministro senÌ?or Arellano. Este hizo saber que en 1992
+se creoÌ? en ese Ministerio el Programa de PrevencioÌ?n de Drogas y
+Alcoholismo, que, entre otras acciones que desarrolla, entrega material
+didaÌ?ctico a las distintas unidades educativas del paiÌ?s y capacita docentes
+en la tarea de prevencioÌ?n. Por otra parte, recordoÌ? que, de acuerdo a lo
+dispuesto en el decreto supremo Nº 3650, de 1964, el Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n es la institucioÌ?n que declara determinado material como didaÌ?ctico
+o auxiliar para la formacioÌ?n de los educandos, lo que no significa que los
+establecimientos educacionales no puedan usar otros materiales,
+circunstancia que se encuentra contemplada dentro de la misma libertad
+curricular.
+
+
+ La sola entrega de material didaÌ?ctico que contemploÌ? la ComisioÌ?n, por
+tanto, no merece los reparos que le suscitoÌ? al Ministro senÌ?or Arellano la
+regla en virtud de la cual "el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n determinaraÌ? los
+materiales educativos que se usaraÌ?n para este fin", en el sentido de que no
+es concordante con la actual flexibilidad curricular de nuestro sistema
+educativo, y a la FederacioÌ?n de Instituciones de EducacioÌ?n (FIDE), en
+cuanto a que tal precepto "puede ser considerado como inconstitucional, por
+cuanto, si bien estaÌ? senÌ?alando el contenido especiÌ?fico que deben tener
+planes y programas, una simple ley no puede llegar a determinar la forma en
+que dicho contenido debe realizarse en cada colegio. Cada establecimiento
+educacional es libre para determinar los materiales a emplear en la
+prevencioÌ?n de los problemas derivados del alcoholismo."
+
+
+ Resulta uÌ?til anÌ?adir que la Ministra de EducacioÌ?n senÌ?ora Aylwin ha
+observado, en relacioÌ?n con la prevencioÌ?n, que "desde un punto de vista
+teÌ?cnico existen dos tipos: prevencioÌ?n inespeciÌ?fica y especiÌ?fica. La
+primera consiste en promover la salud integral a traveÌ?s de formacioÌ?n de
+estilos de vida saludables, entre otras estrategias, y puede prevenir
+distintos tipos de problemas sociales, no solo consumo de drogas. La
+segunda se refiere al fortalecimiento de factores protectores especiÌ?ficos
+del consumo de drogas en general, entre ellos, de aqueÌ?llos dirigidos a
+sustancias puntuales. En este sentido, se puede hablar de factores
+protectores y de riesgo del consumo de alcohol, del consumo de marihuana,
+de tabaco, etc.
+
+
+ La tarea formativa debe considerar tanto la prevencioÌ?n inespeciÌ?fica
+como la especiÌ?fica, empezando la primera cuando el alumno estaÌ? en la
+educacioÌ?n parvularia y en el primer nivel de la baÌ?sica, para luego
+continuar con la segunda en los siguientes niveles.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, la obligacioÌ?n que se impone, en el texto propuesto,
+al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n de proporcionar material didaÌ?ctico a los
+establecimientos de menores recursos y capacitar a los docentes en la
+prevencioÌ?n del alcoholismo, debe entenderse referida a la prevencioÌ?n
+especiÌ?fica.".
+
+
+ La segunda de las finalidades a que apunta el artiÌ?culo es la
+prohibicioÌ?n de vender, suministrar y consumir bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, en forma
+habitual y permanente, en los establecimientos educacionales.
+
+
+ Al respecto, la mayoriÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n, integrada por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Silva, tuvo en cuenta, por una parte, que
+circunscribir la prohibicioÌ?n a la venta, suministro y consumo "habitual y
+permanente" no refleja con claridad el propoÌ?sito perseguido por la H.
+ComisioÌ?n de Salud, cual es, seguÌ?n se expresa en su informe, "permitir que
+en forma muy excepcional, como son algunas festividades anuales
+conmemorativas de la fundacioÌ?n de las instituciones de ensenÌ?anza, o con
+motivo de reuniones ocasionales con participacioÌ?n de las familias de los
+educandos, se pueda consumir moderadamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas".
+
+
+ La citada mayoriÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n consideroÌ? preferible hacer expliÌ?cito
+ese criterio, en el sentido de establecer la prohibicioÌ?n, pero dejando a
+salvo la posibilidad de que se expenda esporaÌ?dicamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+con ocasioÌ?n de actividades especiales de la localidad en la que se
+encuentra ubicado el establecimiento educacional o de determinadas
+festividades, lo que es frecuente en muchas ciudades y pueblos del paiÌ?s, y
+que se explica porque en ellos el recinto del establecimiento es el uÌ?nico,
+o uno de los pocos, que se presta para recibir un nuÌ?mero importante de
+personas.
+
+
+ Esta idea fue respaldada por la Ministra de EducacioÌ?n senÌ?ora Aylwin,
+quien, en general, estimoÌ? que, "siendo el alcohol una droga legal, la
+prevencioÌ?n debe incluir la ensenÌ?anza y modelos de consumo moderado de
+alcohol en circunstancias especiales, como Fiestas Patrias. En este
+sentido, parece adecuado autorizar el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas al
+interior de un establecimiento educacional en circunstancias como la
+mencionada y otras".
+
+
+ Con el objeto de asegurar el adecuado ejercicio de esta facultad, la
+mayoriÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n la radicoÌ? en la direccioÌ?n del respectivo
+establecimiento, quien deberaÌ? contar con el acuerdo del centro general de
+padres y apoderados. En esas condiciones, la direccioÌ?n podraÌ? autorizar que
+se proporcione y consuma bebidas alcohoÌ?licas durante Fiestas Patrias o
+actividades de beneficencia que se realicen hasta por tres veces en cada
+anÌ?o calendario, de lo cual se daraÌ? aviso previo a Carabineros y a la
+respectiva Municipalidad, para los efectos de que dispongan las medidas de
+fiscalizacioÌ?n que procedan. Se precisoÌ? que esta autorizacioÌ?n no se
+concederaÌ? durante el anÌ?o escolar en establecimientos que cuenten con
+internado. Por uÌ?ltimo, se exigioÌ? a la direccioÌ?n del establecimiento velar
+por el correcto uso de la autorizacioÌ?n concedida y porque la realizacioÌ?n de
+la actividad no afecte de manera alguna el normal desarrollo de las
+actividades educacionales.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto y Hamilton manifestaron que se
+abstendriÌ?an en este punto, por no resultarles convincentes las razones para
+permitir el expendio ocasional de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en los
+establecimientos educacionales.
+
+
+ La existencia de una comisioÌ?n interministerial, compuesta por
+representantes de los Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo y
+PrevisioÌ?n Social, de que se trata en el inciso final del artiÌ?culo, fue
+aprobada en los mismos teÌ?rminos por la ComisioÌ?n, considerando que se trata
+de una materia de iniciativa exclusiva de S.E. el Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica, que eÌ?ste planteoÌ? mediante indicacioÌ?n durante el primer traÌ?mite
+constitucional.
+
+
+ - Con las adecuaciones senÌ?aladas, el artiÌ?culo que proponemos fue
+aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva, con la excepcioÌ?n de su
+inciso cuarto, el que quedoÌ? aprobado reglamentariamente, luego de recibir
+los votos a favor de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Silva y las
+abstenciones de los senÌ?ores Aburto y Hamilton.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 131 de la Ley de Alcoholes, Bebidas AlcohoÌ?licas y
+Vinagres expresa que el Estado proporcionaraÌ? gratuitamente manuales y
+material de ensenÌ?anza antialcohoÌ?lica a todas las escuelas y colegios de
+ensenÌ?anza primaria, secundaria y especial.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n advirtioÌ? que semejante precepto no se justifica, ya que
+esta materia quedaraÌ? contemplada en el artiÌ?culo 130, que se acaba de
+examinar.
+
+
+ En su reemplazo, decidioÌ? regular la conmutacioÌ?n de la pena de multa
+prevista para las infracciones descritas en los artiÌ?culos anteriores por la
+realizacioÌ?n de trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad, en teÌ?rminos similares
+a los que se consultan en las leyes ya aprobadas sobre la materia. De tal
+forma se hace cargo del planteamiento de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud en el
+mismo sentido, reflejado en el artiÌ?culo 191 que propone.
+
+
+ .- El nuevo artiÌ?culo 131 se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 12)
+
+
+ Sustituye la multa consignada en el artiÌ?culo 132, ascendiente a un
+quinto de sueldo vital mensual, que sanciona el incumplimiento de la
+obligacioÌ?n de mantener un ejemplar extractado del TiÌ?tulo II de la ley en
+todo establecimiento que se expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, por una a tres
+unidades tributarias mensuales, y suprime la denominacioÌ?n de "Comunales"
+aplicada a las TesoreriÌ?as las dos veces que figura.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo con la sugerencia de la ContraloriÌ?a
+General de la RepuÌ?blica, en orden a cambiar la uÌ?ltima referencia por la
+mencioÌ?n de la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, para evitar confusiones
+con las TesoreriÌ?as municipales.
+
+
+ - La unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva. aproboÌ? el numeral con
+cambios en su redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 134 de la ley se refiere al secuestro de los ebrios
+habituales en los centros de reeducacioÌ?n para alcohoÌ?licos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente reemplazar el concepto de "secuestro",
+que tiene una connotacioÌ?n penal en el caso de personas, por el teÌ?rmino maÌ?s
+neutro de "internacioÌ?n". AceptoÌ?, de esa forma, la recomendacioÌ?n de la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ - AsiÌ? lo acordoÌ? con la misma votacioÌ?n que se acaba de mencionar.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 13)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 135, para permitir internar al coÌ?nyuge, padre o
+madre de familia que habitualmente se encontrare bajo la influencia del
+alcohol, de modo que no le sea posible administrar correctamente sus
+negocios o sustentar a su coÌ?nyuge e hijos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n notoÌ? que el precepto confunde dos situaciones diferentes,
+ya que mezcla la necesidad de tratamiento de una persona para atender a su
+salud, con el eventual efecto patrimonial que pudiera haber derivado de ese
+estado en cuanto a la mala administracioÌ?n de sus negocios, que lo acerca a
+la figura de la interdiccioÌ?n por disipacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, tuvo en cuenta la prevencioÌ?n con que deben examinarse
+medidas de seguridad como la propuesta, por su afectacioÌ?n de los derechos
+individuales, si bien en la especie se ve atenuada por la circunstancia de
+que soÌ?lo se la hace procedente por resolucioÌ?n judicial, dictada en un
+procedimiento que observa las garantiÌ?as miÌ?nimas del racional y justo
+procedimiento.
+
+
+ Trajo a colacioÌ?n, asimismo, las reflexiones sobre constitucionalidad
+de esta medida que se resenÌ?aron a propoÌ?sito de la enmienda al artiÌ?culo 117
+de la ley, y que reiteroÌ? el Profesor senÌ?or Cumplido, manifestando que "para
+ajustarse a la ConstitucioÌ?n deberiÌ?a fijar un plazo maÌ?ximo del tratamiento.
+AdemaÌ?s, es de advertir que se aplica sin que haya un hecho iliÌ?cito en que
+haya incurrido la persona. Si no puede administrar correctamente sus
+negocios, podriÌ?a dar lugar a una interdiccioÌ?n que permitiera otorgarle a
+otra persona la administracioÌ?n".
+
+
+ El Profesor de Derecho Civil don HernaÌ?n Corral coincidioÌ? con este
+punto de vista, expresando que "me parece de muy cuestionable
+constitucionalidad la restriccioÌ?n a la libertad personal que se articula en
+el texto, en el sentido de obligar a una persona mayor de edad, y no
+incapacitada, a internarse en un establecimiento hospitalario, sin que
+exista un claro peligro social por su comportamiento."
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que "no parece coherente tampoco privarle, ni aun
+provisoriamente, de la administracioÌ?n de sus bienes, mediante el
+nombramiento de un curador". "Tal medida ademaÌ?s no resulta consistente con
+nuestro sistema civil, que concibe las guardas para proteger a personas que
+han sido declaradas incapaces de ejercicio en los casos taxativamente
+senÌ?alados por la ley, entre los cuales no estaÌ? la de ser alcohoÌ?lico." "Si
+el alcoholismo lleva a la persona a una verdadera privacioÌ?n de razoÌ?n, eÌ?sta
+podraÌ? ser considerada "demente" y de esta manera podriÌ?a nombraÌ?rsele
+curador". "Si lo que se desea es restringir las facultades de disposicioÌ?n
+del alcohoÌ?lico que conserva el uso de su razoÌ?n, tal vez la mejor solucioÌ?n
+seraÌ? la interdiccioÌ?n por causa de prodigalidad, la que procede justamente
+ante "hechos repetidos de dilapidacioÌ?n que manifiesten una falta total de
+prudencia" (art.445 CC).
+
+
+ Es dable consignar que la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de
+Chile apuntoÌ? que la frase "el padre o la madre de familia" es improcedente,
+por cuanto dicho concepto fue derogado por la ley Nº 19.585, de 26 de
+octubre de 1998; consideroÌ? que no queda claro queÌ? se entiende por "bebedor
+problema", y resaltoÌ? que, al senÌ?alar como interesados en la peticioÌ?n a los
+"miembros mayores de edad de su familia", no limita grados de parentesco ni
+aclara si se refiere solamente a los parientes por consaguinidad o
+comprende tambieÌ?n a los parientes por afinidad. Siendo este concepto tan
+amplio, sobre todo si debe escucharse a los parientes, conforme al artiÌ?culo
+42 del CoÌ?digo Civil, podriÌ?a prestarse para chantajes dentro de la familia.
+
+
+ AnÌ?adioÌ? que "de otro lado el artiÌ?culo en comento pareciera innecesario
+en consideracioÌ?n a las siguientes razones:
+
+
+ 1º. La mala administracioÌ?n de los negocios es causal de separacioÌ?n
+judicial de bienes o teÌ?rmino del reÌ?gimen de participacioÌ?n en los
+gananciales, en su caso.
+
+
+ 2º. El alcoholismo es causal de inhabilidad para la tuicioÌ?n y en su
+caso, para el cese del derecho-deber de comunicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 3º. La falta de sustentacioÌ?n del o la coÌ?nyuge e hijos es causal del
+divorcio.
+
+
+ 4º. El maltrato habitual de obra y palabra es causal del divorcio y
+ademaÌ?s da lugar a la aplicacioÌ?n de la Ley de violencia intrafamiliar."
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo fue tambieÌ?n objeto de reparos por el Servicio Nacional de
+Menores, quien observoÌ?, respecto de los incisos primero y segundo, "que el
+derecho a solicitar la internacioÌ?n en el caso en comento, soÌ?lo puede ser
+ejercido por cualquiera de los miembros mayores de edad de la familia del
+enfermo, desconocieÌ?ndose la facultad legiÌ?tima del hijo menor de edad de
+solicitar la internacioÌ?n, cuando eÌ?l sea el afectado. Tal disposicioÌ?n se
+contradice ademaÌ?s con lo que preceptuÌ?a el artiÌ?culo 12 de la ConvencioÌ?n
+sobre los derechos del ninÌ?o, que senÌ?ala que los Estados Partes garantizaraÌ?n
+al ninÌ?o que esteÌ? en condiciones de formarse un juicio propio, el derecho de
+expresar su opinioÌ?n libremente en todos los asuntos que lo afectan,
+tenieÌ?ndose debidamente en cuenta las opiniones del ninÌ?o, en funcioÌ?n de su
+edad y madurez. Con tal fin, se daraÌ? en particular al ninÌ?o oportunidad de
+ser escuchado en todo procedimiento judicial o administrativo que lo
+afecta, ya sea directamente o por medio de un representante o de un oÌ?rgano
+apropiado.
+
+
+ Sostuvo dicho Servicio que, ademaÌ?s, el inciso tercero resulta
+demasiado amplio e impreciso. Observa que no senÌ?ala cuaÌ?l menor de edad, es
+decir, con que caracteriÌ?sticas o problemaÌ?tica, es el que puede ser
+internado. Asimismo, no se precisa con algo maÌ?s de detalle las condiciones
+de la internacioÌ?n, considerando que eÌ?sta debe ser siempre y auÌ?n en este
+caso el uÌ?ltimo recurso. La facultad que se concede al padre o madre en
+relacioÌ?n con el hijo sujeto a patria potestad resulta en principio
+ilimitada, pues no se establece expresamente la intervencioÌ?n del juez como
+oÌ?rgano decisorio. De igual forma, se entrega a "la DireccioÌ?n del Centro"
+el derecho exclusivo a decidir el periÌ?odo de tiempo que duraraÌ? la
+internacioÌ?n, sin considerar otros factores o elementos.
+
+
+ TerminoÌ? expresando que "en general puede senÌ?alarse que las medidas
+que se consagran en este artiÌ?culo estaÌ?n inspiradas en un excesivo
+proteccionismo, que privilegia la internacioÌ?n por sobre el tratamiento en
+el medio libre o familiar, sin que se consideren para los efectos de
+adoptar la decisioÌ?n final que asegure el intereÌ?s superior del ninÌ?o, otros
+elementos de caraÌ?cter meÌ?dico, personales, sociales, etc."
+
+
+ En virtud de las reflexiones precedentes y de las que se expusieron
+al informar el artiÌ?culo 118, la ComisioÌ?n concluyoÌ? que la materia estaba
+adecuadamente resuelta con el texto aprobado para aquel otro precepto, y
+resolvioÌ? derogar el artiÌ?culo 135.
+
+
+ - Ese acuerdo se adoptoÌ? por la unanimidad de los integrantes
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y
+Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 14)
+
+
+ En el artiÌ?culo 136, establece que una de las secciones especiales de
+los centros de reeducacioÌ?n para alcohoÌ?licos estaraÌ? destinada a los menores
+de 18 anÌ?os, en vez de 21 anÌ?os, como se senÌ?ala actualmente.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado en los mismos teÌ?rminos en forma unaÌ?nime, por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 15)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 139, que contiene normas sobre fiscalizacioÌ?n de
+los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ A la ComisioÌ?n no le merecioÌ? observaciones el inciso primero de la H.
+ComisioÌ?n de Salud, que somete a la vigilancia e inspeccioÌ?n de Carabineros e
+inspectores fiscales y municipales los establecimientos en que se expenda,
+proporcione, distribuya o mantenga bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo, que castiga al que estorbe o impida la entrada de
+los mencionados funcionarios con la pena senÌ?alada en el artiÌ?culo 172, fue
+objeto de cambios, derivados del hecho de que, como se expondraÌ? en su
+oportunidad, la ComisioÌ?n coincidioÌ? en que el aludido artiÌ?culo adolece de
+inconstitucionalidad. Por tal razoÌ?n, se mencionoÌ? directamente en el inciso
+que se informa las penas aplicables, distinguiendo si es una primera
+infraccioÌ?n, si se ha repetido o si es la tercera vez que se comete, y la
+advertencia ya antes efectuada en orden a que soÌ?lo procede la clausura del
+establecimiento si media responsabilidad del duenÌ?o o administrador.
+
+
+ El inciso tercero, que permite practicar la inspeccioÌ?n con el auxilio
+de la fuerza puÌ?blica, en caso de resistencia, ha devenido en
+inconstitucional de acuerdo con lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 80 A de la
+Carta Fundamental, que obliga a contar con autorizacioÌ?n judicial previa
+para las actuaciones que priven al imputado o a terceros del ejercicio de
+los derechos que esta ConstitucioÌ?n asegura, o lo restrinjan o perturben. En
+virtud de ello, la ComisioÌ?n lo suprimioÌ?.
+
+
+ El inciso cuarto, que impone los deberes de tener ceÌ?dula de identidad
+y de exhibirla, y permite a la policiÌ?a hacer uso de las atribuciones para
+controlar la identidad previstas en el artiÌ?culo 260 bis del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, fue suprimido. Para adoptar tal decisioÌ?n la ComisioÌ?n
+tuvo en vista que, de acuerdo a la nueva redaccioÌ?n aprobada por el Congreso
+Nacional para el artiÌ?culo 260 bis de dicho CoÌ?digo y para el artiÌ?culo 85 del
+CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal, el control de identidad soÌ?lo procede respecto de
+criÌ?menes y simples delitos, no asiÌ? de faltas, como es el caso. Por lo
+demaÌ?s, no existe un deber juriÌ?dico de tener o portar ceÌ?dula de identidad,
+como supone el inciso que se comenta. La obligacioÌ?n es otra, como se deriva
+del artiÌ?culo 496 Nº 5º del CoÌ?digo Penal, que pena el hecho de ocultar el
+verdadero nombre y apellido a la autoridad o persona que tenga derecho para
+exigir que los manifieste, la negativa a manifestarlos o la mencioÌ?n de un
+domicilio falso.
+
+
+ Los incisos quinto y sexto facultan a los tribunales competentes para
+decretar el allanamiento de inmuebles para fiscalizar el cumplimiento de
+esta ley, y le imponen el deber de decretar de inmediato esa diligencia si
+hubieren antecedentes de expendio clandestino. La ComisioÌ?n les prestoÌ? su
+aprobacioÌ?n, con ajustes de forma, destinados a compatibilizarlos con la
+reforma procesal penal, que excluye a los tribunales de la labor de
+investigacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Con los cambios senÌ?alados, resultoÌ? aprobado por la unanimidad de
+los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 16)
+
+
+ Sustituye el artiÌ?culo 140, que contiene la clasificacioÌ?n de los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en distintas
+categoriÌ?as.
+
+
+ Esta materia fue objeto de variadas observaciones por parte de los
+organismos a quienes consultoÌ? la ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La AsociacioÌ?n Pisquera de Chile y la FederacioÌ?n Nacional de
+Sindicatos de Trabajadores VitiviniÌ?colas y Pisqueros de Chile estimaron que
+el proyecto no avanza significativamente en lo referente a la clasificacioÌ?n
+de los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas. Existe una
+veintena de clasificaciones y subclasificaciones de establecimientos a los
+que corresponde un nuÌ?mero similar de tipos de patentes. Les parece que tal
+sistema es excesivamente complejo, engorroso y entraba el libre
+desenvolvimiento del sector. En su opinioÌ?n, cuatro o seis tipificaciones
+seriÌ?a maÌ?s que suficiente para garantizar un buen funcionamiento.
+
+
+ Respecto de la letra f), la AsociacioÌ?n de Exportadores y
+Embotelladores de Vinos sostuvo que el proyecto mantiene el monopolio legal
+para la cerveza que existe en la actualidad con las denominadas patentes
+cerveceras, esto es, negocios en que soÌ?lo puede venderse cerveza, con o sin
+el giro de pasteleriÌ?a o fuente de soda anexo, y en donde no puede venderse
+ninguna otra bebida alcohoÌ?lica, ni siquiera sidra, ponche ni vino en
+botellines de 200 centiÌ?metros cuÌ?bicos.
+
+
+ En lo que concierne a la letra g), la VicariÌ?a de la Esperanza Joven
+estimoÌ? que resulta contradictorio facultar a los servicios al auto para
+expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, ya que genera condiciones para que un
+conductor consuma alcohol. CoincidioÌ? con la AsociacioÌ?n de Magistrados-
+Regional Santiago, quien opinoÌ? que deberiÌ?a prohibirse expresamente la venta
+de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en estos establecimientos, por razones obvias. La
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica sugirioÌ? incluir la frase "o drive in",
+que constituye el vocablo comuÌ?n para referirse a este tipo de
+establecimientos.
+
+
+ Sobre la letra i), notoÌ? la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica que se
+refiere exclusivamente a los moteles de turismo, los que define
+expresamente, quedando excluidos los moteles que no tengan ese caraÌ?cter,
+omisioÌ?n que deberiÌ?a subsanarse. A su vez, la nueva disposicioÌ?n no
+especifica la autoridad que determina el caraÌ?cter de turiÌ?stico de alguno de
+los establecimientos que senÌ?ala y el procedimiento para su declaracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La misma ContraloriÌ?a consideroÌ? que la letra l) no incluye las
+agencias de vinos o licores importados, que deberiÌ?an incorporarse en el
+precepto.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo con la observacioÌ?n baÌ?sica que realizoÌ?
+la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, en el sentido de que en la norma
+vigente se establece el monto de las patentes a pagar, expresado en
+escudos, el que se ha ido actualizando semestralmente hasta la fecha, de
+conformidad a la variacioÌ?n experimentada por el iÌ?ndice de precios al
+consumidor. En cambio, el texto aprobado por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud no
+considera el monto de cada patente, por lo que, de aprobarse en los mismos
+teÌ?rminos, desapareceriÌ?a la base de caÌ?lculo.
+
+
+ En atencioÌ?n a que la determinacioÌ?n del valor de cada patente de
+alcoholes es una materia de ley de iniciativa exclusiva del Presidente de
+la RepuÌ?blica, la ComisioÌ?n solicitoÌ? al Ejecutivo, por medio del senÌ?or Jefe
+de la DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica del Ministerio de Justicia, que presentara la
+indicacioÌ?n correspondiente.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, con las firmas de los senÌ?ores
+Ministros de Hacienda y de Justicia, hizo llegar a la ComisioÌ?n el Mensaje
+Nº 145-342, fechado el 29 de agosto de 2000, en el que formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n
+sustitutiva para este numerando.
+
+
+ En ese documento, expresa el Ejecutivo que, entre los objetivos
+abarcados por el proyecto original y por los criterios asumidos por la
+ComisioÌ?n de Salud del H. Senado, se ha previsto el perfeccionamiento de la
+descripcioÌ?n de las categoriÌ?as o grupos de establecimientos en los cuales se
+autorizaraÌ? el expendio, consumo o suministro de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y el
+antecedente relativo al monto de la patente municipal que devengaraÌ?n,
+establecida en su fuente originaria en la ley de rentas Municipales.
+
+
+ Declara que dicha materia ha sido, en su concepto, adecuadamente
+modificada en orden a adecuar la nomenclatura utilizada para la descripcioÌ?n
+de los establecimientos de acuerdo al uso que actualmente se les atribuye,
+constituyendo asiÌ? un adelanto de gran utilidad en la materia. Sin embargo,
+como consecuencia de dicha modificacioÌ?n, se han eliminado las tasas
+establecidas en una unidad monetaria en desuso como es el escudo -de
+acuerdo a la eÌ?poca histoÌ?rica de origen de la ley- quedando la patente
+establecida sin fijar un monto por el cual se devengue.
+
+
+ De acuerdo a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 62 Nº1 de la ConstitucioÌ?n
+PoliÌ?tica, la determinacioÌ?n de esa materia es de iniciativa exclusiva del
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, por lo que corresponde a eÌ?ste fijar su cuantiÌ?a
+mediante la presentacioÌ?n de un proyecto de ley o de una indicacioÌ?n adjunta
+al presente proyecto, alternativa esta uÌ?ltima, que le parece maÌ?s adecuada a
+los objetos de obtener con mayor prontitud una reforma sobre la materia.
+
+
+ AnÌ?ade que, por ello y a fin de posibilitar la adopcioÌ?n de un acuerdo
+sobre el punto, se ha elaborado una indicacioÌ?n que mantiene las tasas
+actualmente utilizadas, adecuando su determinacioÌ?n a la unidad que se ha
+estimado de rigor en los demaÌ?s contenidos del proyecto y que corresponde a
+la Unidad Tributaria Mensual (UTM), siguiendo para ello el siguiente
+procedimiento:
+
+
+ a. Se ha considerado que el artiÌ?culo 59 de la Ley de Rentas
+Municipales establece un sistema de reajustabilidad semestral, aplicable a
+todos los impuestos de esta naturaleza que no esteÌ?n senÌ?alados en
+porcentajes.
+
+
+ b. En consecuencia, los valores senÌ?alados en la indicacioÌ?n
+sustitutiva han sido establecidos en atencioÌ?n del valor en pesos que tiene
+cada una de las patentes para el segundo semestre del anÌ?o 2000;
+
+
+ c. Esos valores han sido convertidos a su equivalente aproximado en
+UTM (paraÌ?metro actual y reajustable);
+
+
+ d. Respecto de las nuevas categoriÌ?as de establecimientos de expendio
+que se crean en el proyecto de ley, se les ha asignado un valor en atencioÌ?n
+a los montos establecidos para establecimientos de naturaleza anaÌ?loga;
+
+
+ e. En el caso de aquellas categoriÌ?as que presentan
+subclasificaciones, se ha graduado el valor de la patente de conformidad al
+volumen de actividad que realiza cada uno de ellos;
+
+
+ f. Para la determinacioÌ?n de las patentes individualizadas, no se
+consideraraÌ? el iÌ?ndice de reajustabilidad establecido en el artiÌ?culo 59 de
+la ley de rentas municipales.
+
+
+ Concluye formulando indicacioÌ?n para sustituir el texto iÌ?ntegro del Nº
+16 del artiÌ?culo 1º por el que senÌ?ala.
+
+
+ - La ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? la indicacioÌ?n de S.E. el Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica, con cambios formales, por la unanimidad de sus integrantes
+presentes, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Chadwick y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 17)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 144, senÌ?alando las normas legales conforme a
+las cuales deben concederse las patentes; la oportunidad en que debe
+efectuarse su pago; la prohibicioÌ?n de funcionar sin previo pago o sin tener
+la patente al diÌ?a, y las sanciones aplicables en caso de infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n observoÌ? que el primer inciso, en virtud del cual las
+patentes se concederaÌ?n de conformidad a la Ley de Rentas Municipales y a la
+ley Nº 18.695, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Municipalidades, sin perjuicio de
+las normas contenidas en esta ley, no guarda plena congruencia con el
+artiÌ?culo 33 de la propia Ley de Rentas Municipales, contenida en el decreto
+ley Nº 3063, de 1979, cuyo texto refundido y sistematizado fue fijado por
+decreto Nº 2385, de Interior, de 1996.
+
+
+ Dicho artiÌ?culo ordena que "las patentes de los establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ?n clasificadas y otorgadas en la forma
+que determina la ley Nº 17.105, sin perjuicio de quedar afectos a la
+contribucioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 24 de la presente ley". Es decir, el legislador
+ha dado aplicacioÌ?n preferente a la Ley de Alcoholes, atendido su caraÌ?cter
+de ley especial. No se desprende igual conclusioÌ?n de la redaccioÌ?n prevista
+por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ Esta materia tiene considerable importancia praÌ?ctica, como lo
+demuestra, por ejemplo, el dictamen Nº 12062, de 16 de abril de 1982, de la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Consultada acerca de la procedencia de otorgar patentes provisorias
+de alcoholes, en los teÌ?rminos establecidos por el inciso tercero del
+artiÌ?culo 26 de la Ley de Rentas Municipales, sostuvo la ContraloriÌ?a que, en
+virtud del principio de legalidad, "las Municipalidades soÌ?lo pueden otorgar
+patentes provisorias o permisos temporales a los establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas cuando una norma expresa las autorice para
+ello. (Aplica oficio-circular Nº 70.150, de 1966)".
+
+
+ ExplicoÌ? que "las Municipalidades no estaÌ?n facultadas para otorgar
+patentes provisorias conforme con lo previsto por el inciso tercero del
+artiÌ?culo 26 de la Ley de Rentas Municipales, cuando se trata de negocios
+dedicados al expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas pues, como ya se senÌ?alara,
+dichas patentes se clasifican y otorgan de acuerdo con las disposiciones de
+la Ley de Alcoholes, no siendo procedente que se regulen por modalidades o
+sistemas especiales contemplados en un reÌ?gimen juriÌ?dico diverso del que
+expresamente ha dispuesto el legislador."
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n compartioÌ? la idea de reafirmar el caraÌ?cter de legislacioÌ?n
+especial que tiene la Ley de Alcoholes, que reconoce acertadamente ese
+dictamen del Organo Contralor, lo que no obsta a que se apliquen las reglas
+generales que sean compatibles con su estatuto.
+
+
+ En esa misma liÌ?nea de reflexioÌ?n, tuvo en cuenta que seriÌ?a conveniente
+aprovechar la oportunidad para complementar esta ley con el desarrollo de
+la atribucioÌ?n que, recientemente, el artiÌ?culo 65, letra n), de la Ley
+OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Municipalidades entrega al alcalde, con acuerdo
+del concejo, para "otorgar, renovar, caducar y trasladar patentes de
+alcoholes", anÌ?adiendo que "el otorgamiento, la renovacioÌ?n o el traslado de
+estas patentes se practicaraÌ? previa consulta a las juntas de vecinos
+respectivas". Esa necesidad fue corroborada por la ContraloriÌ?a General de
+la RepuÌ?blica, la que sugirioÌ? precisar legalmente el sentido y alcance de
+los vocablos "renovacioÌ?n" y "traslado", que, al no estar aclarado,
+dificulta enormemente la aplicacioÌ?n de tales expresiones.
+
+
+ Con todo, la ComisioÌ?n no innovoÌ? en ese punto, que es de iniciativa
+exclusiva del Ejecutivo, al no recibir una indicacioÌ?n en tal sentido.
+
+
+ Convino en establecer, en el inciso primero, que las patentes se
+otorgaraÌ?n en la forma que determina esta ley, sin perjuicio de la
+aplicacioÌ?n de las normas de la Ley de Rentas Municipales y de la ley Nº
+18.695 en lo que fueren pertinentes.
+
+
+ Los incisos segundo y cuarto no merecieron observaciones a la
+ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El inciso tercero, que impide funcionar a los establecimientos de que
+se trata sin que hayan pagado la patente y continuar funcionando sin
+tenerla al diÌ?a, "salvo que este hecho no fuere imputable al deudor y lo
+probare documentalmente". Al respecto, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? oportuno recoger
+la sugerencia que le efectuoÌ? la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, en el
+sentido de precisar que corresponde apreciar estas circunstancias al
+alcalde.
+
+
+ - La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus integrantes presentes HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva, aproboÌ? el artiÌ?culo en los
+teÌ?rminos que se han resenÌ?ado.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 146 de la Ley de Alcoholes dispone que "en las ciudades,
+balnearios y lugares de turismo, cuya poblacioÌ?n no sea superior a 50.000
+habitantes, las Municipalidades podraÌ?n otorgar temporales para hoteles y
+casas de pensioÌ?n con una rebaja del 30% del monto asignado a las patentes
+anuales.
+
+
+ Las Municipalidades soÌ?lo podraÌ?n conceder patentes de esta clase en un
+nuÌ?mero que no exceda del 20% de las otorgadas anualmente para hoteles y
+casas de pensioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos con patente temporal, soÌ?lo podraÌ?n funcionar a
+contar desde el 1º de diciembre de un anÌ?o hasta el 31 de marzo inclusive
+del anÌ?o proÌ?ximo.
+
+
+ El reglamento fijaraÌ? las ciudades-balnearios y lugares de turismo en
+que las Municipalidades puedan conceder patentes temporales.".
+
+
+ La Ley de Rentas Municipales, con posterioridad, en su artiÌ?culo 28,
+establecioÌ? lo siguiente:
+
+
+ "En aquellas comunas en que se encuentren ubicados balnearios o
+lugares de turismo, las municipalidades podraÌ?n otorgar patentes temporales
+hasta por cuatro meses para el funcionamiento de negocios o actividades
+gravadas conforme al artiÌ?culo 23 de esta ley, incluidas las de expendio de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ El valor de las patentes, por el periÌ?odo en que se otorguen en cada
+anÌ?o o temporada, seraÌ? del cincuenta por ciento del valor de la patente
+ordinaria.
+
+
+ El Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica determinaraÌ? los balnearios y lugares de
+turismo, en que se podraÌ? otorgar esta clase de patente para el expendio de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.".
+
+
+ Como se puede apreciar, estas disposiciones regulan las mismas
+materias: el otorgamiento de patentes temporales, hasta por cuatro meses,
+para establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en balnearios o
+lugares de turismo; el valor de dichas patentes, y la determinacioÌ?n por
+decreto supremo de los balnearios y lugares de turismo a los que se
+aplicaraÌ? esta disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ No obstante que, en consecuencia, pudo haberse entendido derogado
+taÌ?citamente el artiÌ?culo 146 de la Ley de Alcoholes, no fue esa la
+conclusioÌ?n a que llegoÌ? la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica. En 1997,
+mediante dictamen Nº 16054, se le consultoÌ? si las patentes temporales a que
+alude al artiÌ?culo 146 de la ley Nº 17.105 pueden otorgarse a los
+establecimientos de depoÌ?sito de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas. Al respecto, la
+ContraloriÌ?a hizo presente que el inciso primero de esa disposicioÌ?n
+"contempla este tipo de patentes soÌ?lo para "hoteles y casas de pensioÌ?n", no
+pudiendo extenderse analoÌ?gicamente a otro tipo de establecimientos, por
+cuanto el texto es claro al autorizarlas, excepcionalmente, para esas
+actividades, por lo que, a contrario sensu, debe entenderse excluiÌ?das las
+demaÌ?s."
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, la ComisioÌ?n tomoÌ? nota de los antecedentes que le
+proporcionoÌ? el H. Senador senÌ?or Hamilton, en el sentido de que la vigencia
+que se reconoce por la jurisprudencia administrativa al artiÌ?culo 146 de la
+Ley de Alcoholes ha producido diversos inconvenientes para las
+municipalidades que tienen dentro de su territorio balnearios o lugares de
+turismo, que derivan del caraÌ?cter maÌ?s restrictivo de tal norma frente al
+artiÌ?culo 28 de la Ley de Rentas Municipales.
+
+
+ Sostuvo el mencionado H. senÌ?or Senador que el artiÌ?culo 146 no es
+suficiente para satisfacer la demanda de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas que se produce
+en las ciudades turiÌ?sticas en verano, ya que el nuÌ?mero de habitantes en
+temporada alta se ve aumentado en varios miles de personas en relacioÌ?n con
+la cantidad de habitantes que residen alliÌ? durante todo el anÌ?o. AdemaÌ?s,
+permite otorgar patentes temporales soÌ?lo para los hoteles y casas de
+pensioÌ?n, en circunstancias que es de frecuente ocurrencia que bares y
+tabernas funcionen soÌ?lo en eÌ?poca de verano. Hizo ver la necesidad de
+concordar este artiÌ?culo con la facultad que la Ley de Rentas Municipales
+concede a las municipalidades para otorgar patentes temporales a
+establecimientos comerciales, sin limitacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo en poner teÌ?rmino a la incongruencia que
+significa admitir la vigencia simultaÌ?nea de las aludidas disposiciones de
+la Ley de Alcoholes y de la Ley de Rentas Municipales, particularmente si
+puede sostenerse, razonablemente, que esta uÌ?ltima habriÌ?a derogado en su
+momento a la anterior. ConcluyoÌ? que, para zanjar la situacioÌ?n, es
+preferible abrogar en forma expresa el artiÌ?culo 146 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+a fin de permitir que rija en plenitud el artiÌ?culo 28 de la Ley de Rentas
+Municipales.
+
+
+ Tuvo en cuenta que, de esa forma, dentro del marco territorial que
+fije el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica al determinar los balnearios y lugares
+de turismo, las municipalidades podraÌ?n adoptar las medidas que juzguen maÌ?s
+convenientes atendida su propia situacioÌ?n, lo que guarda plena armoniÌ?a con
+la decisioÌ?n que tomoÌ? recientemente el legislador al permitir, en el
+artiÌ?culo 65, letra nÌ?), de la ley Nº 18.695, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de
+Municipalidades, que cada municipio fije el horario de funcionamiento para
+todo tipo de establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas,
+cualquiera sea su denominacioÌ?n o categoriÌ?a, que exista en la respectiva
+comuna.
+
+
+ No estaÌ? de maÌ?s anÌ?adir que, en la actualidad, los balnearios o lugares
+de turismo, para los efectos del citado inciso final del artiÌ?culo 28 de la
+Ley de Rentas Municipales, estaÌ?n senÌ?alados en el decreto supremo Nº 149,
+del Ministerio de Interior, de 1980, que ha sido modificado por los
+decretos de Interior Nºs. 423 y 1060, ambos de 1987. El lapso que
+comprenden los cuatro meses de duracioÌ?n maÌ?xima para las patentes estaÌ?
+consignado en el artiÌ?culo 3º del mismo decreto supremo Nº 149, de 1980, que
+diferencia entre los balnearios o lugares de turismo de verano y aquellos
+de turismo de cordillera y, en general, de invierno.
+
+
+ - Por las razones expresadas, la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? suprimir el artiÌ?culo
+146 de la Ley de Alcoholes en forma unaÌ?nime. Votaron los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 18)
+
+
+ Modifica el artiÌ?culo 147, que establece las patentes limitadas de
+alcoholes, que se otorgan a los establecimientos de categoriÌ?as A, E y F,
+vale decir, depoÌ?sitos de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+local de venta o de sus dependencias; cantinas, bares, pubs y tabernas, con
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y venta de comida raÌ?pida, y
+establecimientos de expendio de cerveza o sidra de frutas que funcionen en
+forma aislada o junto a pasteleriÌ?as, fuentes de soda u otros anaÌ?logos.
+
+
+ El cambio consiste en sustituir los dos primeros incisos, con el
+objeto de que la relacioÌ?n proporcional que existe entre el nuÌ?mero de
+patentes que se otorguen para locales y la cantidad de habitantes de la
+comuna respectiva, ascendente a un negocio por cada 400 habitantes, sea en
+lo sucesivo de un establecimiento por cada 600 habitantes, y de que el
+nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas en cada comuna no sea fijado por el Presidente
+de la RepuÌ?blica cada cinco anÌ?os, sino por el intendente regional, previo
+informe del alcalde, con acuerdo del concejo, cada tres anÌ?os.
+
+
+ La idoneidad de esta medida fue puesta en entredicho por la
+ConfederacioÌ?n Gremial del Comercio Detallista y Turismo de Chile, la
+AsociacioÌ?n de Exportadores y Embotelladores de Vinos, la AsociacioÌ?n
+Pisquera de Chile y la FederacioÌ?n Nacional de Sindicatos de Trabajadores
+VitiviniÌ?colas y Pisqueros de Chile.
+
+
+ Sostuvo la primera de esas organizaciones que "parte de una base
+erroÌ?nea. El legislador supone que es la existencia de establecimientos de
+comercio destinados al expendio de alcohol lo que crea una necesidad en el
+puÌ?blico consumidor en orden a la ingesta alcohoÌ?lica. Creemos que es
+necesario atacar la raiÌ?z del problema y no sus ramas visibles como son los
+establecimientos de comercio. En efecto, estos existen porque existe la
+demanda por parte del puÌ?blico consumidor. Si esta demanda no es satisfecha
+por el comercio establecido, lo seraÌ? por el clandestinaje con todos los
+efectos colaterales que ello conlleva. Por lo anterior, lo que es necesario
+reducir es la demanda por alcohol."
+
+
+ La AsociacioÌ?n de Exportadores y Embotelladores de Vinos destacoÌ? que,
+en relacioÌ?n con la norma vigente, "el nuÌ?mero de negocios establecidos, en
+donde debe suponerse que se respetan los horarios de funcionamiento, las
+edades de prohibicioÌ?n de venta, etc., se disminuye en un 33,33%. Suponemos
+que nadie realmente creeraÌ? que semejante medida disminuiraÌ? el consumo de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas o -mucho menos- influiraÌ? en alguna forma positiva
+contra el flagelo del alcoholismo. La consecuencia directa e inmediata de
+esta disminucioÌ?n importante de negocios establecidos seraÌ? su sustitucioÌ?n
+por negocios clandestinos, muy difiÌ?ciles de controlar por no estar
+registrados en ninguna parte y que no respetan ninguna norma de horario,
+funcionamiento, expendio, etc. (Para no mencionar aspectos tributarios y de
+potabilidad)".
+
+
+ Por su parte, las dos uÌ?ltimas entidades afirmaron que dicha
+limitacioÌ?n vulnera el principio constitucionalidad de legalidad, la
+igualdad ante la ley, la libre iniciativa empresarial, la libertad para
+adquirir el dominio de bienes y la propiedad, derechos fundamentales de
+nuestro ordenamiento juriÌ?dico.
+
+
+ En lo que atanÌ?e a los oÌ?rganos en los cuales se radica el ejercicio la
+potestad, la ComisioÌ?n conocioÌ? la discrepancia de la AsociacioÌ?n Chilena de
+Municipalidades, la que consideroÌ? que "no parece loÌ?gico que el informe que
+debe remitir el Alcalde, deba ser aprobado por el Concejo. Ello, por cuanto
+se trata de una funcioÌ?n puramente administrativa, en que su contenido se
+limita a informar el nuÌ?mero de habitantes de la comuna (previamente
+informado por el I.N.E.) y, conforme a ello, determinar cuaÌ?ntas patentes
+limitadas corresponde fijar. AsiÌ? entonces, carece de sentido tener que
+obtener un acuerdo de Concejo sobre materias administrativas, que no se
+condicen con las facultades que establece la Ley Nº 18.695, orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de Municipalidades, para los Concejos Municipales."
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n no compartioÌ? los reparos de constitucionalidad formulados
+respecto de este precepto, que tampoco fueron aceptados por el Profesor
+senÌ?or Cumplido, quien sostuvo que: "tales restricciones se ajustan a la
+ConstitucioÌ?n, siempre que sean racionales y justas, es decir, no
+arbitrarias. En efecto, la explotacioÌ?n de un establecimiento que expende
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, tiene por fundamento al Art. 19 Nº 21 de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n que asegura el derecho a desarrollar cualquier actividad
+econoÌ?mica, respetando las normas legales que la regulen. Corresponde a la
+ley efectuar esta regulacioÌ?n sin que pueda afectar el derecho en su
+esencia. Se ajustan a la ConstitucioÌ?n las limitaciones que el legislador
+establezca en razoÌ?n de la moral, el orden puÌ?blico, la seguridad nacional
+(Art. 19 Nº 21 de la ConstitucioÌ?n), o del bienestar general (Art. 29 de la
+DeclaracioÌ?n Universal de Derechos Humanos), por lo que el legislador
+calificaraÌ? tales circunstancias relacionadas con la actividad econoÌ?mica."
+"El Estado debe, ademaÌ?s, promover el bien comuÌ?n y dar proteccioÌ?n a la
+poblacioÌ?n y a la familia (Art. 1º de la ConstitucioÌ?n), fundamento
+suficiente para restricciones de derechos materiales, como la actividad
+econoÌ?mica."
+
+
+ DespueÌ?s de evaluar los argumentos recibidos, la ComisioÌ?n se inclinoÌ?
+por aceptar las enmiendas aprobadas por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, dando su
+aprobacioÌ?n al inciso primero en los mismos teÌ?rminos y al inciso segundo con
+un cambio formal.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, estimoÌ? insatisfactorios los incisos restantes
+del artiÌ?culo147, desde el punto de vista de obtencioÌ?n del propoÌ?sito que
+persigue la disposicioÌ?n, en orden a que se ajuste el nuÌ?mero de patentes
+existentes para los establecimientos de que se trata a la cantidad que se
+fije perioÌ?dicamente por la autoridad. No consideroÌ? apropiado, siguiendo ese
+razonamiento, que el inciso final admita expresamente la posibilidad de que
+se exceda ese margen incluso maÌ?s allaÌ? de un 30%, y soÌ?lo en ese evento
+impida que las patentes sigan subsistiendo por la viÌ?a de rematarlas al
+mejor postor.
+
+
+ AcordoÌ?, por lo mismo, sustituir tambieÌ?n los incisos restantes, para
+mantener el sistema de remate de las patentes limitadas impagas, pero soÌ?lo
+una vez que se haya reducido efectivamente su nuÌ?mero a la cantidad
+determinada por el intendente regional, sea debido a la no renovacioÌ?n de
+patentes a los establecimientos definitivamente clausurados o a la
+caducidad de las patentes impagas que excedan la cantidad predeterminada
+para el periÌ?odo respectivo.
+
+
+ Cabe consignar que la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica ha senÌ?alado
+"que la sancioÌ?n de remate o caducidad que establece el citado artiÌ?culo 147
+soÌ?lo es aplicable a las patentes antes senÌ?aladas y no podraÌ? extenderse a
+las otras clases de patentes de alcoholes que contempla el artiÌ?culo 140 de
+la Ley 17.105". (Dictamen Nº 11919, de 20 de marzo de 1980)
+
+
+ Por otra parte, ha advertido que "no existe precepto legal alguno que
+autorice a las Municipalidades para licitar las patentes limitadas de
+alcoholes que se otorgan por primera vez. En efecto, dicho procedimiento
+soÌ?lo ha sido considerado por el legislador para el caso de que el titular
+de la patente no pague su valor dentro del plazo legal"...lo que "no obsta
+a que la Municipalidad adopte todas las medidas que estime conducentes para
+poner en conocimiento de los interesados la existencia de dichas
+disponibilidades, toda vez que con ello se permite la concurrencia de un
+mayor nuÌ?mero de postulantes." (Dictamen Nº 12062, de 1982, antes citado).
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? el artiÌ?culo 147 que proponemos por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 149 de la Ley de Alcoholes se refiere a la integracioÌ?n de
+las Juntas Provinciales de Reclamos contempladas en la Ley de Rentas
+Municipales contenida en la ley Nº 11.704, de 1954.
+
+
+ En la medida que la Ley de Rentas Municipales vigente no considera
+dichas entidades, la ComisioÌ?n razonoÌ? que este artiÌ?culo fue objeto de
+derogacioÌ?n orgaÌ?nica en su oportunidad. Por lo mismo, estimoÌ? conveniente
+suprimirlo en forma expresa, para evitar que continuÌ?e apareciendo en el
+texto de la Ley de Alcoholes. Hizo una sugerencia, en el mismo sentido,
+Carabineros de Chile, debido que se consulta como miembro de esa Junta al
+Jefe de Carabineros que designe la Prefectura respectiva.
+
+
+ - La unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva, acordoÌ? derogar el artiÌ?culo 149.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 19)
+
+
+ EfectuÌ?a una enmienda formal en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 150,
+consistente en eliminar la referencia al inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 140,
+como consecuencia de la nueva redaccioÌ?n que se propone para este uÌ?ltimo
+artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ La mencioÌ?n que ahora carece de justificacioÌ?n es la que se hace a la
+obligacioÌ?n de las bodegas de productores ubicadas en predios rurales, que
+tengan por objeto el almacenamiento de vinos y su venta para ser consumidos
+fuera del local y de sus dependencias, en el sentido de efectuar solamente
+ventas al por mayor.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 20)
+
+
+ Sustituye el artiÌ?culo 153, que prohibe la existencia de determinados
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en las cercaniÌ?as de
+ciertos lugares.
+
+
+ La nueva disposicioÌ?n faculta a las municipalidades para que en sus
+planos reguladores o en las ordenanzas municipales determinen las zonas de
+su territorio en las cuales podraÌ?n instalarse cantinas, bares o tabernas,
+cabareÌ?s y locales de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas
+fuera del respectivo local.
+
+
+ Declara que los negocios que despueÌ?s de establecidos resultaren
+afectados por esta prohibicioÌ?n soÌ?lo podraÌ?n funcionar por un anÌ?o maÌ?s,
+contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley.
+
+
+ Al mismo tiempo, prohibe que existan los mismos negocios a menos de
+cien metros de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n o de salud; de terminales y
+garitas de la movilizacioÌ?n colectiva y de otros que determine la respectiva
+Municipalidad.
+
+
+ Termina senÌ?alando que la distancia se mediraÌ? entre los extremos maÌ?s
+proÌ?ximos de los respectivos establecimientos, tomando la liÌ?nea de acceso
+principal maÌ?s corta, por aceras, calles y espacios de uso puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ Respecto del primer inciso, que confiere a las municipalidades la
+atribucioÌ?n de determinar, en sus respectivos planos reguladores, o a traveÌ?s
+de ordenanzas municipales, las zonas de su territorio en las que podraÌ?n
+instalarse cantinas, bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s y locales de expendio de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, la
+ComisioÌ?n recibioÌ? la opinioÌ?n negativa de la AsociacioÌ?n de Exportadores y
+Embotelladores de Vinos. AfirmoÌ? este organismo que semejante precepto
+"representa el establecimiento, por simple Decreto u Ordenanza, de zonas
+semi secas, que aparte de prestarse para todo tipo de situaciones de muy
+poca transparencia comercial, constituye un acicate adicional para el
+funcionamiento de negocios clandestinos".
+
+
+ Sobre esta materia, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? consultar la opinioÌ?n teÌ?cnica
+del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Jefa subrogante de la DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica hizo saber que la
+norma no le merece observaciones de fondo ni de forma, porque no resulta
+contraria ni a la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica ni a la ley Nº 18.695, OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional de Municipalidades.
+
+
+ Por su parte, la senÌ?ora Jefa de la DivisioÌ?n de Desarrollo Urbano
+manifestoÌ? su concordancia con lo propuesto, en el sentido de explicitar los
+locales de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas dentro de los usos permitidos
+fijados por los planos reguladores comunales y establecer tambieÌ?n las
+condiciones de localizacioÌ?n para dichos locales, con el objeto de propender
+a una adecuada mezcla de usos. EstimoÌ? que lo anterior facilitaraÌ? la
+trasparencia y aplicabilidad de la norma para efectos de informar la
+solicitud de patentes por parte del Director de obras respectivo.
+
+
+ Teniendo a la vista esos informes favorables, la ComisioÌ?n resolvioÌ?
+dar su aprobacioÌ?n al primer inciso aprobado por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, en
+los mismos teÌ?rminos.
+
+
+ Con ocasioÌ?n de analizar, posteriormente, el artiÌ?culo 160 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? que su inciso segundo, que permite prohibir
+la existencia de negocios de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en sectores destinados a
+grupos habitacionales, por razones de armoniÌ?a debiÌ?a estar contemplado en el
+artiÌ?culo que se informa, como una atribucioÌ?n municipal complementaria de la
+prevista en el inciso primero.
+
+
+ Dispuso, al efecto, que, sin perjuicio de eÌ?ste, la municipalidad no
+concederaÌ? patentes para que funcionen en conjuntos habitacionales a
+aquellos establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas que determine
+mediante ordenanza.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n compartioÌ?, por otro lado, la sugerencia formulada por
+Carabineros de Chile en el sentido que se le solicite informe de seguridad
+y accesibilidad antes de que la municipalidad apruebe el plano regulador o
+la ordenanza respectiva, lo que la ComisioÌ?n extendioÌ? tambieÌ?n a la
+determinacioÌ?n de los conjuntos habitacionales en que no se concederaÌ?
+patentes a determinados establecimientos. No quiso, sin embargo,
+condicionar el ejercicio de esta atribucioÌ?n municipal a la evacuacioÌ?n del
+informe policial, por lo que establecioÌ? que, para los efectos previstos en
+los incisos anteriores, la respectiva municipalidad oiraÌ? a Carabineros
+dentro del plazo que determine.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, que permite el
+funcionamiento por un anÌ?o maÌ?s de los negocios que, despueÌ?s de establecidos,
+resultaren afectados por esta prohibicioÌ?n, merecioÌ? reparos de la ComisioÌ?n,
+ya que estimoÌ? que tal regla implica una suerte de expropiacioÌ?n para los
+titulares de la patente.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, hizo suya la observacioÌ?n de la ContraloriÌ?a General de
+la RepuÌ?blica, en el sentido de que "no resulta adecuado en su redaccioÌ?n,
+por cuanto ese precepto queda incorporado a la ley Nº 17.105, por lo que no
+queda especificada la fecha a contar de la cual se cuenta el plazo de un
+anÌ?o que establece. A su vez, no queda claro a queÌ? prohibicioÌ?n se refiere,
+ya que el inciso anterior no establece prohibicioÌ?n, sino zonificacioÌ?n en
+que pueden instalarse los expendios que indica."
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n convino en la utilidad de regular esa situacioÌ?n, pero en
+una norma que, por su naturaleza, debe ser transitoria, en el sentido que
+los establecimientos que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas
+fuera del respectivo local, que quedaren comprendidos dentro de una zona
+del territorio comunal en la que tales establecimientos no podraÌ?n
+instalarse en lo sucesivo por la entrada en vigencia de un plan regulador,
+modificacioÌ?n del plan regulador u ordenanza municipal que asiÌ? lo
+establezca, de conformidad a este precepto, no se veraÌ?n afectados por esa
+nueva disposicioÌ?n, siempre que a esa fecha cumplieren todos los requisitos
+exigidos para su funcionamiento. Sin embargo, tales patentes no podraÌ?n
+transferirse ni se renovaraÌ?n, y seraÌ?n canceladas en caso de teÌ?rmino de
+giro, clausura definitiva del establecimiento, falta de pago de la patente
+o cualquiera otra circunstancia que obste al funcionamiento del
+establecimiento respectivo, hasta que se extingan completamente.
+
+
+ En lo que concierne al inciso tercero de la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, la
+ComisioÌ?n consideroÌ? preferible declarar, en lugar de que se prohibe la
+existencia de ciertos locales, que no podraÌ? otorgarse patentes para el
+funcionamiento de cantinas, bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s, botilleriÌ?as y
+locales de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+respectivo local, que esteÌ?n ubicados a menos de cien metros de los
+establecimientos que se senÌ?alan.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, compartioÌ? la idea de que no resulta
+constitucionalmente procedente, por afectar la libertad de trabajo y la
+libre iniciativa econoÌ?mica, aludir a "otros que determine la respectiva
+municipalidad", de modo que revisoÌ? la enumeracioÌ?n de establecimientos
+vigente y decidioÌ? anÌ?adir, a los previstos por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, los
+establecimientos penitenciarios y los recintos militares o policiales.
+AceptoÌ?, ademaÌ?s, la sugerencia de la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica en
+orden a mantener la idea del actual inciso cuarto, en el sentido de que las
+municipalidades puedan excluir de esta prohibicioÌ?n a los hoteles o
+restaurantes de turismo.
+
+
+ El inciso final, que establece directamente en la ley la forma de
+medir la distancia de cien metros y no soÌ?lo en forma supletoria de las
+ordenanzas municipales, quedoÌ? acogido sin enmiendas.
+
+
+ - El artiÌ?culo 153 que proponemos se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 21)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el monto de la multa con que el artiÌ?culo 154 sanciona el
+consumo de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en lugares de uso puÌ?blico, fijaÌ?ndola en un
+cuarto de unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de mantener la actualizacioÌ?n del monto de la multa, la
+ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ? sustituir el artiÌ?culo, para incorporar similares normas a
+aquellas que establecioÌ? para el caso de la ebriedad en lugares puÌ?blicos
+descrita en el artiÌ?culo 114.
+
+
+ Al efecto, dispuso que, sin perjuicio de la citacioÌ?n que se extenderaÌ?
+al infractor para que comparezca ante el tribunal a fin de responder por la
+falta cometida, aqueÌ?l podraÌ? consignar de inmediato el valor de la multa
+ante el jefe de la unidad policial, quien daraÌ? cuenta al juzgado competente
+de las citaciones cursadas y el dinero recaudado dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, la norma contempla la situacioÌ?n especial del menor de
+dieciocho anÌ?os que estuviere consumiendo bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, quien seraÌ?
+devuelto a sus padres o guardadores, bajo apercibimiento de que, si
+volviere a incurrir en esa conducta o cometiere la descrita en el artiÌ?culo
+113, seraÌ? puesto a disposicioÌ?n del juzgado de letras de menores. Si
+nuevamente se encontrare al menor cometiendo esta infraccioÌ?n o la prevista
+en dicho precepto, el juzgado de letras de menores le aplicaraÌ? la medida de
+proteccioÌ?n que proceda de conformidad a la ley.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 22)
+
+
+ Deroga el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 157, que contempla una excepcioÌ?n
+a la regla general prevista en el mismo artiÌ?culo, permitiendo a los
+depoÌ?sitos de bebidas que paguen patente adicional y a los ubicados en las
+provincias de AyseÌ?n y Magallanes instalarse conjuntamente con negocios de
+giro diverso y comunicados interiormente con ellos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo con la idea de no contemplar
+excepciones para determinadas zonas geograÌ?ficas, cuya justificacioÌ?n estimoÌ?
+que ya se ha perdido con el transcurso del tiempo.
+
+
+ ConsideroÌ?, sin embargo, que la regla que exige a los establecimientos
+de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, a excepcioÌ?n de hoteles y casas de
+pensioÌ?n, estar completamente independientes de todo otro negocio de giro
+diverso y en distinto local, queda mejor formulada en los teÌ?rminos que se
+proponen en el artiÌ?culo 164, que contempla la obligacioÌ?n de los
+supermercados, almacenes y establecimientos afines de aislar el aÌ?rea de
+expendio de dichas bebidas, con el objeto de dar cumplimiento al horario
+fijado por la municipalidad. OptoÌ?, por consiguiente, por suprimirla.
+
+
+ En cambio, coincidioÌ? en que lo esencial es evitar que dichos
+establecimientos tengan contacto con la casa habitacioÌ?n del comerciante o
+de cualquiera otra persona, salvo que se trate de hoteles y casas de
+pensioÌ?n, por lo que mantuvo tal disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - De esa forma, el nuÌ?mero fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 23)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 158, para establecer la prohibicioÌ?n de consumir
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas expendidas por los depoÌ?sitos de bebidas en lugares
+anexos a ellos o ubicados hasta cien metros de distancia, que sean de
+propiedad o esteÌ?n arrendados o administrados por la misma persona, con
+excepcioÌ?n de aquellos locales que cuenten con la patente correspondiente.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acogioÌ? esta norma, en cuanto reproduce con cambios de
+redaccioÌ?n la regla vigente, pero no en la parte final con que se la
+adiciona, por estimar que eÌ?sta desnaturaliza el propoÌ?sito que se persigue.
+Por ello, prefirioÌ? establecer la prohibicioÌ?n en teÌ?rminos absolutos, sin
+importar si el establecimiento cercano o lugar anexo cuenta con la
+respectiva patente.
+
+
+ - En esa virtud se aproboÌ? este numeral por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 24)
+
+
+ Introduce dos modificaciones al inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 159, que
+enuncia diversos lugares en los que queda prohibida la venta de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ La primera enmienda agrega a los minimercados situados en estaciones
+de expendio de combustible y a los campos y recintos destinados a
+espectaÌ?culos deportivos. La segunda enmienda reemplaza la referencia a los
+elementos de transporte por la de vehiÌ?culos de transporte.
+
+
+ La prohibicioÌ?n de venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en los minimercados
+ubicados en estaciones de expendio de combustible recibioÌ? opiniones
+dispares de las distintas organizaciones a que consultoÌ? la ComisioÌ?n. La
+AsociacioÌ?n Chilena de Municipalidades sugirioÌ? eliminarla, argumentando que
+"si el fundamento se refiere a evitar que conductores puedan adquirir
+alcohol con facilidad, esto no se logra con una norma prohibitiva de este
+tipo, por cuanto el uÌ?nico efecto que se lograraÌ? es que aquellos conductores
+que deseen adquirir alcohol, lo hagan en otro lugar". AgregoÌ? que la
+facultad para que las municipalidades puedan zonificar su territorio,
+permitiendo o prohibiendo la instalacioÌ?n de negocios de venta de alcohol,
+"es suficiente resguardo para que en aquellos sectores donde la
+Municipalidad estime como peligroso el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas lo
+prohiba derechamente". La FederacioÌ?n Nacional de Sindicatos de Trabajadores
+VitiviÌ?nicolas y Pisqueros de Chile (FENATRAVIS) manifestoÌ? que no comprendiÌ?a
+la razoÌ?n por la cual el legislador, cuya misioÌ?n es normar una actividad
+determinada llega, en su afaÌ?n regulador, al extremo de prohibirla,
+estableciendo de ese modo una discriminacioÌ?n prohibitiva que se aparta de
+los derechos establecidos constitucionalmente. La AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de
+Avisadores (ANDA) estimoÌ? que ella constituye una discriminacioÌ?n que carece
+de fundamento y lesiona el principio constitucional que asegura a todas las
+personas desarrollar libre pero ordenadamente actividades econoÌ?micas
+liÌ?citas.
+
+
+ Por el contrario, la ConfederacioÌ?n Gremial del Comercio Detallista y
+Turismo de Chile la consideroÌ? esta medida como "un aspecto positivo", en lo
+que coincidieron la AsociacioÌ?n de Exportadores y Embotelladores de Vinos,
+que declaroÌ? que estaba "totalmente de acuerdo" con ella y la AsociacioÌ?n
+Gremial de Licoristas de Chile, la cual sostuvo: "creemos que es una gran y
+efectiva medida para evitar el alcoholismo especialmente en los joÌ?venes".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo con esta idea, respecto de la cual no
+advirtioÌ? problemas de constitucionalidad, asiÌ? como con la propuesta
+restante, sobre la cual no obstante consideroÌ? necesario contemplar una
+excepcioÌ?n, en el sentido de que la prohibicioÌ?n que recaeraÌ? sobre los campos
+y recintos deportivos no obstaraÌ? a la venta que se efectuÌ?e en recintos
+delimitados de ellos que tengan patente de restaurante o ciÌ?rculo o club
+social con personalidad juriÌ?dica.
+
+
+ Para mayor claridad, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? reemplazar el inciso primero
+del artiÌ?culo 159, en teÌ?rminos de prohibir la venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+en los minimercados situados en estaciones de expendio de combustible; en
+los campos y recintos destinados a espectaÌ?culos deportivos, salvo que se
+efectuÌ?e en recintos delimitados que tengan patente de restaurante o ciÌ?rculo
+o club social con personalidad juriÌ?dica; en las viÌ?as, plazas y paseos
+puÌ?blicos; en los teatros, circos y demaÌ?s centros y lugares de espectaÌ?culos
+o diversiones puÌ?blicas que no paguen patente de cabareÌ?; como tambieÌ?n en las
+estaciones ferroviarias, en los trenes y demaÌ?s vehiÌ?culos de transporte,
+salvo que se haga en forma localizada.
+
+
+ - En la forma indicada, se aproboÌ? el numeral por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 25)
+
+
+ Sustituye la multa con que se sanciona en el artiÌ?culo 160, inciso
+tercero, la infraccioÌ?n a la declaracioÌ?n de "zona seca", fijaÌ?ndola en una
+unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n convino en la utilidad que presta la declaracioÌ?n de "zona
+seca", que puede efectuar el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, para evitar
+situaciones de peligro a que expondriÌ?a el expendio y consumo de alcohol con
+ocasioÌ?n, en general, de actividades que suponen la concurrencia de una gran
+cantidad de personas en cierto lugar durante un periÌ?odo determinado.
+
+
+ Le merecioÌ?, no obstante, serias dudas de constitucionalidad la
+formulacioÌ?n actual del artiÌ?culo 160, a la luz, principalmente, del artiÌ?culo
+19, Nº 21, de la Carta Fundamental, que permite la realizacioÌ?n de cualquier
+clase de actividad econoÌ?mica de acuerdo a las normas legales que las
+regulen. Ese mandato constitucional obliga a una regulacioÌ?n legal maÌ?s
+profunda de los motivos que puede invocar el Jefe de Estado que la sola
+invocacioÌ?n de "razones de intereÌ?s nacional o de orden puÌ?blico"; de la
+duracioÌ?n de tales restricciones que "el tiempo que se determine en el
+respectivo decreto supremo"; de la forma de afectacioÌ?n de los derechos
+individuales que "limitar o prohibir el expendio y consumo de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas", y del alcance territorial que "las regiones o localidades que
+estime conveniente senÌ?alar".
+
+
+ De otra manera, se estariÌ?a en presencia de una normativa que
+afectariÌ?a en su esencia a derechos constitucionales, en teÌ?rminos tales que
+la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica ni siquiera admite trataÌ?ndose de alguno de los
+estados de excepcioÌ?n que regula.
+
+
+ Conforme a lo anterior, se acordoÌ?, en primer lugar, precisar que la
+circunstancia que justifica la referida declaracioÌ?n es que sea previsible
+que el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en determinada localidad o comuna
+pudiere contribuir a alteraciones graves del orden puÌ?blico. En seguida, se
+senÌ?aloÌ? que el alcance de la facultad presidencial es restringir
+fundadamente el expendio hasta que desaparezcan los motivos que provocaren
+esa decisioÌ?n, y finalmente, se establecioÌ? el tiempo maÌ?ximo de su duracioÌ?n
+en treinta diÌ?as, que se estimoÌ? suficientemente prolongado.
+
+
+ En lo que atanÌ?e al inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo vigente, la ComisioÌ?n
+reparoÌ? en que, al permitir que se prohiba la existencia de negocios de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en sectores destinados a grupos habitacionales o en los
+alrededores de las estaciones de ferrocarriles, mataderos, mercados u otros
+que determine el reglamento, se estaÌ? estableciendo una norma con caraÌ?cter
+de permanencia, distinta a la naturaleza transitoria de la disposicioÌ?n
+contemplada en el inciso primero, y que desatiende abiertamente el citado
+artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 21, de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+ Por tal razoÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? eliminarlo, sin perjuicio del
+traslado al artiÌ?culo 153, en el cual se otorga a la municipalidad la
+facultad de establecer en sus planos reguladores la ubicacioÌ?n de los
+establecimientos que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, de lo que se refiere a
+los grupos habitacionales.
+
+
+ En cuanto al inciso tercero vigente, se acordoÌ? eliminar las
+referencias que contiene a la detencioÌ?n de los infractores y a la fianza
+miÌ?nima que deben otorgar, en concordancia con las reglas generales que se
+propone consignar.
+
+
+ En su reemplazo, la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? sancionar el incumplimiento de la
+prohibicioÌ?n de expendio con las penas contempladas para el expendio
+clandestino, senÌ?aladas en el artiÌ?culo 168, los que llegan hasta veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales, en vez de la unidad tributaria mensual que
+propone para este caso la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ Lo anterior no obstaraÌ? a que el tribunal ordene la clausura inmediata
+del establecimiento hasta que se cumpla el periÌ?odo fijado por el Presidente
+de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ - En la forma que se ha senÌ?alado, se aproboÌ? el precepto por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ Numero 26)
+
+
+ Suprime el artiÌ?culo 161, que dispone el cierre de establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en diÌ?a de elecciones y penaliza la
+contravencioÌ?n con prisioÌ?n inconmutable, multa y comiso.
+
+
+ La eliminacioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo es consecuencia de que este mandato
+se encuentra contemplado en el artiÌ?culo 116, inciso segundo, de la Ley Nº
+18.700, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios, que
+establece la obligacioÌ?n para los establecimientos que expenden bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas de permanecer cerrados el diÌ?a de una eleccioÌ?n o plebiscito, al
+que se propone adicionar las sanciones de prisioÌ?n inconmutable, multa y
+comiso en el artiÌ?culo 3º aprobado por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? el precepto por la unanimidad de los integrantes
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 27)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 163, que prohibe a los menores de dieciocho
+anÌ?os trabajar en lugares de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, salvo que se
+desempenÌ?en como mensajeros, ascensoristas, porteros, ayudantes de garzoÌ?n,
+ayudantes de cocina, encargados de aseo, estudiantes en praÌ?ctica u otros
+que, en razoÌ?n de sus ocupaciones, no intervengan en el expendio.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tuvo presente que este artiÌ?culo regula una materia, como
+es el trabajo de menores de edad en establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, que estaÌ? tratada en el artiÌ?culo 15, inciso primero, del CoÌ?digo
+del Trabajo. Conforme a la ley laboral, "queda prohibido el trabajo de
+menores de dieciocho anÌ?os en cabarets y otros establecimientos anaÌ?logos que
+presenten espectaÌ?culos vivos, como tambieÌ?n en los que expendan bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas que deban consumirse en el mismo establecimiento."
+
+
+ Por otro lado, consideroÌ? que, en lo que atanÌ?e al propoÌ?sito de esta
+ley, ya ha aprobado la prohibicioÌ?n de expendio a los menores de 18 anÌ?os y
+la sancioÌ?n para quienes le proporcionen bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, con
+independencia de la relacioÌ?n laboral que pudieren mantener.
+
+
+ Cabe anÌ?adir que el Servicio Nacional de Menores estimoÌ? demasiado
+absoluta e inflexible la prohibicioÌ?n, "no obstante las excepciones a que se
+alude, las que son insuficientes y podriÌ?an ser discriminatorias,
+considerando que de tal normativa se desprende una prohibicioÌ?n por ejemplo
+para los joÌ?venes de ejercer cargos ejecutivos, cuando cuenten con las
+autorizaciones pertinentes. Las implicancias de la prohibicioÌ?n en comento
+inciden tambieÌ?n en el aÌ?mbito familiar, pues si un menor de dieciocho anÌ?os
+contrae matrimonio, soÌ?lo por este hecho se emancipa legalmente, esto es, se
+pone fin a la patria potestad, trayendo consigo los consecuentes deberes de
+provisioÌ?n de lo necesario al mantenimiento de la familia, quedando privado
+por la prohibicioÌ?n en cuestioÌ?n de una posibilidad laboral. En uÌ?ltimo
+teÌ?rmino, se estariÌ?a coartando la libertad del joven y cuestionando su
+capacidad de discriminar y de optar."
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n concluyoÌ? que este tema es propio del CoÌ?digo del Trabajo,
+en cuyo contexto debe ser analizado.
+
+
+ - En esa virtud, la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva, acordoÌ? derogar
+este precepto.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 28)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 164, relativo al horario de funcionamiento de
+los establecimientos que expenden bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, por cuanto esta
+materia se encuentra entregada actualmente al alcalde, con acuerdo del
+concejo, en virtud del artiÌ?culo 65, letra nÌ?), de la ley Nº 18.695, OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional de Municipalidades, cuyo texto refundido fue fijado por el
+decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 2/19.602, de 1999, del Ministerio del
+Interior.
+
+
+ Resulta pertinente anotar que, en dictamen Nº 28.971, de 3 de agosto
+de 2000, el senÌ?or Contralor General de la RepuÌ?blica ha establecido que la
+aludida disposicioÌ?n orgaÌ?nica constitucional -en virtud de la cual el
+alcalde requeriraÌ? el acuerdo del concejo para fijar el horario de
+funcionamiento de los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+existentes en la comuna- "se extiende a cualquiera clase de establecimiento
+de aquellos clasificados en las categoriÌ?as que indica el artiÌ?culo 140 de la
+ley Nº 17.105, de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ En armoniÌ?a con lo senÌ?alado precedentemente, cabe concluir que el
+artiÌ?culo 164 de la ley Nº 17.105, cuyo encabezado senÌ?alaba al efecto que
+los negocios de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas fijaraÌ?n libremente su
+horario de atencioÌ?n al puÌ?blico, con las excepciones que indica... ha
+quedado derogado taÌ?citamente, porque, al tenor de lo dispuesto en el
+artiÌ?culo 52 del CoÌ?digo Civil, la nueva ley -Nº 19.602, artiÌ?culo 1º, Nº 29,
+letra e)-, actualmente Nº 18.695, artiÌ?culo 65, letra nÌ?), contiene
+disposiciones que no pueden conciliarse con las de la ley anterior.
+
+
+ Con todo, a fin de que la atribucioÌ?n que se entrega por la ley Nº
+19.602 a las autoridades municipales, se ejerza con respeto a los derechos
+y garantiÌ?as constitucionales que guarden relacioÌ?n con el ejercicio de la
+misma, y sin violentar el principio de igualdad ante la ley y de no
+discriminacioÌ?n arbitraria, del mismo texto constitucional, esta ContraloriÌ?a
+General, estima que la fijacioÌ?n de los horarios de funcionamiento debe
+establecerse en cada caso en una ordenanza municipal, a la cual deban
+cenÌ?irse por igual todos los titulares de patentes de alcoholes, de negocios
+de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y desde luego, las propias autoridades,
+sin afectar la esencia de tales garantiÌ?as, seguÌ?n previene el artiÌ?culo 19,
+Nº 26 de la Carta Fundamental."
+
+
+ Atendido ese marco juriÌ?dico, fijado recientemente por el legislador
+con caraÌ?cter orgaÌ?nico constitucional, la ComisioÌ?n fue de parecer que
+opiniones como las recibidas de la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de DuenÌ?os de Locales
+Nocturnos y EspectaÌ?culos TuriÌ?sticos y de la ConfederacioÌ?n del Comercio
+Detallista y Turismo de Chile, en que invocan diversas razones por las
+cuales hacen presente su discrepancia con la aplicacioÌ?n que las distintas
+municipalidades estaÌ?n haciendo de su facultad, deben ser planteadas
+directamente ante las autoridades respectivas.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, el nuevo artiÌ?culo 164 que ha aprobado la H. ComisioÌ?n
+de Salud establece que los supermercados, almacenes y establecimientos
+afines que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+local, deberaÌ?n aislar el aÌ?rea de expendio de estos productos para dar
+cumplimiento al horario fijado por la Municipalidad respectiva, pudiendo
+continuar con el funcionamiento del resto del local, si asiÌ? lo desean.
+
+
+ - La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo con esta disposicioÌ?n, que tiende a
+solucionar una situacioÌ?n de orden praÌ?ctico, por lo que le prestoÌ? su
+aprobacioÌ?n por la unanimidad de sus integrantes presentes, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 29)
+
+
+ Introduce dos modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 166, que enumera las
+personas impedidas de obtener patentes de alcoholes.
+
+
+ Los cambios consisten en eliminar la palabra "municipales" del nuÌ?mero
+1 del artiÌ?culo, y reemplazar el nuÌ?mero 5 por uno que alude a los consejeros
+regionales, los alcaldes y los concejales.
+
+
+ La primera de esas propuestas fue acogida en los mismos teÌ?rminos por
+la ComisioÌ?n, ya que el nuÌ?mero 1 actualmente comprende a "los miembros del
+Congreso Nacional, Intendentes, Gobernadores, municipales y miembros de los
+Tribunales de Justicia". El sentido de la expresioÌ?n "municipales", si se
+toma en cuenta que el nuÌ?mero 2 se refiere a "los empleados o funcionarios
+fiscales o municipales", queda por tanto mejor expresado en el nuevo nuÌ?mero
+5, que menciona a los concejales.
+
+
+ En lo que respecta a la segunda enmienda, se convino tambieÌ?n en
+aceptar la sustitucioÌ?n del actual nuÌ?mero 5, que menciona a "los
+industriales, administradores o representantes de cualquier industria, sean
+estos agriÌ?colas, industriales o mineras, que tengan bajo su control o
+direccioÌ?n un nuÌ?mero mayor de 20 obreros". Se incorporaraÌ? en su reemplazo
+soÌ?lo la mencioÌ?n de los consejeros regionales y de los concejales,
+excluyendo a los alcaldes, porque, como acertadamente observoÌ? la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, su calidad se encuentra comprendida en
+el nuÌ?mero 2 del mismo artiÌ?culo, antes citado.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s de esas modificaciones, la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? cambiar la
+referencia que hace el inciso segundo a la DireccioÌ?n General de
+Carabineros, cuyo informe es requerido para otorgar patentes para el
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas de clubes, centros o ciÌ?rculos sociales con
+personalidad juriÌ?dica, por la mencioÌ?n de la respectiva Prefectura de
+Carabineros. AsiÌ? lo planteoÌ? Carabineros de Chile, para recoger y
+aprovechar en mejor forma la estructura orgaÌ?nica de la institucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado en esos teÌ?rminos por la unanimidad de los integrantes
+de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 30)
+
+
+ EfectuÌ?a tres modificaciones en el artiÌ?culo 167, que faculta a los
+alcaldes para suspender la autorizacioÌ?n concedida si la patente hubiere
+sido concedida por error a una persona inhaÌ?bil, si el local no cumple
+condiciones de salubridad e higiene, o si la patente no hubiere sido pagada
+en la oportunidad debida.
+
+
+ Los cambios consisten en establecer esta medida como una obligacioÌ?n
+de la municipalidad y no una simple facultad alcaldicia; agregar la
+situacioÌ?n de haber transferido la patente a cualquier tiÌ?tulo a una persona
+inhaÌ?bil y, en lo referente a las condiciones, anÌ?adir el incumplimiento de
+condiciones de seguridad.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? sin enmiendas por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 31)
+
+
+ Introduce dos enmiendas al artiÌ?culo 168 que prohibe la existencia de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en locales o establecimientos no autorizados para el
+expendio de las mismas.
+
+
+ De acuerdo a la primera, sustituye la multa fijaÌ?ndola entre cinco a
+veinte unidades tributarias mensuales. En conformidad a la segunda, cambia
+el castigo de la reincidencia, aplicando las penas de multa, comiso y
+clausura y, en caso de segunda reincidencia, agrega ademaÌ?s la pena de
+prisioÌ?n inconmutable de 21 a 60 diÌ?as.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con esta uÌ?ltima modificacioÌ?n, tal como lo habiÌ?a acordado
+con anterioridad, la ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ? no emplear el concepto de
+reincidencia, que impone mayores exigencias que la simple reiteracioÌ?n de la
+conducta, sino que distinguir si es la segunda o tercera transgresioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En el primer caso. la sancioÌ?n seraÌ? una multa de igual monto, comiso
+de las bebidas y utensilios y clausura del establecimiento cuando
+corresponda, y en el segundo, ademaÌ?s, se sanciona con prisioÌ?n inconmutable
+de veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? sustituir el inciso final para
+reemplazar el concepto de "comiso" por el de "retencioÌ?n", por ser
+juriÌ?dicamente maÌ?s apropiado, desde el momento en que esta uÌ?ltima es la
+medida que debe efectuar de inmediato Carabineros respecto de las bebidas y
+utensilios empleados para el expendio clandestino, y el comiso o peÌ?rdida de
+tales especies es una pena que soÌ?lo vendraÌ? a aplicarse en la sentencia.
+
+
+ Al mismo tiempo, a fin de coordinar de mejor manera la ley con la
+reforma procesal penal, sustituyoÌ? la referencia al "juzgado" por la mencioÌ?n
+del "tribunal".
+
+
+ - En esos teÌ?rminos, fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes
+de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y
+Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 32)
+
+
+ Modifica el artiÌ?culo 169, que sanciona el expendio, auÌ?n ocasional,
+que se haga sin contar con la patente correspondiente, con el objeto
+fundamental de actualizar el monto de las multas aplicables.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n no tuvo inconvenientes en aceptar los cambios destinados
+a ese propoÌ?sito, pero le preocupoÌ? que se sancione, en el nuevo inciso
+cuarto que propone la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud, "a los fabricantes, a sus
+agentes y a los distribuidores, a menos que acrediten justa causa de error
+en cuanto al destino que ha tenido la mercaderiÌ?a que han distribuido".
+
+
+ Esos teÌ?rminos involucran una suerte de responsabilidad penal
+objetiva, agravada por la alteracioÌ?n de la carga de la prueba y la
+consiguiente vulneracioÌ?n del principio de inocencia. InfringiriÌ?a, ademaÌ?s,
+el artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 3, de la Carta Fundamental, que exige que la conducta
+que se sanciona esteÌ? expresamente descrita en la ley.
+
+
+ En atencioÌ?n a lo anterior, juzgoÌ? que el sujeto activo de la conducta
+debe ser el distribuidor -que podraÌ? o no ser el fabricante-, quien merece
+ser objeto de reproche siempre que conociere o no pudiere menos que conocer
+el destino de la mercaderiÌ?a.
+
+
+ - En esos teÌ?rminos, el precepto fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 33)
+
+
+ Reemplaza en el artiÌ?culo 170 la expresioÌ?n "negocio" por
+"establecimiento".
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? sin cambios por la unanimidad de los integrantes
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y
+Hamilton.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 34)
+
+
+ Enmienda el artiÌ?culo 171, que sanciona el otorgamiento de patentes de
+alcoholes en contravencioÌ?n a la Ley de Alcoholes, para incrementar la multa
+- que queda entre diez y veinte unidades tributarias mensuales - y para
+establecer al alcalde como exclusivo obligado el pago de la misma.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Hamilton.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 35)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 172, que contiene las sanciones residuales,
+aplicables en caso de que la infraccioÌ?n cometida no tenga asignada una pena
+especiÌ?fica, y reglas sobre los establecimientos clausurados, por otros dos
+preceptos, signados como artiÌ?culos 172 y 172 bis.
+
+
+ El nuevo artiÌ?culo 172 senÌ?ala las penas que se aplicaraÌ?n a "toda
+infraccioÌ?n de esta ley que no tenga senÌ?alada una sancioÌ?n especial".
+
+
+ ConcordoÌ? la disposicioÌ?n que esta norma vulnera el artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 3,
+inciso final, de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, pues la conducta que se pretende
+castigar no cumple con la exigencia de encontrarse expresamente descrita en
+la ley.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? lo he dicho el Excmo. Tribunal Constitucional en diversos fallos:
+
+
+ "En efecto, la vaguedad e imprecisioÌ?n con que se encuentra redactado
+el precepto no se compadece en forma alguna con el principio de certeza
+juriÌ?dica que inspiroÌ? al constituyente al disponer la exigencia de tipificar
+las figuras delictivas y, por el contrario, abre un peligroso espacio al
+subjetivismo para el inteÌ?rprete de la norma. La descripcioÌ?n del delito que
+se hace en ella, sin ninguna otra exigencia o complementacioÌ?n, es
+extraordinariamente geneÌ?rica y ello permite que cualquier conducta pueda
+ser calificada como suficiente para configurar el delito que se propone
+establecer." (Sentencia de 22 de abril de 1999. Rol Nº 286)
+
+
+ "La legalidad se cumple con la previsioÌ?n de los delitos e
+infracciones y de las sanciones en la ley, pero la tipicidad requiere de
+algo maÌ?s, que es la precisa definicioÌ?n de la conducta que la ley considera
+reprochable, garantizaÌ?ndose asiÌ? el principio constitucional de seguridad
+juriÌ?dica y haciendo realidad, junto a la exigencia de una ley previa, la de
+una ley cierta." (Sentencia de 26 de agosto de 1996. Rol Nº 244)
+
+
+ "No seriÌ?a oÌ?bice el que en virtud de una ley se hicieren aplicables
+penas o se hicieren referencias a conductas establecidas, unas u otras, en
+un cuerpo legal distinto y separado de aqueÌ?lla. Sin embargo, esta remisioÌ?n
+a otras normas soÌ?lo resultariÌ?a vaÌ?lida en materia penal, si las conductas
+sancionadas tuvieren una exacta e indubitada comuÌ?n descripcioÌ?n y las penas
+fueren precisamente determinadas por la referencia legal correspondiente,
+de manera que no fuere factible que las situaciones pudieren prestarse a
+desentendimientos ni confusiones." (Sentencia de 4 de enero de 1993. Rol Nº
+163)
+
+
+ En esa medida, la ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por limitarse a derogar los incisos
+quinto, sexto y seÌ?ptimo del artiÌ?culo 172 vigente, que son los que se
+recogen en el nuevo artiÌ?culo 172 bis, dejando para el segundo informe la
+elaboracioÌ?n de una norma que contenga el cataÌ?logo de conductas
+constitutivas de infraccioÌ?n a esta ley que se sancionaraÌ?n en conjunto.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Jefe de la DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica del Ministerio de Justicia, don
+Francisco Maldonado, coincidioÌ? con la ComisioÌ?n, anunciando que esa
+SecretariÌ?a de Estado procederaÌ? a efectuar la correspondiente revisioÌ?n a fin
+de presentar una propuesta al respecto.
+
+
+ El nuevo artiÌ?culo 172 bis se ocupa del alzamiento de la clausura
+definitiva o temporal del establecimiento y de la sancioÌ?n por quebrantar la
+clausura.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n compartioÌ? las observaciones que plantearon la ContraloriÌ?a
+General de la RepuÌ?blica y la AsociacioÌ?n de Magistrados - Regional Santiago.
+
+
+ La ContraloriÌ?a General apuntoÌ? que "el nuevo artiÌ?culo 172 bis del
+proyecto de ley en estudio, -que modifica los actuales incisos 5º y 6º del
+artiÌ?culo 172- no contempla la posibilidad de que un establecimiento
+clausurado temporalmente sea reabierto si cambia de duenÌ?o y obtiene una
+nueva patente, como ocurre con el texto actual.
+
+
+ A su vez, el referido artiÌ?culo 172 bis en comento, que divide en dos
+incisos el actual inciso 5º del artiÌ?culo 172 vigente, ya no contempla la
+necesidad de una orden judicial para obtener el alzamiento de la clausura
+del establecimiento, para el caso en que eÌ?stos sean clausurados
+definitivamente, como se entiende que opera sin la reforma.".
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, la ComisioÌ?n juzgoÌ? adecuado establecer un mismo
+reÌ?gimen, tanto para proceder al alzamiento de la clausura, como para poder
+reabrir el establecimiento en caso de que exista un cambio en la propiedad
+y una nueva patente.
+
+
+ La segunda entidad planteoÌ? que, en caso de producirse la violacioÌ?n de
+la clausura temporal, podriÌ?a adicionarse a las penas la clausura definitiva
+del establecimiento.
+
+
+ Al respecto, como una forma de graduar la sancioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ?
+adecuado castigar la violacioÌ?n de la clausura temporal con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento, y la violacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta, a su vez, con pena
+de prisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ De acuerdo a lo anterior, la norma aprobada por la ComisioÌ?n dispone
+que los establecimientos clausurados definitivamente soÌ?lo podraÌ?n reabrirse
+para el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas por distinto duenÌ?o y con otra
+patente; regla que se aplicaraÌ? tambieÌ?n a los negocios clausurados
+temporalmente para reabrirlos antes de terminarse el plazo senÌ?alado a la
+clausura. Permite que el propietario del inmueble solicite el alzamiento
+de la clausura, cuando acredite que lo destinaraÌ? a otros usos y ordena que,
+en todo caso, para el alzamiento se requeriraÌ? orden judicial. Finalmente,
+establece que la violacioÌ?n de la clausura temporal seraÌ? castigada con la
+clausura definitiva del establecimiento, y la violacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta con prisioÌ?n
+en su grado medio a maÌ?ximo inconmutable. En ambos casos caeraÌ?n en comiso
+las bebidas.
+
+
+ - En la forma senÌ?alada, la ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? el numeral por la
+unanimidad de sus integrantes presentes, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 36)
+
+
+ Agrega en el artiÌ?culo 173, entre los titulares de la accioÌ?n para
+recabar la clausura definitiva de establecimientos que constituyan un
+peligro para la tranquilidad o la moral puÌ?blicas, al alcalde y al concejo
+municipal.
+
+
+ - La ComisioÌ?n lo aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de sus integrantes
+presentes, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Hamilton, sin
+modificaciones.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 37)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 176, para regular el lugar de depoÌ?sito de las
+bebidas y elementos decomisados, su venta, el destino del producto del
+remate y las personas habilitadas para postular a eÌ?ste.
+
+
+ La H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud consultoÌ? la opinioÌ?n de la Excma. Corte
+Suprema sobre este precepto. Dicho alto tribunal lo informoÌ? favorablemente,
+porque consideroÌ? que "la nueva atribucioÌ?n que se otorga al juez de poder
+requerir a las Municipalidades para que provean lugares de depoÌ?sito para
+las bebidas y elementos decomisados resulta conveniente en la medida de que
+se podraÌ? mantenerlos con mayor seguridad y amplitud de espacio del que
+actualmente disponen".
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que "la posibilidad de que el juez pueda decidir si la puÌ?blica
+subasta de las bebidas y elementos decomisados se haraÌ? por un funcionario
+del tribunal no parece lo maÌ?s conveniente para garantizar su solemnidad. Se
+propone que dicha subasta se haga por el secretario del tribunal o por un
+Martillero PuÌ?blico, lo cual facilitaraÌ? sin duda una mayor expedicioÌ?n en la
+realizacioÌ?n de dicha diligencia, la que en la redaccioÌ?n actual del artiÌ?culo
+que se modifica recae exclusivamente en el secretario del tribunal."
+
+
+ Es preciso apuntar que, con posterioridad a ese parecer de la Excma.
+Corte Suprema, se aproboÌ? la modificacioÌ?n al CoÌ?digo OrgaÌ?nico de Tribunales
+que creoÌ? los nuevos tribunales en lo criminal (jueces de garantiÌ?a y
+tribunales orales en lo penal), que no contemplan secretarios dentro de su
+estructura interna, por lo cual la ComisioÌ?n mantuvo la regla prevista por
+la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tampoco introdujo cambios como consecuencia de la
+observacioÌ?n del senÌ?or Ministro de Hacienda, en orden a que "el nuevo
+contenido de los artiÌ?culos 176 y 186 de la ley citada, que establece el
+proyecto, que senÌ?alan destinos especiÌ?ficos para el producto obtenido en la
+subasta de los bienes decomisados y del total de las sumas que ingresan por
+concepto de multas, respectivamente, pugna con la poliÌ?tica que en materia
+presupuestaria aplica el Supremo Gobierno, por lo cual se sugiere su
+revisioÌ?n, ya que para una mejor asignacioÌ?n de los recursos todos los
+ingresos debieran ir a rentas generales de la NacioÌ?n". Ello, porque el
+Ejecutivo no formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n sobre tales materias, que son
+constitucionalmente de su iniciativa exclusiva.
+
+
+ Por consiguiente, la ComisioÌ?n se limitoÌ? a introducir la misma
+precisioÌ?n de conceptos que en el artiÌ?culo 168, en orden a aludir a las
+bebidas y elementos "retenidos" y no "decomisados", manteniendo la
+expresioÌ?n "comisos" para referirse a aquellos sobre los cuales ha recaiÌ?do
+sentencia condenatoria ejecutoriada. Junto con ello, teniendo en cuenta que
+el oÌ?rgano a cargo del depoÌ?sito y custodia de tales elementos debe ser el
+mismo que se encarga de la investigacioÌ?n, y que, en el nuevo sistema
+procesal penal, no le corresponde cumplir esa funcioÌ?n a los tribunales,
+cambioÌ? la referencia a estos uÌ?ltimos por la maÌ?s geneÌ?rica de "oÌ?rgano
+encargado de la investigacioÌ?n de las conductas punibles".
+
+
+ En lo que concierne a la eventual naturaleza de ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de este artiÌ?culo, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? que recae sobre una
+materia de ley comuÌ?n, como son las normas de orden procesal que contiene,
+asiÌ? como la obligacioÌ?n municipal de proveer lugares para almacenar bebidas
+y elementos retenidos.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado en los teÌ?rminos descritos por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y
+Hamilton.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 38)
+
+
+ Deroga los artiÌ?culos 178, 179, 180 y 181, que regulan el
+procedimiento por infracciones a las normas de esta ley.
+
+
+ La razoÌ?n de la derogacioÌ?n es que la ComisioÌ?n de Salud considera el
+procedimiento en el numeral 44, que contiene seis artiÌ?culos transitorios,
+como foÌ?rmula de transicioÌ?n que permita coordinar estas reglas con las
+decisiones que se adopten en la reforma procesal penal.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo de acuerdo con este mecanismo, en el entendido
+que, sea con motivo del segundo informe que recaiga sobre esta iniciativa o
+con ocasioÌ?n del proyecto de ley que contiene normas adecuatorias a la
+reforma procesal penal, el Ministerio de Justicia haraÌ? llegar las
+proposiciones respectivas.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? en forma unaÌ?nime por los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Hamilton.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 39)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 182, al que efectuÌ?a soÌ?lo cambios formales.
+Dicho precepto senÌ?ala el privilegio de que gozan los creÌ?ditos resultantes
+de las responsabilidades pecuniarias provenientes de infracciones a la Ley
+de Alcoholes y hace solidariamente responsable de dichas obligaciones al
+nuevo propietario de un establecimiento de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva,
+sin enmiendas.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 40)
+
+
+ Deroga el artiÌ?culo 185, que ordena a los tribunales remitir
+mensualmente al Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes una lista de
+las sentencias dictadas y de las multas percibidas.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 41)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 186, referente a la dsitribucioÌ?n de sumas que
+ingresen por concepto de multas.
+
+
+ La nueva disposicioÌ?n mantiene el monto de los honorarios de los
+delegados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes. En cuanto a
+la distribucioÌ?n del saldo, el 40% se destinaraÌ? a los Servicios de Salud
+para el financiamiento y mantencioÌ?n de los programas de rehabilitacioÌ?n de
+personas alcohoÌ?licas, y el 60% a las municipalidades, para el
+financiamiento y mantencioÌ?n de los programas de prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n
+de personas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ - ResultoÌ? aprobado por la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de
+la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y
+Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 42)
+
+
+ Sustituye el artiÌ?culo 188, disponiendo que, para efectos del pago,
+las multas, expresadas en unidades tributarias mensuales, se convertiraÌ?n a
+pesos seguÌ?n el valor de aquella unidad a la fecha del pago efectivo.
+TambieÌ?n faculta al juez para moderar la multa en razoÌ?n de las facultades
+econoÌ?micas del condenado, y para suspenderla en casos muy calificados.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n se manifestoÌ? de acuerdo con la regla de conversioÌ?n que
+plantea la modificacioÌ?n, pero no asiÌ? con las facultades judiciales de
+moderar la multa o suspender su aplicacioÌ?n. Por esa razoÌ?n, instauroÌ? la
+regla contraria, es decir, que una vez aplicada una multa, el tribunal no
+podraÌ? dejarla en suspenso ni rebajarla, salvo que se acredite haber
+incurrido en un error de hecho en la apreciacioÌ?n de la prueba.
+
+
+ - En la forma que se ha senÌ?alado, se aproboÌ? este nuÌ?mero por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 43)
+
+
+ Intercala un artiÌ?culo nuevo, signado como 191, conforme al cual se
+otorga al juez la facultad para conmutar por trabajos en beneficio de la
+comunidad, con acuerdo del condenado, las sanciones que se le hubiere
+impuesto.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n compartioÌ? el criterio de la ContraloriÌ?a General de la
+RepuÌ?blica en el sentido de revisar la ubicacioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo, dado que
+su tenor no armoniza con el contexto en que se encuentra, la necesidad de
+establecer una proporcionalidad entre la pena a que fuere condenado y los
+diÌ?as que deberaÌ? trabajar, y su constancia en orden a que tales trabajos no
+podraÌ?n importar el ejercicio de una funcioÌ?n puÌ?blica, cualquiera sea su
+naturaleza.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, como esta materia ha sido incorporada en el
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 131, convino en suprimir el artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ - El acuerdo fue tomado en forma unaÌ?nime, por los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+ Numero 44)
+
+
+ Consulta la incorporacioÌ?n a la ley Nº 17.105 de seis artiÌ?culos
+transitorios, relativos al procedimiento aplicable.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio fija el marco temporal de aplicacioÌ?n de
+los procedimientos, aspecto en el cual se puede distinguir cinco
+situaciones diferentes: 1) los procesos ya iniciados bajo el imperio de la
+ley Nº 17.105 cuando entre en vigor el presente proyecto como ley,
+continuaraÌ?n rigieÌ?ndose por las normas de aqueÌ?lla, hasta su total
+terminacioÌ?n; 2) los iniciados despueÌ?s de publicada esta ley, por hechos
+acaecidos con anterioridad a esa fecha, se tramitaraÌ?n igualmente por las
+disposiciones de la ley Nº 17.105 vigentes hoy en diÌ?a, hasta la sentencia
+de teÌ?rmino; 3) los procesos que se inicien a partir del diÌ?a en que entre a
+regir como ley el presente proyecto, por hechos coetaÌ?neos o posteriores a
+la misma fecha, se sustanciaraÌ?n y fallaraÌ?n conforme a los preceptos
+transitorios que esta iniciativa agrega a la ley Nº 17.105; 4) los procesos
+que se inicien una vez vigente el nuevo CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal, que recaigan
+en hechos sucedidos antes de eso, se regiraÌ?n igualmente por los nuevos
+artiÌ?culos transitorios de la Ley de Alcoholes que agrega este proyecto, y
+5) los procesos incoados bajo la vigencia del nuevo CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal,
+por hechos ocurridos con posterioridad a esa circunstancia, deberaÌ?n cenÌ?irse
+a la preceptiva del mencionado CoÌ?digo.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 2º transitorio consigna quienes pueden poner en marcha un
+proceso contravencional ante los juzgados de policiÌ?a local: los agentes de
+la policiÌ?a; los inspectores fiscales y municipales, si se tratare de
+infracciones de competencia de los mencionados juzgados, y el Departamento
+de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes, tanto las que comprobaren directamente
+sus funcionarios, cuanto aquellas de que tomaren conocimiento por denuncia
+de los intendentes, gobernadores, alcaldes, concejales, directores de
+establecimientos educacionales, juntas de vecinos, entidades sociales, de
+beneficencia y de asistencia y proteccioÌ?n de menores en situacioÌ?n
+irregular.
+
+
+ De acuerdo con el artiÌ?culo 3º transitorio, si el inculpado admite su
+responsabilidad y se allana a la sancioÌ?n, se le rebaja eÌ?sta en un grado y
+se dicta sentencia de inmediato; el fallo no es susceptible de recurso
+alguno. El parte o denuncia es prueba suficiente del hecho.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 4º transitorio se refiere al caso del inculpado que no
+reconoce los hechos o no se conforma con la sancioÌ?n, evento en el cual se
+pone en marcha el proceso, de acuerdo con el procedimiento ante los
+juzgados de policiÌ?a local, que es el senÌ?alado en la ley Nº 18.287.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 5º transitorio aplica a las causas por delito de
+conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos o de desempenÌ?o en determinadas maquinarias o
+funciones, en estado de ebriedad, el procedimiento para simples delitos que
+establece el TiÌ?tulo I del Libro Tercero del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal,
+con un considerable nuÌ?mero de reglas especiales, que recogen y repiten las
+que actualmente estaÌ?n consagradas en el artiÌ?culo 181 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el artiÌ?culo 6º transitorio, da caraÌ?cter de prueba
+testimonial a las declaraciones contenidas en los partes o denuncias, que
+esteÌ?n firmadas por el denunciante y certificadas por su superior
+jeraÌ?rquico. La comparecencia de los funcionarios para ratificar sus dichos
+es opcional y para decretarla el juez deberaÌ? fundamentar su resolucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con este numeral, la ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria, en
+principio, de aprobarlo en los mismos teÌ?rminos, a fin de conocer durante el
+segundo informe la proposicioÌ?n que haraÌ? sobre el particular el Ministerio
+de Justicia.
+
+
+ No obstante ello, le parecioÌ? conveniente efectuar desde luego algunos
+ajustes.
+
+
+ En primer teÌ?rmino, intercaloÌ? un nuevo artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio en el
+proyecto de ley, en el que se regula el caso de los establecimientos
+existentes a la fecha de entrada en vigor de un nuevo nuÌ?mero de patentes
+limitadas, en virtud del artiÌ?culo 140, o de un plan regulador, modificacioÌ?n
+del plano regulador u ordenanza municipal que establezca zonas en que no
+podraÌ?n instalarse en lo sucesivo, de conformidad al artiÌ?culo 153.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, en el artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio -que pasa a ser
+artiÌ?culo 2º transitorio-, cambioÌ? la referencia al nuevo CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal por la de CoÌ?digo Procesal Penal.
+
+
+ En el artiÌ?culo 5º transitorio -que pasa a ser 6º-, letra d), acogioÌ?
+la sugerencia de la AsociacioÌ?n de Magistrados-Regional Santiago, en el
+sentido de agregar que, mientras dura la medida de retencioÌ?n de la licencia
+de conducir, no podraÌ?n otorgarse permisos provisorios para conducir, y el
+periÌ?odo por el que se extienda se imputaraÌ? a la pena accesoria de
+suspensioÌ?n de la licencia.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en el mismo artiÌ?culo, letra f), coincidioÌ? con la
+observacioÌ?n de Carabineros de Chile, en cuanto a que "no se aprecia la
+justificacioÌ?n que pueda existir, para eximir del traÌ?mite de poner a
+disposicioÌ?n del Tribunal, a aquellos vehiÌ?culos que esteÌ?n destinados a un
+servicio del Estado o municipales de utilidad puÌ?blica". Sostuvo Carabineros
+que, en todos los casos de manejo en estado de ebriedad con resultados de
+lesiones menos graves, graves o muerte, "el moÌ?vil participante debe quedar
+siempre a disposicioÌ?n del Tribunal, a los efectos de practicar el peritaje
+respectivo y la inspeccioÌ?n personal del Tribunal. SoÌ?lo despueÌ?s de tales
+traÌ?mites, indispensables para el eÌ?xito de la investigacioÌ?n, se podraÌ?
+disponer del vehiÌ?culo participante en el hecho, y ello por resolucioÌ?n
+judicial". AnÌ?adioÌ? que de otra forma la disposicioÌ?n apareceriÌ?a contrapuesta
+con el artiÌ?culo 180 de la Ley de TraÌ?nsito, Nº 18.290, que ordena que "los
+vehiÌ?culos participantes en accidentes de traÌ?nsito donde resulten lesionados
+graves o muertos, seraÌ?n retirados de la circulacioÌ?n por carabineros y
+puestos a disposicioÌ?n del Tribunal correspondiente."
+
+
+ - El numeral fue aprobado con las aludidas enmiendas por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton y Silva.
+
+
+
+1.4 ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ Introduce dos modificaciones en la ley Nº 18.455, que fija normas
+sobre produccioÌ?n, elaboracioÌ?n y comercializacioÌ?n de alcoholes etiÌ?licos,
+bebidas AlcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y deroga el Libro I de la ley N° 17.105.
+
+
+ De acuerdo a la primera, agrega al artiÌ?culo 34 la prohibicioÌ?n de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas destinadas al consumo directo que esteÌ?n
+envasadas en sobres o bolsas.
+
+
+ Conforme a la segunda enmienda, obliga en el artiÌ?culo 35 a incorporar
+en los envases o etiquetas de las bebidas alcohoÌ?licas un mensaje que
+induzca a la moderacioÌ?n en su consumo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n consideroÌ? que los sobres o bolsas, llamados comuÌ?nmente
+"sachets", estaÌ?n destinadas al consumo individual, fundamentalmente, de
+joÌ?venes, por lo que son un incentivo directo para consumir alcohol en ese
+sector de la poblacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ EstimoÌ? apropiado, por tanto, contemplar la mencionada disposicioÌ?n,
+pero complementada en el sentido de establecer que en ninguÌ?n caso el
+volumen del producto envasado podraÌ? ser inferior a 250 centiÌ?metros cuÌ?bicos,
+y de aclarar, al mismo tiempo, que el envase no podraÌ? consistir en sobres o
+bolsas susceptibles de ser portados en los bolsillos.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el otro cambio, la ComisioÌ?n soÌ?lo le efectuoÌ? ajustes
+de forma.
+
+
+ - En esos teÌ?rminos, se aproboÌ? el nuÌ?mero por la unanimidad de los
+integrantes presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto,
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, y Silva.
+
+
+
+1.5 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ Sanciona penalmente la conducta regulada en el artiÌ?culo 116, inciso
+segundo, de la Ley Nº 18.700, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Votaciones
+Populares y Escrutinios, que establece el cierre obligatorio de los
+establecimientos que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para su consumo en el
+local o fuera de eÌ?l -con la sola excepcioÌ?n de los hoteles respecto de los
+pasajeros que pernocten en ellos- en el diÌ?a de una eleccioÌ?n o plebiscito.
+
+
+ La modificacioÌ?n sanciona a quien infringe esta prohibicioÌ?n con
+prisioÌ?n inconmutable de veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as, multa de cinco unidades
+tributarias mensuales y comiso de las bebidas.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n creyoÌ? innecesaria esta sancioÌ?n especial, atendido el
+hecho de que la prohibicioÌ?n que considera el precepto es acatada sin
+mayores dificultades, y que el inciso tercero preveÌ? la clausura de los
+recintos que la infringieren por la fuerza encargada del orden puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ - En esa virtud, la unanimidad de los integrantes presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Aburto, Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Silva, acordoÌ?
+eliminar el precepto.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+1.6 MODIFICACIONES
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de las consideraciones expuestas, vuestra ComisioÌ?n de
+ConstitucioÌ?n, LegislacioÌ?n, Justicia y Reglamento tiene el honor de
+proponeros las siguientes modificaciones al texto del proyecto de ley
+aprobado por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Salud:
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 1)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ 1) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 113 por el que se expresa a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 113. Todo individuo mayor de dieciocho anÌ?os que fuere
+encontrado en manifiesto estado de ebriedad en calles, caminos, plazas,
+teatros, hoteles, restaurantes y demaÌ?s lugares puÌ?blicos o abiertos al
+puÌ?blico, seraÌ? castigado con multa de media unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ Si no pagare la multa, el tribunal podraÌ? decretar, por viÌ?a de
+sustitucioÌ?n y apremio, la reclusioÌ?n nocturna del infractor a razoÌ?n de una
+noche por cada quinto de unidad tributaria mensual.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "2) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 114 por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 114. Los infractores a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo anterior,
+aunque acrediten de inmediato su identidad, seraÌ?n conducidos a la unidad
+policial maÌ?s cercana si fuere necesario para que recuperen el control sobre
+sus actos y desapareciere el riesgo de que perturbaren el orden o pusieren
+en peligro su integridad fiÌ?sica o la de terceros. Esta medida no se podraÌ?
+prolongar por maÌ?s de cuatro horas.
+
+
+ En caso de que el estado en que se encontrare la persona hiciere
+necesario que se le preste atencioÌ?n meÌ?dica, Carabineros lo conduciraÌ? a un
+establecimiento de salud. Tales establecimientos deberaÌ?n prestar atencioÌ?n a
+las personas que les sean enviadas por las autoridades policiales con este
+objeto.
+
+
+ Durante la permanencia del afectado en el cuartel policial o en el
+establecimiento de salud, el jefe respectivo procuraraÌ? que se informe a su
+familia o a la persona que aqueÌ?l indique acerca del lugar en que se
+encuentra.
+
+
+ Se le citaraÌ?, en todo caso, para que comparezca ante el tribunal para
+responder por la falta cometida. Sin perjuicio de ello, el infractor podraÌ?
+consignar de inmediato el valor de la multa ante el jefe de la unidad
+policial, quien daraÌ? cuenta al juzgado competente de las citaciones
+cursadas y el dinero recaudado dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ Si el correspondiente jefe de Carabineros constatare que se ha
+incurrido en un error debido a las caracteriÌ?sticas de la enfermedad o
+deficiencia que afectare al supuesto infractor, dejaraÌ? de inmediato sin
+efecto la citacioÌ?n o la medida dispuesta en virtud del inciso primero,
+estampando la constancia pertinente."
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 3), nuevo:
+
+
+ "3) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 115.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "4) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 116 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 116. Lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 114, con excepcioÌ?n del
+inciso cuarto, se aplicaraÌ? tambieÌ?n a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os que
+fueren encontrados en manifiesto estado de ebriedad en los lugares
+indicados en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 113.
+
+
+ Los menores seraÌ?n devueltos a sus padres o guardadores, bajo
+apercibimiento de que, si volvieren a incurrir en esa conducta o cometieren
+la descrita en el artiÌ?culo 154, seraÌ?n puestos a disposicioÌ?n del juzgado de
+letras de menores.
+
+
+ Si nuevamente se encontrare al menor cometiendo dicha infraccioÌ?n o
+realizando la prevista en el artiÌ?culo 154, el juzgado de letras de menores
+le aplicaraÌ? la medida de proteccioÌ?n que proceda de conformidad a la ley."."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "5) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 117 por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 117. El que infringiere lo dispuesto en el inciso primero
+del artiÌ?culo 113 y hubiere sido condenado por ebriedad, mediante sentencia
+firme o ejecutoriada, dos veces en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, seraÌ? sancionado
+con multa de una a cuatro unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Ejecutoriada la sentencia y a peticioÌ?n expresa del infractor, el juez
+podraÌ? conmutar la multa por la asistencia obligatoria a programas de
+prevencioÌ?n o rehabilitacioÌ?n, por un lapso que no exceda de seis meses, bajo
+el control de un Consultorio de AtencioÌ?n Primaria de Salud, un Centro
+Comunitario de Salud Mental Familiar u otra institucioÌ?n considerada como
+idoÌ?nea por el Servicio de Salud respectivo. La correspondiente institucioÌ?n
+informaraÌ? al tribunal, con la periodicidad que eÌ?ste determine, sobre el
+cumplimiento de la medida y la evolucioÌ?n que presente el infractor.
+
+
+ La falta de cumplimiento cabal y oportuno del programa por parte del
+infractor dejaraÌ? sin efecto la conmutacioÌ?n por el solo ministerio de la ley
+y deberaÌ? pagarse la multa primitivamente aplicada o cumplirse la reclusioÌ?n
+nocturna, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 131 sobre trabajos
+en beneficio de la comunidad. Lo anterior, a menos que el juez, por
+resolucioÌ?n fundada, adopte otra decisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En ninguÌ?n caso, considerando las distintas infracciones acumuladas,
+la reclusioÌ?n nocturna podraÌ? exceder de quince noches ni los trabajos
+comunitarios de treinta diÌ?as.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "6) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 118 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 118. Si la persona condenada por ebriedad tres o maÌ?s veces
+en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, hubiere asistido a programas de prevencioÌ?n y
+rehabilitacioÌ?n del alcoholismo y volviere a incurrir en la infraccioÌ?n a que
+se refiere el artiÌ?culo 113, o, sin incurrir en ella, se encontrare de
+ordinario bajo la influencia del alcohol, su coÌ?nyuge, conviviente, o
+cualquiera de sus parientes hasta el segundo grado de consanguinidad o
+afinidad podraÌ? solicitar al juez que disponga su internacioÌ?n parcial en
+alguÌ?n establecimiento hospitalario o comunidad terapeÌ?utica abierta que
+cuente con programas de tratamiento del alcoholismo.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? breve y sumariamente, oyendo al interesado y a sus
+parientes, previo informe de un meÌ?dico legista o especialista acerca de la
+necesidad y duracioÌ?n del tratamiento. En su resolucioÌ?n, el juez precisaraÌ?
+la duracioÌ?n de esta medida, que seraÌ? esencialmente revocable, la que no
+podraÌ? exceder de sesenta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Si, concluido el periodo de internacioÌ?n parcial, la persona
+nuevamente cometiere la infraccioÌ?n descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113 o se
+encontrare de ordinario bajo la influencia del alcohol, el tribunal,
+escuchando al director del establecimiento hospitalario o comunidad
+terapeÌ?utica abierta, podraÌ? ordenar que sea internada bajo reÌ?gimen de
+residencia total hasta por un periodo de ciento ochenta diÌ?as. El director
+informaraÌ? al tribunal en la oportunidad que considere que han cesado las
+condiciones que hicieron necesaria dicha medida. TambieÌ?n podraÌ? disponerse
+su teÌ?rmino anticipado a solicitud de alguno de los familiares a que se
+refiere el inciso primero que se responsabilice del control y vigilancia
+domiciliaria del afectado, siempre que se cuente con informe favorable del
+meÌ?dico tratante.
+
+
+ Contra la resolucioÌ?n judicial que se pronunciare sobre las medidas de
+internacioÌ?n procederaÌ? el recurso de apelacioÌ?n en ambos efectos, que se
+conoceraÌ? en cuenta y sin esperar la comparecencia de las partes.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de tales medidas, si la persona a que se refiere este
+artiÌ?culo maltratare habitualmente de obra o de palabra a alguno de los
+componentes de su grupo familiar, cualquiera de eÌ?stos podraÌ? solicitar que
+se le apliquen las medidas establecidas en la letra h) del artiÌ?culo 3º de
+la ley Nº 19.325, sobre actos de violencia intrafamiliar.
+
+
+ En caso de que fuere un menor quien se encontrare de ordinario bajo
+la influencia del alcohol, el juez de letras de menores le aplicaraÌ? alguna
+de las medidas de proteccioÌ?n previstas en la Ley Nº 16.618, sobre menores,
+de conformidad al procedimiento establecido en ese cuerpo legal.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 6)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se senÌ?ala en seguida:
+
+
+ "7) ReemplaÌ?zase los artiÌ?culos 120, 121 y 122 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 120.- Se prohibe la conduccioÌ?n de cualquier vehiÌ?culo o
+medio de transporte, la operacioÌ?n de cualquier tipo de maquinaria o el
+desempenÌ?o de las funciones de guardafrenos, cambiadores o controladores de
+traÌ?nsito, ejecutadas en estado de ebriedad o bajo la influencia del
+alcohol.
+
+
+ Para la determinacioÌ?n del estado de ebriedad del imputado o del hecho
+de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol, el tribunal podraÌ? considerar
+todos los medios de prueba, evaluando especialmente el estado general del
+imputado en relacioÌ?n con el control de sus sentidos, como tambieÌ?n el nivel
+de alcohol presente en el flujo sanguiÌ?neo y que conste en el informe de
+alcoholemia o en el resultado de la prueba respiratoria que hubiere sido
+practicada por Carabineros.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, se presumiraÌ? estado de ebriedad cuando
+el informe o prueba arroje una dosificacioÌ?n igual o superior a 0,8 gramo
+por mil de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo. Se entenderaÌ? que hay
+desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad aun respecto de los que, encontraÌ?ndose
+ebrios, fueren sorprendidos en circunstancias que hagan presumir que se
+aprestan a actuar en ese estado, o que acaban de hacerlo.
+
+
+ Se presumiraÌ? estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol
+cuando el informe o prueba arroje una dosificacioÌ?n superior a 0,5 e
+inferior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre.".
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 121.- La infraccioÌ?n de la prohibicioÌ?n establecida en el
+inciso primero del artiÌ?culo anterior, cuando la conduccioÌ?n, operacioÌ?n o
+desempenÌ?o fuere ejecutada en estado de ebriedad, seraÌ? sancionada con la
+pena de presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo y multa de dos a diez unidades
+tributarias mensuales, sea que no se ocasione danÌ?o alguno, o que con ello
+se causare danÌ?os materiales o lesiones leves.
+
+
+ Si a consecuencia de la conduccioÌ?n, operacioÌ?n o desempenÌ?o en estado
+de ebriedad antes senÌ?alada se causare lesiones graves o menos graves, se
+impondraÌ? la pena de presidio menor en su grado medio y multa de cuatro a
+doce unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Si se causare algunas de las lesiones indicadas en el artiÌ?culo 397
+Nº1 del CoÌ?digo Penal o la muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se impondraÌ?n las
+penas de presidio menor en su grado maÌ?ximo y multa de ocho a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ El tribunal, en todo caso, podraÌ? hacer uso de la facultad que le
+confiere el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 196 B de la ley N° 18.290, de
+TraÌ?nsito.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de huir del lugar donde se hubiere ejecutado la
+conducta delictiva, debidamente acreditada, seraÌ? apreciada por el juez como
+un hecho relevante para formar su conviccioÌ?n sobre la responsabilidad del
+imputado.
+
+
+ En los delitos previstos en este artiÌ?culo se aplicaraÌ? como pena
+accesoria la suspensioÌ?n de la licencia para conducir vehiÌ?culos motorizados
+por el teÌ?rmino de seis meses a un anÌ?o; de uno a dos anÌ?os, si se causaren
+lesiones menos graves o graves, y de dos a cuatro anÌ?os, si resultare la
+muerte. En caso de reincidencia, los plazos maÌ?ximos senÌ?alados en este
+inciso se elevaraÌ?n al doble, debiendo el juez decretar la cancelacioÌ?n de la
+licencia cuando estime que la conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos por parte del
+infractor ofrece peligro para el traÌ?nsito o la seguridad puÌ?blica, lo que
+fundaraÌ? en las anotaciones que registre la hoja de vida del conductor o en
+razones meÌ?dicas debidamente comprobadas.
+
+
+ Las medidas indicadas en el inciso precedente no podraÌ?n ser
+suspendidas. Sin embargo, cumplidos a lo menos seis anÌ?os desde que se
+canceloÌ? la licencia de conducir, el juez podraÌ? alzar esa medida cuando
+nuevos antecedentes permitan estimar fundadamente que ha desaparecido el
+peligro para el traÌ?nsito o la seguridad puÌ?blica que importaba la conduccioÌ?n
+de vehiÌ?culos motorizados por el infractor.
+
+
+ La persona que fuere sorprendida cometiendo alguna de las
+infracciones a que se refiere el inciso primero seraÌ? citada a comparecer
+ante la autoridad competente. La citacioÌ?n no obstaraÌ? a que, si procediere,
+sea conducida a un establecimiento hospitalario para la praÌ?ctica de los
+exaÌ?menes a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo siguiente, y se aplique lo previsto
+en el artiÌ?culo 114.
+
+
+ En los demaÌ?s casos, tambieÌ?n podraÌ? citarse al imputado si no fuere
+posible conducirlo inmediatamente ante el juez y el oficial a cargo del
+recinto policial considerare que existen suficientes garantiÌ?as de su
+oportuna comparecencia. Si no fuere asiÌ?, se le mantendraÌ? detenido para
+ponerlo a disposicioÌ?n del tribunal, el que podraÌ? decretar la presioÌ?n
+preventiva cuando procediere de acuerdo con las reglas generales.".
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 122.- Para los efectos previstos en los artiÌ?culos 190 de
+la ley Nº 18.290 y 120 y 121 de esta ley, Carabineros podraÌ? someter a una
+prueba respiratoria destinada a determinar la presencia de alcohol en la
+sangre o en el organismo, a toda persona que conduzca o se apreste a
+conducir un vehiÌ?culo en un lugar puÌ?blico. Ese examen se practicaraÌ? en todo
+caso, de conformidad a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la ley Nº
+18.290, al conductor y al peatoÌ?n que hubieren participado en un accidente
+de traÌ?nsito del que resultaren lesiones o muerte.
+
+
+ Si el resultado de la prueba respiratoria denota en el conductor un
+posible estado de ebriedad, se le practicaraÌ? el examen de alcoholemia a que
+se refiere el inciso siguiente. Si solamente indica que dicha persona se
+encuentra bajo la influencia del alcohol, se procederaÌ? de conformidad a lo
+dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 114, pero podraÌ? permitirse que se retire en el
+vehiÌ?culo bajo la responsabilidad de otra persona que se haga cargo de la
+conduccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Cuando fuere necesario someter a una persona a un examen cientiÌ?fico
+para determinar la dosificacioÌ?n de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo,
+los exaÌ?menes podraÌ?n practicarse en los lugares y por los funcionarios
+aludidos en el referido artiÌ?culo 190 de la ley Nº 18.290 o en cualquier
+establecimiento hospitalario expresamente habilitado por el Servicio MeÌ?dico
+Legal, el que podraÌ? impartir las instrucciones que deberaÌ?n ser cumplidas
+por todas las reparticiones indicadas, aun cuando ellas no dependan de este
+Servicio. El responsable del establecimiento arbitraraÌ? todas las medidas
+necesarias para que dichos exaÌ?menes se efectuÌ?en en forma expedita y para
+que los funcionarios de Carabineros empleen el menor tiempo posible en la
+custodia de los imputados que requieran la praÌ?ctica de los mismos.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de negarse el imputado a dicho examen seraÌ? apreciada
+por el juez como un antecedente de relevancia en la acreditacioÌ?n de su
+estado de ebriedad.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 7)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "8) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 123 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 123.- Quienes, en la atencioÌ?n de los establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas en el interior del
+local, las suministraren a personas en manifiesto estado de ebriedad, seraÌ?n
+sancionados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Con la misma pena seraÌ?n sancionadas las personas indicadas en el
+inciso precedente que vendan u obsequien bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los
+funcionarios fiscalizadores en servicio, para ser consumidas al interior
+del recinto.
+
+
+ Dicha cantidad podraÌ? imponerse doblada a los administradores o duenÌ?os
+de los establecimientos referidos, en caso que el suministro, en las
+condiciones mencionadas en los dos incisos precedentes, haya sido inducido
+por eÌ?stos."
+
+
+ "Articulo 123 bis.- En los negocios indicados en el artiÌ?culo 140 soÌ?lo
+se permitiraÌ? el suministro de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los menores de
+dieciocho anÌ?os, cuando concurran acompanÌ?ados de sus padres o representantes
+a los recintos destinados a comedores.
+
+
+ Quienes, en la atencioÌ?n de los establecimientos clasificados en el
+artiÌ?culo 140, vendan, proporcionen o suministren bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a
+menores de edad fuera de los casos mencionados en el inciso precedente,
+seraÌ?n sancionados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias
+mensuales.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, las personas indicadas en el inciso precedente se
+encuentran obligadas a exigir a sus consumidores, que aparentemente tengan
+menos de dieciocho anÌ?os, su ceÌ?dula de identidad u otro documento de
+identificacioÌ?n expedido por la autoridad puÌ?blica antes de suministrarles
+dichas bebidas. Quienes infrinjan esta disposicioÌ?n seraÌ?n castigados con una
+multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Las multas podraÌ?n imponerse dobladas a los administradores o duenÌ?os
+de los establecimientos referidos, en caso que el suministro en las
+condiciones mencionadas haya sido inducido directamente por eÌ?stos.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 8)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo en la forma que se indica:
+
+
+ "9) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 124 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 124.- Los que vuelvan a incurrir en las infracciones del
+artiÌ?culo anterior seraÌ?n sancionados con el doble de la multa aplicada a la
+primera infraccioÌ?n. La tercera transgresioÌ?n se sancionaraÌ? con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento, a menos que se acredite la ausencia de
+responsabilidad en el duenÌ?o o administrador del establecimiento.
+
+
+ Para aplicar esta disposicioÌ?n se consideraraÌ?n las infracciones
+cometidas en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses anteriores a la que dio lugar al
+procedimiento, aun cuando no hubiere recaiÌ?do sobre ellas sentencia
+condenatoria firme en virtud de haber decretado el tribunal la suspensioÌ?n
+condicional del procedimiento.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 9)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "10) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 127 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 127. La madre de los hijos menores del imputado o la
+persona que los tuviere a su cargo podraÌ? solicitar al tribunal que esteÌ?
+conociendo de una infraccioÌ?n por ebriedad cometida por quien ya hubiere
+sido condenado por ese mismo hecho, que ordene que se les entregue hasta el
+cincuenta por ciento de las remuneraciones de eÌ?ste a tiÌ?tulo de alimentos
+provisorios, si concurrieren los requisitos legales.
+
+
+ El tribunal resolveraÌ? con la sola audiencia del infractor y la
+agregacioÌ?n de la prueba que estimare necesaria. Si acogiere la solicitud,
+dispondraÌ? la retencioÌ?n y entrega de remuneraciones a sus beneficiarios en
+la misma resolucioÌ?n que condene nuevamente al infractor; fijaraÌ? la duracioÌ?n
+de la medida, que podraÌ? extenderse hasta por el plazo maÌ?ximo de un anÌ?o, y
+ordenaraÌ? que, una vez ejecutoriado el fallo, copia de eÌ?l y de sus
+antecedentes se enviÌ?en al respectivo juez de letras de menores.
+
+
+ Lo previsto en este artiÌ?culo se aplicaraÌ? sin perjuicio de lo que
+resuelva el competente juez de letras de menores al conocer la solicitud a
+que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 26, Nº 3), de la ley Nº 16.618.".
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 10)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se senÌ?ala en seguida:
+
+
+ "11) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 128. "
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 11)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ 12) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 130 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 130.- En todos los establecimientos educacionales, sean de
+ensenÌ?anza parvularia, baÌ?sica o media, se estimularaÌ? la formacioÌ?n de haÌ?bitos
+de vida saludable y el desarrollo de factores protectores contra el abuso
+del alcohol.
+
+
+ Con el objeto de contribuir a la finalidad prevista en el inciso
+precedente, el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n proporcionaraÌ? material didaÌ?ctico a
+los establecimientos educacionales de menores recursos y capacitaraÌ?
+docentes en la prevencioÌ?n del alcoholismo.
+
+
+ Se prohibe la venta, suministro o consumo de toda clase de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas en los establecimientos educacionales.
+
+
+ No obstante lo dispuesto en el inciso anterior, la direccioÌ?n del
+respectivo establecimiento, a solicitud del centro general de padres y
+apoderados o con la aprobacioÌ?n de eÌ?ste, podraÌ? autorizar que se proporcione
+y consuma bebidas alcohoÌ?licas durante Fiestas Patrias o actividades de
+beneficencia que se realicen hasta por tres veces en cada anÌ?o calendario,
+de lo cual se daraÌ? aviso previo a Carabineros y a la respectiva
+Municipalidad. Esta autorizacioÌ?n no se concederaÌ? durante el anÌ?o escolar en
+establecimientos que cuenten con internado. La direccioÌ?n del
+establecimiento velaraÌ? por el correcto uso de la autorizacioÌ?n concedida y
+porque la realizacioÌ?n de la actividad no afecte de manera alguna el normal
+desarrollo de las actividades educacionales.
+
+
+ Una comisioÌ?n interministerial, compuesta por representantes de los
+Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo y PrevisioÌ?n Social, estaraÌ?
+encargada de implementar y fomentar programas de prevencioÌ?n del abuso de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser impartidos en empresas, servicios puÌ?blicos y
+municipalidades, y de arbitrar las medidas y efectuar los estudios
+necesarios para evaluar sus resultados.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Intercalar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 13, nuevo:
+
+
+ "13) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 131 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 131. El que incurriere en alguna de las infracciones
+descrita en los artiÌ?culos precedentes que estuviere sancionada soÌ?lo con
+multa y careciere de medios econoÌ?micos para pagarla, si en la comuna
+existiere la posibilidad de efectuar trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad,
+podraÌ? solicitar al tribunal, que, una vez ejecutoriada la sentencia, le
+conmute la multa en todo o en parte por la realizacioÌ?n del trabajo que el
+infractor elija de entre aquellos que se le ofrezca.
+
+
+ El tiempo que duraraÌ? estos trabajos quedaraÌ? determinado reduciendo el
+monto de la multa a diÌ?as, a razoÌ?n de un diÌ?a por cada quinto de unidad
+tributaria mensual, los que podraÌ?n fraccionarse en horas para no afectar la
+jornada laboral o escolar que tuviere el infractor, entendieÌ?ndose que el
+diÌ?a comprende ocho horas laborales. Los trabajos se efectuaraÌ?n durante un
+maÌ?ximo de ocho horas a la semana y podraÌ?n incluir diÌ?as saÌ?bado y feriados.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que otorgue la conmutacioÌ?n deberaÌ? senÌ?alar expresamente
+el tipo de trabajo, el lugar donde deba realizarse, su duracioÌ?n y la
+persona o institucioÌ?n encargada de controlar su cumplimiento. La falta de
+cumplimiento cabal y oportuno del trabajo elegido dejaraÌ? sin efecto la
+conmutacioÌ?n por el solo ministerio de la ley y deberaÌ? pagarse la multa
+primitivamente aplicada o cumplirse la reclusioÌ?n nocturna, a menos que el
+juez, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, adopte otra decisioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 12)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "14) En el artiÌ?culo 132, sustituÌ?yese en el inciso segundo la frase
+"un quinto de sueldo vital mensual" por "una a tres unidades tributarias
+mensuales"; reemplaÌ?zase en el inciso final la oracioÌ?n "las respectivas
+TesoreriÌ?as Comunales" por "la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica", y
+sustituÌ?yese en el mismo inciso final la expresioÌ?n "recauden las TesoreriÌ?as
+Comunales" por "recaude TesoreriÌ?a"."
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Intercalar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 15, nuevo:
+
+
+ "15) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo 134 la palabra "secuestrados" por
+"internados". ".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 13)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "16) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 135."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 15)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo en la forma que se expresa en seguida:
+
+
+ "18) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 139 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 139.- Todos los establecimientos que expendan,
+proporcionen, distribuyan o mantengan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas estaraÌ?n sujetos a
+la vigilancia e inspeccioÌ?n de Carabineros de Chile y de los inspectores
+municipales y fiscales.
+
+
+ El que estorbe o impida la entrada de los mencionados funcionarios,
+incluidos los duenÌ?os, administradores o empleados de dichos
+establecimientos, seraÌ? castigado con multa de una a cinco unidades
+tributarias mensuales. La segunda vez que incurra en esta infraccioÌ?n seraÌ?
+penado con el doble de la multa, y la tercera, con el triple de la multa
+con que hubiere sido sancionado la primera vez y la clausura definitiva del
+establecimiento. Con todo, no procederaÌ? la clausura si se acredita la
+ausencia de responsabilidad en el duenÌ?o o administrador del
+establecimiento.
+
+
+ Los tribunales competentes podraÌ?n autorizar la entrada y registro de
+inmuebles para fiscalizar el cumplimiento de esta ley. Si de los
+antecedentes proporcionados se desprenden indicios de que en la propiedad
+cuyo registro se solicita se venden, proporcionan o distribuyen
+clandestinamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, se llevaraÌ? a cabo de inmediato tal
+diligencia, con el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 16)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "19) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 140 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 140.- Todos los establecimientos de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+quedaraÌ?n clasificados dentro de las siguientes categoriÌ?as y tendraÌ?n las
+caracteriÌ?sticas que se senÌ?alan:
+
+
+ A) DEPOÌ?SITOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, para ser consumidas fuera del
+local de venta o de sus dependencias.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ B) HOTELES, ANEXOS DE HOTELES, CASAS DE PENSIOÌ?N O RESIDENCIALES:
+
+
+ a) Hotel y anexo de hotel, en el que se preste servicio de hospedaje
+y alimentacioÌ?n. El expendio deberaÌ? realizarse en las dependencias
+destinadas para tales efectos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,7 UTM.
+
+
+ b) Casas de pensioÌ?n o residenciales, que proporcionen alojamiento y
+comida, principalmente por meses. El expendio se haraÌ? exclusivamente a los
+alojados, en las horas de almuerzo o de comida y soÌ?lo en los comedores.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,6 UTM.
+
+
+ C) RESTAURANTES DIURNOS O NOCTURNOS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas a los clientes que concurran a ingerir alimentos preparados.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1,2 UTM.
+
+
+ D) CABAREÌ?S O PENÌ?AS FOLCLOÌ?RICAS:
+
+
+ a) CabareÌ?s, con espectaÌ?culos artiÌ?sticos y expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3,5 UTM.
+
+
+ b) PenÌ?as folcloÌ?ricas, destinadas a difundir el folclore nacional, con
+venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3 UTM.
+
+
+ E) CANTINAS, BARES, PUBS Y TABERNAS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas y venta de comida raÌ?pida.
+
+ Valor Patente: 2 UTM.
+
+
+ F) ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE EXPENDIO DE CERVEZA O SIDRA DE FRUTAS, que
+podraÌ?n funcionar en forma aislada o junto a pasteleriÌ?as, fuentes de soda u
+otros anaÌ?logos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,5 UTM.
+
+
+ G) QUINTAS DE RECREO O SERVICIOS AL AUTO, que reuÌ?nan las condiciones
+de bar, restaurante y cabareÌ?, pero con playa de estacionamiento de
+automoÌ?viles para sus clientes.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3,5 UTM.
+
+
+ H) SUPERMERCADOS O MINIMERCADOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, que
+funcionaraÌ?n anexos a supermercados de comestibles y en los cuales se podraÌ?
+expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas envasadas al por mayor o al detalle, para ser
+consumidas fuera del local de venta, sus dependencias y estacionamientos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1,5 UTM.
+
+
+ I) HOTELES, HOSTERIÌ?AS, MOTELES O RESTAURANTES DE TURISMO:
+
+
+ a) Hotel de turismo, en que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje, sin perjuicio de otros servicios complementarios, y que
+comprende las patentes de hotel, restaurante, cantina y cabareÌ?.
+
+ Valor Patente: 5 UTM.
+
+
+ b) HosteriÌ?a de turismo, en la que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje y alimentacioÌ?n, con expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3 UTM.
+
+
+ c) Motel de turismo, en el que se proporciona servicio de hospedaje
+en unidades habitacionales independientes o aisladas entre siÌ?, dotadas de
+elementos que permitan la preparacioÌ?n de comidas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 2 UTM.
+
+
+ d) Restaurante de turismo, que comprende las patentes de restaurante,
+cantina y cabareÌ?.
+
+ Valor Patente: 4 UTM.
+
+
+ J) BODEGAS ELABORADORAS O DISTRIBUIDORAS DE VINOS, LICORES O CERVEZA
+que expendan al por mayor.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1,5 UTM.
+
+
+ K) CASAS IMPORTADORAS DE VINOS O LICORES, destinadas a la venta al
+por mayor de vinos y licores importados.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,5 UTM.
+
+
+ L) AGENCIAS DE VINÌ?AS O DE INDUSTRIAS DE LICORES ESTABLECIDAS FUERA DE
+LA COMUNA, que vendan, por intermedio de comisionistas o de corredores,
+vinos o licores en representacioÌ?n y por cuenta de una o maÌ?s vinÌ?as o de una
+o maÌ?s faÌ?bricas de licores o de ambas, siempre que eÌ?stas se encuentren
+ubicadas fuera de la comuna donde el agente ejerce su actividad.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ M) CIRCULOS O CLUBES SOCIALES CON PERSONALIDAD JURIDICA, con expendio
+de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y alimentos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ N) INSTITUCIONES DE CARACTER DEPORTIVO O CULTURAL, con personalidad
+juriÌ?dica, siempre que tengan patente de restaurante.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ NÌ?) SALONES DE TE O CAFETERIAS, en los que se permitiraÌ? tambieÌ?n el
+expendio de cerveza, de sidra y de vino, siempre que vengan envasados.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,5 UTM.
+
+
+ O) SALONES DE BAILE O DISCOTECAS, en los cuales soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ?
+baile con muÌ?sica grabada u orquestas, sin representaciones con nuÌ?meros en
+vivo.
+
+ Valor Patente: 2 UTM.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de esta ley se entenderaÌ? por venta o expendio al por
+mayor, el realizado en cantidades no inferiores a 200 litros, si se trata
+de venta a granel, o de 48 botellas, cajas, latas u otras unidades de
+consumo si la venta es de bebidas envasadas.
+
+
+ Para la determinacioÌ?n del equivalente en pesos de las patentes
+establecidas en esta ley, se estaraÌ? al valor de la unidad tributaria
+mensual a la fecha de su pago efectivo y no se consideraraÌ? el sistema de
+reajustabilidad establecido en el artiÌ?culo 59 del decreto ley Nº3.063 del
+anÌ?o 1979.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 17)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo en la forma que se senÌ?ala:
+
+
+ "20) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 144 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 144.- Las patentes se concederaÌ?n en la forma que determina
+esta ley, sin perjuicio de la aplicacioÌ?n de las normas de la Ley de Rentas
+Municipales y de la ley Nº 18.695, en lo que fueren pertinentes.
+
+
+ El valor de las patentes deberaÌ? ser pagado por semestres anticipados,
+en los meses de enero y julio de cada anÌ?o.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas no podraÌ?n
+funcionar sin que hayan pagado previamente la patente que corresponda, ni
+podraÌ?n continuar funcionando sin tenerla al diÌ?a, salvo que este hecho no
+fuere imputable al deudor y lo probare documentalmente, circunstancias que
+corresponderaÌ? apreciar al alcalde.
+
+
+ El infractor de esta disposicioÌ?n sufriraÌ? una multa de diez unidades
+tributarias mensuales, que se aumentaraÌ?n a veinte, si persistiere. Si,
+aplicada la segunda multa, el infractor no pagare la patente que lo
+habilita para expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ? sancionado con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento y con la caducidad de la patente.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Intercalar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 21, nuevo:
+
+
+ "21) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 146.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 18)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo como se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "22) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 147 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 147.- En cada comuna, las patentes indicadas en las letras
+A, E y F del artiÌ?culo 140 no podraÌ?n exceder, en ninguÌ?n caso, la proporcioÌ?n
+de un establecimiento por cada 600 habitantes.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas en cada comuna, distribuidas dentro
+de las diversas categoriÌ?as senÌ?aladas en el inciso anterior, seraÌ? fijado
+cada tres anÌ?os por el intendente regional, previo informe del alcalde, con
+acuerdo del concejo, tomando como base el nuÌ?mero de habitantes que senÌ?ale
+el Instituto Nacional de EstadiÌ?sticas.
+
+
+ Con el objeto de dar cumplimiento a los incisos precedentes, y, en su
+caso, de reducir el nuÌ?mero de patentes a la nueva cantidad que se fijare de
+acuerdo a esas disposiciones si fuere menor a la existente, las
+municipalidades no renovaraÌ?n las patentes otorgadas a los establecimientos
+respectivos cuando sean definitivamente clausurados por infraccioÌ?n a esta
+ley o a disposiciones municipales, ni aplicaraÌ?n el procedimiento de remate
+que se regula en los incisos siguientes, de modo tal que las patentes
+limitadas caduquen cuando no sean pagadas dentro de los plazos legales
+hasta que se alcance el nuÌ?mero de ellas que se hubiere previsto.
+
+
+ Las patentes limitadas que no hubieren sido pagadas en su oportunidad
+legal se remataraÌ?n al mejor postor, a beneficio de la municipalidad
+respectiva, y seraÌ?n adjudicadas por un valor que no podraÌ? ser inferior al
+miÌ?nimo de su clasificacioÌ?n, maÌ?s los derechos de inspeccioÌ?n y reajuste que
+correspondan.
+
+
+ Los remates se efectuaraÌ?n quince diÌ?as despueÌ?s de haberse levantado el
+acta correspondiente.
+
+
+ Los postores deberaÌ?n cancelar, ademaÌ?s del precio de la subasta, el
+semestre vencido de la patente, maÌ?s los intereses penales que se hubieren
+devengado.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Intercalar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 23, nuevo:
+
+
+ "23) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 149."
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 19)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "24) ElimiÌ?nase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 150 la frase "en
+conformidad a lo que dispone el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 140", pasando
+la coma (,) que la precede a ser punto final.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 20)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se senÌ?ala:
+
+
+ "25) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 153 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 153.- La municipalidad determinaraÌ?, en su respectivo plano
+regulador, o a traveÌ?s de ordenanza municipal, las zonas de su territorio en
+las que podraÌ?n instalarse cantinas, bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s y locales de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo
+local.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, no concederaÌ? patentes para que funcionen en
+conjuntos habitacionales a aquellos establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas que determine mediante ordenanza municipal.
+
+
+ Para los efectos previstos en los incisos anteriores, la
+municipalidad oiraÌ? a Carabineros dentro del plazo que determine.
+
+
+ Tampoco se concederaÌ? patentes para el funcionamiento de cantinas,
+bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s, botilleriÌ?as y locales de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, que esteÌ?n
+ubicados a menos de cien metros de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n, de salud
+o penitenciarios, de recintos militares o policiales, de terminales y
+garitas de la movilizacioÌ?n colectiva. La municipalidad podraÌ? excluir de
+esta prohibicioÌ?n a los hoteles o restaurantes de turismo.
+
+
+ La distancia se mediraÌ? entre los extremos maÌ?s proÌ?ximos de los
+respectivos establecimientos, tomando la liÌ?nea de acceso principal maÌ?s
+corta, por aceras, calles y espacios de uso puÌ?blico.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 21)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se senÌ?ala a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "26) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 154 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 154.- Se prohibe el consumo de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en
+calles, plazas, paseos y demaÌ?s lugares de uso puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ La infraccioÌ?n de lo dispuesto en este artiÌ?culo seraÌ? sancionada con
+multa de un cuarto de unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de la citacioÌ?n que se extenderaÌ? al infractor para que
+comparezca ante el tribunal a fin de responder por la falta cometida, aqueÌ?l
+podraÌ? consignar de inmediato el valor de la multa ante el jefe de la unidad
+policial, quien daraÌ? cuenta al juzgado competente de las citaciones
+cursadas y el dinero recaudado dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ Si fuere un menor de dieciocho anÌ?os quien estuviere consumiendo
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ? devuelto a sus padres o guardadores, bajo
+apercibimiento de que, si volviere a incurrir en esa conducta o cometiere
+la descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113, seraÌ? puesto a disposicioÌ?n del juzgado de
+letras de menores.
+
+
+ Si nuevamente se encontrare al menor cometiendo esta infraccioÌ?n o la
+prevista en el artiÌ?culo 113, el juzgado de letras de menores le aplicaraÌ? la
+medida de proteccioÌ?n que proceda de conformidad a la ley.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 22)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo como se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "27) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 157 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 157.- Todos los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, a excepcioÌ?n de hoteles y casas de pensioÌ?n, deben estar
+absolutamente independientes de la casa habitacioÌ?n del comerciante o de
+cualquiera otra persona.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 23)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "28) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 158 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 158.- Las bebidas alcohoÌ?licas expendidas por los depoÌ?sitos
+de bebidas no podraÌ?n ser consumidas en lugares anexos a ellos o ubicados a
+una distancia menor de cien metros y de los cuales sea propietario,
+arrendatario o administrador el duenÌ?o del respectivo establecimiento.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 24)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica en seguida:
+
+
+ "29) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 159 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 159.- Se prohibe la venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en los
+minimercados situados en estaciones de expendio de combustible; en los
+campos y recintos destinados a espectaÌ?culos deportivos, salvo que se
+efectuÌ?e en recintos delimitados que tengan patente de restaurante o ciÌ?rculo
+o club social con personalidad juriÌ?dica; en las viÌ?as, plazas y paseos
+puÌ?blicos; en los teatros, circos y demaÌ?s centros y lugares de espectaÌ?culos
+o diversiones puÌ?blicas que no paguen patente de cabareÌ?; como tambieÌ?n en las
+estaciones ferroviarias, en los trenes y demaÌ?s vehiÌ?culos de transporte,
+salvo que se haga en forma localizada.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 25)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo como se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "30) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 160 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 160.- El Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, cuando sea previsible
+que el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en determinada localidad o comuna
+pudiere contribuir a alteraciones graves del orden puÌ?blico, podraÌ?
+restringirlo fundadamente hasta que desaparezcan los motivos que provocaren
+esa decisioÌ?n, la que en todo caso no podraÌ? tener una duracioÌ?n superior a
+treinta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Las personas que introduzcan o expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en una
+zona declarada seca seraÌ?n sancionadas con las penas que el artiÌ?culo 168
+contempla para el expendio clandestino, sin perjuicio de que el tribunal
+ordene la clausura inmediata del establecimiento que tuvieren a su cargo
+hasta por el teÌ?rmino del periÌ?odo fijado por el Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 27)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "32) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 163."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 29)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "34) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 166:
+
+
+ a) SupriÌ?mese en el nuÌ?mero 1 la palabra "municipales" y la coma que la
+antecede.
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 5 por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "5.- Los consejeros regionales y los concejales, y".
+
+
+ c) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "DireccioÌ?n General
+de Carabineros" por "respectiva Prefectura de Carabineros"."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 31)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se expresa en seguida:
+
+
+ "36) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 168:
+
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "un octavo a un
+sueldo vital" por "cinco a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el inciso tercero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La segunda vez que se incurra en esta conducta la sancioÌ?n seraÌ? una
+multa de igual monto, comiso de las bebidas y utensilios y clausura del
+establecimiento cuando corresponda. La tercera transgresioÌ?n se castigaraÌ?,
+ademaÌ?s, con prisioÌ?n inconmutable de veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as.", y
+
+
+ c) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso final por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Las bebidas y utensilios seraÌ?n retenidos por Carabineros en el
+momento de sorprenderse la infraccioÌ?n, para ser puestos a disposicioÌ?n del
+oÌ?rgano encargado de la investigacioÌ?n de tales conductas punibles.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 32)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "37) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 169:
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso cuarto por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a cualquier establecimiento no
+autorizado para venderlas seraÌ? sancionada con multa de quince a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales. Con la misma pena se sancionaraÌ? a los
+distribuidores, si conocieren o no pudieren menos que conocer el destino de
+la mercaderiÌ?a. El vehiÌ?culo y cualquier otro medio utilizado para cometer
+esta infraccioÌ?n seraÌ? retenido por Carabineros y devuelto una vez que se
+deposite en la unidad policial respectiva el valor equivalente al miÌ?nimo de
+la multa y sus recargos.".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso quinto la expresioÌ?n "15 a 30 sueldos
+vitales" por "diez a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales"."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 35)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "40) DeroÌ?gase los incisos quinto, sexto y seÌ?ptimo del artiÌ?culo 172.
+
+
+ 41) IntercaÌ?lase el siguiente artiÌ?culo 172 bis:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 172 bis.- Los establecimientos clausurados definitivamente
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n reabrirse para el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas por distinto
+duenÌ?o y con otra patente.
+
+
+ Igual regla se aplicaraÌ? a los negocios clausurados temporalmente,
+para reabrirlos antes de terminarse el plazo senÌ?alado a la clausura.
+
+
+ El propietario del inmueble podraÌ? solicitar el alzamiento de la
+clausura, cuando acredite que lo destinaraÌ? a otros usos.
+
+
+ En todo caso, para el alzamiento se requeriraÌ? orden judicial.
+
+
+ La violacioÌ?n de la clausura temporal seraÌ? castigada con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento, y la violacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta con prisioÌ?n en su
+grado medio a maÌ?ximo inconmutable. En ambos casos caeraÌ?n en comiso las
+bebidas."."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 37)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el que se indica en seguida
+
+
+ "43) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 176 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 176.- Las bebidas y elementos retenidos seraÌ?n depositados
+en los lugares que, a requerimiento del oÌ?rgano encargado de la
+investigacioÌ?n de las conductas punibles, deberaÌ?n proveer las
+municipalidades. Los comisos seraÌ?n vendidos en subasta puÌ?blica por el
+funcionario del respectivo tribunal o el martillero puÌ?blico que designe el
+juez. Su producto, una vez deducidos los gastos del remate, se ingresaraÌ? en
+la tesoreriÌ?a regional o provincial correspondiente, para ser depositado en
+una cuenta especial que llevaraÌ? la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Los recursos mencionados deberaÌ?n ser destinados a los programas de
+prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n establecidos en esta ley.
+
+
+ SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n concurrir como postores al remate los comerciantes de
+alcoholes que tengan su patente al diÌ?a."."
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 42)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo como se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "48) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 188 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 188.- Para los efectos de determinar el equivalente en
+pesos de las multas que establece esta ley, se estaraÌ? al valor de la unidad
+tributaria mensual a la fecha de su pago efectivo.
+
+
+ Aplicada una multa, el tribunal no podraÌ? dejarla en suspenso ni
+rebajarla, salvo que se acredite haber incurrido en un error de hecho en la
+apreciacioÌ?n de la prueba.".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 43)
+
+
+ Suprimirlo.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 44)
+
+
+ - Sustituir su encabezamiento por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "49) AgreÌ?gase los siguientes artiÌ?culos 1º a 7º transitorios,
+nuevos:".
+
+
+ - Intercalar el siguiente artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio, nuevo, cambiando
+correlativamente la numeracioÌ?n de los actuales artiÌ?culos.
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio.- La nueva proporcioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero de
+establecimientos afectos a patentes limitadas que se senÌ?ala en el inciso
+primero del artiÌ?culo 140 no afectaraÌ? a los que se encuentren en
+funcionamiento y cumplieren todos los requisitos preexistentes.
+
+
+ Asimismo, los establecimientos que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para
+ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, que quedaren comprendidos dentro
+de una zona del territorio comunal en la que tales establecimientos no
+podraÌ?n instalarse en lo sucesivo por la entrada en vigencia de un plano
+regulador, modificacioÌ?n del plano regulador u ordenanza municipal que asiÌ?
+lo establezca, de conformidad a lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 153, tampoco se
+veraÌ?n afectados por esa nueva disposicioÌ?n, siempre que a esa fecha
+cumplieren todos los requisitos exigidos para su funcionamiento.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, si el nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas que se
+hubiere otorgado excediere la nueva proporcioÌ?n, tales patentes no podraÌ?n
+transferirse ni se renovaraÌ?n, y seraÌ?n canceladas en caso de teÌ?rmino de
+giro, clausura definitiva del establecimiento, falta de pago de la patente
+o cualquiera otra circunstancia que obste al funcionamiento del
+establecimiento respectivo, hasta que se alcance el nuÌ?mero de ellas que
+correspondiere. De igual forma se procederaÌ? con las patentes en la zona en
+que no pueden instalarse establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, hasta la completa extincioÌ?n de las patentes otorgadas con
+anterioridad.".
+
+
+ - En el artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio, que pasa a ser 2º transitorio,
+reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal" por "CoÌ?digo
+Procesal Penal".
+
+
+ - En el artiÌ?culo 5º transitorio:
+
+
+ Sustituir la letra d) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "d) El juez deberaÌ? recabar el extracto de filiacioÌ?n y antecedentes
+del detenido y el certificado de las anotaciones que consten en el Registro
+Nacional de Conductores, una vez que el imputado preste la declaracioÌ?n
+indagatoria.
+
+
+ OrdenaraÌ?, asimismo, la retencioÌ?n de la licencia de conducir, la que
+no seraÌ? devuelta hasta que, basado en antecedentes calificados del proceso,
+el juez estime que de la conduccioÌ?n no se derivaraÌ? ninguÌ?n peligro para la
+seguridad de las personas o para el traÌ?nsito puÌ?blico. En ninguÌ?n caso este
+beneficio podraÌ? otorgarse al reincidente. Mientras dure esta medida no
+podraÌ? otorgarse permisos provisorios para conducir, y el periodo por el que
+se extienda se imputaraÌ? a la pena accesoria de suspensioÌ?n de la licencia.".
+
+
+ Reemplazar la letra f) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "f) Si, como consecuencia del manejo en estado de ebriedad,
+resultaren lesiones menos graves o graves o la muerte de alguna persona,
+las autoridades policiales procederaÌ?n a poner el vehiÌ?culo a disposicioÌ?n del
+tribunal.
+
+
+ Cuando existieren presunciones fundadas de culpabilidad, el juez
+podraÌ? ordenar la retencioÌ?n judicial del vehiÌ?culo hasta que se caucionen las
+responsabilidades civiles.".
+
+
+
+1.6.1 ARTIÌ?CULO 2º
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones en la ley Nº
+18.455:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase, al final del inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 34, la
+siguiente oracioÌ?n: "En ninguÌ?n caso el volumen del producto envasado podraÌ?
+ser inferior a 250 centiÌ?metros cuÌ?bicos, ni el envase podraÌ? consistir en
+sobres o bolsas susceptibles de ser portados en los bolsillos.".
+
+
+ b) AgreÌ?gase, en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 35, a continuacioÌ?n de
+la palabra "volumen", pasando el punto aparte a ser coma, lo siguiente:
+"asiÌ? como un mensaje que induzca a la moderacioÌ?n en su consumo".
+
+
+
+1.6.2 ARTICULO 3º
+
+
+ Eliminarlo.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+1.6.3 TEXTO DEL PROYECTO
+
+
+ De aprobarse las modificaciones que proponemos, el proyecto quedariÌ?a
+como sigue.
+
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones en la ley Nº
+17.105:
+
+
+ 1) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 113 por el que se expresa a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 113. Todo individuo mayor de dieciocho anÌ?os que fuere
+encontrado en manifiesto estado de ebriedad en calles, caminos, plazas,
+teatros, hoteles, restaurantes y demaÌ?s lugares puÌ?blicos o abiertos al
+puÌ?blico, seraÌ? castigado con multa de media unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ Si no pagare la multa, el tribunal podraÌ? decretar, por viÌ?a de
+sustitucioÌ?n y apremio, la reclusioÌ?n nocturna del infractor a razoÌ?n de una
+noche por cada quinto de unidad tributaria mensual.".
+
+
+ 2) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 114 por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 114. Los infractores a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo anterior,
+aunque acrediten de inmediato su identidad, seraÌ?n conducidos a la unidad
+policial maÌ?s cercana si fuere necesario para que recuperen el control sobre
+sus actos y desapareciere el riesgo de que perturbaren el orden o pusieren
+en peligro su integridad fiÌ?sica o la de terceros. Esta medida no se podraÌ?
+prolongar por maÌ?s de cuatro horas.
+
+
+ En caso de que el estado en que se encontrare la persona hiciere
+necesario que se le preste atencioÌ?n meÌ?dica, Carabineros lo conduciraÌ? a un
+establecimiento de salud. Tales establecimientos deberaÌ?n prestar atencioÌ?n a
+las personas que les sean enviadas por las autoridades policiales con este
+objeto.
+
+
+ Durante la permanencia del afectado en el cuartel policial o en el
+establecimiento de salud, el jefe respectivo procuraraÌ? que se informe a su
+familia o a la persona que aqueÌ?l indique acerca del lugar en que se
+encuentra.
+
+
+ Se le citaraÌ?, en todo caso, para que comparezca ante el tribunal para
+responder por la falta cometida. Sin perjuicio de ello, el infractor podraÌ?
+consignar de inmediato el valor de la multa ante el jefe de la unidad
+policial, quien daraÌ? cuenta al juzgado competente de las citaciones
+cursadas y el dinero recaudado dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ Si el correspondiente jefe de Carabineros constatare que se ha
+incurrido en un error debido a las caracteriÌ?sticas de la enfermedad o
+deficiencia que afectare al supuesto infractor, dejaraÌ? de inmediato sin
+efecto la citacioÌ?n o la medida dispuesta en virtud del inciso primero,
+estampando la constancia pertinente."
+
+
+ 3) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 115.
+
+
+ 4) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 116 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 116. Lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 114, con excepcioÌ?n del
+inciso cuarto, se aplicaraÌ? tambieÌ?n a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os que
+fueren encontrados en manifiesto estado de ebriedad en los lugares
+indicados en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 113.
+
+
+ Los menores seraÌ?n devueltos a sus padres o guardadores, bajo
+apercibimiento de que, si volvieren a incurrir en esa conducta o cometieren
+la descrita en el artiÌ?culo 154, seraÌ?n puestos a disposicioÌ?n del juzgado de
+letras de menores.
+
+
+ Si nuevamente se encontrare al menor cometiendo dicha infraccioÌ?n o
+realizando la prevista en el artiÌ?culo 154, el juzgado de letras de menores
+le aplicaraÌ? la medida de proteccioÌ?n que proceda de conformidad a la ley.".
+
+
+ 5) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 117 por el que sigue:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 117. El que infringiere lo dispuesto en el inciso primero
+del artiÌ?culo 113 y hubiere sido condenado por ebriedad, mediante sentencia
+firme o ejecutoriada, dos veces en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, seraÌ? sancionado
+con multa de una a cuatro unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Ejecutoriada la sentencia y a peticioÌ?n expresa del infractor, el juez
+podraÌ? conmutar la multa por la asistencia obligatoria a programas de
+prevencioÌ?n o rehabilitacioÌ?n, por un lapso que no exceda de seis meses, bajo
+el control de un Consultorio de AtencioÌ?n Primaria de Salud, un Centro
+Comunitario de Salud Mental Familiar u otra institucioÌ?n considerada como
+idoÌ?nea por el Servicio de Salud respectivo. La correspondiente institucioÌ?n
+informaraÌ? al tribunal, con la periodicidad que eÌ?ste determine, sobre el
+cumplimiento de la medida y la evolucioÌ?n que presente el infractor.
+
+
+ La falta de cumplimiento cabal y oportuno del programa por parte del
+infractor dejaraÌ? sin efecto la conmutacioÌ?n por el solo ministerio de la ley
+y deberaÌ? pagarse la multa primitivamente aplicada o cumplirse la reclusioÌ?n
+nocturna, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 131 sobre trabajos
+en beneficio de la comunidad. Lo anterior, a menos que el juez, por
+resolucioÌ?n fundada, adopte otra decisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En ninguÌ?n caso, considerando las distintas infracciones acumuladas,
+la reclusioÌ?n nocturna podraÌ? exceder de quince noches ni los trabajos
+comunitarios de treinta diÌ?as.".
+
+
+ 6) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 118 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 118. Si la persona condenada por ebriedad tres o maÌ?s veces
+en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, hubiere asistido a programas de prevencioÌ?n y
+rehabilitacioÌ?n del alcoholismo y volviere a incurrir en la infraccioÌ?n a que
+se refiere el artiÌ?culo 113, o, sin incurrir en ella, se encontrare de
+ordinario bajo la influencia del alcohol, su coÌ?nyuge, conviviente, o
+cualquiera de sus parientes hasta el segundo grado de consanguinidad o
+afinidad podraÌ? solicitar al juez que disponga su internacioÌ?n parcial en
+alguÌ?n establecimiento hospitalario o comunidad terapeÌ?utica abierta que
+cuente con programas de tratamiento del alcoholismo.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? breve y sumariamente, oyendo al interesado y a sus
+parientes, previo informe de un meÌ?dico legista o especialista acerca de la
+necesidad y duracioÌ?n del tratamiento. En su resolucioÌ?n, el juez precisaraÌ?
+la duracioÌ?n de esta medida, que seraÌ? esencialmente revocable, la que no
+podraÌ? exceder de sesenta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Si, concluido el periodo de internacioÌ?n parcial, la persona
+nuevamente cometiere la infraccioÌ?n descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113 o se
+encontrare de ordinario bajo la influencia del alcohol, el tribunal,
+escuchando al director del establecimiento hospitalario o comunidad
+terapeÌ?utica abierta, podraÌ? ordenar que sea internada bajo reÌ?gimen de
+residencia total hasta por un periodo de ciento ochenta diÌ?as. El director
+informaraÌ? al tribunal en la oportunidad que considere que han cesado las
+condiciones que hicieron necesaria dicha medida. TambieÌ?n podraÌ? disponerse
+su teÌ?rmino anticipado a solicitud de alguno de los familiares a que se
+refiere el inciso primero que se responsabilice del control y vigilancia
+domiciliaria del afectado, siempre que se cuente con informe favorable del
+meÌ?dico tratante.
+
+
+ Contra la resolucioÌ?n judicial que se pronunciare sobre las medidas de
+internacioÌ?n procederaÌ? el recurso de apelacioÌ?n en ambos efectos, que se
+conoceraÌ? en cuenta y sin esperar la comparecencia de las partes.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de tales medidas, si la persona a que se refiere este
+artiÌ?culo maltratare habitualmente de obra o de palabra a alguno de los
+componentes de su grupo familiar, cualquiera de eÌ?stos podraÌ? solicitar que
+se le apliquen las medidas establecidas en la letra h) del artiÌ?culo 3º de
+la ley Nº 19.325, sobre actos de violencia intrafamiliar.
+
+
+ En caso de que fuere un menor quien se encontrare de ordinario bajo
+la influencia del alcohol, el juez de letras de menores le aplicaraÌ? alguna
+de las medidas de proteccioÌ?n previstas en la Ley Nº 16.618, sobre menores,
+de conformidad al procedimiento establecido en ese cuerpo legal.".
+
+
+ 7) ReemplaÌ?zase los artiÌ?culos 120, 121 y 122 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 120.- Se prohibe la conduccioÌ?n de cualquier vehiÌ?culo o
+medio de transporte, la operacioÌ?n de cualquier tipo de maquinaria o el
+desempenÌ?o de las funciones de guardafrenos, cambiadores o controladores de
+traÌ?nsito, ejecutadas en estado de ebriedad o bajo la influencia del
+alcohol.
+
+
+ Para la determinacioÌ?n del estado de ebriedad del imputado o del hecho
+de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol, el tribunal podraÌ? considerar
+todos los medios de prueba, evaluando especialmente el estado general del
+imputado en relacioÌ?n con el control de sus sentidos, como tambieÌ?n el nivel
+de alcohol presente en el flujo sanguiÌ?neo y que conste en el informe de
+alcoholemia o en el resultado de la prueba respiratoria que hubiere sido
+practicada por Carabineros.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, se presumiraÌ? estado de ebriedad cuando
+el informe o prueba arroje una dosificacioÌ?n igual o superior a 0,8 gramo
+por mil de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo. Se entenderaÌ? que hay
+desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad aun respecto de los que, encontraÌ?ndose
+ebrios, fueren sorprendidos en circunstancias que hagan presumir que se
+aprestan a actuar en ese estado, o que acaban de hacerlo.
+
+
+ Se presumiraÌ? estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol
+cuando el informe o prueba arroje una dosificacioÌ?n superior a 0,5 e
+inferior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre.".
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 121.- La infraccioÌ?n de la prohibicioÌ?n establecida en el
+inciso primero del artiÌ?culo anterior, cuando la conduccioÌ?n, operacioÌ?n o
+desempenÌ?o fuere ejecutada en estado de ebriedad, seraÌ? sancionada con la
+pena de presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo y multa de dos a diez unidades
+tributarias mensuales, sea que no se ocasione danÌ?o alguno, o que con ello
+se causare danÌ?os materiales o lesiones leves.
+
+
+ Si a consecuencia de la conduccioÌ?n, operacioÌ?n o desempenÌ?o en estado
+de ebriedad antes senÌ?alada se causare lesiones graves o menos graves, se
+impondraÌ? la pena de presidio menor en su grado medio y multa de cuatro a
+doce unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Si se causare algunas de las lesiones indicadas en el artiÌ?culo 397
+Nº1 del CoÌ?digo Penal o la muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se impondraÌ?n las
+penas de presidio menor en su grado maÌ?ximo y multa de ocho a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ El tribunal, en todo caso, podraÌ? hacer uso de la facultad que le
+confiere el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 196 B de la ley N° 18.290, de
+TraÌ?nsito.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de huir del lugar donde se hubiere ejecutado la
+conducta delictiva, debidamente acreditada, seraÌ? apreciada por el juez como
+un hecho relevante para formar su conviccioÌ?n sobre la responsabilidad del
+imputado.
+
+
+ En los delitos previstos en este artiÌ?culo se aplicaraÌ? como pena
+accesoria la suspensioÌ?n de la licencia para conducir vehiÌ?culos motorizados
+por el teÌ?rmino de seis meses a un anÌ?o; de uno a dos anÌ?os, si se causaren
+lesiones menos graves o graves, y de dos a cuatro anÌ?os, si resultare la
+muerte. En caso de reincidencia, los plazos maÌ?ximos senÌ?alados en este
+inciso se elevaraÌ?n al doble, debiendo el juez decretar la cancelacioÌ?n de la
+licencia cuando estime que la conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos por parte del
+infractor ofrece peligro para el traÌ?nsito o la seguridad puÌ?blica, lo que
+fundaraÌ? en las anotaciones que registre la hoja de vida del conductor o en
+razones meÌ?dicas debidamente comprobadas.
+
+
+ Las medidas indicadas en el inciso precedente no podraÌ?n ser
+suspendidas. Sin embargo, cumplidos a lo menos seis anÌ?os desde que se
+canceloÌ? la licencia de conducir, el juez podraÌ? alzar esa medida cuando
+nuevos antecedentes permitan estimar fundadamente que ha desaparecido el
+peligro para el traÌ?nsito o la seguridad puÌ?blica que importaba la conduccioÌ?n
+de vehiÌ?culos motorizados por el infractor.
+
+
+ La persona que fuere sorprendida cometiendo alguna de las
+infracciones a que se refiere el inciso primero seraÌ? citada a comparecer
+ante la autoridad competente. La citacioÌ?n no obstaraÌ? a que, si procediere,
+sea conducida a un establecimiento hospitalario para la praÌ?ctica de los
+exaÌ?menes a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo siguiente, y se aplique lo previsto
+en el artiÌ?culo 114.
+
+
+ En los demaÌ?s casos, tambieÌ?n podraÌ? citarse al imputado si no fuere
+posible conducirlo inmediatamente ante el juez y el oficial a cargo del
+recinto policial considerare que existen suficientes garantiÌ?as de su
+oportuna comparecencia. Si no fuere asiÌ?, se le mantendraÌ? detenido para
+ponerlo a disposicioÌ?n del tribunal, el que podraÌ? decretar la presioÌ?n
+preventiva cuando procediere de acuerdo con las reglas generales.".
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 122.- Para los efectos previstos en los artiÌ?culos 190 de
+la ley Nº 18.290 y 120 y 121 de esta ley, Carabineros podraÌ? someter a una
+prueba respiratoria destinada a determinar la presencia de alcohol en la
+sangre o en el organismo, a toda persona que conduzca o se apreste a
+conducir un vehiÌ?culo en un lugar puÌ?blico. Ese examen se practicaraÌ? en todo
+caso, de conformidad a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la ley Nº
+18.290, al conductor y al peatoÌ?n que hubieren participado en un accidente
+de traÌ?nsito del que resultaren lesiones o muerte.
+
+
+ Si el resultado de la prueba respiratoria denota en el conductor un
+posible estado de ebriedad, se le practicaraÌ? el examen de alcoholemia a que
+se refiere el inciso siguiente. Si solamente indica que dicha persona se
+encuentra bajo la influencia del alcohol, se procederaÌ? de conformidad a lo
+dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 114, pero podraÌ? permitirse que se retire en el
+vehiÌ?culo bajo la responsabilidad de otra persona que se haga cargo de la
+conduccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Cuando fuere necesario someter a una persona a un examen cientiÌ?fico
+para determinar la dosificacioÌ?n de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo,
+los exaÌ?menes podraÌ?n practicarse en los lugares y por los funcionarios
+aludidos en el referido artiÌ?culo 190 de la ley Nº 18.290 o en cualquier
+establecimiento hospitalario expresamente habilitado por el Servicio MeÌ?dico
+Legal, el que podraÌ? impartir las instrucciones que deberaÌ?n ser cumplidas
+por todas las reparticiones indicadas, aun cuando ellas no dependan de este
+Servicio. El responsable del establecimiento arbitraraÌ? todas las medidas
+necesarias para que dichos exaÌ?menes se efectuÌ?en en forma expedita y para
+que los funcionarios de Carabineros empleen el menor tiempo posible en la
+custodia de los imputados que requieran la praÌ?ctica de los mismos.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de negarse el imputado a dicho examen seraÌ? apreciada
+por el juez como un antecedente de relevancia en la acreditacioÌ?n de su
+estado de ebriedad.".
+
+
+ 8) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 123 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 123.- Quienes, en la atencioÌ?n de los establecimientos de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas en el interior del
+local, las suministraren a personas en manifiesto estado de ebriedad, seraÌ?n
+sancionados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Con la misma pena seraÌ?n sancionadas las personas indicadas en el
+inciso precedente que vendan u obsequien bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los
+funcionarios fiscalizadores en servicio, para ser consumidas al interior
+del recinto.
+
+
+ Dicha cantidad podraÌ? imponerse doblada a los administradores o duenÌ?os
+de los establecimientos referidos, en caso que el suministro, en las
+condiciones mencionadas en los dos incisos precedentes, haya sido inducido
+por eÌ?stos."
+
+
+ "Articulo 123 bis.- En los negocios indicados en el artiÌ?culo 140 soÌ?lo
+se permitiraÌ? el suministro de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los menores de
+dieciocho anÌ?os, cuando concurran acompanÌ?ados de sus padres o representantes
+a los recintos destinados a comedores.
+
+
+ Quienes, en la atencioÌ?n de los establecimientos clasificados en el
+artiÌ?culo 140, vendan, proporcionen o suministren bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a
+menores de edad fuera de los casos mencionados en el inciso precedente,
+seraÌ?n sancionados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias
+mensuales.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, las personas indicadas en el inciso precedente se
+encuentran obligadas a exigir a sus consumidores, que aparentemente tengan
+menos de dieciocho anÌ?os, su ceÌ?dula de identidad u otro documento de
+identificacioÌ?n expedido por la autoridad puÌ?blica antes de suministrarles
+dichas bebidas. Quienes infrinjan esta disposicioÌ?n seraÌ?n castigados con una
+multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Las multas podraÌ?n imponerse dobladas a los administradores o duenÌ?os
+de los establecimientos referidos, en caso que el suministro en las
+condiciones mencionadas haya sido inducido directamente por eÌ?stos.".
+
+
+ 9) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 124 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 124.- Los que vuelvan a incurrir en las infracciones del
+artiÌ?culo anterior seraÌ?n sancionados con el doble de la multa aplicada a la
+primera infraccioÌ?n. La tercera transgresioÌ?n se sancionaraÌ? con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento, a menos que se acredite la ausencia de
+responsabilidad en el duenÌ?o o administrador del establecimiento.
+
+
+ Para aplicar esta disposicioÌ?n se consideraraÌ?n las infracciones
+cometidas en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses anteriores a la que dio lugar al
+procedimiento, aun cuando no hubiere recaiÌ?do sobre ellas sentencia
+condenatoria firme en virtud de haber decretado el tribunal la suspensioÌ?n
+condicional del procedimiento.".
+
+
+ 10) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 127 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 127. La madre de los hijos menores del imputado o la
+persona que los tuviere a su cargo podraÌ? solicitar al tribunal que esteÌ?
+conociendo de una infraccioÌ?n por ebriedad cometida por quien ya hubiere
+sido condenado por ese mismo hecho, que ordene que se les entregue hasta el
+cincuenta por ciento de las remuneraciones de eÌ?ste a tiÌ?tulo de alimentos
+provisorios, si concurrieren los requisitos legales.
+
+
+ El tribunal resolveraÌ? con la sola audiencia del infractor y la
+agregacioÌ?n de la prueba que estimare necesaria. Si acogiere la solicitud,
+dispondraÌ? la retencioÌ?n y entrega de remuneraciones a sus beneficiarios en
+la misma resolucioÌ?n que condene nuevamente al infractor; fijaraÌ? la duracioÌ?n
+de la medida, que podraÌ? extenderse hasta por el plazo maÌ?ximo de un anÌ?o, y
+ordenaraÌ? que, una vez ejecutoriado el fallo, copia de eÌ?l y de sus
+antecedentes se enviÌ?en al respectivo juez de letras de menores.
+
+
+ Lo previsto en este artiÌ?culo se aplicaraÌ? sin perjuicio de lo que
+resuelva el competente juez de letras de menores al conocer la solicitud a
+que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 26, Nº 3), de la ley Nº 16.618.".
+
+
+ 11) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 128.
+
+
+ 12) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 130 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 130.- En todos los establecimientos educacionales, sean de
+ensenÌ?anza parvularia, baÌ?sica o media, se estimularaÌ? la formacioÌ?n de haÌ?bitos
+de vida saludable y el desarrollo de factores protectores contra el abuso
+del alcohol.
+
+
+ Con el objeto de contribuir a la finalidad prevista en el inciso
+precedente, el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n proporcionaraÌ? material didaÌ?ctico a
+los establecimientos educacionales de menores recursos y capacitaraÌ?
+docentes en la prevencioÌ?n del alcoholismo.
+
+
+ Se prohibe la venta, suministro o consumo de toda clase de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas en los establecimientos educacionales.
+
+
+ No obstante lo dispuesto en el inciso anterior, la direccioÌ?n del
+respectivo establecimiento, a solicitud del centro general de padres y
+apoderados o con la aprobacioÌ?n de eÌ?ste, podraÌ? autorizar que se proporcione
+y consuma bebidas alcohoÌ?licas durante Fiestas Patrias o actividades de
+beneficencia que se realicen hasta por tres veces en cada anÌ?o calendario,
+de lo cual se daraÌ? aviso previo a Carabineros y a la respectiva
+Municipalidad. Esta autorizacioÌ?n no se concederaÌ? durante el anÌ?o escolar en
+establecimientos que cuenten con internado. La direccioÌ?n del
+establecimiento velaraÌ? por el correcto uso de la autorizacioÌ?n concedida y
+porque la realizacioÌ?n de la actividad no afecte de manera alguna el normal
+desarrollo de las actividades educacionales.
+
+
+ Una comisioÌ?n interministerial, compuesta por representantes de los
+Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo y PrevisioÌ?n Social, estaraÌ?
+encargada de implementar y fomentar programas de prevencioÌ?n del abuso de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser impartidos en empresas, servicios puÌ?blicos y
+municipalidades, y de arbitrar las medidas y efectuar los estudios
+necesarios para evaluar sus resultados.".
+
+
+ 13) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 131 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 131. El que incurriere en alguna de las infracciones
+descrita en los artiÌ?culos precedentes que estuviere sancionada soÌ?lo con
+multa y careciere de medios econoÌ?micos para pagarla, si en la comuna
+existiere la posibilidad de efectuar trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad,
+podraÌ? solicitar al tribunal, que, una vez ejecutoriada la sentencia, le
+conmute la multa en todo o en parte por la realizacioÌ?n del trabajo que el
+infractor elija de entre aquellos que se le ofrezca.
+
+
+ El tiempo que duraraÌ? estos trabajos quedaraÌ? determinado reduciendo el
+monto de la multa a diÌ?as, a razoÌ?n de un diÌ?a por cada quinto de unidad
+tributaria mensual, los que podraÌ?n fraccionarse en horas para no afectar la
+jornada laboral o escolar que tuviere el infractor, entendieÌ?ndose que el
+diÌ?a comprende ocho horas laborales. Los trabajos se efectuaraÌ?n durante un
+maÌ?ximo de ocho horas a la semana y podraÌ?n incluir diÌ?as saÌ?bado y feriados.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que otorgue la conmutacioÌ?n deberaÌ? senÌ?alar expresamente
+el tipo de trabajo, el lugar donde deba realizarse, su duracioÌ?n y la
+persona o institucioÌ?n encargada de controlar su cumplimiento. La falta de
+cumplimiento cabal y oportuno del trabajo elegido dejaraÌ? sin efecto la
+conmutacioÌ?n por el solo ministerio de la ley y deberaÌ? pagarse la multa
+primitivamente aplicada o cumplirse la reclusioÌ?n nocturna, a menos que el
+juez, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, adopte otra decisioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ 14) En el artiÌ?culo 132, sustituÌ?yese en el inciso segundo la frase "un
+quinto de sueldo vital mensual" por "una a tres unidades tributarias
+mensuales"; reemplaÌ?zase en el inciso final la oracioÌ?n "las respectivas
+TesoreriÌ?as Comunales" por "la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica", y
+sustituÌ?yese en el mismo inciso final la expresioÌ?n "recauden las TesoreriÌ?as
+Comunales" por "recaude TesoreriÌ?a".
+
+
+ 15) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo 134 la palabra "secuestrados" por
+"internados".
+
+
+ 16) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 135.
+
+
+ 17) SustituÌ?yese en el artiÌ?culo 136 los vocablos "21 anÌ?os" por "18
+anÌ?os".
+
+
+ 18) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 139 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 139.- Todos los establecimientos que expendan,
+proporcionen, distribuyan o mantengan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, estaraÌ?n sujetos
+a la vigilancia e inspeccioÌ?n de Carabineros de Chile y de los inspectores
+municipales y fiscales.
+
+
+ El que estorbe o impida la entrada de los mencionados funcionarios,
+incluidos los duenÌ?os, administradores o empleados de dichos
+establecimientos, seraÌ? castigado con multa de una a cinco unidades
+tributarias mensuales. La segunda vez que incurra en esta infraccioÌ?n seraÌ?
+penado con el doble de la multa, y la tercera, con el triple de la multa
+con que hubiere sido sancionado la primera vez y la clausura definitiva del
+establecimiento. Con todo, no procederaÌ? la clausura si se acredita la
+ausencia de responsabilidad en el duenÌ?o o administrador del
+establecimiento.
+
+
+ Los tribunales competentes podraÌ?n autorizar la entrada y registro de
+inmuebles para fiscalizar el cumplimiento de esta ley. Si de los
+antecedentes proporcionados se desprenden indicios de que en la propiedad
+cuyo registro se solicita se venden, proporcionan o distribuyen
+clandestinamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, se llevaraÌ? a cabo de inmediato tal
+diligencia, con el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica.".
+
+
+ 19) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 140 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 140.- Todos los establecimientos de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+quedaraÌ?n clasificados dentro de las siguientes categoriÌ?as y tendraÌ?n las
+caracteriÌ?sticas que se senÌ?alan:
+
+
+ A) DEPOÌ?SITOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, para ser consumidas fuera del
+local de venta o de sus dependencias.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ B) HOTELES, ANEXOS DE HOTELES, CASAS DE PENSIOÌ?N O RESIDENCIALES:
+
+
+ a) Hotel y anexo de hotel, en el que se preste servicio de hospedaje
+y alimentacioÌ?n. El expendio deberaÌ? realizarse en las dependencias
+destinadas para tales efectos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,7 UTM.
+
+
+ b) Casas de pensioÌ?n o residenciales, que proporcionen alojamiento y
+comida, principalmente por meses. El expendio se haraÌ? exclusivamente a los
+alojados, en las horas de almuerzo o de comida y soÌ?lo en los comedores.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,6 UTM.
+
+
+ C) RESTAURANTES DIURNOS O NOCTURNOS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas a los clientes que concurran a ingerir alimentos preparados.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1,2 UTM.
+
+
+ D) CABAREÌ?S O PENÌ?AS FOLCLOÌ?RICAS:
+
+
+ a) CabareÌ?s, con espectaÌ?culos artiÌ?sticos y expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3,5 UTM.
+
+
+ b) PenÌ?as folcloÌ?ricas, destinadas a difundir el folclore nacional, con
+venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3 UTM.
+
+
+ E) CANTINAS, BARES, PUBS Y TABERNAS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas y venta de comida raÌ?pida.
+
+ Valor Patente: 2 UTM.
+
+
+ F) ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE EXPENDIO DE CERVEZA O SIDRA DE FRUTAS, que
+podraÌ?n funcionar en forma aislada o junto a pasteleriÌ?as, fuentes de soda u
+otros anaÌ?logos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,5 UTM.
+
+
+ G) QUINTAS DE RECREO O SERVICIOS AL AUTO, que reuÌ?nan las condiciones
+de bar, restaurante y cabareÌ?, pero con playa de estacionamiento de
+automoÌ?viles para sus clientes.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3,5 UTM.
+
+
+ H) SUPERMERCADOS O MINIMERCADOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, que
+funcionaraÌ?n anexos a supermercados de comestibles y en los cuales se podraÌ?
+expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas envasadas al por mayor o al detalle, para ser
+consumidas fuera del local de venta, sus dependencias y estacionamientos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1,5 UTM.
+
+
+ I) HOTELES, HOSTERIÌ?AS, MOTELES O RESTAURANTES DE TURISMO:
+
+
+ a) Hotel de turismo, en que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje, sin perjuicio de otros servicios complementarios, y que
+comprende las patentes de hotel, restaurante, cantina y cabareÌ?.
+
+ Valor Patente: 5 UTM.
+
+
+ b) HosteriÌ?a de turismo, en la que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje y alimentacioÌ?n, con expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 3 UTM.
+
+
+ c) Motel de turismo, en el que se proporciona servicio de hospedaje
+en unidades habitacionales independientes o aisladas entre siÌ?, dotadas de
+elementos que permitan la preparacioÌ?n de comidas.
+
+ Valor Patente: 2 UTM.
+
+
+ d) Restaurante de turismo, que comprende las patentes de restaurante,
+cantina y cabareÌ?.
+
+ Valor Patente: 4 UTM.
+
+
+ J) BODEGAS ELABORADORAS O DISTRIBUIDORAS DE VINOS, LICORES O CERVEZA
+que expendan al por mayor.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1,5 UTM.
+
+
+ K) CASAS IMPORTADORAS DE VINOS O LICORES, destinadas a la venta al
+por mayor de vinos y licores importados.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,5 UTM.
+
+
+ L) AGENCIAS DE VINÌ?AS O DE INDUSTRIAS DE LICORES ESTABLECIDAS FUERA DE
+LA COMUNA, que vendan, por intermedio de comisionistas o de corredores,
+vinos o licores en representacioÌ?n y por cuenta de una o maÌ?s vinÌ?as o de una
+o maÌ?s faÌ?bricas de licores o de ambas, siempre que eÌ?stas se encuentren
+ubicadas fuera de la comuna donde el agente ejerce su actividad.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ M) CIRCULOS O CLUBES SOCIALES CON PERSONALIDAD JURIDICA, con expendio
+de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y alimentos.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ N) INSTITUCIONES DE CARACTER DEPORTIVO O CULTURAL, con personalidad
+juriÌ?dica, siempre que tengan patente de restaurante.
+
+ Valor Patente: 1 UTM.
+
+
+ NÌ?) SALONES DE TE O CAFETERIAS, en los que se permitiraÌ? tambieÌ?n el
+expendio de cerveza, de sidra y de vino, siempre que vengan envasados.
+
+ Valor Patente: 0,5 UTM.
+
+
+ O) SALONES DE BAILE O DISCOTECAS, en los cuales soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ?
+baile con muÌ?sica grabada u orquestas, sin representaciones con nuÌ?meros en
+vivo.
+
+ Valor Patente: 2 UTM.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de esta ley se entenderaÌ? por venta o expendio al por
+mayor, el realizado en cantidades no inferiores a 200 litros, si se trata
+de venta a granel, o de 48 botellas, cajas, latas u otras unidades de
+consumo si la venta es de bebidas envasadas.
+
+
+ Para la determinacioÌ?n del equivalente en pesos de las patentes
+establecidas en esta ley, se estaraÌ? al valor de la unidad tributaria
+mensual a la fecha de su pago efectivo y no se consideraraÌ? el sistema de
+reajustabilidad establecido en el artiÌ?culo 59 del decreto ley Nº3.063 del
+anÌ?o 1979.".
+
+
+ 20) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 144 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 144.- Las patentes se concederaÌ?n en la forma que determina
+esta ley, sin perjuicio de la aplicacioÌ?n de las normas de la Ley de Rentas
+Municipales y de la ley Nº 18.695, en lo que fueren pertinentes.
+
+
+ El valor de las patentes deberaÌ? ser pagado por semestres anticipados,
+en los meses de enero y julio de cada anÌ?o.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas no podraÌ?n
+funcionar sin que hayan pagado previamente la patente que corresponda, ni
+podraÌ?n continuar funcionando sin tenerla al diÌ?a, salvo que este hecho no
+fuere imputable al deudor y lo probare documentalmente, circunstancias que
+corresponderaÌ? apreciar al alcalde.
+
+
+ El infractor de esta disposicioÌ?n sufriraÌ? una multa de diez unidades
+tributarias mensuales, que se aumentaraÌ?n a veinte, si persistiere. Si,
+aplicada la segunda multa, el infractor no pagare la patente que lo
+habilita para expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ? sancionado con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento y con la caducidad de la patente.".
+
+
+ 21) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 146.
+
+
+ 22) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 147 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 147.- En cada comuna, las patentes indicadas en las letras
+A, E y F del artiÌ?culo 140 no podraÌ?n exceder, en ninguÌ?n caso, la proporcioÌ?n
+de un establecimiento por cada 600 habitantes.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas en cada comuna, distribuidas dentro
+de las diversas categoriÌ?as senÌ?aladas en el inciso anterior, seraÌ? fijado
+cada tres anÌ?os por el intendente regional, previo informe del alcalde, con
+acuerdo del concejo, tomando como base el nuÌ?mero de habitantes que senÌ?ale
+el Instituto Nacional de EstadiÌ?sticas.
+
+
+ Con el objeto de dar cumplimiento a los incisos precedentes, y, en su
+caso, de reducir el nuÌ?mero de patentes a la nueva cantidad que se fijare de
+acuerdo a esas disposiciones si fuere menor a la existente, las
+municipalidades no renovaraÌ?n las patentes otorgadas a los establecimientos
+respectivos cuando sean definitivamente clausurados por infraccioÌ?n a esta
+ley o a disposiciones municipales, ni aplicaraÌ?n el procedimiento de remate
+que se regula en los incisos siguientes, de modo tal que las patentes
+limitadas caduquen cuando no sean pagadas dentro de los plazos legales
+hasta que se alcance el nuÌ?mero de ellas que se hubiere previsto.
+
+
+ Las patentes limitadas que no hubieren sido pagadas en su oportunidad
+legal se remataraÌ?n al mejor postor, a beneficio de la municipalidad
+respectiva, y seraÌ?n adjudicadas por un valor que no podraÌ? ser inferior al
+miÌ?nimo de su clasificacioÌ?n, maÌ?s los derechos de inspeccioÌ?n y reajuste que
+correspondan.
+
+
+ Los remates se efectuaraÌ?n quince diÌ?as despueÌ?s de haberse levantado el
+acta correspondiente.
+
+
+ Los postores deberaÌ?n cancelar, ademaÌ?s del precio de la subasta, el
+semestre vencido de la patente, maÌ?s los intereses penales que se hubieren
+devengado.".
+
+
+ 23) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 149.
+
+
+ 24) ElimiÌ?nase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 150 la frase "en
+conformidad a lo que dispone el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 140", pasando
+la coma (,) que la precede a ser punto final.
+
+
+ 25) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 153 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 153.- La municipalidad determinaraÌ?, en su respectivo plano
+regulador, o a traveÌ?s de ordenanza municipal, las zonas de su territorio en
+las que podraÌ?n instalarse cantinas, bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s y locales de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo
+local.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, no concederaÌ? patentes para que funcionen en
+conjuntos habitacionales a aquellos establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas que determine mediante ordenanza municipal.
+
+
+ Para los efectos previstos en los incisos anteriores, la
+municipalidad oiraÌ? a Carabineros dentro del plazo que determine.
+
+
+ Tampoco se concederaÌ? patentes para el funcionamiento de cantinas,
+bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s, botilleriÌ?as y locales de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, que esteÌ?n
+ubicados a menos de cien metros de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n, de salud
+o penitenciarios, de recintos militares o policiales, de terminales y
+garitas de la movilizacioÌ?n colectiva. La municipalidad podraÌ? excluir de
+esta prohibicioÌ?n a los hoteles o restaurantes de turismo.
+
+
+ La distancia se mediraÌ? entre los extremos maÌ?s proÌ?ximos de los
+respectivos establecimientos, tomando la liÌ?nea de acceso principal maÌ?s
+corta, por aceras, calles y espacios de uso puÌ?blico.".
+
+
+ 26) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 154 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 154.- Se prohibe el consumo de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en
+calles, plazas, paseos y demaÌ?s lugares de uso puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ La infraccioÌ?n de lo dispuesto en este artiÌ?culo seraÌ? sancionada con
+multa de un cuarto de unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de la citacioÌ?n que se extenderaÌ? al infractor para que
+comparezca ante el tribunal a fin de responder por la falta cometida, aqueÌ?l
+podraÌ? consignar de inmediato el valor de la multa ante el jefe de la unidad
+policial, quien daraÌ? cuenta al juzgado competente de las citaciones
+cursadas y el dinero recaudado dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ Si fuere un menor de dieciocho anÌ?os quien estuviere consumiendo
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ? devuelto a sus padres o guardadores, bajo
+apercibimiento de que, si volviere a incurrir en esa conducta o cometiere
+la descrita en el artiÌ?culo 113, seraÌ? puesto a disposicioÌ?n del juzgado de
+letras de menores.
+
+
+ Si nuevamente se encontrare al menor cometiendo esta infraccioÌ?n o la
+prevista en el artiÌ?culo 113, el juzgado de letras de menores le aplicaraÌ? la
+medida de proteccioÌ?n que proceda de conformidad a la ley.".
+
+
+ 27) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 157 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 157. Todos los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, a excepcioÌ?n de hoteles y casas de pensioÌ?n, deben estar
+absolutamente independientes de la casa habitacioÌ?n del comerciante o de
+cualquiera otra persona.".
+
+
+ 28) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 158 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 158.- Las bebidas alcohoÌ?licas expendidas por los depoÌ?sitos
+de bebidas no podraÌ?n ser consumidas en lugares anexos a ellos o ubicados a
+una distancia menor de cien metros y de los cuales sea propietario,
+arrendatario o administrador el duenÌ?o del respectivo establecimiento.".
+
+
+ 29) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 159 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 159.- Se prohibe la venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en los
+minimercados situados en estaciones de expendio de combustible; en los
+campos y recintos destinados a espectaÌ?culos deportivos, salvo que se
+efectuÌ?e en recintos delimitados que tengan patente de restaurante o ciÌ?rculo
+o club social con personalidad juriÌ?dica; en las viÌ?as, plazas y paseos
+puÌ?blicos; en los teatros, circos y demaÌ?s centros y lugares de espectaÌ?culos
+o diversiones puÌ?blicas que no paguen patente de cabareÌ?; como tambieÌ?n en las
+estaciones ferroviarias, en los trenes y demaÌ?s vehiÌ?culos de transporte,
+salvo que se haga en forma localizada.".
+
+
+ 30) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 160 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 160.- El Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, cuando sea previsible
+que el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en determinada localidad o comuna
+pudiere contribuir a alteraciones graves del orden puÌ?blico, podraÌ?
+restringirlo fundadamente hasta que desaparezcan los motivos que provocaren
+esa decisioÌ?n, la que en todo caso no podraÌ? tener una duracioÌ?n superior a
+treinta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Las personas que introduzcan o expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en una
+zona declarada seca seraÌ?n sancionadas con las penas que el artiÌ?culo 168
+contempla para el expendio clandestino, sin perjuicio de que el tribunal
+ordene la clausura inmediata del establecimiento que tuvieren a su cargo
+hasta por el teÌ?rmino del periÌ?odo fijado por el Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica.".
+
+
+ 31) SupriÌ?mese el artiÌ?culo 161.
+
+
+ 32) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 163.
+
+
+ 33) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 164 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 164.- Los supermercados, almacenes y establecimientos
+afines que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+local, deberaÌ?n aislar el aÌ?rea de expendio de estos productos para dar
+cumplimiento al horario fijado por la Municipalidad respectiva, pudiendo
+continuar con el funcionamiento del resto del local, si asiÌ? lo desean.".
+
+
+ 34) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 166:
+
+
+ a) SupriÌ?mese en el nuÌ?mero 1 la palabra "municipales" y la coma que la
+antecede.
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 5 por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "5.- Los consejeros regionales y los concejales, y".
+
+
+ c) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "DireccioÌ?n General
+de Carabineros" por "respectiva Prefectura de Carabineros".
+
+
+ 35) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 167:
+
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase el encabezamiento por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 167.- La municipalidad respectiva deberaÌ? suspender la
+autorizacioÌ?n de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los establecimientos que
+se encuentren en los casos siguientes:".
+
+
+ b) IntercaÌ?lase en el nuÌ?mero 1, a continuacioÌ?n de las palabras
+"concedida por error", la frase "o transferida a cualquier tiÌ?tulo", entre
+comas.
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2 las palabras "salubridad e higiene" por
+"salubridad, higiene y seguridad".
+
+
+ 36) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 168:
+
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "un octavo a un
+sueldo vital" por "cinco a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el inciso tercero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La segunda vez que se incurra en esta conducta la sancioÌ?n seraÌ? una
+multa de igual monto, comiso de las bebidas y utensilios y clausura del
+establecimiento cuando corresponda. La tercera transgresioÌ?n se castigaraÌ?,
+ademaÌ?s, con prisioÌ?n inconmutable de veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as.", y
+
+
+ c) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso final por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Las bebidas y utensilios seraÌ?n retenidos por Carabineros en el
+momento de sorprenderse la infraccioÌ?n, para ser puestos a disposicioÌ?n del
+oÌ?rgano encargado de la investigacioÌ?n de tales conductas punibles.".
+
+
+ 37) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 169:
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso cuarto por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a cualquier establecimiento no
+autorizado para venderlas seraÌ? sancionada con multa de quince a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales. Con la misma pena se sancionaraÌ? a los
+distribuidores, si conocieren o no pudieren menos que conocer el destino de
+la mercaderiÌ?a. El vehiÌ?culo y cualquier otro medio utilizado para cometer
+esta infraccioÌ?n seraÌ? retenido por Carabineros y devuelto una vez que se
+deposite en la unidad policial respectiva el valor equivalente al miÌ?nimo de
+la multa y sus recargos.".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso quinto la expresioÌ?n "15 a 30 sueldos
+vitales" por "diez a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+ 38) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo 170 la palabra "negocio" por
+"establecimiento".
+
+
+ 39) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 171:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese la expresioÌ?n "tres sueldos vitales" por "diez a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+ b) ReemplaÌ?zase las oraciones "a los Regidores que hayan concurrido
+con su voto favorable al respectivo acuerdo y al Alcalde cuando concurra
+con su voto o no representare el acuerdo ilegal", por "al alcalde".
+
+
+ 40) DeroÌ?gase los incisos quinto, sexto y seÌ?ptimo del artiÌ?culo 172.
+
+
+ 41) IntercaÌ?lase el siguiente artiÌ?culo 172 bis:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 172 bis.- Los establecimientos clausurados definitivamente
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n reabrirse para el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas por distinto
+duenÌ?o y con otra patente.
+
+
+ Igual regla se aplicaraÌ? a los negocios clausurados temporalmente,
+para reabrirlos antes de terminarse el plazo senÌ?alado a la clausura.
+
+
+ El propietario del inmueble podraÌ? solicitar el alzamiento de la
+clausura, cuando acredite que lo destinaraÌ? a otros usos.
+
+
+ En todo caso, para el alzamiento se requeriraÌ? orden judicial.
+
+
+ La violacioÌ?n de la clausura temporal seraÌ? castigada con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento, y la violacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta con prisioÌ?n en su
+grado medio a maÌ?ximo inconmutable. En ambos casos caeraÌ?n en comiso las
+bebidas.".
+
+
+ 42) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 173, a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n
+"Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes,", lo siguiente: "del
+alcalde o del concejo municipal,".
+
+
+ 43) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 176 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 176.- Las bebidas y elementos retenidos seraÌ?n depositados
+en los lugares que, a requerimiento del oÌ?rgano encargado de la
+investigacioÌ?n de las conductas punibles, deberaÌ?n proveer las
+municipalidades. Los comisos seraÌ?n vendidos en subasta puÌ?blica por el
+funcionario del respectivo tribunal o el martillero puÌ?blico que designe el
+juez. Su producto, una vez deducidos los gastos del remate, se ingresaraÌ? en
+la tesoreriÌ?a regional o provincial correspondiente, para ser depositado en
+una cuenta especial que llevaraÌ? la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Los recursos mencionados deberaÌ?n ser destinados a los programas de
+prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n establecidos en esta ley.
+
+
+ SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n concurrir como postores al remate los comerciantes de
+alcoholes que tengan su patente al diÌ?a.".
+
+
+ 44) DeroÌ?ganse los artiÌ?culos 178 a 181.
+
+
+ 45) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 182 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 182.- Los creÌ?ditos resultantes de las responsabilidades
+pecuniarias procedentes de las infracciones de esta ley gozaraÌ?n del
+privilegio que para los impuestos fiscales otorgan las reglas de prelacioÌ?n
+de creÌ?ditos del CoÌ?digo Civil sobre los establecimientos y sus anexos y
+sobre las mercaderiÌ?as existentes.
+
+
+ En caso de transferencia, a cualquier tiÌ?tulo, de un establecimiento
+de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, el nuevo propietario seraÌ?
+solidariamente responsable con el vendedor de las obligaciones pecuniarias
+provenientes de las infracciones, en la forma establecida en el inciso
+anterior.".
+
+
+ 46) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 185.
+
+
+ 47) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 186 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 186.- Los delegados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley
+de Alcoholes percibiraÌ?n, por sus actuaciones en las causas por infraccioÌ?n
+de las disposiciones de esta ley, un honorario uÌ?nico equivalente al 10% del
+total de las sumas que ingresen por concepto de multas, honorario que se
+pagaraÌ? mensualmente al interesado por la tesoreriÌ?a respectiva.
+
+
+ Del saldo, el 40% se destinaraÌ? a los Servicios de Salud para el
+financiamiento y mantencioÌ?n de los programas de rehabilitacioÌ?n de personas
+alcohoÌ?licas, y el 60% a las municipalidades, para el financiamiento y
+mantencioÌ?n de los programas de prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n de personas
+alcohoÌ?licas.".
+
+
+ 48) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 188 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 188.- Para los efectos de determinar el equivalente en
+pesos de las multas que establece esta ley, se estaraÌ? al valor de la unidad
+tributaria mensual a la fecha de su pago efectivo.
+
+
+ Aplicada una multa, el tribunal no podraÌ? dejarla en suspenso ni
+rebajarla, salvo que se acredite haber incurrido en un error de hecho en la
+apreciacioÌ?n de la prueba.".
+
+
+ 49) AgreÌ?gase los siguientes artiÌ?culos 1º a 7º transitorios, nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio.- La nueva proporcioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero de
+establecimientos afectos a patentes limitadas que se senÌ?ala en el inciso
+primero del artiÌ?culo 140 no afectaraÌ? a los que se encuentren en
+funcionamiento y cumplieren todos los requisitos preexistentes.
+
+
+ Asimismo, los establecimientos que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para
+ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, que quedaren comprendidos dentro
+de una zona del territorio comunal en la que tales establecimientos no
+podraÌ?n instalarse en lo sucesivo por la entrada en vigencia de un plano
+regulador, modificacioÌ?n del plano regulador u ordenanza municipal que asiÌ?
+lo establezca, de conformidad a lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 153, tampoco se
+veraÌ?n afectados por esa nueva disposicioÌ?n, siempre que a esa fecha
+cumplieren todos los requisitos exigidos para su funcionamiento.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de ello, si el nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas que se
+hubiere otorgado excediere la nueva proporcioÌ?n, tales patentes no podraÌ?n
+transferirse ni se renovaraÌ?n, y seraÌ?n canceladas en caso de teÌ?rmino de
+giro, clausura definitiva del establecimiento, falta de pago de la patente
+o cualquiera otra circunstancia que obste al funcionamiento del
+establecimiento respectivo, hasta que se alcance el nuÌ?mero de ellas que
+correspondiere. De igual forma se procederaÌ? con las patentes en la zona en
+que no pueden instalarse establecimientos de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, hasta la completa extincioÌ?n de las patentes otorgadas con
+anterioridad.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º transitorio.- Las reglas contenidas en los artiÌ?culos
+transitorios siguientes se aplicaraÌ?n a los procesos que se inicien por
+infraccioÌ?n a las normas de esta ley, por hechos ocurridos desde la fecha de
+su publicacioÌ?n y hasta que entre en vigencia el nuevo CoÌ?digo Procesal
+Penal, oportunidad a partir de la cual los nuevos procesos que se incoen,
+por hechos acaecidos desde la fecha de vigencia del citado CoÌ?digo, se
+tramitaraÌ?n conforme a las reglas generales que para faltas y simples
+delitos de accioÌ?n puÌ?blica aqueÌ?l establezca.
+
+
+ En ambos casos las causas que se hallaren en tramitacioÌ?n continuaraÌ?n
+ventilaÌ?ndose, hasta su terminacioÌ?n, con sujecioÌ?n a las normas vigentes al
+momento de su inicio y ante el tribunal en que se hallaren radicadas.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º transitorio.- Los agentes de la policiÌ?a que sorprendan
+infracciones o contravenciones de esta ley deberaÌ?n denunciarlas al juzgado
+competente.
+
+
+ Igual deber tendraÌ?n los inspectores fiscales y municipales que
+sorprendan infracciones o contravenciones que sean de competencia de los
+jueces de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ Una copia de los partes o denuncias que remitan a los tribunales
+deberaÌ? enviarse oportunamente al abogado o a los delegados del Departamento
+de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ El Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes podraÌ? denunciar al
+tribunal las infracciones que comprobare y las que sean puestas en su
+conocimiento por los intendentes, gobernadores, alcaldes y concejales, los
+directores de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n, las juntas de vecinos y otras
+entidades de caraÌ?cter social, de beneficencia y de asistencia y proteccioÌ?n
+de menores en situacioÌ?n irregular.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º transitorio.- El tribunal pondraÌ? en conocimiento del
+inculpado el parte o denuncia y lo interrogaraÌ? de acuerdo con su contenido.
+
+
+ En caso de que el inculpado reconociere ante el tribunal su
+participacioÌ?n en los hechos denunciados y se allanare a la sancioÌ?n que el
+mismo tribunal le advirtiere que establece la ley para estos casos, se
+aplicaraÌ? a eÌ?ste la pena inmediatamente inferior a la que corresponda y se
+dictaraÌ? sentencia definitiva de inmediato, la que no seraÌ? susceptible de
+recurso alguno.
+
+
+ Se entenderaÌ? comprobado el hecho denunciado con las aseveraciones
+contenidas en el respectivo parte o denuncia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º transitorio.- Si el inculpado negare los cargos que se
+le formulan, el juez lo dejaraÌ? citado para una audiencia determinada.
+
+
+ Los delegados y abogados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de
+Alcoholes figuraraÌ?n en las causas como parte, sin necesidad de formular
+querella.
+
+
+ En lo demaÌ?s, se seguiraÌ?n las reglas sobre procedimiento ante los
+juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º transitorio.- Cuando se tratare de investigar uÌ?nicamente
+los delitos a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 121, la causa se tramitaraÌ? de
+acuerdo con las reglas establecidas en el TiÌ?tulo I del Libro Tercero del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal. Las indemnizaciones civiles podraÌ?n
+reclamarse en el mismo proceso, tan pronto como quede ejecutoriado el
+fallo, conforme a las reglas del juicio sumario, sin que tenga aplicacioÌ?n
+lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 681 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ Si se causaren lesiones menos graves o graves o se ocasionare la
+muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se aplicaraÌ?n las normas del Libro Segundo del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, con las modificaciones que se mencionan a
+continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ a) SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n querellarse el ofendido con el delito y el
+perjudicado, en su caso. No seraÌ? necesario ratificar la querella, pero el
+juez podraÌ? tomar declaracioÌ?n al querellante, si asiÌ? conviniere al
+esclarecimiento de los hechos.
+
+
+ b) No podraÌ?n acumularse estas causas sino con aquellas en las que se
+investiguen otros delitos sancionados en el artiÌ?culo 121 o cuasidelitos
+cometidos con ocasioÌ?n de los mismos hechos. Las causas acumuladas se
+tramitaraÌ?n por el procedimiento senÌ?alado en este artiÌ?culo cuando comprendan
+soÌ?lo los delitos sancionados por desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad.
+
+
+ c) El sumario seraÌ? puÌ?blico, salvo que el juez, por razones fundadas,
+determine que deben mantenerse en secreto las actuaciones que se
+practiquen. La duracioÌ?n del secreto del sumario no podraÌ? exceder de veinte
+diÌ?as. El Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes podraÌ? siempre
+imponerse de las actuaciones del proceso.
+
+
+ d) El juez deberaÌ? recabar el extracto de filiacioÌ?n y antecedentes del
+detenido y el certificado de las anotaciones que consten en el Registro
+Nacional de Conductores, una vez que el imputado preste la declaracioÌ?n
+indagatoria.
+
+
+ OrdenaraÌ?, asimismo, la retencioÌ?n de la licencia de conducir, la que
+no seraÌ? devuelta hasta que, basado en antecedentes calificados del proceso,
+el juez estime que de la conduccioÌ?n no se derivaraÌ? ninguÌ?n peligro para la
+seguridad de las personas o para el traÌ?nsito puÌ?blico. En ninguÌ?n caso este
+beneficio podraÌ? otorgarse al reincidente. Mientras dure esta medida no
+podraÌ? otorgarse permisos provisorios para conducir, y el periodo por el que
+se extienda se imputaraÌ? a la pena accesoria de suspensioÌ?n de la licencia.
+
+
+ e) Cuando el tribunal lo estime suficiente, podraÌ? solicitar el
+dictamen de un solo perito sobre cualquiera de los puntos comprendidos en
+la investigacioÌ?n, el que deberaÌ? expedirlo verbalmente, mediante una
+declaracioÌ?n en la causa, o por escrito, seguÌ?n lo determine el juez. El
+tribunal podraÌ? dar valor de plena prueba a dicho informe.
+
+
+ f) Si, como consecuencia del manejo en estado de ebriedad, resultaren
+lesiones menos graves o graves o la muerte de alguna persona, las
+autoridades policiales procederaÌ?n a poner el vehiÌ?culo a disposicioÌ?n del
+tribunal.
+
+
+ Cuando existieren presunciones fundadas de culpabilidad, el juez
+podraÌ? ordenar la retencioÌ?n judicial del vehiÌ?culo hasta que se caucionen las
+responsabilidades civiles.
+
+
+ g) SoÌ?lo seraÌ?n apelables:
+
+ 1º. Las resoluciones que nieguen la libertad provisional del
+inculpado o procesado;
+
+ 2º. El auto de procesamiento;
+
+ 3º. Las que se refieran a medidas adoptadas por el juez para
+garantizar la accioÌ?n civil. En estos casos, las apelaciones se concederaÌ?n
+siempre en lo devolutivo, sin que puedan entorpecer la marcha del proceso
+criminal, cualquiera que sea su estado;
+
+ 4º. La sentencia definitiva, y
+
+ 5º. El sobreseimiento temporal o definitivo.
+
+
+ Las causas en que se haya apelado de las resoluciones mencionadas en
+los nuÌ?meros 2º a 5º de esta regla se pondraÌ?n en lugar preferente en la
+tabla de la semana siguiente a la fecha de su ingreso al tribunal. El
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes tendraÌ? la obligacioÌ?n de
+activar la tramitacioÌ?n de las causas para los efectos del cumplimiento de
+esta disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En contra de las demaÌ?s resoluciones, seguÌ?n su naturaleza, soÌ?lo podraÌ?
+deducirse reposicioÌ?n dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ h) En los plazos establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 425 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, deberaÌ?n los querellantes y el delegado del
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes adherir a la acusacioÌ?n o
+acusar y los actores civiles presentar su demanda. Dichos plazos tendraÌ?n
+el caraÌ?cter de comunes para todas estas partes y correraÌ?n hasta el
+vencimiento del teÌ?rmino concedido al uÌ?ltimo de los notificados.
+
+
+ El plazo de diez diÌ?as para contestar la acusacioÌ?n y la accioÌ?n civil
+seraÌ? tambieÌ?n uÌ?nico y comuÌ?n para todos los procesados y demandados civiles;
+se aumentaraÌ? en la forma prevista en el artiÌ?culo 425 del mismo CoÌ?digo, y
+correraÌ? desde la uÌ?ltima notificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El expediente, libros y piezas de conviccioÌ?n permaneceraÌ?n siempre en
+secretariÌ?a para su examen por todas las partes.
+
+
+ i) El teÌ?rmino probatorio para rendir prueba dentro de la comuna
+asiento del tribunal seraÌ? de diez diÌ?as y podraÌ? reducirse por acuerdo
+unaÌ?nime de las partes.
+
+
+ j) No seraÌ? necesario, para que el juez les otorgue valor probatorio,
+el reconocimiento de los instrumentos privados en la forma prevista en el
+artiÌ?culo 187 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, cuando en declaraciones o
+escritos hubieren sido reconocidos por las personas a quienes puedan
+perjudicar o de quienes emanen.
+
+
+ Tampoco seraÌ? necesario, para el mismo efecto, el reconocimiento de
+los certificados, presupuestos, facturas o constancias expedidos por
+entidades o personas puÌ?blicas o privadas, que, a juicio del tribunal,
+invistan garantiÌ?as de seriedad, siempre que, no habiendo sido impugnados,
+puedan ser tenidos como verdaderos.
+
+
+ Lo dicho en este acaÌ?pite rige tambieÌ?n respecto de la prueba de la
+accioÌ?n civil.
+
+
+ k) La sentencia definitiva no necesita cumplir con el requisito
+establecido en el nuÌ?mero 3º del artiÌ?culo 500 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento
+Penal; pero el juez describiraÌ? circunstanciadamente en uno de los
+considerandos los hechos que se encuentren probados y que constituyan, en
+su caso, el delito por el cual se aplica la sancioÌ?n.
+
+
+ l) Los recursos de casacioÌ?n en la forma o en el fondo contra la
+sentencia de segunda instancia se deduciraÌ?n en un escrito, en el plazo de
+diez diÌ?as, contados desde la notificacioÌ?n de la sentencia. Si se
+interponen ambos, se deduciraÌ?n conjuntamente en el mismo escrito.
+
+
+ En cuanto el recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma se dirija contra la
+decisioÌ?n civil, podraÌ? fundarse en las causales del artiÌ?culo 541 del CoÌ?digo
+de Procedimiento Penal, con excepcioÌ?n de las senÌ?aladas en los nuÌ?meros 10 y
+11 y, ademaÌ?s, en las causales 4ª, 6ª y 7ª del artiÌ?culo 768 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ m) Si el afectado por el danÌ?o o lesiones no interpusiere su accioÌ?n
+ante el juez del crimen, podraÌ? deducirla ante el juez civil correspondiente
+y el proceso se tramitaraÌ? de acuerdo con las reglas del juicio sumario, sin
+que le sea aplicable lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 681 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ Para deducir apelacioÌ?n en contra de las sentencias definitivas
+condenatorias que se dicten respecto de los delitos descritos en el
+artiÌ?culo 121, seraÌ? menester que el apelante acompanÌ?e, al intentar el
+recurso, comprobante de haberse enterado en la cuenta corriente del
+tribunal respectivo el valor iÌ?ntegro de la multa, y de las costas en su
+caso.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º transitorio.- Se tendraÌ?n como testimonios legalmente
+prestados las declaraciones contenidas en los respectivos partes o
+denuncias, si en ellos aparece la firma de los denunciantes debidamente
+autorizada por el superior jeraÌ?rquico respectivo.
+
+
+ No seraÌ? necesaria la asistencia de los testigos de cargo si eÌ?stos son
+agentes de la policiÌ?a o inspectores fiscales o municipales, a menos que el
+juez estime conveniente su comparecencia personal. En tal caso, deberaÌ?
+fundamentar su resolucioÌ?n en forma circunstanciada, indicando los puntos
+que deberaÌ?n ser aclarados.".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones en la ley Nº
+18.455:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase, al final del inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 34, la
+siguiente oracioÌ?n: "En ninguÌ?n caso el volumen del producto envasado podraÌ?
+ser inferior a 250 centiÌ?metros cuÌ?bicos, ni el envase podraÌ? consistir en
+sobres o bolsas susceptibles de ser portados en los bolsillos.".
+
+
+ b) AgreÌ?gase, en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 35, a continuacioÌ?n de
+la palabra "volumen", pasando el punto aparte a ser coma, lo siguiente:
+"asiÌ? como un mensaje que induzca a la moderacioÌ?n en su consumo".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones celebradas los diÌ?as 2, 9 y 16 de abril de 1997,
+con asistencia de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Miguel Otero Lathrop
+(Presidente), Sergio FernaÌ?ndez FernaÌ?ndez, HernaÌ?n LarraiÌ?n FernaÌ?ndez y
+Anselmo Sule Candia (Roberto MunÌ?oz Barra), y los diÌ?as 6, 7 y 13 de junio,
+19 de julio y 4 de octubre de 2000, con asistencia de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Sergio DiÌ?ez UrzuÌ?a (Presidente), Marcos Aburto Ochoa, AndreÌ?s
+Chadwick PinÌ?era, Juan Hamilton Depassier y Enrique Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 4 de octubre de 2000.
+
+
+
+
+ JOSE LUIS ALLIENDE LEIVA
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+1.7 RESENÌ?A
+
+
+1.7.1.1 I. BOLETIN Nº: 1192-11
+
+
+II. MATERIA: Modifica la ley de alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y
+vinagres.
+
+
+III. ORIGEN: MocioÌ?n de HH. senÌ?ores Diputados.
+
+
+IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Segundo.
+
+
+V. APROBACION POR LA CAMARA DE DIPUTADOS: 14 de enero de 1997.
+
+
+VI. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: 17 de enero de 1997.
+
+
+VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Primer informe, ya informado por la H.
+ComisioÌ?n de Salud. Debe ser conocido por la H. ComisioÌ?n de Hacienda.
+
+
+VIII. URGENCIA: No tiene.
+
+
+IX. PRINCIPALES LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA
+MATERIA:
+
+
+ 1. Ley Nº 17.105, ley de alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres.
+
+ 2. Ley Nº 18.455, sobre produccioÌ?n, elaboracioÌ?n y comercializacioÌ?n de
+alcoholes etiÌ?licos, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y que deroga el Libro
+Primero de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+ 3. Decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 2.385, del Ministerio del Interior,
+de 1996, texto refundido de la ley de Rentas Municipales (D.L. Nº 3.063, de
+1979).
+
+ 4. Decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 2/19.602, de Interior, de 1999, texto
+refundido de la ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de Municipalidades (Nº 18.695).
+
+
+X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO APROBADO POR LA COMISION: 2 artiÌ?culos
+permanentes, el primero de los cuales contiene 49 numerales.
+
+
+XI. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISION:
+
+
+ 1.- Adecuar al ordenamiento juriÌ?dico vigente los procedimientos
+aplicables a la ebriedad y a los delitos de conducir en estado de ebriedad
+y conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol, asiÌ? como el reÌ?gimen de sanciones
+a las diversas infracciones previstas en la ley, particularmente elevando
+las multas y expresaÌ?ndolas en UTM.
+
+
+ 2.- Actualizar la nomenclatura de la clasificacioÌ?n de los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y fijar sus patentes en
+UTM.
+
+
+XII. NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL: los nuÌ?meros 22), 25), 34) 35) y 42) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º tienen caraÌ?cter orgaÌ?nico constitucional.
+
+
+XIII. ACUERDOS: El proyecto fue aprobado en general por unanimidad (5
+x 0), y en particular del mismo modo (5 x 0, 4 x 0 y 3 x 0), con excepcioÌ?n
+de los incisos tercero y cuarto del artiÌ?culo 120 (3 x 2) y del inciso
+cuarto del artiÌ?culo 130 (2 x 2 abstenciones) que se proponen.
+
+
+ JOSE LUIS ALLIENDE LEIVA
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+ValparaiÌ?so, 4 de octubre de 2000.
+
+
+ INFORME DE LA COMISION DE SALUD, recaiÌ?do en el
+ proyecto de ley, en segundo traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, que modifica la ley de
+ alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y
+ deroga el Libro Segundo de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+
+
+ 1.1 BoletiÌ?n Nº 1.192-11
+
+
+
+HONORABLE SENADO:
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n de Salud tiene el honor de informaros
+acerca del proyecto de ley del rubro, iniciado en mocioÌ?n de la H. Diputada
+senÌ?ora MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi.
+
+
+ Se deja constancia, para los efectos del quoÌ?rum de
+votacioÌ?n, que los nuÌ?meros 11), 18), 29) letra b), 30) y 36) del artiÌ?culo 1º
+y el artiÌ?culo 3º tienen caraÌ?cter orgaÌ?nico constitucional, por lo que su
+aprobacioÌ?n requiere el voto conforme de cuatro seÌ?ptimas partes de los
+Senadores en ejercicio.
+
+
+ En el primer traÌ?mite constitucional la Corte Suprema fue
+consultada acerca del proyecto, en conformidad con lo que disponen el
+artiÌ?culo 74 de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica y el artiÌ?culo 16 de
+la ley Nº 18.918, orgaÌ?nica constitucional del Congreso Nacional y emitioÌ?
+una opinioÌ?n favorable al respecto, en lo que consideroÌ? de su competencia.
+En este traÌ?mite la ComisioÌ?n oficioÌ? nuevamente a dicho Tribunal, para
+recabar su parecer en torno a las disposiciones nuevas del nuÌ?mero 37) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que ella aproboÌ?, que otorgan atribuciones a los
+juzgados que conozcan causas de alcoholes. La respuesta estaÌ? pendiente.
+
+
+ A las sesiones en que tratamos este asunto asistieron,
+ademaÌ?s de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Antonio
+Horvath Kiss y Rodolfo Stange Oelckers, la H. Diputada senÌ?ora MariÌ?a
+AngeÌ?lica Cristi y los senÌ?ores Sergio Villalobos, Presidente del Instituto
+de Jueces de PoliciÌ?a Local y Armando GoÌ?mez, Director del mismo Instituto.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+ OBJETIVOS FUNDAMENTALES
+
+
+ La iniciativa en informe, tal como fue aprobada en la
+CaÌ?mara de origen, persigue los siguientes objetivos fundamentales:
+
+
+ a) establecer en un cuerpo legal especiÌ?fico y sistemaÌ?tico
+todo lo relativo a prevencioÌ?n, rehabilitacioÌ?n y sanciones de la embriaguez,
+los procedimientos aplicables en caso de infracciones, una clasificacioÌ?n de
+los establecimientos de expendio y normas sobre patentes de alcoholes, y
+
+
+ b) derogar el Libro Segundo de la actual ley de alcoholes,
+Nº 17.105 [1].
+
+
+ El proyecto estaÌ? estructurado en 64 artiÌ?culos permanentes
+y 2 transitorios. El artiÌ?culo 1º define el contenido de la ley de
+alcoholes; el TiÌ?tulo I, artiÌ?culos 2º a 11, contiene los preceptos que
+penalizan la ebriedad; el TiÌ?tulo II, artiÌ?culos 12 a 21, versa sobre
+prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n; el TiÌ?tulo III, artiÌ?culos 22 a 24, discurre
+acerca de los iliÌ?citos de desempenÌ?o y conduccioÌ?n en estado de ebriedad o
+bajo la influencia del alcohol; el TiÌ?tulo IV, artiÌ?culos 25 a 52, regula el
+expendio y las patentes de alcoholes; el TiÌ?tulo V, artiÌ?culos 53 a 63,
+consigna normas sobre competencia y procedimiento; la disposicioÌ?n final
+deroga el Libro Segundo de la ley Nº 17.105; los artiÌ?culos transitorios
+preceptuÌ?an que las causas de alcoholes pendientes continuaraÌ?n radicadas en
+el tribunal en que se hallaren a la eÌ?poca de entrar en vigor como ley este
+proyecto, y que las restricciones impuestas al nuÌ?mero de patentes de
+alcoholes regiraÌ?n desde el 1º de enero del anÌ?o siguiente a la publicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+2 ANTECEDENTES
+
+
+Ley Nº 17.105, ley de alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres.
+
+Ley Nº 18.455, sobre produccioÌ?n, elaboracioÌ?n y comercializacioÌ?n de
+alcoholes etiÌ?licos, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y que deroga el Libro
+Primero de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+D.S. Nº 2.385, del Ministerio del Interior, de 1996, texto refundido de la
+ley de Rentas Municipales (D.L. Nº 3.063, de 1979).
+
+D.S. Nº 291, del mismo Ministerio, de 1993, texto refundido de la ley
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional sobre Gobierno y AdministracioÌ?n Regional
+
+(Nº 19.175).
+
+D.S. Nº 662, de Interior, de 1992, texto refundido de la ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de Municipalidades (Nº 18.695).
+
+Ley Nº 19.602, que modifica la anterior en materia de gestioÌ?n municipal.
+
+Ley Nº 18.962, ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de ensenÌ?anza.
+
+Ley Nº 16.618, Ley de Menores.
+
+Ley Nº 18.469, sobre ejercicio del derecho constitucional a la proteccioÌ?n
+de la salud y que crea un ReÌ?gimen de Prestaciones de Salud (Fonasa).
+
+Ley Nº 19.327, sobre violencia en los estadios.
+
+ Ley Nº 19.325, sobre violencia intrafamiliar.
+
+ D.F.L. Nº 1, de Hacienda, de 1993, texto refundido de la ley orgaÌ?nica del
+Consejo de Defensa del Estado.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.290, ley de traÌ?nsito.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.297, sobre procedimiento ante los Juzgados de PoliciÌ?a Local .
+
+ D.S. Nº 307, de Justicia, de 1978, texto refundido de la ley sobre
+Juzgados de PoliciÌ?a Local (Nº 15.231).
+
+ CoÌ?digo Civil, en lo relativo a curatelas.
+
+ CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil, artiÌ?culos 681 y 768, sobre procedimiento
+sumario y recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma.
+
+ CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, artiÌ?culos 187, 425, 500 y 541, sobre prueba
+ instrumental, acusacioÌ?n particular y accioÌ?n civil, forma de la sentencia y
+ recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma.
+
+ CoÌ?digo OrgaÌ?nico de Tribunales, artiÌ?culo 45, en lo relativo a competencia
+de los jueces del crimen.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+ DISCUSION GENERAL
+
+
+ La autora de esta iniciativa concurrioÌ? a la ComisioÌ?n a
+explicar los propoÌ?sitos que con ella se persiguen.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ? que la ley vigente ha quedado completamente
+anacroÌ?nica, tanto en sus definiciones conceptuales, cuanto en las penas
+senÌ?aladas a la embriaguez, las cuales estaÌ?n fijadas en sueldos vitales o en
+escudos. Ello redunda en su ineficacia.
+
+
+ AnÌ?adioÌ? que no hay regulacioÌ?n alguna que limite el expendio
+de alcohol a menores de edad, los que pueden adquirirlo en cualquier
+horario y en cualquier local, exceptuados los restoranes; que las
+botilleriÌ?as no estaÌ?n reglamentadas; que es necesario promover el consumo
+moderado a traveÌ?s de la educacioÌ?n, desde los primeros niveles de ensenÌ?anza,
+y que urge normalizar el horario de las discotecas, cuyo principal ingreso
+es el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ ExpresoÌ? su SenÌ?oriÌ?a que en Chile beben alcohol 400.000
+ninÌ?os, algunos desde los 8 anÌ?os de edad; que el 70% de las personas mayores
+de 12 anÌ?os tambieÌ?n lo hace, y que 7.000 muertes al anÌ?o estaÌ?n vinculadas con
+su consumo.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Bombal manifestoÌ? su profunda
+preocupacioÌ?n por el aumento de los decesos de personas joÌ?venes en
+accidentes de traÌ?nsito en que uno o maÌ?s de los participantes estaÌ?n en
+estado de ebriedad o bajo la influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ DeclaroÌ? que corresponde que el legislador de senÌ?ales
+correctas y muy firmes para revertir esta situacioÌ?n, acentuando los
+aspectos educacioÌ?n y prevencioÌ?n, aumentando las penas y estableciendo los
+medios para mejorar las condiciones de seguridad de las viÌ?as.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os expresoÌ? que se ha legislado
+recientemente sobre varios aspectos que son tocados por este proyecto. En
+efecto, la reforma a la legislacioÌ?n sobre gestioÌ?n municipal pone en manos
+de la autoridad comunal nuevas y eficaces herramientas para concurrir a
+poner remedio al problema del expendio y el consumo abusivos de alcohol,
+tales como las relativas a la fijacioÌ?n de horarios y al otorgamiento de
+patentes.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Ruiz-Esquide aseveroÌ? que el
+alcoholismo en nuestro paiÌ?s constituye un grave problema de salud puÌ?blica,
+que se inscribe en el aÌ?mbito de la salud mental, puesto que revela
+problemas conductuales. Sin embargo, no estaÌ? resuelto de queÌ? manera se lo
+puede enfrentar. AfirmoÌ? su SenÌ?oriÌ?a que la legislacioÌ?n presenta un vaciÌ?o en
+lo que se refiere a prevencioÌ?n y educacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, hizo ver que no es una praÌ?ctica
+recomendable enmendar normas que acaban de entrar en vigencia, como es el
+caso de las recieÌ?n mencionadas atribuciones municipales.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Silva Cimma manifestoÌ? su preocupacioÌ?n
+frente a la posibilidad de que, si se deja a cada municipalidad ejercer
+autoÌ?nomamente sus atribuciones regulatorias en este terreno, ellas puedan
+proceder sobre la base de criterios diferentes, y hasta contradictorios. De
+alliÌ? entonces que no cabe desdenÌ?ar la posibilidad de fijarles un marco
+legal objetivo, para lo cual puede ser uÌ?til el presente proyecto.
+
+
+ Dentro de la misma liÌ?nea de raciocinio, hizo ver que la
+carencia de referencias normativas obligatorias en estos aspectos, puede
+dar margen a arbitrariedades y vicios, como los que en maÌ?s de una ocasioÌ?n
+se han conocido por la prensa. RecordoÌ? al respecto algunas irregularidades
+relacionadas con el otorgamiento de permisos de conducir que han salido a
+la luz puÌ?blica causando escaÌ?ndalo.
+
+
+ Por su parte, los representantes del Instituto de Jueces
+de PoliciÌ?a Local sostuvieron que la infraestructura de sus tribunales es
+modestiÌ?sima y sus dotaciones son insuficientes y mal pagadas. Sin embargo,
+las leyes han ido acumulando en ellos competencias en las maÌ?s diversas
+materias, de indudable complejidad teÌ?cnica: de traÌ?nsito, las cuales se han
+incrementado considerablemente, como consecuencia del crecimiento del
+parque vehicular; de defensa del consumidor, de propiedad horizontal, de
+calidad de la construccioÌ?n y de comercio ambulante.
+
+
+ Si no hay aparejada una mejoriÌ?a en las condiciones
+materiales en que se desempenÌ?an los tribunales de policiÌ?a local y de la
+capacidad de gestioÌ?n de los mismos, la aplicacioÌ?n de este proyecto, y de
+las demaÌ?s leyes que les otorgan competencia, se veraÌ? amenazada.
+
+
+ Puesta en votacioÌ?n la idea de legislar, fue aprobada por
+unanimidad de los presentes. Expresaron su voto favorable los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Carlos Bombal Otaegui, Mario RiÌ?os Santander y Enrique Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+3 DISCUSION PARTICULAR
+
+
+ Al entrar en el anaÌ?lisis pormenorizado del proyecto, la
+ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? preferible, como teÌ?cnica legislativa, introducir enmiendas
+a la ley Nº 17.105 y a otros cuerpos legales, en lugar de sustituir
+iÌ?ntegramente aqueÌ?lla por un texto nuevo, con una sistematizacioÌ?n diferente
+de sus disposiciones.
+
+
+ Para escoger esta alternativa se tuvo en consideracioÌ?n que
+la Ley de Alcoholes, de 1969, cuenta a su favor con una larga trayectoria
+de interpretacioÌ?n y aplicacioÌ?n por los diversos agentes que intervienen en
+su ejecucioÌ?n: la policiÌ?a, los tribunales, los abogados, las autoridades
+administrativas y, al mismo tiempo, sus tres deÌ?cadas de vigencia la hacen
+bien conocida por todas las personas.
+
+
+ Al mismo tiempo, la ComisioÌ?n fijoÌ? ciertos lineamientos
+generales para hacer frente a la reformulacioÌ?n del articulado de la
+iniciativa: no deshacer el camino andado en la reciente reforma sobre
+gestioÌ?n municipal, que radicoÌ? en las municipalidades y en los alcaldes
+atribuciones y funciones en materias de expendio y patentes de alcoholes;
+respetar rigurosamente las atribuciones exclusivas del Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica, en lo que se refiere a crear servicios o empleos puÌ?blicos y a
+senÌ?alarles funciones y atribuciones; circunscribir, en consecuencia, las
+enmiendas a la ley Nº 17.105 a lo estrictamente necesario para alcanzar los
+objetivos que persigue la iniciativa; elevar las sanciones de la ley y
+expresar las pecuniarias en un paraÌ?metro vigente y reajustable; actualizar
+la clasificacioÌ?n de los establecimientos de expendio, y dar caraÌ?cter
+transitorio a los procedimientos especiales de la Ley de Alcoholes, hasta
+que entre en vigencia el nuevo CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, en actual
+tramitacioÌ?n en el Congreso Nacional.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 1º
+
+
+ Define el contenido del proyecto de la nueva ley de
+alcoholes.
+
+
+ Como resultado de las pautas ya resenÌ?adas, la ComisioÌ?n lo
+rechazoÌ? por unanimidad y aproboÌ? en cambio el encabezamiento de un nuevo
+artiÌ?culo 1º, que contendraÌ? las diversas enmiendas que se introducen a la
+Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ Estuvieron por el rechazo los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, quienes aprobaron de igual forma el
+nuevo encabezamiento del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ TITULO I
+
+
+ Versa sobre la penalidad de la ebriedad.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 2º
+
+
+ Prohibe el consumo de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en calles,
+plazas y demaÌ?s lugares puÌ?blicos o abiertos al puÌ?blico, senÌ?ala el
+procedimiento para asegurar la comparecencia de los infractores ante el
+tribunal competente, asiÌ? como la entrega al mismo de las multas que
+hubieren sido consignadas en Carabineros.
+
+
+ Normas similares existen en los artiÌ?culos 154 y 113 de la
+Ley de Alcoholes. La ComisioÌ?n, en aplicacioÌ?n de los criterios que han sido
+indicados maÌ?s arriba, prefirioÌ? introducir en los citados artiÌ?culos las
+correcciones necesarias, para incorporar las disposiciones novedosas del
+artiÌ?culo 2º del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+ AsiÌ?, las normas contenidas en el artiÌ?culo 2º en comento se
+formularon como modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 113 de la Ley de Alcoholes y
+figuran en el nuÌ?mero 1) del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto, numeral que
+estaÌ? compuesto por cuatro literales.
+
+
+ La letra a) sustituye la multa de un ciento veinte avo a
+un cien avo de un sueldo vital, por otra de un deÌ?cimo de unidad tributaria
+mensual.
+
+
+ La letra b) reemplaza en el inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo 113
+la palabra "domicilio" por "identidad". El propoÌ?sito es aligerar la carga
+impuesta a Carabineros, que debe comprobar el domicilio del infractor, con
+la inversioÌ?n de tiempo y recursos que ello conlleva, y sustituirla por la
+comprobacioÌ?n de la identidad del mismo; desde que la ley Nº 19.567 agregoÌ?
+un artiÌ?culo 260 bis al CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal esta verificacioÌ?n se
+ha vuelto maÌ?s expedita.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, en el mismo inciso, se sustituye la obligacioÌ?n del
+infractor que ha consignado la multa en Carabineros, de comparecer ante el
+tribunal competente, por la facultad de hacerlo, en caso que desee reclamar
+de la aplicacioÌ?n de la misma o de su monto.
+
+
+ La letra c) agrega al final del referido inciso quinto del
+artiÌ?culo 113 de la Ley de Alcoholes una frase casi ideÌ?ntica al inciso final
+del artiÌ?culo 2º del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados. La uÌ?nica diferencia
+es que se elimina de los listados que Carabineros debe comunicar al
+juzgado, la referencia al domicilio de los infractores, en concordancia con
+la modificacioÌ?n incluida en la letra anterior.
+
+
+ La letra d), por uÌ?ltimo, corrige formalmente el inciso
+sexto del citado artiÌ?culo 113.
+
+
+ Todas estas modificaciones fueron aprobadas por
+unanimidad, con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Sabag y
+Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Enseguida, como se veraÌ? maÌ?s adelante, se propone como
+nuÌ?mero 21) del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto de ley una modificacioÌ?n al
+artiÌ?culo 154, que consiste en sustituir la multa, de un octavo a un cuarto
+de sueldo vital, por otra de un cuarto de unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 3º
+
+
+ Se refiere a la detencioÌ?n del ebrio por el tiempo
+necesario para su recuperacioÌ?n, y a su puesta en libertad, con citacioÌ?n al
+juzgado.
+
+
+ Estas disposiciones estaÌ?n contenidas en el artiÌ?culo 113 de
+la Ley de Alcoholes y en el artiÌ?culo 189 de la Ley de TraÌ?nsito,
+
+Nº 18.290, por lo cual este artiÌ?culo fue rechazado. Votaron por su
+supresioÌ?n Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 4º
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala las multas con que se castigaraÌ?n las infracciones a
+los artiÌ?culos 2º y 3º del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados. Esas penas
+estaÌ?n hoy en diÌ?a consignadas en los artiÌ?culos 154 y 113 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes.
+
+
+ Las disposiciones de este precepto han quedado aprobadas
+subsumidas en las enmiendas a los artiÌ?culos citados de la ley Nº 17.105,
+las que, como ya se ha dicho al tratar el artiÌ?culo 2º del proyecto, estaÌ?n
+incluidas en la letra a) del nuÌ?mero 1) y en el nuÌ?mero 21), ambos del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que proponemos al final.
+
+
+ Estos acuerdos fueron adoptados unaÌ?nimemente, por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Sabag y Silva Cimma, el primero, y por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, el segundo.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 5º
+
+
+ Contiene la misma norma que estaÌ? en el inciso sexto del
+artiÌ?culo 113 de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ En correlacioÌ?n con los acuerdos ya adoptados, que importan
+conservar aquel inciso, la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? este artiÌ?culo 5º, con la
+votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Sabag y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 6º
+
+
+ Dispone que a los menores que beban o se encuentren
+manifiestamente ebrios en lugares puÌ?blicos se les aplicaraÌ?n las
+disposiciones de la Ley de Menores, Nº 16.618. Esto significa que si son
+menores de 16 anÌ?os, o mayores de esa edad pero menores de 18, que hubieren
+obrado sin discernimiento, seraÌ?n juzgados por el juez de menores y se les
+impondraÌ?n medidas de proteccioÌ?n, no sanciones penales.
+
+
+ Con otra formulacioÌ?n, el artiÌ?culo 116 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes dispone lo mismo. La diferencia estriba en que en el proyecto de
+la CaÌ?mara de Diputados se castiga tambieÌ?n al que es encontrado bebiendo en
+lugares puÌ?blicos, aunque no esteÌ? ebrio.
+
+
+ En vista de lo anterior, la ComisioÌ?n convirtioÌ? el artiÌ?culo
+6º en una modificacioÌ?n al citado artiÌ?culo 116, para el solo efecto de
+agregar esta nueva hipoÌ?tesis punible, norma que se propone como nuÌ?mero 3)
+del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto. El acuerdo fue adoptado por
+unanimidad, por los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva
+Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 7º
+
+
+ Dispone que el juez podraÌ? ordenar al que ha sido condenado
+por ebriedad tres o maÌ?s veces en un periÌ?odo de doce meses, que asista
+obligatoriamente a programas de educacioÌ?n y prevencioÌ?n sobre los efectos
+del consumo excesivo de alcohol, o a programas de tratamiento para
+bebedores y alcohoÌ?licos, que se cumplan tanto en forma ambulatoria como
+hospitalizada, sin perjuicio de otras sanciones que le sean aplicables. El
+juez fijaraÌ? el plazo de esta medida oyendo un informe meÌ?dico. Los programas
+seraÌ?n los que ofrezcan los Servicios de Salud, las Municipalidades y otras
+instituciones que tengan por objetivo impartirlos.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 118 de la ley vigente incluye una norma
+similar, con la salvedad que en lugar de programas de educacioÌ?n, prevencioÌ?n
+y rehabilitacioÌ?n, autoriza la internacioÌ?n del ebrio en un centro de
+reeducacioÌ?n para alcohoÌ?licos, para recibir un tratamiento curativo. El
+plazo de internacioÌ?n, y por ende de privacioÌ?n de libertad, es fijado por el
+juez, y no puede exceder de 6 meses.
+
+
+ Los Servicios de Salud cuentan con unidades de atencioÌ?n a
+enfermos mentales, que deben recibir y dar tratamiento a las personas
+alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n lo aproboÌ? por unanimidad, daÌ?ndole la forma de
+una sustitucioÌ?n del inciso primero del citado artiÌ?culo 118, que queda
+consignada en el nuÌ?mero 5) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que se propone al
+final. Concurrieron al acuerdo los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 8º
+
+
+ Dispone quien debe asumir el pago de los programas de
+tratamiento a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 7º: el infractor, o su sistema de
+salud, si corresponde; el guardador o representante legal, si el infractor
+es menor de edad o estaÌ? sometido a curaduriÌ?a; se consulta tambieÌ?n la
+posibilidad de obtener atencioÌ?n gratuita, previo informe municipal.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n lo suprimioÌ? por considerarlo innecesario: es
+obvio que quien recibe un servicio debe pagar el precio correlativo y en
+ese aspecto el precepto no anÌ?ade nada nuevo. Por otra parte, el artiÌ?culo 32
+de la ley Nº 18.469 entrega al Fonasa la funcioÌ?n de acreditar indigencia
+para la atencioÌ?n gratuita de salud. Por uÌ?ltimo, los tratamientos
+antialcohoÌ?licos no son cubiertos por los sistemas de salud, por manera que
+no se les puede exigir que otorguen prestaciones en dicho aÌ?mbito si no
+reciben la cotizacioÌ?n correspondiente ni existe un plan que las contemple.
+
+
+ El acuerdo fue adoptado por unanimidad, por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 9º
+
+
+ Reordena las disposiciones del artiÌ?culo 123 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, eleva las penas y ampliÌ?a el universo de establecimientos a los
+que es aplicable la norma que permite suministrar bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a
+menores acompanÌ?ados por sus padres o sus representantes legales. Los
+uÌ?ltimos dos incisos se refieren a la reincidencia en las infracciones
+tipificadas en el precepto, materia que hoy en diÌ?a es reglada por el
+artiÌ?culo 124 de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? plantear las innovaciones como
+modificaciones a los artiÌ?culos 123 y 124 ya senÌ?alados, como se consigna en
+los nuÌ?meros 7) y 8) de nuestro artiÌ?culo 1º. AdemaÌ?s, aproboÌ? otras
+correcciones a estos artiÌ?culos, las que tambieÌ?n se incluyen en los citados
+numerales del artiÌ?culo 1º. A continuacioÌ?n se resenÌ?an los cambios
+propuestos.
+
+
+ En el nuevo texto del artiÌ?culo 123, consignado en el
+nuÌ?mero 7) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que estampamos al final, se elevan
+las penas, actualmente expresadas en fraccioÌ?n de sueldo vital, a otras que
+van de 3 a 10 unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Se reemplaza la referencia a Carabineros en servicio, por otra,
+maÌ?s geneÌ?rica, a funcionarios fiscalizadores, lo que abarca a los de la
+policiÌ?a y a los inspectores municipales y fiscales.
+
+
+ Se sustituye la referencia que varios incisos hacen a los
+duenÌ?os, administradores o empleados de establecimientos de expendio, por
+otra, que se estimoÌ? maÌ?s apropiada, a los propietarios, representantes
+legales o empleados de los mismos.
+
+
+ Se suprime del inciso tercero la referencia al suministro
+a menores de 18 anÌ?os, por dos razones: porque se exige como elemento del
+tipo que los menores lleguen a embriagarse y porque al modificar el inciso
+quinto del mismo artiÌ?culo se consagra una figura suficientemente amplia,
+que hace innecesaria esta frase del inciso tercero.
+
+
+ Lo mismo se hace con la circunstancia de concurrir a
+almorzar o comer, que el inciso seÌ?ptimo del artiÌ?culo 123 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes agrega como condicioÌ?n para autorizar el expendio a menores
+acompanÌ?ados, por consideraÌ?rsela excesivamente reglamentaria y porque, en
+definitiva, la primera responsabilidad sobre un consumo moderado e
+informado recae sobre los padres y demaÌ?s encargados de un menor.
+
+
+ Se elimina la referencia a determinadas categoriÌ?as de
+establecimientos de la tipologiÌ?a del artiÌ?culo 140 de la ley
+
+Nº 17.105, que los clasifica para los efectos de las patentes, de modo que
+las restricciones al expendio a menores, asiÌ? como la autorizacioÌ?n en caso
+que concurran con sus padres o representantes, comprenda a todos los
+lugares en que se suministran bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, sin excepcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Con respecto a este artiÌ?culo, la ComisioÌ?n dejoÌ? constancia
+de que las formas verbales, "suministren" y "proporcionen" son
+suficientemente comprehensivas de cualquier acto que importe entregar, a
+cualquier tiÌ?tulo, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a quienes estaÌ? prohibido hacerlo.
+
+
+ Estos acuerdos fueron adoptados por unanimidad, con los
+votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva
+Cimma.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, la ComisioÌ?n acogioÌ? e hizo suya una sugerencia de
+la H. Diputada senÌ?ora MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi, en orden a prohibir a los
+menores de 18 anÌ?os adquirir bebidas alcohoÌ?licas. Por lo que hace a la
+penalidad, en lugar de castigar la infraccioÌ?n con pena pecuniaria, se
+aplicaraÌ?n las medidas de proteccioÌ?n de la Ley de Menores, Nº 16.618.
+
+
+ En consonancia con lo anterior, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ?
+tambieÌ?n corregir el uÌ?ltimo inciso del artiÌ?culo 123, que permite la
+detencioÌ?n de los infractores menores de edad, para ser entregados a sus
+padres o guardadores, una vez comprobada su edad.
+
+
+ En tal virtud, la norma se sustituyoÌ? por otra, que suprime
+la detencioÌ?n en estos casos, mantiene las disposiciones sobre comprobacioÌ?n
+de edad y sobre entrega a los padres o guardadores, y que remite a la ley
+Nº 16.618; esto determina el tribunal competente, el procedimiento
+aplicable y las medidas de proteccioÌ?n a que puede dar lugar la conducta del
+menor.
+
+
+ Estos acuerdos fueron tomados unaÌ?nimemente por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 8) del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto eleva la
+penalidad de la reincidencia, que en el texto vigente es la residual del
+artiÌ?culo 172 de la ley.
+
+
+ En este uÌ?ltimo precepto, la sancioÌ?n va en aumento a partir
+de la segunda infraccioÌ?n, se agrega la clausura temporal progresiva a
+partir de la cuarta, para culminar con la clausura definitiva al cometerse
+la sexta infraccioÌ?n. La norma de reemplazo duplica la multa en caso de
+repetirse la infraccioÌ?n y sanciona con la clausura definitiva la tercera.
+En ambos casos se trata de reiteraciones cometidas dentro del plazo de doce
+meses.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? lo acordaron, por unanimidad, los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 10
+
+
+ Repite la norma contenida del inciso sexto del artiÌ?culo
+123 de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de lo ya resuelto, la ComisioÌ?n, por la
+unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, RiÌ?os,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, eliminoÌ? este artiÌ?culo 10, pues la norma que eÌ?l
+contiene forma parte del citado artiÌ?culo 123, cuyo texto la ComisioÌ?n
+propone enmendar.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 11
+
+
+ Faculta al tribunal que imponga una segunda condena por
+ebriedad en el plazo de doce meses, para ordenar retener hasta el 50% de
+los ingresos del ebrio, a tiÌ?tulo de pensioÌ?n alimenticia, entretanto el juez
+de menores o el juez civil competente determinan el monto definitivo de los
+alimentos. Este derecho estaÌ? establecido en beneficio del coÌ?nyuge y los
+hijos menores del ebrio contumaz.
+
+
+ La norma es igual a la del artiÌ?culo 127 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, por lo cual la ComisioÌ?n enmendoÌ? este uÌ?ltimo, con el propoÌ?sito de
+extender la titularidad del beneficio al padre o madre de los menores, o
+sea a la hipoÌ?tesis de que el ebrio no esteÌ? unido con dicha persona por
+viÌ?nculo matrimonial; ademaÌ?s, subsanoÌ? una incongruencia del texto vigente,
+que habilita al empleador para entregar los emolumentos retenidos
+directamente a los hijos menores del ebrio, esto es, a personas
+relativamente incapaces.
+
+
+ La modificacioÌ?n estaÌ? contenida en el nuÌ?mero 9) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que proponemos y fue aprobada unaÌ?nimemente por los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ TITULO II
+
+
+ Se refiere a la prevencioÌ?n y la rehabilitacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 12
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo ordena incluir en los curriculum de estudio
+de la ensenÌ?anza preescolar, baÌ?sica, media y diferencial programas
+educativos orientados a prevenir el abuso en el consumo de alcohol. AnÌ?ade
+que los Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n y de Salud entregaraÌ?n orientaciones para
+desarrollarlos y supervisaraÌ?n su ejecucioÌ?n. Una norma parecida, con las
+salvedades que determina el tiempo y el marco constitucional diferente,
+estaÌ? contenida en el artiÌ?culo 130 de la ley
+
+Nº 17.105.
+
+
+ Es preciso llamar la atencioÌ?n acerca del uÌ?ltimo inciso de
+este artiÌ?culo 12, que exige la concurrencia copulativa de los requisitos de
+habitualidad y permanencia para prohibir el expendio y consumo de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas en establecimientos educacionales. A fin de evitar una
+interpretacioÌ?n errada de esta norma, la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? dejar constancia de
+que ella no puede ser leiÌ?da en el sentido de que se permitiriÌ?a el consumo
+en dichos establecimientos, en tanto no fuere habitual o permanente; el
+sentido y alcance de ella es permitir que en forma muy excepcional, como
+son algunas festividades anuales conmemorativas de la fundacioÌ?n de las
+instituciones de ensenÌ?anza, o con motivo de reuniones ocasionales con
+participacioÌ?n de las familias de los educandos, se pueda consumir
+moderadamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tuvo en cuenta que la ley Nº 18.962, orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, por mandato constitucional del nuÌ?mero 11º del
+artiÌ?culo 19 de la Carta Fundamental, fija los requisitos miÌ?nimos que debe
+cumplir cada nivel de ensenÌ?anza. AdemaÌ?s, el artiÌ?culo 18 de la misma ley
+dispone que corresponde al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, en ejercicio de su
+potestad reglamentaria, establecer los objetivos fundamentales y los
+contenidos miÌ?nimos obligatorios para cada anÌ?o de estudio.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, el artiÌ?culo 12 en comento, que modifica
+un precepto de caraÌ?cter orgaÌ?nico constitucional, fija un marco legal para
+el ejercicio de esas atribuciones del Ejecutivo. Se aproboÌ? como norma
+sustitutiva del artiÌ?culo 130 de la ley Nº 17.105, refundieÌ?ndolo con el
+artiÌ?culo 14, como se veraÌ? maÌ?s adelante. Forma parte del nuÌ?mero 11) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? fue acordado unaÌ?nimemente, por los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el H. Senador senÌ?or Antonio Horvath hizo
+tres indicaciones, a los artiÌ?culos 130 y 131 de la Ley de Alcoholes, para
+normar con mayor detalle la fijacioÌ?n de contenidos de los diversos niveles
+de ensenÌ?anza. Como consecuencia del acuerdo recieÌ?n consignado, y teniendo
+especialmente presente la intencioÌ?n de no acentuar el caraÌ?cter
+reglamentario de la Ley de Alcoholes, la ComisioÌ?n, con igual votacioÌ?n, las
+rechazoÌ?.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 13
+
+
+ Ordena estampar en el envase de las bebidas alcohoÌ?licas un
+mensaje induzca a la moderacioÌ?n en su consumo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n escogioÌ? agregar esta disposicioÌ?n en el
+artiÌ?culo 35 de la ley Nº 18.455, sobre produccioÌ?n, elaboracioÌ?n y
+comercializacioÌ?n de alcoholes, que enuncia las menciones miÌ?nimas que
+deberaÌ?n indicarse en los envases o etiquetas de los productos destinados al
+consumo directo. Se encuentra en el artiÌ?culo 2º del proyecto que proponemos
+al final.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, recogiendo una propuesta de la H. Diputada
+senÌ?ora MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi, resolvioÌ? complementar tambieÌ?n el artiÌ?culo 34
+de la ley Nº 18.455, a fin de prohibir el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+en sobres o bolsas. Se incluye igualmente en el artiÌ?culo 2º de nuestro
+proyecto.
+
+
+ Los acuerdos fueron adoptados en forma unaÌ?nime, por los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 14
+
+
+ Es corolario del artiÌ?culo 12. Faculta al Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n para determinar los materiales necesarios para cumplir los
+programas educativos y para proporcionar a los establecimientos de menores
+recursos los medios que les permitan acceder a ellos, asiÌ? como para otorgar
+a los docentes capacitacioÌ?n especializada en prevencioÌ?n del consumo
+abusivo. AdemaÌ?s, instituye una comisioÌ?n interministerial con participacioÌ?n
+de los Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo, que deberaÌ?
+implementar y fomentar programas de prevencioÌ?n para empresas, servicios
+puÌ?blicos y municipalidades.
+
+
+ Guardando coherencia con lo ya resuelto respecto del
+artiÌ?culo 12, la ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, tambieÌ?n aproboÌ? las disposiciones de
+este artiÌ?culo, integraÌ?ndolo con el artiÌ?culo 12, para conformar con ambos el
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 130 de la Ley de Alcoholes, como se consigna en el nuÌ?mero
+11) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que agregamos al final.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 15
+
+
+ Obliga a poner en praÌ?ctica programas de tratamiento y
+rehabilitacioÌ?n de bebedores problema y alcohoÌ?licos en todos los Servicios
+de Salud y en los establecimientos de salud de las Fuerzas Armadas y de
+Orden y Seguridad, incluyendo plazas reservadas, consultas especializadas y
+tratamiento ambulatorio. El uÌ?ltimo inciso permite la participacioÌ?n en tales
+programas, entre otros, de municipalidades e instituciones puÌ?blicas,
+pudiendo tambieÌ?n ellas ser entidades ejecutoras de los mismos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, estimando excesivamente reglamentario el
+caraÌ?cter del precepto, y considerando ademaÌ?s que en lo atinente a la
+participacioÌ?n de los municipios no se requieren nuevas autorizaciones,
+aparte de las que otorgan los artiÌ?culos 19 y 19 bis de la ley Nº 18.695,
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional de Municipalidades, rechazoÌ? en forma unaÌ?nime este
+artiÌ?culo 15. Votaron por la supresioÌ?n los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal,
+Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 16
+
+
+ Dispone quieÌ?nes deberaÌ?n asistir a los programas recieÌ?n
+mencionados: los condenados por ebriedad a quienes se imponga la obligacioÌ?n
+de someterse a tratamiento meÌ?dico y las personas que lo soliciten.
+
+
+ Como fruto del acuerdo adoptado sobre el artiÌ?culo
+anterior, eÌ?ste tambieÌ?n fue rechazado por unanimidad, con los votos de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULOS 17 Y 18
+
+
+ El primero regula varias situaciones diferentes,
+actualizando y mejorando las disposiciones del artiÌ?culo 135 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, que versan sobre toÌ?picos similares.
+
+
+ En primer lugar, permite solicitar la internacioÌ?n en
+hospitales, para recibir tratamiento, de quienes no puedan administrar
+correctamente sus negocios o sustentar a su familia, por encontrarse
+habitualmente bajo la influencia del alcohol. Son titulares de esta
+facultad los miembros mayores de edad de la familia del enfermo. Puede
+aplicarse igual medida a los menores bajo tutela o curaduriÌ?a, a peticioÌ?n
+del tutor o curador. El precepto reglamenta el procedimiento judicial
+pertinente. La duracioÌ?n de esta privacioÌ?n de libertad es fijada por el
+juez, sobre la base de lo que recomiende un meÌ?dico legista o especialista.
+
+
+ En segundo lugar, hace aplicables las medidas de
+proteccioÌ?n de la Ley de Violencia Intrafamiliar a quienes maltrataren
+habitualmente a alguÌ?n miembro del grupo familiar, encontraÌ?ndose de
+ordinario bajo la influencia del alcohol. En este caso el procedimiento es
+el mismo que en el anterior, con la salvedad que el juez puede fijar la
+duracioÌ?n que tendraÌ?n tales medidas, sin que se le senÌ?ale indique alguÌ?n
+paraÌ?metro para el ejercicio de tal facultad. Si el agresor es menor, se le
+internaraÌ? en un establecimiento para tales personas.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 18 estipula, por su parte, que los programas
+de tratamiento y rehabilitacioÌ?n para bebedores problema deberaÌ?n comprender
+actividades para menores de 18 anÌ?os.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? reemplazar el artiÌ?culo 135 de la Ley
+de Alcoholes, refundiendo los artiÌ?culos 17 y 18 del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara
+de Diputados, con algunas correcciones, que se explicaraÌ?n. Ello se
+materializa en el nuÌ?mero 13) del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto.
+
+
+ Primeramente, los incisos segundo y quinto del artiÌ?culo
+135 vigente fueron incorporados en el precepto de reemplazo. El inciso
+segundo exige que si se alega mala administracioÌ?n de los negocios del
+ebrio, se debe acreditar perjuicio para el solicitante de la medida. El
+quinto permite que el padre o la madre de una persona sujeta a patria
+potestad puedan igualmente solicitar la internacioÌ?n de su hijo ebrio, para
+darle tratamiento. Cabe mencionar que el texto propuesto por la CaÌ?mara de
+origen soÌ?lo alude al caso de los menores sujetos a tutela o curaduriÌ?a, de
+alliÌ? entonces que la norma que proponemos consagre la misma medida para los
+hijos de familia.
+
+
+ Enseguida, se precisoÌ? la referencia a la Ley de Violencia
+Intrafamiliar. En efecto, el proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados alude al
+artiÌ?culo 7º de la misma, que extiende al juez del crimen, en caso que el
+acto de violencia sea constitutivo de delito, la potestad conferida al
+civil para aplicar algunas de las medidas cautelares de dicha ley. El texto
+que proponemos se refiere derechamente a la letra h) del artiÌ?culo 3º de la
+ley Nº 19.325, que es la norma que enuncia tales providencias.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, se resolvioÌ? repetir en este artiÌ?culo las
+disposiciones de la ley Nº 19.325 que ponen liÌ?mite en el tiempo a las
+medidas de proteccioÌ?n, lo que despeja cualquier duda de constitucionalidad
+que pudiera derivarse del hecho de no acotarlas en este plano, toda vez que
+se estaÌ? afectando garantiÌ?as constitucionales. En consecuencia, el tribunal
+podraÌ? imponerlas hasta por 60 diÌ?as haÌ?biles y, en caso de reincidencia,
+podraÌ? prolongarlas, pero no maÌ?s allaÌ? de 180 diÌ?as haÌ?biles en total.
+
+
+ Estos acuerdos fueron adoptados de manera unaÌ?nime, por los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 19
+
+
+ Dispone que antes de concluir el periÌ?odo de
+hospitalizacioÌ?n de una persona sometida a tratamiento de rehabilitacioÌ?n, se
+haraÌ? una evaluacioÌ?n del resultado. Si aqueÌ?l no hubiere sido eficaz, el juez
+podraÌ? prolongarlo.
+
+
+ Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 137 de la ley vigente. Las
+diferencias son que eÌ?ste senÌ?ala un plazo para hacer la evaluacioÌ?n: un mes
+antes del teÌ?rmino del tratamiento, y permite decidir sobre su continuacioÌ?n
+a la familia, ademaÌ?s del juez.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n fue del parecer que es preferible conservar la
+norma como estaÌ?, por lo que rechazoÌ? el artiÌ?culo 19, por unanimidad de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 20
+
+
+ Dispone que cualquier miembro de la familia podraÌ? pedir
+que se nombre curador al hospitalizado para un tratamiento antialcohoÌ?lico,
+por el lapso que dure la internacioÌ?n. Si no se hiciere asiÌ?, seraÌ? su curador
+el director del hospital.
+
+
+ Es igual al artiÌ?culo 138 de la Ley de Alcoholes, por lo
+que la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? en forma unaÌ?nime eliminarlo, con los votos de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 21
+
+
+ PreceptuÌ?a que los programas o planes de prevencioÌ?n del
+alcoholismo y de rehabilitacioÌ?n de enfermos alcohoÌ?licos se financiaraÌ?n con
+parte de los recursos provenientes de las multas por infracciones a la Ley
+de Alcoholes y con aportes fiscales. Esos planes y programas son los
+mencionados en los artiÌ?culos 15 y 16, que la ComisioÌ?n ha acordado suprimir.
+Por otra parte, la idea de asignar una porcioÌ?n de esos recursos a los fines
+indicados estaÌ? incluida en el artiÌ?culo 63 del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de
+Diputados, norma que hemos recogido en el nuÌ?mero 41) del artiÌ?culo 1º del
+nuestro.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, por unanimidad la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? este
+artiÌ?culo 21. Concurrieron al acuerdo los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ TITULO III
+
+
+ Regula lo relativo al delito de conduccioÌ?n o desempenÌ?o en
+estado de ebriedad.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULOS 22 A 24
+
+
+ Tipifican los iliÌ?citos de desempenÌ?o y conduccioÌ?n en estado
+de ebriedad y bajo la influencia del alcohol y senÌ?alan las sanciones para
+el primero de ellos. Los preceptos vigentes que se corresponden con eÌ?stos
+son el artiÌ?culo 121 de la ley Nº 17.105, el artiÌ?culo 197, nuÌ?mero 1, de la
+ley Nº 18.290, Ley de TraÌ?nsito y el artiÌ?culo 62 de la ley Nº 15.231, sobre
+organizacioÌ?n y atribuciones de los juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, los artiÌ?culos 120 y 122 de la Ley de Alcoholes
+autorizan y regulan, entre otras materias, la praÌ?ctica de exaÌ?menes para
+establecer la presencia de alcohol en la sangre o el organismo de un
+conductor, o de una persona que se apreste a conducir o que acabe de
+hacerlo. El primero de dichos artiÌ?culos se refiere a las pruebas
+respiratorias no invasivas y, el segundo, a la denominada alcoholemia.
+
+
+ En aplicacioÌ?n de los criterios indicados al comienzo de
+este capiÌ?tulo, la ComisioÌ?n resolvioÌ? aprobar las ideas de los artiÌ?culos 22 a
+24, formulaÌ?ndolas como sustitucioÌ?n de los signados con los nuÌ?meros 120, 121
+y 122 de la Ley de Alcoholes. Ello se materializa en el nuÌ?mero 6) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto de ley que proponemos al final.
+
+
+ El precepto que sustituiriÌ?a al artiÌ?culo 120 de la ley
+
+Nº 17.105 establece presunciones legales que permiten dar por acreditados
+los elementos del tipo estado de ebriedad e influencia del alcohol: existe
+el primero si el resultado del examen arroja una dosis igual o superior a
+0,8 gramos por mil de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo; estaÌ? bajo la
+influencia del alcohol aquel que, sometido a alguno de los procedimientos
+de medicioÌ?n senÌ?alados, presente una dosis superior a 0,5 e inferior a 0,8
+gramos por mil de alcohol en la sangre o en el organismo.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo propuesto prohibe conducir un vehiÌ?culo o
+desempenÌ?arse en una maquinaria o en determinadas funciones reguladoras del
+traÌ?nsito vial o ferroviario, tanto en estado de ebriedad como bajo la
+influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ La primera hipoÌ?tesis actualmente se castiga como delito,
+por el artiÌ?culo 121 de la ley Nº 17.105. La segunda, en cambio, constituye
+una falta graviÌ?sima, seguÌ?n preceptuÌ?a el nuÌ?mero 1 del artiÌ?culo 197 de la ley
+Nº 18.290, sancionada en la forma que indica el artiÌ?culo 62 de la ley Nº
+15.231 [2].
+
+
+ El nuevo artiÌ?culo 121 que proponemos en nuestro proyecto
+indica las sanciones de las diferentes figuras punibles relativas a la
+conduccioÌ?n o desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad, graduando su severidad seguÌ?n
+los resultados. En general, se elevan las multas y se expresan en unidades
+tributarias mensuales. Respecto de las penas privativas de libertad,
+tambieÌ?n sufren un incremento, en cuanto el causar lesiones graves es
+castigado con la misma severidad que si se causare la muerte. Por otra
+parte, el plazo para diferenciar entre lesiones leves y menos graves, sobre
+la base del tiempo de incapacidad que provocan a la viÌ?ctima, se aumenta de
+7 a 10 diÌ?as.
+
+
+ En lo demaÌ?s, la nueva norma contiene las mismas
+disposiciones que el artiÌ?culo 122 vigente, sobre exaÌ?menes para detectar la
+presencia de alcohol, presunciones de culpabilidad en caso de huida y
+suspensioÌ?n o retiro del permiso para conducir, como pena accesoria.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 122 que proponemos en el proyecto contenido en
+el presente informe estatuye que los exaÌ?menes de alcoholemia pueden
+practicarse en los lugares senÌ?alados en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la Ley de
+TraÌ?nsito, a saber, el servicio de asistencia puÌ?blica, el hospital o la
+posta de primeros auxilios de los Servicios de Salud que esteÌ? maÌ?s proÌ?ximo,
+o cualquier otro establecimiento hospitalario expresamente autorizado por
+el Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal para hacerlos. Esta ampliacioÌ?n a otros
+establecimientos es una novedad que incorpora la iniciativa en informe.
+
+
+ Se elimina la referencia que el inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo
+22 del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados hace a determinados preceptos de
+la Ley de TraÌ?nsito, por innecesarios, ya que su vigencia y aplicacioÌ?n no
+requieren que la Ley de Alcoholes los confirme. Por lo demaÌ?s, oportunamente
+deberaÌ? revisarse este uÌ?ltimo cuerpo legal, porque contiene numerosas
+disposiciones que repiten otras semejantes de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ Por la misma razoÌ?n se suprime la referencia que el inciso
+segundo del artiÌ?culo 23 del proyecto formula a la ley Nº 15.231, sobre
+juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ En las normas sustitutivas que proponemos en el nuÌ?mero 6)
+de nuestro artiÌ?culo 1º se ha incorporado dos disposiciones de los artiÌ?culos
+actuales, que no figuran entre las del proyecto. La primera es la del
+inciso cuarto del artiÌ?culo 121 de la ley Nº 17.105, que presume el
+desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad de aquellas personas que estando ebrias
+fueren sorprendidas en circunstancias que hagan presumir que se aprestan a
+actuar en ese estado o que acaban de hacerlo. La segunda es la del inciso
+tercero del artiÌ?culo 122 de la ley Nº 17.105, que permite presumir la
+embriaguez si el detenido se niega a que se le practique el examen para
+determinar la presencia de alcohol en su sangre u organismo.
+
+
+ Finalmente, corresponde anotar que se ha omitido la regla
+del inciso final del artiÌ?culo 121 vigente, porque la hipoÌ?tesis punible alliÌ?
+tipificada, que es la conducta del funcionario municipal que otorgare
+licencia para conducir a una persona impedida de hacerlo por haber sido
+condenada a la pena accesoria de suspensioÌ?n o retiro del permiso, es
+castigada con mayor severidad por los artiÌ?culos 174 y 196 A de la Ley de
+TraÌ?nsito, que ademaÌ?s de penas privativas de libertad y otras accesorias,
+les impone una responsabilidad civil solidaria.
+
+
+ Todos estos acuerdos fueron adoptados en forma unaÌ?nime,
+con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva
+Cimma.
+
+
+ TITULO IV
+
+
+ Sobre expendio y patentes de alcoholes.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 25
+
+
+ Prescribe que Carabineros e inspectores fiscales y
+municipales estaraÌ?n facultados para vigilar los establecimientos en que se
+expenda, proporcione, distribuya o mantenga bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, funcioÌ?n en
+la que podraÌ?n contar con el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, en caso de
+resistencia. Sanciona con multa a cualquiera que impida o estorbe la accioÌ?n
+fiscalizadora, y a quien no acredite su identidad con la ceÌ?dula respectiva,
+o se niegue a exhibirla. En estas uÌ?ltimas dos hipoÌ?tesis, permite la
+detencioÌ?n del infractor.
+
+
+ Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 139 de la Ley de Alcoholes, por lo
+que la ComisioÌ?n, apreciando que el precepto sustitutivo aprobado por la
+CaÌ?mara de Diputados estaÌ? mejor redactado y siguiendo el criterio general
+adoptado al inicio de la discusioÌ?n, procedioÌ? a formularlo como un reemplazo
+de la norma vigente, con algunas correcciones, acuerdo que se materializa
+en el nuÌ?mero 15) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que proponemos.
+
+
+ Se anÌ?ade entre los establecimientos susceptibles de
+fiscalizacioÌ?n aquellos en que se mantenga bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, supuesto que
+no figura en el texto vigente.
+
+
+ Se suprime la facultad de detener a quien no porte su
+ceÌ?dula de identidad o a quien se niegue a exhibirla y se consigna en cambio
+que en tales casos tendraÌ? lugar lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 260 bis del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, sobre control de identidad, recientemente
+agregado por la ley Nº 19.567.
+
+
+ Se hace imperativa la norma sobre allanamiento con auxilio
+de la fuerza puÌ?blica, de propiedades en que los antecedentes proporcionados
+ por el denunciante arrojen indicios de que se trata de expendios o
+distribuidoras clandestinos. Hoy en diÌ?a esta es una facultad que la Ley de
+Alcoholes confiere a intendentes, gobernadores y subdelegados; el proyecto
+la transforma en un deber, que se impone a los tribunales de justicia.
+
+
+ Sobre este mismo particular se innova, en el sentido de
+que el allanamiento seraÌ? una medida de fiscalizacioÌ?n e investigacioÌ?n que
+podraÌ? recaer en cualquier inmueble, y no soÌ?lo en propiedades particulares,
+como estipula la norma vigente.
+
+
+ Los acuerdos anteriores se adoptaron por unanimidad, con
+los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 26
+
+
+ Contiene la clasificacioÌ?n de los establecimientos de
+expendio, distribucioÌ?n o depoÌ?sito de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, que sirve de base
+para la fijacioÌ?n y cobro de las patentes municipales respectivas y para
+senÌ?alarles un horario de funcionamiento. Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 140 de la
+Ley de Alcoholes, cuyas denominaciones y caracterizaciones actualiza.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, con el voto unaÌ?nime de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, lo aproboÌ? praÌ?cticamente en los
+mismos teÌ?rminos, si bien formulado como un reemplazo del citado artiÌ?culo
+140 de la ley Nº 17.105. Solamente se adicionoÌ? la categoriÌ?a E, para incluir
+en ella los establecimientos denominados "Pub". Es el nuÌ?mero 16) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que consignamos al final de este informe.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 27
+
+
+ Fija horario de venta a determinados establecimientos de
+expendio de alcoholes. Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 164 de la Ley
+
+Nº 17.105
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, teniendo presente que la letra nÌ?) del
+artiÌ?culo 58 de la ley Nº 18.695, orgaÌ?nica constitucional de
+municipalidades, otorga la facultad para fijar esos horarios de
+funcionamiento a los alcaldes, con acuerdo del concejo, rechazoÌ? el
+artiÌ?culo, con excepcioÌ?n del uÌ?ltimo inciso. Se tuvo en cuenta que la
+intervencioÌ?n de la primera autoridad comunal, atemperada por la
+participacioÌ?n de un cuerpo colegiado, como es el concejo, es garantiÌ?a
+suficiente de que imperaraÌ? el buen criterio en el uso de tal atribucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El inciso que se mantiene, que es ley comuÌ?n, ordena a los
+supermercados, almacenes y otros similares, que vendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+para ser consumidas fuera del local, aislar el aÌ?rea de expendio a fin de
+dar cumplimiento a las normas sobre horario. Se plantea como una
+sustitucioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 164 de la ley Nº 17.105, en el nuÌ?mero 28) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto.
+
+
+ Concurrieron al acuerdo, que fue unaÌ?nime, los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 28
+
+
+ Autoriza a las municipalidades a otorgar patentes de
+alcoholes, tanto en el aÌ?rea urbana como en la rural de las comunas, previo
+informe de Carabineros. Con todo, la municipalidad puede concederlas aunque
+el informe sea desfavorable o no se emita dentro de plazo, siempre que
+fundamente la resolucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 141 de la ley Nº 17.105 incide en la misma
+materia, pero exige informe previo de la policiÌ?a soÌ?lo en lo relativo a
+patentes solicitadas para establecimientos situados en la parte rural de
+las comunas, senÌ?alando al efecto una serie de requisitos de procedencia,
+tales como ubicacioÌ?n y distancia de los recintos policiales y nuÌ?mero de
+habitantes.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? el artiÌ?culo, con los votos unaÌ?nimes de
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Al proceder asiÌ? tuvo en consideracioÌ?n que la letra n) del
+ya citado artiÌ?culo 58 de la ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de municipalidades
+confiere la atribucioÌ?n de que trata este artiÌ?culo, al alcalde, con acuerdo
+del concejo. Por otro lado, como el artiÌ?culo 141 de la Ley de Alcoholes
+sigue vigente, es obvio que esas autoridades deberaÌ?n cenÌ?irse a ambos marcos
+regulatorios en el ejercicio de sus facultades: tanto al de la ley Nº
+18.695 cuanto al de la Nº 17.105.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 29
+
+
+ Regula una serie de materias vinculadas con las patentes:
+se concederaÌ?n conforme a la Ley de Rentas Municipales -que es el D.L. Nº
+3.063, de 1979-, sin perjuicio de las normas de la Ley de Alcoholes; seraÌ?n
+pagaderas por semestres anticipados; los establecimientos de expendio no
+podraÌ?n funcionar sin pagarlas previamente o sin tenerlas al diÌ?a. La
+infraccioÌ?n se castiga con multa, que se duplica en caso de contumacia; si
+se persiste en no pagar despueÌ?s de aplicada la segunda multa, se impone la
+clausura definitiva y caduca la patente.
+
+
+ Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 144 de la Ley de Alcoholes. La
+novedad estaÌ? en el senÌ?alamiento de una sancioÌ?n especiÌ?fica, pues el texto
+vigente no senÌ?ala una, de modo que rige la residual del artiÌ?culo 172.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? el precepto en anaÌ?lisis como nuÌ?mero 17)
+del artiÌ?culo 1º, formulaÌ?ndolo como sustitucioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 144 citado.
+
+
+ Se anÌ?ade una referencia a la ley Nº 18.695, ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de Municipalidades, ademaÌ?s de la que se hace a la Ley de
+Rentas Municipales. En tal virtud, las patentes se concederaÌ?n en
+conformidad con ambos cuerpos normativos.
+
+
+ El motivo de esta adicioÌ?n es concordar la Ley de Alcoholes
+con la ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de Municipalidades que, luego de las
+recientes modificaciones que le introdujo la ley Nº 19.602 en materia de
+gestioÌ?n, atribuye al alcalde, con acuerdo del concejo, las facultades de
+regular todo lo relativo a patentes de alcoholes y a horarios de
+funcionamiento de los establecimientos de expendio, en la respectiva
+comuna.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? se acordoÌ? por unanimidad, con los votos de los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 30
+
+
+ Limita el nuÌ?mero de patentes de alcoholes a una por cada
+establecimiento, pudiendo comprender ella maÌ?s de una categoriÌ?a de las del
+artiÌ?culo 26 (artiÌ?culo 140 de la ley vigente). El artiÌ?culo 145 de la ley Nº
+17.105 permite otorgar a un titular dos o maÌ?s patentes de cada categoriÌ?a.
+
+
+ En aplicacioÌ?n del lineamiento adoptado acerca de la manera
+de encarar las enmiendas que introduce este proyecto en la legislacioÌ?n, la
+ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? el artiÌ?culo, porque el artiÌ?culo 58 de la ley Nº 18.695, en
+su letra n) ya invocada, asigna a las municipalidades las atribuciones para
+reglar esta materia, en teÌ?rminos muy amplios.
+
+
+ El acuerdo se adoptoÌ? con la votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 31
+
+
+ Permite las patentes de alcoholes de temporada para
+hoteles y casas de pensioÌ?n en balnearios y lugares de turismo cuya
+poblacioÌ?n no supere los 50.000 habitantes. Estas no pueden exceder el 20%
+de las que se den a esos establecimientos en forma permanente.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 146 de la Ley de Alcoholes, que versa sobre el
+mismo asunto, fija la fecha de uso de tales patentes de temporada: soÌ?lo
+desde el 1º de diciembre de un anÌ?o hasta el 31 de marzo del siguiente;
+ademaÌ?s, autoriza rebajar su monto en un 30%. A su vez, el inciso final del
+artiÌ?culo 28 del D.L. Nº 3.063, de 1979, Ley de Rentas Municipales, anÌ?ade un
+elemento regulatorio maÌ?s, al exigir que los lugares en que las
+municipalidades podraÌ?n otorgar patentes de temporada sean fijados por el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Al igual que los preceptos anteriores de la iniciativa en
+informe que inciden en atribuciones asignadas a las municipalidades por el
+artiÌ?culo 58 de la ley Nº 18.695, la ComisioÌ?n tambieÌ?n rechazoÌ? eÌ?ste, con la
+votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva
+Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 32
+
+
+ Limita la cantidad de patentes de alcoholes que pueden
+otorgarse en cada comuna, sobre una base poblacional: una por cada 600
+habitantes, para los establecimientos de las categoriÌ?as A, E y F. El nuÌ?mero
+exacto seraÌ? fijado trienalmente por el intendente regional, previo informe
+del alcalde, con acuerdo del concejo, de acuerdo con los datos que
+proporcione el Instituto Nacional de EstadiÌ?sticas.
+
+
+ Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 147 de la Ley de Alcoholes. Sin
+embargo, eÌ?ste fija paraÌ?metros menos exigentes: un establecimiento por cada
+400 habitantes y una vigencia de cinco anÌ?os para el liÌ?mite cuantitativo que
+fija la norma. AdemaÌ?s, consigna una prohibicioÌ?n a todas luces justificada,
+cual es que no se renovaraÌ?n las patentes de establecimientos que hayan
+sufrido la clausura definitiva, y regula el procedimiento de remate de las
+patentes impagas, con la salvedad de que si en la comuna respectiva estaÌ?
+excedido el nuÌ?mero de patentes que permite esta norma, no habraÌ? remate y la
+patente insoluta simplemente caducaraÌ?.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acogioÌ? varias de las ideas de este artiÌ?culo,
+planteaÌ?ndolas como una sustitucioÌ?n parcial del artiÌ?culo 147, lo que se
+materializa en el nuÌ?mero 18) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que ella aproboÌ?.
+
+
+ Esas ideas son: elevar el requisito del nuÌ?mero de habitantes a
+600, abreviar a tres anÌ?os el periÌ?odo de vigencia del liÌ?mite numeÌ?rico que
+fija a las patentes este artiÌ?culo, actualizar la denominacioÌ?n del Instituto
+Nacional de EstadiÌ?sticas y recoger el principio de descentralizacioÌ?n y el
+reconocimiento a la autonomiÌ?a municipal que se hace al sustituir la
+intervencioÌ?n del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por la del intendente regional,
+el alcalde y el concejo.
+
+
+ En lo demaÌ?s prefirioÌ? no innovar, no obstante estimar
+excesivamente reglamentario el artiÌ?culo vigente, porque eÌ?l norma
+situaciones no previstas en el precepto despachado en el primer traÌ?mite,
+como la caducidad y el remate de patentes.
+
+
+ Conviene hacer presente que en lo atinente a la
+intervencioÌ?n del intendente regional, del alcalde y del concejo, la
+disposicioÌ?n tiene caraÌ?cter de ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional, puesto que
+involucra adicionar la ley Nº 18.695, sobre Municipalidades, y la ley
+
+Nº 19.175, orgaÌ?nica constitucional sobre Gobierno y AdministracioÌ?n
+Regional.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? se acordoÌ? por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Con la misma unanimidad, la ComisioÌ?n resolvioÌ? dejar
+constancia de que si por aplicacioÌ?n del nuevo texto del artiÌ?culo 147, en
+una comuna resulta que estaÌ? excedido el nuÌ?mero de patentes que es posible
+otorgar, de una o maÌ?s de las categoriÌ?as a que alude este precepto, las que
+esteÌ?n vigentes no caducaraÌ?n por el ministerio de esta ley, sino que, a su
+vencimiento, no podraÌ?n renovarse; asimismo, si en una comuna hubiere un
+nuÌ?mero de patentes otorgadas que supere lo que el artiÌ?culo 147 modificado
+permite, no podraÌ?n concederse otras en reemplazo de aquellas que caduquen
+por cualquier causa.
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 33
+
+
+ Faculta a las municipalidades para ordenar en su
+territorio las normas y criterios conforme a los cuales podraÌ?n instalarse
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y, al mismo tiempo,
+prohibe que eÌ?stos se ubiquen a menos de 100 metros de instituciones de
+educacioÌ?n o de salud.
+
+
+ Repite, mejorando la redaccioÌ?n, lo dispuesto por el
+artiÌ?culo 153 de la Ley de Alcoholes. En cuanto incide en atribuciones
+municipales, posee caraÌ?cter de ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional.
+
+
+ CinÌ?eÌ?ndose al procedimiento general acordado, la ComisioÌ?n
+lo aproboÌ? como reemplazo del citado artiÌ?culo 153, en la forma que expresa
+el nuÌ?mero 20) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que proponemos.
+
+
+ El precepto ha sido complementado por la ComisioÌ?n con dos
+ideas nuevas.
+
+
+ Se adiciona la enunciacioÌ?n de los lugares en cuya cercaniÌ?a
+se impide instalar expendios, con los terminales y garitas de la
+movilizacioÌ?n colectiva, y se faculta a las municipalidades para determinar
+otros sitios y establecimientos en cuyas cercaniÌ?as no se permitiraÌ? instalar
+negocios de alcoholes a una distancia menor a cien metros.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, se consiga un inciso segundo, nuevo, que deja a
+salvo los derechos adquiridos por quienes resulten afectados por esta
+prohibicioÌ?n, despueÌ?s de haber obtenido regularmente una patente de
+alcoholes. A tal efecto se dispone que esos establecimientos podraÌ?n
+funcionar hasta por un anÌ?o maÌ?s, contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de este
+proyecto como ley, lo cual resulta coherente con la vigencia anual de las
+patentes de alcoholes; de modo que las otorgadas regiraÌ?n hasta expirar,
+pero no podraÌ?n renovarse.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? lo acordaron unaÌ?nimemente los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 34
+
+
+ Repite el artiÌ?culo 156 de la ley Nº 17.105, que prohibe a
+las bodegas mayoristas elaboradoras o distribuidoras de vinos y licores
+distribuir sus productos fuera de los horarios permitidos.
+
+
+ Esta es tambieÌ?n una cuestioÌ?n reglada por el artiÌ?culo 58,
+letra nÌ?), de la ley Nº 18.695, esto es, entregada a la esfera de los
+municipios, por lo que la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? el artiÌ?culo en forma unaÌ?nime,
+con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva
+Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 35
+
+
+ Prohibe el funcionamiento en un mismo local de un
+establecimiento de expendio y la casa habitacioÌ?n de cualquier persona. Se
+excepciona a los hoteles, casas de pensioÌ?n y residenciales.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 157 de la Ley de Alcoholes consagra una norma
+similar, con la particularidad de que es maÌ?s comprehensiva que la propuesta
+en su reemplazo, toda vez que impide tambieÌ?n el funcionamiento de un
+expendio de alcoholes en el mismo local en que lo hace un negocio de otro
+giro. Su inciso segundo, sin embargo, excluye de la limitacioÌ?n a quienes
+paguen patente adicional o esteÌ?n ubicados en las provincias de AyseÌ?n y
+Magallanes.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? preferible conservar el primer inciso
+de la norma tal como estaÌ?, porque es maÌ?s riguroso. En el mismo
+predicamento, resolvioÌ? suprimir el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 157 de la ley
+
+Nº 17.105, porque eÌ?l conspira contra los fines que persigue la iniciativa
+en informe, en cuanto introduce un factor de ambiguÌ?edad que puede hacer
+menos eficiente el combate contra el clandestinaje. Lo anterior estaÌ?
+contenido el nuÌ?mero 22) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que figura al final de
+este informe.
+
+
+ Estas decisiones fueron tomadas por unanimidad, por los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 36
+
+
+ Prohibe consumir bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en lugares anexos a
+depoÌ?sitos de las mismas, o ubicados hasta cien metros de distancia, que no
+cuenten con patente. Su contenido es el mismo del artiÌ?culo 158 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, aunque estaÌ? mejor redactado.
+
+
+ Por ello la ComisioÌ?n lo aproboÌ? por unanimidad, como un
+reemplazo del precepto vigente recieÌ?n citado. La modificacioÌ?n estaÌ?
+contenida en el nuÌ?mero 23) del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto. Estuvieron
+por a favor del acuerdo los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y
+Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 37
+
+
+ Enuncia diversos lugares en que queda prohibido el
+expendio, interdiccioÌ?n que es parecida a la del artiÌ?culo 159 de la ley
+
+Nº 17.105. Una diferencia es que el precepto de la CaÌ?mara de origen agrega
+los minimercados situados en estaciones de expendio de combustible, y los
+recintos y campos deportivos; sobre estos uÌ?ltimos, cabe advertir que la
+norma vigente soÌ?lo alude a los espectaÌ?culos de fuÌ?tbol profesional. La otra
+disimilitud entre ambos artiÌ?culos es que el que se propone en lugar del
+actual omite la mencioÌ?n de las estaciones ferroviarias, trenes y demaÌ?s
+elementos de transporte.
+
+
+ Por acuerdo unaÌ?nime, adoptado por los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ? adicionar
+el artiÌ?culo 159 de la Ley de Alcoholes, para anÌ?adir las dos novedades que
+incluye el artiÌ?culo 37 aprobado en el primer traÌ?mite constitucional.
+
+
+ Este acuerdo se expresa en el nuÌ?mero 24) del artiÌ?culo 1º
+del proyecto que proponemos al final, el que incluye tambieÌ?n una correccioÌ?n
+formal, para dar mayor precisioÌ?n a la disposicioÌ?n; en efecto, parecioÌ? maÌ?s
+correcto aludir a vehiÌ?culos de transporte en lugar de elementos de
+transporte.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 38
+
+
+ Restringe la venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en diÌ?a de
+elecciones y penaliza la infraccioÌ?n con prisioÌ?n inconmutable, multa y
+comiso. El artiÌ?culo 161 de la Ley de Alcoholes hace lo propio, con la
+salvedad de que la multa estaÌ? fijada en escudos, moneda que dejoÌ? de tener
+curso legal hace maÌ?s de dos deÌ?cadas [3].
+
+
+ Sin embargo, el artiÌ?culo 116 de la ley Nº 18.700, orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional sobre votaciones populares y escrutinios, contiene
+disposiciones similares a las que se analiza, soÌ?lo que no indica la pena en
+caso de contravencioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Por razones de teÌ?cnica legislativa, la ComisioÌ?n decidioÌ?
+incluir la pena actualizada en este uÌ?ltimo cuerpo legal, enmienda que se
+materializa en el artiÌ?culo 3º del proyecto que propone en este informe. Lo
+que se acordoÌ? por unanimidad, con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma. Este precepto exige quoÌ?rum de ley
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional para su aprobacioÌ?n [4].
+
+
+ Con igual votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime derogoÌ? el artiÌ?culo 161 de la
+ley Nº 17.105, ya que el precepto de la ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional sobre
+votaciones populares y escrutinios, con la adicioÌ?n de las sanciones que se
+ha acordado, se basta a siÌ? mismo. Este acuerdo se concreta en el nuÌ?mero 26)
+del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto de la ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 39
+
+
+ Repite las normas del artiÌ?culo 162 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+sobre el anuncio visible de los lugares de expendio de alcoholes,
+incluyendo la clase de patente, y sobre exhibicioÌ?n de eÌ?sta.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, con la votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, lo eliminoÌ?.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 40
+
+
+ Prohibe a los menores trabajar en lugares de expendio
+salvo que se desempenÌ?en como mensajeros, ascensoristas, porteros,
+aseadores, ayudantes de garzoÌ?n o de cocinero o estudiantes en praÌ?ctica.
+Perfecciona la redaccioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 163 de la Ley de Alcoholes, con su
+mismo contenido.
+
+
+ Por ello la ComisioÌ?n lo aproboÌ? unaÌ?nimemente, como
+reemplazo del precepto vigente. Constituye el nuÌ?mero 27) del artiÌ?culo 1º
+del proyecto de la ComisioÌ?n. Concurrieron al acuerdo los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULOS 41 Y 42
+
+
+ El primero divide en dos la lista de personas impedidas de
+obtener patentes de alcoholes, que actualmente es una sola y estaÌ? en el
+artiÌ?culo 166 de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+
+ Una, de impedimentos fundados en los cargos que detentan
+algunas personas, gravita sobre diputados, senadores, intendentes,
+gobernadores, alcaldes, miembros de los tribunales de justicia, empleados y
+funcionarios fiscales y municipales, consejeros regionales y concejales.
+
+
+ La otra afecta a quienes hayan sido condenados por crimen
+o simple delito, a duenÌ?os o administradores de establecimientos clausurados
+definitivamente y a los menores de edad.
+
+
+ Cabe notar que desaparece la prohibicioÌ?n que hoy pesa
+sobre los industriales que tengan maÌ?s de 20 trabajadores bajo su
+dependencia.
+
+
+ El segundo de los artiÌ?culos en comento regula el
+otorgamiento de patentes de alcoholes a clubes, centros y ciÌ?rculos sociales
+que gocen de personalidad juriÌ?dica. La disposicioÌ?n equivalente actualmente
+en vigor tambieÌ?n forma parte del citado artiÌ?culo 166 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes.
+
+
+ Corresponde dejar sentado, primeramente, que en la medida
+que estos preceptos acotan la atribucioÌ?n municipal contenida en la letra n)
+del artiÌ?culo 58 de la ley Nº 18.695, su o enmienda aprobacioÌ?n requieren
+quoÌ?rum de ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional. Seguidamente, la innovacioÌ?n que el
+artiÌ?culo 42 del proyecto hace en materia de facultades de Carabineros
+requiere iniciativa presidencial: sustituye el informe anual de la
+DireccioÌ?n General por uno de la Prefectura respectiva, que se exige por una
+sola vez.
+
+
+ En tal virtud, la ComisioÌ?n prefirioÌ? rechazarlos y, en su
+lugar, introducir correcciones en el texto del artiÌ?culo 166 vigente, que se
+detallan en el nuÌ?mero 29) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que se propone al
+final.
+
+
+ La letra a) elimina la palabra "municipales" del nuÌ?mero 1
+del artiÌ?culo, porque ella aparece fuera de contexto y carece de sentido.
+
+
+ La letra b) reemplaza el nuÌ?mero 5 del artiÌ?culo 166, que
+conteniÌ?a la prohibicioÌ?n a los industriales, por uno que alude a los
+consejeros regionales, los alcaldes y los concejales.
+
+
+ Estos acuerdos fueron adoptados con la votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma. Dado que el
+segundo afecta a la ley Nº 18.695, ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de
+municipalidades, requiere quoÌ?rum especial para ser aprobado.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 43
+
+
+ Obliga a la municipalidad a suspender una patente
+concedida por error, o que hubiere sido transferida, a algunas de las
+personas afectadas por impedimento de los senÌ?alados en el artiÌ?culo 41 del
+proyecto -artiÌ?culo 166 de la ley vigente-, asiÌ? como aquellas que amparen el
+expendio en un local que no cumpla condiciones de salubridad, higiene y
+seguridad.
+
+
+ En aplicacioÌ?n del criterio general de reducir al miÌ?nimo la
+intervencioÌ?n en lo que respecta a atribuciones municipales, la ComisioÌ?n
+siguioÌ? el camino de complementar el artiÌ?culo 167 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+que versa sobre estos mismo toÌ?picos, con las dos nuevas disposiciones que
+aporta el proyecto en este aspecto. AsiÌ? se estampa en el nuÌ?mero 30) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que incluimos en este informe.
+
+
+ De este modo, la letra a) de dicho nuÌ?mero sustituye el
+encabezamiento del precepto, para ajustarlo a la institucionalidad
+municipal actual y mejorar su redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La letra b) del mismo agrega al nuÌ?mero 1 del artiÌ?culo 167
+de la ley Nº 17.105 una referencia a la transferencia a favor de alguna
+persona con impedimento, de una patente obtenida por interpoÌ?sita persona.
+
+
+ Y la letra c) completa el nuÌ?mero 2 del artiÌ?culo en
+cuestioÌ?n para incorporar entre las causales que facultan a la municipalidad
+para suspender una patente, el incumplimiento de condiciones de seguridad.
+
+
+ Los acuerdos precedentes, que importan modificar
+impliÌ?citamente el artiÌ?culo 58, letra n), de la ley Nº 18.695, orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de municipalidades, requieren quoÌ?rum especial. Ellos fueron
+adoptados por los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma,
+en forma unaÌ?nime.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 44
+
+
+ Al igual que el artiÌ?culo 168 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+prohibe la existencia de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas en locales o establecimientos
+no autorizados para el expendio de las mismas. Presume la existencia para
+un expendio clandestino, si en el mismo lugar se encontraren vasos, medidas
+u otros utensilios destinados a expenderlas, o cuando las bebidas se
+encontraren ocultas.
+
+
+ La infraccioÌ?n se castiga con multa y comiso. En caso de
+reincidencia se agregaraÌ? a las anteriores la pena de clausura y, si hubiere
+una nueva reincidencia, se impondraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, la de prisioÌ?n inconmutable.
+
+
+ El texto propuesto por la CaÌ?mara de Diputados incrementa
+la multa, expresada en sueldos vitales, por otra que puede oscilar entre 10
+y 20 unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, cinÌ?eÌ?ndose a los lineamientos generales
+aprobados al iniciar el estudio pormenorizado del texto de esta iniciativa,
+intervino en el artiÌ?culo 168 de la ley Nº 17.105, para acoger la
+actualizacioÌ?n de la penalidad de la infraccioÌ?n y de las reincidencias,
+aunque amplioÌ? el margen que se indica al juez para fijarla, al estipular
+como miÌ?nimo 5 y como maÌ?ximo 20 unidades tributarias mensuales. Lo que se
+plasma en el nuÌ?mero 31) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? lo acordaron por unanimidad los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 45
+
+
+ Castiga, al igual que el artiÌ?culo 169 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, el expendio clandestino, auÌ?n ocasional, que es el que se hace
+sin contar con la patente correspondiente. Ambos preceptos hacen aplicables
+a esta hipoÌ?tesis las sanciones impuestas a la existencia clandestina de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas por los respectivos artiÌ?culos anteriores. Conforme a la
+regla general del derecho punitivo, responden en el plano infraccional las
+personas naturales, y los representantes de las juriÌ?dicas, que efectuÌ?en
+expendio clandestino.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n el artiÌ?culo penaliza a quienes proveen al comercio
+clandestino, con multas maÌ?s elevadas auÌ?n, como consta en el inciso cuarto
+del artiÌ?culo vigente y en el que se propone para sustituirlo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n detectoÌ? en el precepto en anaÌ?lisis aspectos
+dudosos. Se suprimiriÌ?a el castigo que la ley vigente impone a quienes
+fabrican las bebidas y a los agentes de los mismos, disposicioÌ?n que
+obviamente contribuye al control del clandestinaje, ya que supone que los
+productores deban asegurarse que sus compradores cuentan con la patente que
+los habilita para comerciar bebidas alcohoÌ?licas. DesapareceriÌ?a la
+obligacioÌ?n de vender la cerveza envasada. La referencia a la venta por
+cualquier "medio" no autorizado para hacerlo no aparece suficientemente
+explicada, lo que es riesgoso en una norma que establece sanciones.
+
+
+ Estas cuestiones motivaron que se recogiera uÌ?nicamente el
+aumento de las penas del artiÌ?culo 169; se aprovechoÌ? ademaÌ?s de hacer
+correcciones formales al texto del inciso cuarto, todo lo cual aparece
+expresado en el nuÌ?mero 32) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto. AsiÌ? lo resolvieron
+unaÌ?nimemente los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 46
+
+
+ Casi ideÌ?ntico al artiÌ?culo 170 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+permite al juez conmutar la clausura por prisioÌ?n, si el local en que se
+efectuÌ?a el expendio clandestino es la casa habitacioÌ?n del condenado, o si
+se causa grave danÌ?o a la familia del infractor por la misma circunstancia.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, con la votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, aproboÌ? el nuÌ?mero 33) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que figura al final, que se limita a sustituir en
+el citado artiÌ?culo 170 la palabra "negocio" por "establecimiento".
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 47
+
+
+ Sanciona el otorgamiento de patentes de alcoholes en forma
+ilegal, o sea, en contravencioÌ?n a la Ley de Alcoholes, imponiendo multa a
+beneficio municipal al alcalde, y tambieÌ?n a los funcionarios municipales
+que obrando maliciosamente expidan informes para otorgarlas, o no las
+eliminen cuando proceda.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 171 de la ley Nº 17.105 castiga esas mismas
+conductas, si bien las penas pecuniarias estaÌ?n fijadas en sueldos vitales y
+se imponen tambieÌ?n a los regidores, cargos que hoy en diÌ?a no existen.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por unanimidad, corrigioÌ? el texto vigente
+para consagrar el incremento de la multa y para suprimir la referencia a
+los regidores, como se consigna en el nuÌ?mero 34) del artiÌ?culo 1º de su
+proyecto. Concurrieron al acuerdo con su voto los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTICULOS 48 Y 49
+
+
+ Desglosan y repiten el artiÌ?culo 172 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, que contiene la sancioÌ?n residual de la ley, esto es, la que se
+aplica en caso que la infraccioÌ?n cometida no tenga asignada una pena
+especiÌ?fica y determinada.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 172 de la ley Nº 17.105 senÌ?ala una multa
+residual, de un cuarto a medio sueldo vital mensual, por la primera
+infraccioÌ?n; la segunda es penada con el doble de la multa impuesta la
+primera vez y la tercera con el triple; a la cuarta infraccioÌ?n, ademaÌ?s del
+triple de la multa aplicada por la primera, se debe decretar la clausura
+por quince diÌ?as, castigo adicional que se eleva a un mes en el evento de
+una quinta infraccioÌ?n; la clausura definitiva se aplica soÌ?lo luego de la
+sexta infraccioÌ?n. Todo lo anterior siempre que las contravenciones
+reiteradas hayan ocurrido dentro de los doce meses anteriores a la que se
+sanciona. La multa es conmutable, en caso de no pago, por un diÌ?a de prisioÌ?n
+por cada centeÌ?simo de sueldo vital, con un liÌ?mite de sesenta diÌ?as. La
+clausura definitiva no impide que el establecimiento se reabra por distinto
+duenÌ?o, que ostente una nueva patente de alcoholes; la misma regla se aplica
+para reabrirlo antes de que expire el teÌ?rmino de una clausura temporal. El
+propietario puede pedir alzamiento de la medida, si va a destinar el
+inmueble a otro uso. La violacioÌ?n de una clausura se castiga con prisioÌ?n
+inconmutable y comiso.
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 48 y 49 del proyecto separan el contenido
+del que se ha expuesto, en dos preceptos.
+
+
+ El primero se refiere a las sanciones residuales. Su
+novedad estriba en que, aparte de senÌ?alar las multas en unidades
+tributarias mensuales, impone la clausura definitiva a la tercera
+infraccioÌ?n. Se mantiene la regla de conmutabilidad de la multa en prisioÌ?n,
+con un maÌ?ximo de 60 diÌ?as.
+
+
+ El segundo se ocupa del alzamiento de la clausura
+definitiva o temporal, en caso de cambiar el duenÌ?o o el destino del
+inmueble, respectivamente, y de la sancioÌ?n por quebrantarla, aspectos en
+los cuales no innova respecto del texto vigente. En este artiÌ?culo se
+consigna la disposicioÌ?n que toma en consideracioÌ?n soÌ?lo las contravenciones
+cometidas en los doce meses anteriores a la que se juzga, lo que introduce
+un grado de incertidumbre, toda vez que la reincidencia y la reiteracioÌ?n
+aparecen sancionadas en el precepto anterior.
+
+
+ En razoÌ?n de lo que se ha dicho, la ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? ambos
+artiÌ?culos, planteaÌ?ndolos, en el nuÌ?mero 35) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto,
+como un reemplazo del artiÌ?culo 172 por dos nuevos, signados con los nuÌ?meros
+172 y 172 bis. AdemaÌ?s, trasladoÌ? el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 49, al
+precepto que se propone como nuevo artiÌ?culo 172, porque es en este uÌ?ltimo
+donde se tipifican y sancionan la reincidencia y la reiteracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Como corolario de lo anterior, la ComisioÌ?n modificoÌ? el
+inciso cuarto del artiÌ?culo 114 de la Ley de Alcoholes, que contiene una
+referencia al artiÌ?culo 172 de la misma, para concordarlo con las enmiendas
+hechas a eÌ?ste. Es el nuÌ?mero 2) del artiÌ?culo 1º de nuestro proyecto.
+
+
+ Todos estos acuerdos fueron aprobados por la unanimidad de
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 50
+
+
+ Repite el contenido del artiÌ?culo 173 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, adicionando entre los titulares de la accioÌ?n para recabar la
+clausura definitiva de establecimientos que constituyan un peligro para la
+tranquilidad o la moral puÌ?blicas, a los alcaldes y al concejo municipal. En
+este caso no se exige la reiteracioÌ?n de transgresiones.
+
+
+ Por tratarse de una disposicioÌ?n que confiere nuevas
+atribuciones a las autoridades comunales, debe ser aprobada con quoÌ?rum de
+ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? intercalar a esos dos nuevos litigantes
+en el artiÌ?culo 173, lo que se cumple en el nuÌ?mero 36) del artiÌ?culo 1º del
+proyecto. El acuerdo unaÌ?nime se formoÌ? con los votos de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 51
+
+
+ Repite sin maÌ?s el artiÌ?culo 175 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+sobre responsabilidad civil solidaria de los duenÌ?os, empresarios o regentes
+de expendios de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, respecto de las sanciones pecuniarias
+que se impongan por infracciones a dicha ley.
+
+
+ La unanimidad formada por los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma votoÌ? en contra, por lo que este artiÌ?culo
+fue suprimido.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 52
+
+
+ Actualiza el contenido del artiÌ?culo 176 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes. Se refiere a la disposicioÌ?n de las especies decomisadas por viÌ?a
+de sancioÌ?n a las disposiciones de la Ley de Alcoholes, la que debe hacerse
+en puÌ?blica subasta, y al destino de los fondos asiÌ? recaudados, a saber, el
+financiamiento de programas de prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n de bebedores
+problema y enfermos alcohoÌ?licos.
+
+
+ Los representantes del Instituto de Jueces de PoliciÌ?a
+Local manifestaron que en sus tribunales el precepto es impracticable, por
+la escasez de personal y dado lo exiguo de los espacios en que funcionan.
+
+
+ En vista de lo anterior, la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? reemplazar el
+artiÌ?culo 176 de la ley Nº 17.105 por el texto del artiÌ?culo 52 del proyecto,
+con algunas enmiendas. AsiÌ? se estampa en el nuÌ?mero 37) del artiÌ?culo 1º del
+proyecto.
+
+
+ Los bienes decomisados se depositaraÌ?n en recintos que las
+municipalidades deberaÌ?n habilitar, si un tribunal lo requiere.
+
+
+ Se faculta a los tribunales para designar un martillero
+puÌ?blico, si no contaren con el personal suficiente o idoÌ?neo para hacerse
+cargo del remate. El depoÌ?sito de los fondos recaudados por esta viÌ?a se haraÌ?
+en la tesoreriÌ?a regional o provincial respectiva, pues no existen hoy en
+diÌ?a tesoreriÌ?as comunales, como dice la ley vigente, ni en todas las
+provincias hay tesoreriÌ?as provinciales, que es la formulacioÌ?n que hace el
+proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de origen.
+
+
+ Estos acuerdos se adoptaron por unanimidad, por los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ TITULO V
+
+
+ Contiene normas sobre competencia y procedimiento.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULOS 53 A 56
+
+
+ Estos preceptos contienen la mayor parte de las
+disposiciones de los artiÌ?culos 178, 179, 180 y 181 de la Ley de Alcoholes,
+que regulan el procedimiento por infracciones a sus normas. En general, las
+mejoran y las estatuyen de un modo maÌ?s apropiado desde el punto de vista de
+la teÌ?cnica juriÌ?dica, y maÌ?s adecuado a las tendencias actuales del derecho
+procesal y a la preceptiva de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica de
+1980.
+
+
+ Desde otro punto de vista, hay que tener presente que se
+tramita en el Congreso Nacional un proyecto de ley que modifica
+sustancialmente el CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal.
+
+
+ Ponderando estas razones, la ComisioÌ?n abrogoÌ? los artiÌ?culos
+178 a 181 de la ley Nº 17.105, lo que se concreta mediante el nuÌ?mero 38)
+del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que se propone al final.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? lo acordaron por unanimidad los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Enseguida, por el nuÌ?mero 44) del mismo artiÌ?culo 1º,
+trasladoÌ? el articulado sobre procedimiento del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de
+Diputados, con muy pocas modificaciones, como disposiciones transitorias de
+la ley Nº 17.105. Se pretende limitar la vigencia de estos procedimientos
+especiales de alcoholes, hasta que entre en vigor el nuevo CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal. De este modo se simplificaraÌ?n los procedimientos, ya
+que las faltas y los delitos previstos en la Ley de Alcoholes se
+investigaraÌ?n y juzgaraÌ?n conforme a las reglas generales que para cada uno
+de estos tipos de iliÌ?cito consulte el nuevo CoÌ?digo.
+
+
+ El presente proyecto de ley no altera en nada las reglas
+de competencia en materia de infracciones y delitos de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio que proponemos en nuestro
+proyecto fija el marco temporal de aplicacioÌ?n de los procedimientos,
+aspecto en el cual se puede distinguir cinco situaciones diferentes: 1) los
+procesos ya iniciados bajo el imperio de la ley Nº 17.105 cuando entre en
+vigor el presente proyecto como ley, continuaraÌ?n rigieÌ?ndose por las normas
+de aqueÌ?lla, hasta su total terminacioÌ?n; 2) los iniciados despueÌ?s de
+publicada esta ley, por hechos acaecidos con anterioridad a esa fecha, se
+tramitaraÌ?n igualmente por las disposiciones de la ley Nº 17.105 vigentes
+hoy en diÌ?a, hasta la sentencia de teÌ?rmino; 3) los procesos que se inicien
+a partir del diÌ?a en que entre a regir como ley el presente proyecto, por
+hechos coetaÌ?neos o posteriores a la misma fecha, se sustanciaraÌ?n y fallaraÌ?n
+conforme a los preceptos transitorios que esta iniciativa agrega a la ley
+Nº 17.105; 4) los procesos que se inicien una vez vigente el nuevo CoÌ?digo
+de Procedimiento Penal, que recaigan en hechos sucedidos antes de eso, se
+regiraÌ?n igualmente por los nuevos artiÌ?culos transitorios de la Ley de
+Alcoholes que agrega este proyecto, y 5) los procesos incoados bajo la
+vigencia del nuevo CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, por hechos ocurridos con
+posterioridad a esa circunstancia, deberaÌ?n cenÌ?irse a la preceptiva del
+mencionado CoÌ?digo.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 2º transitorio consigna quienes pueden poner
+en marcha un proceso contravencional ante los juzgados de policiÌ?a local:
+los agentes de la policiÌ?a; los inspectores fiscales y municipales, si se
+tratare de infracciones de competencia de los mencionados juzgados, y el
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes, tanto las que comprobaren
+directamente sus funcionarios, cuanto aquellas de que tomaren conocimiento
+por denuncia de los intendentes, gobernadores, alcaldes, concejales,
+directores de establecimientos educacionales, juntas de vecinos, entidades
+sociales, de beneficencia y de asistencia y proteccioÌ?n de menores en
+situacioÌ?n irregular. Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 53 del proyecto de ley de la
+CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+ De acuerdo con el artiÌ?culo 3º transitorio, si el inculpado
+admite su responsabilidad y se allana a la sancioÌ?n, se le rebaja eÌ?sta en un
+grado y se dicta sentencia de inmediato; el fallo no es susceptible de
+recurso alguno. El parte o denuncia es prueba suficiente del hecho.
+Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 54 del proyecto de ley de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 4º transitorio se refiere al caso del
+inculpado que no reconoce los hechos o no se conforma con la sancioÌ?n,
+evento en el cual se pone en marcha el proceso, de acuerdo con el
+procedimiento ante los juzgados de policiÌ?a local, que es el senÌ?alado en la
+ley Nº 18.287. Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 55 del proyecto de ley de la CaÌ?mara
+de Diputados.
+
+
+ Acogiendo una observacioÌ?n del Instituto de Jueces de
+PoliciÌ?a Local se eliminoÌ? la frase sobre libertad condicional que figuraba
+en el citado artiÌ?culo 55, porque esos tribunales, en materia de alcoholes,
+soÌ?lo conocen de faltas, las cuales ameritan uÌ?nicamente citacioÌ?n y no
+detencioÌ?n preventiva, conforme a las reglas generales.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 5º transitorio aplica a las causas por delito
+de conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos o de desempenÌ?o en determinadas maquinarias o
+funciones, en estado de ebriedad, el procedimiento para simples delitos que
+establece el TiÌ?tulo I del Libro Tercero del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal,
+con un considerable nuÌ?mero de reglas especiales, que recogen y repiten las
+que actualmente estaÌ?n consagradas en el artiÌ?culo 181 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes. Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 55 del proyecto de ley de la CaÌ?mara de
+Diputados.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el artiÌ?culo 6º transitorio, que alberga el
+contenido del artiÌ?culo 56 del proyecto de ley de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados, da
+caraÌ?cter de prueba testimonial a las declaraciones contenidas en los partes
+o denuncias, que esteÌ?n firmadas por el denunciante y certificadas por su
+superior jeraÌ?rquico. La comparecencia de los funcionarios para ratificar
+sus dichos es opcional y para decretarla el juez deberaÌ? fundamentar su
+resolucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Todos estos acuerdos fueron unaÌ?nimes. Concurrieron a su
+adopcioÌ?n los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 57
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala que, para efectos del pago, las multas expresadas
+en unidades tributarias mensuales se convertiraÌ?n a pesos seguÌ?n el valor de
+aquella unidad a la fecha del pago efectivo. TambieÌ?n faculta al juez para
+moderar la multa en razoÌ?n de las facultades econoÌ?micas del condenado, y
+para suspenderla en casos muy calificados.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n procedioÌ? a aprobarlo, formulado como un
+reemplazo del artiÌ?culo 188 de la Ley de Alcoholes, que dispone que las
+referencias al sueldo vital que hace la ley deben entenderse hechas al de
+la escala A para empleados de la industria y el comercio del departamento
+de Santiago, norma a todas luces obsoleta. Es el nuÌ?mero 42) del artiÌ?culo 1º
+del proyecto de ley que se propone en este informe.
+
+
+ Acordado unaÌ?nimemente, por los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 58
+
+
+ Reproduce el artiÌ?culo 182 de la ley Nº 17.105, mejorando
+su redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Estipula que las responsabilidades pecuniarias
+provenientes de infracciones a la Ley de Alcoholes gozaraÌ?n del mismo
+privilegio que tienen los impuestos fiscales, seguÌ?n las reglas de prelacioÌ?n
+del CoÌ?digo Civil. O sea, ocupan el noveno lugar de los creÌ?ditos de primera
+clase [5].
+
+
+ Hace solidariamente responsable de dichas obligaciones
+pecuniarias al adquirente a cualquier tiÌ?tulo de un establecimiento de
+expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n lo aproboÌ?, en el nuÌ?mero 39) del artiÌ?culo 1º
+del proyecto que propone, como un reemplazo del mencionado artiÌ?culo 182. La
+votacioÌ?n fue unaÌ?nime y se manifestaron a favor los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 59
+
+
+ Estipula que la sentencia condenatoria por ebriedad, por
+consumo abusivo de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y por desempenÌ?o o conduccioÌ?n en
+estado de ebriedad, impondraÌ? obligatoriamente al condenado el deber de
+someterse al examen de un meÌ?dico calificado por el Servicio de Salud
+correspondiente, reconocimiento que podraÌ? decretarse desde el inicio del
+juicio y que determinaraÌ? si hay dependencia, eventualmente el grado de la
+misma y el tratamiento que se recomienda. Se faculta al juez para arbitrar
+todas las medidas conducentes, incluso el apremio personal reiterable, en
+caso que el afectado se niegue a sujetarse al examen, o al tratamiento, o a
+pagar su costo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, lo rechazoÌ?, porque consideroÌ?
+suficientes las normas sobre tratamiento de enfermos alcohoÌ?licos y
+bebedores excesivos incorporadas al artiÌ?culo 118 de la Ley de Alcoholes en
+virtud del nuÌ?mero 5) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto, y porque aprecioÌ? como
+excesivamente rigurosas y lesivas para las garantiÌ?as personales las
+disposiciones de este artiÌ?culo 59.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 60
+
+
+ Es un precepto nuevo. Otorga al juez la facultad para
+conmutar por trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad, con acuerdo del
+condenado, las sanciones que le hubiere impuesto. El beneficio es
+improcedente si el infractor ha quebrantado una condena.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n del tribunal debe fijar el tipo de trabajo a
+realizar, el lugar en que se efectuaraÌ?, la duracioÌ?n del mismo y la forma de
+controlarlo. Debe precaver que no se afecte la jornada laboral del
+condenado y no puede exceder de 8 horas semanales. La no realizacioÌ?n cabal
+y oportuna de las labores comprometidas hace caducar el beneficio de
+cumplimiento alternativo de la pena.
+
+
+ Con la votacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, la ComisioÌ?n lo aproboÌ?, como artiÌ?culo
+191 de la ley Nº 17.105, lo que se consigna en el nuÌ?mero 43) del artiÌ?culo
+1º del proyecto.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 61
+
+
+ Ordena que las multas impuestas por los juzgados de
+policiÌ?a local se enteren en la tesoreriÌ?a municipal respectiva, y que las
+que apliquen los jueces del crimen, lo sean en la provincial
+correspondiente.
+
+
+ Corresponde al artiÌ?culo 183 de la Ley de Alcoholes, seguÌ?n
+el cual todas las multas deben ser depositadas por el secretario del
+juzgado que las reciba, en la tesoreriÌ?a fiscal respectiva.
+
+
+ Debe tenerse presente que, como ya se ha dicho, no hay
+tesoreriÌ?as en todas las provincias del paiÌ?s; y que a la eÌ?poca de la ley Nº
+17.105 la expresioÌ?n "tesoreriÌ?as fiscales" comprendiÌ?a tanto a las
+provinciales como a las comunales, hoy desaparecidas, pero en ninguÌ?n caso a
+las municipales.
+
+
+ En vista de ello, la ComisioÌ?n, no obstante compartir el
+criterio de distribucioÌ?n de los ingresos provenientes de multas que viene
+propuesto en el proyecto aprobado en primer traÌ?mite, se vio en la necesidad
+de rechazar este artiÌ?culo, porque eÌ?l aborda una materia que es de
+iniciativa exclusiva del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, como es la
+administracioÌ?n presupuestaria. Lo cual no obsta a que el Jefe del Estado lo
+proponga como una indicacioÌ?n suya, durante el resto de la tramitacioÌ?n del
+proyecto.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? lo acordaron unaÌ?nimemente los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 62
+
+
+ Tal como su homoÌ?logo, el artiÌ?culo 185 de la Ley de
+Alcoholes, eÌ?ste ordena a los tribunales remitir mensualmente al
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes una lista de las sentencias
+dictadas y de las multas percibidas.
+
+
+ Teniendo presente que esta norma grava innecesariamente la
+gestioÌ?n de los tribunales con tareas burocraÌ?ticas que en estricto rigor no
+son de su incumbencia, puesto que debiera ser el Departamento de Defensa de
+la Ley de Alcoholes el que se preocupara de estar al diÌ?a en la informacioÌ?n
+concerniente a su obligacioÌ?n legal, la ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma, rechazoÌ? el
+artiÌ?culo 62 y, ademaÌ?s, eliminoÌ? el artiÌ?culo 185 de la ley Nº 17.105. Lo que
+se ve reflejado en el nuÌ?mero 40) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto que aparece
+al final de este informe.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 63
+
+
+ Su primer inciso asigna como honorario uÌ?nico de los
+abogados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes, por sus
+actuaciones en las causas de la Ley de Alcoholes, el 10% del total de las
+multas. El pago es mensual y corresponde hacerlo a la tesoreriÌ?a respectiva.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo distribuye el saldo entre los Servicios
+de Salud -40%- y las municipalidades -60%-, para que financien programas de
+prevencioÌ?n del alcoholismo y de rehabilitacioÌ?n de enfermos alcohoÌ?licos.
+Esta disposicioÌ?n introduce un criterio de distribucioÌ?n entre los municipios
+que, a juicio de la ComisioÌ?n, seraÌ? impracticable: el reparto deberiÌ?a
+hacerse sobre las bases de la poblacioÌ?n de la comuna y de las estadiÌ?sticas
+sobre incidencia local de problemas de alcoholismo.
+
+
+ Por ello se dividioÌ? la votacioÌ?n, y se aproboÌ? el primer
+inciso, asiÌ? como el segundo, sin la frase referente a la distribucioÌ?n entre
+municipalidades. Se formuloÌ? el precepto como sustitucioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 186
+de la ley Nº 17.105, tal como figura en el nuÌ?mero 41) del artiÌ?culo 1º de
+nuestro proyecto.
+
+
+ El acuerdo fue unaÌ?nime y concurrieron a eÌ?l los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 64
+
+
+ Deroga el Libro Segundo de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ En consonancia con el procedimiento seguido por la
+ComisioÌ?n, ella rechazoÌ? unaÌ?nimemente este artiÌ?culo. Votaron por la supresioÌ?n
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 1º TRANSITORIO
+
+
+ Dispone que las causas de alcoholes pendientes a la fecha
+de entrar en vigor como ley el presente proyecto continuaraÌ?n radicadas en
+los mismos tribunales, hasta su total terminacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La norma estaÌ? incluida en el artiÌ?culo 1º transitorio que
+en nuestro proyecto de ley proponemos incorporar a la ley Nº 17.105, por lo
+que este precepto resulta innecesario.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n lo rechazoÌ? por unanimidad, con los votos de
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 2º TRANSITORIO
+
+
+ Establece que las nuevas limitaciones al nuÌ?mero y
+distribucioÌ?n de patentes que se fijen en aplicacioÌ?n de las disposiciones
+del proyecto comenzaraÌ?n a regir el 1º de enero del anÌ?o siguiente a la fecha
+de vigencia de la ley.
+
+
+ Las reglas que fijoÌ? la ComisioÌ?n en los respectivos
+preceptos, a saber, los nuÌ?meros 18) y 20) del artiÌ?culo 1º, complementadas
+con la constancia respecto de lo resuelto en relacioÌ?n con el artiÌ?culo 32
+del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados, son maÌ?s flexibles y no afectan
+derechos adquiridos.
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo transitorio fue rechazado por unanimidad,
+con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva
+Cimma.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+4
+
+ OTRAS MODIFICACIONES
+
+
+ Para dar coherencia interna a la Ley de Alcoholes, la
+ComisioÌ?n introdujo modificaciones nuevas, que no necesariamente se vinculan
+con el articulado del proyecto de la CaÌ?mara de Diputados, pero que guardan
+consonancia con los criterios generales de modernizar las disposiciones
+pertinentes, adecuarlas a los cambios ocurridos en la legislacioÌ?n y elevar
+las multas, expresaÌ?ndolas en unidades tributarias mensuales o fracciones de
+las mismas. Responden a este predicamento las siguientes disposiciones:
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 4) del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto de la ComisioÌ?n
+modifica el artiÌ?culo 117 de la Ley de Alcoholes, para reemplazar la multa
+de diez centeÌ?simos de sueldo vital por otra, de media unidad tributaria
+mensual.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 10) del mismo artiÌ?culo eleva la multa del
+artiÌ?culo 128, que estaÌ? fijada en Eº 4,50, a una sancioÌ?n pecuniaria que
+puede ir de una a tres unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ A su vez, el nuÌ?mero 12) del artiÌ?culo 1º reemplaza la multa
+del artiÌ?culo 132, que es de un quinto de sueldo vital mensual, por otra que
+va de una a tres unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, como las TesoreriÌ?as de comunas fueron suprimidas a
+partir del 1º de enero de 1982 [6], se elimina el vocablo "comunales"; de
+modo tal que la venta de los carteles con el extracto de la Ley de
+Alcoholes que deben exhibirse en los lugares de expendio se haraÌ? en las
+tesoreriÌ?as respectivas, esto es, las regionales o provinciales que
+correspondan.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 14) del artiÌ?culo 1º adecua el artiÌ?culo 136 de la
+ley Nº 17.105 a lo dispuesto por la ley Nº 19.221, que fijoÌ? la mayoriÌ?a de
+edad a los 18 anÌ?os.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 19) del artiÌ?culo 1º elimina del artiÌ?culo 150 de
+la Ley de Alcoholes la parte en que se remite al inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 140, porque el artiÌ?culo que hemos aprobado en su reemplazo consta
+de un solo inciso.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 21) del artiÌ?culo 1º eleva la multa del artiÌ?culo
+154 de la Ley de Alcoholes, que estaÌ? fijada en fracciones de sueldo vital,
+a un cuarto de unidad tributaria mensual.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+RiÌ?os, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 25) del artiÌ?culo 1º fija en una unidad
+tributaria mensual la multa que el artiÌ?culo 160 impone, expresada en
+fracciones de sueldo vital, a quienes infrinjan la declaracioÌ?n de ley seca
+en una zona determinada por el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Acordado por la unanimidad de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Bombal, Ruiz-Esquide y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+
+5 MODIFICACIONES
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de las consideraciones expuestas, vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n de Salud tiene el honor de proponeros aprobar las siguientes
+modificaciones al texto del proyecto de ley aprobado en el primer traÌ?mite
+constitucional:
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Consultar al inicio del proyecto, el siguiente
+encabezamiento, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones en la ley
+Nº 17.105:".
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 1) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"1) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 113 como se expresa a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+a) AgreÌ?gase al final del inciso primero, la siguiente oracioÌ?n: "Se le
+impondraÌ? ademaÌ?s multa de media unidad tributaria mensual."
+
+
+b) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso tercero, a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n "La pena",
+lo siguiente: "de trabajos", y reemplaÌ?zase la frase "un ciento veinte a un
+cien avo de un sueldo vital" por "un deÌ?cimo de unidad tributaria mensual".
+
+
+c) IntercaÌ?lase en el inciso quinto, luego de los vocablos "comprobado su
+domicilio", las palabras "e identidad", y agreÌ?gase la siguiente frase final
+en el mismo inciso: "Carabineros de Chile deberaÌ? dar cuenta al juzgado
+competente de las consignaciones percibidas y de la identidad y domicilio
+de las personas detenidas que las hayan efectuado, en la primera
+audiencia.".
+
+
+d) SupriÌ?mese en el inciso sexto, las palabras "No obstante," e iniÌ?ciase con
+mayuÌ?scula el adverbio "si" que figura a continuacioÌ?n.".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+
+ Su primer inciso queda subsumido en la letra a) del nuÌ?mero
+1) del artiÌ?culo 1º. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ El inciso segundo pasa a ser nuÌ?mero 21) del mismo
+artiÌ?culo, sustituido como sigue:
+
+
+"21) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 154 la expresioÌ?n "un
+octavo a un cuarto de sueldo vital mensual" por "un cuarto de unidad
+tributaria mensual".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 3) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"3) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 116, entre las palabras "encontrados" y "en
+manifiesto estado de embriaguez", los teÌ?rminos "bebiendo o".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 4), nuevo al artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"4) En el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 117, reemplaÌ?zase la expresioÌ?n "diez
+centeÌ?simos de sueldo vital" por "media unidad tributaria mensual".". (3 x
+0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 5) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"5) SustituÌ?yese el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 118 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "El juez que dictare el uÌ?ltimo fallo podraÌ? ordenar que la persona
+condenada por ebriedad por sentencia firme o ejecutoriada, tres o maÌ?s veces
+en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, asista obligatoriamente, durante el plazo que
+indique y seguÌ?n lo senÌ?ale un informe de un meÌ?dico legista o especialista, a
+programas de educacioÌ?n y de prevencioÌ?n sobre los efectos del consumo
+excesivo de alcohol, que se entreguen en los Servicios de Salud,
+Municipalidades o Instituciones dedicadas a dicho objeto, o a un programa
+de tratamiento para bebedores y alcohoÌ?licos, ya sea en forma ambulatoria u
+hospitalizada, sin perjuicio de que cumpla con las otras sanciones que le
+sean aplicadas.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 8º
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. ( 3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 9º
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por los siguientes nuÌ?meros 7) y 8) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "7) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 123 por el siguiente:
+
+
+"ArtiÌ?culo 123.- Los propietarios, representantes legales o empleados de los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas
+dentro del mismo local, que admitan ebrios en el lugar de la venta o en sus
+dependencias, o que permitan a sus consumidores beber hasta embriagarse,
+seraÌ?n castigados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias
+mensuales.
+
+
+En igual pena incurriraÌ?n las personas arriba senÌ?aladas que toleren que se
+cometan escaÌ?ndalos o se provoquen desoÌ?rdenes dentro de sus
+establecimientos.
+
+
+Las personas a que se refiere el inciso primero, que proporcionen, vendan u
+obsequien bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a un funcionario fiscalizador en servicio, ya
+sea para ser consumidas en el establecimiento o fuera de eÌ?l, seraÌ?n
+castigados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+En caso de haberse proporcionado a un funcionario fiscalizador en servicio,
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas hasta que eÌ?ste llegue a embriagarse, se aplicaraÌ? a los
+duenÌ?os o empresarios de los establecimientos respectivos, la pena de
+prisioÌ?n en su grado maÌ?ximo, inconmutable.
+
+
+ Se prohibe a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os adquirir bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas. La infraccioÌ?n a esta prohibicioÌ?n daraÌ? lugar a lo dispuesto por
+el artiÌ?culo 16 de la ley Nº 16.618.
+
+
+Los propietarios, representantes legales o empleados de establecimientos
+clasificados en el artiÌ?culo 140, que vendan, proporcionen o suministren
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a menores de edad, seraÌ?n castigados con una multa de
+tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+Los duenÌ?os, empresarios, administradores o empleados de los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas indicados en el inciso
+anterior, deberaÌ?n exigir a sus consumidores, que aparentemente tengan menos
+de dieciocho anÌ?os, su carnet de identidad, antes de suministrarles dichas
+bebidas.
+
+
+En los negocios indicados en el artiÌ?culo 140 soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ? el
+suministro de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os, cuando
+concurran acompanÌ?ados de sus padres o representantes a los recintos
+destinados a comedores, dentro de las horas senÌ?aladas en la presente ley.
+
+
+Los propietarios, representantes legales o empleados que infrinjan la
+disposicioÌ?n del inciso anterior, seraÌ?n castigados con una multa de tres a
+diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+Para acreditar la circunstancia de que una persona es menor de dieciocho
+anÌ?os, a falta del respectivo certificado de nacimiento, bastaraÌ? la ceÌ?dula
+de identidad o cualquier otro medio de prueba que establezca en forma
+fehaciente dicha circunstancia.
+
+
+En los casos previstos en el presente artiÌ?culo en que haya tenido
+participacioÌ?n un menor, una vez comprobada su edad, eÌ?l seraÌ? entregado por
+Carabineros a sus padres o a su guardador.".
+
+
+8) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 124 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 124.- Los que reincidan en las infracciones del artiÌ?culo
+anterior seraÌ?n sancionados con el doble de la multa aplicada a la primera
+infraccioÌ?n. La tercera transgresioÌ?n de esta disposicioÌ?n se sancionaraÌ? con
+la clausura definitiva del establecimiento.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de determinar la reincidencia, se consideraraÌ?n las
+infracciones cometidas y sancionadas por sentencia firme en los uÌ?ltimos
+doce meses anteriores a la que dio lugar al juicio.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (4 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 11
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 9) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "9) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 127 la frase "a la
+mujer o a los hijos menores del ebrio" por "al coÌ?nyuge, al padre o a la
+madre de los menores, seguÌ?n sea el caso".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 10), nuevo, al artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "10) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 128 la expresioÌ?n
+
+"Eº 4,50" por "una a tres unidades tributarias mensuales".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+
+ Refundirlo con el artiÌ?culo 14, como nuÌ?mero 11) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º, con el siguiente texto:
+
+
+ "11) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 130 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 130.- En todos los establecimientos educacionales del paiÌ?s,
+de ensenÌ?anza preescolar, baÌ?sica, media y diferencial, se implementaraÌ?n
+programas educativos, en cada uno de los anÌ?os de estudio, orientados a la
+formacioÌ?n de vida saludable y al desarrollo de factores protectores contra
+el abuso del alcohol.
+
+
+ En estos programas participaraÌ? la comunidad escolar, incluidos los
+profesores, alumnos, administrativos, padres y apoderados. El desarrollo
+de estos programas seraÌ? parte del plan de actividades de cada
+establecimiento educacional. El Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n entregaraÌ? las
+orientaciones y supervisaraÌ? la implementacioÌ?n de dichos programas. Estas
+orientaciones deberaÌ?n considerar la participacioÌ?n del Ministerio de Salud.
+
+
+ Se prohibe la venta, suministro o consumo de toda clase de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, en forma habitual y permanente, en los establecimientos
+educacionales. La infraccioÌ?n seraÌ? penada con multa de uno a cinco unidades
+tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+Con el objeto de facilitar el cumplimiento de los programas educativos
+descritos en los incisos anteriores, el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n determinaraÌ?
+los materiales educativos que se utilizaraÌ?n para ese fin, proporcionaraÌ? los
+medios necesarios para que se cuente con ellos en los establecimientos
+educacionales de menores recursos y organizaraÌ? cursos de capacitacioÌ?n de
+profesores que permitan disponer de docentes especializados en la
+prevencioÌ?n del abuso en el consumo del alcohol.
+
+
+ Una comisioÌ?n interministerial, compuesta por representantes de los
+Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo y PrevisioÌ?n Social, estaraÌ?
+encargada de implementar y fomentar programas de prevencioÌ?n del abuso de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser impartidos en empresas, servicios puÌ?blicos y
+municipalidades, y de arbitrar las medidas y efectuar los estudios
+necesarios para evaluar sus resultados.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - - -
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 12), nuevo, al artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "12) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 132 la frase "un
+quinto de sueldo vital mensual" por "una a tres unidades tributarias
+mensuales", y supriÌ?mese el vocablo "Comunales", las dos veces que alliÌ?
+figura.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 2º, reemplazado por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ARTIÌ?CULO 2º.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones en la ley
+Nº 18.455:
+
+
+a) AgreÌ?gase al final del inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 34 la siguiente
+oracioÌ?n. "En ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n expenderse productos envasados en sobres o
+bolsas.".
+
+
+b) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 35, a continuacioÌ?n de la
+palabra "volumen", lo siguiente: "y un mensaje que induzca a la moderacioÌ?n
+en su consumo".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+
+ Como se dijo, ha pasado a formar parte del nuÌ?mero 11) del
+artiÌ?culo 1º, refundido con el artiÌ?culo 12. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 15
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culos 17 y 18
+
+
+ Refundirlos en el siguiente nuÌ?mero 13) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"13) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 135 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 135.- El coÌ?nyuge o el padre o la madre de familia que
+habitualmente se encontrare bajo la influencia del alcohol, de modo que no
+le sea posible administrar correctamente sus negocios o sustentar a su
+coÌ?nyuge e hijos, podraÌ? ser internado en hospitales que cuenten con
+programas de tratamiento para bebedores problema y alcohoÌ?licos, a peticioÌ?n
+de cualquiera de los miembros mayores de edad de su familia. Si la
+solicitud se funda en mala administracioÌ?n de los negocios, el interesado
+deberaÌ? probar que resulta lesionado por eÌ?sta.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? con conocimiento de causa, breve y sumariamente,
+oyendo personalmente al interesado y a sus parientes, previo informe de un
+meÌ?dico legista o especialista que establezca la circunstancia de que se
+trata de un alcohoÌ?lico y precise la duracioÌ?n que deba darse al tratamiento.
+Contra la resolucioÌ?n judicial que se dicte soÌ?lo procederaÌ? el recurso de
+apelacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El menor sometido a tutela o curaduriÌ?a podraÌ? ser internado a peticioÌ?n
+del tutor o curador en conformidad a las disposiciones del inciso
+precedente. El hijo ebrio que se encuentre bajo patria potestad podraÌ? ser
+internado a peticioÌ?n del padre o la madre, en su caso, por el periÌ?odo que
+fije la DireccioÌ?n del Centro.
+
+
+
+ Cualquiera de los miembros del grupo familiar podraÌ? solicitar que a
+la persona que se encuentre de ordinario bajo los efectos del alcohol y que
+maltrate habitualmente de obra o de palabra a alguno de los componentes del
+grupo le sean aplicables todas o algunas de las medidas establecidas en la
+letra h) del artiÌ?culo 3º de la ley Nº 19.325, sobre Violencia
+Intrafamiliar.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? en la forma establecida en el inciso segundo de
+este artiÌ?culo, debiendo precisar la duracioÌ?n de las medidas indicadas
+precedentemente, las que son esencialmente temporales y no podraÌ?n exceder
+de sesenta diÌ?as haÌ?biles. En caso de reincidencia, eÌ?stas se podraÌ?n
+prolongar por el tiempo que el tribunal estime necesario, hasta un maÌ?ximo
+de ciento ochenta diÌ?as haÌ?biles, en total.
+
+
+ Si el agresor fuere un menor, el juez deberaÌ? indicar, en la
+resolucioÌ?n correspondiente, la institucioÌ?n u hogar de menores que deberaÌ?
+recibirlo por el tiempo que duren las medidas adoptadas por el tribunal.
+
+
+ En los programas de tratamiento y rehabilitacioÌ?n para bebedores
+problema y alcohoÌ?licos, deberaÌ?n establecerse actividades especiales para
+los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 14), nuevo, al artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "14) SustituÌ?yese en el artiÌ?culo 136 los vocablos "21 anÌ?os" por "18
+anÌ?os".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. ( 3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culos 22 a 24
+
+
+ Sustituirlos por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 6) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "6) ReemplaÌ?zase los artiÌ?culos 120, 121 y 122 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 120.- Se prohibe la conduccioÌ?n de cualquier vehiÌ?culo o
+medio de transporte, el desempenÌ?o en cualquier tipo de maquinaria o el
+ejercicio de las funciones de guardafrenos, cambiadores o controladores de
+traÌ?nsito, en estado de ebriedad o bajo la influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ El estado de ebriedad y el de encontrarse bajo la influencia del
+alcohol seraÌ?n determinados por el juez considerando, especialmente, el
+informe de alcoholemia o el resultado de otra prueba no invasiva, que seraÌ?n
+considerados como informe pericial.
+
+
+ Se presumiraÌ? estado de ebriedad cuando el informe o prueba arroje una
+dosificacioÌ?n igual o superior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre o
+en el organismo. Se entenderaÌ? que hay desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad aun
+respecto de los que, encontraÌ?ndose ebrios, fueren sorprendidos en
+circunstancias que hagan presumir que se aprestan a actuar en ese estado, o
+que acaban de hacerlo.
+
+
+ Se presumiraÌ? estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol
+cuando el informe o prueba arroje una dosificacioÌ?n superior a 0,5 e
+inferior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 121.- Los que, en alguna de las actividades descritas en el
+inciso primero del artiÌ?culo anterior, lo hicieren en estado de ebriedad,
+seraÌ?n castigados con presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo y multa de dos a
+diez unidades tributarias mensuales, aunque no causen danÌ?o o soÌ?lo causen
+danÌ?os materiales o lesiones leves. Se reputaraÌ?n leves todas las lesiones
+que produzcan al ofendido enfermedad o incapacidad por un tiempo no mayor
+de diez diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Si, a consecuencia del desempenÌ?o o conduccioÌ?n en estado de ebriedad,
+se causaren lesiones menos graves, la pena seraÌ? de presidio menor en su
+grado medio y multa de cuatro a doce unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Si resultaren lesiones graves o la muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se
+impondraÌ?n al culpable las penas de presidio menor en su grado maÌ?ximo y
+multa de ocho a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales. En las mismas penas
+incurriraÌ? el causante de lesiones graves o muerte, si la causa determinante
+del accidente fuere la conduccioÌ?n o el desempenÌ?o bajo la influencia del
+alcohol, pudiendo el tribunal hacer uso de la facultad que le confiere el
+inciso final del artiÌ?culo 196 B de la ley N° 18.290, de TraÌ?nsito.
+
+
+ El tribunal podraÌ? ordenar el examen para detectar la presencia de
+alcohol en el organismo de las viÌ?ctimas de lesiones o de muerte, si lo
+estimare imprescindible para determinar la responsabilidad del conductor.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de huir del lugar donde se hubiere cometido alguno
+de los delitos a que se refiere este artiÌ?culo seraÌ? apreciada por el juez
+como una presuncioÌ?n para establecer la culpabilidad del imputado.
+
+
+ En los delitos previstos en este artiÌ?culo, se aplicaraÌ? como pena
+accesoria el retiro o la suspensioÌ?n del permiso o autorizacioÌ?n para
+conducir vehiÌ?culos por el teÌ?rmino de seis meses a un anÌ?o; de uno a dos
+anÌ?os, si se causaren lesiones menos graves o graves, y de dos a cuatro
+anÌ?os, si resultare la muerte. En caso de reincidencia, los plazos maÌ?ximos
+senÌ?alados en este inciso se elevaraÌ?n al doble, debiendo el juez decretar el
+retiro definitivo del permiso cuando estime que la conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos
+por parte del infractor ofrece peligro para el traÌ?nsito o la seguridad
+puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Las medidas indicadas en el inciso precedente no podraÌ?n ser
+suspendidas; pero, trataÌ?ndose del retiro definitivo, el juez podraÌ?, despueÌ?s
+de transcurrido el tiempo requerido para la prescripcioÌ?n de la pena
+principal, alzar la prohibicioÌ?n de conduccioÌ?n cuando nuevos antecedentes
+asiÌ? lo justifiquen.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 122.- En los casos contemplados en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la
+ley Nº 18.290 y en los artiÌ?culos 120 y 121 de esta ley, los exaÌ?menes podraÌ?n
+practicarse en los lugares alliÌ? senÌ?alados o en cualquier establecimiento
+hospitalario expresamente habilitado por el Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal, el que
+podraÌ? impartir las instrucciones que deberaÌ?n ser cumplidas por todas las
+reparticiones indicadas, aun cuando ellas no dependan de este Servicio. El
+responsable del establecimiento arbitraraÌ? todas las medidas necesarias para
+que dichos exaÌ?menes se efectuÌ?en en forma expedita y para que los
+funcionarios de Carabineros empleen el menor tiempo posible en la custodia
+de los detenidos que requieran la praÌ?ctica de los mismos.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de negarse el detenido a dicho examen seraÌ? apreciada
+por el Juez como una presuncioÌ?n, a la que podraÌ? dar valor suficiente para
+establecer la embriaguez del acusado.
+
+
+ El detenido seraÌ? puesto a disposicioÌ?n del tribunal, el que podraÌ?
+otorgarle su excarcelacioÌ?n de acuerdo con las reglas generales, una vez que
+haya prestado declaracioÌ?n indagatoria.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 25
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 15) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"15) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 139 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 139.- Todos los establecimientos que expendan,
+proporcionen, distribuyan o mantengan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, estaraÌ?n sujetos
+a la vigilancia e inspeccioÌ?n de Carabineros de Chile y de los inspectores
+municipales y fiscales.
+
+
+ Cualesquiera que estorbe o impida la entrada de los mencionados
+funcionarios, incluidos los duenÌ?os, representantes legales o empleados de
+dichos establecimientos, incurriraÌ? en la pena senÌ?alada en el artiÌ?culo 172.
+
+
+ La inspeccioÌ?n podraÌ? practicarse, en caso de resistencia, con el
+auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ En la misma multa incurriraÌ?n las personas indicadas en el inciso
+segundo si no tuvieren ceÌ?dula de identidad o se negaren a exhibirla. En
+estos casos, ademaÌ?s, tendraÌ? lugar lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 260 bis del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en los incisos anteriores, los
+tribunales competentes podraÌ?n decretar el allanamiento de inmuebles para
+fiscalizar el cumplimiento de esta ley.
+
+
+ Si de los antecedentes proporcionados se desprenden indicios de que
+en la propiedad cuyo registro se solicita se venden, proporcionan o
+distribuyen clandestinamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, el juez requerido deberaÌ?
+decretar de inmediato tal diligencia, la que deberaÌ? llevarse a efecto con
+el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, a maÌ?s tardar dentro de las veinticuatro
+horas desde que se formuloÌ? la peticioÌ?n respectiva.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 26
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 16) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"16) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 140 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 140.- Todos los establecimientos de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+quedaraÌ?n clasificados dentro de las siguientes categoriÌ?as y tendraÌ?n las
+caracteriÌ?sticas que se senÌ?alan:
+
+
+ A) DEPOÌ?SITOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, para ser consumidas fuera del
+local de venta o de sus dependencias.
+
+
+ B) HOTELES, ANEXOS DE HOTELES, CASAS DE PENSIOÌ?N O RESIDENCIALES:
+
+
+ a) Hotel y anexo de hotel, en el que se preste servicio de hospedaje
+y alimentacioÌ?n. El expendio deberaÌ? realizarse en las dependencias
+destinadas para tales efectos;
+
+
+ b) Casas de pensioÌ?n o residenciales, que proporcionen alojamiento y
+comida, principalmente por meses. El expendio se haraÌ? exclusivamente a los
+alojados, en las horas de almuerzo o de comida y soÌ?lo en los comedores.
+
+
+ C) RESTAURANTES DIURNOS O NOCTURNOS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas a los clientes que concurran a ingerir alimentos preparados.
+
+
+ D) CABAREÌ?S O PENÌ?AS FOLCLOÌ?RICAS:
+
+
+ a) CabareÌ?s, con espectaÌ?culos artiÌ?sticos y expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas;
+
+
+ b) PenÌ?as folcloÌ?ricas, destinadas a difundir el folclore nacional, con
+venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ E) CANTINAS, BARES, PUBS Y TABERNAS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas y venta de comida raÌ?pida.
+
+
+ F) ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE EXPENDIO DE CERVEZA O SIDRA DE FRUTAS, que
+podraÌ?n funcionar en forma aislada o junto a pasteleriÌ?as, fuentes de soda u
+otros anaÌ?logos.
+
+
+ G) QUINTAS DE RECREO O SERVICIOS AL AUTO, que reuÌ?nan las condiciones
+ de bar, restaurante y cabareÌ?, pero con playa de estacionamiento de
+automoÌ?viles para sus clientes.
+
+
+ H) SUPERMERCADOS O MINIMERCADOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, que
+funcionaraÌ?n anexos a supermercados de comestibles y en los cuales se podraÌ?
+expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas envasadas al por mayor o al detalle, para ser
+consumidas fuera del local de venta, sus dependencias y estacionamientos.
+
+
+ I) HOTELES, MOTELES, HOSTERIÌ?AS O RESTAURANTES DE TURISMO:
+
+
+ a) Hotel de turismo, en que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje, sin perjuicio de otros servicios complementarios, y que
+comprende las patentes de hotel, restaurante, cantina y cabareÌ?;
+
+
+ b) HosteriÌ?a de turismo, en la que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje y alimentacioÌ?n, con expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas;
+
+
+ c) Motel de turismo, en el que se proporciona servicio de hospedaje
+en unidades habitacionales independientes o aisladas entre siÌ?, dotadas de
+elementos que permitan la preparacioÌ?n de comidas;
+
+
+ d) Restaurante de turismo, que comprende las patentes de restaurante,
+cantina y cabareÌ?.
+
+
+ J) BODEGAS ELABORADORAS O DISTRIBUIDORAS DE VINOS, LICORES O CERVEZA
+QUE EXPENDAN AL POR MAYOR, en cantidades no inferiores a 200 litros, si se
+trata de venta a granel, o de 48 botellas, si la venta es de bebidas
+envasadas.
+
+
+ K) CASAS IMPORTADORAS DE VINOS O LICORES CON VENTA AL POR MAYOR,
+destinadas a la venta al por mayor de vinos y licores importados.
+
+
+ L) AGENCIAS DE VINÌ?AS O DE INDUSTRIAS DE LICORES ESTABLECIDAS FUERA DE
+LA COMUNA, que vendan, por intermedio de comisionistas o de corredores,
+vinos o licores en representacioÌ?n y por cuenta de una o maÌ?s vinÌ?as o de una
+o maÌ?s faÌ?bricas de licores o de ambas, siempre que eÌ?stas se encuentren
+ubicadas fuera de la comuna donde el agente ejerce su actividad.
+
+
+ M) CIRCULOS O CLUBES SOCIALES CON PERSONALIDAD JURIDICA, con expendio
+de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y alimentos.
+
+
+ N) INSTITUCIONES DE CARACTER DEPORTIVO O CULTURAL, con personalidad
+juriÌ?dica, siempre que tengan patente de restaurante.
+
+
+ NÌ?) SALONES DE TE O CAFETERIAS, en los que se permitiraÌ? tambieÌ?n el
+expendio de cerveza, de sidra y de vino, siempre que vengan envasados.
+
+ O) SALONES DE BAILE O DISCOTECAS, en los cuales soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ?
+baile con muÌ?sica grabada u orquestas, sin representaciones con nuÌ?meros en
+vivo.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Agregar al artiÌ?culo 1º los siguientes nuÌ?meros 19) y 25),
+nuevos:
+
+
+ "19) ElimiÌ?nase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 150 la frase "en
+conformidad a lo que dispone el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 140", y la coma
+que la precede.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ "25) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso tercero del artiÌ?culo 160 la expresioÌ?n
+"un octavo a un cuarto de sueldo vital" por "una unidad tributaria
+mensual".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 27
+
+
+ Rechazar el primer inciso. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ Consignar el inciso final como nuÌ?mero 28) del artiÌ?culo 1º,
+del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+"28) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 164 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 164.- Los supermercados, almacenes y establecimientos
+afines que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+local, deberaÌ?n aislar el aÌ?rea de expendio de estos productos para dar
+cumplimiento al horario fijado por la Municipalidad respectiva, pudiendo
+continuar con el funcionamiento del resto del local, si asiÌ? lo desean.".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -´
+
+
+ Agregar como nuÌ?mero 29) del artiÌ?culo 1º el siguiente,
+nuevo:
+
+
+ "29) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 166:
+
+
+ a) SupriÌ?mese en el nuÌ?mero 1 la palabra "municipales" y la coma que la
+antecede.
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 5 por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "5.- Los consejeros regionales, los alcaldes y los concejales, y".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 28
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 29
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 17) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"17) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 144 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 144.- Las patentes se concederaÌ?n en conformidad con las
+disposiciones de la ley de Rentas Municipales y de la ley Nº 18.695, sin
+perjuicio de las normas contenidas en esta ley.
+
+
+ El valor de las patentes deberaÌ? ser pagado por semestres anticipados,
+en los meses de enero y julio de cada anÌ?o.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas no podraÌ?n
+funcionar sin que hayan pagado previamente la patente que corresponda, ni
+podraÌ?n continuar funcionando sin tenerla al diÌ?a, salvo que este hecho no
+fuere imputable al deudor y lo probare documentalmente.
+
+
+ El infractor de esta disposicioÌ?n sufriraÌ? una multa de diez unidades
+tributarias mensuales, que se aumentaraÌ?n a veinte, si persistiere. Si
+aplicada la segunda multa, el infractor no pagare la patente que lo
+habilita para expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ? sancionado con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento y con la caducidad de la patente.".". (3 x
+0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 30
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 31
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 32
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 18) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"18) SustituÌ?yese los dos primeros incisos del artiÌ?culo 147 por los
+siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 147.- En cada comuna, las patentes indicadas en las letras
+A, E y F del artiÌ?culo 26 no podraÌ?n exceder, en ninguÌ?n caso, la proporcioÌ?n
+de un establecimiento por cada 600 habitantes.".
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas en cada comuna seraÌ? fijado cada tres
+anÌ?os por el intendente regional, previo informe del alcalde, con acuerdo
+del concejo, tomando como base el nuÌ?mero de habitantes que senÌ?ale el
+Instituto Nacional de EstadiÌ?sticas y distribuidas dentro de las diversas
+categoriÌ?as senÌ?aladas en el inciso anterior.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 33
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 20) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"20) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 153 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 153.- Las municipalidades determinaraÌ?n, en sus respectivos
+planos reguladores, o a traveÌ?s de ordenanzas municipales, las zonas de su
+territorio en las que podraÌ?n instalarse cantinas, bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s
+y locales de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+respectivo local.
+
+
+Los negocios que despueÌ?s de establecidos resultaren afectados por esta
+prohibicioÌ?n, soÌ?lo podraÌ?n funcionar hasta por un anÌ?o maÌ?s, contado desde la
+publicacioÌ?n de esta ley.
+
+
+ No obstante lo anterior, se prohibe la existencia de cantinas, bares
+o tabernas, cabareÌ?s, botilleriÌ?as y locales de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, a menos de cien
+metros de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n o de salud, de terminales y garitas
+de la movilizacioÌ?n colectiva y de otros que determine la respectiva
+Municipalidad.
+
+
+ La distancia se mediraÌ? entre los extremos maÌ?s proÌ?ximos de los
+respectivos establecimientos, tomando la liÌ?nea de acceso principal maÌ?s
+corta, por aceras, calles y espacios de uso puÌ?blico.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 34
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 35
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 22) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"22) DeroÌ?gase el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 157.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 36
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 23) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"23) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 158 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 158.- Las bebidas alcohoÌ?licas expendidas por los depoÌ?sitos
+de bebidas no podraÌ?n ser consumidas en lugares anexos a ellos o ubicados a
+una distancia menor de cien metros y de los cuales sea propietario,
+arrendatario o administrador el duenÌ?o del respectivo establecimiento, con
+excepcioÌ?n de aquellos locales que cuenten con la patente
+correspondiente.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 37
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 24) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "24) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 159:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso primero, a continuacioÌ?n de la frase "Se
+prohibe la venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas", las siguientes: "en los
+minimercados situados en estaciones de expendio de combustible; en los
+campos y recintos destinados a espectaÌ?culos deportivos;".
+
+
+b) En el mismo inciso, reemplaÌ?zase la expresioÌ?n "elementos de transporte"
+por "vehiÌ?culos de transporte".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 38
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 3º, reemplazado por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ARTIÌ?CULO 3º.- AgreÌ?gase al inciso tercero del artiÌ?culo 116 de la ley
+Nº 18.700, orgaÌ?nica constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y
+Escrutinios", la siguiente frase final: "El que infringiere la prohibicioÌ?n
+del inciso anterior seraÌ? sancionado, ademaÌ?s, con prisioÌ?n inconmutable de
+veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as, multa de cinco unidades tributarias mensuales y
+comiso de las bebidas.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Agregar como nuÌ?mero 26) del artiÌ?culo 1º, el siguiente,
+nuevo:
+
+
+ "26) SupriÌ?mese el artiÌ?culo 161.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 39
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 40
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 27) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+
+
+"27) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 163 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 163.- Se prohibe el trabajo a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os
+en los lugares en que se expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ No estaÌ?n comprendidos en esta prohibicioÌ?n los mensajeros,
+ascensoristas, porteros, ayudantes de garzoÌ?n, ayudantes de cocina,
+encargados de aseo, estudiantes en praÌ?ctica y otros que, en razoÌ?n de sus
+ocupaciones, no intervengan en el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culos 41 y 42
+
+
+ Rechazarlos. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 43
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 30) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"30) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 167:
+
+
+ReemplaÌ?zase el encabezamiento por el siguiente:
+
+
+"ArtiÌ?culo 167.- La municipalidad respectiva deberaÌ? suspender la
+autorizacioÌ?n de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los establecimientos que
+se encuentren en los casos siguientes:".
+
+
+b) IntercaÌ?lase en el nuÌ?mero 1, a continuacioÌ?n de las palabras "concedida
+por error", la frase "o transferida a cualquier tiÌ?tulo", entre comas.
+
+
+c) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2 las palabras "salubridad e higiene" por
+"salubridad, higiene y seguridad".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 44
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 31) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"31) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 168:
+
+
+a) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "un octavo a un sueldo
+vital" por "cinco a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+b) SustituÌ?yese el inciso tercero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La reincidencia seraÌ? sancionada con multa de igual monto, comiso de
+las bebidas y utensilios y clausura del establecimiento cuando corresponda.
+ La segunda reincidencia se sancionaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, con prisioÌ?n inconmutable de
+veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 45
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 32) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "32) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 169:
+
+
+ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso cuarto por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a cualquier establecimiento no
+autorizado para venderlas seraÌ? sancionada con multa de quince a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales. En estos casos se sancionaraÌ? con multa de
+diez a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales a los fabricantes, a sus
+agentes y a los distribuidores, a menos que acrediten justa causa de error
+en cuanto al destino que ha tenido la mercaderiÌ?a que han distribuido. El
+vehiÌ?culo y cualquier otro medio utilizado para cometer esta infraccioÌ?n seraÌ?
+retenido por Carabineros y devuelto una vez que se deposite en la unidad
+policial respectiva el valor equivalente al miÌ?nimo de la multa y sus
+recargos.".
+
+
+ b) sustituÌ?yese en el inciso quinto la expresioÌ?n "15 a 30 sueldos
+vitales" por "diez a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 46
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 33) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"33) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo 170 la palabra "negocio" por
+"establecimiento".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 47
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 34) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"34) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 171:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese la expresioÌ?n "tres sueldos vitales" por "diez a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+b) ReemplaÌ?zase las oraciones "a los Regidores que hayan concurrido con su
+voto favorable al respectivo acuerdo y al Alcalde cuando concurra con su
+voto o no representare el acuerdo ilegal", por "al alcalde".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culos 48 y 49
+
+
+ Sustituirlos por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 35) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"35) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 172 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 172.- Toda infraccioÌ?n de esta ley que no tenga senÌ?alada una
+sancioÌ?n especial se castigaraÌ? con multa de una a cinco unidades tributarias
+mensuales; la segunda vez, se penaraÌ? con el doble de la multa; la
+tercera, con el triple de la multa con que se haya sancionado la primera
+vez y clausura definitiva.
+
+
+ La persona que fuere condenada y no pagare la multa por cualquiera de
+las infracciones contempladas en esta ley sufriraÌ?, por viÌ?a de sustitucioÌ?n y
+apremio, un diÌ?a de prisioÌ?n por cada dos centeÌ?simos de unidad tributaria
+mensual a que haya sido condenada, no pudiendo exceder la pena de sesenta
+diÌ?as.
+
+
+ No se tomaraÌ?n en consideracioÌ?n, para los efectos de determinar la
+reincidencia o reiteracioÌ?n, sino las infracciones cometidas en los uÌ?ltimos
+doce meses anteriores a la que motiva el juicio.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 172 bis.- Los establecimientos clausurados definitivamente
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n reabrirse para el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas por distinto
+duenÌ?o y con otra patente.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos clausurados temporalmente podraÌ?n ser reabiertos
+antes del plazo cuando el propietario del inmueble acredite que lo
+destinaraÌ? a otros usos. En todo caso, para el alzamiento se requiere orden
+judicial.
+
+
+ La violacioÌ?n de la clausura seraÌ? castigada con prisioÌ?n en sus grados
+medio a maÌ?ximo, inconmutable, y comiso de las bebidas.".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Como corolario de lo anterior, agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero
+2), nuevo, en el artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "2) En el inciso cuarto del artiÌ?culo 114, sustituÌ?yese la referencia
+al inciso "cuarto" del artiÌ?culo 172 por otra al inciso "segundo" del
+mismo.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - - -
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 50
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 36) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "36) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 173, a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n
+"Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes,", lo siguiente: "del
+alcalde o del concejo municipal,".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 51
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 52
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 37) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"37) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 176 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 176.- Las bebidas y elementos decomisados seraÌ?n depositados
+en los lugares que, a requerimiento del tribunal, deberaÌ?n proveer las
+municipalidades. Los comisos seraÌ?n vendidos en subasta puÌ?blica por el
+funcionario del respectivo tribunal o el martillero puÌ?blico que designe el
+juez. Su producto, una vez deducidos los gastos del remate, se ingresaraÌ? en
+la tesoreriÌ?a regional o provincial correspondiente, para ser depositado en
+una cuenta especial que llevaraÌ? la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Los recursos mencionados deberaÌ?n ser destinados a los programas de
+prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n establecidos en esta ley.
+
+
+ SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n concurrir como postores al remate los comerciantes de
+alcoholes que tengan su patente al diÌ?a.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Intercalar como nuÌ?mero 38) del artiÌ?culo 1º, el siguiente,
+nuevo:
+
+
+"38) DeroÌ?ganse los artiÌ?culos 178 a 181.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culos 53 a 56
+
+
+ Sustituirlos por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 44) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"44) AgreÌ?gase los siguientes artiÌ?culos 1º a 6º transitorios, nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio.- Las reglas contenidas en los artiÌ?culos
+transitorios siguientes se aplicaraÌ?n a los procesos que se inicien por
+infraccioÌ?n a las normas de esta ley, por hechos ocurridos desde la fecha de
+su publicacioÌ?n y hasta que entre en vigencia el nuevo CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, oportunidad a partir de la cual los nuevos procesos
+que se incoen, por hechos acaecidos desde la fecha de vigencia del citado
+CoÌ?digo, se tramitaraÌ?n conforme a las reglas generales que para faltas y
+simples delitos de accioÌ?n puÌ?blica aqueÌ?l establezca.
+
+
+ En ambos casos, las causas que se hallaren en tramitacioÌ?n continuaraÌ?n
+ventilaÌ?ndose, hasta su terminacioÌ?n, con sujecioÌ?n a las normas vigentes al
+momento de su inicio y ante el tribunal en que se hallaren radicadas.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º transitorio.- Los agentes de la policiÌ?a que sorprendan
+infracciones o contravenciones de esta ley deberaÌ?n denunciarlas al juzgado
+competente.
+
+
+ Igual deber tendraÌ?n los inspectores fiscales y municipales que
+sorprendan infracciones o contravenciones que sean de competencia de los
+jueces de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ Una copia de los partes o denuncias que remitan a los tribunales
+deberaÌ? enviarse oportunamente al abogado o a los delegados del Departamento
+de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ El Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes podraÌ? denunciar al
+tribunal las infracciones que comprobare y las que sean puestas en su
+conocimiento por los intendentes, gobernadores, alcaldes y concejales, los
+directores de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n, las juntas de vecinos y otras
+entidades de caraÌ?cter social, de beneficencia y de asistencia y proteccioÌ?n
+de menores en situacioÌ?n irregular.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º transitorio.- El tribunal pondraÌ? en conocimiento del
+inculpado el parte o denuncia y lo interrogaraÌ? de acuerdo con su contenido.
+
+
+ En caso de que el inculpado reconociere ante el tribunal su
+participacioÌ?n en los hechos denunciados y se allanare a la sancioÌ?n que el
+mismo tribunal le advirtiere que establece la ley para estos casos, se
+aplicaraÌ? a eÌ?ste la pena inmediatamente inferior a la que corresponda y se
+dictaraÌ? sentencia definitiva de inmediato, la que no seraÌ? susceptible de
+recurso alguno.
+
+
+
+ Se entenderaÌ? comprobado el hecho denunciado con las aseveraciones
+contenidas en el respectivo parte o denuncia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º transitorio.- Si el inculpado negare los cargos que se
+le formulan, el juez lo dejaraÌ? citado para una audiencia determinada.
+
+
+ Los delegados y abogados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de
+Alcoholes figuraraÌ?n en las causas como parte, sin necesidad de formular
+querella.
+
+
+ En lo demaÌ?s, se seguiraÌ?n las reglas sobre procedimiento ante los
+juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º transitorio.- Cuando se tratare de investigar uÌ?nicamente
+los delitos a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 121, la causa se tramitaraÌ? de
+acuerdo con las reglas establecidas en el TiÌ?tulo I del Libro Tercero del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal. Las indemnizaciones civiles podraÌ?n
+reclamarse en el mismo proceso, tan pronto como quede ejecutoriado el
+fallo, conforme a las reglas del juicio sumario, sin que tenga aplicacioÌ?n
+lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 681 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ Si se causaren lesiones menos graves o graves o se ocasionare la
+muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se aplicaraÌ?n las normas del Libro Segundo del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, con las modificaciones que se mencionan a
+continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ a) SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n querellarse el ofendido con el delito y el
+perjudicado, en su caso. No seraÌ? necesario ratificar la querella, pero el
+juez podraÌ? tomar declaracioÌ?n al querellante, si asiÌ? conviniere al
+esclarecimiento de los hechos.
+
+
+ b) No podraÌ?n acumularse estas causas sino con aquellas en las que se
+investiguen otros delitos sancionados en el artiÌ?culo 121 o cuasidelitos
+cometidos con ocasioÌ?n de los mismos hechos. Las causas acumuladas se
+tramitaraÌ?n por el procedimiento senÌ?alado en este artiÌ?culo cuando comprendan
+soÌ?lo los delitos sancionados por desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad.
+
+
+ c) El sumario seraÌ? puÌ?blico, salvo que el juez, por razones fundadas,
+determine que deben mantenerse en secreto las actuaciones que se
+practiquen. La duracioÌ?n del secreto del sumario no podraÌ? exceder de veinte
+diÌ?as. El Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes podraÌ? siempre
+imponerse de las actuaciones del proceso.
+
+
+ d) El juez deberaÌ? recabar el extracto de filiacioÌ?n y antecedentes del
+detenido y el certificado de las anotaciones que consten en el Registro
+Nacional de Conductores, una vez que el imputado preste la declaracioÌ?n
+indagatoria.
+
+
+ OrdenaraÌ?, asimismo, la retencioÌ?n del carneÌ?, permiso o autorizacioÌ?n
+que lo habilite para conducir, el que no seraÌ? devuelto hasta que, basado en
+antecedentes calificados del proceso, el juez estime que de la conduccioÌ?n
+no se derivaraÌ? ninguÌ?n peligro para la seguridad de las personas o para el
+traÌ?nsito puÌ?blico. En ninguÌ?n caso este beneficio podraÌ? otorgarse al
+reincidente.
+
+
+ e) Cuando el tribunal lo estime suficiente, podraÌ? solicitar el
+dictamen de un solo perito sobre cualquiera de los puntos comprendidos en
+la investigacioÌ?n, el que deberaÌ? expedirlo verbalmente, mediante una
+declaracioÌ?n en la causa, o por escrito, seguÌ?n lo determine el juez. El
+tribunal podraÌ? dar valor de plena prueba a dicho informe.
+
+
+ f) Si, como consecuencia del manejo en estado de ebriedad, resultaren
+lesiones menos graves o graves o la muerte de alguna persona, las
+autoridades policiales procederaÌ?n a poner el vehiÌ?culo a disposicioÌ?n del
+tribunal, salvo que esteÌ? destinado a un servicio del Estado o a servicios
+municipales de utilidad puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Cuando existieren presunciones fundadas de culpabilidad, el juez
+podraÌ? ordenar la retencioÌ?n judicial del vehiÌ?culo hasta que se caucionen las
+responsabilidades civiles.
+
+
+ g) SoÌ?lo seraÌ?n apelables:
+
+
+ 1º. Las resoluciones que nieguen la libertad provisional del
+inculpado o procesado;
+
+ 2º. El auto de procesamiento;
+
+ 3º. Las que se refieran a medidas adoptadas por el juez para
+garantizar la accioÌ?n civil. En estos casos, las apelaciones se concederaÌ?n
+siempre en lo devolutivo, sin que puedan entorpecer la marcha del proceso
+criminal, cualquiera que sea su estado;
+
+ 4º. La sentencia definitiva, y
+
+ 5º. El sobreseimiento temporal o definitivo.
+
+
+ Las causas en que se haya apelado de las resoluciones mencionadas en
+los nuÌ?meros 2º a 5º de esta regla se pondraÌ?n en lugar preferente en la
+tabla de la semana siguiente a la fecha de su ingreso al tribunal. El
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes tendraÌ? la obligacioÌ?n de
+activar la tramitacioÌ?n de las causas para los efectos del cumplimiento de
+esta disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En contra de las demaÌ?s resoluciones, seguÌ?n su naturaleza, soÌ?lo podraÌ?
+deducirse reposicioÌ?n dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ h) En los plazos establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 425 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, deberaÌ?n los querellantes y el delegado del
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes adherir a la acusacioÌ?n o
+acusar y los actores civiles presentar su demanda. Dichos plazos tendraÌ?n
+el caraÌ?cter de comunes para todas estas partes y correraÌ?n hasta el
+vencimiento del teÌ?rmino concedido al uÌ?ltimo de los notificados.
+
+
+ El plazo de diez diÌ?as para contestar la acusacioÌ?n y la accioÌ?n civil
+seraÌ? tambieÌ?n uÌ?nico y comuÌ?n para todos los procesados y demandados civiles;
+se aumentaraÌ? en la forma prevista en el artiÌ?culo 425 del mismo CoÌ?digo, y
+correraÌ? desde la uÌ?ltima notificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El expediente, libros y piezas de conviccioÌ?n permaneceraÌ?n siempre en
+secretariÌ?a para su examen por todas las partes.
+
+
+ i) El teÌ?rmino probatorio para rendir prueba dentro de la comuna
+asiento del tribunal seraÌ? de diez diÌ?as y podraÌ? reducirse por acuerdo
+unaÌ?nime de las partes.
+
+ j) No seraÌ? necesario, para que el juez les otorgue valor probatorio,
+el reconocimiento de los instrumentos privados en la forma prevista en el
+artiÌ?culo 187 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, cuando en declaraciones o
+escritos hubieren sido reconocidos por las personas a quienes puedan
+perjudicar o de quienes emanen.
+
+
+ Tampoco seraÌ? necesario, para el mismo efecto, el reconocimiento de
+los certificados, presupuestos, facturas o constancias expedidos por
+entidades o personas puÌ?blicas o privadas, que, a juicio del tribunal,
+invistan garantiÌ?as de seriedad, siempre que, no habiendo sido impugnados,
+puedan ser tenidos como verdaderos.
+
+
+ Lo dicho en este acaÌ?pite rige tambieÌ?n respecto de la prueba de la
+accioÌ?n civil.
+
+
+ k) La sentencia definitiva no necesita cumplir con el requisito
+establecido en el nuÌ?mero 3º del artiÌ?culo 500 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento
+Penal; pero el juez describiraÌ? circunstanciadamente en uno de los
+considerandos los hechos que se encuentren probados y que constituyan, en
+su caso, el delito por el cual se aplica la sancioÌ?n.
+
+
+ l) Los recursos de casacioÌ?n en la forma o en el fondo contra la
+sentencia de segunda instancia se deduciraÌ?n en un escrito, en el plazo de
+diez diÌ?as, contados desde la notificacioÌ?n de la sentencia. Si se
+interponen ambos, se deduciraÌ?n conjuntamente en el mismo escrito.
+
+
+ En cuanto el recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma se dirija contra la
+decisioÌ?n civil, podraÌ? fundarse en las causales del artiÌ?culo 541 del CoÌ?digo
+de Procedimiento Penal, con excepcioÌ?n de las senÌ?aladas en los nuÌ?meros 10 y
+11 y, ademaÌ?s, en las causales 4ª, 6ª y 7ª del artiÌ?culo 768 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ m) Si el afectado por el danÌ?o o lesiones no interpusiere su accioÌ?n
+ante el juez del crimen, podraÌ? deducirla ante el juez civil correspondiente
+y el proceso se tramitaraÌ? de acuerdo con las reglas del juicio sumario, sin
+que le sea aplicable lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 681 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ Para deducir apelacioÌ?n en contra de las sentencias definitivas
+condenatorias que se dicten respecto de los delitos descritos en el
+artiÌ?culo 121, seraÌ? menester que el apelante acompanÌ?e, al intentar el
+recurso, comprobante de haberse enterado en la cuenta corriente del
+tribunal respectivo el valor iÌ?ntegro de la multa, y de las costas en su
+caso.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º transitorio.- Se tendraÌ?n como testimonios legalmente
+prestados las declaraciones contenidas en los respectivos partes o
+denuncias, si en ellos aparece la firma de los denunciantes debidamente
+autorizada por el superior jeraÌ?rquico respectivo.
+
+
+ No seraÌ? necesaria la asistencia de los testigos de cargo si eÌ?stos son
+agentes de la policiÌ?a o inspectores fiscales o municipales, a menos que el
+juez estime conveniente su comparecencia personal. En tal caso, deberaÌ?
+fundamentar su resolucioÌ?n en forma circunstanciada, indicando los puntos
+que deberaÌ?n ser aclarados.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 57
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 42) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "42) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 188 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 188.- Para los efectos de determinar el equivalente en
+pesos de las multas que establece esta ley, se estaraÌ? al valor de la unidad
+tributaria mensual a la fecha de su pago efectivo.
+
+
+ Por resolucioÌ?n fundada, el juez podraÌ? moderar la multa aplicada,
+rebajaÌ?ndola a una suma que pueda ser inferior al miÌ?nimo que establece la
+ley, si antes de ser pagada se pidiere reposicioÌ?n fundada en antecedentes
+relativos a la situacioÌ?n econoÌ?mica del afectado que, a juicio del tribunal,
+comprueben su excesivo monto.
+
+
+ En casos muy calificados, el juez podraÌ? dejar en suspenso la
+aplicacioÌ?n de la pena pecuniaria, beneficio que se revocaraÌ? si se cometiere
+nueva infraccioÌ?n dentro de los seis meses siguientes.".".
+
+(3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 58
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 39) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+"39) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 182 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 182.- Los creÌ?ditos resultantes de las responsabilidades
+pecuniarias procedentes de las infracciones de esta ley gozaraÌ?n del
+privilegio que para los impuestos fiscales otorgan las reglas de prelacioÌ?n
+de creÌ?ditos del CoÌ?digo Civil sobre los establecimientos y sus anexos y
+sobre las mercaderiÌ?as existentes.
+
+
+ En caso de transferencia, a cualquier tiÌ?tulo, de un establecimiento
+de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, el nuevo propietario seraÌ?
+solidariamente responsable con el vendedor de las obligaciones pecuniarias
+provenientes de las infracciones, en la forma establecida en el inciso
+anterior.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 59
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 60
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 43) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "43) IntercaÌ?lase el siguiente artiÌ?culo 191, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 191.- El juez, una vez ejecutoriada la sentencia y con
+acuerdo expreso del infractor, salvo que eÌ?ste haya quebrantado la condena,
+podraÌ? conmutar la sancioÌ?n por la realizacioÌ?n de trabajos determinados en
+beneficio de la comunidad.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que otorgue la conmutacioÌ?n deberaÌ? senÌ?alar expresamente
+el tipo de trabajo, el lugar donde debe realizarse, su duracioÌ?n y la
+persona o institucioÌ?n encargada de controlar su cumplimiento. Los trabajos
+se realizaraÌ?n sin afectar la jornada laboral que tenga el infractor, con un
+maÌ?ximo de ocho horas semanales.
+
+
+ La no realizacioÌ?n cabal y oportuna de los trabajos determinados por
+el tribunal dejaraÌ? sin efecto la conmutacioÌ?n por el solo ministerio de la
+ley, debiendo cumplirse iÌ?ntegramente la sancioÌ?n primitiva aplicada, a menos
+que el juez, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, determine otra cosa.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 61
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 62
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Incorporar en el artiÌ?culo 1º el siguiente nuÌ?mero 40),
+nuevo:
+
+
+ "40) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 185.". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ - - - - - - -
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 63
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente nuÌ?mero 41) del artiÌ?culo 1º:
+
+
+ "41) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 186 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 186.- Los delegados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley
+de Alcoholes percibiraÌ?n, por sus actuaciones en las causas por infraccioÌ?n
+de las disposiciones de esta ley, un honorario uÌ?nico equivalente al 10% del
+total de las sumas que ingresen por concepto de multas, honorario que se
+pagaraÌ? mensualmente al interesado por la tesoreriÌ?a respectiva.
+
+
+ Del saldo, el 40% se destinaraÌ? a los Servicios de Salud para el
+financiamiento y mantencioÌ?n de los programas de rehabilitacioÌ?n de personas
+alcohoÌ?licas, y el 60% a las municipalidades, para el financiamiento y
+mantencioÌ?n de los programas de prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n de personas
+alcohoÌ?licas.".". (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 64
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º transitorio
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (3 x 0)
+
+
+
+6 PROYECTO
+
+
+ Si las modificaciones que proponemos son aprobadas, el
+proyecto queda como sigue:
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY
+
+
+ "ARTIÌ?CULO 1º.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones en la ley
+Nº 17.105:
+
+
+1) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 113 como se expresa a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+a) AgreÌ?gase al final del inciso primero, la siguiente oracioÌ?n: "Se le
+impondraÌ? ademaÌ?s multa de media unidad tributaria mensual."
+
+
+b) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso tercero, a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n "La pena",
+lo siguiente: "de trabajos", y reemplaÌ?zase la frase "un ciento veinte a un
+cien avo de un sueldo vital" por "un deÌ?cimo de unidad tributaria mensual".
+
+
+c) IntercaÌ?lase en el inciso quinto, luego de los vocablos "comprobado su
+domicilio", las palabras "e identidad", y agreÌ?gase la siguiente frase final
+en el mismo inciso: "Carabineros de Chile deberaÌ? dar cuenta al juzgado
+competente de las consignaciones percibidas y de la identidad y domicilio
+de las personas detenidas que las hayan efectuado, en la primera
+audiencia.".
+
+
+d) SupriÌ?mese en el inciso sexto, las palabras "No obstante," e iniÌ?ciase con
+mayuÌ?scula el adverbio "si" que figura a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 2) En el inciso cuarto del artiÌ?culo 114, sustituÌ?yese la referencia al
+inciso "cuarto" del artiÌ?culo 172 por otra al inciso "segundo" del mismo.
+
+
+3) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 116, entre las palabras "encontrados" y "en
+manifiesto estado de embriaguez", los teÌ?rminos "bebiendo o".
+
+
+4) En el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 117, reemplaÌ?zase la expresioÌ?n "diez
+centeÌ?simos de sueldo vital" por "media unidad tributaria mensual".
+
+
+5) SustituÌ?yese el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 118 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "El juez que dictare el uÌ?ltimo fallo podraÌ? ordenar que la persona
+condenada por ebriedad por sentencia firme o ejecutoriada, tres o maÌ?s veces
+en los uÌ?ltimos doce meses, asista obligatoriamente, durante el plazo que
+indique y seguÌ?n lo senÌ?ale un informe de un meÌ?dico legista o especialista, a
+programas de educacioÌ?n y de prevencioÌ?n sobre los efectos del consumo
+excesivo de alcohol, que se entreguen en los Servicios de Salud,
+Municipalidades o Instituciones dedicadas a dicho objeto, o a un programa
+de tratamiento para bebedores y alcohoÌ?licos, ya sea en forma ambulatoria u
+hospitalizada, sin perjuicio de que cumpla con las otras sanciones que le
+sean aplicadas.".
+
+
+ 6) ReemplaÌ?zase los artiÌ?culos 120, 121 y 122 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 120.- Se prohibe la conduccioÌ?n de cualquier vehiÌ?culo o
+medio de transporte, el desempenÌ?o en cualquier tipo de maquinaria o el
+ejercicio de las funciones de guardafrenos, cambiadores o controladores de
+traÌ?nsito, en estado de ebriedad o bajo la influencia del alcohol.
+
+
+ El estado de ebriedad y el de encontrarse bajo la influencia del
+alcohol seraÌ?n determinados por el juez considerando, especialmente, el
+informe de alcoholemia o el resultado de otra prueba no invasiva, que seraÌ?n
+considerados como informe pericial.
+
+
+ Se presumiraÌ? estado de ebriedad cuando el informe o prueba arroje una
+dosificacioÌ?n igual o superior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre o
+en el organismo. Se entenderaÌ? que hay desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad aun
+respecto de los que, encontraÌ?ndose ebrios, fueren sorprendidos en
+circunstancias que hagan presumir que se aprestan a actuar en ese estado, o
+que acaban de hacerlo.
+
+
+ Se presumiraÌ? estado de encontrarse bajo la influencia del alcohol
+cuando el informe o prueba arroje una dosificacioÌ?n superior a 0,5 e
+inferior a 0,8 gramo por mil de alcohol en la sangre.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 121.- Los que, en alguna de las actividades descritas en el
+inciso primero del artiÌ?culo anterior, lo hicieren en estado de ebriedad,
+seraÌ?n castigados con presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo y multa de dos a
+diez unidades tributarias mensuales, aunque no causen danÌ?o o soÌ?lo causen
+danÌ?os materiales o lesiones leves. Se reputaraÌ?n leves todas las lesiones
+que produzcan al ofendido enfermedad o incapacidad por un tiempo no mayor
+de diez diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Si, a consecuencia del desempenÌ?o o conduccioÌ?n en estado de ebriedad,
+se causaren lesiones menos graves, la pena seraÌ? de presidio menor en su
+grado medio y multa de cuatro a doce unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+ Si resultaren lesiones graves o la muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se
+impondraÌ?n al culpable las penas de presidio menor en su grado maÌ?ximo y
+multa de ocho a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales. En las mismas penas
+incurriraÌ? el causante de lesiones graves o muerte, si la causa determinante
+del accidente fuere la conduccioÌ?n o el desempenÌ?o bajo la influencia del
+alcohol, pudiendo el tribunal hacer uso de la facultad que le confiere el
+inciso final del artiÌ?culo 196 B de la ley N° 18.290, de TraÌ?nsito.
+
+
+ El tribunal podraÌ? ordenar el examen para detectar la presencia de
+alcohol en el organismo de las viÌ?ctimas de lesiones o de muerte, si lo
+estimare imprescindible para determinar la responsabilidad del conductor.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de huir del lugar donde se hubiere cometido alguno
+de los delitos a que se refiere este artiÌ?culo seraÌ? apreciada por el juez
+como una presuncioÌ?n para establecer la culpabilidad del imputado.
+
+
+ En los delitos previstos en este artiÌ?culo, se aplicaraÌ? como pena
+accesoria el retiro o la suspensioÌ?n del permiso o autorizacioÌ?n para
+conducir vehiÌ?culos por el teÌ?rmino de seis meses a un anÌ?o; de uno a dos
+anÌ?os, si se causaren lesiones menos graves o graves, y de dos a cuatro
+anÌ?os, si resultare la muerte. En caso de reincidencia, los plazos maÌ?ximos
+senÌ?alados en este inciso se elevaraÌ?n al doble, debiendo el juez decretar el
+retiro definitivo del permiso cuando estime que la conduccioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos
+por parte del infractor ofrece peligro para el traÌ?nsito o la seguridad
+puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Las medidas indicadas en el inciso precedente no podraÌ?n ser
+suspendidas; pero, trataÌ?ndose del retiro definitivo, el juez podraÌ?, despueÌ?s
+de transcurrido el tiempo requerido para la prescripcioÌ?n de la pena
+principal, alzar la prohibicioÌ?n de conduccioÌ?n cuando nuevos antecedentes
+asiÌ? lo justifiquen.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 122.- En los casos contemplados en el artiÌ?culo 190 de la
+ley Nº 18.290 y en los artiÌ?culos 120 y 121 de esta ley, los exaÌ?menes podraÌ?n
+practicarse en los lugares alliÌ? senÌ?alados o en cualquier establecimiento
+hospitalario expresamente habilitado por el Servicio MeÌ?dico Legal, el que
+podraÌ? impartir las instrucciones que deberaÌ?n ser cumplidas por todas las
+reparticiones indicadas, aun cuando ellas no dependan de este Servicio. El
+responsable del establecimiento arbitraraÌ? todas las medidas necesarias para
+que dichos exaÌ?menes se efectuÌ?en en forma expedita y para que los
+funcionarios de Carabineros empleen el menor tiempo posible en la custodia
+de los detenidos que requieran la praÌ?ctica de los mismos.
+
+
+ La circunstancia de negarse el detenido a dicho examen seraÌ? apreciada
+por el Juez como una presuncioÌ?n, a la que podraÌ? dar valor suficiente para
+establecer la embriaguez del acusado.
+
+
+ El detenido seraÌ? puesto a disposicioÌ?n del tribunal, el que podraÌ?
+otorgarle su excarcelacioÌ?n de acuerdo con las reglas generales, una vez que
+haya prestado declaracioÌ?n indagatoria.".
+
+
+ 7) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 123 por el siguiente:
+
+
+"ArtiÌ?culo 123.- Los propietarios, representantes legales o empleados de los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas
+dentro del mismo local, que admitan ebrios en el lugar de la venta o en sus
+dependencias, o que permitan a sus consumidores beber hasta embriagarse,
+seraÌ?n castigados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias
+mensuales.
+
+
+En igual pena incurriraÌ?n las personas arriba senÌ?aladas que toleren que se
+cometan escaÌ?ndalos o se provoquen desoÌ?rdenes dentro de sus
+establecimientos.
+
+
+Las personas a que se refiere el inciso primero, que proporcionen, vendan u
+obsequien bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a un funcionario fiscalizador en servicio, ya
+sea para ser consumidas en el establecimiento o fuera de eÌ?l, seraÌ?n
+castigados con una multa de tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+En caso de haberse proporcionado a un funcionario fiscalizador en servicio,
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas hasta que eÌ?ste llegue a embriagarse, se aplicaraÌ? a los
+duenÌ?os o empresarios de los establecimientos respectivos, la pena de
+prisioÌ?n en su grado maÌ?ximo, inconmutable.
+
+
+ Se prohibe a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os adquirir bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas. La infraccioÌ?n a esta prohibicioÌ?n daraÌ? lugar a lo dispuesto por
+el artiÌ?culo 16 de la ley Nº 16.618.
+
+
+Los propietarios, representantes legales o empleados de establecimientos
+clasificados en el artiÌ?culo 140, que vendan, proporcionen o suministren
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a menores de edad, seraÌ?n castigados con una multa de
+tres a diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+Los duenÌ?os, empresarios, administradores o empleados de los
+establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas indicados en el inciso
+anterior, deberaÌ?n exigir a sus consumidores, que aparentemente tengan menos
+de dieciocho anÌ?os, su carnet de identidad, antes de suministrarles dichas
+bebidas.
+
+
+En los negocios indicados en el artiÌ?culo 140 soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ? el
+suministro de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os, cuando
+concurran acompanÌ?ados de sus padres o representantes a los recintos
+destinados a comedores, dentro de las horas senÌ?aladas en la presente ley.
+
+
+Los propietarios, representantes legales o empleados que infrinjan la
+disposicioÌ?n del inciso anterior, seraÌ?n castigados con una multa de tres a
+diez unidades tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+Para acreditar la circunstancia de que una persona es menor de dieciocho
+anÌ?os, a falta del respectivo certificado de nacimiento, bastaraÌ? la ceÌ?dula
+de identidad o cualquier otro medio de prueba que establezca en forma
+fehaciente dicha circunstancia.
+
+
+En los casos previstos en el presente artiÌ?culo en que haya tenido
+participacioÌ?n un menor, una vez comprobada su edad, eÌ?l seraÌ? entregado por
+Carabineros a sus padres o a su guardador.".
+
+
+8) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 124 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 124.- Los que reincidan en las infracciones del artiÌ?culo
+anterior seraÌ?n sancionados con el doble de la multa aplicada a la primera
+infraccioÌ?n. La tercera transgresioÌ?n de esta disposicioÌ?n se sancionaraÌ? con
+la clausura definitiva del establecimiento.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de determinar la reincidencia, se consideraraÌ?n las
+infracciones cometidas y sancionadas por sentencia firme en los uÌ?ltimos
+doce meses anteriores a la que dio lugar al juicio.".
+
+
+ 9) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 127 la frase "a la
+mujer o a los hijos menores del ebrio" por "al coÌ?nyuge, al padre o a la
+madre de los menores, seguÌ?n sea el caso".
+
+
+ 10) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 128 la expresioÌ?n
+
+"Eº 4,50" por "una a tres unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+ 11) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 130 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 130.- En todos los establecimientos educacionales del paiÌ?s,
+de ensenÌ?anza preescolar, baÌ?sica, media y diferencial, se implementaraÌ?n
+programas educativos, en cada uno de los anÌ?os de estudio, orientados a la
+formacioÌ?n de vida saludable y al desarrollo de factores protectores contra
+el abuso del alcohol.
+
+
+ En estos programas participaraÌ? la comunidad escolar, incluidos los
+profesores, alumnos, administrativos, padres y apoderados. El desarrollo
+de estos programas seraÌ? parte del plan de actividades de cada
+establecimiento educacional. El Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n entregaraÌ? las
+orientaciones y supervisaraÌ? la implementacioÌ?n de dichos programas. Estas
+orientaciones deberaÌ?n considerar la participacioÌ?n del Ministerio de Salud.
+
+
+ Se prohibe la venta, suministro o consumo de toda clase de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas, en forma habitual y permanente, en los establecimientos
+educacionales. La infraccioÌ?n seraÌ? penada con multa de uno a cinco unidades
+tributarias mensuales.
+
+
+Con el objeto de facilitar el cumplimiento de los programas educativos
+descritos en los incisos anteriores, el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n determinaraÌ?
+los materiales educativos que se utilizaraÌ?n para ese fin, proporcionaraÌ? los
+medios necesarios para que se cuente con ellos en los establecimientos
+educacionales de menores recursos y organizaraÌ? cursos de capacitacioÌ?n de
+profesores que permitan disponer de docentes especializados en la
+prevencioÌ?n del abuso en el consumo del alcohol.
+
+
+ Una comisioÌ?n interministerial, compuesta por representantes de los
+Ministerios de EducacioÌ?n, de Salud y de Trabajo y PrevisioÌ?n Social, estaraÌ?
+encargada de implementar y fomentar programas de prevencioÌ?n del abuso de
+bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser impartidos en empresas, servicios puÌ?blicos y
+municipalidades, y de arbitrar las medidas y efectuar los estudios
+necesarios para evaluar sus resultados.".
+
+
+ 12) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 132 la frase "un
+quinto de sueldo vital mensual" por "una a tres unidades tributarias
+mensuales", y supriÌ?mese el vocablo "Comunales", las dos veces que alliÌ?
+figura.
+
+
+13) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 135 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 135.- El coÌ?nyuge o el padre o la madre de familia que
+habitualmente se encontrare bajo la influencia del alcohol, de modo que no
+le sea posible administrar correctamente sus negocios o sustentar a su
+coÌ?nyuge e hijos, podraÌ? ser internado en hospitales que cuenten con
+programas de tratamiento para bebedores problema y alcohoÌ?licos, a peticioÌ?n
+de cualquiera de los miembros mayores de edad de su familia. Si la
+solicitud se funda en mala administracioÌ?n de los negocios, el interesado
+deberaÌ? probar que resulta lesionado por eÌ?sta.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? con conocimiento de causa, breve y sumariamente,
+oyendo personalmente al interesado y a sus parientes, previo informe de un
+meÌ?dico legista o especialista que establezca la circunstancia de que se
+trata de un alcohoÌ?lico y precise la duracioÌ?n que deba darse al tratamiento.
+Contra la resolucioÌ?n judicial que se dicte soÌ?lo procederaÌ? el recurso de
+apelacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ El menor sometido a tutela o curaduriÌ?a podraÌ? ser internado a peticioÌ?n
+del tutor o curador en conformidad a las disposiciones del inciso
+precedente. El hijo ebrio que se encuentre bajo patria potestad podraÌ? ser
+internado a peticioÌ?n del padre o la madre, en su caso, por el periÌ?odo que
+fije la DireccioÌ?n del Centro.
+
+
+ Cualquiera de los miembros del grupo familiar podraÌ? solicitar que a
+la persona que se encuentre de ordinario bajo los efectos del alcohol y que
+maltrate habitualmente de obra o de palabra a alguno de los componentes del
+grupo le sean aplicables todas o algunas de las medidas establecidas en la
+letra h) del artiÌ?culo 3º de la ley Nº 19.325, sobre Violencia
+Intrafamiliar.
+
+
+ El juez procederaÌ? en la forma establecida en el inciso segundo de
+este artiÌ?culo, debiendo precisar la duracioÌ?n de las medidas indicadas
+precedentemente, las que son esencialmente temporales y no podraÌ?n exceder
+de sesenta diÌ?as haÌ?biles. En caso de reincidencia, eÌ?stas se podraÌ?n
+prolongar por el tiempo que el tribunal estime necesario, hasta un maÌ?ximo
+de ciento ochenta diÌ?as haÌ?biles, en total.
+
+
+ Si el agresor fuere un menor, el juez deberaÌ? indicar, en la
+resolucioÌ?n correspondiente, la institucioÌ?n u hogar de menores que deberaÌ?
+recibirlo por el tiempo que duren las medidas adoptadas por el tribunal.
+
+
+ En los programas de tratamiento y rehabilitacioÌ?n para bebedores
+problema y alcohoÌ?licos, deberaÌ?n establecerse actividades especiales para
+los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os.".
+
+
+ 14) SustituÌ?yese en el artiÌ?culo 136 los vocablos "21 anÌ?os" por "18
+anÌ?os".
+
+
+15) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 139 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 139.- Todos los establecimientos que expendan,
+proporcionen, distribuyan o mantengan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, estaraÌ?n sujetos
+a la vigilancia e inspeccioÌ?n de Carabineros de Chile y de los inspectores
+municipales y fiscales.
+
+
+ Cualesquiera que estorbe o impida la entrada de los mencionados
+funcionarios, incluidos los duenÌ?os, representantes legales o empleados de
+dichos establecimientos, incurriraÌ? en la pena senÌ?alada en el artiÌ?culo 172.
+
+
+ La inspeccioÌ?n podraÌ? practicarse, en caso de resistencia, con el
+auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+ En la misma multa incurriraÌ?n las personas indicadas en el inciso
+segundo si no tuvieren ceÌ?dula de identidad o se negaren a exhibirla. En
+estos casos, ademaÌ?s, tendraÌ? lugar lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 260 bis del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en los incisos anteriores, los
+tribunales competentes podraÌ?n decretar el allanamiento de inmuebles para
+fiscalizar el cumplimiento de esta ley.
+
+
+ Si de los antecedentes proporcionados se desprenden indicios de que
+en la propiedad cuyo registro se solicita se venden, proporcionan o
+distribuyen clandestinamente bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, el juez requerido deberaÌ?
+decretar de inmediato tal diligencia, la que deberaÌ? llevarse a efecto con
+el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, a maÌ?s tardar dentro de las veinticuatro
+horas desde que se formuloÌ? la peticioÌ?n respectiva.".
+
+
+16) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 140 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 140.- Todos los establecimientos de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas
+quedaraÌ?n clasificados dentro de las siguientes categoriÌ?as y tendraÌ?n las
+caracteriÌ?sticas que se senÌ?alan:
+
+
+ A) DEPOÌ?SITOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, para ser consumidas fuera del
+local de venta o de sus dependencias.
+
+
+ B) HOTELES, ANEXOS DE HOTELES, CASAS DE PENSIOÌ?N O RESIDENCIALES:
+
+
+ a) Hotel y anexo de hotel, en el que se preste servicio de hospedaje
+y alimentacioÌ?n. El expendio deberaÌ? realizarse en las dependencias
+destinadas para tales efectos;
+
+
+ b) Casas de pensioÌ?n o residenciales, que proporcionen alojamiento y
+comida, principalmente por meses. El expendio se haraÌ? exclusivamente a los
+alojados, en las horas de almuerzo o de comida y soÌ?lo en los comedores.
+
+
+ C) RESTAURANTES DIURNOS O NOCTURNOS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas a los clientes que concurran a ingerir alimentos preparados.
+
+
+ D) CABAREÌ?S O PENÌ?AS FOLCLOÌ?RICAS:
+
+
+ a) CabareÌ?s, con espectaÌ?culos artiÌ?sticos y expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas;
+
+
+ b) PenÌ?as folcloÌ?ricas, destinadas a difundir el folclore nacional, con
+venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ E) CANTINAS, BARES, PUBS Y TABERNAS, con expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas y venta de comida raÌ?pida.
+
+
+ F) ESTABLECIMIENTOS DE EXPENDIO DE CERVEZA O SIDRA DE FRUTAS, que
+podraÌ?n funcionar en forma aislada o junto a pasteleriÌ?as, fuentes de soda u
+otros anaÌ?logos.
+
+
+ G) QUINTAS DE RECREO O SERVICIOS AL AUTO, que reuÌ?nan las condiciones
+ de bar, restaurante y cabareÌ?, pero con playa de estacionamiento de
+automoÌ?viles para sus clientes.
+
+
+ H) SUPERMERCADOS O MINIMERCADOS DE BEBIDAS ALCOHOÌ?LICAS, que
+funcionaraÌ?n anexos a supermercados de comestibles y en los cuales se podraÌ?
+expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas envasadas al por mayor o al detalle, para ser
+consumidas fuera del local de venta, sus dependencias y estacionamientos.
+
+
+ I) HOTELES, MOTELES, HOSTERIÌ?AS O RESTAURANTES DE TURISMO:
+
+
+ a) Hotel de turismo, en que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje, sin perjuicio de otros servicios complementarios, y que
+comprende las patentes de hotel, restaurante, cantina y cabareÌ?;
+
+
+ b) HosteriÌ?a de turismo, en la que se presta al turista servicio de
+hospedaje y alimentacioÌ?n, con expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas;
+
+
+ c) Motel de turismo, en el que se proporciona servicio de hospedaje
+en unidades habitacionales independientes o aisladas entre siÌ?, dotadas de
+elementos que permitan la preparacioÌ?n de comidas;
+
+
+ d) Restaurante de turismo, que comprende las patentes de restaurante,
+cantina y cabareÌ?.
+
+
+ J) BODEGAS ELABORADORAS O DISTRIBUIDORAS DE VINOS, LICORES O CERVEZA
+QUE EXPENDAN AL POR MAYOR, en cantidades no inferiores a 200 litros, si se
+trata de venta a granel, o de 48 botellas, si la venta es de bebidas
+envasadas.
+
+
+ K) CASAS IMPORTADORAS DE VINOS O LICORES CON VENTA AL POR MAYOR,
+destinadas a la venta al por mayor de vinos y licores importados.
+
+
+ L) AGENCIAS DE VINÌ?AS O DE INDUSTRIAS DE LICORES ESTABLECIDAS FUERA DE
+LA COMUNA, que vendan, por intermedio de comisionistas o de corredores,
+vinos o licores en representacioÌ?n y por cuenta de una o maÌ?s vinÌ?as o de una
+o maÌ?s faÌ?bricas de licores o de ambas, siempre que eÌ?stas se encuentren
+ubicadas fuera de la comuna donde el agente ejerce su actividad.
+
+
+ M) CIRCULOS O CLUBES SOCIALES CON PERSONALIDAD JURIDICA, con expendio
+de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y alimentos.
+
+
+ N) INSTITUCIONES DE CARACTER DEPORTIVO O CULTURAL, con personalidad
+juriÌ?dica, siempre que tengan patente de restaurante.
+
+
+ NÌ?) SALONES DE TE O CAFETERIAS, en los que se permitiraÌ? tambieÌ?n el
+expendio de cerveza, de sidra y de vino, siempre que vengan envasados.
+
+
+ O) SALONES DE BAILE O DISCOTECAS, en los cuales soÌ?lo se permitiraÌ?
+baile con muÌ?sica grabada u orquestas, sin representaciones con nuÌ?meros en
+vivo.".
+
+
+17) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 144 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 144.- Las patentes se concederaÌ?n en conformidad con las
+disposiciones de la ley de Rentas Municipales y de la ley Nº 18.695, sin
+perjuicio de las normas contenidas en esta ley.
+
+
+ El valor de las patentes deberaÌ? ser pagado por semestres anticipados,
+en los meses de enero y julio de cada anÌ?o.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas no podraÌ?n
+funcionar sin que hayan pagado previamente la patente que corresponda, ni
+podraÌ?n continuar funcionando sin tenerla al diÌ?a, salvo que este hecho no
+fuere imputable al deudor y lo probare documentalmente.
+
+
+ El infractor de esta disposicioÌ?n sufriraÌ? una multa de diez unidades
+tributarias mensuales, que se aumentaraÌ?n a veinte, si persistiere. Si
+aplicada la segunda multa, el infractor no pagare la patente que lo
+habilita para expender bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, seraÌ? sancionado con la clausura
+definitiva del establecimiento y con la caducidad de la patente.".
+
+
+18) SustituÌ?yese los dos primeros incisos del artiÌ?culo 147 por los
+siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 147.- En cada comuna, las patentes indicadas en las letras
+A, E y F del artiÌ?culo 26 no podraÌ?n exceder, en ninguÌ?n caso, la proporcioÌ?n
+de un establecimiento por cada 600 habitantes.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero de patentes limitadas en cada comuna seraÌ? fijado cada tres
+anÌ?os por el intendente regional, previo informe del alcalde, con acuerdo
+del concejo, tomando como base el nuÌ?mero de habitantes que senÌ?ale el
+Instituto Nacional de EstadiÌ?sticas y distribuidas dentro de las diversas
+categoriÌ?as senÌ?aladas en el inciso anterior.".
+
+
+ 19) ElimiÌ?nase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 150 la frase "en
+conformidad a lo que dispone el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 140", y la coma
+(,) que la precede.
+
+
+20) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 153 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 153.- Las municipalidades determinaraÌ?n, en sus respectivos
+planos reguladores, o a traveÌ?s de ordenanzas municipales, las zonas de su
+territorio en las que podraÌ?n instalarse cantinas, bares o tabernas, cabareÌ?s
+y locales de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+respectivo local.
+
+
+Los negocios que despueÌ?s de establecidos resultaren afectados por esta
+prohibicioÌ?n, soÌ?lo podraÌ?n funcionar hasta por un anÌ?o maÌ?s, contado desde la
+publicacioÌ?n de esta ley.
+
+
+ No obstante lo anterior, se prohibe la existencia de cantinas, bares
+o tabernas, cabareÌ?s, botilleriÌ?as y locales de expendio de bebidas
+alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del respectivo local, a menos de cien
+metros de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n o de salud, de terminales y garitas
+de la movilizacioÌ?n colectiva y de otros que determine la respectiva
+Municipalidad.
+
+
+ La distancia se mediraÌ? entre los extremos maÌ?s proÌ?ximos de los
+respectivos establecimientos, tomando la liÌ?nea de acceso principal maÌ?s
+corta, por aceras, calles y espacios de uso puÌ?blico.".
+
+
+21) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 154 la expresioÌ?n "un
+octavo a un cuarto de sueldo vital mensual" por "un cuarto de unidad
+tributaria mensual".
+
+
+22) DeroÌ?gase el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 157.
+
+
+23) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 158 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 158.- Las bebidas alcohoÌ?licas expendidas por los depoÌ?sitos
+de bebidas no podraÌ?n ser consumidas en lugares anexos a ellos o ubicados a
+una distancia menor de cien metros y de los cuales sea propietario,
+arrendatario o administrador el duenÌ?o del respectivo establecimiento, con
+excepcioÌ?n de aquellos locales que cuenten con la patente correspondiente.".
+
+
+ 24) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 159:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso primero, a continuacioÌ?n de la frase "Se
+prohibe la venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas", las siguientes: "en los
+minimercados situados en estaciones de expendio de combustible; en los
+campos y recintos destinados a espectaÌ?culos deportivos;".
+
+
+b) En el mismo inciso, reemplaÌ?zase la expresioÌ?n "elementos de transporte"
+por "vehiÌ?culos de transporte".
+
+
+ 25) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso tercero del artiÌ?culo 160 la expresioÌ?n
+"un octavo a un cuarto de sueldo vital" por "una unidad tributaria
+mensual".
+
+
+ 26) SupriÌ?mese el artiÌ?culo 161.
+
+
+27) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 163 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 163.- Se prohibe el trabajo a los menores de dieciocho anÌ?os
+en los lugares en que se expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.
+
+
+ No estaÌ?n comprendidos en esta prohibicioÌ?n los mensajeros,
+ascensoristas, porteros, ayudantes de garzoÌ?n, ayudantes de cocina,
+encargados de aseo, estudiantes en praÌ?ctica y otros que, en razoÌ?n de sus
+ocupaciones, no intervengan en el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas.".
+
+
+28) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 164 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 164.- Los supermercados, almacenes y establecimientos
+afines que expendan bebidas alcohoÌ?licas para ser consumidas fuera del
+local, deberaÌ?n aislar el aÌ?rea de expendio de estos productos para dar
+cumplimiento al horario fijado por la Municipalidad respectiva, pudiendo
+continuar con el funcionamiento del resto del local, si asiÌ? lo desean.".
+
+
+ 29) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 166:
+
+
+ a) SupriÌ?mese en el nuÌ?mero 1 la palabra "municipales" y la coma que la
+antecede.
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 5 por el que se indica a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "5.- Los consejeros regionales, los alcaldes y los concejales, y".
+
+
+30) IntroduÌ?cese las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 167:
+
+
+ReemplaÌ?zase el encabezamiento por el siguiente:
+
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 167.- La municipalidad respectiva deberaÌ? suspender la
+autorizacioÌ?n de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a los establecimientos que
+se encuentren en los casos siguientes:".
+
+
+b) IntercaÌ?lase en el nuÌ?mero 1, a continuacioÌ?n de las palabras "concedida
+por error", la frase "o transferida a cualquier tiÌ?tulo", entre comas.
+
+
+c) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2 las palabras "salubridad e higiene" por
+"salubridad, higiene y seguridad".
+
+
+ 31) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 168:
+
+
+a) ReemplaÌ?zase en el inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "un octavo a un sueldo
+vital" por "cinco a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+b) SustituÌ?yese el inciso tercero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La reincidencia seraÌ? sancionada con multa de igual monto, comiso de
+las bebidas y utensilios y clausura del establecimiento cuando corresponda.
+ La segunda reincidencia se sancionaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, con prisioÌ?n inconmutable de
+veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as.".
+
+
+ 32) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 169:
+
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso cuarto por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La venta de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas a cualquier establecimiento no
+autorizado para venderlas seraÌ? sancionada con multa de quince a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales. En estos casos se sancionaraÌ? con multa de
+diez a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales a los fabricantes, a sus
+agentes y a los distribuidores, a menos que acrediten justa causa de error
+en cuanto al destino que ha tenido la mercaderiÌ?a que han distribuido. El
+vehiÌ?culo y cualquier otro medio utilizado para cometer esta infraccioÌ?n seraÌ?
+retenido por Carabineros y devuelto una vez que se deposite en la unidad
+policial respectiva el valor equivalente al miÌ?nimo de la multa y sus
+recargos.".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso quinto la expresioÌ?n "15 a 30 sueldos
+vitales" por "diez a veinte unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+33) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo 170 la palabra "negocio" por
+"establecimiento".
+
+
+34) IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 171:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese la expresioÌ?n "tres sueldos vitales" por "diez a veinte
+unidades tributarias mensuales".
+
+
+b) ReemplaÌ?zase las oraciones "a los Regidores que hayan concurrido con su
+voto favorable al respectivo acuerdo y al Alcalde cuando concurra con su
+voto o no representare el acuerdo ilegal", por "al alcalde".
+
+
+35) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 172 por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 172.- Toda infraccioÌ?n de esta ley que no tenga senÌ?alada una
+sancioÌ?n especial se castigaraÌ? con multa de una a cinco unidades tributarias
+mensuales; la segunda vez, se penaraÌ? con el doble de la multa; la
+tercera, con el triple de la multa con que se haya sancionado la primera
+vez y clausura definitiva.
+
+
+ La persona que fuere condenada y no pagare la multa por cualquiera de
+las infracciones contempladas en esta ley sufriraÌ?, por viÌ?a de sustitucioÌ?n y
+apremio, un diÌ?a de prisioÌ?n por cada dos centeÌ?simos de unidad tributaria
+mensual a que haya sido condenada, no pudiendo exceder la pena de sesenta
+diÌ?as.
+
+
+ No se tomaraÌ?n en consideracioÌ?n, para los efectos de determinar la
+reincidencia o reiteracioÌ?n, sino las infracciones cometidas en los uÌ?ltimos
+doce meses anteriores a la que motiva el juicio.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 172 bis.- Los establecimientos clausurados definitivamente
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n reabrirse para el expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas por distinto
+duenÌ?o y con otra patente.
+
+
+ Los establecimientos clausurados temporalmente podraÌ?n ser reabiertos
+antes del plazo cuando el propietario del inmueble acredite que lo
+destinaraÌ? a otros usos. En todo caso, para el alzamiento se requiere orden
+judicial.
+
+
+ La violacioÌ?n de la clausura seraÌ? castigada con prisioÌ?n en sus grados
+medio a maÌ?ximo, inconmutable, y comiso de las bebidas.".
+
+
+ 36) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 173, a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n
+"Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes,", lo siguiente: "del
+alcalde o del concejo municipal,".
+
+
+37) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 176 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 176.- Las bebidas y elementos decomisados seraÌ?n depositados
+en los lugares que, a requerimiento del tribunal, deberaÌ?n proveer las
+municipalidades. Los comisos seraÌ?n vendidos en subasta puÌ?blica por el
+funcionario del respectivo tribunal o el martillero puÌ?blico que designe el
+juez. Su producto, una vez deducidos los gastos del remate, se ingresaraÌ? en
+la tesoreriÌ?a regional o provincial correspondiente, para ser depositado en
+una cuenta especial que llevaraÌ? la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Los recursos mencionados deberaÌ?n ser destinados a los programas de
+prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n establecidos en esta ley.
+
+
+ SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n concurrir como postores al remate los comerciantes de
+alcoholes que tengan su patente al diÌ?a.".
+
+
+38) DeroÌ?ganse los artiÌ?culos 178 a 181.
+
+
+39) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 182 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 182.- Los creÌ?ditos resultantes de las responsabilidades
+pecuniarias procedentes de las infracciones de esta ley gozaraÌ?n del
+privilegio que para los impuestos fiscales otorgan las reglas de prelacioÌ?n
+de creÌ?ditos del CoÌ?digo Civil sobre los establecimientos y sus anexos y
+sobre las mercaderiÌ?as existentes.
+
+
+ En caso de transferencia, a cualquier tiÌ?tulo, de un establecimiento
+de expendio de bebidas alcohoÌ?licas, el nuevo propietario seraÌ?
+solidariamente responsable con el vendedor de las obligaciones pecuniarias
+provenientes de las infracciones, en la forma establecida en el inciso
+anterior.".
+
+
+ 40) DeroÌ?gase el artiÌ?culo 185.
+
+
+ 41) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 186 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 186.- Los delegados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley
+de Alcoholes percibiraÌ?n, por sus actuaciones en las causas por infraccioÌ?n
+de las disposiciones de esta ley, un honorario uÌ?nico equivalente al 10% del
+total de las sumas que ingresen por concepto de multas, honorario que se
+pagaraÌ? mensualmente al interesado por la tesoreriÌ?a respectiva.
+
+
+ Del saldo, el 40% se destinaraÌ? a los Servicios de Salud para el
+financiamiento y mantencioÌ?n de los programas de rehabilitacioÌ?n de personas
+alcohoÌ?licas, y el 60% a las municipalidades, para el financiamiento y
+mantencioÌ?n de los programas de prevencioÌ?n y rehabilitacioÌ?n de personas
+alcohoÌ?licas.".
+
+
+
+
+ 42) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 188 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 188.- Para los efectos de determinar el equivalente en
+pesos de las multas que establece esta ley, se estaraÌ? al valor de la unidad
+tributaria mensual a la fecha de su pago efectivo.
+
+
+ Por resolucioÌ?n fundada, el juez podraÌ? moderar la multa aplicada,
+rebajaÌ?ndola a una suma que pueda ser inferior al miÌ?nimo que establece la
+ley, si antes de ser pagada se pidiere reposicioÌ?n fundada en antecedentes
+relativos a la situacioÌ?n econoÌ?mica del afectado que, a juicio del tribunal,
+comprueben su excesivo monto.
+
+
+ En casos muy calificados, el juez podraÌ? dejar en suspenso la
+aplicacioÌ?n de la pena pecuniaria, beneficio que se revocaraÌ? si se cometiere
+nueva infraccioÌ?n dentro de los seis meses siguientes.".
+
+
+ 43) IntercaÌ?lase el siguiente artiÌ?culo 191, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 191.- El juez, una vez ejecutoriada la sentencia y con
+acuerdo expreso del infractor, salvo que eÌ?ste haya quebrantado la condena,
+podraÌ? conmutar la sancioÌ?n por la realizacioÌ?n de trabajos determinados en
+beneficio de la comunidad.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que otorgue la conmutacioÌ?n deberaÌ? senÌ?alar expresamente
+el tipo de trabajo, el lugar donde debe realizarse, su duracioÌ?n y la
+persona o institucioÌ?n encargada de controlar su cumplimiento. Los trabajos
+se realizaraÌ?n sin afectar la jornada laboral que tenga el infractor, con un
+maÌ?ximo de ocho horas semanales.
+
+
+ La no realizacioÌ?n cabal y oportuna de los trabajos determinados por
+el tribunal dejaraÌ? sin efecto la conmutacioÌ?n por el solo ministerio de la
+ley, debiendo cumplirse iÌ?ntegramente la sancioÌ?n primitiva aplicada, a menos
+que el juez, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, determine otra cosa.".
+
+
+44) AgreÌ?gase los siguientes artiÌ?culos 1º a 6º transitorios, nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio.- Las reglas contenidas en los artiÌ?culos
+transitorios siguientes se aplicaraÌ?n a los procesos que se inicien por
+infraccioÌ?n a las normas de esta ley, por hechos ocurridos desde la fecha de
+su publicacioÌ?n y hasta que entre en vigencia el nuevo CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, oportunidad a partir de la cual los nuevos procesos
+que se incoen, por hechos acaecidos desde la fecha de vigencia del citado
+CoÌ?digo, se tramitaraÌ?n conforme a las reglas generales que para faltas y
+simples delitos de accioÌ?n puÌ?blica aqueÌ?l establezca.
+
+
+ En ambos casos las causas que se hallaren en tramitacioÌ?n continuaraÌ?n
+ventilaÌ?ndose, hasta su terminacioÌ?n, con sujecioÌ?n a las normas vigentes al
+momento de su inicio y ante el tribunal en que se hallaren radicadas.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º transitorio.- Los agentes de la policiÌ?a que sorprendan
+infracciones o contravenciones de esta ley deberaÌ?n denunciarlas al juzgado
+competente.
+
+
+ Igual deber tendraÌ?n los inspectores fiscales y municipales que
+sorprendan infracciones o contravenciones que sean de competencia de los
+jueces de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ Una copia de los partes o denuncias que remitan a los tribunales
+deberaÌ? enviarse oportunamente al abogado o a los delegados del Departamento
+de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes.
+
+
+ El Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes podraÌ? denunciar al
+tribunal las infracciones que comprobare y las que sean puestas en su
+conocimiento por los intendentes, gobernadores, alcaldes y concejales, los
+directores de establecimientos de educacioÌ?n, las juntas de vecinos y otras
+entidades de caraÌ?cter social, de beneficencia y de asistencia y proteccioÌ?n
+de menores en situacioÌ?n irregular.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º transitorio.- El tribunal pondraÌ? en conocimiento del
+inculpado el parte o denuncia y lo interrogaraÌ? de acuerdo con su contenido.
+
+
+ En caso de que el inculpado reconociere ante el tribunal su
+participacioÌ?n en los hechos denunciados y se allanare a la sancioÌ?n que el
+mismo tribunal le advirtiere que establece la ley para estos casos, se
+aplicaraÌ? a eÌ?ste la pena inmediatamente inferior a la que corresponda y se
+dictaraÌ? sentencia definitiva de inmediato, la que no seraÌ? susceptible de
+recurso alguno.
+
+
+ Se entenderaÌ? comprobado el hecho denunciado con las aseveraciones
+contenidas en el respectivo parte o denuncia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º transitorio.- Si el inculpado negare los cargos que se
+le formulan, el juez lo dejaraÌ? citado para una audiencia determinada.
+
+
+ Los delegados y abogados del Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de
+Alcoholes figuraraÌ?n en las causas como parte, sin necesidad de formular
+querella.
+
+
+ En lo demaÌ?s, se seguiraÌ?n las reglas sobre procedimiento ante los
+juzgados de policiÌ?a local.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º transitorio.- Cuando se tratare de investigar uÌ?nicamente
+los delitos a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 121, la causa se tramitaraÌ? de
+acuerdo con las reglas establecidas en el TiÌ?tulo I del Libro Tercero del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal. Las indemnizaciones civiles podraÌ?n
+reclamarse en el mismo proceso, tan pronto como quede ejecutoriado el
+fallo, conforme a las reglas del juicio sumario, sin que tenga aplicacioÌ?n
+lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 681 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ Si se causaren lesiones menos graves o graves o se ocasionare la
+muerte de una o maÌ?s personas, se aplicaraÌ?n las normas del Libro Segundo del
+CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, con las modificaciones que se mencionan a
+continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ a) SoÌ?lo podraÌ?n querellarse el ofendido con el delito y el
+perjudicado, en su caso. No seraÌ? necesario ratificar la querella, pero el
+juez podraÌ? tomar declaracioÌ?n al querellante, si asiÌ? conviniere al
+esclarecimiento de los hechos.
+
+
+ b) No podraÌ?n acumularse estas causas sino con aquellas en las que se
+investiguen otros delitos sancionados en el artiÌ?culo 121 o cuasidelitos
+cometidos con ocasioÌ?n de los mismos hechos. Las causas acumuladas se
+tramitaraÌ?n por el procedimiento senÌ?alado en este artiÌ?culo cuando comprendan
+soÌ?lo los delitos sancionados por desempenÌ?o en estado de ebriedad.
+
+
+ c) El sumario seraÌ? puÌ?blico, salvo que el juez, por razones fundadas,
+determine que deben mantenerse en secreto las actuaciones que se
+practiquen. La duracioÌ?n del secreto del sumario no podraÌ? exceder de veinte
+diÌ?as. El Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes podraÌ? siempre
+imponerse de las actuaciones del proceso.
+
+
+ d) El juez deberaÌ? recabar el extracto de filiacioÌ?n y antecedentes del
+detenido y el certificado de las anotaciones que consten en el Registro
+Nacional de Conductores, una vez que el imputado preste la declaracioÌ?n
+indagatoria.
+
+
+ OrdenaraÌ?, asimismo, la retencioÌ?n del carneÌ?, permiso o autorizacioÌ?n
+que lo habilite para conducir, el que no seraÌ? devuelto hasta que, basado en
+antecedentes calificados del proceso, el juez estime que de la conduccioÌ?n
+no se derivaraÌ? ninguÌ?n peligro para la seguridad de las personas o para el
+traÌ?nsito puÌ?blico. En ninguÌ?n caso este beneficio podraÌ? otorgarse al
+reincidente.
+
+
+ e) Cuando el tribunal lo estime suficiente, podraÌ? solicitar el
+dictamen de un solo perito sobre cualquiera de los puntos comprendidos en
+la investigacioÌ?n, el que deberaÌ? expedirlo verbalmente, mediante una
+declaracioÌ?n en la causa, o por escrito, seguÌ?n lo determine el juez. El
+tribunal podraÌ? dar valor de plena prueba a dicho informe.
+
+
+ f) Si, como consecuencia del manejo en estado de ebriedad, resultaren
+lesiones menos graves o graves o la muerte de alguna persona, las
+autoridades policiales procederaÌ?n a poner el vehiÌ?culo a disposicioÌ?n del
+tribunal, salvo que esteÌ? destinado a un servicio del Estado o a servicios
+municipales de utilidad puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Cuando existieren presunciones fundadas de culpabilidad, el juez
+podraÌ? ordenar la retencioÌ?n judicial del vehiÌ?culo hasta que se caucionen las
+responsabilidades civiles.
+
+
+ g) SoÌ?lo seraÌ?n apelables:
+
+
+ 1º. Las resoluciones que nieguen la libertad provisional del
+inculpado o procesado;
+
+ 2º. El auto de procesamiento;
+
+ 3º. Las que se refieran a medidas adoptadas por el juez para
+garantizar la accioÌ?n civil. En estos casos, las apelaciones se concederaÌ?n
+siempre en lo devolutivo, sin que puedan entorpecer la marcha del proceso
+criminal, cualquiera que sea su estado;
+
+ 4º. La sentencia definitiva, y
+
+ 5º. El sobreseimiento temporal o definitivo.
+
+
+ Las causas en que se haya apelado de las resoluciones mencionadas en
+los nuÌ?meros 2º a 5º de esta regla se pondraÌ?n en lugar preferente en la
+tabla de la semana siguiente a la fecha de su ingreso al tribunal. El
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes tendraÌ? la obligacioÌ?n de
+activar la tramitacioÌ?n de las causas para los efectos del cumplimiento de
+esta disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En contra de las demaÌ?s resoluciones, seguÌ?n su naturaleza, soÌ?lo podraÌ?
+deducirse reposicioÌ?n dentro de tercero diÌ?a.
+
+
+ h) En los plazos establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 425 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, deberaÌ?n los querellantes y el delegado del
+Departamento de Defensa de la Ley de Alcoholes adherir a la acusacioÌ?n o
+acusar y los actores civiles presentar su demanda. Dichos plazos tendraÌ?n
+el caraÌ?cter de comunes para todas estas partes y correraÌ?n hasta el
+vencimiento del teÌ?rmino concedido al uÌ?ltimo de los notificados.
+
+
+ El plazo de diez diÌ?as para contestar la acusacioÌ?n y la accioÌ?n civil
+seraÌ? tambieÌ?n uÌ?nico y comuÌ?n para todos los procesados y demandados civiles;
+se aumentaraÌ? en la forma prevista en el artiÌ?culo 425 del mismo CoÌ?digo, y
+correraÌ? desde la uÌ?ltima notificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ El expediente, libros y piezas de conviccioÌ?n permaneceraÌ?n siempre en
+secretariÌ?a para su examen por todas las partes.
+
+
+ i) El teÌ?rmino probatorio para rendir prueba dentro de la comuna
+asiento del tribunal seraÌ? de diez diÌ?as y podraÌ? reducirse por acuerdo
+unaÌ?nime de las partes.
+
+
+
+ j) No seraÌ? necesario, para que el juez les otorgue valor probatorio,
+el reconocimiento de los instrumentos privados en la forma prevista en el
+artiÌ?culo 187 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, cuando en declaraciones o
+escritos hubieren sido reconocidos por las personas a quienes puedan
+perjudicar o de quienes emanen.
+
+
+ Tampoco seraÌ? necesario, para el mismo efecto, el reconocimiento de
+los certificados, presupuestos, facturas o constancias expedidos por
+entidades o personas puÌ?blicas o privadas, que, a juicio del tribunal,
+invistan garantiÌ?as de seriedad, siempre que, no habiendo sido impugnados,
+puedan ser tenidos como verdaderos.
+
+
+ Lo dicho en este acaÌ?pite rige tambieÌ?n respecto de la prueba de la
+accioÌ?n civil.
+
+
+ k) La sentencia definitiva no necesita cumplir con el requisito
+establecido en el nuÌ?mero 3º del artiÌ?culo 500 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento
+Penal; pero el juez describiraÌ? circunstanciadamente en uno de los
+considerandos los hechos que se encuentren probados y que constituyan, en
+su caso, el delito por el cual se aplica la sancioÌ?n.
+
+
+ l) Los recursos de casacioÌ?n en la forma o en el fondo contra la
+sentencia de segunda instancia se deduciraÌ?n en un escrito, en el plazo de
+diez diÌ?as, contados desde la notificacioÌ?n de la sentencia. Si se
+interponen ambos, se deduciraÌ?n conjuntamente en el mismo escrito.
+
+
+ En cuanto el recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma se dirija contra la
+decisioÌ?n civil, podraÌ? fundarse en las causales del artiÌ?culo 541 del CoÌ?digo
+de Procedimiento Penal, con excepcioÌ?n de las senÌ?aladas en los nuÌ?meros 10 y
+11 y, ademaÌ?s, en las causales 4ª, 6ª y 7ª del artiÌ?culo 768 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ m) Si el afectado por el danÌ?o o lesiones no interpusiere su accioÌ?n
+ante el juez del crimen, podraÌ? deducirla ante el juez civil correspondiente
+y el proceso se tramitaraÌ? de acuerdo con las reglas del juicio sumario, sin
+que le sea aplicable lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 681 del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Civil.
+
+
+ Para deducir apelacioÌ?n en contra de las sentencias definitivas
+condenatorias que se dicten respecto de los delitos descritos en el
+artiÌ?culo 121, seraÌ? menester que el apelante acompanÌ?e, al intentar el
+recurso, comprobante de haberse enterado en la cuenta corriente del
+tribunal respectivo el valor iÌ?ntegro de la multa, y de las costas en su
+caso.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º transitorio.- Se tendraÌ?n como testimonios legalmente
+prestados las declaraciones contenidas en los respectivos partes o
+denuncias, si en ellos aparece la firma de los denunciantes debidamente
+autorizada por el superior jeraÌ?rquico respectivo.
+
+
+ No seraÌ? necesaria la asistencia de los testigos de cargo si eÌ?stos son
+agentes de la policiÌ?a o inspectores fiscales o municipales, a menos que el
+juez estime conveniente su comparecencia personal. En tal caso, deberaÌ?
+fundamentar su resolucioÌ?n en forma circunstanciada, indicando los puntos
+que deberaÌ?n ser aclarados.".
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 2º.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones en la ley Nº
+18.455:
+
+
+a) AgreÌ?gase al final del inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 34 la siguiente
+oracioÌ?n. "En ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n expenderse productos envasados en sobres o
+bolsas.".
+
+
+b) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 35, a continuacioÌ?n de la
+palabra "volumen", lo siguiente: "y un mensaje que induzca a la moderacioÌ?n
+en su consumo".
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 3º.- AgreÌ?gase al inciso tercero del artiÌ?culo 116 de la ley
+Nº 18.700, orgaÌ?nica constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y
+Escrutinios", la siguiente frase final: "El que infringiere la prohibicioÌ?n
+del inciso anterior seraÌ? sancionado, ademaÌ?s, con prisioÌ?n inconmutable de
+veintiuno a sesenta diÌ?as, multa de cinco unidades tributarias mensuales y
+comiso de las bebidas.".".
+
+
+ - - - - - - -
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones de fechas 11 de agosto, 15 de
+septiembre, 15 y 22 de diciembre, todas de 1998; 5 de enero, 22 de junio, 6
+y 13 de julio, 4 de agosto y 7 de septiembre, todas de 1999, con asistencia
+de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Carlos Bombal Otaegui (Presidente) (Rodolfo
+Stange Oelckers y Antonio Horvath Kiss), Carlos Ominami Pascual, Mario RiÌ?os
+Santander (Marco Cariola Barroilhet), Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara (Hosain
+Sabag Castillo) y Enrique Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 8 de septiembre de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FERNANDO SOFFIA CONTRERAS
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+
+7 INDICE
+
+
+ PaÌ?gina
+
+Objetivos fundamentales 1
+
+Antecedentes 2
+
+DiscusioÌ?n general 3
+
+DiscusioÌ?n particular 5
+
+Modificaciones 44
+
+Proyecto de ley 72
+
+Indice 94
+
+ResenÌ?a 95
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A
+
+
+I. BOLETIN Nº: 1192-11
+
+
+II. MATERIA: proyecto de ley, en segundo traÌ?mite constitucional, que
+modifica la ley de alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y deroga el
+Libro Segundo de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+
+III. ORIGEN: mocioÌ?n de la H. Diputada senÌ?ora MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi.
+
+
+IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: segundo.
+
+
+V. APROBACION POR LA CAMARA DE DIPUTADOS: 14 de enero de 1997.
+
+
+VI. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: 17 de enero de 1997; a la ComisioÌ?n
+de Salud ingresoÌ? el 1º de julio de 1998.
+
+
+VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: primer informe; debe ser visto por la ComisioÌ?n
+de ConstitucioÌ?n, LegislacioÌ?n, Justicia y Reglamento y por la de Hacienda.
+
+
+VIII. URGENCIA: no tiene.
+
+
+IX. LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA MATERIA:
+
+
+Ley Nº 17.105, ley de alcoholes, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.455, sobre produccioÌ?n, elaboracioÌ?n y comercializacioÌ?n de
+alcoholes etiÌ?licos, bebidas alcohoÌ?licas y vinagres, y que deroga el Libro
+Primero de la ley Nº 17.105.
+
+ D.S. Nº 2.385, del Ministerio del Interior, de 1996, texto refundido de la
+ley de Rentas Municipales (D.L. Nº 3.063, de 1979).
+
+ D.S. Nº 291, del mismo Ministerio, de 1993, texto refundido de la ley
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional sobre Gobierno y AdministracioÌ?n Regional
+
+(Nº 19.175).
+
+ D.S. Nº 662, de Interior, de 1992, texto refundido de la ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional de Municipalidades (Nº 18.695).
+
+ Ley Nº 19.602, que modifica la anterior en materia de gestioÌ?n municipal.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.962, ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de ensenÌ?anza.
+
+ Ley Nº 16.618, Ley de Menores.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.469, sobre ejercicio del derecho constitucional a la proteccioÌ?n
+de la salud y que crea un ReÌ?gimen de Prestaciones de Salud (Fonasa).
+
+ Ley Nº 19.327, sobre violencia en los estadios.
+
+ Ley Nº 19.325, sobre violencia intrafamiliar.
+
+ D.F.L. Nº 1, de Hacienda, de 1993, texto refundido de la ley orgaÌ?nica del
+Consejo de Defensa del Estado.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.290, ley de traÌ?nsito.
+
+ Ley Nº 18.297, sobre procedimiento ante los Juzgados de PoliciÌ?a Local.
+
+ D.S. Nº 307, de Justicia, de 1978, texto refundido de la ley sobre
+Juzgados de PoliciÌ?a Local (Nº 15.231).
+
+ CoÌ?digo Civil, en lo relativo a curatelas.
+
+ CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil, artiÌ?culos 681 y 768, sobre procedimiento
+sumario y recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma.
+
+ CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Penal, artiÌ?culos 187, 425, 500 y 541, sobre prueba
+ instrumental, acusacioÌ?n particular y accioÌ?n civil, forma de la sentencia y
+ recurso de casacioÌ?n en la forma.
+
+ CoÌ?digo OrgaÌ?nico de Tribunales, artiÌ?culo 45, en lo relativo a competencia
+de los jueces del crimen.
+
+
+X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO APROBADO POR LA COMISION: 3 artiÌ?culos
+permanentes, el primero de los cuales contiene 44 numerales.
+
+
+XI. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO
+
+ POR LA COMISION:
+
+
+Modernizar la ley Nº 17.105 en lo relativo a prevencioÌ?n, rehabilitacioÌ?n y
+sanciones de la embriaguez, a los procedimientos aplicables en caso de
+infracciones y delitos, a la clasificacioÌ?n de los establecimientos de
+expendio y a las normas sobre patentes de alcoholes.
+
+
+XII. NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL: los nuÌ?meros 11), 18), 29) letra b),
+30) y 36) del artiÌ?culo 1º y el artiÌ?culo 3º tienen caraÌ?cter orgaÌ?nico
+constitucional.
+
+
+XIII. ACUERDOS: AprobacioÌ?n general: unanimidad (3 x 0).
+
+
+ AprobacioÌ?n particular: todas las disposiciones
+aprobadas lo fueron por unanimidad (3 x 0).
+
+
+ ValparaiÌ?so, 8 de septiembre de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ FERNANDO SOFFIA CONTRERAS
+
+ Secretario de la ComisioÌ?n
+
+-----------------------
+[1] El Libro Primero fue derogado por la ley Nº 18.455
+
+[2] Multa, suspensioÌ?n o cancelacioÌ?n del permiso para conducir y prisioÌ?n,
+seguÌ?n la extensioÌ?n del danÌ?o causado.
+
+[3] D.L. Nº 1.123, de 1975
+
+[4] Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional de 5 de abril de 1988, publicada
+en el Diario Oficial el 13 del mismo mes.
+
+[5] ArtiÌ?culo 2472 del CoÌ?digo citado.
+
+
+[6] D.F.L. Nº 178, de Hacienda, de 1981, artiÌ?culo 7º.
+
+
+
+ INFORME DE LA COMISIOÌ?N DE AGRICULTURA, recaiÌ?do en
+ el proyecto de ley, en segundo traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, que regula el establecimiento de
+ bolsas de productos agropecuarios.
+
+1.1.1.1.1 BOLETIÌ?N N°1.640-01.
+
+ _______________________________
+
+
+
+
+HONORABLE SENADO:
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n de Agricultura tiene el honor de informar en general
+y en particular el proyecto de ley de la referencia, originado en Mensaje
+de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Actualmente se encuentra en su segundo traÌ?mite constitucional. Se
+dio cuenta en sesioÌ?n de Sala del 14 de mayo de 1996, y se acordoÌ? que fuera
+informado por las Comisiones de Agricultura y de Hacienda, en su caso.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica ha hecho presente la urgencia,
+calificada de simple, en el despacho de todos sus traÌ?mites
+constitucionales.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que el proyecto en informe ha sido analizado en dos
+periÌ?odos legislativos distintos, entre junio de 1996 y enero de 1997, y
+durante los meses de octubre de 2001 y enero de 2002. Durante el primer
+periÌ?odo senÌ?alado el proyecto fue aprobado en general.
+
+
+ En la segunda etapa de discusioÌ?n, vuestra ComisioÌ?n se abocoÌ? al
+anaÌ?lisis del proyecto original y de un conjunto de indicaciones de S.E. el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, presentadas con fecha 28 de septiembre de 2001,
+las que fueron complementadas el 22 de enero de 2002.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s de sus miembros, asistioÌ? el Honorable Senador don Francisco
+Javier ErraÌ?zuriz Talavera.
+
+
+ A las sesiones del primer periÌ?odo -1996 y 1997- que vuestra ComisioÌ?n
+de Agricultura destinoÌ? al anaÌ?lisis de la iniciativa en informe,
+concurrieron, especialmente invitadas, las siguientes personas que entonces
+se encontraban en ejercicio de los cargos que a continuacioÌ?n se senÌ?alan:
+el senÌ?or Ministro de Agricultura, don Emiliano Ortega Riquelme; el senÌ?or
+Subsecretario de la misma cartera, don Alejandro GutieÌ?rrez Arteaga; los
+asesores juriÌ?dicos del Ministerio de Agricultura, senÌ?ores Sergio Mujica
+Montes y Eduardo Carrillo Tomic; don ReneÌ? GarciÌ?a Gallardo, Subdirector
+Normativo del Servicio de Impuestos Internos; el asesor del Ministerio de
+Hacienda, don CristiaÌ?n Palma Arancibia; el senÌ?or Presidente de la Bolsa de
+Comercio de Chile, don Pablo YrarraÌ?zabal ValdeÌ?s, y los senÌ?ores Gerente de
+la DivisioÌ?n de Operaciones y asesor juriÌ?dico de la misma entidad, don JoseÌ?
+Antonio MartiÌ?nez Zugarramurdi y don Guillermo Bruna Contreras,
+respectivamente; el senÌ?or Orlando VaÌ?squez Villagra, asesor juriÌ?dico de la
+Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros; los senÌ?ores Carlos Bugde Carvallo y
+JoseÌ? Manuel Montes Saavedra, Vicepresidente del ComiteÌ? de Finanzas y Fiscal
+de la AsociacioÌ?n de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras; el senÌ?or Gerente
+General de la Sociedad El Tattersall S.A., don Patricio Letelier
+Pfingsthorn; el senÌ?or Vicepresidente del Banco Transandino, don CeÌ?sar
+Barros Montero; don Augusto Carvallo CorteÌ?s, Gerente de Finanzas de
+Covarrubias y Cia. Ltda., y don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez Iturria, en
+representacioÌ?n del Instituto Libertad y Desarrollo.
+
+
+ A las sesiones celebradas durante los anÌ?os 2001 y 2002 -segundo
+periÌ?odo- concurrieron, especialmente invitados, el senÌ?or Ministro de
+Agricultura, don Jaime Campos Quiroga; la senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de
+Hacienda, donÌ?a MariÌ?a Eugenia Wagner Brizzi; el senÌ?or Subsecretario de
+Agricultura, don Arturo Barrera Miranda; el senÌ?or Subdirector Normativo
+del Servicio de Impuestos Internos, don ReneÌ? GarciÌ?a Gallardo; el asesor
+del Ministerio de Hacienda, don Jaime Crispi Lagos; el asesor del
+Ministerio de Agricultura, don Ramiro Sanhueza Riquelme; el representante
+de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, don Gonzalo Novoa Valenzuela;
+el abogado don Lisandro Serrano Spoerer; don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez
+Iturria, Director Ejecutivo de la FundacioÌ?n Jaime GuzmaÌ?n; don Jorge Quiroz
+Castro, Gerente de Jorge Quiroz y Consultores Asociados S.A. y, en
+representacioÌ?n del sector privado, los senÌ?ores CeÌ?sar Barros Montero y
+Francisco Cerda Moreno.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Cabe hacer presente que con el voto de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y Romero, se acordoÌ? solicitar el acuerdo
+de la unanimidad de los ComiteÌ?s para informar en general y en particular el
+presente proyecto, el que fue concedido con fecha 17 de octubre de 2001.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+
+2 ANTECEDENTES GENERALES
+
+
+ Para un adecuado estudio de esta iniciativa legal se tuvieron
+presentes los siguientes antecedentes:
+
+
+ 1.- Ley Nº19.220, que Regula Establecimiento de Bolsas de Productos
+Agropecuarios, de 31 de mayo de 1993.
+
+
+ 2.- Ley Nº18.045, sobre Mercado de Valores, de 22 de octubre de 1981.
+
+
+ 3.- Ley Nº18.046, sobre Sociedades AnoÌ?nimas, de 22 de octubre de
+1981.
+
+
+ 4.- Ley Nº19.301, que modifica diversos cuerpos legales relativos a
+mercado de valores, administracioÌ?n de fondos mutuos, fondos de inversioÌ?n,
+fondos de pensiones, companÌ?iÌ?as de seguros y otras materias que senÌ?ala, de
+19 de marzo de 1994.
+
+
+ 5.- Decreto ley Nº1.606, de 1976, que reemplaza texto del decreto ley
+Nº825, de 1974, sobre Impuesto a las Ventas y Servicios.
+
+
+ 6.- Ley Nº18.112, que dicta normas sobre prenda sin desplazamiento,
+de 16 de abril de 1982.
+
+
+ 7.- Ley Nº18.755, que establece normas sobre el Servicio AgriÌ?cola y
+Ganadero, deroga la ley Nº16.640 y otras disposiciones, de 7 de enero de
+1989.
+
+
+ 8.- Decreto ley Nº3.538, de 1980, que crea la Superintendencia de
+Valores y Seguros.
+
+
+ 9.- Decreto Supremo Nº511, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y
+ReconstruccioÌ?n, de 1980, que fija el texto refundido, coordinado y
+sistematizado del decreto ley Nº211, de 1973, que fijoÌ? normas para la
+defensa de la libre competencia.
+
+
+ 10.- Mensaje que inicioÌ? la tramitacioÌ?n legislativa de la iniciativa
+legal en informe, que manifiesta el intereÌ?s del Supremo Gobierno por
+fortalecer los mecanismos que tienden a perfeccionar las transacciones de
+productos agriÌ?colas y que constituye la motivacioÌ?n para proponer algunas
+modificaciones a las normas contenidas en la ley N°19.220, que regula el
+establecimiento de bolsas de productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ Para tal efecto, el Mensaje propone efectuar diversas modificaciones
+que dicen relacioÌ?n con los siguientes aspectos:
+
+
+ a).- AsimilacioÌ?n de la operacioÌ?n de las bolsas de productos
+agropecuarios a las normas contenidas en la ley N°19.301, de 1994.
+
+
+ b).- EliminacioÌ?n de las restricciones al corretaje de productos por
+cuenta propia.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta materia, el Mensaje senÌ?ala que el inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 6° de la actual ley N°19.220, prohiÌ?be el corretaje de productos
+por cuenta propia y agrega que, sin embargo, teÌ?cnicamente no existe ninguna
+razoÌ?n que justifique esta prohibicioÌ?n. AnÌ?ade que, por el contrario,
+resulta maÌ?s sano que los propios corredores asuman posiciones respecto de
+los productos que intermedian. En consideracioÌ?n a lo anterior, el
+Ejecutivo ha estimado conveniente aplicar la misma norma del artiÌ?culo 27 de
+la ley N°18.045, de Mercado de Valores, con el fin de permitir el corretaje
+por cuenta propia, ya que existen los mecanismos de resguardo de
+informacioÌ?n aplicables en el caso de que los corredores operen de tal
+manera.
+
+
+ c).- EliminacioÌ?n del requisito de antiguÌ?edad para el ejercicio del
+corretaje.
+
+
+ La letra b) del artiÌ?culo 7° considera que para el ejercicio del
+corretaje de productos se requiere una experiencia en el ramo no inferior a
+3 anÌ?os. Sobre el particular, apunta el Mensaje, no existe experiencia
+previa en la instalacioÌ?n de una bolsa de productos agropecuarios; por lo
+tanto, no se justifica una limitante de esta naturaleza. A mayor
+abundamiento -agrega- este requisito no es exigido por los intermediarios
+de valores regidos por la Ley de Mercado de Valores.
+
+
+ d).- Tratamiento tributario del pago del impuesto al valor agregado
+sobre las operaciones iniciales de la bolsa.
+
+
+ El Mensaje hace presente que diversos representantes de la bolsa de
+productos agropecuarios en formacioÌ?n, han puesto de manifiesto las
+dificultades que implicariÌ?a el tratamiento tributario que se le da al IVA
+en el marco normativo de la ley Nº19.220.
+
+
+ Al respecto, agrega el Ejecutivo, se ha tenido presente la necesidad
+de mantener el principio baÌ?sico de equidad en la aplicacioÌ?n de los
+impuestos en general y del IVA en particular -por su caracteriÌ?stica de
+gravamen indirecto- de manera de no conceder liberaciones tributarias que
+discriminen a favor de un sistema y en perjuicio de aquellos otros que
+cumplen el mismo objetivo de vender un determinado producto y que pueden
+ser adoptados alternativamente, seguÌ?n el intereÌ?s personal del momento.
+
+
+ Por esta razoÌ?n, y teniendo presente que puede existir un problema
+financiero derivado del volumen de adquisiciones que pueda realizar la
+bolsa, se ha estimado pertinente facultar el uso de un reÌ?gimen especial que
+permita obviar este inconveniente.
+
+
+ De esta manera, al ingresar productos a la bolsa se generariÌ?a una
+venta afecta a IVA por la cual esta institucioÌ?n emitiriÌ?a la factura
+respectiva al agricultor, a fin de que eÌ?ste pueda descargar sus creÌ?ditos
+fiscales normales. En consecuencia, la bolsa financia el IVA al agricultor
+y queda con un creÌ?dito fiscal pendiente de recuperacioÌ?n. Como esto
+representa una carga financiera para la bolsa, se permite a esta entidad
+solicitar al Fisco la devolucioÌ?n del IVA soportado por la compra de
+determinados productos primarios no perecibles que, teniendo un marcado
+componente de produccioÌ?n y comercializacioÌ?n estacional, generan un
+remanente de IVA con el consiguiente costo financiero.
+
+
+ Destaca que las operaciones intermedias en la bolsa, en la medida que
+sean meramente financieras, no estaraÌ?n afectas a IVA.
+
+
+ Finalmente, senÌ?ala el Mensaje, al salir el producto de la bolsa, eÌ?sta
+debe emitir una factura al comprador recargando el impuesto respectivo. En
+este caso, el IVA recargado en la factura constituiraÌ? un creÌ?dito para el
+adquirente y, con los recursos provenientes de eÌ?ste, la bolsa podraÌ?
+ingresar en arcas fiscales el total del impuesto al valor agregado
+trasladado en la factura.
+
+
+ 11.- IndicacioÌ?n formulada por S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica. El
+Ejecutivo, con fecha 28 de septiembre de 2001, presentoÌ? un conjunto de
+indicaciones al proyecto en informe.
+
+
+ En efecto, el Mensaje invoca como fundamento el intereÌ?s del Gobierno
+por potenciar mecanismos e instrumentos destinados tanto a mejorar el
+acceso de los productores agropecuarios al financiamiento y la
+administracioÌ?n de los riesgos asociados a los negocios en el sector, como a
+la promocioÌ?n de la formalizacioÌ?n y modernizacioÌ?n de la produccioÌ?n y
+comercializacioÌ?n de productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ Agrega que la remisioÌ?n de estas indicaciones constituye el
+cumplimiento del compromiso adquirido con ocasioÌ?n de los acuerdos
+alcanzados por la Mesa AgriÌ?cola, en el sentido de proponer un marco legal,
+regulatorio y tributario, que permita el buen funcionamiento de las bolsas
+de productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Mensaje realiza una breve descripcioÌ?n de las
+indicaciones propuestas, a saber:
+
+
+ En primer teÌ?rmino, se autoriza a las bolsas de productos para
+suscribir acuerdos destinados al uso de los locales, instalaciones,
+sistemas de transaccioÌ?n, informacioÌ?n, liquidacioÌ?n y compensacioÌ?n de las
+bolsas de valores, asegurando la generacioÌ?n de informacioÌ?n independiente y
+reservada para garantizar la transparencia de las operaciones. Agrega que
+eÌ?sto permitiraÌ? reducir los costos de instalacioÌ?n y funcionamiento de las
+bolsas de productos.
+
+
+ En segundo lugar, ampliÌ?a el concepto de "producto fiÌ?sico", de modo de
+permitir la eventual transaccioÌ?n en bolsa de una gama de productos basados
+en recursos naturales renovables y servicios asociados a su produccioÌ?n y
+comercializacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, precisa que los patrones emergentes de
+especializacioÌ?n productiva de algunas regiones y la experiencia
+internacional indican que las bolsas de productos en nuestro paiÌ?s tienen el
+potencial de apoyar la produccioÌ?n y perfeccionar la transaccioÌ?n de
+productos, servicios y derivados financieros asociados a la agricultura
+tradicional, ganaderiÌ?a, silvicultura, piscicultura, apicultura, avicultura
+y agroindustria.
+
+
+ En tercer lugar, extiende la gama potencial de instrumentos
+negociables al amparo de las bolsas de productos. Precisando que, para tal
+propoÌ?sito, se incluyen -ademaÌ?s de los contratos de opciones y futuros
+autorizados por el artiÌ?culo 5º de la ley- "otros contratos de derivados",
+abriendo la posibilidad de que la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros
+autorice la transaccioÌ?n de otros tiÌ?tulos.
+
+
+ En cuarto lugar, establece un patrimonio miÌ?nimo para los corredores
+de la bolsa que compren o vendan productos por cuenta propia, otorgando
+atribuciones a la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros para definir
+condiciones miÌ?nimas de solvencia patrimonial para los corredores de bolsa.
+Agrega que, con esta proposicioÌ?n, se desea cautelar tanto el riesgo de las
+operaciones de los corredores, como aquel asociado a las operaciones por
+cuenta propia.
+
+
+ En quinto lugar, elimina el requisito de que las transacciones y las
+operaciones de bolsa deban ajustarse a los usos y costumbres nacionales
+reconocidos por la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros. AnÌ?ade que, con
+la aprobacioÌ?n de los reglamentos internos de la bolsa, se estariÌ?an
+aprobando las costumbres mercantiles de la institucioÌ?n y destaca que, para
+las bolsas de valores chilenas, con largos anÌ?os de experiencia y operacioÌ?n,
+no ha sido necesario que la Superintendencia determine en forma expliÌ?cita
+las costumbres aplicables.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la indicacioÌ?n reglamenta la emisioÌ?n de los tiÌ?tulos
+sujetos al mecanismo de administracioÌ?n tributaria establecido en el nuevo
+artiÌ?culo 39 que se propone. Precisa que los tiÌ?tulos soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser
+emitidos, por la bolsa, contra el endoso en dominio y entrega, a la misma,
+de los certificados que avalen el previo almacenamiento de los productos
+que los respaldan y del vale de prenda, seguÌ?n corresponda.
+
+
+ Asimismo, permite a las bolsas de productos constituir o formar parte
+de una caÌ?mara de compensacioÌ?n, eliminaÌ?ndose la obligatoriedad impuesta por
+la actual legislacioÌ?n y que podriÌ?a importar un aumento innecesario de los
+costos de eventuales bolsas de productos en las que no se transen derivados
+financieros complejos.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, indica los requisitos que deberaÌ?n cumplir las
+entidades encargadas de certificar la conformidad de los productos que se
+transen en bolsa, respecto de los padrones establecidos en el Registro de
+Productos y a las demaÌ?s exigencias que determinen las bolsas. Agrega que
+el Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero seraÌ? el organismo encargado de autorizar a
+estas entidades, registrarlas y efectuar la fiscalizacioÌ?n correspondiente.
+
+
+ Finalmente, la indicacioÌ?n establece un mecanismo de administracioÌ?n
+tributaria general para las transacciones de tiÌ?tulos respaldados por
+certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos fiÌ?sicos, reemplazando, de esta forma,
+el artiÌ?culo 40 del actual proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, el Mensaje precisa que la normativa general que
+se propone soÌ?lo grava con IVA aquellas transacciones que impliquen la
+tradicioÌ?n de los productos, con excepcioÌ?n de la transferencia inicial de su
+dominio del propietario a la bolsa mediante el endoso del certificado de
+depoÌ?sito y del vale de prenda.
+
+
+ Agrega que los tiÌ?tulos de certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos
+podraÌ?n ser emitidos y transados en bolsa un nuÌ?mero ilimitado de veces, sin
+devengar este impuesto.
+
+
+ Establece que el IVA soÌ?lo seraÌ? pagado cuando alguÌ?n inversionista
+decida retirar el certificado de depoÌ?sito que lo respalda, momento en que
+la bolsa endosaraÌ? en dominio y traspasaraÌ? dicho documento al inversionista,
+extinguieÌ?ndose el tiÌ?tulo que lo representa, emitiendo ademaÌ?s una factura de
+venta a quien retira el producto y una de compra a quien ingresoÌ? el tiÌ?tulo
+en bolsa.
+
+
+ Concluye senÌ?alando que esta alternativa resguarda principios de
+equidad y eficiencia econoÌ?mica, viabiliza la obtencioÌ?n de financiamiento
+para la guarda de productos agropecuarios, mediante la transaccioÌ?n de
+tiÌ?tulos de certificado de depoÌ?sito y, dado que no implica costos en
+teÌ?rminos de menor recaudacioÌ?n, no obliga a limitar, por consideraciones de
+orden fiscal, los productos estandarizables y no perecibles contra los
+cuales pueden emitirse estos tiÌ?tulos.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+
+ DISCUSION GENERAL
+
+
+ Cabe reiterar que el presente proyecto ha sido analizado por vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n en dos periÌ?odos legislativos distintos, entre junio de 1996 y
+enero de 1997 y durante los meses de octubre de 2001 y enero de 2002.
+
+
+ En el primer periÌ?odo, vuestra ComisioÌ?n conocioÌ? diversas opiniones,
+las que se consignan a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Ministro de Agricultura de la eÌ?poca, don Emiliano Ortega, en
+su intervencioÌ?n, hizo presente la importancia de la iniciativa en informe
+para viabilizar la existencia y funcionamiento de las bolsas de productos
+agropecuarios, baÌ?sicamente, indicoÌ?, debido a la variacioÌ?n que estaÌ?
+afectando a la formacioÌ?n de precios en los mercados internacionales de
+productos.
+
+
+ En efecto -argumentoÌ?- la variacioÌ?n de stocks en el mercado
+internacional ha sido decisivo, senÌ?alando, a modo de ejemplo, que la
+existencia de trigo ha disminuido de 160 a 90 millones de toneladas, que es
+el consumo equivalente a 4 meses. Desde ese punto de vista, para trasladar
+los precios internacionales a los mercados internos, no obstante las bandas
+de precios, se hace indispensable la existencia de una entidad de esta
+naturaleza, como es la bolsa de productos, con las perfecciones necesarias
+que amerita un nivel oÌ?ptimo de funcionamiento.
+
+
+ ExplicoÌ? que el Gobierno ha intentado recoger las inquietudes
+formuladas, a traveÌ?s del sector privado, a la ley Nº19.220 y que dicen
+relacioÌ?n con la experiencia exigida para ser corredor, asiÌ? como el aspecto
+tributario relacionado con el IVA y el universo de productos potencialmente
+transables en la bolsa; adoptando el criterio inicial de la ley, en el
+sentido de que sean productos no perecibles, almacenables y con
+caracteriÌ?sticas especiÌ?ficas, fundamentalmente en relacioÌ?n con los granos,
+como es la experiencia internacional en bolsas de esta naturaleza.
+
+
+ Por su parte, don Eduardo Carrillo, asesor juriÌ?dico del Ministerio de
+Agricultura, resaltoÌ? que el despacho de la presente iniciativa es relevante
+para el Gobierno y, en especial, para dicha SecretariÌ?a de Estado, toda vez
+que el funcionamiento de la bolsa representa una alternativa cierta para
+modificar el esquema de comercializacioÌ?n de los productos agropecuarios en
+el paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ IndicoÌ? que el esquema se caracteriza, por una parte, por existir
+diversos frentes de productos desorganizados o atomizados y, por otra, por
+el escaso nuÌ?mero de compradores de ellos. Con el funcionamiento de la
+bolsa, anÌ?adioÌ?, se permitiriÌ?a el ingreso en este mercado de nuevos agentes
+econoÌ?micos, tales como los inversionistas, que hasta ahora no han podido
+estar presente.
+
+
+ ObservoÌ? que la ley sobre bolsas de productos agropecuarios establece
+los instrumentos y genera las garantiÌ?as adecuadas para que estos
+inversionistas operen en el mercado agriÌ?cola. En efecto, los instrumentos
+que se contemplan, entre otros, son los contratos de opcioÌ?n de compra, de
+venta y de futuro de productos que disminuyen el riesgo de los cambios de
+precio, y los certificados emitidos por los almacenes generales de
+depoÌ?sito, que asumen el costo de la guarda del producto.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el senÌ?or Carrillo mencionoÌ? algunas restricciones que
+se propone eliminar de la ley Nº19.220 y que fueron establecidas para los
+corredores de productos. En efecto, se suprime el requisito de tres anÌ?os
+de experiencia previa en el corretaje de productos, ya que no se justifica
+en la medida en que no existen bolsas anteriores. Del mismo modo, senÌ?aloÌ?,
+se permite la existencia de corredores especiales, en teÌ?rminos de que
+quienes invierten en acciones en la bolsa puedan tener, tambieÌ?n, el
+privilegio de operar como corredores en la misma; lo cual evita al
+accionista de la bolsa el tener que pagar adicionalmente un corredor
+establecido para operar sus productos.
+
+
+ DestacoÌ? como modificacioÌ?n fundamental, aquella relacionada con el
+impuesto al valor agregado en las transacciones que se produzcan en la
+bolsa. ManifestoÌ? que tal impuesto opera solamente cuando se transan
+productos fiÌ?sicos, no cuando se refiere a valores o contratos financieros,
+como son los de futuro o de opcioÌ?n y los certificados de warrants.
+
+
+ AsiÌ?, agregoÌ?, el mecanismo que contempla el proyecto es que la bolsa
+opera como comprador del producto fiÌ?sico y como vendedor final. Es decir,
+compra y le paga el IVA al productor agriÌ?cola y, luego, cuando se termina
+la transaccioÌ?n, que pueden ser varias y sucesivas internamente en la bolsa,
+le vende al uÌ?ltimo vendedor y le recarga el impuesto al valor agregado.
+
+
+ Hizo presente que este sistema, que parece normal, tiene la
+peculiaridad de que la bolsa puede recuperar el IVA que le pagoÌ? al
+productor al mes siguiente en que se produjo la compra. Es decir, no
+necesita esperar la uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n para recuperarlo.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, concluyoÌ? el senÌ?or Carrillo, la real excepcioÌ?n al
+tema tributario que se propone es la pronta recuperacioÌ?n del IVA que tiene
+la bolsa de productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ Ante una consulta del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Matta respecto a la
+forma en que el proyecto beneficiariÌ?a a los pequenÌ?os productores agriÌ?colas
+de secano, el representante del Ejecutivo indicoÌ? que la bolsa contempla
+varias ventajas, entre las cuales estaÌ? el generar un espacio para el
+ingreso de nuevos inversionistas que van a ser competidores de los
+compradores tradicionales de los productos del agro; rendir senÌ?ales de
+precios y la transparencia del mercado.
+
+
+ ArgumentoÌ? que la bolsa no es comparable con una feria de productos,
+ya que en ella los precios estaÌ?n relacionados con lo que se vende, es
+decir, se puede comprar y vender cualquier especie. En cambio, para poder
+operar en este tipo de bolsa, se debe recurrir a estaÌ?ndares previamente
+definidos, a fin de establecer unidades homogeÌ?neas en cuanto a variedad,
+calidad y cantidad.
+
+
+ Por su parte el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero manifestoÌ? que la ley
+Nº19.220, que modifica el proyecto en estudio, fue publicada en mayo de
+1993 y tuvo su origen en una mocioÌ?n suya, la que no ha tenido aplicacioÌ?n
+praÌ?ctica debido al inconveniente que suscita el tema del IVA. Considera
+que la solucioÌ?n dada por el Ejecutivo es limitada, toda vez que hace una
+enumeracioÌ?n taxativa de aquellos productos beneficiados con el reÌ?gimen de
+administracioÌ?n del impuesto al valor agregado.
+
+
+ DestacoÌ? su SenÌ?oriÌ?a, que desde el punto de vista tributario existe un
+resguardo notable, ya que la bolsa va a velar para que exista una efectiva
+transparencia en las operaciones que se realicen en su interior. Sin
+embargo, no se mostroÌ? partidario de enumerar los productos beneficiados con
+esta franquicia, ya que ello podriÌ?a limitar el nuÌ?mero de operaciones que se
+llevaran a efecto en la bolsa.
+
+
+ Por otra parte y en relacioÌ?n con la manera en que se establecioÌ? la
+normativa, comentoÌ? un estudio elaborado por don CeÌ?sar Barros Montero, en el
+cual se observa la falta de certeza respecto a la devolucioÌ?n puntual y sin
+excepciones del IVA, y la posibilidad cierta de financiar ese impuesto en
+las transacciones fuera de la lista con el sector privado.
+
+
+ Finalmente, manifestoÌ? su complacencia con la posibilidad de que el
+inversionista en la bolsa pueda tambieÌ?n ser corredor, lo cual implicaraÌ? un
+incentivo para que el agricultor o corredor tenga una mayor participacioÌ?n
+en la creacioÌ?n y organizacioÌ?n de estas entidades.
+
+
+ Respecto a la inquietud formulada por el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+Romero respecto a que los productos se encuentren delimitados mediante el
+artiÌ?culo 40 del proyecto, el entonces asesor del Ministerio de Hacienda,
+senÌ?or CristiaÌ?n Palma, explicoÌ? que ello se relaciona, exclusivamente, con el
+hecho de que los criterios que se usaron para la seleccioÌ?n de los productos
+apuntaban a que fueran aquellos que, siendo de produccioÌ?n estacional,
+tuvieran un consumo parejo durante todo el anÌ?o. Ello para diferenciarlos
+de los productos perecibles que tienen un periÌ?odo de cosecha y de
+comercializacioÌ?n de mayor estacionalidad en el tiempo, en que el tema del
+IVA no es un problema praÌ?ctico, salvo que se comercialice previo a la
+cosecha, en cuyo caso existen los instrumentos determinados por la ley
+Nº19.220, como son las ventas a futuro.
+
+
+ A su turno, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Larre intervino para
+manifestar que los productos senÌ?alados mediante el citado artiÌ?culo 40 se
+caracterizan por ser de cosecha anual, por ejemplo, cereales o leguminosas,
+sin embargo, agregoÌ?, el aÌ?rea que deberiÌ?a operar la bolsa es mayor, asiÌ?,
+argumentoÌ?, deberiÌ?an incluirse productos que son tradicionales de
+importacioÌ?n chilena como la miel y la cera. Si bien es cierto el proyecto
+faculta al Servicio de Impuestos Internos para incorporar otros productos,
+insistioÌ? en que deberiÌ?a buscarse una foÌ?rmula que produjera su agregacioÌ?n
+automaÌ?tica.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or ReneÌ? GarciÌ?a, representante del Servicio de Impuestos
+Internos, respecto de las inquietudes planteadas, senÌ?aloÌ? que luego de
+analizar la situacioÌ?n y efectuar diversos estudios se llegoÌ? a una especie
+de transaccioÌ?n en la cual se buscaron algunos productos que necesitaban de
+este tipo de ayuda o franquicia, que eran tradicionales o estacionales y
+que estaban sujetos a variaciones de precios, precisamente para evitarlas,
+como una manera de favorecer al agricultor nacional.
+
+
+ FundamentoÌ? su opinioÌ?n senÌ?alando que la lista significa una especie de
+venta con devolucioÌ?n de impuesto, correspondiendo a productos con variacioÌ?n
+estacional y de precio, a fin de evitar discriminaciones. De tal forma
+que, precisoÌ?, quienes esteÌ?n dentro de la bolsa tengan la posibilidad de
+acopiar productos fiÌ?sicos, sin que se requiera el impuesto al valor
+agregado, aunque se produzcan transacciones internas, versus los que estaÌ?n
+al exterior de ella que siÌ? van a pagar impuesto cada vez que practiquen una
+transaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Vicepresidente del Banco Transandino, don CeÌ?sar Barros
+Montero, inicioÌ? su exposicioÌ?n remontaÌ?ndose a la aprobacioÌ?n de la ley
+Nº19.220, cuerpo legal que el presente proyecto de ley modifica.
+
+
+ Al efecto, senÌ?aloÌ? que dicha ley -tramitada durante el gobierno del
+Presidente don Patricio Aylwin- al ser analizada como proyecto por el
+Honorable Senado despertoÌ? la inquietud de los entonces Senadores senÌ?ores
+Eduardo Frei, Jorge Lavandero y Sergio Romero, quienes notaron certeramente
+que el mayor inconveniente que podriÌ?a sufrir la iniciativa en la praÌ?ctica,
+seriÌ?a que tanto los productos agriÌ?colas como sus insumos se encontraran
+sujetos al pago de IVA. Como solucioÌ?n -recordoÌ?- se propuso que el
+certificado de ingreso de productos a la bolsa fuera constancia del
+surgimiento de un creÌ?dito fiscal, ante lo cual el Servicio de Impuestos
+Internos, presente en el debate, se comprometioÌ? a subsanar por la viÌ?a
+administrativa.
+
+
+ Posteriormente, se le solicitoÌ?, conjuntamente con el senÌ?or Patricio
+Letelier, Gerente General de la Sociedad El Tattersall, que estudiara el
+tema para encontrar alguna foÌ?rmula de entendimiento. Al respecto, se
+propusieron dos alternativas, siendo recogida una de ellas con serias
+modificaciones que no dan una solucioÌ?n al conflicto.
+
+
+ A su juicio, la propuesta del Ejecutivo presenta diversos
+inconvenientes, a saber:
+
+
+ 1.- Impide transar productos que no se encuentran mencionados en la
+lista del artiÌ?culo 40, porque se encontrariÌ?an afectos al pago del IVA en
+sus etapas intermedias.
+
+
+ 2.- Otorga al Servicio de Impuestos Internos amplias facultades de
+resguardo en materia de devolucioÌ?n del IVA de los productos que se autoriza
+transar en la bolsa.
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de lo anterior, considera indispensable mejorar el
+mecanismo propuesto por el proyecto para estas entidades, a fin de lograr
+un funcionamiento exitoso que permita dar un espacio a la agricultura para
+insertarse dentro del sistema financiero.
+
+
+ Para el logro de ese objetivo, agregoÌ?, se requiere, en primer lugar,
+que la devolucioÌ?n por parte del Fisco del impuesto al valor agregado de los
+productos que se indica sea sin mayor traÌ?mite, es decir, lo maÌ?s expedita
+posible y, en segundo lugar, permitir al sector privado financiar el IVA a
+los productos que no se encuentren comprendidos en el mencionado artiÌ?culo
+40.
+
+
+ Finalmente, destacoÌ? que la propuesta formulada no representa, en
+teÌ?rminos monetarios, una inversioÌ?n considerable para el erario nacional y
+que su concrecioÌ?n efectiva significariÌ?a obtener un excelente sistema
+financiero de stock agriÌ?cola en el paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, por su parte, hizo llegar a
+vuestra ComisioÌ?n su opinioÌ?n respecto de la iniciativa legal en anaÌ?lisis.
+
+
+ En efecto, manifestoÌ? su conformidad con el proyecto, solicitando a
+vuestra ComisioÌ?n la aprobacioÌ?n del texto despachado por la Honorable CaÌ?mara
+de Diputados.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia, argumentando en favor de su posicioÌ?n, hizo
+presente que todas las modificaciones propuestas a los artiÌ?culos 2°, 6°,
+7° y 8°, y al 40 que se agrega, con excepcioÌ?n de esta uÌ?ltima, estaÌ?n
+destinadas a dar un tratamiento similar a los corredores de productos con
+relacioÌ?n a sus pares que operan en la intermediacioÌ?n de valores regidos por
+la Ley de Mercado de Valores, de aplicacioÌ?n supletoria en aquellas materias
+no reguladas por la ley N°19.220.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, por tal razoÌ?n, estima de vital importancia para la
+creacioÌ?n y puesta en marcha de la bolsa de productos agropecuarios, la
+aprobacioÌ?n de las actuales reformas en traÌ?mite.
+
+
+ En lo relativo a la sustitucioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 5) del artiÌ?culo 2°, que
+permite establecer series de acciones que tengan como uÌ?nico objeto efectuar
+operaciones de corretaje de productos especiÌ?ficos y determinados, senÌ?aloÌ?
+que al introducirse una norma ideÌ?ntica a la aplicable a bolsas de valores
+-conforme al artiÌ?culo 40, N°8 de la ley N°18.045- se permitiraÌ? un mejor
+funcionamiento de aquellos corredores que operen, por ejemplo, con
+determinados productos o instrumentos financieros, redundando en un
+beneficio econoÌ?mico y de costos tanto para la bolsa como para sus miembros.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, anÌ?adioÌ?, como se trata de tiÌ?tulos uÌ?nicos -acciones
+para corredores- no se justifica que teÌ?cnicamente puedan ejercer el derecho
+de opcioÌ?n preferente que el artiÌ?culo 25 de la Ley de Sociedades AnoÌ?nimas
+consagra a favor de las sociedades anoÌ?nimas comunes, por lo que se incluye
+tambieÌ?n la limitacioÌ?n al ejercicio de dicha opcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En cuanto a la sustitucioÌ?n de la primera parte del inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 6°, la Superintendencia hizo presente que, desde un punto de vista
+teÌ?cnico, no existe ninguna justificacioÌ?n a la prohibicioÌ?n de ejercer el
+corretaje, la que se deja sin efecto mediante esta modificacioÌ?n, pues de lo
+contrario, se inhibe el intereÌ?s por desarrollar esta actividad, siendo
+preferible permitir que los corredores asuman posiciones respecto de los
+productos que intermedian. En consideracioÌ?n a lo anterior y teniendo en
+cuenta que en la Ley de Mercado de Valores no existe prohibicioÌ?n en este
+sentido, estiman conveniente la aplicacioÌ?n de la misma norma contemplada
+por el artiÌ?culo 27 de la Ley de Mercado de Valores.
+
+
+ En cuanto a la supresioÌ?n de la letra b) del artiÌ?culo 7°, que exige
+para el ejercicio del corretaje de productos una experiencia en el ramo no
+inferior a 3 anÌ?os, la Superintendencia estima altamente conveniente su
+eliminacioÌ?n considerando que, hasta ahora, no existe ni ha existido una
+bolsa de productos agropecuarios y, en consecuencia, no hay corredores con
+dicha experiencia. AdemaÌ?s, el citado requisito de antiguÌ?edad no se exige
+para los intermediarios de valores regidos por la Ley de Mercado de
+Valores.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en cuanto a agregar un nuevo artiÌ?culo 40, la
+Superintendencia manifestoÌ? que se regula el tratamiento tributario del pago
+del IVA sobre las operaciones iniciales y de salida que se efectuÌ?en en la
+bolsa de productos agropecuarios, respecto de aquellos taxativamente
+enumerados por el precepto en estudio.
+
+
+ Conforme a esta norma, la bolsa asume todas las obligaciones que
+correspondan a los contribuyentes del IVA y como contrapartida, le permite
+a eÌ?sta solicitar la devolucioÌ?n o reembolso de tales impuestos.
+
+
+ Tras efectuar el anaÌ?lisis precedente, la Superintendencia reiteroÌ? su
+opinioÌ?n favorable al proyecto en informe e instoÌ? a vuestra ComisioÌ?n a su
+aprobacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, mediante su Presidente don Pablo
+IrarraÌ?zabal ValdeÌ?s, tambieÌ?n manifestoÌ? su opinioÌ?n respecto al proyecto de
+ley en informe.
+
+
+ En primer teÌ?rmino, el senÌ?or IrarraÌ?zabal calificoÌ? como conveniente la
+modificacioÌ?n introducida por el nuÌ?mero 5 del artiÌ?culo 2°, que establece la
+posibilidad de crear series de acciones privilegiadas que permitan a sus
+titulares efectuar operaciones de corretaje de productos especiÌ?ficos.
+
+
+ En efecto, anÌ?adioÌ?, con la modificacioÌ?n propuesta se autoriza -al
+igual que ocurre con las bolsas de valores- la emisioÌ?n de acciones que, por
+permitir el corretaje soÌ?lo de ciertos productos especiÌ?ficos, tendraÌ?n un
+valor inferior al de las acciones ordinarias. Ello, puntualizoÌ?, permitiraÌ?
+el ingreso de un mayor nuÌ?mero de corredores a estas bolsas, con el
+consiguiente crecimiento y mayor competencia de este mercado. IndicoÌ? que
+es posible prever, ademaÌ?s, que debido a que los titulares de las referidas
+acciones soÌ?lo podraÌ?n transar ciertos productos, se tienda a producir una
+especializacioÌ?n en el corretaje de cada uno de los productos agropecuarios,
+lo que facilitaraÌ? las condiciones para el desarrollo de los mercados
+respectivos.
+
+
+ En segundo lugar, tambieÌ?n consideroÌ? como acertada la modificacioÌ?n
+incorporada por el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 6°, que establece la
+posibilidad de que los corredores se dediquen a la compra o venta de
+productos por cuenta propia, siempre que exista aÌ?nimo para transferir
+derechos sobre los mismos. Lo anterior, toda vez que en muchas ocasiones
+seraÌ?n los mismos corredores los que deberaÌ?n crear y dar liquidez al mercado
+de determinados productos agropecuarios, para lo que es necesaria esta
+autorizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ No obstante, la autorizacioÌ?n para operar por cuenta propia debe
+entenderse acertada soÌ?lo en la medida que se establezcan los medios que
+cautelen la adecuada transparencia, equidad y rectitud que debe existir en
+este tipo de transacciones.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ?, a modo de ejemplo, que la letra a) del artiÌ?culo 44 de la ley
+N°18.045 sobre Mercado de Valores, establece que en la reglamentacioÌ?n de
+sus propias actividades y las de sus miembros, las bolsas de valores
+deberaÌ?n contemplar normas que establezcan cuaÌ?ndo, en los casos que no
+exista una norma legal al respecto, los corredores de bolsa deben llevar
+las oÌ?rdenes que reciban directamente a la rueda, de modo de garantizar la
+reunioÌ?n en eÌ?sta, en un mercado activo y de continua subasta, de todos los
+intereses de compra y de venta, a fin de que todas las transacciones se
+efectuÌ?en en un mercado abierto donde el inversionista pueda obtener la maÌ?s
+conveniente ejecucioÌ?n de sus oÌ?rdenes.
+
+
+ Del mismo modo, senÌ?aloÌ?, el artiÌ?culo 271 de nuestro CoÌ?digo de
+Comercio, al referirse al mandato comercial, prohiÌ?be al comisionista, salvo
+autorizacioÌ?n formal, hacer contratos por cuenta de dos comitentes o por
+cuenta propia y ajena, siempre que para celebrarlos tenga que representar
+intereses incompatibles.
+
+
+ Finalmente, y en el mismo sentido, el Reglamento de la Bolsa de
+Comercio de Santiago, Bolsa de Valores, establece en su artiÌ?culo 62 que
+ninguÌ?n corredor podraÌ?, a ninguÌ?n pretexto, efectuar transacciones en
+beneficio propio, comprando o vendiendo para siÌ? los valores que un
+comitente le ha encomendado vender o comprar, salvo autorizacioÌ?n previa,
+expresa y por escrito del propio comitente. AgregoÌ? que tampoco podraÌ? vender
+a sus apoderados, operadores o empleados los valores que un comitente le
+haya encomendado vender; ni comprar a los mismos, los valores que un
+comitente le haya encomendado comprar, salvo con la autorizacioÌ?n antes
+expresada.
+
+
+ En otro orden de ideas, senÌ?aloÌ? que al suprimir la letra b) del
+artiÌ?culo 7°, que elimina como requisito para ser corredor de una bolsa de
+productos agropecuarios el haber ejercido la intermediacioÌ?n de esta clase
+de productos por un tiempo miÌ?nimo de tres anÌ?os, se eliminoÌ? un requisito que
+no tiene equivalente en la legislacioÌ?n del mercado de valores y que, en la
+especie, aparece como innecesario.
+
+
+ Finalmente, respecto a la incorporacioÌ?n del nuevo artiÌ?culo 40, que
+establece disposiciones tributarias referentes al tratamiento del IVA en
+este tipo de operaciones, consideroÌ? adecuada la orientacioÌ?n dada, ya que no
+incorpora costos financieros desde el punto de vista comercial y lo hace
+concordante con las caracteriÌ?sticas del producto. Del mismo modo -agregoÌ?-
+se hacen recaer en la bolsa todas las obligaciones de los contribuyentes
+referidas a la Ley sobre Impuesto a las Ventas y Servicios, permitiendo un
+mejor control y facilidad de operacioÌ?n. Finalmente, destacoÌ? que se
+establece que el Servicio de Impuestos Internos fije, mediante una
+resolucioÌ?n, el plazo, forma y condiciones a que deberaÌ? sujetarse el
+mecanismo especial establecido para la devolucioÌ?n transitoria anticipada
+del IVA.
+
+
+ Finalmente, la AsociacioÌ?n de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras de
+Chile, a traveÌ?s del senÌ?or Carlos Budge Carvallo y de don JoseÌ? Manuel Montes
+Saavedra, Vicepresidente del ComiteÌ? de Finanzas y Fiscal de la mencionada
+entidad, respectivamente, hicieron presente a la ComisioÌ?n que el desarrollo
+de una bolsa de productos agropecuarios es una iniciativa importante, por
+cuanto su buen desempenÌ?o es una contribucioÌ?n al proceso de formacioÌ?n de
+precios de nuestra economiÌ?a, mejorando el sistema de toma de decisiones.
+
+
+ Su funcionamiento podriÌ?a beneficiar indirectamente el desarrollo
+general del mercado financiero, y en particular al mercado de derivados,
+por cuanto el uso de estos instrumentos estaÌ? localmente restringido, en la
+praÌ?ctica, a forwards de monedas.
+
+
+ Indicaron que dado el tamanÌ?o del sector agropecuario chileno, y su
+estrecha relacioÌ?n y dependencia de los mercados internacionales, la bolsa
+de productos local se moveraÌ? en forma cercana con dichos mercados, citando
+como ejemplo a la Bolsa de Chicago. Agregaron, que es importante que el
+sector agropecuario pondere adecuadamente la presente iniciativa como un
+aporte al sistema de comercializacioÌ?n y no se la visualice como un canal
+alternativo e independiente de los mercados internacionales.
+
+
+ Manifestaron que la experiencia internacional muestra una relacioÌ?n
+proporcional entre el grado de liberalizacioÌ?n de un mercado y su
+profundidad. En general, se aprecia poca profundidad y liquidez en
+mercados intervenidos por el Estado, o con presencias oligopoÌ?licas u
+oligopsoÌ?nicas, incluso existiendo en la literatura evidencia de sesgos en
+formacioÌ?n de precios. IndicoÌ? que el sector agropecuario muestra algunos
+ejemplos de industrias con grados de concentracioÌ?n, en cuyo caso la bolsa
+y/o sus reguladores deberaÌ?n estar atentos para que el proceso de formacioÌ?n
+de precios actuÌ?e en forma libre y asociada a las condiciones generales del
+mercado, de forma que no se afecte la credibilidad y el alcance de sus
+transacciones.
+
+
+ Finalmente, agregaron, deberaÌ?n abordarse las eventuales
+inconsistencias que surjan entre el proceso de formacioÌ?n de precios de la
+bolsa de productos y las condiciones impuestas por los mecanismos de
+estabilizacioÌ?n (bandas de precio).
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n, sin perjuicio de coincidir con la necesidad de
+legislar sobre la presente iniciativa y, teniendo presente las inquietudes
+formuladas durante su estudio, estimoÌ? indispensable examinar nuevas
+alternativas que permitan, de manera efectiva, hacer operativo el
+funcionamiento de las bolsas de productos agropecuarios. Del mismo modo,
+el Ejecutivo se manifestoÌ? partidario de modificar el texto propuesto
+conviniendo en formular las propuestas necesarias para cada caso.
+
+
+ -A continuacioÌ?n, se sometioÌ? a votacioÌ?n la idea de legislar, siendo
+aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de vuestra ComisioÌ?n,
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores LarraiÌ?n, Romero y ValdeÌ?s.
+
+
+ En espera de las modificaciones que el Ejecutivo se comprometioÌ? a
+formular al proyecto en informe, se procedioÌ? a suspender su tramitacioÌ?n,
+reanudaÌ?ndose el pasado 3 de octubre de 2001, fecha en que se presentoÌ? la
+nueva indicacioÌ?n de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Durante el segundo periÌ?odo de anaÌ?lisis de esta iniciativa, el senÌ?or
+Subsecretario de Agricultura, don Arturo Barrera, hizo presente que existen
+dos antecedentes fundamentales en relacioÌ?n con la presente iniciativa, a
+saber: la ley Nº19.220, del 31 de mayo de 1993, que regula el
+establecimiento de bolsas de productos agropecuarios y el acuerdo alcanzado
+por diversos actores del sector silvoagropecuario durante el mes de
+septiembre de 2000, en el marco de la Mesa AgriÌ?cola, en el sentido de
+impulsar y apoyar la operacioÌ?n de las bolsas de productos agropecuarios
+que, con la citada ley como referente uÌ?nico, no han sido implementadas ni
+han operado debido, fundamentalmente, al tratamiento del IVA.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ? que la indicacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo, ademaÌ?s de permitir transar
+tiÌ?tulos representativos de productos sin pagar IVA -lo que resuelve el
+principal obstaÌ?culo para la operacioÌ?n de las bolsas- ampliÌ?a
+significativamente la gama de productos agropecuarios que pueden transarse
+en bolsa; aumenta la gama potencial de instrumentos transables y autoriza
+a las bolsas agriÌ?colas para adoptar acuerdos con otras bolsas dirigidos a
+compartir la capacidad instalada de eÌ?stas.
+
+
+ ReiteroÌ? que las modificaciones que contempla la indicacioÌ?n, junto con
+eliminar el impedimento maÌ?s sustantivo para la operacioÌ?n de las bolsas
+agriÌ?colas, adopta medidas que permitiraÌ?n generar un mayor volumen potencial
+de transacciones y, como consecuencia, un mayor intereÌ?s del sector privado
+por invertir en su implementacioÌ?n y operacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con la importancia que una iniciativa de esta naturaleza
+reviste para el Ministerio de Agricultura, expresoÌ? que, en primer lugar,
+este instrumento fomenta el desarrollo de los mercados de productos
+agropecuarios mediante una mayor transparencia en la formacioÌ?n de los
+precios.
+
+
+ En segundo lugar, agregoÌ?, la operacioÌ?n de este instrumento potenciaraÌ?
+el acercamiento del mercado de capitales al agro, ya que permitiraÌ? a los
+productores obtener un financiamiento directo mediante la transaccioÌ?n de
+los derivados en la bolsa, con tasas de intereÌ?s y costos de financiamiento
+muy inferiores a los disponibles en el mercado financiero. AdemaÌ?s, senÌ?aloÌ?,
+a traveÌ?s de las caÌ?maras de compensacioÌ?n y de las distintas transacciones e
+informacioÌ?n que se vaya generando en la bolsa, se acopiaraÌ? informacioÌ?n
+relativa a los riesgos del sector, lo que seraÌ? uÌ?til para objetivarlos
+frente al conjunto del sistema financiero chileno.
+
+
+ IndicoÌ? que, en tercer lugar, la bolsa agriÌ?cola constituye un aporte
+significativo, desde la perspectiva de la poliÌ?tica agraria, en cuanto
+permitiraÌ? la generacioÌ?n de mayor confianza y transparencia respecto de los
+contratos celebrados entre los distintos actores de la cadena de
+comercializacioÌ?n, tanto desde la perspectiva de la mayor informacioÌ?n como
+de su formalizacioÌ?n y cumplimiento.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, concluyoÌ?, se trata de un instrumento de nueva
+generacioÌ?n para hacer poliÌ?tica agropecuaria sectorial, vinculado a la
+entrega de informacioÌ?n a los actores del sector que les permita tomar
+decisiones de inversioÌ?n y administrar mejor los riesgos derivados de su
+actividad y que, ademaÌ?s, apuesta decididamente al desarrollo de los
+mercados.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero, junto con manifestar su
+complacencia por la presentacioÌ?n de la indicacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo, que ha
+permitido reanudar el tratamiento legislativo del presente proyecto,
+lamentoÌ? que, pese a diversos esfuerzos parlamentarios para implementar las
+bolsas de productos agropecuarios, realizados desde 1993 a la fecha, se han
+debido esperar ocho anÌ?os para dar el paso de introducir los
+perfeccionamientos necesarios para su concrecioÌ?n y desarrollo.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la ley Nº19.220, de 1993, no operoÌ? en la praÌ?ctica,
+fundamentalmente, debido a que la aplicacioÌ?n de las normas generales en
+materia de IVA encareciÌ?a la operacioÌ?n en el mecanismo de bolsa agriÌ?cola
+hasta niveles antieconoÌ?micos para sus potenciales usuarios, hacieÌ?ndose
+patente la necesidad de contar con reglas especiales en dicho aspecto,
+asociadas a la suspensioÌ?n del pago del IVA hasta el momento de la tradicioÌ?n
+de los productos fiÌ?sicos transados en la bolsa.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el asesor del Ministerio de Hacienda, don Jaime
+Crispi, explicoÌ? que el sistema propuesto opera en base al tiÌ?tulo emitido
+por la bolsa contra el certificado de depoÌ?sito de productos agriÌ?colas -que
+deberaÌ?n tener caracteriÌ?sticas de commodities- y que puede ser transado en
+la misma.
+
+
+ En efecto, precisoÌ? que quien ordene el almacenaje recibiraÌ? un
+certificado de depoÌ?sito que indicaraÌ? que un cierto nuÌ?mero de productos de
+una calidad especiÌ?fica ha sido guardado en el respectivo almaceÌ?n. Contra
+el traspaso de este certificado a la bolsa, agregoÌ?, eÌ?sta emitiraÌ? un tiÌ?tulo
+representativo de los productos almacenados que podraÌ? ser transado en la
+misma.
+
+
+ ExpresoÌ? que el objetivo baÌ?sico de este instrumento es la obtencioÌ?n de
+financiamiento para la guarda de productos que, por sus caracteriÌ?sticas de
+produccioÌ?n y venta, tienen un patroÌ?n de consumo distinto al de su
+produccioÌ?n, baÌ?sicamente por tratarse de productos estacionales o por el
+hecho de que se espera obtener de ellos un mejor precio en el futuro.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, en la actualidad, la guarda debe ser financiada por el
+propio capital del interesado o mediante creÌ?ditos de tasas elevadas. Por
+lo tanto, la ventaja en teÌ?rminos financieros y de beneficio social del
+sistema radica en que la emisioÌ?n de un tiÌ?tulo, respaldado por una
+institucioÌ?n regulada como la bolsa, otorga seguridad y permite su
+adquisicioÌ?n por un inversionista financiero.
+
+
+ ContinuoÌ? senÌ?alando que la transaccioÌ?n tiÌ?pica en el marco descrito
+seraÌ? el pacto de retrocompra, mediante el cual quien almacenoÌ? el producto
+vende en bolsa el tiÌ?tulo representativo del mismo a un inversionista, con
+el pacto de volver a comprarlo en un futuro a un precio determinado. De
+esta manera, el inversionista realiza una inversioÌ?n financiera, a una tasa
+impliÌ?cita en la diferencia de precio en el periÌ?odo y el vendedor del tiÌ?tulo
+obtiene financiamiento a esa misma tasa por el teÌ?rmino de la guarda, con un
+claro beneficio para ambas partes.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el senÌ?or Crispi expresoÌ? que, en lo relativo al
+tratamiento tributario de estas operaciones, se optoÌ? por un sistema en el
+cual se entiende que la tradicioÌ?n que da lugar al pago de IVA se produce en
+el momento en que se transa el tiÌ?tulo en bolsa por uÌ?ltima vez antes de
+cambiarlo por el certificado que lo respalda y que permite a su titular el
+retiro del producto del almaceÌ?n que lo guarnece.
+
+
+
+
+ Ante una consulta formulada por el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola,
+con relacioÌ?n al valor sobre el cual se aplica el IVA, el representante del
+Ejecutivo precisoÌ? que se aplica sobre el precio que el uÌ?ltimo inversionista
+pagoÌ? por el tiÌ?tulo, reajustado conforme a la ley del IVA.
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n, participando de la inquietud formulada por el
+citado senÌ?or Senador, inquirioÌ? ademaÌ?s sobre la influencia que el precio de
+la mercanciÌ?a almacenada, representada por el tiÌ?tulo, pueda tener en la
+determinacioÌ?n del valor sobre el cual se aplica el impuesto. A tal
+respecto, los representantes del Ministerio de Hacienda y del Servicio de
+Impuestos Internos concordaron en que, en el sistema propuesto, el IVA se
+calcula sobre la base del precio pagado por el uÌ?ltimo adquirente del
+tiÌ?tulo, con independencia del valor que alcance la mercanciÌ?a representada
+por el mismo.
+
+
+ Frente a la posibilidad de vender el producto fuera de bolsa a un
+mayor precio que el alcanzado por el tiÌ?tulo en su uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n, el
+representante del Servicio de Impuestos Internos explicoÌ? que al retirarse
+el producto de la bolsa, eÌ?sta debe emitir la factura y cobrar el IVA en
+base al precio alcanzado por el tiÌ?tulo en su uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n,
+generaÌ?ndose un creÌ?dito de IVA asociado a ese monto y que podraÌ? rebajarse
+posteriormente, al vender el producto fuera de bolsa.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, si se pagara el IVA en base al primer precio obtenido por
+el tiÌ?tulo, se deberiÌ?a enfrentar el mismo problema que se presentaba con la
+primera indicacioÌ?n formulada al presente proyecto y que dice relacioÌ?n con
+que al pagarse el IVA sobre el primer precio se corre el riesgo de que eÌ?ste
+baje, transformaÌ?ndose esta rigidizacioÌ?n del impuesto en un inconveniente
+para el propietario del tiÌ?tulo. Por esta razoÌ?n -anÌ?adioÌ?- se propone un
+cambio: dejar pendiente el pago del IVA, que deberaÌ? calcularse sobre un
+valor maÌ?s real, considerando como tal aqueÌ?l al cual comproÌ? el uÌ?ltimo
+adquirente del tiÌ?tulo.
+
+
+ El representante del Servicio de Impuestos Internos, don ReneÌ? GarciÌ?a,
+concluyoÌ? su explicacioÌ?n precisando que al optar por el retiro de las
+especies de la bolsa, se vuelven a aplicar las reglas generales en materia
+tributaria.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el particular, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola
+manifestoÌ? que el sistema de bolsa agriÌ?cola representa una evidente ventaja
+al permitir al agricultor tomar la decisioÌ?n de cosechar y, tras estimar un
+margen de ganancia determinado, vender el tiÌ?tulo a un inversionista que
+puede especular a su riesgo.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n, tras debatir en torno a la base de caÌ?lculo para la
+aplicacioÌ?n del IVA, acordoÌ? dejar constancia que el IVA se calcula sobre el
+precio alcanzado por el tiÌ?tulo en su uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n en la bolsa de
+productos agriÌ?colas.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, don Ramiro Sanhueza, asesor del senÌ?or Ministro de
+Agricultura, ilustroÌ? a vuestra ComisioÌ?n sobre la experiencia que en materia
+de bolsa de productos agriÌ?colas se ha llevado a cabo en Colombia.
+
+
+ IndicoÌ? que la bolsa colombiana no opera en base a la transaccioÌ?n de
+productos fiÌ?sicos, sino que en base a instrumentos financieros, incluyendo
+entre ellos a tiÌ?tulos maÌ?s sofisticados tales como los forward, contratos
+con entrega futura que son financiados por inversionistas; tiÌ?tulos para la
+engorda de ganado y de aves, que permiten financiar el proceso y
+constituyen activos de muy corto plazo, 12 meses y 45 diÌ?as,
+respectivamente.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que se aplica un esquema anaÌ?logo al que en Chile se
+experimenta en materia de securitizacioÌ?n forestal. PrecisoÌ? que en el
+proceso intervienen operadores agriÌ?colas y pecuarios, un agente que es la
+bolsa e inversionistas, transando tiÌ?tulos de corto plazo que se venden en
+el mercado secundario, lo que significa que quienes los adquirieron por
+primera vez los han vendido a un inversionista con un margen de utilidad.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ? que la misma idea es la que constituye el teloÌ?n de fondo de la
+iniciativa que se somete a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, generando
+un mercado de transaccioÌ?n de productos financieros orientado hacia el
+acceso a financiamiento, cuya deficiencia constituye uno de los principales
+problemas del sector agriÌ?cola.
+
+
+ Frente a una consulta del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero respecto al
+reÌ?gimen tributario aplicable y a los incentivos involucrados, el
+representante del Ejecutivo expresoÌ? que, a diferencia con Chile, en
+Colombia los productos primarios no pagan IVA, ni dentro ni fuera de la
+bolsa. En relacioÌ?n con los productos elaborados, gravados con IVA, indicoÌ?
+que no se contempla un tratamiento especial, ni siquiera en lo relativo al
+sistema de administracioÌ?n de IVA, que incorpora la indicacioÌ?n y que
+suspende el pago del referido tributo hasta el momento en que se efectuÌ?e la
+uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo en el marco de la bolsa.
+
+
+ ConcluyoÌ? su intervencioÌ?n senÌ?alando que, aun cuando puedan existir
+incentivos de caraÌ?cter indirecto, el uÌ?nico que se avizora con total nitidez
+es la postergacioÌ?n del pago provisional mensual de renta hasta el momento
+de su liquidacioÌ?n anual.
+
+
+ Enseguida, el abogado experto en materias tributarias, don Lisandro
+Serrano, entregoÌ? su opinioÌ?n respecto a las normas de administracioÌ?n
+tributaria contempladas por la indicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Serrano inicioÌ? su exposicioÌ?n senÌ?alando que, desde un punto
+de vista estrictamente tributario, la indicacioÌ?n consagra, como regla
+general, la liberacioÌ?n del pago del impuesto al valor agregado respecto de
+la transaccioÌ?n de tiÌ?tulos de productos fiÌ?sicos que se realice en estas
+bolsas, aplicaÌ?ndose el IVA soÌ?lo en el momento en que se produzca la
+transferencia del fiÌ?sico representado por el tiÌ?tulo transado en bolsa.
+
+
+ En efecto, agregoÌ?, en el momento en el cual el comprador del tiÌ?tulo
+ejerce el derecho a retirar la mercaderiÌ?a depositada en el almaceÌ?n
+particular, se produce el hecho gravado con el impuesto. Entonces, la
+bolsa emite la factura, que entrega a quien retira junto con el precio en
+que se transoÌ? el tiÌ?tulo respectivo, con el IVA incluido, el que se traspasa
+al primitivo emisor del tiÌ?tulo, es decir, a quien depositoÌ? la mercaderiÌ?a en
+el almaceÌ?n.
+
+
+ ContinuoÌ? senÌ?alando que la regla general contempla una excepcioÌ?n,
+consagrada por el mismo artiÌ?culo 39, que tiene lugar cuando se deposita la
+mercaderiÌ?a en el almaceÌ?n, se emite a nombre del depositante un certificado
+y eÌ?ste es endosado a la bolsa. En este caso, agregoÌ?, estamos frente a una
+transferencia de dominio no afecta a IVA, puesto que se desea gravar la
+compra, por parte de un tercero, de los fiÌ?sicos depositados en el almaceÌ?n y
+no la que realiza la bolsa.
+
+
+ Hizo presente que la exencioÌ?n de IVA a la transferencia mediante
+endoso de un certificado de depoÌ?sito, tambieÌ?n deberiÌ?a aplicarse al endoso
+del vale de prenda, toda vez que donde existe la misma razoÌ?n debe existir
+la misma disposicioÌ?n. RecordoÌ? que, conforme a las reglas generales, la
+transferencia de derechos reales constituidos sobre bienes muebles estaÌ?
+afecta a IVA. En consecuencia, concluyoÌ? que la frase final del inciso
+primero del artiÌ?culo 39, "sin perjuicio del endoso del vale de prenda",
+deberiÌ?a entenderse en tal sentido, no obstante que seriÌ?a preferible
+precisar el alcance del precepto, ya que su redaccioÌ?n puede dar lugar a
+equiÌ?vocos.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, se refirioÌ? a los incisos tercero y cuarto del
+artiÌ?culo 39 en anaÌ?lisis. ObservoÌ? que dichas normas disponen que, al
+producirse la transferencia del dominio de los bienes, la bolsa emite una
+factura de venta para quien hace retiro del fiÌ?sico y una de compra para
+quien lo depositoÌ?, que ademaÌ?s recibe el deÌ?bito fiscal correspondiente al
+IVA retenido en la factura de venta. Se agrega, indicoÌ?, que la factura de
+compra seraÌ? por los mismos valores por los cuales se emitioÌ? la factura de
+venta.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con lo anterior, don Lisandro Serrano manifestoÌ? que, a
+su juicio, deberiÌ?a senÌ?alarse que la factura de compra debe ser por un monto
+equivalente al IVA y no al valor por el cual se emitioÌ? la factura de venta.
+ FundoÌ? su parecer en que quien entregoÌ? la boleta de depoÌ?sito para ingresar
+a la bolsa, recibioÌ? a cambio un intangible, un tiÌ?tulo, que seraÌ? objeto de
+venta posterior. En consecuencia -concluyoÌ?- no corresponderiÌ?a emitir la
+factura de compra por el mismo valor de la transaccioÌ?n, sino que por el
+monto del IVA que constituye el deÌ?bito fiscal de quien recibe este
+documento, contra el cual puede hacer valer sus creÌ?ditos.
+
+
+ En el seno de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero
+hizo presente que las normas de administracioÌ?n tributaria en comento
+conducen a que el productor que entra a la bolsa, en la praÌ?ctica, tome la
+decisioÌ?n de no compensar el IVA que pagoÌ? por los insumos hasta que no se
+produzca la transferencia final, lo que se traduce en un desincentivo.
+
+
+ En el mismo sentido, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Lavandero coincidioÌ?
+en que el sistema no beneficia al productor, en especial, por cuanto el
+certificado de depoÌ?sito se troca por un tiÌ?tulo que constituye un
+instrumento financiero, que puede ser endosado varias veces, por un tiempo
+variable que el productor deberaÌ? esperar para compensar su creÌ?dito fiscal.
+
+
+ Lo anterior -reflexionoÌ?- tambieÌ?n debe analizarse considerando que el
+72% de los ingresos fiscales provienen de impuestos indirectos, entre los
+cuales se encuentra el IVA, lo que obliga a proteger y reglamentar
+cuidadosamente sus diversos aspectos.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el punto, el representante del Ministerio de
+Hacienda, don Jaime Crispi, reiteroÌ? que el problema de que el tiÌ?tulo se
+mantenga dentro de la bolsa por maÌ?s tiempo que el previsto, se enfrenta
+mediante la venta del tiÌ?tulo con pacto de retrocompra, por un plazo
+estipulado, al cabo del cual quien vendioÌ? el tiÌ?tulo lo vuelve a comprar a
+un precio mayor. SenÌ?aloÌ? que, de esta forma, se obtiene financiamiento a una
+tasa ideÌ?ntica al diferencial de precio, sabiendo, al vender el tiÌ?tulo, que
+el retiro de los fiÌ?sicos se produciraÌ? al momento de recomprarlo.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, para evaluar el sistema, se deben distinguir dos mercados
+distintos: un mercado spot, en el cual se venden productos mediante la
+venta de certificados de depoÌ?sitos, en cuyo caso, tributariamente, no hay
+diferencia con la venta de los productos en la feria, compensaÌ?ndose de
+inmediato el IVA por los insumos; y un segundo tipo de mercado, configurado
+por las transacciones de tiÌ?tulos de certificados de depoÌ?sitos en bolsa, que
+tiene una loÌ?gica asociada a la obtencioÌ?n de financiamiento para la guarda
+de productos.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero reiteroÌ? que el tema
+de fondo radica en que diferir la devolucioÌ?n del deÌ?bito fiscal -que
+compensaraÌ? con el creÌ?dito fiscal derivado del pago de IVA por los insumos-
+al productor que ingresoÌ? el certificado de depoÌ?sito a la bolsa, hasta el
+momento de la uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo, implica establecer para los
+productores una barrera de entrada a la bolsa que seraÌ?, a menudo,
+infranqueable.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la solucioÌ?n podriÌ?a avizorarse en la definicioÌ?n de
+incentivos como la posibilidad de que el productor, al ingresar a la bolsa,
+reciba el deÌ?bito fiscal que le permita la inmediata compensacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Sobre este punto, el representante del SII, don ReneÌ? GarciÌ?a, hizo
+presente que la norma en anaÌ?lisis no es propiamente tributaria, sino que se
+trata de una disposicioÌ?n que pretende dar facilidades de financiamiento a
+determinadas actividades, y por ello es que se difiere el pago del gravamen
+al ingresar a la bolsa -cuando se produce una transferencia de dominio de
+bienes corporales muebles- y se exime del pago de IVA a las distintas
+transacciones del instrumento financiero, constituido por el tiÌ?tulo, hasta
+que se efectuÌ?e la uÌ?ltima de ellas en bolsa.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, indicoÌ?, la administracioÌ?n tributaria que se propone
+ya incorpora un trato distinto y preferencial respecto de los
+contribuyentes que no participan en la bolsa, quienes al transferir el
+dominio de un certificado de depoÌ?sito deben pagar el IVA correspondiente en
+forma inmediata. Por lo tanto, agregoÌ?, quien opta por entrar a la bolsa
+evaluaraÌ? si dicha opcioÌ?n le conviene financieramente maÌ?s que vender sus
+productos o el certificado de depoÌ?sito de los mismos; lo que no ofrece
+mayores diferencias y le significa operar la compensacioÌ?n del IVA por los
+insumos. FinalizoÌ? senÌ?alando que el productor recupera sus creÌ?ditos
+fiscales cuando vende y, en la medida en que no venda, por ejemplo porque
+opte por esperar un mejor precio, deberaÌ? asumir el costo asociado a esa
+decisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Frente a consultas efectuadas por los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores
+Lavandero y Romero respecto a la razoÌ?n que obsta a la devolucioÌ?n del deÌ?bito
+fiscal al momento en que se vende, es decir, que se ingresa a la bolsa, el
+representante del Ministerio de Hacienda, don Jaime Crispi, hizo presente
+que eÌ?sta radica en que tampoco se estaÌ? cobrando el IVA en ese momento.
+AgregoÌ? que la comparacioÌ?n que permite comprender el beneficio impliÌ?cito en
+el sistema, es entre quien participa en la bolsa y quien guarda en bodega
+sus productos por un tiempo determinado, ya que en ambos casos no se
+recuperan los creÌ?ditos de IVA.
+
+
+ Enseguida intervino, como representante del sector privado, don CeÌ?sar
+Barros, quien hizo presente que el proyecto inicial -que pagaba IVA al
+productor al entrar a la bolsa- le pareciÌ?a oÌ?ptimo y recordoÌ? que fue
+imposible concretarlo debido a las objeciones formuladas por el SII.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, no obstante lo anterior, el sistema propuesto por la
+indicacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo constituye una solucioÌ?n ingeniosa, que favorece
+fundamentalmente a los corredores de productos agriÌ?colas, dificultando la
+participacioÌ?n de los productores debido a que la no devolucioÌ?n del IVA
+hasta la uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n constitutiva de enajenacioÌ?n en bolsa, les
+significa diferir hasta entonces la compensacioÌ?n del IVA pagado por los
+insumos.
+
+
+ ContinuoÌ? expresando que si bien lo ideal seriÌ?a la devolucioÌ?n del IVA
+al productor al momento de ingresar con sus productos a la bolsa, surge
+como alternativa la posibilidad de disenÌ?ar un sistema de creÌ?dito destinado
+a financiar ese IVA de una forma conveniente. De lo contrario, anÌ?adioÌ?, lo
+maÌ?s usual seraÌ? que el productor deba vender sus productos a un corredor,
+quien participaraÌ? de la bolsa y sus beneficios, lo que significa incorporar
+una etapa adicional en la cadena de comercializacioÌ?n de los productos.
+
+
+ IndicoÌ? que, sin perjuicio de considerar que el sistema es
+perfectible, el proyecto modificado por la indicacioÌ?n deberiÌ?a ser aprobado
+porque, aun en los teÌ?rminos en que ha sido definida, la implementacioÌ?n de
+un sistema de bolsa de productos agropecuarios es necesaria y constituye un
+claro avance respecto de la situacioÌ?n actual.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, don Francisco Cerda, en representacioÌ?n de la
+AsociacioÌ?n de Almacenistas, hizo presente que pese a preferir el proyecto
+original -desestimado por sus implicancias tributarias-, la indicacioÌ?n del
+Ejecutivo representa un avance, siendo necesario disenÌ?ar foÌ?rmulas para
+apoyar su concrecioÌ?n y, en definitiva, el eÌ?xito del sistema de bolsas de
+productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ? que la bolsa constituye un elemento estabilizador y
+distribuidor de riesgo que permite a los inversionistas financieros operar
+con tranquilidad, lo cual, unido a que podraÌ?n colocar sus recursos maÌ?s
+baratos que en el promedio del mercado financiero, deberiÌ?a impulsarlos a
+participar, garantizaÌ?ndose el logro de los objetivos trazados. AgregoÌ? que,
+desde la perspectiva descrita, el financiamiento del IVA como problema se
+diluye.
+
+
+ IndicoÌ? que la principal dificultad radica en la forma de lograr la
+"masa criÌ?tica" necesaria para dar inicio al sistema, para lo cual hizo
+presente que se precisa un incentivo que permita a la bolsa comenzar con
+sus operaciones.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el proyecto original, recalcoÌ? que su costo financiero
+para el sector puÌ?blico, consecuencia de adelantarse el deÌ?bito fiscal, era
+menor en comparacioÌ?n con el beneficio social representado por la bolsa.
+
+
+ Enseguida, los representantes del sector privado se refirieron a las
+ventajas que supone un sistema de bolsa de productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ En efecto, don CeÌ?sar Barros expresoÌ? que permite al agricultor, que
+requiere financiar su capital de trabajo, solucionar el problema que
+enfrenta -una vez agotada la garantiÌ?a hipotecaria sobre la tierra- para
+garantizar ante las instituciones financieras los creÌ?ditos que contrate con
+eÌ?stas. AgregoÌ? que, en el caso del pequenÌ?o agricultor, si por medio de
+sistemas tales como FOGAPE, pueden garantizarse los pactos de recompra, es
+posible avanzar en la direccioÌ?n adecuada.
+
+
+ ConcluyoÌ? senÌ?alando que si bien el sistema de bolsa no soluciona el
+problema de comercializacioÌ?n o financiamiento de todos los agricultores,
+siÌ? contribuye a reforzar los subsidios y a focalizarlos en forma maÌ?s
+eficiente.
+
+
+ Por su parte, don Francisco Cerda senÌ?aloÌ? que los beneficios del
+sistema de bolsa van maÌ?s allaÌ? de soÌ?lo constituir una opcioÌ?n de
+financiamiento de la guarda de un stock durante un periÌ?odo de tiempo, que
+surge para aquellos agricultores que quieren aprovechar las fluctuaciones
+de precios.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la instauracioÌ?n de la bolsa tambieÌ?n se vincula con el
+desarrollo de una mecaÌ?nica de comercializacioÌ?n que elimina incertidumbre
+para el agricultor, lo que constituye un beneficio inconmensurable, que
+permite la generacioÌ?n de precios estables y conocidos al momento de la
+siembra, y la eliminacioÌ?n de riesgos como consecuencia.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con la devolucioÌ?n anticipada de IVA, el representante del
+Ministerio de Hacienda hizo presente que esta posibilidad fue analizada,
+concluyeÌ?ndose que el costo asociado a esa alternativa no es excesivamente
+alto, en las condiciones en que fue evaluado, es decir, bajo el supuesto de
+que en la bolsa soÌ?lo se transaban tres o cuatro productos estacionales, de
+consumo domeÌ?stico y muy definidos. Sin embargo, agregoÌ?, lo anterior fue
+desechado, ampliaÌ?ndose el nuÌ?mero de productos susceptibles de ser transados
+en bolsa, lo que conduce a que el costo asociado sea gigantesco,
+independientemente de problemas de fondo tales como: que no existen
+antecedentes en nuestro sistema tributario de creÌ?ditos que se devuelvan sin
+haberse generado los deÌ?bitos.
+
+
+ Los representantes del sector privado coincidieron con el
+planteamiento efectuado por el Ejecutivo en cuanto a que la devolucioÌ?n
+anticipada del IVA requiere, como contrapartida, la limitacioÌ?n del universo
+de productos transables, lo que sumado al poco volumen de transacciones
+hace inviable el sistema por falta de profundidad del mercado. La
+solucioÌ?n, a su juicio, se encontrariÌ?a en definir un sistema crediticio con
+una tasa inferior a la del mercado, generaÌ?ndose, de esta forma, un cauce
+para una mayor gama de productos e, idealmente, sin restricciones respecto
+de la naturaleza de los mismos, de forma de garantizar una "masa criÌ?tica"
+inicial que asegure su eÌ?xito futuro como negocio.
+
+
+ Agregaron que en una economiÌ?a inestable como la nacional, contar con
+sistemas de precios estables que puedan predecir futuros, constituye un
+avance extraordinario para que los empresarios, en el aÌ?rea microeconoÌ?mica
+de cada uno de los rubros, puedan desarrollar su sector.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con lo anterior, el Ejecutivo planteoÌ? que la discusioÌ?n en
+torno a la posibilidad de devolver el creÌ?dito de IVA a las transacciones de
+ciertos productos, tuvo como objetivo el incentivar el uso de la bolsa como
+instrumento de transacciones, entendido no como la forma de apoyar a los
+productores, sino que a la bolsa como negocio privado.
+
+
+ Por lo tanto, agregoÌ?, en el esquema que ahora se discute, con un
+sistema tributario menos generoso, debe evaluarse la cuantiÌ?a del apoyo
+inicial y la forma de concretarlo, para que el sector privado pueda
+desarrollar este negocio de manera rentable. No es aconsejable, por lo
+tanto, seguir confundiendo el incentivo con el sistema de administracioÌ?n
+tributaria, que ha sido ampliamente estudiado y respecto del cual asisten
+razones de fondo que obstaculizan su modificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Ejecutivo expuso ante vuestra ComisioÌ?n el acuerdo
+alcanzado en este proyecto con el sector privado respecto a la aplicacioÌ?n,
+por analogiÌ?a, de la situacioÌ?n que plantea el artiÌ?culo 163 de la Ley de
+Mercado de Valores, que se refiere a la liquidacioÌ?n de garantiÌ?as que se
+entregan a la bolsa para efectuar operaciones a plazo y operaciones de
+derivados.
+
+
+ Al efecto, el representante de la Superintendencia de Valores y
+Seguros, don Gonzalo Novoa, explicoÌ? que la ley otorga a las bolsas de
+valores una facultad especialiÌ?sima de ejecucioÌ?n de dichas garantiÌ?as, que se
+haraÌ? aplicable tambieÌ?n a las bolsas de productos. En consecuencia, senÌ?aloÌ?,
+se modificaraÌ? el artiÌ?culo 27 de la ley Nº19.220, agregando un nuevo inciso
+tercero con el objeto de que las bolsas agriÌ?colas puedan ejecutar en forma
+expedita las garantiÌ?as en caso de incumplimiento de los maÌ?rgenes.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el debate se centroÌ? en el anaÌ?lisis de la proposicioÌ?n
+relacionada con la ampliacioÌ?n del giro de la bolsa agriÌ?cola.
+
+
+ Ante una consulta formulada por el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero,
+respecto del nuÌ?mero de productos que se transan en las bolsas agriÌ?colas que
+funcionan en paiÌ?ses de realidades semejantes a la nuestra, tales como
+Colombia o Argentina, el Ejecutivo manifestoÌ? que dichas bolsas no estaÌ?n
+acotadas a un grupo especiÌ?fico de productos, sino que se transan insumos y
+servicios en forma geneÌ?rica.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, don Francisco Cerda, representante del sector
+privado, hizo presente que la existencia de economiÌ?as de escala resulta muy
+importante, no existiendo certeza de que una bolsa limitada exclusivamente
+a productos agriÌ?colas pueda proveer el caudal suficiente de negocios para
+generarlas. Por ello, agregoÌ?, la ampliacioÌ?n del giro maÌ?s allaÌ? del aÌ?mbito
+agriÌ?cola, resulta necesaria para viabilizar el negocio y, con esta oÌ?ptica,
+propone que el giro se extienda a mercaderiÌ?as y servicios contratados sobre
+ellas en forma amplia, generando, ademaÌ?s, la flexibilidad necesaria para
+acotar el sistema de acuerdo a normas e intereses de la propia bolsa,
+mediante la autoregulacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con este aspecto, la senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda,
+donÌ?a MariÌ?a Eugenia Wagner, senÌ?aloÌ? que el Gobierno en principio no rechaza
+una posible ampliacioÌ?n, sin perjuicio de la necesidad de revisar el
+sistema. En todo caso, concluyoÌ?, podriÌ?a desnaturalizarse la bolsa agriÌ?cola
+y transformarse en una bolsa de commodities.
+
+
+ Los representantes del sector privado senÌ?alaron que su propuesta
+importa la extensioÌ?n del giro de la bolsa a productos agriÌ?colas,
+forestales, del mar, servicios de transporte, insumos para abastecer a la
+agricultura, entre otros; sin perjuicio de la posibilidad de abarcar otros
+productos mediante autorizacioÌ?n reglamentaria y evitar legislar nuevamente
+sobre el particular. En esta segunda etapa, anÌ?adieron, se ha pensado en
+concentrados de algunos metales, residuos tales como NO2, SOX, o
+electricidad.
+
+
+ Don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez, representante de la FundacioÌ?n Jaime
+GuzmaÌ?n, se mostroÌ? partidario de dicha ampliacioÌ?n mediante una definicioÌ?n
+general de los productos transables en bolsa. Propuso que, con el fin de
+compatibilizar el ingreso de nuevos productos con el resguardo del intereÌ?s
+fiscal, se requiera de una autorizacioÌ?n de la Superintendencia, previo
+informe del Servicio de Impuestos Internos.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno manifestoÌ? su
+preocupacioÌ?n frente a una eventual desnaturalizacioÌ?n de la bolsa agriÌ?cola,
+como consecuencia de la ampliacioÌ?n de su rubro de transacciones. IndicoÌ?
+que existe expectacioÌ?n en el sector frente a lo que se ha anunciado como
+una bolsa de productos agriÌ?colas y agregoÌ? que, de acuerdo a experiencias
+extranjeras, su operacioÌ?n es muy especiÌ?fica, con una dinaÌ?mica y
+caracteriÌ?sticas propias, susceptible de constituir una senÌ?al para quienes
+participan en inversiones dentro del rubro.
+
+
+ En la misma liÌ?nea, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero se manifestoÌ?
+partidario de ampliar sus teÌ?rminos sin modificar el concepto inicial; sin
+perjuicio de que si en el futuro las circunstancias lo aconsejan, su
+ampliacioÌ?n se lleve a cabo.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con la materia, don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez relatoÌ? a
+vuestra ComisioÌ?n el caso de la bolsa de valores, tradicionalmente orientada
+a los tiÌ?tulos accionarios, la que, con el tiempo, para soportar sus costos
+y aumentar su profundidad, se abrioÌ? a transacciones de tiÌ?tulos financieros,
+las que han sido crecientes, hasta alcanzar el 75% del total de sus
+transacciones. AgregoÌ? que la Superintendencia ha jugado un rol fundamental
+evitando la desnaturalizacioÌ?n de la bolsa de valores y sugirioÌ? que cumpla
+un papel anaÌ?logo en el caso de la bolsa agriÌ?cola, debiendo consagrarse
+legalmente un criterio que autorice la incorporacioÌ?n de nuevos productos en
+la medida en que su inclusioÌ?n no signifique la desnaturalizacioÌ?n del
+sentido propio de la bolsa.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda junto con manifestar su
+concordancia con lo antes expuesto, senÌ?aloÌ? que la incorporacioÌ?n de nuevos
+productos no constituye ni una limitacioÌ?n, ni un impedimento para la
+transaccioÌ?n de productos agriÌ?colas. AdvirtioÌ?, no obstante, que a la
+inversa el riesgo es real, ya que si se acota demasiado el volumen puede
+resultar insuficiente para que el mercado funcione; por tanto el dotar al
+sistema de flexibilidad para aumentar el nuÌ?mero de productos susceptibles
+de ser transados en la bolsa, parece ser el mecanismo maÌ?s adecuado.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, el Ejecutivo hizo presente que si se
+opta por una bolsa netamente agriÌ?cola se puede considerar como antecedente
+un estudio destinado a medir su viabilidad econoÌ?mica, que fue elaborado
+soÌ?lo en base a dos productos: trigo y maiÌ?z, y que arroja un resultado
+plenamente positivo y que mejora en sus perspectivas al tener en cuenta que
+la indicacioÌ?n ha incorporado maÌ?s productos, que contribuiraÌ?n a garantizar
+un volumen de transacciones que haga rentable el negocio.
+
+
+ Finalmente, senÌ?aloÌ? que la incorporacioÌ?n de nuevos productos es
+posible debido a que el disenÌ?o no incluye regiÌ?menes tributarios de
+excepcioÌ?n y se limita a establecer un sistema de administracioÌ?n tributaria
+especial en virtud del cual no dejan de pagarse los impuestos
+correspondientes.
+
+
+ Enseguida, don CeÌ?sar Barros hizo presente que el IVA, asociado a un
+producto especiÌ?fico y no fungible, constituye una amenaza al buen
+funcionamiento del sistema, siendo necesario precisar en el texto legal que
+los productos que ingresan se transan y retiran como commodities.
+
+
+ Por su parte, don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez manifestoÌ? que para poder
+realizar operaciones con pacto de retrocompra u operaciones a plazo, debe
+existir un mercado a precio contado, un mercado spot, es decir de
+compraventa diaria de tiÌ?tulos, que permita fijar precios y determine la
+evolucioÌ?n del precio alternativo y de las garantiÌ?as, posibilitando al
+inversionista institucional saber si gana o pierde, de modo de ajustarse si
+resulta necesario, cumpliendo entonces el mercado un rol atenuador.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que se requiere corregir la mecaÌ?nica del proyecto de forma que
+quien ingrese sus productos a la bolsa enfrente una bolsa homogeÌ?nea, en la
+cual un tiÌ?tulo vale lo mismo para todos quienes participan, sin que su
+valor se modifique en atencioÌ?n a factores tales como la existencia de un
+IVA por recuperar, que implique que, al acercarse la fecha mensual de
+liquidacioÌ?n del impuesto, el interesado se vea obligado a vender,
+producieÌ?ndose como consecuencia una baja del precio. SubrayoÌ? que la idea
+es que para los inversionistas sea indiferente si quien vende es o no
+agricultor.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, vuestra ComisioÌ?n retomoÌ? el debate en torno al sistema
+de administracioÌ?n tributaria propuesto por la indicacioÌ?n de S.E. el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con la materia, el senÌ?or Ministro de Agricultura
+manifestoÌ? que, desde el punto de vista del productor, la recuperacioÌ?n del
+IVA no depende de eÌ?l sino del propietario del tiÌ?tulo que puede comportarse
+de forma variable, con un rango que cubre desde la especulacioÌ?n a largo
+plazo hasta su inmediata liquidacioÌ?n, lo que tambieÌ?n constituye un
+obstaÌ?culo para la homogeneidad.
+
+
+ En atencioÌ?n a la apreciacioÌ?n anterior, el representante del
+Ministerio de Hacienda, don Jaime Crispi, precisoÌ? que la venta del tiÌ?tulo
+con pacto de retrocompra constituye la solucioÌ?n al problema planteado por
+el senÌ?or Ministro.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con la propuesta de efectuar la devolucioÌ?n del creÌ?dito de
+IVA al productor al ingresar a la bolsa, el senÌ?or Crispi hizo presente que
+eÌ?sta no constituye una solucioÌ?n ya que produce un problema fiscal al
+pretender efectuar una devolucioÌ?n sin que se haya pagado el deÌ?bito
+correspondiente, en especial considerando la ampliacioÌ?n de los productos
+susceptibles de ser transados en bolsa. AgregoÌ? que la disociacioÌ?n del pago
+de los creÌ?ditos y los deÌ?bitos rompe la cadena del IVA y puede conducir a
+que, en el futuro, otros contribuyentes que guardan productos, como por
+ejemplo grandes supermercados que almacenan sus stocks, soliciten el mismo
+trato y requieran el recupero de sus creÌ?ditos pese a no efectuarse auÌ?n la
+venta correspondiente.
+
+
+ Don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez coincidioÌ? con el planteamiento, senÌ?alando
+que la devolucioÌ?n de IVA supone un ingente costo fiscal, ademaÌ?s de
+constituir un incentivo perverso, ya que los contribuyentes tenderiÌ?an a
+usar la bolsa para que el Fisco financie la guarda de sus productos.
+AgregoÌ? que existe una alternativa intermedia, que consiste en que
+transcurridos sesenta diÌ?as sin haber recuperado el IVA, en el caso del
+activo fijo, se solicite la devolucioÌ?n al SII, que efectuaraÌ? el reintegro
+al producirse la venta, generaÌ?ndose un costo financiero inicial para el
+Fisco que tenderiÌ?a a desaparecer en el largo plazo.
+
+
+ ConcluyoÌ? senÌ?alando que el sistema que propone implica una ventaja
+adicional, representada por la generacioÌ?n de un mercado transparente, toda
+vez que se produce una formalizacioÌ?n de las transacciones que contribuye a
+evitar la evasioÌ?n y aumentar la recaudacioÌ?n fiscal.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda reiteroÌ? que el presente proyecto
+ha sido presentado con el objetivo de crear una alternativa de
+financiamiento para los productores; sin embargo, senÌ?aloÌ? que el Gobierno
+no estaÌ? dispuesto a implementar ninguna iniciativa que implique un costo
+fiscal o un riesgo de futura evasioÌ?n tributaria.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la alternativa propuesta por el senÌ?or GonzaÌ?lez no contariÌ?a
+con el respaldo del Ejecutivo, ya que, ademaÌ?s del costo fiscal impliÌ?cito,
+generariÌ?a espacio para una eventual evasioÌ?n tributaria. ConcluyoÌ? senÌ?alando
+que el costo fiscal tenderiÌ?a a ser creciente, al transformar a la bolsa en
+una forma de financiar el IVA durante la guarda de un producto en bodega.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or LarraiÌ?n manifestoÌ? su preocupacioÌ?n ante la
+opcioÌ?n que el productor no pueda compensar sus creÌ?ditos de IVA por insumos
+sino hasta que se produzca la uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo representativo
+de los productos en el marco de la bolsa.
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo reiteroÌ? que el proyecto pretende constituir un
+instrumento que permita a los productores financiar el almacenamiento de
+sus productos, sin recuperar ninguÌ?n creÌ?dito de IVA, como tampoco lo
+recupera quien difiere la venta de sus productos hasta el momento en que
+opta por ella. RecalcoÌ?, asimismo, que al comparar la situacioÌ?n con la del
+agricultor que hoy guarda su produccioÌ?n para venderla en un momento futuro,
+es posible apreciar que se produce un efecto neutro, ya que, actualmente,
+tampoco puede recuperar el creÌ?dito de IVA por los insumos hasta que decida
+vender.
+
+
+ Don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez puntualizoÌ? que si bien los peligros
+advertidos por la senÌ?ora Subsecretaria son reales, eÌ?stos se alejan frente a
+la bolsa como institucioÌ?n formal, ya que, trataÌ?ndose de productos guardados
+en bodega, la posibilidad de que se abuse del reÌ?gimen de IVA es nula, toda
+vez que el costo de guarda protege el sistema y marca una tendencia a
+transar la mayor parte de los productos, guardando soÌ?lo un miÌ?nimo de ellos.
+
+
+ Como ejemplo de su aseveracioÌ?n citoÌ? a la Bolsa de Chicago -la maÌ?s
+grande en su especie-, y senÌ?aloÌ? que en ella el porcentaje del producto
+fiÌ?sico, respecto del total de transacciones, no supera el 3 oÌ? 4%, ya que la
+bolsa tiene que financiar la guarda de ese producto y se trata de un
+negocio financiero y no de almacenaje.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno hizo presente que
+el Gobierno deberaÌ? decidir el alcance de este instrumento, con respecto al
+fomento y apoyo a los productores.
+
+
+ AnÌ?adioÌ? que se trata de definiciones semejantes a aquellas vinculadas
+con el tema del fomento al pequenÌ?o y mediano empresario, quien entrega su
+producto acompanÌ?ado de la correspondiente factura, debiendo pagar el IVA al
+mes siguiente independientemente de haber recibido el precio o no.
+
+
+ ConcluyoÌ? senÌ?alando que resulta fundamental determinar que si se desea
+generar mecanismos de financiamiento a los productores chilenos -iniciativa
+en la que comprometioÌ? su apoyo-, debe disenÌ?arse un sistema que no ponga a
+cargo de eÌ?stos el financiamiento del IVA de los insumos utilizados en la
+produccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda hizo presente que todos los
+problemas de la agricultura no pueden solucionarse mediante un uÌ?nico
+mecanismo como el que se pretende instaurar con el proyecto en informe, que
+persigue aumentar el acceso a financiamiento a menor costo para quien
+guarda productos agriÌ?colas.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que los pequenÌ?os productores, que hoy tampoco pueden guardar
+sus productos porque no tienen financiamiento para hacerlo, no pueden
+participar en la bolsa y tienen que vender su produccioÌ?n. ReiteroÌ? que con
+este sistema se permite, a quien actualmente tiene la posibilidad de
+guardar sus productos, financiar de forma menos onerosa esta guarda, sin
+perjuicio de que el menor precio del creÌ?dito aumente el nuÌ?mero de
+agricultores que se encuentran en condiciones de postergar la venta de sus
+productos en pos de una ganancia mayor.
+
+
+ ContinuoÌ? senÌ?alando que existen otros instrumentos para el productor
+que requiere de apoyo financiero, tales como creÌ?ditos de INDAP o del Banco
+Estado, que ayudan a financiar el costo alternativo del IVA. Sin embargo,
+anÌ?adioÌ?, si se desea apoyar a los productores de menores recursos, es
+preferible hacerlo en forma directa y no recurrir a un incentivo tributario
+generalizado que podriÌ?a derivar en una evasioÌ?n tributaria.
+
+
+ Tras sostener un prolongado debate en torno a la materia, vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n fue informada por la senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda, donÌ?a MariÌ?a
+Eugenia Wagner, que el Ejecutivo, recogiendo los planteamientos efectuados
+en el curso de la discusioÌ?n general del proyecto, adoptoÌ? la decisioÌ?n de
+incorporar un sistema alternativo que permita la recuperacioÌ?n inmediata del
+IVA por parte de quien ingresa a la bolsa, sin generar una fuente de
+evasioÌ?n tributaria ni comprometer al erario fiscal.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Subsecretaria precisoÌ? que el sistema que se propone
+permite, a quien ingresa a la bolsa, la obtencioÌ?n de un deÌ?bito de IVA,
+pagado por la bolsa, la que, a su vez, obtiene un creÌ?dito fiscal por el
+valor del IVA, que podraÌ? compensar al retirar productos -no necesariamente
+los mismos que dieron lugar al citado creÌ?dito- y pagar el IVA
+correspondiente a esa transaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la bolsa contaraÌ? con cuentas uÌ?nicas de creÌ?ditos y deÌ?bitos
+de IVA y, en la medida que ingresen productos a la bolsa y se opte por
+utilizar este sistema alternativo de administracioÌ?n tributaria, deberaÌ?
+pagar el IVA y adquirir los creÌ?ditos correspondientes, los que podraÌ?
+compensar al salir productos del sistema y pagarse el IVA sobre los mismos,
+que seraÌ? retenido por la bolsa, generaÌ?ndose el deÌ?bito respectivo.
+
+
+ Hizo presente que la opcioÌ?n entre ambos sistemas queda entregada a la
+bolsa, la que podraÌ? operar en forma simultaÌ?nea con ambos. En la praÌ?ctica,
+puntualizoÌ?, el sistema alternativo supondraÌ? contar con un mayor capital de
+trabajo, necesario para pagar el IVA a quien ingresa a la bolsa, costo que
+seraÌ? trasladado a las comisiones que cobre a quienes operen en el sistema.
+
+
+ Don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez manifestoÌ? su criÌ?tica frente a la foÌ?rmula
+alternativa propuesta, senÌ?alando que al disenÌ?ar una foÌ?rmula de esta
+naturaleza deben cautelarse los principios de neutralidad e integridad del
+marco tributario. AgregoÌ? que el primero de los citados principios implica
+que todos quienes concurran a participar a la bolsa, tengan la misma
+posicioÌ?n frente a los precios y a la posibilidad de transar en bolsa o
+fuera de ella. DestacoÌ? que la foÌ?rmula propuesta no es neutral, ya que
+encarece las transacciones en bolsa, respecto de aquellas fuera de ella,
+porque existe un costo financiero que asume la bolsa y que traspasa a los
+corredores y a las comisiones.
+
+
+ AnÌ?adioÌ? que, desde la perspectiva de la integridad del sistema
+tributario, el costo financiero deberiÌ?a ser de cargo fiscal, ya que
+representa el costo de la administracioÌ?n del sistema tributario, en el cual
+la naturaleza del IVA hace imposible el funcionamiento de este tipo de
+mercados.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda rebatioÌ? la criÌ?tica anterior
+senÌ?alando que el costo financiero en bolsa para alguien que opere en ella
+no va a ser distinto de aquel que soporte quien opte por guardar sus
+productos en una bodega, ya que no podraÌ? recuperar sus creÌ?ditos sino hasta
+el momento en que decida proceder a su venta.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que si el agricultor decide no guardar su producto en bodega
+sino ingresarlo a la bolsa, habraÌ? un costo financiero pagado por la bolsa,
+que seraÌ? transmitido a comisiones.
+
+
+ Por su parte, don CeÌ?sar Barros recordoÌ? que al iniciar el estudio del
+presente proyecto de ley, el sector privado sostuvo como alternativa una
+foÌ?rmula ideÌ?ntica a la propuesta, que le parece interesante. Sin embargo,
+agregoÌ?, para que el sistema funcione se requiere de la implementacioÌ?n de
+alguÌ?n mecanismo que permita a la bolsa enfrentar la hipoÌ?tesis de haber
+pagado un IVA mayor que el retenido como deÌ?bito, para compensar el primero,
+como consecuencia de una baja en el precio del producto.
+
+
+ AnÌ?adioÌ? que si se encuentra el mecanismo adecuado mediante alguÌ?n tipo
+de garantiÌ?a estatal para evitar el inconveniente descrito, y se genera el
+acceso a un financiamiento barato, conveniente y simple, se estariÌ?a ante la
+puesta en marcha del sistema de bolsas de productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el representante del Ministerio de Hacienda, don
+Jaime Crispi, explicoÌ? el sistema alternativo que el Ejecutivo ha decidido
+incorporar con su indicacioÌ?n con el propoÌ?sito de subsanar los
+inconvenientes respecto del sistema de administracioÌ?n tributaria.
+
+
+ ExpresoÌ? que en este sistema alternativo la bolsa emite una factura,
+en el momento en que el producto entra al sistema, permitiendo al productor
+recuperar sus creÌ?ditos de IVA en forma inmediata. AgregoÌ? que la bolsa se
+hace cargo del pago del IVA y obtiene un creÌ?dito que recupera en el momento
+en que el certificado de depoÌ?sito, que generoÌ? esa factura salga de la
+bolsa.
+
+
+ Considerando el planteamiento previo efectuado por los representantes
+del sector privado, en cuanto al descalce de IVA que se produce por la baja
+de precio del producto y que perjudica a la bolsa, el senÌ?or Crispi destacoÌ?
+que se introduce un seguro a favor de la bolsa que cubre dicha variacioÌ?n de
+precios, en el sentido que si el precio del producto hubiera bajado durante
+el transcurso de la emisioÌ?n de la primera factura a la segunda, la bolsa
+tendraÌ? derecho a pedir la devolucioÌ?n de esa diferencia.
+
+
+ PrecisoÌ? que la bolsa puede pedir la devolucioÌ?n de los diferenciales
+de IVA en caso que el certificado de depoÌ?sito correspondiente hubiera
+salido a un precio menor al que entroÌ? a la bolsa y, por tanto, el IVA-
+deÌ?bito asociado a esa operacioÌ?n fuera menor al IVA-creÌ?dito a favor de la
+bolsa.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que se adoptoÌ? esta decisioÌ?n con el fin de permitir al mercado
+definir el camino maÌ?s adecuado, pudiendo la bolsa operar, indistinta y
+simultaÌ?neamente con los dos esquemas y con distintos certificados afectos
+a uno u otro, sin perjuicio de que soÌ?lo puede aplicarse una de las foÌ?rmulas
+alternativas a cada tiÌ?tulo y que no puede modificarse su paso por la bolsa.
+
+
+ En atencioÌ?n a una consulta del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero
+respecto a cuaÌ?l seraÌ? la perspectiva del productor, el representante del
+Ministerio de Hacienda explicoÌ? que el productor podraÌ? operar de dos maneras
+distintas que le ofreceraÌ? la bolsa, siendo cada sistema funcional a
+distintos tipos de productores, a saber:
+
+
+ a.- preferiraÌ? operar con la nueva alternativa quien esteÌ? interesado
+en hacer una venta sin esperar un mejor precio, entregando sus productos a
+la bolsa y recibiendo la factura que le permite compensar sus creÌ?ditos de
+IVA;
+
+
+ b.- por el contrario, preferiraÌ? el sistema original el productor
+dispuesto a ingresar sus productos a la bolsa con el fin de esperar un
+mejor precio, financiando la guarda del producto y sin compensar sus
+creÌ?ditos de IVA, hasta el momento de efectuar la uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n del
+tiÌ?tulo representativo de los productos en bolsa. En este caso, el
+productor transferiraÌ? en dominio a la bolsa el certificado de depoÌ?sito, la
+bolsa emitiraÌ? un tiÌ?tulo contra ese certificado, que su titular podraÌ? vender
+con pacto de retrocompra a un inversionista, determinando el plazo para
+celebrar la recompra.
+
+
+ El representante del SII recordoÌ? que se debe tener presente que en la
+mecaÌ?nica del IVA es posible recuperar creÌ?ditos de otros deÌ?bitos, por lo que
+el agricultor que tenga otras rentas gravadas fuera de bolsa puede
+recuperar sin demora su creÌ?dito fiscal.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la bolsa tiene la atribucioÌ?n de estructurar un sistema con
+las caracteriÌ?sticas que estime conveniente dentro del marco que fija la ley
+y que le permite incluir alguna de las dos opciones, o bien ambas.
+Suponiendo que la mayoriÌ?a de los agricultores prefiera la alternativa en
+que el IVA es pagado por la bolsa al ingresar los productos, es lo maÌ?s
+probable que se implementen ambas posibilidades.
+
+
+ Ante una consulta del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno respecto a quieÌ?n
+obtiene la mayor ganancia, el Ejecutivo recalcoÌ? que si bien es imposible
+definir ex ante las ganancias, se trata de una alternativa en la cual todos
+pueden ganar. Mediante la bolsa se produce la desintermediacioÌ?n del
+financiamiento; se permite la obtencioÌ?n de una mayor rentabilidad y se
+posibilita el acceso de los agricultores a un financiamiento de menor
+costo.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que la bolsa es una institucioÌ?n que garantiza la existencia de
+un tiÌ?tulo respaldado por un producto, de un contrato respaldado por la
+bolsa y de ciertas garantiÌ?as de cumplimiento del mismo, que pueden
+ejecutarse en forma expedita en caso de incumplimiento.
+
+
+ ContinuoÌ? senÌ?alando que el contrato asegura una rentabilidad cierta
+nominal que es la diferencia entre lo pagado y el precio en que se venda
+despueÌ?s de un periÌ?odo. AgregoÌ? que la evaluacioÌ?n actual es que existe la
+posibilidad de generar una rentabilidad mayor a la que se va obtener con un
+depoÌ?sito a plazo, a traveÌ?s de esa operacioÌ?n permitiendo, ademaÌ?s, un
+financiamiento maÌ?s barato respecto a las alternativas que ofrece la banca.
+
+
+ ConcluyoÌ?, que en relacioÌ?n con el seguro, se estima cobrariÌ?a
+comisiones maÌ?s altas a quien transe el papel para financiar el riesgo
+adicional al no existir la bolsa. En consecuencia, su incorporacioÌ?n no
+soÌ?lo favorece a la bolsa sino que al sistema completo.
+
+
+ Frente a una consulta formulada por el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero
+respecto a coÌ?mo se determinaraÌ?n las comisiones que cobraraÌ? la bolsa, el
+Ejecutivo explicoÌ? que se aplican las mismas normas que rigen para las
+bolsas de valores.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno manifestoÌ? su inquietud respecto a
+diversas interrogantes, tales como la rentabilidad, cuya respuesta queda
+diferida en el tiempo hasta la entrada del sistema en operacioÌ?n y que le
+hacen temer por su viabilidad efectiva.
+
+
+ Al respecto, la senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda hizo presente que el
+sistema funcionaraÌ? igual que la bolsa de comercio, en la cual no existe un
+rango de rentabilidad calculado ex ante, quedando entregado, en definitiva,
+a la autoregulacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Respecto de las inquietudes del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno, don
+Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez precisoÌ? que se generan tres tipos distintos de
+costos: en primer teÌ?rmino, de almacenaje y certificacioÌ?n, los cuales se
+pagan al momento de
+
+ingresar el producto a la bolsa y se asocian a la duracioÌ?n del certificado;
+ un segundo tipo de costos, que surge de los derechos de transaccioÌ?n en
+bolsa, tarificados de acuerdo a los voluÌ?menes de transaccioÌ?n, y un tercer
+tipo, que es la comisioÌ?n del corredor que puede asociarse o no a los
+derechos de bolsa, y que tambieÌ?n guarda relacioÌ?n con el volumen.
+
+
+ Don Francisco Cerda, en representacioÌ?n de la AsociacioÌ?n de
+Almacenistas y de la Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, planteoÌ? que ambas
+alternativas representan un importante avance. Sin embargo, hizo presente
+que tras la segunda existe un costo impliÌ?cito, en el hecho de que la bolsa
+paga el IVA completo del producto para lograr la devolucioÌ?n del IVA de los
+insumos, en circunstancias que se trata de una operacioÌ?n ajena al negocio
+original de la bolsa, y que sirve al agricultor que quiere desvincularse de
+la bolsa, producieÌ?ndose, adicionalmente, una ventaja para el Fisco, al que
+se le va a anticipar el IVA total del producto.
+
+
+ AnÌ?adioÌ? que, frente a esta alternativa, se ha solicitado al Fisco
+alguna forma de apoyo, con el objeto de disminuir los costos financieros
+del IVA que tendraÌ? que pagar la bolsa y que, ciertamente, le van a exigir
+un mayor capital de trabajo. SubrayoÌ? que los tiÌ?tulos emitidos por la
+bolsa, respecto de los cuales eÌ?sta se hubiera hecho cargo del pago del IVA,
+deberiÌ?an contar con una garantiÌ?a adicional al seguro que cubre el
+diferencial en caso de baja de precio del producto, la que podriÌ?a
+traducirse en que se transe en el mercado financiero con la garantiÌ?a del
+Estado. RecalcoÌ? que asiÌ? se dariÌ?a mayor viabilidad a la bolsa. SolicitoÌ?
+que el punto fuera analizado e incorporado a la ley en un futuro,
+considerando la experiencia que se adquiera en su operacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Cerda llamoÌ? la atencioÌ?n respecto de la situacioÌ?n que
+enfrenta el agricultor -sujeto al sistema de renta presunta- que desea
+esperar por el aumento de precio y, por lo tanto, acude a la primera
+alternativa, que le significa no compensar el IVA de los insumos hasta el
+retiro de la bolsa. AgregoÌ? que, en este caso, de producirse el aumento de
+precio esperado, la ganancia obtenida estaraÌ? gravada con el impuesto a la
+ganancia de capital. Sobre el punto manifestoÌ? que -pese a la negativa del
+Ministerio de Hacienda- seriÌ?a conveniente y necesario excluir del pago del
+referido impuesto a la ganancia a capital, a las operaciones de la bolsa,
+ya que desincentiva la participacioÌ?n de un importante nuÌ?mero de pequenÌ?os
+agricultores en la bolsa agriÌ?cola.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con la ejecutoriabilidad de las garantiÌ?as, manifestoÌ? su
+complacencia por su asimilacioÌ?n a la nueva ley de valores y agregoÌ? que, de
+esta forma, se aporta solvencia y seguridad a la bolsa.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el representante de los almacenista, don Francisco Cerda
+planteoÌ?, como un tema que deberiÌ?a ser objeto de anaÌ?lisis en futuros
+perfeccionamientos de la ley sobre almacenes generales de depoÌ?sito o ley de
+warrants, la posibilidad de emitir certificados de depoÌ?sito de bienes que
+estaÌ?n en viaje, de exportacioÌ?n o de importacioÌ?n. AgregoÌ? que es una
+experiencia exitosamente incorporada en otros paiÌ?ses, que permite ampliar y
+profundizar el mercado.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el impuesto a la ganancia de capital, la senÌ?ora
+Subsecretaria de Hacienda, reiteroÌ? que se ha realizado un profundo anaÌ?lisis
+respecto de la aplicacioÌ?n de dicho tributo a todos los instrumentos
+financieros del mercado de capitales, estimaÌ?ndose que debe ser mantenido;
+agregoÌ? que se aplica a la ganancia obtenida en la bolsa considerando al
+tiÌ?tulo como una alternativa de inversioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Frente a una consulta del Honorable Senador senÌ?or LarraiÌ?n respecto al
+cobro del impuesto de ganancia de capital al agricultor, en el marco del
+presente proyecto, la senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda explicoÌ? que si bien
+los agricultores tributan sobre renta presunta, al realizar actividades no
+agriÌ?colas y obtener una ganancia de capital, deberaÌ?n tributar conforme a
+las reglas generales.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el punto, don Francisco Cerda reiteroÌ? que el
+agricultor -sujeto a renta presunta- que entra a la bolsa con el objeto de
+esperar un mejor precio, deberaÌ? tributar por el diferencial de precio, en
+circunstancias que se trata de una operacioÌ?n propia de su giro agriÌ?cola, ya
+que pretende lograr un mejor precio.
+
+
+ Don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez, puso de manifiesto la baja competitividad
+que representa para la bolsa agriÌ?cola el que sus operaciones sean gravadas
+con el impuesto a la ganancia de capital, en circunstancias que se efectuoÌ?
+una modificacioÌ?n a este tributo, en virtud del cual las acciones de alta
+presencia bursaÌ?til estaÌ?n exentas.
+
+
+ El representante del Ministerio de Hacienda, don Jaime Crispi,
+explicoÌ? que el impuesto a la ganancia de capital no estaÌ? regulado como tal,
+sino como parte del impuesto a la renta, tributo que grava todas las rentas
+de los individuos, entre ellos el mayor valor de un instrumento financiero.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, respecto de las acciones de alta presencia bursaÌ?til, se
+adoptoÌ? la decisioÌ?n de eximirlas del impuesto a la renta, que se ha
+denominado impuesto a la ganancia de capital, porque se produciÌ?a una suerte
+de doble tributacioÌ?n, ya que una accioÌ?n aumenta de valor en la medida en
+que los flujos futuros asociados a la empresa emisora aumentan, por lo
+tanto, tambieÌ?n aumentan los dividendos de esa empresa, los que se gravan
+con el impuesto a la renta.
+
+
+ El representante del Servicio de Impuestos Internos, don ReneÌ? GarciÌ?a,
+indicoÌ? que resulta complejo establecer una exencioÌ?n a favor del productor,
+ya que seriÌ?a necesario contar con la certeza de su identidad, de que son
+sus productos, y si existioÌ? endoso, entre otros antecedentes que son
+difiÌ?ciles de constatar respecto de un contribuyente que, como el
+agricultor, no lleva contabilidad completa.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular don Francisco Cerda hizo presente que es posible
+efectuar un seguimiento a traveÌ?s del RUT.
+
+
+ Don Marco Antonio GonzaÌ?lez, manifestoÌ? que una de las razones que
+condujo a la dictacioÌ?n de la normativa vigente sobre depoÌ?sitos
+centralizados de valores, aplicable en materia de acciones y tiÌ?tulos, fue
+separar definitivamente los derechos de la especie fiÌ?sica del bien y
+establecer la fungibilidad completa de los primeros y agregoÌ? que, seriÌ?a
+aconsejable, que la ley de bolsa agriÌ?cola transite en el mismo sentido,
+separando completamente los derechos de los bienes sobre los cuales recaen.
+
+
+ Sobre este punto, el asesor del Ministerio de Hacienda, don Jaime
+Crispi manifestoÌ? que el tiÌ?tulo es absolutamente fungible, al efectuar el
+retiro de la bolsa, eÌ?sta puede entregar al titular del derecho cualquier
+certificado de depoÌ?sito, existiendo la posibilidad de que la bolsa
+establezca un sistema en virtud del cual se pueda retirar el mismo
+certificado de depoÌ?sito original, siendo perfectamente posible que ademaÌ?s,
+se reconozcan otras opciones.
+
+
+ La senÌ?ora Subsecretaria de Hacienda, donÌ?a MariÌ?a Eugenia Wagner,
+senÌ?aloÌ? que el Gobierno entiende que la alternativa que supone el pago del
+IVA por parte de la bolsa, requiere un capital de trabajo maÌ?s alto y que
+para iniciar el negocio puede ser necesario alguÌ?n grado de financiamiento
+adicional, al que puede contribuir el Estado en alguna forma que es preciso
+estudiar, quizaÌ?s mediante un mecanismo de garantiÌ?a, ya que le asiste un
+genuino intereÌ?s en desarrollar el mercado financiero para los agricultores.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or LarraiÌ?n manifestoÌ? su intereÌ?s respecto a
+la generacioÌ?n de mejores condiciones para el productor agriÌ?cola en el
+aÌ?mbito del presente proyecto y agregoÌ? que es fundamental que el sistema sea
+operativo y funcional, a lo que obsta el encarecimiento que, en alguna
+medida, puede derivar de la foÌ?rmula del pago del IVA por parte de la bolsa.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero hizo presente que
+en el proyecto se ha intentado satisfacer diversos objetivos conducentes a
+su eÌ?xito, entre los que se encuentra, en primer teÌ?rmino, que constituya un
+apoyo para el agricultor y que sea un sistema expedito. AgregoÌ? que, a su
+juicio, el sistema de administracioÌ?n tributaria que se propone, con las dos
+alternativas ya analizadas, incluyendo la incorporacioÌ?n del seguro en caso
+de aumento de precio, permite pensar que estamos frente a un negocio viable
+que atraeraÌ? beneficios para los distintos actores que participen de su
+dinaÌ?mica.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno reiteroÌ? su apoyo al sistema en
+cuanto busca un financiamiento adicional para el sector productor y reduce
+sus riesgos. Sin embargo expresoÌ? que se trata de un sistema confuso y
+engorroso. AgregoÌ? que deberaÌ? dilucidarse cuaÌ?les seraÌ?n los apoyos
+adicionales que se entregaraÌ?n para poner en marcha el sistema, ya que las
+buenas intenciones resultan insuficientes para asegurar su eÌ?xito.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Prat manifestoÌ? su preocupacioÌ?n
+frente a la posibilidad de que el costo que puede significar para la bolsa
+el stock de IVA que acumule por efecto de la alternativa que le impone el
+pago del citado tributo, deje fuera de mercado al sistema por ser poco
+competitivo. AgregoÌ? que como alternativa podriÌ?a recurrirse a la
+consignacioÌ?n, o bien permitir que el SII devuelva mensualmente el stock
+acumulado de IVA.
+
+
+
+3 DISCUSION PARTICULAR
+
+
+ El proyecto de ley en informe consta de un artiÌ?culo uÌ?nico, que
+originalmente se desglosaba en cinco numerales, los que aumentaron a
+dieciocho en virtud de la indicacioÌ?n formulada por S.E. el Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica con fecha 28 de septiembre de 2001.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que, con fecha 22 de enero de 2002, el Ejecutivo
+modificoÌ? algunas de sus indicaciones originales, recogiendo las sugerencias
+formuladas por vuestra ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, se efectuÌ?a una descripcioÌ?n de cada una de las
+disposiciones de la iniciativa, de las respectivas indicaciones y de los
+acuerdos adoptados.
+
+
+4 ArtiÌ?culo uÌ?nico
+
+
+ Introduce diversas modificaciones a la ley Nº19.220, las que seraÌ?n
+analizadas y votadas separadamente, a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+5 Nº1
+
+
+ Reemplaza el Nº5 del artiÌ?culo 2º del citado cuerpo legal, a fin de
+permitir -en forma excepcional- el establecimiento de acciones
+privilegiadas, que otorguen a sus titulares el privilegio de efectuar
+corretaje de productos especiÌ?ficos y determinados.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo del nuevo Nº5, dispone que los titulares de las
+referidas acciones privilegiadas deberaÌ?n necesariamente cumplir con los
+requisitos exigidos para ser corredores de bolsa. Asimismo, agrega que
+dichas acciones no tendraÌ?n el derecho de opcioÌ?n, que la ley reconoce para
+suscribir acciones de aumento de capital social y deventures convertibles
+en acciones de la sociedad emisora, o de cualesquiera otros valores que
+confieran derechos futuros sobre dichas acciones.
+
+
+ -Sometido a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, eÌ?sta acordoÌ? su
+aprobacioÌ?n con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores LarraiÌ?n, Moreno,
+Prat y Romero.
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n a fin de
+agregar los siguientes nuÌ?meros 2), 3) y 4), pasando los actuales 2, 3, y 4,
+a ser nuÌ?meros 5), 6) y 7), respectivamente.
+
+
+Nº2 (nuevo)
+
+
+ Propone agregar al artiÌ?culo 3º, de la ley Nº19.220, los siguientes
+incisos segundo y tercero:
+
+
+ "Las bolsas de productos podraÌ?n utilizar los locales, instalaciones,
+sistemas de transaccioÌ?n, informacioÌ?n, liquidacioÌ?n y compensacioÌ?n de las
+bolsas de valores, siempre que estas uÌ?ltimas celebren convenios con
+aqueÌ?llas y que las condiciones de uso de tales bienes aseguren la
+generacioÌ?n de informacioÌ?n independiente para las mismas.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia, mediante normas de caraÌ?cter general, impartiraÌ?
+las instrucciones necesarias para asegurar el cumplimiento de lo dispuesto
+en el inciso anterior.".
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo fundamentoÌ? la presente indicacioÌ?n en la conveniencia de
+reducir los costos de instalacioÌ?n y funcionamiento de las bolsas de
+productos agriÌ?colas, al autorizarlas para suscribir acuerdos tendientes a
+utilizar la infraestructura de las bolsas de valores.
+
+
+ Al respecto, la AsociacioÌ?n de Bancos e Instituciones Financieras
+senÌ?aloÌ? que resulta loÌ?gico y eficiente permitir que las bolsas de productos
+puedan aprovechar la capacidad instalada de las bolsas de valores, de forma
+que las partes involucradas acuerden los teÌ?rminos de dicha relacioÌ?n,
+correspondiendo al regulador velar porque se sujeten a condiciones de
+mercado, incorporando en los costos de transaccioÌ?n una mejor eficiencia en
+la asignacioÌ?n de recursos, y por ende, una mejora en el proceso de
+comercializacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Finalmente, cabe senÌ?alar que el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero
+presentoÌ? una indicacioÌ?n, la que retiroÌ? por estimar que la presentada por el
+Ejecutivo satisface los mismos objetivos perseguidos por su proposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ -Puesta en votacioÌ?n, la indicacioÌ?n, fue aprobada en forma unaÌ?nime,
+con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno
+y Romero.
+
+
+ Nº3 (nuevo)
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la indicacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo propone sustituir el
+artiÌ?culo 4º, de la ley Nº19.220.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que el referido artiÌ?culo 4º contempla las definiciones
+legales de "producto agropecuario o producto fiÌ?sico", "opcioÌ?n de venta de
+productos", "opcioÌ?n de compra de productos" y "contrato de futuro de
+productos". AdemaÌ?s, define al producto agropecuario o producto fiÌ?sico como
+el proveniente, en forma directa o indirecta, de la agricultura, ganaderiÌ?a,
+silvicultura o agroindustria y a los insumos que las mismas requieran.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 4º que se propone aprobar en su reemplazo, extiende la
+definicioÌ?n a los productos provenientes, directa o indirectamente, de la
+piscicultura, apicultura y avicultura y, en general, a aquellos productos
+derivados de cualquier otra actividad que sea entendida como agropecuaria,
+de acuerdo a normas nacionales o internacionales, asiÌ? como a los insumos
+que tales actividades requieran.
+
+
+ Asimismo, incorpora a la definicioÌ?n a los servicios agropecuarios
+prestados, en forma directa, para desarrollar las actividades indicadas por
+el inciso primero.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el inciso tercero precisa que el concepto de "productos"
+es comprensivo tambieÌ?n de los servicios agropecuarios indicados en el
+inciso precedente.
+
+
+ El representante del Ministerio de Hacienda hizo presente que la
+ampliacioÌ?n de la definicioÌ?n de producto fiÌ?sico, permite que una gama de
+productos basados en recursos naturales renovables y servicios asociados a
+su produccioÌ?n y comercializacioÌ?n, puedan ser transados en las bolsas de
+productos.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ?, que los actuales patrones de especializacioÌ?n productiva de
+algunas regiones del paiÌ?s y la experiencia internacional al respecto,
+sugieren que las bolsas de productos de Chile tienen el potencial para
+apoyar la produccioÌ?n y perfeccionar la transaccioÌ?n de productos y servicios
+asociados a la agricultura, ganaderiÌ?a, silvicultura, piscicultura,
+apicultura, avicultura y agroindustria.
+
+
+ Frente a una consulta formulada por el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+Moreno, respecto a si se incluiÌ?an los productos hidrobioloÌ?gicos, como por
+ejemplo, los salmones, el Ejecutivo expresoÌ? que siÌ? lo estaban,
+entendieÌ?ndose comprendidos en la categoriÌ?a de productos asociados a la
+piscicultura.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular vuestra ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? necesaria una mayor
+precisioÌ?n de las categoriÌ?as y conceptos utilizados, con el fin de evitar
+futuros conflictos de interpretacioÌ?n, tales como estimar que la produccioÌ?n
+vitiviniÌ?cola se encuentre excluida al no ser mencionada expresamente, en
+circunstancias que, conforme a lo aseverado por el Ejecutivo, se entiende
+incorporada en el aÌ?mbito de la actividad agroindustrial.
+
+
+ Con el fin de evitar problemas como el descrito, se acordoÌ? solicitar
+al Ejecutivo una nueva redaccioÌ?n que recoja las observaciones efectuadas, e
+incluya teÌ?rminos comprensivos de las diversas actividades, cuyos productos
+se desea incorporar a aquellos susceptibles de ser transados en bolsa.
+
+
+ En atencioÌ?n a lo expuesto, el Ejecutivo propuso modificar la
+definicioÌ?n, incorporando a la misma exclusivamente categoriÌ?as geneÌ?ricas, lo
+que se traduce en incluir las actividades hidrobioloÌ?gicas y eliminar la
+referencia a piscicultura y avicultura, por entenderse comprendidas dentro
+de las actividades hidrobioloÌ?gicas la primera y, en la ganaderiÌ?a, la
+segunda.
+
+
+ Asimismo, se reemplaza la frase "que sea entendida como
+agropecuaria", por "que pueda ser entendida como agropecuaria".
+
+
+ La proposicioÌ?n fue acogida por vuestra ComisioÌ?n y, en consecuencia,
+el texto que se propone para sustituir el artiÌ?culo 4º, de la ley Nº19.220
+es el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- Para los efectos de esta ley, se entenderaÌ? por
+ producto agropecuario o producto fiÌ?sico el que provenga directa o
+ indirectamente de la agricultura, ganaderiÌ?a, silvicultura, actividades
+ hidrobioloÌ?gicas, apicultura o agroindustria, o cualquier otra actividad
+ que pueda ser entendida como agropecuaria, de acuerdo a otras normas
+ nacionales o internacionales, asiÌ? como los insumos que tales actividades
+ requieran.
+
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se comprenderaÌ?n los servicios agropecuarios que se presten
+ directamente para efectuar las actividades expresadas en el inciso
+ anterior.
+
+
+
+ En todo caso, cada vez que en esta ley se haga referencia a
+ "productos", se comprenderaÌ? tambieÌ?n a los servicios a que se refiere este
+ inciso.".
+
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente dejar constancia, con el fin de
+ilustrar al inteÌ?rprete mediante la historia del establecimiento de la ley,
+que el concepto de producto agropecuario o producto fiÌ?sico, en el contexto
+de la indicacioÌ?n en anaÌ?lisis, es amplio, y que la eliminacioÌ?n de
+determinadas categoriÌ?as de su texto original obedece a que se encuentran
+comprendidas en otras y, por lo tanto, plenamente incorporadas al concepto
+en cuestioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Finalmente, cabe senÌ?alar que el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero,
+durante el primer periÌ?odo de anaÌ?lisis del presente proyecto, formuloÌ?
+indicacioÌ?n al artiÌ?culo 4º en comentario, con el objeto de sustituir en su
+Nº4 el concepto de "contrato de futuro de productos" por "contrato de venta
+a futuro" y agregar un Nº5 nuevo, que contempla la definicioÌ?n de contrato
+de futuro.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n, previamente descrita, fue retirada por su autor,
+considerando que el contexto en el cual fue elaborada ha sido modificado
+por la propuesta del Ejecutivo, especialmente en lo relativo a la
+pertenencia de la bolsa a una caÌ?mara de compensacioÌ?n, que se ha
+transformado de obligatoria en voluntaria.
+
+
+ -Sometida a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, se acordoÌ? la
+aprobacioÌ?n de la indicacioÌ?n en anaÌ?lisis, con las modificaciones senÌ?aladas,
+con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez,
+Lavandero y Romero.
+
+
+Nº4 (nuevo)
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n introduce las siguientes modificaciones de fondo, al
+artiÌ?culo 5º, de la ley Nº19.220, que establece queÌ? puede ser objeto de
+negociacioÌ?n mediante las bolsas de productos agriÌ?colas:
+
+
+ - en el Nº1 incorpora los contratos sobre productos agropecuarios,
+que cumplan con la reglamentacioÌ?n determinada por las bolsas;
+
+
+ - asimismo, en el Nº2, incluye -junto con los contratos de opcioÌ?n y
+de futuro- a otros contratos de derivados sobre productos;
+
+
+ - incorpora un Nº4 nuevo, que agrega a "los demaÌ?s tiÌ?tulos que la
+Superintendencia autorice por norma de caraÌ?cter general", y
+
+
+ - finalmente, adecuÌ?a el inciso segundo a las modificaciones que
+propone.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, mediante las modificaciones propuestas, se persigue
+ampliar la gama potencial de instrumentos que pueden ser objeto de
+negociacioÌ?n en las bolsas de productos.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero retiroÌ? una
+indicacioÌ?n de su autoriÌ?a, recaiÌ?da en la materia, por la coincidencia
+existente entre la misma y la indicacioÌ?n previamente descrita.
+
+
+ -Vuestra ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? aprobar la indicacioÌ?n, con modificaciones
+meramente formales, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores
+Cariola, Moreno y Romero.
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+6 Nº2 (que pasa a ser Nº5)
+
+
+ Elimina la prohibicioÌ?n contemplada por el artiÌ?culo 6º -relativo a los
+corredores de las bolsas de productos- que impide a eÌ?stos dedicarse a la
+compra o venta de productos por cuenta propia, en cuanto los anime la
+intencioÌ?n de transferir derechos sobre tales productos.
+
+
+ Con ocasioÌ?n de la discusioÌ?n del punto durante el primer periÌ?odo de
+sesiones, existioÌ? coincidencia en estimar que auÌ?n cuando la transaccioÌ?n por
+cuenta propia debe ser controlada por el regulador, eÌ?sta permite una mayor
+liquidez al mercado y, a su vez, se traduce en condiciones de transparencia
+en las oportunidades de negocio que se presenten al corredor.
+
+
+ -Sometido a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, el presente numeral
+fue aprobado, sin enmiendas, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores LarraiÌ?n, Moreno, Prat y Romero.
+
+
+7 Nº3 (que pasa a ser Nº6)
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 7º, de la ley Nº19.220, senÌ?ala los requisitos necesarios
+para actuar como corredor de bolsa agriÌ?cola, y el presente numeral elimina
+aquel contemplado en su literal b), que exige el ejercicio de la
+intermediacioÌ?n de productos agropecuarios por un tiempo miÌ?nimo de tres
+anÌ?os.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n al presente
+numeral, insistiendo en la eliminacioÌ?n del requisito contemplado en el
+literal b), y, ademaÌ?s, elevando el monto del patrimonio miÌ?nimo exigido, de
+6.000 unidades de fomento a 14.000, en el caso que el interesado se dedique
+a la compra o venta de productos por cuenta propia.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que el fundamento de la decisioÌ?n de establecer un
+patrimonio miÌ?nimo para los corredores de la bolsa, que compren o vendan
+productos por cuenta propia, radica en la necesidad de cautelar el mayor
+riesgo asociado a sus operaciones.
+
+
+ Frente a una consulta efectuada por el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+Moreno, respecto a la razoÌ?n por la cual se elimina el requisito de
+experiencia previa para quienes actuÌ?en como corredores de bolsa, el
+Ejecutivo expuso que, originalmente se exigiÌ?a experiencia previa en el
+corretaje de productos agriÌ?colas, en circunstancias que nadie podiÌ?a contar
+con ella ya que, hasta ahora las bolsas agriÌ?colas no han operado en nuestro
+paiÌ?s, a lo que se suma que se optoÌ? por uniformar los requisitos con
+aquellos exigidos a los corredores de bolsa de valores, quienes no precisan
+de experiencia para el ejercicio de sus funciones.
+
+
+ -Sometida a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, la indicacioÌ?n fue
+aprobada con enmiendas formales, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores Cariola, Moreno y Romero. Con ideÌ?ntica votacioÌ?n se acordoÌ? el
+rechazo del texto aprobado por la Honorable CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+8 Nº4 (que pasa a ser Nº7)
+
+
+ Suprime la referencia que el artiÌ?culo 8º efectuÌ?a al literal b) del
+artiÌ?culo 7º, de la ley Nº19.220, a fin de concordar dicha disposicioÌ?n con
+la modificacioÌ?n propuesta por el Nº6 de la iniciativa en informe. En
+consecuencia, tambieÌ?n se elimina como requisito para ejercer los cargos de
+directores o administradores de las personas juriÌ?dicas que adopten el giro
+de corredor de bolsa de productos, el haber ejercido el corretaje agriÌ?cola
+por un plazo miÌ?nimo de tres anÌ?os.
+
+
+ Con el propoÌ?sito, de concordar el texto legal con las modificaciones
+introducidas por el proyecto de ley en anaÌ?lisis, vuestra ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ?
+sustituir la referencia legal a los literales "f)", "g)" y "h)", por una a
+"e)", "f)" y "g)".
+
+
+ -Vuestra ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? la aprobacioÌ?n del presente numeral, con la
+modificacioÌ?n formal descrita, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores LarraiÌ?n, Moreno, Prat y Romero.
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para agregar
+los nuÌ?meros 8), 9), 10), 11), 12), 13), 14), 15) y 16) nuevos, pasando el
+actual nuÌ?mero 5), a ser nuÌ?mero 17):
+
+
+Nº8 (nuevo)
+
+
+ El presente numeral incide en el artiÌ?culo 10, de la ley Nº19.220,
+disposicioÌ?n que exige a los corredores cumplir y mantener los maÌ?rgenes de
+endeudamiento, garantiÌ?as y otras condiciones de liquidez determinadas
+previamente por la Superintendencia, en relacioÌ?n con la naturaleza de las
+operaciones, cuantiÌ?a y tipo de instrumentos que se transen.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo impone al corredor, ademaÌ?s, la obligacioÌ?n
+de mantener la solvencia patrimonial que determine la Superintendencia,
+conforme a las mismas reglas antes senÌ?aladas.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, el Ejecutivo hizo presente que esta nueva
+obligacioÌ?n de los corredores constituye la contrapartida a la eliminacioÌ?n
+del requisito de contar con experiencia previa, cautelaÌ?ndose, de esta
+forma, la garantiÌ?a general patrimonial o derecho de prenda general de sus
+eventuales acreedores.
+
+
+ -Aprobada, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola,
+Moreno y Romero.
+
+
+ Nº9 (nuevo)
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo propone reemplazar el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 14, de
+la ley Nº19.220, por otro del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "Las transacciones y operaciones que se efectuÌ?en en las bolsas de
+productos, deberaÌ?n ajustarse a las normas y procedimientos establecidos en
+la ley, a las reglas que determine la Superintendencia mediante norma de
+caraÌ?cter general y a los estatutos y reglamentos internos de la bolsa
+respectiva.".
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n eliminoÌ? la referencia a los usos y costumbres como
+fuente de regulacioÌ?n de las transacciones y operaciones de bolsa, punto que
+fue intensamente debatido al interior de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, estimaÌ?ndose
+necesario reconsiderarlo, ya que el cuÌ?mulo de usos y costumbres agriÌ?colas
+se encuentra profundamente arraigado y plenamente vigente en la comunidad
+respectiva, en especial en lo referente a las transacciones agropecuarias,
+lo que hace conveniente mantener su caraÌ?cter de fuente del derecho,
+aplicable en la materia.
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo precisoÌ? que no se ha pretendido eliminar el rol de los
+usos y costumbres en la determinacioÌ?n del marco juriÌ?dico aplicable a las
+transacciones y operaciones, sino la referencia a las mismas, por entender
+que mediante la aprobacioÌ?n de los reglamentos internos de la bolsa se
+estariÌ?an aprobando tambieÌ?n las costumbres mercantiles de la institucioÌ?n,
+sin que sea necesario que la Superintendencia proceda a determinarlas.
+
+
+ Con el fin de superar el inconveniente senÌ?alado vuestra ComisioÌ?n
+acordoÌ? validar la aplicacioÌ?n de usos y costumbres en la regulacioÌ?n de las
+transacciones y operaciones de bolsa donde participen corredores, para lo
+cual el Ejecutivo formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para reemplazar el punto aparte que
+sigue a la palabra "respectiva", por un punto seguido, e incorporar, a
+continuacioÌ?n, la siguiente frase final:
+
+
+ "Estos uÌ?ltimos podraÌ?n recoger los usos y costumbres, tanto nacionales
+como extranjeros, en cuanto no sean contrarios a la ley o al orden puÌ?blico
+interno.".
+
+
+ -En consecuencia, se acordoÌ? la aprobacioÌ?n de la indicacioÌ?n, con la
+modificacioÌ?n senÌ?alada, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores
+Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Lavandero y Romero.
+
+
+ Nº10 (nuevo)
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n formulada por el Ejecutivo propone la modificacioÌ?n del
+artiÌ?culo 19, de la ley Nº19.220, que senÌ?ala queÌ? productos deberaÌ?n
+inscribirse en el registro puÌ?blico, denominado "Registro de Productos", que
+a tal efecto llevaraÌ? la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ En primer teÌ?rmino, se propone agregar, en el Nº1, los contratos sobre
+tipos homogeÌ?neos de bienes fiÌ?sicos o commodities.
+
+
+ Respecto del Nº3, que obliga a inscribir los modelos de contratos, se
+reemplaza la referencia a "contratos de opciones de compra, de venta y de
+futuro de productos", por otra a los "contratos de opciones, de compra o de
+venta, de futuro u otros contratos de derivados sobre productos".
+
+
+ Finalmente, se agrega como Nº4 "los demaÌ?s tiÌ?tulos que la
+Superintendencia autorice por norma de caraÌ?cter general.".
+
+
+ -La indicacioÌ?n fue aprobada, con una enmienda meramente formal, con
+el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y
+Romero.
+
+
+ Nº11 (nuevo)
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, mediante su indicacioÌ?n, propone
+reemplazar el artiÌ?culo 20, de la ley Nº19.220, por otro del siguiente
+tenor:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 20.- Para los efectos de esta ley, los tiÌ?tulos sobre
+certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser emitidos por la
+bolsa, contra entrega y endoso en dominio a la misma de certificados que
+den cuenta del previo almacenamiento de ellos y del vale de prenda, cuando
+corresponda. Dichos tiÌ?tulos tendraÌ?n las caracteriÌ?sticas y se transaraÌ?n en
+la forma que establezca la bolsa en su reglamento.
+
+
+ El reglamento de la bolsa estableceraÌ? los requisitos a cumplir para
+la autorizacioÌ?n, almacenamiento y retiro de los citados productos.
+
+
+ CorresponderaÌ? a la bolsa la custodia de los certificados de depoÌ?sito
+y de los vales de prenda recibidos, en los casos que corresponda, los
+cuales seraÌ?n entregados y endosados al poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo equivalente,
+seguÌ?n lo defina la bolsa, cuando eÌ?ste opte por el retiro de los productos,
+contra entrega de los mismos.".
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero presentoÌ? una
+indicacioÌ?n para reemplazar el artiÌ?culo 20, la que procedioÌ? a retirar,
+considerando que la materia abordada por su proposicioÌ?n fue tratada por el
+Ejecutivo en el TiÌ?tulo VII "Disposiciones de AdministracioÌ?n Tributaria".
+
+
+ -La indicacioÌ?n fue aprobada, con enmiendas formales, con el voto de
+los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y Romero.
+
+
+ Nº12 (nuevo)
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n plantea sustituir el artiÌ?culo 24, por el que a
+continuacioÌ?n se senÌ?ala:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 24.- Las bolsas de productos podraÌ?n constituir o formar
+parte de una CaÌ?mara de CompensacioÌ?n, la que tendraÌ? por objeto:
+
+
+ a) ser la contraparte de todas las compras y ventas de contratos de
+opciones, de contratos de futuro de productos y de otros contratos de
+derivados de productos que se efectuÌ?en en la respectiva bolsa, a partir del
+registro de dichas operaciones en la mencionada CaÌ?mara;
+
+
+ b) administrar, controlar y liquidar las operaciones, posiciones
+abiertas, cuentas corrientes, maÌ?rgenes y saldos disponibles, que efectuÌ?en y
+mantengan clientes y corredores en los mercados de futuro; y
+
+
+ c) la prestacioÌ?n del servicio de liquidacioÌ?n centralizada y
+compensacioÌ?n de las demaÌ?s operaciones, realizadas en la bolsa de productos,
+cuando esta uÌ?ltima contrate dichos servicios.".
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero retiroÌ? una indicacioÌ?n de su
+autoriÌ?a, al considerar que la proposicioÌ?n del Ejecutivo satisface los
+requerimientos que la inspiraron.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que la diferencia sustancial entre la indicacioÌ?n
+presentada por el Ejecutivo y aquella formulada por el Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or Romero, radica en que la primera faculta a las bolsas para constituir
+o formar parte de una CaÌ?mara de CompensacioÌ?n y la segunda -en concordancia
+con el texto legal vigente- obliga a las bolsas a pertenecer a una. El
+Ejecutivo precisoÌ? que al transformar la actual obligacioÌ?n en una facultad
+que se ejerce en forma voluntaria se persigue reducir los costos de
+operacioÌ?n resultantes de pertenecer a una CaÌ?mara de CompensacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ -La presente indicacioÌ?n fue aprobada, con enmiendas formales, con el
+voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y
+Romero.
+
+
+ Nº13 (nuevo)
+
+
+8.1 Mediante este nuevo numeral el Ejecutivo propone modificar el
+artiÌ?culo 27, de la ley Nº19.220 -que establece las funciones de las CaÌ?maras
+de CompensacioÌ?n-, en los siguientes aspectos:
+
+
+ - extiende la funcioÌ?n de emitir y registrar los contratos contemplada
+por el literal a), que originalmente incluiÌ?a soÌ?lo a los contratos de
+operaciones de futuro y de opciones, a la emisioÌ?n y registro de los
+contratos de derivados, incorporados previamente por la misma indicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - incorpora, como nuevas funciones, por medio de un literal g) nuevo,
+las demaÌ?s que establezca la reglamentacioÌ?n interna de la respectiva CaÌ?mara,
+con la autorizacioÌ?n de la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ - reemplaza el actual inciso segundo por otro del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "Los maÌ?rgenes que constituyan los clientes que operen en las bolsas
+de productos y con las CaÌ?maras de CompensacioÌ?n, cuando corresponda, para
+responder de las peÌ?rdidas que pudieran ocurrir en un contrato de futuro, de
+opciones, o de otros contratos de derivados, se podraÌ?n constituir
+transfiriendo en dominio el bien o tiÌ?tulo respectivo, actuando la Bolsa o
+CaÌ?mara, seguÌ?n corresponda, a nombre propio. Cuando fuera necesario hacer
+efectivos dichos maÌ?rgenes, la Bolsa o CaÌ?mara, seguÌ?n corresponda, los
+realizaraÌ? extrajudicialmente, actuando como senÌ?ora y duenÌ?a, pero rindiendo
+cuenta como encargada fiduciaria del cliente.".
+
+
+ - agrega un inciso tercero y final, nuevo, mediante el cual se hace
+aplicable a las garantiÌ?as por las peÌ?rdidas que puedan producirse en un
+contrato de futuro, de opciones o en otro contrato de derivados, lo
+dispuesto en el tiÌ?tulo XXII "De las GarantiÌ?as", de la ley Nº18.045, de
+Mercado de Valores.
+
+
+ Finalmente, la indicacioÌ?n efectuÌ?a las necesarias adecuaciones a la
+puntuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, las innovaciones de fondo incorporadas por la
+indicacioÌ?n, respecto del inciso segundo vigente, radican en que se elimina
+la referencia a las bolsas de valores y se incorporan los contratos de
+opciones y de derivados.
+
+
+ En cuanto al inciso tercero, se aplica, por analogiÌ?a, la situacioÌ?n
+planteada por el artiÌ?culo 163, de la ley de Mercado de Valores, que se
+refiere a la liquidacioÌ?n de garantiÌ?as que se entregan a la bolsa, para
+efectuar operaciones a plazo y de derivados.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que la citada ley otorga a las bolsas de valores una
+facultad especialiÌ?sima de ejecucioÌ?n de dichas garantiÌ?as que, al aplicarse
+tambieÌ?n a las bolsas de productos, les permitiraÌ? ejecutar, en forma
+expedita, las garantiÌ?as en caso de incumplimiento de los maÌ?rgenes.
+
+
+ -En consecuencia, vuestra ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? aprobar la indicacioÌ?n, con
+modificaciones formales, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores
+Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y Romero.
+
+
+
+
+Nº14 (nuevo)
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n modifica el artiÌ?culo 28, de la ley Nº19.220,
+adecuaÌ?ndolo a la previa incorporacioÌ?n de los contratos de derivados, entre
+aquellos susceptibles de celebrarse, en el contexto de la operacioÌ?n del
+sistema de bolsas de productos.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, por el solo hecho de registrarse una operacioÌ?n en la
+CaÌ?mara de CompensacioÌ?n, se entienden celebrados los contratos de futuro, de
+opciones y otros contratos de derivados, entre la CaÌ?mara y cada una de las
+partes de la respectiva negociacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ -Sometida a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, eÌ?sta acordoÌ? su
+aprobacioÌ?n, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola,
+FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y Romero.
+
+
+Nº15 (nuevo)
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica modifica el
+artiÌ?culo 32, de la ley Nº19.220, eliminando de la referencia a la
+Superintendencia de Valores los teÌ?rminos "de Valores".
+
+
+ La modificacioÌ?n propuesta se realiza por considerar innecesaria dicha
+referencia, ya que conforme al artiÌ?culo 1º, inciso tercero, de la citada
+ley Nº19.220, la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros en adelante seraÌ?
+denominada "la Superintendencia".
+
+
+ En consecuencia, no se promueve una modificacioÌ?n de fondo sino
+formal, ya que sigue radicada en la referida entidad la facultad de
+suspender, en casos calificados, la compra o venta de uno o maÌ?s productos.
+
+
+ -Aprobada, con el voto de la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de
+vuestra ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y
+Romero.
+
+
+ Nº16 (nuevo)
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n gubernamental incide en el artiÌ?culo 33, de la ley
+Nº19.220, que consagra el rol calificador y fiscalizador que el Servicio
+AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero cumple respecto de las entidades encargadas de la
+certificacioÌ?n de conformidad de los productos transados en bolsa, en
+relacioÌ?n con los padrones determinados en el Registro de Productos y con
+las demaÌ?s exigencias que la propia bolsa determine.
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo postula el reemplazo del citado artiÌ?culo 33, por el
+siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 33. La certificacioÌ?n de conformidad de los productos que se
+transen en bolsa, con los padrones establecidos en el Registro de Productos
+y con las demaÌ?s exigencias que establezca la misma bolsa, deberaÌ? ser
+realizada por entidades que cumplan con las normas de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero llevaraÌ? un Registro de Entidades
+Certificadoras y practicaraÌ? la inscripcioÌ?n previa verificacioÌ?n de los
+siguientes requisitos:
+
+
+ a) contar con las instalaciones y la capacidad teÌ?cnica indispensables
+para efectuar la certificacioÌ?n de conformidad, seguÌ?n los padrones
+establecidos en el Registro de Productos;
+
+
+ b) constituir una garantiÌ?a previa al desempenÌ?o de su actividad, en
+los teÌ?rminos indicados en el artiÌ?culo 11, por un monto equivalente a 3.000
+unidades de fomento;
+
+
+ c) la inspeccioÌ?n de los productos, asiÌ? como la certificacioÌ?n de
+conformidad que otorgue la entidad certificadora, deberaÌ?n ser suscritas por
+un profesional competente, bajo su responsabilidad, y
+
+
+ d) cumplir con los demaÌ?s requisitos que establezca el Servicio
+AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero, mediante instrucciones de general aplicacioÌ?n, previo
+informe de la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero podraÌ? rechazar la solicitud
+respectiva, mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada. Asimismo, la fiscalizacioÌ?n de las
+entidades certificadoras corresponderaÌ? a este Servicio.".
+
+
+ En consecuencia, la innovacioÌ?n radica en la consagracioÌ?n del Registro
+de Entidades Certificadoras y en la determinacioÌ?n de los requisitos, cuyo
+cumplimiento deberaÌ? verificar el SAG, antes de practicar la inscripcioÌ?n de
+dichas entidades en el referido registro.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que, con ocasioÌ?n de la discusioÌ?n del proyecto,
+realizada durante el primer periÌ?odo de sesiones, hubo planteamientos
+coincidentes respecto a que la certificacioÌ?n de calidad, en cuanto
+constituye un elemento fundamental para la credibilidad del mercado,
+deberiÌ?a entregarse a firmas especializadas del maÌ?s alto nivel teÌ?cnico y
+eÌ?tico, cuya acreditacioÌ?n deberiÌ?a corresponderle al SAG, o a alguna entidad
+como FundacioÌ?n Chile.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or Romero manifestoÌ? su preocupacioÌ?n por el
+hecho de asignaÌ?rsele al SAG una funcioÌ?n que, por sus caracteriÌ?sticas,
+pareceriÌ?a maÌ?s propia de la Superintendencia, agregando que pese a tratarse
+de un servicio altamente calificado y de la mayor eficiencia en materias
+propias de su aÌ?mbito, la nueva funcioÌ?n escapa a las mismas y hace temer por
+una eventual burocratizacioÌ?n del sistema.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el punto, el Ejecutivo senÌ?aloÌ? que la bolsa de
+productos agropecuarios presenta aspectos ligados a la actividad agriÌ?cola y
+a la financiera, correspondieÌ?ndole, con mayor propiedad, la reglamentacioÌ?n
+y control de las entidades certificadoras de productos al SAG. Hizo
+presente que la misma funcioÌ?n se encuentra consagrada en la ley vigente,
+agregaÌ?ndose tan solo las condiciones que deberaÌ? cumplir el certificador
+para calificar como tal.
+
+
+ En el mismo sentido se manifestoÌ? el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola,
+quien recalcoÌ? la importancia de crear un clima de confianza que asegure la
+participacioÌ?n de los inversionistas en el sistema, para lo cual resulta
+indispensable asegurar que quienes efectuÌ?an la certificacioÌ?n sean idoÌ?neos,
+lo que deberaÌ? constatar el SAG en forma previa a la acreditacioÌ?n de una
+entidad certificadora.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Moreno manifestoÌ? que el
+sistema se mantiene, agregaÌ?ndose tan solo ciertas condiciones que deben
+cumplir los certificadores y que en el texto actual no estaÌ?n estipuladas.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or FernaÌ?ndez manifestoÌ? su
+inquietud por los teÌ?rminos excesivamente amplios del literal d), el cual
+senÌ?ala entre los requisitos que deberaÌ? verificar el SAG para acreditar y
+registrar a las entidades certificadoras "los demaÌ?s requisitos que
+establezca el Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero mediante instrucciones de
+general aplicacioÌ?n, previo informe de la Superintendencia.".
+
+
+ El mismo senÌ?or Senador propuso acotar el citado literal, ya que, de
+otro modo, no tendriÌ?a sentido indicar los restantes requisitos y bastariÌ?a
+con facultar al SAG para determinarlos a traveÌ?s de sus instrucciones
+generales.
+
+
+ Asimismo, solicitoÌ? precisar la redaccioÌ?n del literal c), ya que ella
+resulta equiÌ?voca, toda vez que aparece que la certificacioÌ?n de conformidad
+que otorga la entidad certificadora y que debe ser suscrita por un
+profesional competente, se realizaraÌ? bajo la responsabilidad de este
+uÌ?ltimo, en circunstancias que deberiÌ?a ser bajo la responsabilidad de la
+propia entidad.
+
+
+ Hizo presente la conveniencia de incorporar al artiÌ?culo una alusioÌ?n
+al hecho de que el acto administrativo dictado por el SAG y que rechaza la
+solicitud de acreditacioÌ?n, es susceptible de recursos jurisdiccionales o
+administrativos.
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo, a solicitud de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, recogioÌ? los diversos
+planteamientos efectuados por sus miembros y propuso una nueva redaccioÌ?n
+para la disposicioÌ?n, que reemplaza al artiÌ?culo 33, en los siguientes
+teÌ?rminos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 33.- La certificacioÌ?n de conformidad de los productos que
+se transen en bolsa con los padrones establecidos en el Registro de
+Productos y con las demaÌ?s exigencias que establezca la misma bolsa, deberaÌ?
+ser realizada por entidades que cumplan las normas de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero llevaraÌ? un Registro de Entidades
+Certificadoras y practicaraÌ? la inscripcioÌ?n, previa verificacioÌ?n de los
+siguientes requisitos:
+
+
+ a) contar con las instalaciones y la capacidad teÌ?cnica
+indispensables para efectuar la certificacioÌ?n de conformidad, seguÌ?n los
+padrones establecidos en el Registro de Productos;
+
+
+ b) constituir una garantiÌ?a por el desempenÌ?o de su actividad, en los
+teÌ?rminos indicados en el artiÌ?culo 11, por un monto equivalente a 3.000
+unidades de fomento, y
+
+
+ c) la inspeccioÌ?n de los productos, asiÌ? como la certificacioÌ?n de
+conformidad que otorgue la entidad certificadora, deberaÌ?n ser suscritas por
+un profesional competente, bajo la responsabilidad de dicha entidad.
+
+
+ En aquellos rubros de productos que excedan la competencia teÌ?cnica
+del Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero y previo a la inscripcioÌ?n de la respectiva
+entidad certificadora, se deberaÌ? contar con un informe favorable del
+servicio puÌ?blico competente, relativo al cumplimiento de los requisitos
+indicados en el inciso anterior.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero podraÌ? rechazar la solicitud
+respectiva mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada, contra la cual podraÌ?n impetrarse
+los recursos administrativos y jurisdiccionales que sean procedentes.
+Asimismo, la fiscalizacioÌ?n de las entidades certificadoras corresponderaÌ? a
+este Servicio.".
+
+
+ -La indicacioÌ?n fue aprobada, con las modificaciones descritas, con el
+voto de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Lavandero y
+Romero.
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+Nº5 (que pasa a ser Nº17)
+
+
+ El Nº5 del proyecto agrega un artiÌ?culo 40 nuevo, que establece un
+reÌ?gimen tributario especial, en lo referente al Impuesto al Valor Agregado,
+con respecto a las transferencias de los productos que indica.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con dichos productos la bolsa asumiraÌ? las obligaciones
+que corresponden a los contribuyentes, conforme a la regulacioÌ?n del
+referido tributo. El impuesto devengado por transferencias efectuadas en
+la bolsa, se traduciraÌ? en un creÌ?dito fiscal para la misma, cuyo reembolso
+podraÌ? solicitar a la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, en el mes o meses
+siguientes a aqueÌ?l en que se haya efectuado la transferencia y emitido la
+respectiva factura.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s permite al Ejecutivo, mediante decreto del Ministerio de
+Hacienda, expedido previo informe favorable del Ministerio de Agricultura y
+de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, incorporar nuevos productos a
+los enumerados por la misma disposicioÌ?n, en cuanto cumplan con los
+requisitos de ser primarios, no perecibles y estacionales en el anÌ?o. Por
+el mismo procedimiento podraÌ?n excluirse los productos que se incorporen.
+
+
+ El tercer inciso del artiÌ?culo en comento establece que, trataÌ?ndose de
+creÌ?ditos fiscales que se originen por operaciones distintas a la
+transferencia de los productos que se senÌ?alan en el inciso segundo, se
+determinaraÌ? el monto de la devolucioÌ?n aplicando el porcentaje que
+represente el creÌ?dito fiscal aludido por el inciso precedente al total del
+remanente acumulado.
+
+
+ El inciso cuarto, a su vez, consagra la norma referida al caso en que
+el titular de una inversioÌ?n desee liquidarla y obtener la transferencia del
+producto sobre el cual recae, o que la respalda, estableciendo que el
+interesado deberaÌ? comunicarlo por escrito a la bolsa, directamente o
+mediante su corredor. Al recibir la comunicacioÌ?n la bolsa emitiraÌ? una
+factura por el monto de adquisicioÌ?n de la inversioÌ?n recargando el Impuesto
+al Valor Agregado. El referido impuesto originaraÌ? para la bolsa un deÌ?bito
+fiscal del mes en que se emitioÌ? la factura. Finalmente, el mismo inciso
+dispone que el titular no podraÌ? retirar los productos del lugar en que se
+encontraren almacenados, sin exhibir la factura emitida por la bolsa.
+
+
+ El inciso quinto contempla el deber del Tesorero General de la
+RepuÌ?blica de exigir, la rendicioÌ?n de garantiÌ?as o cauciones cuyo monto y
+naturaleza se compadezcan con la cantidad que se solicita reembolsar por
+este concepto, en forma previa al reembolso de los creÌ?ditos fiscales
+adeudados conforme a este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Los incisos sexto y seÌ?ptimo consagran el reÌ?gimen de sanciones
+establecido por el proyecto.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el inciso octavo entrega al Director del Servicio de
+Impuestos Internos la fijacioÌ?n, por la viÌ?a de la resolucioÌ?n administrativa,
+del plazo, forma y condiciones a que deberaÌ? sujetarse la solicitud de
+devolucioÌ?n del impuesto.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para reemplazar
+el Nº5 del proyecto original, por otro que, en primer teÌ?rmino, intercala, a
+continuacioÌ?n del TiÌ?tulo VI y previo al TiÌ?tulo Final de la ley Nº19.220, un
+TiÌ?tulo VII, nuevo, denominado "Disposiciones de AdministracioÌ?n Tributaria".
+
+
+ El nuevo TiÌ?tulo contempla un uÌ?nico artiÌ?culo que pasa a ser 39,
+mantenieÌ?ndose en todo caso el actual TiÌ?tulo Final, pasando el actual
+artiÌ?culo 39 a ser artiÌ?culo 40.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 39 propuesto por la indicacioÌ?n, dispone que las
+transacciones efectuadas por las bolsas soÌ?lo estaraÌ?n afectas a IVA en la
+medida en que importen la tradicioÌ?n del producto, excepto en los casos en
+que la transferencia se haga a la propia bolsa mediante el endoso del
+certificado de depoÌ?sito, sin perjuicio del endoso del vale en prenda.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo establece el procedimiento a seguir en la primera
+transaccioÌ?n de un tiÌ?tulo, emitido sobre certificados de depoÌ?sito de
+productos.
+
+
+ El inciso tercero regula el retiro de los productos que respaldan al
+tiÌ?tulo emitido por la bolsa sobre el certificado de depoÌ?sito de los mismos.
+ Dispone que la bolsa emitiraÌ? una factura de venta, que consideraraÌ? como
+valor neto al determinado en la transaccioÌ?n, en virtud de la cual el
+poseedor del tiÌ?tulo lo adquirioÌ? en bolsa, reajustado mediante su conversioÌ?n
+en unidades tributarias mensuales, conforme al mecanismo establecido por el
+artiÌ?culo 27 del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, incluyendo el IVA que deberaÌ?
+retener.
+
+
+ El inciso cuarto establece que la bolsa entregaraÌ? una factura de
+compra por los mismos valores previamente indicados, ademaÌ?s del deÌ?bito
+fiscal correspondiente al IVA retenido, a quien transoÌ? por primera vez el
+tiÌ?tulo correspondiente.
+
+
+ El inciso quinto se refiere al momento en el cual deberaÌ?n emitirse
+las facturas originadas por el retiro de los productos y por la primera
+transaccioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo representativo de los mismos, senÌ?alando que seraÌ? al
+efectuarse el endoso del vale de prenda emitido por la bolsa y del
+certificado de depoÌ?sito, respectivamente.
+
+
+ El inciso sexto agrega que las restantes transacciones realizadas en
+el marco de la bolsa, no estaraÌ?n afectas al pago de IVA.
+
+
+ El inciso seÌ?ptimo indica que la bolsa deberaÌ? asumir las obligaciones
+de los contribuyentes de IVA, para los efectos de la emisioÌ?n de las
+facturas, las que tendraÌ?n plena validez.
+
+
+ El inciso octavo establece que los productos no podraÌ?n retirarse del
+lugar de almacenaje, sin que previamente el titular exhiba el certificado
+de depoÌ?sito y el vale de prenda correspondientes, debidamente endosados en
+dominio.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el inciso noveno sanciona con la pena de presidio menor
+en su grado maÌ?ximo a presidio mayor en su grado miÌ?nimo y con multas del
+cien por ciento al cuatrocientos por ciento de lo defraudado, a quien
+maliciosamente realizare cualquier maniobra destinada a alterar el
+verdadero monto de los creÌ?ditos o deÌ?bitos fiscales.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que con ocasioÌ?n de la discusioÌ?n general del presente
+proyecto se suscitoÌ?, en vuestra ComisioÌ?n, un amplio debate sobre el
+presente artiÌ?culo, en especial respecto al efecto que para el agricultor
+supone no poder compensar el IVA pagado por los insumos, que da lugar a un
+creÌ?dito fiscal a su favor, con el deÌ?bito de IVA generado por la venta de su
+producto, hasta el momento en que se efectuÌ?e la uÌ?ltima transaccioÌ?n en bolsa
+del tiÌ?tulo representativo de los mismos.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de lo anterior, el Ejecutivo decidioÌ? incorporar
+-ampliando su indicacioÌ?n original- un sistema alternativo de administracioÌ?n
+tributaria, que permite la inmediata recuperacioÌ?n de los creÌ?ditos de IVA
+del productor agriÌ?cola al imponer a la bolsa el pago adelantado del deÌ?bito
+correspondiente.
+
+
+ En efecto, se incorpora un numeral 2), nuevo, que dispone que la
+bolsa podraÌ? optar entre el sistema consagrado por el numeral 1) y la forma
+alternativa de aplicacioÌ?n de las disposiciones del decreto ley N°825, de
+1974, que describe en los nueve literales que se resenÌ?an a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El literal a) senÌ?ala, como regla general, que las transacciones
+realizadas en bolsa estaÌ?n afectas a IVA en cuanto impliquen la tradicioÌ?n
+del producto. Agrega que el impuesto por la transferencia de productos del
+propietario a favor de la bolsa, que opera a traveÌ?s del endoso del
+certificado de depoÌ?sito, se devengaraÌ? al efectuarse la primera transaccioÌ?n
+del tiÌ?tulo respectivo y se calcularaÌ? sobre el valor de la misma, debiendo
+la bolsa registrar la identidad del vendedor, la especie, caracteriÌ?sticas y
+cantidad de los tiÌ?tulos transados, asiÌ? como los demaÌ?s antecedentes que
+requiera el SII.
+
+
+ El literal b) anÌ?ade que la bolsa entregaraÌ?, a quien vendioÌ? por
+primera vez el tiÌ?tulo, el IVA devengado en dicha operacioÌ?n, el que
+constituiraÌ? deÌ?bito fiscal de eÌ?ste, y agrega que la bolsa deberaÌ? asumir,
+respecto de dicha suma, los derechos y obligaciones que sobre el creÌ?dito
+fiscal impone el decreto ley N°825, de 1974, y emitiraÌ? una factura de
+compra, considerando como valor neto el transado en esta ocasioÌ?n, maÌ?s el
+impuesto al valor agregado.
+
+
+ El literal c) dispone que dicha factura seraÌ? emitida por la bolsa
+durante el mes en que se llevoÌ? a cabo la referida primera transaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El literal d) regula el retiro del sistema del poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo
+emitido sobre certificados de depoÌ?sito, estableciendo que la bolsa le
+entregaraÌ? una factura de venta y los certificados de depoÌ?sito equivalentes,
+por orden de antiguÌ?edad, seguÌ?n la fecha de endoso a la bolsa. La citada
+factura consideraraÌ? como valor neto el determinado en la transaccioÌ?n,
+mediante la cual el poseedor adquirioÌ? el tiÌ?tulo en bolsa, reajustado
+conforme a lo dispuesto por el artiÌ?culo 27, del decreto ley N°825, de 1974,
+incluyendo el IVA correspondiente, que estaraÌ? obligado a retener, y que
+constituiraÌ? un deÌ?bito fiscal de la bolsa.
+
+
+ El literal e), a su turno, consagra un seguro estatal a favor de la
+bolsa por el diferencial del IVA pagado por eÌ?sta y que constituye su
+creÌ?dito fiscal, respecto del IVA retenido y que tiene el caraÌ?cter de deÌ?bito
+fiscal. En efecto, si el monto del deÌ?bito de IVA es inferior al del
+creÌ?dito, el Servicio de TesoreriÌ?a restituiraÌ? a la bolsa la diferencia de
+impuesto en el plazo de treinta diÌ?as, contado desde la presentacioÌ?n de la
+solicitud, la cual deberaÌ? formularse dentro del mes siguiente al de la
+retencioÌ?n del impuesto, siempre que dicha diferencia no haya sido
+recuperada imputaÌ?ndola a los deÌ?bitos fiscales.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el literal f) dispone que el reÌ?gimen alternativo en
+comento podraÌ? adoptarse por parte de la bolsa simultaÌ?neamente con el
+contemplado por el numeral 1, y precisa que cada tiÌ?tulo soÌ?lo podraÌ? normarse
+por uno de los dos regiÌ?menes desde su ingreso hasta su salida de bolsa.
+
+
+ El literal g) impone a la bolsa la obligacioÌ?n de llevar y mantener
+registros y documentacioÌ?n suficientes, de acuerdo con las instrucciones que
+imparta el SII, tanto para acreditar el menor valor de los productos que da
+lugar al seguro estatal, como la opcioÌ?n de la bolsa a favor de uno de los
+dos regiÌ?menes de administracioÌ?n tributaria. Asimismo, se impone a la
+bolsa el deber de proporcionar al SII la informacioÌ?n, que respecto a tales
+materias deba proporcionarle, en el plazo que eÌ?ste senÌ?ale.
+
+
+ El literal h) hace aplicables al reÌ?gimen de administracioÌ?n tributaria
+en comentario, las siguientes disposiciones originalmente establecidas,
+respecto a lo contemplado por el numeral 1:
+
+
+ - la que establece que las restantes transacciones realizadas en el
+marco de la bolsa no estaraÌ?n afectas al pago de IVA;
+
+
+ - la que dispone que la bolsa deberaÌ? asumir las obligaciones de los
+contribuyentes de IVA, para los efectos de la emisioÌ?n de las facturas, las
+que tendraÌ?n plena validez, y
+
+
+ - aquella que determina que los productos no podraÌ?n retirarse del
+lugar de almacenaje sin que el titular exhiba el certificado de depoÌ?sito y
+el vale de prenda correspondientes, debidamente endosados en dominio.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el literal i) sanciona conforme al procedimiento
+establecido para el delito previsto en el inciso segundo, del nuÌ?mero 4°,
+del artiÌ?culo 97 del CoÌ?digo Tributario, la realizacioÌ?n maliciosa de
+cualquiera maniobra tendiente a alterar el verdadero monto de los creÌ?ditos
+o deÌ?bitos fiscales generados en las operaciones respectivas o el verdadero
+monto de la devolucioÌ?n, por concepto de diferencial de IVA que practique la
+TesoreriÌ?a a favor de la bolsa.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que el Ejecutivo modificoÌ? su indicacioÌ?n original
+mediante mensaje indicativo Nº345, del 22 de enero de 2002, el que -en lo
+relativo al presente artiÌ?culo- junto con incorporar el numeral 2, antes
+descrito, introdujo las siguientes reformas al numeral 1, recogiendo
+sugerencias formuladas por vuestra ComisioÌ?n con ocasioÌ?n de la discusioÌ?n de
+la presente iniciativa:
+
+
+ - En el inciso primero, del numeral 1, originalmente inciso primero,
+sustituyoÌ? la frase final ", sin perjuicio del endoso del vale de prenda.",
+por "y del vale de prenda, cuando corresponda.".
+
+
+ - ReemplazoÌ? el inciso cuarto del numeral 1, originalmente inciso
+cuarto, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "La bolsa emitiraÌ? a quien le endosoÌ? el certificado de depoÌ?sito que se
+entregaraÌ? a quien opte por el retiro de los productos, una factura de
+compra por el mismo valor del Impuesto al Valor Agregado senÌ?alado en el
+inciso anterior, entregaÌ?ndole dicho impuesto, el que constituiraÌ? deÌ?bito
+fiscal del mes de la emisioÌ?n de esa factura.".
+
+ - IntercaloÌ? en el inciso quinto del numeral 1, originalmente inciso
+quinto, la frase ", cuando corresponda,", entre las palabras "prenda" y
+"que".
+
+
+8.2 - IntercaloÌ? en el inciso octavo del numeral 1, originalmente inciso
+octavo, a continuacioÌ?n de la coma (,) que sigue a la palabra "respectivo" y
+antes de la coma (,) seguida de la preposicioÌ?n "por", las palabras "cuando
+corresponda".
+
+
+ -Sometida a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, la indicacioÌ?n fue
+aprobada, con enmiendas formales, con el voto de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores LarraiÌ?n, Moreno, Prat y Romero. Asimismo, con ideÌ?ntica votacioÌ?n
+fue rechazada la proposicioÌ?n de la Honorable CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+Nº18 (nuevo)
+
+
+ El Ejecutivo, a traveÌ?s de su indicacioÌ?n, propone intercalar un Nº18
+nuevo, destinado a modificar el artiÌ?culo transitorio de la ley Nº19.220,
+que impone a las bolsas de productos la obligacioÌ?n de reglamentar las
+transacciones de contratos, durante el periÌ?odo previo al establecimiento de
+las CaÌ?maras de CompensacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En el presente caso, se armoniza el texto legal con las
+modificaciones que se pretende introducir, en la especie, incorporando a
+otros contratos de derivados sobre productos.
+
+
+ -Sometida a la consideracioÌ?n de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, se acordoÌ? la
+aprobacioÌ?n de la presente indicacioÌ?n, con el voto de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, FernaÌ?ndez, Moreno y Romero.
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de las consideraciones precedentemente expuestas, vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n de Agricultura os propone que aprobeÌ?is el texto de la Honorable
+CaÌ?mara de Diputados con las siguientes modificaciones:
+
+
+9 ArtiÌ?culo uÌ?nico
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ Intercalar, a continuacioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 1), los siguientes nuÌ?meros 2),
+3) y 4), nuevos:
+
+
+ "2) AgreÌ?ganse los siguientes incisos segundo y tercero al artiÌ?culo
+3º:
+
+
+ "Las bolsas de productos podraÌ?n utilizar los locales, instalaciones,
+sistemas de transaccioÌ?n, informacioÌ?n, liquidacioÌ?n y compensacioÌ?n de las
+bolsas de valores, siempre que estas uÌ?ltimas celebren convenios con
+aqueÌ?llas y que las condiciones de uso de tales bienes aseguren la
+generacioÌ?n de informacioÌ?n independiente para las mismas.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia, mediante normas de caraÌ?cter general, impartiraÌ?
+las instrucciones necesarias para asegurar el cumplimiento de lo dispuesto
+en el inciso anterior.".".
+
+
+ "3) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 4º, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- Para los efectos de esta ley se entenderaÌ? por producto
+agropecuario o producto fiÌ?sico el que provenga directa o indirectamente de
+la agricultura, ganaderiÌ?a, silvicultura, actividades hidrobioloÌ?gicas,
+apicultura o agroindustria, o cualquier otra actividad que pueda ser
+entendida como agropecuaria, de acuerdo a otras normas nacionales o
+internacionales, asiÌ? como los insumos que tales actividades requieran.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se comprenderaÌ?n los servicios agropecuarios que se presten
+directamente para efectuar las actividades expresadas en el inciso
+anterior.
+
+
+ En todo caso, cada vez que en esta ley se haga referencia a
+"productos", se comprenderaÌ? tambieÌ?n a los servicios a que se refiere este
+inciso.".".
+
+
+ "4) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 5º, de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en el nuÌ?mero 1), entre las palabras "agropecuarios" y
+"que" la frase: "y contratos sobre eÌ?stos,".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2), la frase: "y los contratos de futuro
+de tales productos", por la siguiente: "los contratos de futuro u otros
+contratos de derivados sobre productos", precedida de una coma (,), pasando
+la expresioÌ?n ",y" a ser punto y coma (;).
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 3), el punto aparte (.), por una coma (,)
+seguida de la conjuncioÌ?n "y".
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase el siguiente nuÌ?mero 4), nuevo:
+
+
+ "4)Los demaÌ?s tiÌ?tulos que la Superintendencia autorice por norma de
+caraÌ?cter general.".
+
+
+ e) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso segundo, la palabra "tres" por
+"cuatro".".
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 5, sin modificaciones.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3)
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 6, con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "6) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 7º en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) SupriÌ?mese la letra b), pasando las letras c), d), e), f), g) y h)
+a ser letras b), c), d), e), f) y g), respectivamente.
+
+
+ b) En la letra d), que pasa a ser c), agreÌ?gase el siguiente paÌ?rrafo a
+continuacioÌ?n del punto aparte (.), que pasa a ser punto seguido: "No
+obstante lo anterior, para efectuar las operaciones indicadas en el inciso
+segundo del artiÌ?culo 6º de la presente ley, se deberaÌ? mantener un
+patrimonio miÌ?nimo de 14.000 unidades de fomento.".".
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 7), con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "7) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 8º, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Los directores y administradores de tales personas juriÌ?dicas,
+individualmente considerados, deberaÌ?n acreditar los requisitos establecidos
+en las letras a), e), f) y g), del artiÌ?culo anterior.".
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ AgreÌ?ganse, a continuacioÌ?n, los siguientes nuÌ?meros 8), 9), 10), 11),
+12), 13), 14), 15), y 16), nuevos:
+
+
+ "8) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 10, despueÌ?s de la palabra "liquidez",
+la expresioÌ?n: "y solvencia patrimonial".".
+
+
+ "9) SustituÌ?yese el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 14, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Las transacciones y operaciones que se efectuÌ?en en las bolsas de
+productos, deberaÌ?n ajustarse a las normas y procedimientos establecidos en
+la ley, a las reglas que determine la Superintendencia mediante norma de
+caraÌ?cter general y a los estatutos y reglamentos internos de la bolsa
+respectiva. Estos uÌ?ltimos podraÌ?n recoger los usos y costumbres, tanto
+nacionales como extranjeros, en cuanto no sean contrarios a la ley o al
+orden puÌ?blico interno.".".
+
+
+ "10) ModifiÌ?case el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 19, en la siguiente
+forma:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase al nuÌ?mero 1), antes del punto aparte (.), la frase: "y
+contratos sobre eÌ?stos".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2), la coma (,) y la conjuncioÌ?n "y", por
+un punto aparte (.).
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese al final del nuÌ?mero 3), la expresioÌ?n ", de venta y de
+futuro de productos." por la siguiente: "o de venta, de futuro u otros
+contratos de derivados sobre productos, y".
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase el siguiente nuÌ?mero 4), nuevo:
+
+
+ "4) Los demaÌ?s tiÌ?tulos que la Superintendencia autorice por norma de
+caraÌ?cter general.".".
+
+
+ "11) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 20, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 20.- Para los efectos de esta ley, los tiÌ?tulos sobre
+certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser emitidos por la
+bolsa, contra entrega y endoso en dominio a la misma de certificados que
+den cuenta del previo almacenamiento de ellos y del vale de prenda, cuando
+corresponda. Dichos tiÌ?tulos tendraÌ?n las caracteriÌ?sticas y se transaraÌ?n en
+la forma que establezca la bolsa en su reglamento.
+
+
+ El reglamento de la bolsa estableceraÌ? los requisitos a cumplir para
+la autorizacioÌ?n, almacenamiento y retiro de los citados productos.
+
+
+ CorresponderaÌ? a la bolsa la custodia de los certificados de depoÌ?sito
+y de los vales de prenda recibidos, en los casos que corresponda, los
+cuales seraÌ?n entregados y endosados al poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo equivalente,
+seguÌ?n lo defina la bolsa, cuando eÌ?ste opte por el retiro de los productos,
+contra entrega de los mismos.".".
+
+
+ "12) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 24, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 24.- Las bolsas de productos podraÌ?n constituir o formar
+parte de una CaÌ?mara de CompensacioÌ?n, la que tendraÌ? por objeto:
+
+
+ a) ser la contraparte de todas las compras y ventas de contratos de
+opciones, de contratos de futuro y de otros contratos de derivados de
+productos, que se efectuÌ?en en la respectiva bolsa, a partir del registro de
+dichas operaciones en la mencionada CaÌ?mara;
+
+
+ b) administrar, controlar y liquidar las operaciones, posiciones
+abiertas, cuentas corrientes, maÌ?rgenes y saldos disponibles que efectuÌ?en y
+mantengan clientes y corredores en los mercados de futuro, y
+
+
+ c) la prestacioÌ?n del servicio de liquidacioÌ?n centralizada y
+compensacioÌ?n de las demaÌ?s operaciones, realizadas en la bolsa de productos,
+cuando esta uÌ?ltima contrate dichos servicios.".".
+
+
+ "13) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 27, en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese la letra a) del inciso primero, por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "a) Emitir y registrar los contratos de las operaciones de futuro, de
+opciones y de otros contratos de derivados y ser la contraparte de los
+mismos.".
+
+
+ b) ReemplaÌ?zase al final de la letra e) del inciso primero, la coma
+(,) y la conjuncioÌ?n "y", por un punto aparte (.).
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese al final de la letra f) del inciso primero, el punto
+aparte (.) por una coma (,) seguida por la conjuncioÌ?n "y".
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase, en el inciso primero la siguiente letra g), nueva:
+
+
+ "g) Las demaÌ?s que establezca la reglamentacioÌ?n interna de la
+respectiva CaÌ?mara, con la autorizacioÌ?n de la Superintendencia.".
+
+
+ e) SustituÌ?yese el inciso segundo por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Los maÌ?rgenes que constituyan los clientes que operen en las bolsas
+de productos y con las CaÌ?maras de CompensacioÌ?n, cuando corresponda, para
+responder de las peÌ?rdidas que pudieran ocurrir en un contrato de futuro, de
+opciones, o de otros contratos de derivados, se podraÌ?n constituir
+transfiriendo en dominio el bien o tiÌ?tulo respectivo, actuando la Bolsa o
+CaÌ?mara, seguÌ?n corresponda, a nombre propio. Cuando fuera necesario hacer
+efectivos dichos maÌ?rgenes, la Bolsa o CaÌ?mara, seguÌ?n corresponda, los
+realizaraÌ? extrajudicialmente, actuando como senÌ?ora y duenÌ?a, pero rindiendo
+cuenta como encargada fiduciaria del cliente.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de lo indicado en el inciso precedente, seraÌ?
+aplicable, en lo que corresponda, lo dispuesto en el tiÌ?tulo XXII de la Ley
+Nº18.045, de Mercado de Valores.".".
+
+
+ "14) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 28, la frase "y de
+opciones", por la siguiente: ", de opciones y otros contratos de
+derivados".".
+
+
+ "15) ElimiÌ?nase en el artiÌ?culo 32, la expresioÌ?n: "de Valores".".
+
+
+ "16) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 33, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 33.- La certificacioÌ?n de conformidad de los productos que
+se transen en bolsa con los padrones establecidos en el Registro de
+Productos y con las demaÌ?s exigencias que establezca la misma bolsa, deberaÌ?
+ser realizada por entidades que cumplan las normas de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero llevaraÌ? un Registro de Entidades
+Certificadoras y practicaraÌ? la inscripcioÌ?n, previa verificacioÌ?n de los
+siguientes requisitos:
+
+
+ a) contar con las instalaciones y la capacidad teÌ?cnica
+indispensables para efectuar la certificacioÌ?n de conformidad, seguÌ?n los
+padrones establecidos en el Registro de Productos;
+
+
+ b) constituir una garantiÌ?a por el desempenÌ?o de su actividad, en los
+teÌ?rminos indicados en el artiÌ?culo 11, por un monto equivalente a 3.000
+unidades de fomento, y
+
+
+ c) la inspeccioÌ?n de los productos, asiÌ? como la certificacioÌ?n de
+conformidad que otorgue la entidad certificadora, deberaÌ?n ser suscritas por
+un profesional competente, bajo la responsabilidad de dicha entidad.
+
+
+ En aquellos rubros de productos que excedan la competencia teÌ?cnica
+del Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero y previo a la inscripcioÌ?n de la respectiva
+entidad certificadora, se deberaÌ? contar con un informe favorable del
+servicio puÌ?blico competente, relativo al cumplimiento de los requisitos
+indicados en el inciso anterior.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero podraÌ? rechazar la solicitud
+respectiva mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada, contra la cual podraÌ?n impetrarse
+los recursos administrativos y jurisdiccionales que sean procedentes.
+Asimismo, la fiscalizacioÌ?n de las entidades certificadoras corresponderaÌ? a
+este Servicio.".
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5)
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 17, sustituido por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "17) IntercaÌ?lase a continuacioÌ?n del TiÌ?tulo VI, y previo al TiÌ?tulo
+Final, el cual se mantiene, pasando su actual artiÌ?culo 39 a ser artiÌ?culo
+40, el siguiente nuevo TiÌ?tulo VII:
+
+
+ "TIÌ?TULO VII
+
+
+ DISPOSICIONES DE ADMINISTRACIOÌ?N TRIBUTARIA.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 39.- Las operaciones sobre los productos y tiÌ?tulos que
+representen los productos, que se realicen en la bolsa, se regiraÌ?n por las
+disposiciones de este artiÌ?culo, para los efectos del decreto ley Nº825, de
+1974.
+
+
+ 1.- Las transacciones realizadas en bolsa estaraÌ?n afectas al Impuesto
+al Valor Agregado soÌ?lo cuando eÌ?stas impliquen la tradicioÌ?n del producto,
+con excepcioÌ?n de la transferencia de dominio de los productos que haga el
+propietario a favor de la bolsa mediante el endoso del certificado de
+depoÌ?sito y del vale de prenda, cuando corresponda.
+
+
+ Cuando se efectuÌ?e en bolsa la primera transaccioÌ?n de un tiÌ?tulo
+emitido sobre certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos, la bolsa registraraÌ? la
+identidad del vendedor, la especie, caracteriÌ?sticas y cantidad de los
+tiÌ?tulos transados, como tambieÌ?n los antecedentes que requiera el Servicio
+de Impuestos Internos.
+
+
+ Cuando el poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo emitido sobre certificados de
+depoÌ?sito de productos, opte por el retiro de los productos que lo
+respaldan, la bolsa emitiraÌ? una factura de venta considerando como valor
+neto aqueÌ?l determinado en la transaccioÌ?n mediante la cual el poseedor
+adquirioÌ? el tiÌ?tulo en bolsa, reajustado en la forma dispuesta en el
+artiÌ?culo 27 del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, incluyendo el Impuesto al Valor
+Agregado correspondiente, el cual estaraÌ? obligado a retener.
+
+
+ La bolsa emitiraÌ? a quien le endosoÌ? el certificado de depoÌ?sito que se
+entregaraÌ? a quien opte por el retiro de los productos, una factura de
+compra por el mismo valor del Impuesto al Valor Agregado senÌ?alado en el
+inciso anterior, entregaÌ?ndole dicho impuesto, el que constituiraÌ? deÌ?bito
+fiscal del mes de la emisioÌ?n de esa factura.
+
+
+ La emisioÌ?n de las facturas originadas en los dos incisos anteriores,
+deberaÌ? efectuarse al momento del endoso del certificado de depoÌ?sito y del
+vale de prenda, cuando corresponda, que la bolsa efectuÌ?e a favor de quien
+opte por el retiro de los productos.
+
+
+ Las demaÌ?s transacciones de tiÌ?tulos que se efectuÌ?en en la bolsa no
+estaraÌ?n afectas al Impuesto al Valor Agregado.
+
+
+ La bolsa asumiraÌ? todas las obligaciones propias de los contribuyentes
+del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, para los efectos de la emisioÌ?n de las
+facturas a que se refieren los incisos anteriores, y las referidas facturas
+tendraÌ?n plena validez legal seguÌ?n lo dispuesto por dicho decreto ley.
+
+
+ En todo caso, no podraÌ? retirarse el producto del lugar en que se
+encuentre almacenado, sin antes exhibir el certificado de depoÌ?sito de
+productos y el vale de prenda respectivo, cuando corresponda, por el
+titular, debidamente endosados en dominio.
+
+
+ La realizacioÌ?n maliciosa de cualquiera maniobra, tendiente a alterar
+el verdadero monto de los creÌ?ditos, o deÌ?bitos fiscales generados en las
+operaciones respectivas, se sancionaraÌ? en la forma y de acuerdo al
+procedimiento establecido para el delito previsto en el inciso segundo del
+nuÌ?mero 4º del artiÌ?culo 97 del CoÌ?digo Tributario.
+
+
+ 2.- Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el nuÌ?mero anterior, la bolsa
+podraÌ? optar por la siguiente forma alternativa de aplicar las disposiciones
+del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974:
+
+
+ a) las transacciones realizadas en bolsa estaraÌ?n afectas al Impuesto
+al Valor Agregado soÌ?lo cuando eÌ?stas impliquen la tradicioÌ?n del producto.
+Sin embargo, el impuesto que se determine en la transferencia de los
+productos que haga el propietario a favor de la bolsa mediante el endoso
+del certificado de depoÌ?sito y del vale de prenda, cuando corresponda, se
+devengaraÌ? al momento de la primera transaccioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo respectivo,
+calculado sobre el valor de ella, debiendo la bolsa registrar la identidad
+del vendedor, la especie, caracteriÌ?sticas y cantidad de los tiÌ?tulos
+transados, como tambieÌ?n los antecedentes que requiera el Servicio de
+Impuestos Internos;
+
+
+ b) la bolsa entregaraÌ? a quien vendioÌ? por primera vez el referido
+tiÌ?tulo, el Impuesto al Valor Agregado devengado en dicha operacioÌ?n, el que
+constituiraÌ? deÌ?bito fiscal de eÌ?ste, asumiendo la bolsa por su parte,
+respecto de esta suma, todos los derechos y obligaciones que sobre el
+creÌ?dito fiscal establece el decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, y emitiraÌ? una
+factura de compra considerando como valor neto, el transado en esta
+ocasioÌ?n, maÌ?s el Impuesto al Valor Agregado;
+
+
+ c) la factura a que se refiere la letra anterior seraÌ? emitida por la
+bolsa en el mes en que se efectuoÌ? la mencionada primera transaccioÌ?n;
+
+
+ d) cuando el poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo emitido sobre certificados de
+depoÌ?sito, opte por el retiro de los productos que lo respaldan, la bolsa
+emitiraÌ? una factura de venta considerando como valor neto aquel determinado
+en la transaccioÌ?n mediante la cual el poseedor adquirioÌ? el tiÌ?tulo en bolsa,
+reajustado en la forma dispuesta en el artiÌ?culo 27 del decreto ley Nº825,
+de 1974, incluyendo el Impuesto al Valor Agregado correspondiente, el cual
+estaraÌ? obligado a retener, y que constituiraÌ? un deÌ?bito fiscal de la bolsa,
+entregando a quien opte por el retiro de los productos, junto con la
+factura respectiva, los certificados de depoÌ?sito equivalentes y los vales
+de prenda cuando corresponda, por orden de antiguÌ?edad, seguÌ?n la fecha de
+endoso a la bolsa;
+
+
+ e) en el caso de que el valor de la factura emitida, conforme lo
+dispuesto en la letra d) anterior, fuere inferior al valor de la factura
+emitida respecto del mismo certificado de depoÌ?sito, de conformidad a la
+letra a) anterior, deberaÌ? ser devuelta la diferencia de impuesto a la bolsa
+por el Servicio de TesoreriÌ?as en el plazo de treinta diÌ?as de presentada la
+solicitud, la cual deberaÌ? presentarse dentro del mes siguiente al de la
+retencioÌ?n del tributo, siempre que dicha diferencia no haya sido recuperada
+imputaÌ?ndola a los deÌ?bitos fiscales;
+
+
+ f) el reÌ?gimen optativo establecido en este nuÌ?mero podraÌ? adoptarse
+simultaÌ?neamente con el senÌ?alado en el nuÌ?mero 1 anterior, pero en relacioÌ?n a
+productos y tiÌ?tulos representativos de ellos que desde su ingreso hasta la
+salida de bolsa solamente se rijan por uno de los dos regiÌ?menes;
+
+
+ g) tanto para acreditar el menor valor de los productos a que se
+refiere la letra e), como la opcioÌ?n adoptada en la letra f), anteriores, la
+bolsa deberaÌ? llevar y mantener registros y la documentacioÌ?n suficientes, de
+acuerdo con las instrucciones que imparta el Servicio de Impuestos
+Internos, sin perjuicio de la informacioÌ?n que, al respecto, deba
+proporcionar a dicho Servicio en el plazo que eÌ?ste senÌ?ale;
+
+
+ h) seraÌ? aplicable tambieÌ?n al reÌ?gimen de este nuÌ?mero, lo dispuesto en
+los incisos sexto, seÌ?ptimo y octavo del nuÌ?mero anterior, y
+
+
+ i) la realizacioÌ?n maliciosa de cualquiera maniobra tendiente a
+alterar el verdadero monto de los creÌ?ditos o deÌ?bitos fiscales generados en
+las operaciones respectivas o el verdadero monto de la devolucioÌ?n
+establecida en la letra e) de este nuÌ?mero, se sancionaraÌ? en la forma y de
+acuerdo al procedimiento establecido para el delito previsto en el inciso
+segundo del nuÌ?mero 4º del artiÌ?culo 97 del CoÌ?digo Tributario.".".
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ Agregar, a continuacioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 17), un nuÌ?mero 18), nuevo, del
+siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "18) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo transitorio, la frase: "y de futuros
+de productos", por la siguiente: ", de futuro y otros contratos de
+derivados sobre productos".".
+
+
+ ºººººººººº
+
+
+ TEXTO DEL PROYECTO
+
+
+ En consecuencia el proyecto de ley quedariÌ?a como sigue:
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo uÌ?nico.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones en la
+ley Nº19.220:
+
+
+ 1) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 5) del artiÌ?culo 2º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "5) Las acciones tendraÌ?n igual valor y no podraÌ?n establecerse series
+de acciones ni acciones privilegiadas. Sin embargo, podraÌ?n establecerse
+series de acciones que tengan como uÌ?nico y exclusivo privilegio para sus
+titulares el efectuar operaciones de corretaje de productos especiÌ?ficos y
+determinados.
+
+
+ Los titulares de estas acciones privilegiadas para que puedan
+realizar dichas operaciones, deberaÌ?n cumplir con todos los requisitos para
+ser corredores de bolsa. Las acciones de uÌ?nica serie o series
+privilegiadas que se emitan no tendraÌ?n derecho a la opcioÌ?n que prescribe el
+artiÌ?culo 25 de la ley Nº18.046.".
+
+
+ 2) AgregaÌ?nse los siguientes incisos segundo y tercero al artiÌ?culo 3º:
+
+
+ "Las bolsas de productos podraÌ?n utilizar los locales, instalaciones,
+sistemas de transaccioÌ?n, informacioÌ?n, liquidacioÌ?n y compensacioÌ?n de las
+bolsas de valores, siempre que estas uÌ?ltimas celebren convenios con
+aqueÌ?llas y que las condiciones de uso de tales bienes aseguren la
+generacioÌ?n de informacioÌ?n independiente para las mismas.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia, mediante normas de caraÌ?cter general, impartiraÌ?
+las instrucciones necesarias para asegurar el cumplimiento de lo dispuesto
+en el inciso anterior.".
+
+
+ 3) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 4º, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- Para los efectos de esta ley se entenderaÌ? por producto
+agropecuario o producto fiÌ?sico el que provenga directa o indirectamente de
+la agricultura, ganaderiÌ?a, silvicultura, actividades hidrobioloÌ?gicas,
+apicultura o agroindustria, o cualquier otra actividad que pueda ser
+entendida como agropecuaria, de acuerdo a otras normas nacionales o
+internacionales, asiÌ? como los insumos que tales actividades requieran.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se comprenderaÌ?n los servicios agropecuarios que se presten
+directamente para efectuar las actividades expresadas en el inciso
+anterior.
+
+
+ En todo caso, cada vez que en esta ley se haga referencia a
+"productos", se comprenderaÌ? tambieÌ?n a los servicios a que se refiere este
+inciso.".
+
+
+ 4) Modificase el artiÌ?culo 5º, de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en el nuÌ?mero 1), entre las palabras "agropecuarios" y
+"que" la frase: "y contratos sobre eÌ?stos,".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2), la frase: "y los contratos de futuro
+de tales productos", por la siguiente: "los contratos de futuro u otros
+contratos de derivados sobre productos", precedida de una coma (,), pasando
+la expresioÌ?n ", y" a ser punto y coma (;).
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 3), el punto aparte (.), por una coma (,)
+seguida de la conjuncioÌ?n "y".
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase el siguiente nuÌ?mero 4), nuevo:
+
+
+ "4) Los demaÌ?s tiÌ?tulos que la Superintendencia autorice por norma de
+caraÌ?cter general.".
+
+
+ e) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso segundo, la palabra "tres" por "cuatro".
+
+
+ 5) En el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 6º, sustituÌ?yese la oracioÌ?n que
+se inicia con las palabras "Se prohiÌ?be", y que termina con las palabras
+"por cuenta propia.", por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "Los corredores podraÌ?n tambieÌ?n dedicarse a la compra o venta de
+productos en bolsa por cuenta propia, siempre que exista aÌ?nimo para
+transferir derechos sobre los mismos.".
+
+
+ 6) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 7º en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) SupriÌ?mese la letra b), pasando las letras c), d), e), f), g) y h)
+a ser letras b), c), d), e), f) y g), respectivamente.
+
+
+ b) En la letra d), que pasa a ser c), agreÌ?gase el siguiente paÌ?rrafo a
+continuacioÌ?n del punto aparte (.), que pasa a ser punto seguido: "No
+obstante lo anterior, para efectuar las operaciones indicadas en el inciso
+segundo del artiÌ?culo 6º de la presente ley, se deberaÌ? mantener un
+patrimonio miÌ?nimo de 14.000 unidades de fomento.".
+
+
+ 7) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 8º, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Los directores y administradores de tales personas juriÌ?dicas,
+individualmente considerados, deberaÌ?n acreditar los requisitos establecidos
+en las letras a), e), f) y g), del artiÌ?culo anterior.".
+
+
+ 8) IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 10, despueÌ?s de la palabra "liquidez",
+la expresioÌ?n: "y solvencia patrimonial".
+
+
+ 9) SustituÌ?yese el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 14, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Las transacciones y operaciones que se efectuÌ?en en las bolsas de
+productos, deberaÌ?n ajustarse a las normas y procedimientos establecidos en
+la ley, a las reglas que determine la Superintendencia mediante norma de
+caraÌ?cter general y a los estatutos y reglamentos internos de la bolsa
+respectiva. Estos uÌ?ltimos podraÌ?n recoger los usos y costumbres, tanto
+nacionales como extranjeros, en cuanto no sean contrarios a la ley o al
+orden puÌ?blico interno.".
+
+
+ 10) ModifiÌ?case el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 19, en la siguiente
+forma:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase al nuÌ?mero 1), antes del punto aparte (.), la frase: "y
+contratos sobre eÌ?stos".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese en el nuÌ?mero 2), la coma (,) y la conjuncioÌ?n "y", por
+un punto aparte (.).
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese al final del nuÌ?mero 3), la expresioÌ?n ", de venta y de
+futuro de productos." por la siguiente: "o de venta, de futuro u otros
+contratos de derivados sobre productos, y".
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase el siguiente nuÌ?mero 4), nuevo:
+
+
+ "4) Los demaÌ?s tiÌ?tulos que la Superintendencia autorice por norma de
+caraÌ?cter general.".
+
+
+ 11) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 20, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 20.- Para los efectos de esta ley, los tiÌ?tulos sobre
+certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser emitidos por la
+bolsa, contra entrega y endoso en dominio a la misma de certificados que
+den cuenta del previo almacenamiento de ellos y del vale de prenda, cuando
+corresponda. Dichos tiÌ?tulos tendraÌ?n las caracteriÌ?sticas y se transaraÌ?n en
+la forma que establezca la bolsa en su reglamento.
+
+
+ El reglamento de la bolsa estableceraÌ? los requisitos a cumplir para
+la autorizacioÌ?n, almacenamiento y retiro de los citados productos.
+
+
+ CorresponderaÌ? a la bolsa la custodia de los certificados de depoÌ?sitos
+y de los vales de prenda recibidos, en los casos que corresponda, los
+cuales seraÌ?n entregados y endosados al poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo equivalente,
+seguÌ?n lo defina la bolsa, cuando eÌ?ste opte por el retiro de los productos,
+contra entrega de los mismos.".
+
+
+ 12) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 24, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 24.- Las bolsas de productos podraÌ?n constituir o formar
+parte de una CaÌ?mara de CompensacioÌ?n, la que tendraÌ? por objeto:
+
+
+ a) ser la contraparte de todas las compras y ventas de contratos de
+opciones, de contratos de futuro y de otros contratos de derivados de
+productos, que se efectuÌ?en en la respectiva bolsa, a partir del registro de
+dichas operaciones en la mencionada CaÌ?mara;
+
+
+ b) administrar, controlar y liquidar las operaciones, posiciones
+abiertas, cuentas corrientes, maÌ?rgenes y saldos disponibles que efectuÌ?en y
+mantengan clientes y corredores en los mercados de futuro, y
+
+
+ c) la prestacioÌ?n del servicio de liquidacioÌ?n centralizada y
+compensacioÌ?n de las demaÌ?s operaciones, realizadas en la bolsa de productos,
+cuando esta uÌ?ltima contrate dichos servicios.".
+
+
+ 13) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 27, en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese la letra a) del inciso primero, por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "a) Emitir y registrar los contratos de las operaciones de futuro, de
+opciones y de otros contratos de derivados y ser la contraparte de los
+mismos.".
+
+
+ b) ReemplaÌ?zase al final de la letra e) del inciso primero, la coma
+(,) y la conjuncioÌ?n "y", por un punto aparte (.).
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese al final de la letra f) del inciso primero, el punto
+aparte (.) por una coma (,) seguida por la conjuncioÌ?n "y".
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase en el inciso primero la siguiente letra g), nueva:
+
+
+ "g) Las demaÌ?s que establezca la reglamentacioÌ?n interna de la
+respectiva CaÌ?mara, con la autorizacioÌ?n de la Superintendencia.".
+
+
+ e) SustituÌ?yese el inciso segundo por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Los maÌ?rgenes que constituyan los clientes que operen en las bolsas
+de productos y con las CaÌ?maras de CompensacioÌ?n, cuando corresponda, para
+responder de las peÌ?rdidas que pudieran ocurrir en un contrato de futuro, de
+opciones, o de otros contratos de derivados, se podraÌ?n constituir
+transfiriendo en dominio el bien o tiÌ?tulo respectivo, actuando la Bolsa o
+CaÌ?mara, seguÌ?n corresponda, a nombre propio. Cuando fuera necesario hacer
+efectivos dichos maÌ?rgenes, la Bolsa o CaÌ?mara, seguÌ?n corresponda, los
+realizaraÌ? extrajudicialmente, actuando como senÌ?ora y duenÌ?a, pero rindiendo
+cuenta como encargada fiduciaria del cliente.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de lo indicado en el inciso precedente, seraÌ?
+aplicable, en lo que corresponda, lo dispuesto en el tiÌ?tulo XXII de la Ley
+Nº18.045, de Mercado de Valores.".
+
+
+ 14) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 28, la frase "y de
+opciones", por la siguiente: ", de opciones y otros contratos de
+derivados".".
+
+
+ 15) ElimiÌ?nase en el artiÌ?culo 32, la expresioÌ?n: "de Valores".
+
+
+ 16) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 33, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 33.- La certificacioÌ?n de conformidad de los productos que
+se transen en bolsa con los padrones establecidos en el Registro de
+Productos y con las demaÌ?s exigencias que establezca la misma bolsa, deberaÌ?
+ser realizada por entidades que cumplan las normas de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero llevaraÌ? un Registro de Entidades
+Certificadoras y practicaraÌ? la inscripcioÌ?n, previa verificacioÌ?n de los
+siguientes requisitos:
+
+
+ a) contar con las instalaciones y la capacidad teÌ?cnica
+indispensables para efectuar la certificacioÌ?n de conformidad, seguÌ?n los
+padrones establecidos en el Registro de Productos;
+
+
+ b) constituir una garantiÌ?a por el desempenÌ?o de su actividad, en los
+teÌ?rminos indicados en el artiÌ?culo 11, por un monto equivalente a 3.000
+unidades de fomento, y
+
+
+ c) la inspeccioÌ?n de los productos, asiÌ? como la certificacioÌ?n de
+conformidad que otorgue la entidad certificadora, deberaÌ?n ser suscritas por
+un profesional competente, bajo la responsabilidad de dicha entidad.
+
+
+ En aquellos rubros de productos que excedan la competencia teÌ?cnica
+del Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero y previo a la inscripcioÌ?n de la respectiva
+entidad certificadora, se deberaÌ? contar con un informe favorable del
+servicio puÌ?blico competente, relativo al cumplimiento de los requisitos
+indicados en el inciso anterior.
+
+
+ El Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero podraÌ? rechazar la solicitud
+respectiva mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada, contra la cual podraÌ?n impetrarse
+los recursos administrativos y jurisdiccionales que sean procedentes.
+Asimismo, la fiscalizacioÌ?n de las entidades certificadoras corresponderaÌ? a
+este Servicio.".
+
+
+ 17) IntercaÌ?lase a continuacioÌ?n del TiÌ?tulo VI, y previo al TiÌ?tulo
+Final, el cual se mantiene, pasando su actual artiÌ?culo 39 a ser artiÌ?culo
+40, el siguiente nuevo TiÌ?tulo VII:
+
+
+ "TIÌ?TULO VII
+
+
+ DISPOSICIONES DE ADMINISTRACIOÌ?N TRIBUTARIA.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 39.- Las operaciones sobre los productos y tiÌ?tulos que
+representen los productos, que se realicen en la bolsa, se regiraÌ?n por las
+disposiciones de este artiÌ?culo, para los efectos del decreto ley Nº825, de
+1974.
+
+
+ 1.- Las transacciones realizadas en bolsa estaraÌ?n afectas al Impuesto
+al Valor Agregado soÌ?lo cuando eÌ?stas impliquen la tradicioÌ?n del producto,
+con excepcioÌ?n de la transferencia de dominio de los productos que haga el
+propietario a favor de la bolsa mediante el endoso del certificado de
+depoÌ?sito y del vale de prenda, cuando corresponda.
+
+
+ Cuando se efectuÌ?e en bolsa la primera transaccioÌ?n de un tiÌ?tulo
+emitido sobre certificados de depoÌ?sito de productos, la bolsa registraraÌ? la
+identidad del vendedor, la especie, caracteriÌ?sticas y cantidad de los
+tiÌ?tulos transados, como tambieÌ?n los antecedentes que requiera el Servicio
+de Impuestos Internos.
+
+
+ Cuando el poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo emitido sobre certificados de
+depoÌ?sito de productos, opte por el retiro de los productos que lo
+respaldan, la bolsa emitiraÌ? una factura de venta considerando como valor
+neto aqueÌ?l determinado en la transaccioÌ?n mediante la cual el poseedor
+adquirioÌ? el tiÌ?tulo en bolsa, reajustado en la forma dispuesta en el
+artiÌ?culo 27 del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, incluyendo el Impuesto al Valor
+Agregado correspondiente, el cual estaraÌ? obligado a retener.
+
+
+ La bolsa emitiraÌ? a quien le endosoÌ? el certificado de depoÌ?sito que se
+entregaraÌ? a quien opte por el retiro de los productos, una factura de
+compra por el mismo valor del Impuesto al Valor Agregado senÌ?alado en el
+inciso anterior, entregaÌ?ndole dicho impuesto, el que constituiraÌ? deÌ?bito
+fiscal del mes de la emisioÌ?n de esa factura.
+
+
+ La emisioÌ?n de las facturas originadas en los dos incisos anteriores,
+deberaÌ? efectuarse al momento del endoso del certificado de depoÌ?sito y del
+vale de prenda, cuando corresponda, que la bolsa efectuÌ?e a favor de quien
+opte por el retiro de los productos.
+
+
+ Las demaÌ?s transacciones de tiÌ?tulos que se efectuÌ?en en la bolsa no
+estaraÌ?n afectas al Impuesto al Valor Agregado.
+
+
+ La bolsa asumiraÌ? todas las obligaciones propias de los contribuyentes
+del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, para los efectos de la emisioÌ?n de las
+facturas a que refieren los incisos anteriores, y las referidas facturas
+tendraÌ?n plena validez legal seguÌ?n lo dispuesto por dicho decreto ley.
+
+
+ En todo caso, no podraÌ? retirarse el producto del lugar en que se
+encuentre almacenado, sin antes exhibir el certificado de depoÌ?sito de
+productos y el vale de prenda respectivo, cuando corresponda, por el
+titular, debidamente endosados en dominio.
+
+
+ La realizacioÌ?n maliciosa de cualquiera maniobra, tendiente a alterar
+el verdadero monto de los creÌ?ditos, o deÌ?bitos fiscales generados en las
+operaciones respectivas, se sancionaraÌ? en la forma y de acuerdo al
+procedimiento establecido para el delito previsto en el inciso segundo del
+nuÌ?mero 4º del artiÌ?culo 97 del CoÌ?digo Tributario.
+
+
+ 2.- Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el nuÌ?mero anterior, la bolsa
+podraÌ? optar por la siguiente forma alternativa de aplicar las disposiciones
+del decreto ley Nº825, de 1974:
+
+
+ a) las transacciones realizadas en bolsa estaraÌ?n afectas al Impuesto
+al Valor Agregado soÌ?lo cuando eÌ?stas impliquen la tradicioÌ?n del producto.
+Sin embargo, el impuesto que se determine en la transferencia de los
+productos que haga el propietario a favor de la bolsa mediante el endoso
+del certificado de depoÌ?sito y del vale de prenda, cuando corresponda, se
+devengaraÌ? al momento de la primera transaccioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo respectivo,
+calculado sobre el valor de ella, debiendo la bolsa registrar la identidad
+del vendedor, la especie, caracteriÌ?sticas y cantidad de los tiÌ?tulos
+transados, como tambieÌ?n los antecedentes que requiera el Servicio de
+Impuestos Internos;
+
+
+ b) la bolsa entregaraÌ? a quien vendioÌ? por primera vez el referido
+tiÌ?tulo, el Impuesto al Valor Agregado devengado en dicha operacioÌ?n, el que
+constituiraÌ? deÌ?bito fiscal de eÌ?ste, asumiendo la bolsa por su parte,
+respecto de esta suma, todos los derechos y obligaciones que sobre el
+creÌ?dito fiscal establece el decreto ley Nº825, de 1974, y emitiraÌ? una
+factura de compra considerando como valor neto, el transado en esta
+ocasioÌ?n, maÌ?s el Impuesto al Valor Agregado;
+
+
+ c) la factura a que se refiere la letra anterior seraÌ? emitida por la
+bolsa en el mes en que se efectuoÌ? la mencionada primera transaccioÌ?n;
+
+
+ d) cuando el poseedor de un tiÌ?tulo emitido sobre certificados de
+depoÌ?sito, opte por el retiro de los productos que lo respaldan, la bolsa
+emitiraÌ? una factura de venta considerando como valor neto aquel determinado
+en la transaccioÌ?n mediante la cual el poseedor adquirioÌ? el tiÌ?tulo en bolsa,
+reajustado en la forma dispuesta en el artiÌ?culo 27 del decreto ley Nº825,
+de 1974, incluyendo el Impuesto al Valor Agregado correspondiente, el cual
+estaraÌ? obligado a retener, y que constituiraÌ? un deÌ?bito fiscal de la bolsa,
+entregando a quien opte por el retiro de los productos, junto con la
+factura respectiva, los certificados de depoÌ?sito equivalentes y los vales
+de prenda cuando corresponda, por orden de antiguÌ?edad, seguÌ?n la fecha de
+endoso a la bolsa;
+
+
+ e) en el caso de que el valor de la factura emitida, conforme lo
+dispuesto en la letra d) anterior, fuere inferior al valor de la factura
+emitida respecto del mismo certificado de depoÌ?sito, de conformidad a la
+letra a) anterior, deberaÌ? ser devuelta la diferencia de impuesto a la bolsa
+por el Servicio de TesoreriÌ?as en el plazo de treinta diÌ?as de presentada la
+solicitud, la cual deberaÌ? presentarse dentro del mes siguiente al de la
+retencioÌ?n del tributo, siempre que dicha diferencia no haya sido recuperada
+imputaÌ?ndola a los deÌ?bitos fiscales;
+
+
+ f) el reÌ?gimen optativo establecido en este nuÌ?mero podraÌ? adoptarse
+simultaÌ?neamente con el senÌ?alado en el nuÌ?mero 1 anterior, pero en relacioÌ?n a
+productos y tiÌ?tulos representativos de ellos que desde su ingreso hasta la
+salida de bolsa solamente se rijan por uno de los dos regiÌ?menes;
+
+
+ g) tanto para acreditar el menor valor de los productos a que se
+refiere la letra e), como la opcioÌ?n adoptada en la letra f), anteriores, la
+bolsa deberaÌ? llevar y mantener registros y la documentacioÌ?n suficientes, de
+acuerdo con las instrucciones que imparta el Servicio de Impuestos
+Internos, sin perjuicio de la informacioÌ?n que, al respecto, deba
+proporcionar a dicho Servicio en el plazo que eÌ?ste senÌ?ale;
+
+
+ h) seraÌ? aplicable tambieÌ?n al reÌ?gimen de este nuÌ?mero, lo dispuesto en
+los incisos sexto, seÌ?ptimo y octavo del nuÌ?mero anterior, y
+
+
+ i) la realizacioÌ?n maliciosa de cualquiera maniobra tendiente a
+alterar el verdadero monto de los creÌ?ditos o deÌ?bitos fiscales generados en
+las operaciones respectivas o el verdadero monto de la devolucioÌ?n
+establecida en la letra e) de este nuÌ?mero, se sancionaraÌ? en la forma y de
+acuerdo al procedimiento establecido para el delito previsto en el inciso
+segundo del nuÌ?mero 4º del artiÌ?culo 97 del CoÌ?digo Tributario.".
+
+
+ 18) ReemplaÌ?zase en el artiÌ?culo transitorio, la frase: "y de futuros
+de productos", por la siguiente: ", de futuro y otros contratos de
+derivados sobre productos.".
+
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones celebradas los diÌ?as 11 y 12 de junio, 3 y 10 de
+julio de 1996 y 14 de enero de 1997, con la asistencia de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ores Francisco Javier ErraÌ?zuriz Talavera (Presidente), Jaime
+Gazmuri Mujica, HernaÌ?n LarraiÌ?n FernaÌ?ndez, Enrique Larre Asenjo, Manuel
+Antonio Matta Aragay, Sergio Romero Pizarro (HernaÌ?n LarraiÌ?n FernaÌ?ndez y
+Enrique Larre Asenjo) y Gabriel ValdeÌ?s Subercaseaux (Manuel Antonio Matta
+Aragay).
+
+
+ Y en sesiones celebradas los diÌ?as 10, 17 y 31 de octubre de 2001 y 9
+y 23 de enero de 2002, con la asistencia de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores Sergio Romero Pizarro (Presidente), Marco Cariola Barroilhet
+(Francisco Prat Alemparte), HernaÌ?n LarraiÌ?n FernaÌ?ndez (Sergio FernaÌ?ndez
+FernaÌ?ndez), Manuel Antonio Matta Aragay (Jorge Lavandero Illanes) y Rafael
+Moreno Rojas.
+
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 23 de enero de 2002.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ XIMENA BELMAR STEGMANN
+
+ Secretario de la
+ComisioÌ?n
+
+
+
+INDICE
+
+
+
+1.- Antecedentes Generales 3
+
+
+2.- DiscusioÌ?n General 8
+
+
+3.- AprobacioÌ?n General 18
+
+
+4.- DiscusioÌ?n Particular 43
+
+
+5.- CapiÌ?tulo de Modificaciones 65
+
+
+6.- Texto del Proyecto 74
+
+
+7.- Sesiones celebradas 84
+
+
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A.
+
+
+
+ I. BOLETIN Nº: 1.640-01.
+
+
+
+ MATERIA: Proyecto de ley que regula el establecimiento de bolsas de
+productos agropecuarios.
+
+
+ III. ORIGEN: Mensaje de Su Excelencia el senÌ?or Presidente de la
+ RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+ IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Segundo traÌ?mite.
+
+
+
+ V. APROBACION POR LA CAMARA DE DIPUTADOS: unaÌ?nime.
+
+
+
+ VI. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: el 14 de mayo de 1.996.
+
+
+
+ VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Primer informe, discusioÌ?n general y
+ particular.
+
+
+
+ VIII. URGENCIA: simple
+
+
+
+ LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA MATERIA:
+
+
+ - Ley Nº 19.220, que regula el establecimiento de Bolsas de Productos
+ Agropecuarios, de 31 de mayo de 1993.
+
+
+
+ - Ley Nº18.045, sobre Mercado de Valores, de 22 de octubre de 1981.
+
+
+
+ - Ley Nº18.046, sobre Sociedades AnoÌ?nimas, de 22 de octubre de 1981.
+
+
+
+ - Ley Nº19.301, que modifica diversos cuerpos legales relativos a
+ mercado de valores, administracioÌ?n de fondos mutuos, fondos de
+ inversioÌ?n, fondos de pensiones, companÌ?iÌ?as de seguros y otras materias
+ que senÌ?ala, de 19 de marzo de 1994.
+
+
+
+ - Decreto ley Nº1.606, de 1976, que reemplaza el texto del decreto
+ley Nº825, de 1974, sobre Impuesto a las Ventas y Servicios.
+
+
+
+ - Ley Nº18.112, que dicta normas sobre prenda sin desplazamiento, de
+ 16 de abril de 1982.
+
+
+
+ - Ley Nº18.755, que establece normas sobre el Servicio AgriÌ?cola y
+ Ganadero, de 7 de enero de 1989.
+
+
+
+ - Decreto ley Nº3.538, de 1980, que crea la Superintendencia de
+ Valores y Seguros.
+
+
+
+ - Decreto Supremo Nº511, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y
+ ReconstruccioÌ?n, de 1980, que fija el texto refundido, coordinado y
+ sistematizado del decreto ley Nº211 que fijoÌ? normas para la defensa
+ de la libre competencia.
+
+
+ X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO: Consta de un artiÌ?culo uÌ?nico,
+ que se desglosa en 18 literales.
+
+
+
+ PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISION:
+
+
+Asimila la operacioÌ?n de bolsa de productos agropecuarios a las normas de la
+ley Nº 19.301, que modifica diversos cuerpos legales relativos a mercados
+de valores, administracioÌ?n de fondos mutuos, fondos de inversioÌ?n, fondos de
+pensiones, companÌ?iÌ?as de seguros y otras materias que senÌ?ala.
+
+
+Elimina la restriccioÌ?n al corretaje de productos por cuenta propia y el
+requisito de antiguÌ?edad para ejercer dicha funcioÌ?n, estableciendo, como
+contrapartida la exigencia de un patrimonio miÌ?nimo para los corredores que
+ejerzan el corretaje por cuenta propia, entregando, a la Superintendencia
+de Valores y Seguros, la definicioÌ?n de las condiciones miÌ?nimas de solvencia
+patrimonial.
+
+
+AmpliÌ?a el nuÌ?mero de productos susceptibles de ser transados en bolsa y
+extiende la gama potencial de instrumentos negociables al amparo de las
+bolsas de productos.
+
+
+Faculta a las bolsas para constituir o pertenecer a una caÌ?mara de
+compensacioÌ?n, eliminando la obligatoriedad impuesta por la legislacioÌ?n
+vigente.
+
+
+Regula el pago del IVA respecto de las operaciones de la Bolsa,
+estableciendo al efecto un sistema alternativo de administracioÌ?n
+tributaria.
+
+
+ XII. NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL: Ninguna
+
+
+
+ XIII. ACUERDOS: AprobacioÌ?n general y particular: unaÌ?nime (3-0)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ValparaiÌ?so, 24 de enero de 2002.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ximena Belmar Stegmann
+
+ Secretario.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ INFORME DE LA COMISIOÌ?N DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y BIENES
+ NACIONALES recaiÌ?do en el proyecto de ley, en
+ segundo traÌ?mite constitucional, sobre proteccioÌ?n
+ de los animales.
+
+ BOLETIÌ?N Nº 1721-12
+
+ --------------------------------------------------
+ ----------
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Honorable Senado:
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n de Medio Ambiente y Bienes Nacionales tiene el honor
+de informaros el proyecto de ley de la referencia, en segundo traÌ?mite
+constitucional e iniciado en MocioÌ?n de las Honorables Diputadas senÌ?oras
+Isabel Allende y MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi y de los Honorables Diputados
+senÌ?ores Exequiel Silva, Victor Reyes, Francisco Encina, Mario AcunÌ?a,
+Alejandro Navarro, Pedro Alvarez-Salamanca, Gutenberg MartiÌ?nez y Nelson
+AÌ?vila.
+
+
+ Asistieron a las sesiones en que la ComisioÌ?n analizoÌ? este proyecto el
+H. Diputado senÌ?or Exequiel Silva; el senÌ?or Fiscal del Servicio AgriÌ?cola y
+Ganadero, don Pablo Wilson, el senÌ?or Vicepresidente del Colegio MeÌ?dico
+Veterinario de Chile, don Luis Godoy OyarzuÌ?n; el senÌ?or Presidente de la
+CorporacioÌ?n de Ayuda y ProteccioÌ?n al Animal Desvalido, don Juan Carlos
+Esguep y el Abogado don Alberto CorteÌ?s N.
+
+
+ Concurrieron, ademaÌ?s los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Jorge
+MartiÌ?nez y Hossain Sabag.
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Cabe hacer presente que, en opinioÌ?n de vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n, el artiÌ?culo 18 del proyecto que sometemos a vuestra consideracioÌ?n
+deberaÌ? ser aprobado con el quoÌ?rum requerido para las normas orgaÌ?nico
+constitucionales, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 74 de la
+Carta Fundamental y al artiÌ?culo 16 de la ley Nº 18.918, OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional del Congreso Nacional.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+
+ DISCUSION GENERAL
+
+
+1 Antecedentes
+
+
+ I.- De la MocioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La iniciativa en anaÌ?lisis se fundamenta en la necesidad de dictar un
+texto legal marco que regule la proteccioÌ?n de los animales, por cuanto se
+estima que la legislacioÌ?n actual es insuficiente y no se compadece con el
+bienestar de los animales, ni con las costumbres de un pueblo civilizado, a
+juicio de los autores de la mocioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Entre los considerandos de la mocioÌ?n, se expresa que el tema es un
+asunto de suyo controvertido, no obstante, sin discurrir entre las diversas
+corrientes morales, filosoÌ?ficas o juriÌ?dicas, que oscilan desde el extremo
+de quienes afirman que los animales tienen derechos hasta quienes los
+reputan como cosas, existe consenso en afirmar que siÌ? existe una igualdad
+moral que el ser humano debe a los animales, basado principalmente en la
+capacidad de sufrimiento que poseen eÌ?stos uÌ?ltimos.
+
+
+ De esta manera el proyecto tiene como objetivo principal fijar el
+marco juriÌ?dico bajo el cual amparar a todos los animales, ya que si bien
+algunos grupos ecologistas han prestado atencioÌ?n al tema, su lucha se ha
+orientado a defender la vida salvaje y la conservacioÌ?n de las especies en
+viÌ?as de extincioÌ?n.
+
+
+ De igual modo, las organizaciones que intentan proteger a los
+animales, han manifestado una preocupacioÌ?n parcial toda vez que su accionar
+ha estado destinado fundamentalmente a la proteccioÌ?n de perros y gatos,
+quedando el resto de los animales en una situacioÌ?n desmedrada.
+
+
+ Es necesario destacar que nuestro paiÌ?s debe modernizar su legislacioÌ?n
+en la materia con el propoÌ?sito, entre otros, de participar convenientemente
+en los procesos de integracioÌ?n que se estaÌ?n llevando a cabo a traveÌ?s de la
+celebracioÌ?n de convenios internacionales bilaterales, ya que estos temas
+son altamente sensibles en los paiÌ?ses desarrollados.
+
+
+ Al respecto, es dable mencionar la gran importancia que la comunidad
+cientiÌ?fica internacional otorga a todo lo que dice relacioÌ?n con la
+experimentacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En nuestro paiÌ?s han existido algunos intentos por legislar sobre la
+materia que no han logrado concretarse. Entre ellos cabe citar los
+siguientes:
+
+
+ El primero, lo constituye un proyecto de ley presentado en la CaÌ?mara
+de Diputados en el anÌ?o 1962 y en el cual se senÌ?alaba que "Chile es uno de
+los pocos paiÌ?ses civilizados que auÌ?n carece de una ley de proteccioÌ?n de los
+animales, mientras que en Europa existen tales leyes desde hace maÌ?s de cien
+anÌ?os".
+
+
+ Entre los antecedentes de dicha iniciativa se incluye una cita del
+Papa PiÌ?o XII, que indica que "la crueldad para con los animales debe ser
+necesariamente condenada, porque, ademaÌ?s de ser perjudicial al desarrollo
+de los sentimientos racionales del hombre, endurece y hace insensible al
+sufrimiento el corazoÌ?n humano".
+
+
+ El citado proyecto contemplaba una larga enumeracioÌ?n de hechos
+constitutivos del delito de crueldad para con los animales, estableciendo
+penas y normas de procedimiento.
+
+
+ El proyecto fue aprobado por la CaÌ?mara de Diputados el 24 de enero de
+1973 y fue remitido al Senado, donde se encontraba en tramitacioÌ?n al
+momento de ser disuelto el Congreso Nacional.
+
+
+ Otro antecedente que debe mencionarse es el anteproyecto elaborado
+por el Ministerio de Justicia en el anÌ?o 1977, el cual se inspira en los
+mismos fundamentos del proyecto del anÌ?o 1962.
+
+
+ El citado proyecto fue remitido en el anÌ?o 1980 a la Junta de
+Gobierno, y no terminoÌ? su tramitacioÌ?n legislativa, debido a las criÌ?ticas
+que se le formularon, especialmente a su artiÌ?culo 1º, que castigaba a quien
+realizare actos de crueldad con un animal, sin establecer una enumeracioÌ?n
+de las conductas, por lo que fue considerado una ley penal en blanco.
+
+
+ La uÌ?nica iniciativa legal que se materializoÌ? fue la ley Nº 18.859,
+publicada en el Diario Oficial de 29 de noviembre de 1989, mediante la cual
+se incorporoÌ? un artiÌ?culo 291 bis en el CoÌ?digo Penal, ubicado en el paÌ?rrafo
+9 del TiÌ?tulo VI del Libro II, que establece los delitos relativos a la
+salud animal y vegetal. La norma en comento dispone que el que cometiere
+actos de maltrato o crueldad con los animales, seraÌ? castigado con la pena
+de presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo y multa de uno a diez ingresos miÌ?nimos
+mensuales o soÌ?lo a esta uÌ?ltima.
+
+
+
+ II.- Fundamentos de la MocioÌ?n
+
+
+ El proyecto tiene por objeto establecer una
+normativa legal respecto de la proteccioÌ?n de los animales, en concordancia
+con los principios que existen en los paiÌ?ses desarrollados sobre la
+preservacioÌ?n del medio ambiente, su entorno y tambieÌ?n la armoniÌ?a que debe
+existir entre la naturaleza y el mundo animal.
+
+
+ La iniciativa establece la proteccioÌ?n de los
+animales desde la perspectiva de los actos humanos susceptibles de
+provocarles dolor, padecimientos, angustia u otros efectos adversos a su
+integridad fiÌ?sica y siÌ?quica, a partir de la perspectiva de lo que podriÌ?a
+denominarse "el bienestar animal".
+
+
+ Para ello se parte de la base de que los animales
+deben ser cuidados de manera tal que sus funciones corporales y su
+comportamiento no sean alterados, y sus capacidades de adaptacioÌ?n no sean
+sometidas a prueba de manera excesiva. Es asiÌ? como el proyecto dispone que
+toda persona que se ocupa de un animal debe cuidarlo y proporcionarle
+alimento y albergue adecuados, de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada
+especie.
+
+
+ El proyecto, ademaÌ?s, establece las normas sobre
+proteccioÌ?n, alimentacioÌ?n, cuidado, albergue, libertad de movimiento,
+sistemas de estabulacioÌ?n, comercio, y uso de animales destinados al
+espectaÌ?culo o exhibicioÌ?n, a fines publicitarios, intervenciones,
+experiencia y sacrificio de los mismos.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se crea un ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica, que tendraÌ?
+por finalidad fijar los criterios que permitan determinar las modalidades
+de las experiencias en animales vivos.
+
+
+ Asimismo, se tipifican las conductas que constituyen
+actos de crueldad con los animales, se establece la penalidad
+correspondiente a la comisioÌ?n de tales actos y se establecen las normas de
+procedimiento.
+
+
+ Las disposiciones transitorias reglamentan el plazo
+para la constitucioÌ?n del ComiteÌ? de BiÌ?oeÌ?tica, la dictacioÌ?n del reglamento y
+la aplicacioÌ?n gradual de las normas que regulan las instalaciones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ III. Antecedentes Legales.
+
+
+ Para un adecuado anaÌ?lisis del proyecto es necesario
+considerar los siguientes antecedentes legales:
+
+
+ a) Ley Nº 18.859, que modificoÌ? el Libro II "CriÌ?menes y Simples
+Delitos y sus Penas, TiÌ?tulo VI, PaÌ?rrafo 9", "Delitos relativos a la salud
+animal y vegetal" del CoÌ?digo Penal, incorporando un artiÌ?culo 291 bis que
+senÌ?ala:
+
+
+ "El que cometiere actos de maltrato o crueldad con los animales, seraÌ?
+castigado con la pena de presidio menor en su grado miÌ?nimo y multa de uno a
+diez ingresos miÌ?nimos mensuales o soÌ?lo a eÌ?sta uÌ?ltima."
+
+
+ b) Ley Nº 19.473, que sustituyoÌ? la ley Nº 4.601, sobre caza.
+
+
+ Esta normativa se aplica a la caza, captura, crianza, conservacioÌ?n y
+utilizacioÌ?n sustentable de animales de la fauna silvestre, con excepcioÌ?n de
+las especies y recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos, cuya preservacioÌ?n se rige por la
+Ley Nº 18.892, General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 8º de este cuerpo legal establece que la caza soÌ?lo podraÌ?
+practicarse previa obtencioÌ?n de un permiso de caza expedido por el Servicio
+AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero y con la autorizacioÌ?n expresa del duenÌ?o de la
+propiedad, en conformidad con los artiÌ?culos 609 y 610 del CoÌ?digo Civil.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de los antecedentes anteriores, vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega (Presidente), prestoÌ? su aprobacioÌ?n a
+la idea de legislar en la materia.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ DISCUSION PARTICULAR
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n se efectuÌ?a una breve descripcioÌ?n de
+los artiÌ?culos que conforman la iniciativa, y los acuerdos adoptados en cada
+caso por la ComisioÌ?n a su respecto.
+
+
+
+ TITULO I
+
+ Objetivo y aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala el objetivo de la ley, cual es el de
+establecer normas destinadas a proteger, respetar, conocer y dar un trato
+adecuado a los animales, con el fin de evitarles sufrimientos innecesarios.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n concordoÌ? con el objetivo propuesto,
+anÌ?adiendo que la proteccioÌ?n otorgada a los animales, obedece a su condicioÌ?n
+de "seres vivos y parte de la naturaleza".
+
+
+ A proposicioÌ?n del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, se acordoÌ?
+dejar constancia en el informe que el sufrimiento comprende tanto el danÌ?o
+fiÌ?sico como el danÌ?o moral.
+
+
+ - Con las modificaciones senÌ?aladas, fue aprobado por la unanimidad de
+los miembros presentes de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath,
+Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ Establece el aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n de la ley,
+prescribiendo que eÌ?ste comprende a los animales vertebrados.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? que la presente normativa debe
+aplicarse tambieÌ?n a aquellos animales invertebrados que establezca el
+reglamento, atendido que ciertos invertebrados poseen un sistema nervioso
+que los hace susceptibles al dolor.
+
+
+ En atencioÌ?n a que diversas normas del proyecto
+efectuÌ?an distinciones referidas a la categoriÌ?a de los animales, la ComisioÌ?n
+acordoÌ? incorporar un inciso tercero, nuevo, que dispone que el reglamento
+definiraÌ? las distintas categoriÌ?as de animales domeÌ?sticos, silvestre y de
+experimentacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n especie.
+
+
+ - Con la modificacioÌ?n citada, fue aprobado por la
+unanimidad de los miembros presentes de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+ 1.1.1 TITULO II
+
+
+ De la proteccioÌ?n de los animales en general.
+
+2
+
+3 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ Obliga a quien tiene a su cargo un animal, a
+cualquier tiÌ?tulo, a cuidarlo y proporcionarle alimento y albergue
+adecuados, de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada especie y a los
+antecedentes aportados por la ciencia y la experiencia.
+
+
+ Asimismo, establece que la libertad de movimiento de
+los animales no debe ser impedida de manera innecesaria, especialmente si
+ello les ocasionare sufrimiento.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? que en el cumplimiento de la
+obligacioÌ?n senÌ?alada en el inciso primero, tambieÌ?n se tuviera presente la
+categoriÌ?a a la cual pertenece el animal; en lo relativo al inciso segundo,
+acordoÌ? establecer que la libertad de movimiento de los animales tampoco
+puede impedirse cuando ello produciere una "alteracioÌ?n de su normal
+desarrollo".
+
+
+ - Con las enmiendas indicadas, el artiÌ?culo se aproboÌ?
+por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath,
+Stange y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+4 ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+
+ Dispone que las instalaciones que se empleen para el
+albergue y transporte de animales deberaÌ?n reunir las condiciones que eviten
+el maltrato o deterioro de su salud, adoptaÌ?ndose las medidas adecuadas
+seguÌ?n la especie y medio de transporte de que se trate.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? apropiado establecer en inciso
+aparte lo relativo a los sistemas de estabulacioÌ?n, albergue y transporte de
+los animales, estableciendo la obligatoriedad de que eÌ?stos uÌ?ltimos cuenten
+con la certificacioÌ?n de la autoridad competente.
+
+
+ Asimismo, acordoÌ? consignar en un inciso tercero,
+nuevo, que corresponderaÌ? al reglamento regular estas materias, seguÌ?n la
+especie, categoriÌ?a y animales de que se trate.
+
+
+ - Con las modificaciones senÌ?aladas, se aproboÌ? por la
+unanimidad de los miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange
+y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+5
+
+6 ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+
+ Dispone que el funcionamiento de circos, parques
+zooloÌ?gicos y otros lugares destinados al espectaÌ?culo o exhibicioÌ?n de los
+animales; de establecimientos destinados a la produccioÌ?n industrial de
+animales y sus productos; de locales comerciales de ventas de animales; de
+establecimientos de atencioÌ?n veterinaria, al adiestramiento, concurso y
+hospedajes de animales, estaraÌ? sujeto a las disposiciones de esta ley, los
+que, ademaÌ?s, deberaÌ?n contar con las instalaciones adecuadas a las
+respectivas especies y reducir al miÌ?nimo el riesgo de deterioro en su salud
+y el maltrato.
+
+
+ - Con modificaciones de caraÌ?cter formal, fue
+aprobado por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo III
+
+ De la educacioÌ?n para la proteccioÌ?n de los animales
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala que los programas y textos de ensenÌ?anza
+baÌ?sica y media procuraraÌ?n inculcar en el estudiante el sentido de respeto y
+proteccioÌ?n a los animales.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria de modificar la redaccioÌ?n
+de la norma, acordando aludir al proceso educativo, en sus diversos
+niveles, - en reemplazo de los programas y textos de estudios como lo
+expresa el proyecto de la H. CaÌ?mara de Diputados- el que a traveÌ?s de sus
+programas y transmisioÌ?n de conocimientos deberaÌ? inculcar en el educando el
+respeto y proteccioÌ?n a los animales.
+
+
+ - Con la modificacioÌ?n resenÌ?ada, se aproboÌ? por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange
+y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo IV (Pasa a ser TiÌ?tulo V)
+
+7 De las intervenciones animales vivos
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 9º)
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala que para los efectos de esta ley, se entiende
+por intervenciones en animales vivos, toda utilizacioÌ?n de eÌ?stos con la
+finalidad de verificar experimentalmente una hipoÌ?tesis cientiÌ?fica, estudiar
+su comportamiento, probar un producto, producir sustancias de uso meÌ?dico o
+bioloÌ?gico, detectar fenoÌ?menos o sus efectos y realizar demostraciones
+docentes.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? sustituir la expresioÌ?n "intervenciones" por
+"experiencias", ya que la primera se restringe semaÌ?nticamente soÌ?lo a
+meÌ?todos quiruÌ?rgicos. Asimismo, acordoÌ? efectuar modificaciones de caraÌ?cter
+formal a la norma.
+
+
+ - Con las modificaciones senÌ?aladas, se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de
+sus miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 8º (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 10).
+
+
+ PreceptuÌ?a que las experiencias en animales vivos soÌ?lo podraÌ?
+efectuarse por personal calificado y en instalaciones adecuadas,
+limitaÌ?ndose la realizacioÌ?n de las mismas a los fines senÌ?alados en el
+artiÌ?culo anterior, evitaÌ?ndose al maÌ?ximo su padecimiento.
+
+
+ Asimismo, el inciso segundo establece la prohibicioÌ?n de utilizar el
+dolor como medio de experimentacioÌ?n animal.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? sustituir el vocablo "intervenciones" por
+"experiencias", y en relacioÌ?n al inciso segundo acordoÌ? que tal prohibicioÌ?n
+se extienda a aquellas situaciones en que el objetivo buscado no pueda ser
+obtenido por otro medio.
+
+
+ - Con las modificaciones resenÌ?adas y otras de caraÌ?cter formal, se
+aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Horvath, Stange y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo IV
+
+ Del ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente que los artiÌ?culos 9º y 10 (que pasan a
+ser 7º y 8º, respectivamente) se ubiquen bajo el epiÌ?grafe IV del ComiteÌ? de
+BioeÌ?tica, nuevo.
+
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 9º (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 7º).
+
+
+ Establece la existencia de un ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica Animal de caraÌ?cter
+permanente, al que corresponderaÌ? definir las directrices bajo las que
+podraÌ?n efectuarse las intervenciones en animales vivos, absolver las
+consultas que se le consulten al efecto y coordinarse con las instituciones
+involucradas en la materia.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? ampliar el aÌ?mbito de accioÌ?n del ComiteÌ?, senÌ?alando
+que a eÌ?ste le corresponderaÌ? tambieÌ?n elaborar, estudiar y proponer las
+poliÌ?ticas y normas que permitan la aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley.
+
+
+ - Con las modificaciones indicadas, se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de
+los miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10 (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 8º)
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala la integracioÌ?n del ComiteÌ?, el que se compondraÌ? de las
+siguientes personas:
+
+
+ a) Dos acadeÌ?micos designados por el Consejo de Rectores de las
+Universidades Chilenas.
+
+
+ b) Un cientiÌ?fico nombrado por el Director del Instituto de Salud
+PuÌ?blica de Chile.
+
+
+ c) Un investigador nombrado por el Presidente del Instituto de
+Investigaciones Agropecuarias.
+
+
+ d) Un cientiÌ?fico nombrado por el Presidente de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional
+de InvestigacioÌ?n CientiÌ?fica y TecnoloÌ?gica.
+
+
+ e) Un representante de la AsociacioÌ?n Gremial de MeÌ?dicos Veterinarios
+maÌ?s antigua del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ f) Un representante de las instituciones de proteccioÌ?n a los animales
+que cuenten con personalidad juriÌ?dica y representatividad nacional,
+designado por ellas.
+
+
+ Los senÌ?alados miembros se desempenÌ?araÌ?n ad honorem, otorgando al
+ComiteÌ? la facultad de fijar su reÌ?gimen de organizacioÌ?n y funcionamiento.
+
+
+ Se estimoÌ? conveniente por parte de la ComisioÌ?n aumentar a dos el
+nuÌ?mero de representantes de las entidades de proteccioÌ?n a los animales a
+que se refiere la letra f).
+
+
+ - Con la modificacioÌ?n senÌ?alada, se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 11
+
+
+ Prohibe realizar intervenciones en animales vivos en los niveles
+baÌ?sico y medio de la ensenÌ?anza, en tanto que en la educacioÌ?n superior, las
+autoriza soÌ?lo cuando sean indispensables y no puedan ser reemplazadas por
+la experiencia acumulada u otros meÌ?todos para los fines de formacioÌ?n que se
+persigan.
+
+
+ Respecto a las experiencias con fines de investigacioÌ?n cientiÌ?fica las
+autoriza cuando la informacioÌ?n o hipoÌ?tesis que la sustente no pueda ser
+obtenida por otros medios.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? sustituir la expresioÌ?n "intervenciones" por
+"experiencias" las veces que aparece en la norma.
+
+
+ - Con la modificacioÌ?n resenÌ?ada se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+
+8
+
+9
+
+10 ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+
+ Dispone que las intervenciones quiruÌ?rgicas en animales que
+necesariamente importen el uso de anestesia o medicacioÌ?n deberaÌ?n ser
+practicadas por un meÌ?dico veterinario. En el evento que no se pueda contar
+con el auxilio de dicho profesional, su inciso segundo autoriza,
+extraordinariamente, para que otra persona que tenga los conocimientos
+necesarios para ello efectuÌ?e la intervencioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? prescindible que el suministro de medicacioÌ?n lo
+efectuÌ?e un profesional, toda vez que conlleva un problema de costos para
+quien tiene a su cargo un animal.
+
+
+ Asimismo, consideroÌ? que la norma del inciso segundo consigna
+situaciones difiÌ?ciles de probar, debiendo por tanto estarse a las reglas
+generales sobre eximentes de responsabilidad, motivoÌ? por el cual acordoÌ?
+proponer su eliminacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Con las enmiendas indicadas se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+
+11 ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+
+ Prescribe que los proyectos de investigacioÌ?n u otros estudios que
+involucren intervenciones en animales vivos deberaÌ?n cumplir con las normas
+establecidas en este tiÌ?tulo.
+
+
+ Por la misma razoÌ?n consignada al analizar el artiÌ?culo 7º, la ComisioÌ?n
+acordoÌ? reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "intervenciones" por "experiencias".
+
+
+ - Con la modificacioÌ?n resenÌ?ada fue aprobado por la unanimidad de los
+miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+12
+
+
+13
+
+
+
+14
+
+15 TITULO V (Pasa a ser tiÌ?tulo VI)
+
+ Del beneficio y sacrificio de los animales
+
+
+
+16 ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala que en las praÌ?cticas de sacrificio de animales deberaÌ?n
+emplearse meÌ?todos racionales tendientes a evitarles sufrimientos
+innecesarios.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? con una modificacioÌ?n de caraÌ?cter formal por la unanimidad
+de sus miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y
+Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+17 ArtiÌ?culo 15
+
+
+ Consigna que los establecimientos industriales no regulados por la
+ley Nº 19.162, - que establece sistema obligatorio de clasificacioÌ?n de
+ganado, tipificacioÌ?n y nomenclatura de sus carnes y regula funcionamiento
+de mataderos, frigoriÌ?ficos y establecimientos de la industria de la carne
+-, destinados al beneficio de animales que provean de carne, pieles, plumas
+u otros productos deberaÌ?n emplear procedimientos que aseguren su muerte
+indolora.
+
+
+ Por una parte, la norma tiene por finalidad precaver interpretaciones
+en cuanto a las normas aplicables a los establecimientos regidos por la ley
+Nº 19.162, que continuaraÌ?n sujetos a ella, y, por la otra, obligar a los
+establecimientos industriales no considerados en ella a utilizar meÌ?todos
+indoloros de conformidad a las normas que determine el reglamento.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? sin modificaciones por la unanimidad de sus miembros HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VI (Pasa a ser tiÌ?tulo VII)
+
+ Prohibiciones especiales, sanciones y procedimientos
+
+
+
+18 ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ Tipifica aquellas conductas que, para los efectos previstos en el
+artiÌ?culo 291 bis del CoÌ?digo Penal, constituyen actos de crueldad con los
+animales, a saber:
+
+
+ a) Hacer trabajar a un animal en condiciones inapropiadas o
+exigirle esfuerzos excesivos, en relacioÌ?n con su especie, raza, edad y
+condicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ b) Provocar rinÌ?as de animales y promover o practicar espectaÌ?culos
+que impliquen su maltrato, grave deterioro de la salud o su muerte.
+
+
+ c) Remover, destruir o alterar cualquier miembro, oÌ?rgano o
+apeÌ?ndice de un animal por causas distintas de las propiamente veterinarias,
+de manejo pecuario o control poblacional.
+
+
+ d) Aplicar procedimientos, incluida la administracioÌ?n de
+sustancias, que modifiquen las capacidades fiÌ?sicas o conductuales de los
+animales en actividades deportivas.
+
+
+ e) Emplear instrumentos o sustancias que provoquen en los animales
+la muerte por asfixia en estado de conciencia.
+
+
+ f) Someter a un animal a praÌ?cticas que importen bestialidad.
+
+
+ g) Abandonar a un animal.
+
+
+ h) Ejecutar intervenciones en animales vivos fuera de los casos y
+formas establecidas en los artiÌ?culos 8º,11 y 12.
+
+
+ i) Emitir maliciosamente certificados en que se falsee la calidad
+o condicioÌ?n real de un animal, exponieÌ?ndolo a la contingencia de un danÌ?o.
+
+
+ El inciso final preceptuÌ?a que si cualquiera de los actos delictuosos
+tuviera asignada una pena mayor a la establecida en al artiÌ?culo 291 del
+CoÌ?digo Penal, se aplicaraÌ? al culpable la pena asignada al delito sancionado
+maÌ?s severamente.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? reemplazar en la letra e) la expresioÌ?n "por
+asfixia" por "con sufrimiento"; y reemplazar en la letra h) la palabra
+"intervenciones" por "experiencia" y la referencia al artiÌ?culo "8º" por
+artiÌ?culo "10".
+
+
+ A proposicioÌ?n del H. Senador senÌ?or Horvath la ComisioÌ?n introdujo una
+letra j), nueva, que establece como iliÌ?cito promover en publicaciones o
+medios de comunicacioÌ?n praÌ?cticas de crueldad o maltrato de animales.
+
+
+ Cabe destacar que en el seno de la ComisioÌ?n existioÌ? consenso en torno
+a un planteamiento efectuado por el H. Senador senÌ?or Moreno en cuanto a que
+la normativa del proyecto y particularmente, aquellas normas consignadas en
+las letras a), b) y d) del artiÌ?culo en anaÌ?lisis no deben permitir que se
+infiera que eÌ?stas regularaÌ?n ciertos deportes nacionales de arraigo popular,
+motivo por el cual se aproboÌ? una indicacioÌ?n del H. Senador senÌ?or Romero del
+tenor que se indicaraÌ? en el artiÌ?culo 21, nuevo, que se somete a vuestra
+consideracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Con las modificaciones resenÌ?adas se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+19 ArtiÌ?culo 17
+
+
+ Establece que la reincidencia en los delitos senÌ?alados seraÌ?
+sancionada de acuerdo a las reglas generales, disponiendo que si el
+reincidente fuere el duenÌ?o del animal agredido, se aplicaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, como
+medida de seguridad la guarda de la especie en una institucioÌ?n de
+proteccioÌ?n a los animales, a su costa.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de sus miembros HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+ 19.1.1 ArtiÌ?culo 18
+
+
+ Otorga competencia a los jueces de letras del crimen para conocer de
+los delitos de maltrato o crueldad para con los animales, aplicaÌ?ndose en
+los procesos a que dieren lugar estos delitos las normas del CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal. No obstante ello, se establece expresamente que la
+prueba se apreciaraÌ? en conciencia.
+
+
+ Asimismo, faculta al tribunal para decretar algunas de estas medidas:
+a) Ordenar que el animal objeto del delito sea retirado del poder del
+inculpado para ser colocado al cuidado de una persona natural o juriÌ?dica
+que se designe al efecto; y b) Disponer el tratamiento veterinario del
+animal afectado y, en casos calificados, ordenar el sacrificio del animal
+en los teÌ?rminos del artiÌ?culo 14. Estas medidas se llevaraÌ?n a cabo
+provisionalmente a costa del procesado.
+
+
+ Finalmente, se otorga privilegio de pobreza a las instituciones de
+proteccioÌ?n animal que cuenten con personalidad juriÌ?dica.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente consignar en el inciso primero que
+tiene competencia para conocer de estos delitos el juez de letras del
+crimen donde se cometioÌ? el iliÌ?cito.
+
+
+ - Con la modificacioÌ?n senÌ?alada se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, MartiÌ?nez (Stange) y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+20 ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+ Dispone que la infraccioÌ?n de las normas establecidas en los
+artiÌ?culos 5º y 15 y las relacionadas con el transporte de animales, seraÌ?
+sancionada con multa de una a cincuenta unidades tributarias mensuales,
+pudiendo elevarse al doble en caso de reincidencia, sin perjuicio de la
+clausura del establecimiento.
+
+
+ La fiscalizacioÌ?n del cumplimiento de las citadas normas se
+entrega al Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero, aplicaÌ?ndose como procedimiento de
+sancioÌ?n y reclamo, el contenido en el paÌ?rrafo IV, TiÌ?tulo I, de la ley Nº
+18.755.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria de consignar expresamente que en el
+caso de recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos la fiscalizacioÌ?n de las senÌ?aladas normas
+la efectuaraÌ? el Servicio Nacional de Pesca.
+
+
+ - Con la senÌ?alada enmienda se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, MartiÌ?nez (Stange) y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20 (nuevo)
+
+
+ Hubo consenso en el seno de la ComisioÌ?n en orden a otorgar accioÌ?n
+puÌ?blica para denunciar las infracciones contempladas en esta ley, para ello
+se acordoÌ? introducir un artiÌ?culo 20 nuevo del tenor que se consigna en el
+texto sometido a vuestra consideracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Horvath, MartiÌ?nez (Stange) y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21 (nuevo)
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Romero formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para exceptuar de la
+aplicacioÌ?n de esta normativa a aquellos deportes ecuestres criollos
+tradicionales cuyo origen se encuentra en el mundo rural, entendieÌ?ndose por
+tales el rodeo, las corridas de vaca y el movimiento a la rienda, los
+cuales se encuentran reglamentados por disposiciones estatutarias propias
+que sancionan severamente el maltrato de los animales con los que se
+practican estos deportes.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n coincidioÌ? con la indicacioÌ?n formulada, acordando agregar
+una norma en virtud de la cual se senÌ?ala que los mencionados deportes
+continuaraÌ?n rigieÌ?ndose por las disposiciones estatutarias y reglamentarias
+de la FederacioÌ?n del Rodeo Chileno y el Reglamento de Corridas de Vaca y
+Movimientos a la Rienda.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VII (Pasa a ser TiÌ?tulo VIII)
+
+
+21 Disposiciones generales
+
+
+22 ArtiÌ?culo 20 (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 22).
+
+
+ Enumera aquellas materias que deberaÌ? comprender el
+reglamento, a saber:
+
+
+Las condiciones sanitarias, estructurales y de seguridad miÌ?nimas que
+deberaÌ?n cumplir los medios de transporte de animales.
+
+
+ b) Las caracteriÌ?sticas estructurales y las
+condiciones ambientales miÌ?nimas que deberaÌ?n contemplar las instalaciones
+destinadas a la mantencioÌ?n de los animales en circos, parques zooloÌ?gicos y
+los demaÌ?s lugares a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 5º de esta ley.
+
+
+ c) Los paraÌ?metros maÌ?ximos aplicables a aquellos
+trabajos de los animales que puedan significarles un trabajo excesivo en
+relacioÌ?n con su especie, raza, edad y condicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ d) Los meÌ?todos aplicables al beneficio de animales
+de distintas especies en los establecimientos industriales no regulados por
+la ley Nº 19.162.
+
+
+ e) El tipo de sustancias cuyo uso queda prohibido
+en los animales, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 16,
+letras d) y e).
+
+
+ f) Las condiciones miÌ?nimas que deberaÌ?n cumplirse
+para la ejecucioÌ?n de los animales vivos.
+
+
+ No merecioÌ? observaciones, acordaÌ?ndose efectuar
+modificaciones de referencia al texto nuevo que se somete a vuestra
+consideracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? con modificaciones formales por la
+unanimidad de los miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange
+y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 22
+
+ Establece la exigencia que en las cliÌ?nicas y centros
+de atencioÌ?n veterinaria, tanto en su direccioÌ?n como en las praÌ?cticas que
+alliÌ? se realicen sean ejecutadas por un meÌ?dico veterinario.
+
+
+ - Con modificaciones de caraÌ?cter formal, se aproboÌ?
+por la unanimidad
+
+
+
+23 ArtiÌ?culo 22 (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 24)
+
+
+ Agrega un inciso segundo nuevo, al artiÌ?culo 77 del CoÌ?digo Sanitario,
+el que dispone que los meÌ?todos a emplearse para asegurar la higiene de los
+lugares de trabajo y el control de enfermedades susceptibles de
+transmitirse por animales deberaÌ?n evitar el sufrimiento innecesario de
+ellos y tender al miÌ?nimo riesgo de la salud humana.
+
+
+ Fue aprobado sin modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange, Sabag (Moreno) y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+24 ArtiÌ?culos transitorios
+
+
+25 ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ Establece que el ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica deberaÌ? constituirse dentro de los
+sesenta diÌ?as siguientes a la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley.
+
+
+ Agrega que para ello el Consejo de Rectores de las Universidades
+Chilenas, deberaÌ? dentro de treinta diÌ?as comunicar a los representantes de
+las instituciones que integraraÌ?n el ComiteÌ?, la obligacioÌ?n de designar a sus
+representantes.
+
+
+ Hubo consenso en cuanto a la brevedad del plazo otorgado para la
+constitucioÌ?n del ComiteÌ?, al igual que el que se fija al Consejo de Rectores
+para efectuar la mencionada comunicacioÌ?n a las entidades que lo integran,
+razoÌ?n por la cual la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ?, en el primer caso, ampliarlo a
+noventa diÌ?as y, en el segundo, a sesenta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ - Con las modificacioÌ?n resenÌ?adas se aproboÌ? por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+
+ 25.1.1 ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ Fija el plazo de un anÌ?o para dictar el reglamento de
+las normas de esta ley.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente que tal plazo se
+reduzca a ciento ochenta diÌ?as.
+
+
+ - Con la enmienda senÌ?alada se aproboÌ? por la
+unanimidad de los miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange
+y Vega (Presidente).
+
+
+
+
+
+26 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ Otorga un plazo de un anÌ?o, a contar de la
+publicacioÌ?n del reglamento para que los establecimientos y medios de
+transportes de animales adecuÌ?en sus instalaciones a las normas de esta ley.
+
+
+ - Se aproboÌ? sin modificaciones por la unanimidad de
+sus miembros presentes HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Stange y Vega
+(Presidente).
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de los acuerdos anteriores, vuestra
+ComisioÌ?n de Medio Ambiente y Bienes Nacionales os sugiere que aprobeÌ?is el
+texto del proyecto de ley aprobado por la H. CaÌ?mara de Diputados, con las
+siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ Agregar, a continuacioÌ?n del vocablo "animales," la frase "como seres
+vivos y parte de la naturaleza,".
+
+
+27 ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, anÌ?adir a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n
+"vertebrados", antecedida de un punto y coma (;) la oracioÌ?n " y tambieÌ?n a
+los invertebrados que establezca el reglamento.".
+
+
+ Agregar un inciso segundo, nuevo, del siguiente tenor: "El reglamento
+definiraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, las distintas categoriÌ?as de animales domeÌ?sticos,
+silvestres y de experimentacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n especie.".
+
+
+28 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, intercalar entre las voces "especie y" y "a los
+antecedentes" lo siguiente: " categoriÌ?a y".
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo, agregar a continuacioÌ?n de la palabra
+"sufrimiento", eliminando el punto final (.) la frase "y alteracioÌ?n de su
+normal desarrollo.".
+
+
+29 ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- El transporte de animales deberaÌ? efectuarse en
+condiciones que eviten el maltrato o grave deterioro de su salud,
+adoptaÌ?ndose al efecto las medidas adecuadas seguÌ?n la especie, categoriÌ?a
+animal y medio de transporte de que se trate.
+
+
+ Los sistemas de estabulacioÌ?n, albergue y transporte y los implementos
+fabricados industrialmente deberaÌ?n contar con la certificacioÌ?n de la
+autoridad competente, con el fin de resguardar los principios de la
+proteccioÌ?n de los animales.
+
+
+ El reglamento regularaÌ? esta materia seguÌ?n la especie y categoriÌ?a de
+animales de que se trate.".
+
+
+30 ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, sustituir la expresioÌ?n "debieÌ?ndose" por
+"deberaÌ?n", y reemplazar la frase "y reducir al miÌ?nimo el riesgo de
+deterioro de su salud y el maltrato." por la siguiente: "y categoriÌ?as de
+animales para evitar el maltrato y el deterioro de su salud.":
+
+
+ Reemplazar el inciso segundo, por el siguiente: "Estos recintos
+deberaÌ?n adoptar todas las medidas necesarias para resguardar la seguridad
+de las personas.".
+
+
+31 ArtiÌ?culo 6º
+
+
+ Reemplazar, en su encabezamiento, la oracioÌ?n: "Los programas y textos
+de ensenÌ?anza baÌ?sica y media procuraraÌ?n" por la siguiente: " El proceso
+educativo, en sus diversos niveles, a traveÌ?s de sus programas y de
+transmisioÌ?n de conocimientos, deberaÌ?":
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo IV (Pasa a ser TiÌ?tulo V)
+
+
+ En el epiÌ?grafe sustituir el vocablo "intervenciones" por
+"experiencias".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 9º).
+
+
+ Sustituir la expresioÌ?n "intervencioÌ?n" por "experiencia", y reemplazar
+la frase "fines de verificar experimentalmente una hipoÌ?tesis cientiÌ?fica;
+estudiar su comportamiento;" por la siguiente: "con el fin de estudiar y
+conocer su comportamiento; verificar experimentalmente una hipoÌ?tesis
+cientiÌ?fica,".
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 8º (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 10).
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, reemplazar la palabra "intervenciones" por
+"experiencias"; y, sustituir la frase: "quedando limitadas a lo
+estrictamente indispensable para el cumplimiento de" por la siguiente :
+"limitadas a".
+
+
+ Agregar, en el inciso segundo, a continuacioÌ?n del sustantivo
+"animal", eliminando el punto final (.)que lo sigue la siguiente frase: " y
+someter a los animales a sufrimientos, auÌ?n cuando el objetivo buscado no
+pueda ser obtenido por otro medio.".
+
+
+
+32 ArtiÌ?culo 9º (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 7º).
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "al
+que corresponderaÌ?" por lo siguiente: "el que deberaÌ? elaborar, estudiar y
+proponer las poliÌ?ticas y normas que permitan la aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley;".
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10 (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 8º).
+
+
+ En la letra f), sustituir la expresioÌ?n "Un representante" por "Dos
+representantes" y la palabra "designado" por "designados".
+
+
+33 ArtiÌ?culo 11
+
+
+ Sustituir la palabra "intervenciones" por "experiencias" las tres
+veces que aparece en el artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+34 ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+
+ Reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "intervenciones" por "experiencias"; eliminar
+la expresioÌ?n "o medicacioÌ?n", y suprimir el inciso segundo.
+
+
+35 ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+
+ Sustituir el sustantivo "intervenciones" por "experiencias".
+
+
+36 TiÌ?tulo V
+
+
+ Pasa a ser TiÌ?tulo VI
+
+
+37 ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+
+ Sustituir la expresioÌ?n "En las praÌ?cticas de" por "En el".
+
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VI (Pasa a ser TiÌ?tulo VII)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ En la letra e) reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "por asfixia"
+por "con sufrimiento".
+
+
+ En la letra f) sustituir la palabra "intervenciones"
+por "experiencias" y reemplazar el nuÌ?mero "8º" por "10".
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ Consignar una letra j), nueva, del tenor siguiente:
+
+
+ "j) Promover en publicaciones o medios de
+comunicacioÌ?n praÌ?cticas de crueldad o maltrato con los animales.".
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+
+
+38
+
+39
+
+40 ArtiÌ?culo 18
+
+
+ Agregar a continuacioÌ?n de la palabra "crimen",
+suprimiendo el punto aparte (.) que viene a continuacioÌ?n, la siguiente
+oracioÌ?n:, "del lugar donde se cometioÌ? el delito.".
+
+
+
+41 ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo agregar a continuacioÌ?n del
+punto final (.), que pasa a ser punto seguido (.), la frase siguiente :
+"TrataÌ?ndose de especies hidrobioloÌ?gicas, la fiscalizacioÌ?n de las referidas
+normas estaraÌ? a cargo del Servicio Nacional de Pesca.":
+
+
+
+ º º º º º
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20 (nuevo)
+
+
+
+ Consultar un artiÌ?culo 20, nuevo, del siguiente
+tenor:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 20.- Se concede accioÌ?n puÌ?blica para
+denunciar las infracciones contempladas en esta ley.".
+
+
+ º º º º º
+
+
+
+42 ArtiÌ?culo 21 (nuevo)
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente artiÌ?culo 21, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 21.- Las normas de esta ley no se
+aplicaraÌ?n a los deportes ecuestres criollos, entendieÌ?ndose por tales el
+rodeo, las corridas de vaca y el movimiento a la rienda, los cuales
+continuaraÌ?n rigieÌ?ndose por las disposiciones estatutarias y reglamentarias
+de la FederacioÌ?n del Rodeo Chileno y el Reglamento de Corridas de Vaca y
+Movimiento a la Rienda.
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VII (Pasa a ser TiÌ?tulo VIII)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20 (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 22)
+
+
+ En la letra a), suprimir las palabras "inciso
+segundo del".
+
+
+ En la letra b), agregar despueÌ?s del sustantivo
+"establecimiento" la expresioÌ?n " categoriÌ?a", antecedida de una coma (,).
+
+
+ En la letra f) sustituir el nuÌ?mero "IV" por "V".
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21 (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 23)
+
+
+ Reemplazar la frase " Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto
+en el artiÌ?culo 5º", por la siguiente: "Todas las praÌ?cticas que se realicen
+en" y, suprimir la frase "asiÌ? como tambieÌ?n todas las praÌ?cticas que alliÌ? se
+realicen,", eliminando la coma(,) que la antecede.
+
+
+
+43 ArtiÌ?culo 22
+
+
+ (Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 24, sin modificaciones).
+
+
+44 ArtiÌ?culos transitorios
+
+
+45 ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, sustituir la palabras
+"sesenta" por "noventa".
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo, reemplazar el vocablo
+"treinta" por "sesenta", y el nuÌ?mero "10" por "8º".
+
+
+
+46 ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ Sustituir las palabras "establecido en" por "a que
+se refiere", y la frase "del plazo de un anÌ?o" por "de los ciento ochenta
+diÌ?as".
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de las modificaciones anteriores
+el texto del proyecto queda como sigue:
+
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY.
+
+
+ "Titulo I
+
+ Objetivo y aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- Esta ley establece normas destinadas a
+proteger, respetar, conocer y dar un trato adecuado a los animales, como
+seres vivos y parte de la naturaleza, con el fin de evitarles sufrimientos
+innecesarios.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- Su aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n comprende a
+los animales vertebrados; y tambieÌ?n a los invertebrados que establezca el
+reglamento.
+
+
+ El Reglamento definiraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, las distintas
+categoriÌ?as de animales domeÌ?sticos, silvestres y de experimentacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n
+especie.
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo II
+
+
+ De la ProteccioÌ?n de los animales en general
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º.- Toda persona que, a cualquier tiÌ?tulo,
+tenga un animal debe cuidarlo y proporcionarle alimento y albergue
+adecuados, de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada especie y categoriÌ?a y a los
+antecedentes aportados por la ciencia y la experiencia.
+
+
+ La libertad de movimiento de los animales no debe
+ser impedida de manera innecesaria, especialmente si ello les ocasionare
+sufrimiento y alteracioÌ?n de su normal desarrollo.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- El transporte de animales deberaÌ?
+efectuarse en condiciones que eviten el maltrato o grave deterioro de su
+salud, adoptaÌ?ndose al efecto las medidas adecuadas seguÌ?n la especie,
+categoriÌ?a animal y medio de transporte de que se trate.
+
+
+ Los sistemas de estabulacioÌ?n, albergue y transporte
+y los implementos fabricados industrialmente deberaÌ?n contar con la
+certificacioÌ?n de la autoridad competente, con el fin de resguardar los
+principios de la proteccioÌ?n de los animales.
+
+
+ El reglamento regularaÌ? esta materia seguÌ?n la especie
+y categoriÌ?a de animales que se trate.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º.- El funcionamiento de circos, parques
+zooloÌ?gicos, y otros lugares destinados al espectaÌ?culo o exhibicioÌ?n de los
+animales; de establecimientos destinados a la investigacioÌ?n y docencia,
+laboratorios de diagnoÌ?stico e investigacioÌ?n; de establecimientos destinados
+a la produccioÌ?n industrial de animales y sus productos; de locales
+comerciales establecidos para la compraventa de animales; y de
+establecimientos destinados a la atencioÌ?n veterinaria, al adiestramiento,
+concursos y hospedajes de animales, estaraÌ? especialmente sujeto a las
+disposiciones precedentes, deberaÌ?n contar con las instalaciones adecuadas a
+las respectivas especies y categoriÌ?as de animales para evitar el maltrato y
+el deterioro de su salud.
+
+
+ Estos recintos deberaÌ?n adoptar todas las medidas
+necesarias para resguardar la seguridad de las personas.
+
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo III
+
+ De la educacioÌ?n para la proteccioÌ?n de los animales
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º. El proceso educativo, en sus diversos
+niveles, a traveÌ?s de sus programas y de transmisioÌ?n de conocimientos,
+deberaÌ? inculcar en el educando el sentido de respeto y proteccioÌ?n a los
+animales, como seres vivientes y sensibles que forman parte de la
+naturaleza.
+
+
+ Titulo IV
+
+ Del ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º.- HabraÌ? un ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica Animal
+permanente, el que deberaÌ? elaborar, estudiar y proponer las poliÌ?ticas y
+normas que permitan la aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley; definir las directrices bajo
+las cuales podraÌ?n desarrollarse las intervenciones en animales vivos
+conforme a las normas de esta ley; absolver las consultas que se le
+formulen al efecto, y coordinarse con las instituciones involucradas en la
+materia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 8º.- El ComiteÌ? estaraÌ? integrado por las
+siguientes personas:
+
+
+ a) Dos acadeÌ?micos designados por el Consejo de
+Rectores de las Universidades Chilenas.
+
+
+ b) Un cientiÌ?fico nombrado por el Director del
+Instituto de Salud PuÌ?blica de Chile.
+
+
+ c) Un investigador nombrado por el Presidente del
+Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias.
+
+
+ d) Un cientiÌ?fico nombrado por el Presidente de la
+ComisioÌ?n Nacional de InvestigacioÌ?n CientiÌ?fica y TecnoloÌ?gica.
+
+
+ e) Un representante de la AsociacioÌ?n Gremial de
+MeÌ?dicos Veterinarios maÌ?s antigua del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ f) Dos representantes de las instituciones de
+proteccioÌ?n a los animales que cuenten con personalidad juriÌ?dica y
+representatividad nacional, designados por ellas.
+
+
+ Los miembros se desempenÌ?araÌ?n ad honorem, por el
+periÌ?odo de tres anÌ?os, pudiendo ser nombrados nuevamente para periÌ?odos
+sucesivos. El ComiteÌ? fijaraÌ? su propio reÌ?gimen de organizacioÌ?n y
+funcionamiento.
+
+
+
+
+ TITULO V
+
+ De la experiencia en animales vivos
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 9º.- Para los efectos de esta ley, se
+entiende por experiencia en animales vivos toda utilizacioÌ?n de eÌ?stos con el
+fin de estudiar y conocer su comportamiento; verificar experimentalmente
+una hipoÌ?tesis cientiÌ?fica; probar un producto natural o sinteÌ?tico; producir
+sustancias de uso meÌ?dico o bioloÌ?gico; detectar fenoÌ?menos, materias o sus
+efectos y realizar demostraciones docentes.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10.- Las experiencias en animales vivos
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n practicarse por personal calificado y en instalaciones
+adecuadas, limitadas a los fines senÌ?alados en el artiÌ?culo anterior,
+evitaÌ?ndose al maÌ?ximo su padecimiento.
+
+
+ Se prohibe usar el dolor como medio experimental de
+condicionamiento animal y someter a los animales a sufrimientos, auÌ?n cuando
+el objetivo buscado no pueda ser obtenido por otro medio.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 11.- No podraÌ?n realizarse experiencias en
+animales vivos en los niveles baÌ?sico y medio de la ensenÌ?anza.
+
+
+ En la educacioÌ?n superior, las referidas experiencias
+soÌ?lo estaraÌ?n permitidas cuando sean indispensables y no puedan ser
+reemplazadas por la experiencia acumulada o meÌ?todos alternativos de
+aprendizaje para los fines de formacioÌ?n que se persigan.
+
+
+ Las experiencias con fines de investigacioÌ?n
+cientiÌ?fica podraÌ?n ejecutarse cuando la informacioÌ?n, hipoÌ?tesis u otra
+finalidad que las sustente sean relevantes y no puedan ser obtenidas por
+otros medios.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 12.- Las intervenciones quiruÌ?rgicas en
+animales que necesariamente importen el uso de anestesia para evitar
+sufrimientos innecesarios deberaÌ?n ser practicadas por un meÌ?dico
+veterinario.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 13.- Los proyectos de investigacioÌ?n u otros
+estudios que involucren experiencias en animales vivos deberaÌ?n cumplir con
+las normas establecidas en este tiÌ?tulo.
+
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VI
+
+ Del beneficio y sacrificio de los animales
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 14.- En el sacrificio de animales, deberaÌ?n
+emplearse meÌ?todos racionales tendientes a evitarles sufrimientos
+innecesarios.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 15.- Los establecimientos industriales no
+regulados en la ley Nº 19.162, destinados al beneficio de animales que
+provean de carne, pieles, plumas u otros productos, deberaÌ?n emplear
+procedimientos teÌ?cnicos que aseguren su muerte indolora, en conformidad con
+los meÌ?todos que al respecto determine el reglamento.
+
+
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VII
+
+ Prohibiciones especiales, sanciones y procedimiento.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16.- Para los efectos previstos en el
+artiÌ?culo 291 bis del CoÌ?digo Penal, tambieÌ?n constituyen actos de crueldad o
+maltrato con los animales, los siguientes:
+
+
+ a) Hacer trabajar a un animal en condiciones
+inapropiadas o exigirle esfuerzos excesivos, en relacioÌ?n con su especie,
+raza, edad y condicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ b) Provocar rinÌ?as de animales y promover o
+practicar espectaÌ?culos que impliquen maltrato, grave deterioro de la salud
+o su muerte.
+
+
+ c) Remover, destruir o alterar cualquier miembro,
+oÌ?rgano o apeÌ?ndice de un animal por causas distintas de las propiamente
+veterinarias, de manejo pecuario o control poblacional.
+
+
+ d) Aplicar cualquier procedimiento, incluida la
+administracioÌ?n de sustancias, que modifique las capacidades fiÌ?sicas o
+conductuales de los animales en actividades deportivas.
+
+
+ e) Emplear instrumentos o sustancias que provoquen
+en los animales la muerte con sufrimiento en estado de conciencia.
+
+
+ f) Someter a un animal a praÌ?cticas que importen
+bestialidad.
+
+
+ g) Abandonar a un animal.
+
+
+ h) Ejecutar experiencias en animales vivos fuera
+de los casos y formas establecidos en los artiÌ?culos 10, 11 y 12.
+
+
+ i) Emitir maliciosamente certificados en que se
+falsee la calidad o condicioÌ?n real de un animal, exponieÌ?ndolo a la
+contingencia de un danÌ?o.
+
+
+ j) Promover en publicaciones o medios de
+comunicacioÌ?n praÌ?cticas de crueldad o maltrato de los animales.
+
+
+ Si cualquiera de los actos delictuosos que el
+culpable hubiera cometido tuviere asignada una pena mayor a la establecida
+en el artiÌ?culo 291 bis del CoÌ?digo Penal, se aplicaraÌ? la pena maÌ?s alta
+asignada al delito sancionado maÌ?s severamente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 17.- La reincidencia en el delito
+establecido en el artiÌ?culo 291 bis del CoÌ?digo Penal seraÌ? sancionado de
+acuerdo a las reglas generales.
+
+
+ Si el reincidente fuere el duenÌ?o de la especie
+agredida, se aplicaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, como medida de seguridad, la guarda de la
+especie afectada en una institucioÌ?n de proteccioÌ?n de los animales, a costas
+del ofensor.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 18.- SeraÌ? competente para conocer de los
+delitos de maltrato o crueldad para con los animales el juez de letras del
+crimen del lugar donde se cometioÌ? el delito.
+
+
+ En los procesos a que dieren lugar los referidos
+delitos, se aplicaraÌ?n, ademaÌ?s de las normas contenidas en el CoÌ?digo de
+Procedimiento Penal, las siguientes:
+
+
+ Las instituciones de proteccioÌ?n de los animales que
+cuenten con personalidad juriÌ?dica gozaraÌ?n del privilegio de pobreza.
+
+
+ La prueba se apreciaraÌ? en conciencia.
+
+
+ El tribunal estaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, facultado para decretar
+alguna de las siguientes medidas:
+
+
+ a) Ordenar que el animal objeto del delito sea retirado
+del poder del inculpado para ser colocado al cuidado de una persona natural
+o juriÌ?dica que se designe al efecto.
+
+
+ b) Disponer el tratamiento veterinario del animal
+afectado y, asimismo, en casos calificados y previo informe de un
+profesional calificado, ordenar el sacrificio del animal en los teÌ?rminos
+del artiÌ?culo 14.
+
+
+ Las medidas senÌ?aladas en las letras a) y b)
+precedentes se llevaraÌ?n a efecto provisionalmente a costa del procesado.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 19.- La infraccioÌ?n de los artiÌ?culos 5º y 10
+de esta ley, asiÌ? como de las normas relacionadas con el transporte de
+animales, seraÌ? sancionada con multa de una a cincuenta unidades tributarias
+mensuales. En caso de reincidencia, la multa podraÌ? elevarse al doble, sin
+perjuicio de la clausura del establecimiento.
+
+
+ El cumplimiento de las normas indicadas en el inciso
+anterior seraÌ? fiscalizado por el Servicio AgriÌ?cola y Ganadero, aplicaÌ?ndose,
+como procedimiento de sancioÌ?n y reclamo, el contenido en el paÌ?rrafo IV,
+TiÌ?tulo I de la ley Nº 18.755. TrataÌ?ndose de especies hidrobioloÌ?gicas, la
+fiscalizacioÌ?n de las referidas normas estaraÌ? a cargo del Servicio Nacional
+de Pesca.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20.- Se concede accioÌ?n puÌ?blica para
+denunciar las infracciones contempladas en esta ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21 - Las normas de esta ley no se aplicaraÌ?n
+a los deportes ecuestres criollos, entendieÌ?ndose por tales el rodeo, las
+corridas de vaca y el movimiento a la rienda, los cuales continuaraÌ?n
+rigieÌ?ndose por las disposiciones estatutarias y reglamentarias de la
+FederacioÌ?n del Rodeo Chileno y el Reglamento de Corridas de Vaca y
+Movimientos a la Rienda.
+
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo VIII
+
+
+ Disposiciones generales
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 22.- El reglamento comprenderaÌ?, a lo menos,
+normas sobre las siguientes materias:
+
+
+ a) Las condiciones sanitarias, estructurales y de
+seguridad miÌ?nimas que deberaÌ?n cumplir los medios de transportes de
+animales, en conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 4º.
+
+
+Las caracteriÌ?sticas estructurales y las condiciones ambientales miÌ?nimas que
+deberaÌ?n contemplar las instalaciones destinadas a la mantencioÌ?n de animales
+en los establecimientos a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 5º, seguÌ?n el tipo de
+establecimiento, categoriÌ?a y especie de animal de que se trate.
+
+
+Los paraÌ?metros maÌ?ximos aplicables a aquellos trabajos de los animales que
+pudieren significarles un esfuerzo excesivo, en relacioÌ?n con su especie,
+raza, edad y condicioÌ?n.
+
+
+Los meÌ?todos aplicables al beneficio de animales de distintas especies en
+los establecimientos industriales a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 15.
+
+
+El tipo de sustancias cuyo uso estaraÌ? prohibido en los animales, de
+conformidad con el artiÌ?culo 16, letras d) y e).
+
+
+f) Las condiciones miÌ?nimas que deberaÌ?n cumplirse para la ejecucioÌ?n de
+las experiencias en animales vivos a que se refiere el TiÌ?tulo V.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 23.- Todas las praÌ?cticas que se realicen
+en las cliÌ?nicas y centros de atencioÌ?n veterinaria deberaÌ?n ejecutarse bajo
+la direccioÌ?n responsable de un meÌ?dico veterinario.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 24.- AgreÌ?gase el siguiente inciso segundo
+nuevo, al artiÌ?culo 77 del CoÌ?digo Sanitario:
+
+
+ "Los meÌ?todos que se empleen para los efectos de lo
+dispuesto en las letras e) y f) deberaÌ?n tender al miÌ?nimo riesgo para la
+salud de las personas y evitar el sufrimiento innecesario de los animales".
+
+
+
+ 46.1 ArtiÌ?culos transitorios
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- El ComiteÌ? de BioeÌ?tica Animal deberaÌ?
+constituirse dentro de los noventa diÌ?as siguientes a la publicacioÌ?n de esta
+ley.
+
+
+ Para tal efecto, el Consejo de Rectores de las
+Universidades Chilenas, dentro de los primeros sesenta diÌ?as, comunicaraÌ?,
+seguÌ?n corresponda, a los presidentes, directores o representantes legales
+de las instituciones senÌ?aladas en el artiÌ?culo 8º, la obligacioÌ?n de proceder
+a designar a los integrantes de dicho ComiteÌ? dentro del plazo establecido
+en el inciso anterior.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- El reglamento a que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo 20 deberaÌ? dictarse dentro de los 180 diÌ?as desde la publicacioÌ?n de
+esta ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º.- Los establecimientos y medios de
+transporte que deban adecuar sus instalaciones a las normas de esta ley,
+tendraÌ?n, para tal efecto, el plazo de un anÌ?o, a contar de la publicacioÌ?n
+del reglamento a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 20.-
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones de 15 de julio y 8 de
+septiembre de 1998, 6 de enero, 13 de enero, 3 de marzo, 31 de marzo, 21 de
+abril, 5 de mayo, 2 de junio de 1999 y 8 de marzo de 2000 con asistencia de
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath, Moreno, Stange, ValdeÌ?s y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 15 de marzo de 2000
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAGDALENA PALUMBO OSSA
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A.
+
+
+
+I. BOLETIN Nº: 1721-12
+
+
+ II. MATERIA: Proyecto de ley, en segundo traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, que establece normas sobre proteccioÌ?n a los animales.
+
+
+ III. ORIGEN: MocioÌ?n de las Honorables Diputadas senÌ?oras
+ Isabel Allende y MariÌ?a AngeÌ?lica Cristi y de los Honorables Diputados
+ senÌ?ores Exequiel Silva, ViÌ?ctor Reyes, Francisco Encina, Mario AcunÌ?a,
+ Alejandro Navarro, Pedro Alvarez-Salamanca, Gutenberg MartiÌ?nez y
+ Nelson Avila.
+
+
+IV. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: 9 de junio de 1998.
+
+
+ V. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Primer informe.
+
+
+VI. URGENCIA: No tiene.
+
+
+ VII. LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA MATERIA: Ley
+ Nº 18.859, que modificoÌ? el Libro II, TiÌ?tulo VI, PaÌ?rrafo 9 del CoÌ?digo
+ Penal, incorporando un artiÌ?culo 291 bis, y ley Nº 19.473, que
+ sustituyoÌ? la ley Nº 4.601, de Caza.
+
+
+ VIII. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISIOÌ?N: Consta de
+ veintitreÌ?s artiÌ?culos permanentes y tres transitorios.
+
+
+
+ IX. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISION:
+ Dictar un texto legal marco que regule la proteccioÌ?n de los animales,
+ por cuanto se estima que la legislacioÌ?n actual es insuficiente.
+
+
+ X. NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL: El artiÌ?culo 18 del proyecto deberaÌ?
+ ser aprobado con el quoÌ?rum requerido para las normas orgaÌ?nico
+ constitucionales.
+
+
+ XI. ACUERDOS: AprobacioÌ?n por unanimidad. (5x0), seguÌ?n se consigna en
+ lo medular de este informe.
+
+
+ValparaiÌ?so, 15 de marzo de 2000.
+
+
+ INDICE
+
+
+
+
+
+-Antecedentes paÌ?gina 2
+
+
+-Fundamentos de la MocioÌ?n paÌ?gina 4
+
+
+-Antecedentes legales paÌ?gina 5
+
+
+-AprobacioÌ?n idea de legislar paÌ?gina 5
+
+
+-DiscusioÌ?n particular paÌ?gina 5
+
+
+-CapiÌ?tulo de modificaciones paÌ?gina 20
+
+
+-Texto del proyecto de ley paÌ?gina 26
+
+
+-ResenÌ?a paÌ?gina 35.
+
+
+
+ ***************
+
+
+1.1.1.1.1 BOLETIN Nº 2.054-04
+
+
+
+ SEGUNDO INFORME DE LA COMISION DE EDUCACION,
+ CULTURA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA recaiÌ?do en el
+ proyecto de ley marco, en primer traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, sobre universidades estatales.
+
+ _____________________________
+
+
+
+
+
+ Honorable Senado:
+
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n de EducacioÌ?n, Cultura, Ciencia y TecnologiÌ?a tiene el
+honor de someter a vuestra consideracioÌ?n su segundo informe relativo al
+proyecto de ley de la referencia, en primer traÌ?mite constitucional,
+iniciado en Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+
+
+ Os hacemos presente que a juicio de la ComisioÌ?n deberiÌ?an ser votados
+con quoÌ?rum orgaÌ?nico constitucional el TiÌ?tulo II, cuyo epiÌ?grafe es "Del
+gobierno en las universidades estatales", y los artiÌ?culos 19 y 22 (que
+pasan a ser 16 y 19 en el texto que os proponemos al final de este
+informe), en cuanto modifican, respectivamente, las leyes
+
+Nºs. 18.575, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Bases Generales de la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado; 10.336, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, y 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de
+EnsenÌ?anza.
+
+
+
+
+ Asimismo, deberiÌ?a ser votado con quoÌ?rum orgaÌ?nico constitucional el
+numeral 4 del artiÌ?culo 22 (que pasa a ser 19 en el texto que se propone),
+en cuanto incide en materias relativas a la organizacioÌ?n y atribuciones de
+los tribunales de justicia, en conformidad con el artiÌ?culo 74 de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica. Cabe senÌ?alar que la norma en cuestioÌ?n fue consultada
+a la Excma. Corte Suprema por oficio
+
+Nº ED/23/99.
+
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, al tenor de lo prescrito en el artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 21, de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, deberiÌ?a ser votado con quoÌ?rum calificado el artiÌ?culo
+6º, inciso segundo (que pasa a ser 5º, inciso segundo, en el texto que os
+proponemos), en razoÌ?n de que estariÌ?a autorizando a un organismo del Estado
+para desarrollar actividades empresariales o participar en ellas.
+
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+
+ Para los efectos de lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 124 del Reglamento
+del Senado, cabe dejar constancia de lo siguiente:
+
+
+ 1.- ArtiÌ?culos del proyecto que no han sido objeto de Indicaciones ni
+de modificaciones: 4º, 5º, 21, 23 (que pasan a ser 3º, 4º, 18 y 20,
+respectivamente), y 2º, 3º y 5º transitorios.
+
+
+ 2.- Indicaciones aprobadas: 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46 bis,
+51, 74, 75, 76, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 92, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 106, 107,
+108, 109, 114, 115, 116, 117, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 152, 160, 161,
+162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 172, 183, 185, 193, 194, 195, 206, 212, 222,
+237, 243, 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 291, 302, 303, 304, 307 y 312.
+
+
+ 3.- Indicaciones aprobadas con modificaciones: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,
+9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
+32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 38 bis, 47, 60, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 88, 93, 99,
+102, 103, 111, 112, 113, 118, 119, 122, 131, 132, 153, 154, 155, 156, 171,
+184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 198, 203, 208, 214, 215, 216, 217,
+218, 226, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 257, 278, 286, 294, 298, 299 y 311.
+
+
+ 4.- Indicaciones rechazadas: 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53,
+54, 55, 56, 56 bis, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63,
+
+63 bis, 68, 69, 70, 79, 86, 89, 90, 91, 104, 105, 110, 123, 124, 125, 126,
+127, 128, 129, 130, 133, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149,
+150, 151, 157, 158, 159, 166, 169, 170, 172 bis, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,
+178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210,
+211, 213, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 231, 238, 240, 246, 247,
+248, 254, 255, 256, 258, 258 bis, 259, 259 bis, 260, 261, 262, 262 bis,
+263, 264, 264 bis, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275,
+276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 290 bis,
+292, 293, 295, 300, 301, 308, 309 y 310.
+
+
+ 5.- Indicaciones retiradas: 80, 196, 236, 239, 251, 313 y 314.
+
+
+ 6.- Indicaciones declaradas inadmisibles: 64, 65, 66, 67, 95, 96,
+120, 121, 241, 242, 296, 297, 305 y 306.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Concurrieron a sesiones de la ComisioÌ?n los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Edgardo BoÌ?eninger Kausel, Augusto Parra MunÌ?oz y Enrique Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Asistieron, ademaÌ?s, en representacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo, el Jefe de la
+DivisioÌ?n de EducacioÌ?n Superior del Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, don RauÌ?l Allard
+Neumann, el administrador puÌ?blico del Departamento de Estudios de la
+DivisioÌ?n, don Alonso NuÌ?nÌ?ez Campusano, y los abogados de esta SecretariÌ?a de
+Estado, donÌ?a Manuela PeÌ?rez Vargas, donÌ?a Margarita TeÌ?llez YaÌ?nÌ?ez y don JoseÌ?
+LeoÌ?n Reyes.
+
+
+ Finalmente, concurrieron, especialmente invitados, el Presidente del
+Consorcio de Universidades Estatales y Rector de la Universidad de Santiago
+de Chile, don Ubaldo ZuÌ?nÌ?iga Quintanilla, el Rector de la Universidad de
+Chile, don Luis Riveros Cornejo, y su asesor don Jorge SaÌ?nchez Staforelli.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Han sido formuladas trescientas catorce Indicaciones al proyecto de
+ley en informe, cuya descripcioÌ?n se efectuÌ?a a continuacioÌ?n, senÌ?alaÌ?ndose, en
+cada caso, los acuerdos adoptados por la ComisioÌ?n a su respecto.
+
+
+ - - - - -
+
+
+ Al comenzar el estudio de las Indicaciones, tuvo lugar en el seno de
+la ComisioÌ?n un intercambio de opiniones relativo a la orientacioÌ?n que, a
+juicio del legislador, deberiÌ?a inspirar al proyecto de ley en informe.
+
+
+ Cabe recordar que esta ComisioÌ?n, en su oportunidad, amplioÌ? su
+alcance, acordando incorporar normas iniciales que reiteran deberes del
+Estado para con la educacioÌ?n superior y la cultura -reconocidos en el
+artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 10, de la Carta Fundamental-, encomendaÌ?ndole,
+especialmente, propender a que sus instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior den
+cumplimiento a objetivos que la misma iniciativa formula (artiÌ?culo 1º).
+Ello, en el entendido que tal decisioÌ?n legislativa implicariÌ?a fortalecer la
+concepcioÌ?n de ley marco que se atribuye al proyecto, y supondriÌ?a, seguÌ?n una
+de las tesis surgidas, un pronunciamiento de fondo respecto del sistema
+universitario en general y de la responsabilidad que al Estado le compete
+en la materia.
+
+
+ En esa misma liÌ?nea de pensamiento, se pronuncioÌ? respecto de la
+inclusioÌ?n de una norma en dicho texto que faculta a las instituciones de
+educacioÌ?n superior de caraÌ?cter privado para contribuir al cumplimiento de
+uno o maÌ?s de dichos objetivos (artiÌ?culo 2º).
+
+
+ Teniendo en cuenta las Indicaciones presentadas a los artiÌ?culos que
+se han comentado, vuestra ComisioÌ?n inicioÌ? la discusioÌ?n de ellas, como se
+dijera, desde una perspectiva general, debatieÌ?ndose los siguientes aspectos
+principales.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Parra sostuvo que si lo que se persigue es un
+cuerpo normativo que sirva como instrumento para el logro de propoÌ?sitos
+acotados, a saber, flexibilizar el reÌ?gimen juriÌ?dico de las universidades
+estatales sobre administracioÌ?n y gestioÌ?n institucional y posibilitar la
+adecuacioÌ?n de sus estatutos a las actuales circunstancias histoÌ?ricas, las
+definiciones generales de poliÌ?tica universitaria no seriÌ?an necesarias. Por
+otra parte, expresoÌ? que seriÌ?a preferible no establecerlas si con ello se
+precaven problemas de interpretacioÌ?n, en la medida que instituciones de
+educacioÌ?n superior de caraÌ?cter privado pudieran estimarse afectadas o
+discriminadas.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Chadwick coincidioÌ? en que este proyecto debe
+circunscribirse a su intencioÌ?n original, esto es, resolver los conflictos
+generados al interior de las Casas de Estudios Superiores del Estado y que
+les han impedido competir en igualdad de condiciones con otras entidades
+educacionales. ConsideroÌ?, sin embargo, que la fijacioÌ?n de objetivos
+atentaraÌ? contra la capacidad econoÌ?mica de las universidades estatales para
+concurrir a financiarlos. Este es un aspecto, dijo, que auÌ?n se advierte
+como una carencia del proyecto.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el H. Senador senÌ?or
+
+Ruiz-Esquide explicoÌ? que el proyecto se desnaturalizariÌ?a sin una
+explicitacioÌ?n de finalidades de poliÌ?tica universitaria, pues dicha
+declaracioÌ?n manifestariÌ?a la voluntad social, expresada en el mandato
+legislativo, de estructurar una concepcioÌ?n integral y orgaÌ?nica del sistema
+de ensenÌ?anza superior. En eso consistiriÌ?a, continuoÌ?, el que este proyecto
+merezca el calificativo de "ley marco". En todo caso, teniendo presente el
+intereÌ?s de la comunidad universitaria y la urgencia de contar con un
+reÌ?gimen juriÌ?dico flexible que facilite la gestioÌ?n institucional de las
+universidades del Estado, anuncioÌ? que aprobariÌ?a aquellas Indicaciones que
+confieren al proyecto ese caraÌ?cter instrumental.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or BoÌ?eninger hizo presente que podriÌ?an resolverse
+las inquietudes planteadas si se vinculan los objetivos a ser cumplidos por
+las universidades estatales con sus respectivos proyectos institucionales,
+nivel de desarrollo y disponibilidad de recursos humanos y presupuestarios,
+aspecto con el que hubo acuerdo en la ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de las ideas precedentemente descritas, vuestra ComisioÌ?n
+fue partidaria de mantener el espiÌ?ritu original de la iniciativa,
+remitieÌ?ndose soÌ?lo a objetivos de las universidades estatales en funcioÌ?n de
+sus proyectos institucionales y capacidad presupuestaria, y desde la
+perspectiva de un proyecto que regula la organizacioÌ?n, funcionamiento,
+fines y estructuras fundamentales de gobierno y gestioÌ?n institucional. En
+este entendido fueron analizadas las Indicaciones presentadas para los
+artiÌ?culos 1º, 2º y 3º del texto aprobado en primer informe.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+1.2 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 1
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, propone trasladar
+como artiÌ?culo 1º la norma contenida en el uÌ?ltimo inciso del artiÌ?culo 3º del
+proyecto aprobado en general, que define a las universidades estatales y
+senÌ?ala su naturaleza juriÌ?dica y forma de relacionarse con el Ejecutivo.
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n se inclinoÌ? por acoger esta IndicacioÌ?n, daÌ?ndole asiÌ?
+un nuevo orden al articulado del proyecto. Esto contribuiriÌ?a a precisar su
+alcance, en el sentido de consignar con claridad que se trata de un texto
+legal destinado a regir exclusivamente a las universidades del Estado, sin
+perjuicio de contener disposiciones aplicables geneÌ?ricamente al sistema
+universitario relativas a coordinacioÌ?n entre instituciones de educacioÌ?n
+superior, informacioÌ?n financiera respecto de aportes fiscales y registro de
+titulados que llevaraÌ? el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n (artiÌ?culos 17 y 19, Nºs. 3
+y 4).
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que la ComisioÌ?n le introdujo enmiendas que persiguen,
+por una parte, fijar el modo en que estas instituciones, que conservan su
+naturaleza de servicios puÌ?blicos descentralizados, seraÌ?n supervigiladas por
+el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, esto es, por intermedio del Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n (idea contenida en la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 9), y, por otra, precisar que
+la autonomiÌ?a de que gozan, en conformidad con la ley Nº 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, se manifiesta acadeÌ?mica, financiera y
+administrativamente.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, la ComisioÌ?n incorporoÌ? como inciso final, con enmiendas
+formales, la proposicioÌ?n del Ejecutivo contenida en la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 12,
+esto es, que la organizacioÌ?n, funcionamiento, fines y estructuras
+fundamentales de gobierno y gestioÌ?n de las universidades estatales se
+regiraÌ?n por las normas de este proyecto.
+
+
+ - Con dichas modificaciones, fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 2º)
+
+
+ En su inciso primero, consagra como deber del Estado fomentar el
+desarrollo de la educacioÌ?n superior y la igualdad de oportunidades en el
+acceso a ella, la investigacioÌ?n cientiÌ?fica y tecnoloÌ?gica, la creacioÌ?n
+artiÌ?stica y el patrimonio cultural de la NacioÌ?n. En su inciso segundo
+fija, en ocho literales, los objetivos a los que deberaÌ?n propender
+especialmente las instituciones estatales de educacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+1.3 Indicaciones Nºs. 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger, Chadwick y Viera-Gallo;
+Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda; Chadwick; DiÌ?ez, y MartiÌ?nez,
+respectivamente, proponen suprimirlo.
+
+
+ - Fueron acogidas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide, en cuanto se suprime solamente el inciso
+primero del artiÌ?culo 1º.
+
+
+1.4 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 7
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa, lo sustituye por otro, que impone al
+Estado el deber de fomentar el desarrollo de la educacioÌ?n superior,
+declarando que las universidades estatales realizaraÌ?n esas funciones
+orientadas por el principio de subsidiariedad y determina como
+"universidades del Estado" a las dieciseÌ?is instituciones de ensenÌ?anza
+superior que integran el Consorcio de Universidades Estatales de Chile.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.5 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 8
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, lo reemplaza por otro que
+incorpora, respecto del proyecto aprobado en general, un inciso seguÌ?n el
+cual lo concerniente a organizacioÌ?n, funcionamiento, fines y estructuras de
+gobierno y gestioÌ?n de las universidades estatales, asiÌ? como la forma de
+relacionarse con el Estado, se regiraÌ?n por las normas del proyecto de ley
+en estudio. AdemaÌ?s, senÌ?ala que a las universidades estatales les
+corresponde cumplir, entre otros, los objetivos que se consagran en el
+artiÌ?culo. Por uÌ?ltimo, agrega entre tales fines ejercitar en un grado de
+excelencia la amplia gama y contenidos de la docencia universitaria y
+efectuÌ?a diversas enmiendas en cada literal tendientes a precisar el sentido
+y alcance de los cometidos que en ellos se consignan.
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria de aprobar esta IndicacioÌ?n
+concordaÌ?ndola con la Nº 47, de similar contenido prescritivo, de modo de
+materializar asiÌ? los criterios e ideas generales discutidos al comenzar el
+anaÌ?lisis del proyecto en segundo informe (que fueran comentados
+precedentemente).
+
+
+ Asimismo, para facilitar el trabajo, optoÌ? por acoger tambieÌ?n aquellas
+Indicaciones que inciden en literales del artiÌ?culo que persiguen ideÌ?nticos
+propoÌ?sitos normativos o que siguen su espiÌ?ritu, conforme a lo que se
+consigna maÌ?s adelante, incorporando en la IndicacioÌ?n en anaÌ?lisis las
+enmiendas necesarias al efecto.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega. Cabe dejar constancia, sin embargo, que la letra j)
+propuesta fue aprobada por mayoriÌ?a, con los votos de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y MunÌ?oz Barra, y los votos en contra de los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, basaÌ?ndose la posicioÌ?n de minoriÌ?a en
+que el literal no mantiene el caraÌ?cter general de los precedentes.
+
+
+1.6 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 9
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda,
+sustituye los artiÌ?culos 1º, 2º y 3º por otro, que define a las
+universidades estatales como servicios puÌ?blicos creados por ley, con
+personalidad juriÌ?dica y patrimonio propios, sometidos a la supervigilancia
+del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, por intermedio del Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, acordoÌ? acogerla soÌ?lo en lo relativo al modo de
+relacionarse las universidades estatales con el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n,
+idea que trasladoÌ? al nuevo artiÌ?culo 1º que se somete a vuestra
+consideracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, sobre la base de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 1 aprobada.
+
+
+
+
+1.7 Indicaciones Nºs. 10 y 11
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, reemplazan el inciso primero por otro, en virtud
+del cual la organizacioÌ?n, funcionamiento, fines y estructuras fundamentales
+de gobierno y gestioÌ?n de las universidades estatales, asiÌ? como la forma de
+relacionarse con el Estado, se regiraÌ?n por las normas de este proyecto de
+ley.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en concordancia con lo resuelto para la IndicacioÌ?n Nº
+1.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+ IndicacioÌ?n Nº 12
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, intercala un nuevo inciso
+segundo, que somete a las normas de este proyecto de ley la organizacioÌ?n,
+funcionamiento, fines y estructuras fundamentales de gobierno y gestioÌ?n de
+las universidades estatales, asiÌ? como la forma de relacionarse con el
+Estado.
+
+
+ - En meÌ?rito de lo acordado con motivo de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 1, fue
+aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.8 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 13
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), intercala
+un nuevo inciso segundo, que impone al Estado el fomento, incentivo y
+estiÌ?mulo al desarrollo de las universidades estatales, asiÌ? como el
+desarrollo de todas las aÌ?reas de las investigaciones sociales, cientiÌ?ficas
+y tecnoloÌ?gicas, la creacioÌ?n artiÌ?stica y la preservacioÌ?n e incremento del
+patrimonio cultural de la NacioÌ?n, velando por la igualdad de oportunidades
+en el acceso a aqueÌ?llas, por el cultivo de los valores eÌ?ticos universales y
+nacionales y por el impulso al progreso espiritual y material del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.9 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 14
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, intercala un nuevo inciso segundo, que
+impone al Estado el fomento, incentivo y estiÌ?mulo al desarrollo de la
+educacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.10 Indicaciones Nºs. 15 y 16
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, reemplazan en el encabezamiento del inciso segundo la
+alusioÌ?n geneÌ?rica a "instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior" por otra a
+"universidades estatales".
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+ Indicaciones Nºs. 17 y 18
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, persigue establecer que los objetivos que se
+resenÌ?an en el inciso segundo no son taxativos.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.11 Indicaciones Nºs. 19 y 20
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, incorpora una nueva letra a) que consagra el
+objetivo de ejercitar en grado de excelencia la amplia gama y contenidos de
+la docencia universitaria.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros de
+la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+ Letra a)
+
+ (Pasa a ser b))
+
+
+ Establece el objetivo de formar profesionales y teÌ?cnicos de nivel
+superior, procurando su perfeccionamiento y especializacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n las
+necesidades del sistema social y productivo del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+1.12 Indicaciones Nºs. 21 y 22
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la sustituyen para exigir la formacioÌ?n integral
+de profesionales y teÌ?cnicos universitarios seguÌ?n las necesidades
+educacionales, sociales, de desarrollo y productivas del paiÌ?s,
+proporcionando la actualizacioÌ?n y acrecentamiento de los elementos
+culturales de sus aÌ?reas, de los valores y destrezas tecnoloÌ?gicas derivados
+del avance del conocimiento y la promocioÌ?n de programas de posgrado,
+postiÌ?tulo, especialidades y perfeccionamiento.
+
+
+ Se deja constancia que, a juicio de la ComisioÌ?n, la expresioÌ?n "formar
+integralmente", con que se inicia el literal b) de esta proposicioÌ?n, estaÌ?
+referida a una ensenÌ?anza comprensiva no soÌ?lo de aquellos conocimientos
+propios de las respectivas aÌ?reas del saber, sino tambieÌ?n de valores eÌ?ticos
+que permitan a los profesionales desempenÌ?arse con responsabilidad frente a
+la funcioÌ?n social que tiene cada una de ellas.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros de
+la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en cuanto soÌ?lo se acogioÌ? la idea del caraÌ?cter
+"integral" de la formacioÌ?n de profesionales y teÌ?cnicos universitarios.
+
+
+ Letra b)
+
+ (Pasa a ser c))
+
+
+ Establece la obligacioÌ?n de formar acadeÌ?micos y profesores para el
+ejercicio de la docencia en los distintos niveles y modalidades del
+sistema.
+
+
+1.13 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 23
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la sustituye, de manera de
+especificar que el objetivo se refiere a la formacioÌ?n de acadeÌ?micos y
+profesores para el ejercicio de "funciones universitarias".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.14 Indicaciones Nºs. 24 y 25
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, persiguen establecer que la formacioÌ?n de
+acadeÌ?micos tambieÌ?n se relaciona con la investigacioÌ?n y extensioÌ?n
+universitarias.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra c)
+
+ (Pasa a ser d))
+
+
+ Impone el deber de desarrollar la investigacioÌ?n cientiÌ?fica y
+tecnoloÌ?gica, contribuyendo a la creacioÌ?n y difusioÌ?n del conocimiento en
+todas sus formas y expresiones, y su utilizacioÌ?n para solucionar las
+necesidades del paiÌ?s y sus regiones.
+
+
+1.15 Indicaciones Nºs. 26 y 27
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la sustituyen para exigir impulsar la
+investigacioÌ?n cientiÌ?fica y tecnoloÌ?gica en todas las aÌ?reas del conocimiento,
+contribuyendo al desarrollo de la creatividad y difusioÌ?n del saber en todas
+sus formas y expresiones, orientando su quehacer hacia la formacioÌ?n
+integral del ser humano.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.16 Indicaciones Nºs. 28 y 29
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, incorporan una alusioÌ?n a la
+investigacioÌ?n tecnoloÌ?gica y social e introducen enmiendas formales,
+respectivamente.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra d)
+
+ (Pasa a ser e))
+
+
+ Impone el deber de promover la creacioÌ?n artiÌ?stica y la conservacioÌ?n y
+fomento del patrimonio cultural de la NacioÌ?n.
+
+
+1.17 Indicaciones Nºs. 30, 31 y 32
+
+
+ La primera, de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la sustituye de
+modo de consagrar ademaÌ?s como objetivo "promover las humanidades".
+
+
+ La segunda, del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, agrega que deberaÌ?n tambieÌ?n
+promover el cultivo integral de las humanidades, ciencias y artes y de sus
+aÌ?reas transversales y relacionadas.
+
+
+ La tercera, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), agrega que deberaÌ?n tambieÌ?n promover el cultivo integral de las
+humanidades, ciencias y artes y de sus aÌ?reas transversales e
+interrelacionadas.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra e)
+
+ (Pasa a ser f))
+
+
+ Establece el objetivo de contribuir a una adecuada y racional
+diversificacioÌ?n de los estudios de nivel superior para garantizar
+crecientes niveles de calidad y excelencia.
+
+
+1.18 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 33
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, la sustituye para precisar que la
+garantiÌ?a de que se trata se refiere a la "excelencia y equidad".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz
+Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.19 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 34
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), la
+modifican para establecer que la norma discurre sobre estudios de nivel
+"universitario", y que la garantiÌ?a se relaciona con la "excelencia y
+equidad".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz
+Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra f)
+
+ (Pasa a ser h)
+
+
+ Establece el objetivo de desarrollar relaciones armoÌ?nicas entre las
+instituciones, propender a la interaccioÌ?n y cooperacioÌ?n acadeÌ?mica a nivel
+internacional y favorecer la vinculacioÌ?n con las demaÌ?s estructuras
+educativas.
+
+
+1.20 Indicaciones Nºs. 35 y 36
+
+
+ La primera, del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, la sustituye para exigir
+incentivar el desarrollo de relaciones entre las universidades estatales,
+propender a la interaccioÌ?n y cooperacioÌ?n acadeÌ?mica e, inclusive, la
+cooperacioÌ?n, participacioÌ?n e insercioÌ?n de ellas en la comunidad
+universitaria internacional.
+
+
+ La segunda, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), persigue precisar que el objetivo se refiere a incentivar el
+desarrollo de relaciones entre las universidades estatales, propendiendo
+ademaÌ?s a la cooperacioÌ?n, participacioÌ?n e insercioÌ?n de ellas en la comunidad
+universitaria internacional.
+
+
+ - Ambas fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra g)
+
+ (Pasa a ser i))
+
+
+ Establece el deber de desarrollar actividades de vinculacioÌ?n con la
+comunidad nacional y regional, incluidos programas de extensioÌ?n y promocioÌ?n
+del debate puÌ?blico sobre materias de intereÌ?s para el paiÌ?s o el entorno
+regional respectivo.
+
+
+1.21 Indicaciones Nºs. 37 y 38
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, la reemplazan para especificar que se trata de desarrollar
+proyectos y actividades en beneficio de la comunidad nacional y regional,
+promoviendo las consideraciones, el debate puÌ?blico y consensos sobre
+programas de extensioÌ?n, cultura y valores eÌ?ticos, en materias de intereÌ?s
+nacional y regional.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas, con enmiendas, por la unanimidad de los miembros
+de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+ Letra h)
+
+ (Pasa a ser j))
+
+
+ Relativa a transferir conocimientos y tecnologiÌ?a al sector
+productivo.
+
+
+ Este literal no fue objeto de Indicaciones. No obstante, se consigna
+aquiÌ? para advertir que se modifica como consecuencia del anaÌ?lisis de la
+IndicacioÌ?n Nº 8.
+
+
+ - Como se dijera a propoÌ?sito de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 8, fue aprobada por
+mayoriÌ?a con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y MunÌ?oz
+Barra, y los votos en contra de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ruiz-Esquide y
+Vega.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.22 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 38 bis
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, propone consultar como artiÌ?culo 2º el
+inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 3º del proyecto aprobado en general, que define
+las universidades estatales, y senÌ?ala su naturaleza juriÌ?dica y forma de
+relacionarse con el Ejecutivo.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en conformidad con lo resuelto con motivo de la
+IndicacioÌ?n Nº 1.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.22.1 ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+ (Se suprime)
+
+
+
+ Faculta a las instituciones privadas de educacioÌ?n superior para
+contribuir, en el ejercicio de su autonomiÌ?a, al cumplimiento de uno o maÌ?s
+de los objetivos a que deberaÌ?n propender las universidades estatales u
+otros que se deriven de su naturaleza, de conformidad con el respectivo
+estatuto y proyecto institucional.
+
+
+1.23 Indicaciones Nºs. 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 y 46 bis
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger, Chadwick y Viera-Gallo;
+BoÌ?eninger y Parra; Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda; Canessa; Chadwick;
+DiÌ?ez; MartiÌ?nez; NuÌ?nÌ?ez, y Vega, respectivamente, proponen suprimirlo.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.24 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 47
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, propone reemplazarlo
+por otro, que recoge criterios consagrados en el artiÌ?culo 1º aprobado por
+la ComisioÌ?n en primer informe. La norma que se consulta establece lo
+siguiente:
+
+
+ - Impone al Estado el deber de fomentar el desarrollo de la educacioÌ?n
+superior, propendiendo a que las universidades estatales cumplan sus
+objetivos en conformidad con los respectivos proyectos institucionales,
+nivel de desarrollo alcanzado y disponibilidad de recursos humanos y
+financieros.
+
+
+ - Modifica algunos de los objetivos de la universidades estatales y
+agrega otros nuevos.
+
+
+ Tal como se senÌ?alara con motivo de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 8, la ComisioÌ?n
+refundioÌ? el contenido prescriptivo de ambas proposiciones.
+
+
+ Tuvo presente sobre el particular que la nueva orientacioÌ?n conferida
+a la iniciativa permite cautelar la realidad institucional de las
+universidades estatales, en el entendido que cada una de ellas deberaÌ?
+adecuar su accioÌ?n a sus capacidades humanas y recursos financieros, en el
+contexto de sus respectivos proyectos y nivel de desarrollo.
+
+
+ - En consecuencia, fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad
+de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick,
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.25
+
+1.26 Indicaciones Nºs. 48, 49 y 50
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra; Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var
+(don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, lo sustituyen por otro, que refuerza la idea
+de que el proyecto se circunscribe a las universidades estatales, a las que
+define seguÌ?n su naturaleza juriÌ?dica, funciones preferentes y ubicacioÌ?n en
+la estructura del Estado.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.26.1 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+ (Se suprime)
+
+
+ Determina aquellas actividades que corresponderaÌ? realizar a las
+universidades estatales, de conformidad con sus respectivos estatutos y
+proyectos institucionales.
+
+
+ Agrega que las universidades estatales son instituciones de educacioÌ?n
+superior creadas por ley, de caraÌ?cter autoÌ?nomo, con personalidad juriÌ?dica y
+patrimonio propio, que se relacionaraÌ?n con el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica
+por intermedio del Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n.
+
+
+1.27 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 51
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, propone suprimirlo.
+
+
+ SeguÌ?n lo que se dijera al comienzo de este informe, la ComisioÌ?n se
+inclinoÌ? por acogerla, ubicando como nuevo artiÌ?culo 1º las ideas contenidas
+en el inciso segundo con algunas enmiendas destinadas a precisar su
+sentido.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barram Ruiz-Esquide y
+Vega.
+
+
+1.28 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 52
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, lo sustituye por otro para
+establecer, en un inciso primero, que las universidades estatales son
+instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior, creadas por ley, pertenecientes al
+patrimonio de la NacioÌ?n, cuya misioÌ?n es ocuparse en un nivel de excelencia
+de la generacioÌ?n, cultivo, transmisioÌ?n, integracioÌ?n y aplicacioÌ?n del
+conocimiento en las humanidades, las ciencias, las artes, las tecnologiÌ?as,
+las teÌ?cnicas y demaÌ?s manifestaciones de la cultura, por medio de la
+investigacioÌ?n baÌ?sica y aplicada, la docencia y extensioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En un inciso segundo, que la universidad estatal es una institucioÌ?n
+permanente de la NacioÌ?n, de caraÌ?cter autoÌ?nomo, con personalidad juriÌ?dica y
+patrimonio propio, que se relaciona con el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por
+intermedio del Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En un inciso tercero, las actividades que corresponderaÌ?n, ademaÌ?s, a
+las universidades estatales seguÌ?n sus respectivos fines, estatutos y
+proyectos institucionales.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.29 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 53
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, lo sustituye por otro, que exige a
+las universidades estatales, en conformidad con sus respectivos fines,
+estatutos y proyectos institucionales, ocuparse en un nivel avanzado, entre
+otras, de las siguientes actividades: creacioÌ?n, cultivo, transmisioÌ?n y
+aplicacioÌ?n de conocimientos por medio de la investigacioÌ?n, docencia y
+extensioÌ?n, proporcionando formacioÌ?n profesional universitaria, humaniÌ?stica,
+cientiÌ?fica, tecnoloÌ?gica y teÌ?cnica al maÌ?s alto nivel; contribuir a la
+preservacioÌ?n, incremento y difusioÌ?n de la cultura; asegurar la igualdad de
+oportunidades; formar personas responsables y emprendedoras, con conciencia
+eÌ?tica y solidaria, reflexivas y criÌ?ticas, y ejercer una alta asesoriÌ?a al
+Estado y comunidad nacional para estudiar y ofrecer soluciones, desde su
+quehacer propio, a los problemas y necesidades del desarrollo valoÌ?rico y
+material del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.30
+
+1.31 Indicaciones Nºs. 54, 55 y 56
+
+
+ La primera, del H. Senador senÌ?or
+
+Viera-Gallo, suprime el inciso primero.
+
+
+ La segunda y tercera, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y
+ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, lo reemplazan para exigir a las
+universidades estatales, en conformidad con sus respectivos fines,
+estatutos y proyectos institucionales, ocuparse en un nivel avanzado, entre
+otras, de las actividades que detalla.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.32 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 56 bis
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, intercala en el inciso primero una frase
+destinada a precisar que las universidades estatales realizaraÌ?n las
+actividades de que se trata en conformidad ademaÌ?s con las normas de este
+proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.33 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 57
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, modifica el inciso primero para que se
+entienda que la contribucioÌ?n a la solucioÌ?n de problemas y necesidades del
+desarrollo poliÌ?tico, social y econoÌ?mico concierne a todo el territorio
+nacional, especialmente de la regiones en que se encuentren las
+universidades estatales.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.34 Indicaciones Nºs. 58, 59 y 60
+
+
+ La primera y segunda, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y
+ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, suprimen el inciso segundo.
+
+
+ La tercera, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y
+Urenda, incorpora una precisioÌ?n en el inciso segundo acerca del modo en que
+las universidades estatales se relacionaraÌ?n con el Ejecutivo, sometieÌ?ndolas
+a la supervigilancia del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por intermedio del
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Las Indicaciones Nºs. 58 y 59 fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad
+de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick,
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+ - La IndicacioÌ?n Nº 60 fue aprobada con modificaciones por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick,
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.35 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 61
+
+
+ De los mismos senÌ?ores Senadores, propone consultar un artiÌ?culo 4º
+nuevo que declara universidades estatales a las siguientes: Universidades
+de Chile; de Santiago; de ValparaiÌ?so; de Antofagasta; de La Serena; del BiÌ?o-
+BiÌ?o; de la Frontera; de Magallanes; de Talca; de Atacama; de TarapacaÌ?;
+Arturo Prat; Metropolitana de Ciencias de la EducacioÌ?n; de Playa Ancha de
+Ciencias de la EducacioÌ?n; TecnoloÌ?gica Metropolitana, y de Los Lagos.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por estimarse innecesaria, por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.35.1 ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 3º)
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, prohiÌ?be a las universidades estatales
+discriminar en razoÌ?n de sexo, edad, nacionalidad, etnia o raza, condicioÌ?n
+socioeconoÌ?mica, religioÌ?n o ideologiÌ?a, garantizando que el acceso,
+permanencia y promocioÌ?n de todos sus miembros se basaraÌ? exclusivamente en
+la capacidad y meÌ?ritos personales.
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo, senÌ?ala que en el aÌ?mbito universitario se
+garantizaraÌ? la libre expresioÌ?n de las ideas y la coexistencia de las
+diferentes doctrinas y corrientes de pensamiento, sin otras limitaciones
+que las establecidas en la Carta Fundamental y la de sujetar su ejercicio a
+las normas del mutuo respeto.
+
+
+1.36 Indicaciones Nºs. 62, 63 y 63 bis
+
+
+ La primera, del H. Senador senÌ?or Viera-Gallo, reemplaza la alusioÌ?n a
+"funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos" por otra a "funcionarios administrativos y de
+servicios".
+
+
+ La segunda, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y
+Urenda, suprime el inciso segundo.
+
+
+ La uÌ?ltima, del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, sustituye el inciso segundo
+para precisar que en el aÌ?mbito universitario la libre expresioÌ?n de las
+ideas y la coexistencia de las diferentes doctrinas y corrientes de
+pensamiento no tendraÌ?n otras limitaciones que las establecidas en la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica y el respeto mutuo.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.37 ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 4º)
+
+
+ Establece la forma en que las universidades estatales obtendraÌ?n su
+financiamiento, a saber, de aportes fiscales determinados en leyes anuales
+de Presupuestos del Sector PuÌ?blico, asiÌ? como de otras fuentes puÌ?blicas y
+privadas.
+
+
+1.38 Indicaciones Nºs. 64, 65, 66 y 67
+
+
+ La primera y segunda, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y
+ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, lo reemplazan a fin de establecer
+que para el cumplimiento de sus objetivos y funciones de servicio puÌ?blico,
+las universidades estatales obtendraÌ?n su financiamiento suficiente
+preferentemente de los aportes fiscales de las leyes de presupuestos de la
+NacioÌ?n permanentes, generales o especiales, sin perjuicio de otras fuentes
+puÌ?blicas y privadas.
+
+
+ Las siguientes, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Gazmuri y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y MunÌ?oz
+Barra, respectivamente, incorporan la idea de que el financiamiento
+universitario se obtendraÌ? "preferentemente" de aportes fiscales.
+
+
+ Con motivo de la discusioÌ?n de estas Indicaciones, los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega sostuvieron que, a su juicio, deberiÌ?a haber una
+explicitacioÌ?n de la voluntad poliÌ?tica que asiste al Estado en orden al modo
+en que concurriraÌ? al financiamiento de sus instituciones de educacioÌ?n
+superior. SeriÌ?a eÌ?sta, agregaron, la manera adecuada en que el Estado
+asumiriÌ?a un compromiso econoÌ?mico acerca del desarrollo futuro del sistema
+universitario puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ Consultado el representante del Ejecutivo en relacioÌ?n con la materia,
+explicoÌ? que en los uÌ?ltimos anÌ?os ha habido un intereÌ?s expreso del Gobierno
+por la educacioÌ?n superior, manifestado en incrementos constantes de
+diversos rubros presupuestarios, a saber: del porcentaje de aporte fiscal
+directo; de los recursos destinados a ayudas estudiantiles, tanto viÌ?a
+aumento de los montos orientados a Fondos Solidarios de CreÌ?dito
+Universitario cuanto a la creacioÌ?n de diversos mecanismos de becas para
+alumnos meritorios o de bajos ingresos; de apoyo econoÌ?mico institucional,
+mediante recursos concursables para mejorar infraestructura y equipamiento
+y facilitar el acceso al financiamiento de liÌ?neas de investigacioÌ?n, entre
+otros.
+
+
+ En seguida, senÌ?aloÌ? que el problema del financiamiento de las
+universidades del Estado se encuentra regulado en leyes generales y
+especiales, que obligan a destinar recursos puÌ?blicos para los propoÌ?sitos
+resenÌ?ados. Es el caso, anÌ?adioÌ?, del decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 4, del
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, y de la ley Nº 19.287, sobre Fondos
+Solidarios de CreÌ?dito Universitario.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, dijo, el Gobierno en diversas oportunidades ha
+declarado su voluntad de revisar en profundidad los actuales mecanismos de
+financiamiento, disenÌ?ados en 1981, tarea a la que ya se ha abocado con
+especialistas y teÌ?cnicos del aÌ?rea econoÌ?mica y educacional, y que se traduce
+en recomendaciones contenidas en el informe del Proyecto
+
+MECE-Superior.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, concluyoÌ?, hasta la fecha se han hecho
+esfuerzos concretos orientados a que los recursos para las universidades
+estatales sobrepasen, en teÌ?rminos porcentuales, la tasa de crecimiento del
+Producto Interno Bruto. AsiÌ?, el monto para ayudas estudiantiles ha crecido
+cuatro veces respecto del PIB.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoeÌ?ninger y DiÌ?ez se manifestaron
+partidarios de la norma referida a financiamiento universitario propuesta
+por el Ejecutivo, por estimar que las respectivas Leyes de Presupuestos
+constituyen la manera adecuada de resolver la forma de distribucioÌ?n de
+recursos fiscales. Dichas leyes, agregaron, imponen al legislador un
+acucioso estudio de cada una de las partidas presupuestarias, por lo cual
+implican distribuir fundadamente los recursos de que dispone el erario
+armonizando la realidad financiera nacional con los requerimientos de los
+diversos oÌ?rganos y servicios que componen la estructura del Estado. Lo
+contrario, senÌ?alaron, podriÌ?a significar comprometerse con expectativas e
+intereses determinados del sector puÌ?blico que el paiÌ?s, en un momento dado,
+no se encuentre en condiciones de satisfacer.
+
+
+ Cabe consignar que el H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra explicoÌ? que esta
+IndicacioÌ?n la presentoÌ? no obstante entender que debe ser declarada
+inadmisible. Al proceder de esta manera pretende dejar constancia de su
+preocupacioÌ?n por la circunstancia de que el proyecto de ley no resuelve una
+de las mayores dificultades de las universidades estatales, esto es, la
+insuficiencia presupuestaria que las afecta desde hace algunos anÌ?os.
+
+
+ - Fueron declaradas inadmisibles por el senÌ?or Presidente de la
+ComisioÌ?n, en razoÌ?n de incidir en asuntos de iniciativa exclusiva de S.E. el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+1.39 Indicaciones Nºs. 68 y 69
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, y
+Chadwick, respectivamente, agregan un inciso segundo destinado a establecer
+que en el financiamiento de las universidades estatales se procuraraÌ? evitar
+la discriminacioÌ?n respecto de otras entidades de educacioÌ?n superior que
+reciban aporte fiscal.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.39.1 ArtiÌ?culo 6º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 5º)
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo, en sus dos primeros incisos, confiere a las
+universidades estatales autonomiÌ?a acadeÌ?mica, administrativa y econoÌ?mica,
+autorizaÌ?ndolas para ejecutar todos los actos juriÌ?dicos que contribuyan al
+cumplimiento de sus fines, en conformidad con sus respectivos estatutos y
+las facultades establecidas en el artiÌ?culo 99 de la ley Nº 18.681.
+
+
+ Consagra, ademaÌ?s, en su inciso final, el principio de prevalencia de
+las disposiciones de este proyecto y de los estatutos orgaÌ?nicos sobre las
+leyes generales, salvo cuando eÌ?stas se refieran expresamente a
+universidades estatales o, geneÌ?ricamente, a universidades o instituciones
+de educacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+1.40 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 70
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, suprime en el inciso primero la frase "con
+arreglo a la ley".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega. Tuvo presente
+sobre el particular que el nuevo artiÌ?culo 1º que se propone contempla la
+misma idea contenida en este inciso.
+
+
+1.41 Indicaciones Nºs. 71, 72 y 73
+
+
+ La primera, de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la segunda, de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, y la tercera, del H. Senador senÌ?or
+MunÌ?oz Barra, persiguen agregar, en el inciso segundo, que la autorizacioÌ?n
+para ejecutar actos juriÌ?dicos a las universidades estatales se entiende no
+soÌ?lo en el contexto de sus respectivos estatutos y de las facultades que el
+artiÌ?culo 99 de la ley Nº 18.681 les otorgan, sino tambieÌ?n de aquellas que
+contemple la legislacioÌ?n vigente.
+
+
+ - EntendieÌ?ndose que todas persiguen ideÌ?ntico propoÌ?sito, fueron
+aprobadas con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.42 Indicaciones Nºs. 74, 75 y 76
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Canessa; MunÌ?oz Barra, y RiÌ?os,
+respectivamente, suprimen el inciso final.
+
+
+ Consultado el representante del Ejecutivo respecto de los alcances de
+la norma, senÌ?aloÌ? que tradicionalmente se ha contenido en los estatutos de
+la Universidad de Chile con el objeto preciso de conferirle prevalencia,
+para evitar problemas de interpretacioÌ?n y siguiendo el principio de
+especialidad, a las normas estatutarias de esa Casa de Estudios. La idea de
+contemplarla en este proyecto de ley es soÌ?lo para otorgarle rango legal y,
+de este modo, ampliar su aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n al resto del sistema
+universitario estatal. En todo caso, su caraÌ?cter es meramente declarativo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n aun cuando coincidioÌ? con el espiÌ?ritu del inciso fue
+partidaria de su supresioÌ?n, atendido que siendo el criterio de especialidad
+en caso de conflictos normativos un principio general del derecho, su
+explicitacioÌ?n seriÌ?a innecesaria. Por otro lado, consideroÌ? equiÌ?voca la
+redaccioÌ?n propuesta.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.42.1 ArtiÌ?culo 7º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 6º)
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala los oÌ?rganos en los que residiraÌ? el gobierno universitario, sea
+en el aÌ?mbito central o de unidades acadeÌ?micas.
+
+
+1.43 Indicaciones Nºs. 77 y 78
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica y del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz
+Barra, respectivamente, lo reemplazan para senÌ?alar que el gobierno
+universitario residiraÌ? en las autoridades unipersonales superiores y en los
+oÌ?rganos colegiados superiores que este proyecto y el respectivo estatuto
+orgaÌ?nico establezcan, suprimiendo la mencioÌ?n al "aÌ?mbito central o de
+unidades acadeÌ?micas".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo por acoger con enmiendas estas Indicaciones, en
+cuanto aproboÌ? tambieÌ?n la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 81. De este modo se busca dejar
+claramente consignado que la redaccioÌ?n final de la norma no debe
+interpretarse, bajo ninguna circunstancia, como la intencioÌ?n del legislador
+por establecer un orden jeraÌ?rquico entre autoridades y oÌ?rganos
+universitarios. Tal jerarquizacioÌ?n, en consecuencia, corresponde a una
+materia propia de los estatutos de cada universidad. Por lo demaÌ?s, en
+relacioÌ?n con este tema se ha optado por senÌ?alar en este proyecto de ley
+marco soÌ?lo el contenido miÌ?nimo necesario, para que las instituciones
+decidan la estructura de poder interno que consideren conveniente.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra
+y Vega.
+
+
+1.44 Indicaciones Nºs. 79 y 80
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, y
+DiÌ?ez, respectivamente, persiguen esclarecer que se trata de una disposicioÌ?n
+relativa a las "universidades estatales".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n entiende que las proposiciones seriÌ?an innecesarias, dado
+que el aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n de la ley queda precisado en los artiÌ?culos
+iniciales.
+
+
+ - La IndicacioÌ?n Nº 79 fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ - La IndicacioÌ?n Nº 80 fue retirada por su autor.
+
+
+1.45 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 81
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, introduce enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.46 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 82
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, suprime la alusioÌ?n al "aÌ?mbito central y
+unidades acadeÌ?micas".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.46.1 ArtiÌ?culo 8º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 7º)
+
+
+ Crea en las universidades estatales un Consejo Superior y senÌ?ala, en
+ocho literales, las funciones que le corresponderaÌ?n.
+
+
+ Indicaciones Nºs. 83, 84 y 85
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+BoÌ?eninger y Parra, y MunÌ?oz Barra, respectivamente, sustituyen en el inciso
+primero la denominacioÌ?n "Consejo Superior" por "oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.47 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 86
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), agrega en
+su encabezamiento, luego de la palabra "funciones", la expresioÌ?n
+"atribuciones".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada, por estimarse innecesaria la precisioÌ?n, por la
+unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Letra a)
+
+
+ Se refiere a la funcioÌ?n de aprobar poliÌ?ticas generales de mediano y
+largo plazo sobre docencia, posgrado e investigacioÌ?n, asiÌ? como las
+poliÌ?ticas financieras y presupuestarias de la universidad.
+
+
+1.48 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 87
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la reemplaza para perfeccionar
+su redaccioÌ?n en el sentido de precisar que al Consejo compete aprobar, a
+proposicioÌ?n del Rector, las poliÌ?ticas acadeÌ?micas, administrativas y
+financieras de mediano y largo plazo de la universidad.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra b)
+
+
+ Relativa a la funcioÌ?n de aprobar el plan de desarrollo institucional,
+verificar perioÌ?dicamente su estado de avance y aprobar la creacioÌ?n de
+nuevos programas acadeÌ?micos y carreras.
+
+
+1.49 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 88
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, modifica su redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria de acogerla con enmiendas, en cuanto
+aproboÌ? tambieÌ?n la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 92. De esta manera, se sustituye la
+alusioÌ?n a "programas acadeÌ?micos y carreras" por "programas conducentes a
+tiÌ?tulos y grados", expresioÌ?n que se estima maÌ?s adecuada desde la
+perspectiva del lenguaje universitario.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra
+y Vega.
+
+
+1.50
+
+
+1.51 Indicaciones Nºs. 89 y 90
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, precisa que se trata de aprobar la "creacioÌ?n,
+modificacioÌ?n y supresioÌ?n de grados y tiÌ?tulos profesionales".
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.52 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 91
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, incluye tambieÌ?n la funcioÌ?n de aprobar la
+"eliminacioÌ?n" de los programas de que se trata.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.53 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 92
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, persigue precisar que al
+Consejo corresponderaÌ? aprobar la creacioÌ?n de nuevos programas "conducentes
+a tiÌ?tulos y grados".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra c)
+
+
+ Establece la funcioÌ?n de aprobar el presupuesto o sus modificaciones,
+pronunciaÌ?ndose a lo menos semestralmente sobre su ejecucioÌ?n.
+
+
+1.54 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 93
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, la sustituye para conferirle una
+nueva redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, en cuanto se
+acogioÌ? tambieÌ?n la IndicacioÌ?n que sustituye la alusioÌ?n a "Consejo Superior"
+por "oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+1.55 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 94
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, reemplazan la alusioÌ?n
+a Consejo Superior por "oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.56 Indicaciones Nºs. 95 y 96
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, le introducen enmiendas formales y agregan la
+funcioÌ?n de aprobar la "contratacioÌ?n de empreÌ?stitos con cargo a fondos de la
+universidad".
+
+
+ - Fueron declaradas inadmisibles por el senÌ?or Presidente de la
+ComisioÌ?n, en razoÌ?n de incidir en materias de iniciativa exclusiva del
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Letra d)
+
+
+ Relativa a la funcioÌ?n de conocer cuentas perioÌ?dicas del Rector y
+pronunciarse a su respecto.
+
+
+ Indicaciones Nºs. 97 y 98
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var,
+respectivamente, eliminan la facultad de pronunciarse respecto de las
+cuentas.
+
+
+ A juicio de la ComisioÌ?n, la frase cuya supresioÌ?n se consulta no
+tendriÌ?a objeto si no existe la intencioÌ?n legislativa de conferirle al
+pronunciamiento del oÌ?rgano colegiado superior un caraÌ?cter vinculante para
+el Rector. En todo caso, su eliminacioÌ?n tampoco obsta a la circunstancia de
+que el oÌ?rgano formule observaciones a la cuenta.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra f)
+
+
+ Referida a la funcioÌ?n de autorizar la enajenacioÌ?n o gravamen de
+bienes raiÌ?ces.
+
+
+1.57 Indicaciones Nºs. 99, 100, 101 y 102
+
+
+ La primera, del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, reemplaza el paÌ?rrafo
+segundo del literal para exigir que tales actos se vinculen directamente
+con la gestioÌ?n institucional.
+
+
+ La segunda y tercera, de los
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, sustituyen la alusioÌ?n a Consejo Superior por "oÌ?rgano
+colegiado superior".
+
+
+ La cuarta, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, suprime en
+el paÌ?rrafo segundo la mencioÌ?n al "plan de desarrollo", de manera que el
+Consejo cautele que los actos de enajenacioÌ?n o gravamen de bienes raiÌ?ces se
+vinculen directamente con la gestioÌ?n institucional.
+
+
+ - Las Indicaciones Nºs. 99 y 102 fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por
+la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ - Las Indicaciones Nºs. 100 y 101 fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad
+de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick,
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.58 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 103
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), modifica
+el paÌ?rrafo segundo para que el Consejo cautele que tales actos se vinculen
+directamente con la gestioÌ?n institucional. AdemaÌ?s, sustituye la expresioÌ?n
+Consejo por "oÌ?rgano".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra
+y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra g)
+
+
+ Establece la funcioÌ?n de proponer al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica las
+modificaciones de los estatutos de la corporacioÌ?n.
+
+
+1.59 Indicaciones Nºs. 104 y 105
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, reemplaza la alusioÌ?n a estatutos por "estatuto
+orgaÌ?nico".
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, en
+consideracioÌ?n a que la expresioÌ?n que se pretende sustituir ha sido
+tradicionalmente utilizada en el lenguaje universitario.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.60 Indicaciones Nºs. 106, 107, 108 y 109
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra; MunÌ?oz Barra; Ominami,
+y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, incorporan una nueva
+atribucioÌ?n del Consejo Superior relativa a la aprobacioÌ?n de sus propios
+reglamentos internos de funcionamiento.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.61 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 110
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, agrega
+una nueva atribucioÌ?n para el Consejo, consistente en remover al Rector por
+notable abandono de deberes o haber comprometido gravemente el patrimonio
+de la universidad. Esta remocioÌ?n deberaÌ? ser acordada por los dos tercios
+de sus miembros en ejercicio con derecho a voz y voto.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, en
+cuanto se prefiere que la remocioÌ?n sea una materia regulada por los propios
+estatutos, como lo consigna la letra d) del artiÌ?culo 14 del proyecto.
+
+
+1.61.1 ArtiÌ?culo 9º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 8º)
+
+
+ Esta disposicioÌ?n establece, en el inciso primero, que los estatutos
+determinaraÌ?n la integracioÌ?n del Consejo Superior y el quoÌ?rum para sesionar
+y adoptar acuerdos. AdemaÌ?s senÌ?ala, en cuatro literales, las personas que
+tendraÌ?n en eÌ?l derecho a voz y voto, a saber, el Rector y representantes del
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, de acadeÌ?micos, estudiantes y funcionarios no
+acadeÌ?micos.
+
+
+ Su inciso final prescribe, entre otros aspectos, que los
+representantes del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica corresponderaÌ?n a la cuarta
+parte del total de miembros del Consejo con derecho a voz y voto, y que en
+el caso de universidades regionales deberaÌ?n tener domicilio y clara
+identificacioÌ?n con la regioÌ?n en que la Casa de Estudios tenga su sede.
+
+
+ Indicaciones Nºs. 111 y 112
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+BoÌ?eninger y Parra, respectivamente, sustituyen el inciso primero con el fin
+de que sea el estatuto orgaÌ?nico el que establezca la denominacioÌ?n,
+composicioÌ?n y requisitos de los integrantes del oÌ?rgano colegiado superior,
+la duracioÌ?n en sus cargos, y el quoÌ?rum para sesionar y adoptar acuerdos.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra
+y Vega, en cuanto se refundieron con la redaccioÌ?n propuesta en la
+IndicacioÌ?n Nº 113.
+
+
+1.62 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 113
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone sustituir el inciso primero
+a fin de encargar al estatuto fijar la denominacioÌ?n y composicioÌ?n del
+oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, requisitos para integrarlo, quoÌ?rum para sesionar
+y adoptar acuerdos y duracioÌ?n de los consejeros en sus cargos.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.63 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 114
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, reemplazan en el
+inciso primero la denominacioÌ?n Consejo Superior por "oÌ?rgano colegiado
+superior".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.64 Indicaciones Nºs. 115 y 116
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, sustituyen en el encabezamiento del inciso
+segundo la expresioÌ?n "organismo" por "oÌ?rgano".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra b)
+
+
+ Referida a los representantes elegidos por el sector acadeÌ?mico o por
+unidades acadeÌ?micas, en la forma que establezca el estatuto.
+
+
+1.65 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 117
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, elimina la posibilidad de
+representantes elegidos por "unidades acadeÌ?micas", en armoniÌ?a con lo
+acordado para el artiÌ?culo 7º, al analizar las Indicaciones Nºs. 77 y 78.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, en
+armoniÌ?a con lo acordado para el artiÌ?culo 7º.
+
+
+1.66 Indicaciones Nºs. 118 y 119
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la sustituye para precisar que se trata de
+"representantes del sector acadeÌ?mico elegidos en la forma que establezca el
+estatuto", eliminando, al igual que la anterior, la referencia a "unidades
+acadeÌ?micas".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones formales por la unanimidad de
+los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick,
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra c)
+
+
+ Relativa a los representantes del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+1.67 Indicaciones Nºs. 120 y 121
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, y
+Chadwick, respectivamente, la suprimen.
+
+
+ - Fueron declaradas inadmisibles por el senÌ?or Presidente de la
+ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+1.68 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 122
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la sustituye para fijar la
+representacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo en tres consejeros, o cuatro cuando el oÌ?rgano
+colegiado superior esteÌ? compuesto de veinte o maÌ?s miembros. AdemaÌ?s,
+traslada el contenido del inciso final de este artiÌ?culo como paÌ?rrafo
+segundo de este literal, eliminando la idea de que los representantes del
+Ejecutivo equivaldraÌ?n a la cuarta parte del total de miembros del Consejo.
+
+
+ Consultado el personero de Gobierno respecto de los alcances de la
+norma, sostuvo que persigue generar condiciones de proporcionalidad al
+interior de los oÌ?rganos colegiados superiores que posibiliten a los
+representantes del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica capacidad para transmitir
+adecuadamente los intereses gubernamentales en asuntos de poliÌ?tica de
+educacioÌ?n superior. Bajo ninguna circunstancia se persigue afectar la
+autonomiÌ?a universitaria, sino soÌ?lo contar con mecanismos idoÌ?neos para hacer
+valer los intereses puÌ?blicos en la conduccioÌ?n institucional.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ? fijar en tres consejeros el nuÌ?mero de
+representantes del Ejecutivo en el oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, cualquiera
+sea la cantidad de miembros que lo integren.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or BoÌ?eninger no obstante considerar razonable la
+proposicioÌ?n, senÌ?aloÌ? que su aÌ?nimo habriÌ?a sido disminuir en todo lo posible
+la representacioÌ?n de que se trata.
+
+
+ - Con dicha modificacioÌ?n, fue aprobada por mayoriÌ?a con el voto de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, y el voto en contra del H.
+Senador senÌ?or Chadwick.
+
+
+1.69 Indicaciones Nºs. 123, 124, 125 y 126
+
+
+ La primera, del H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa, reemplaza la letra c) de
+manera que al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica le corresponda soÌ?lo un
+representante en el Consejo Superior.
+
+
+ La segunda, del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, la reemplaza para establecer
+que se trata de "representantes del gobierno regional".
+
+
+ La tercera y cuarta, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y
+ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la modifican para dejar en "dos"
+los representantes del Ejecutivo.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, como
+consecuencia de lo acordado para la IndicacioÌ?n precedente.
+
+
+ Letra d)
+
+
+ Relativa a los representantes de los estudiantes y de los
+funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos.
+
+
+1.70
+
+
+1.71 Indicaciones Nºs. 127 y 128
+
+
+ La primera, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y
+Urenda, la sustituye para conferir a representantes estudiantiles y
+funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos soÌ?lo derecho a voz en el Consejo.
+
+
+ La segunda, del H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa, la reemplaza para suprimir
+del Consejo Superior al representante de los funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo por mantener la norma acordada en el primer
+informe, fundada en que conferirle a los estudiantes y a los funcionarios
+no acadeÌ?micos derecho a voz y voto en el oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, con el
+nuÌ?mero de representantes que en tal informe se fija, los compromete a
+actuar de manera solidaria y responsable en beneficio de los intereses de
+la universidad y de sus objetivos institucionales.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.72 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 129
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or NuÌ?nÌ?ez, propone reemplazar el literal con el fin
+de que aluda geneÌ?ricamente a "representantes de los estudiantes y de los
+funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos", los cuales deberaÌ?n ser elegidos en votacioÌ?n
+directa por sus estamentos en conformidad con los reglamentos de la
+universidad.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, quienes
+estuvieron por mantener el nuÌ?mero de representantes estudiantiles y no
+acadeÌ?micos del primer informe.
+
+
+1.73 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 130
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Viera-Gallo, sustituye la alusioÌ?n a funcionarios
+no acadeÌ?micos por funcionarios "administrativos y de servicios".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, en
+consideracioÌ?n a que la expresioÌ?n que se pretende sustituir ha sido
+tradicionalmente aceptada en el lenguaje universitario.
+
+
+1.74 Indicaciones Nºs. 131 y 132
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, persigue precisar que estos representantes seraÌ?n
+elegidos "en la forma establecida en el estatuto", y no en "los
+reglamentos" como se propone.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.75 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 133
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Chadwick, suprime la posibilidad de dos
+representantes estudiantiles en Consejos de maÌ?s de doce miembros.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por mayoriÌ?a, con el voto de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, y el voto favorable a la IndicacioÌ?n de su autor.
+
+
+1.76 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 134
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, sustituyen la alusioÌ?n
+a Consejo Superior por "oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.77 Indicaciones Nºs. 135, 136, 137, 138 y 139
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Chadwick; Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), y Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange
+y Urenda, respectivamente, eliminan el inciso tercero.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de lo anterior, las Indicaciones siguientes (140 a
+151) fueron rechazadas, como se senÌ?ala a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.78 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 140
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, reemplazan la primera
+oracioÌ?n del inciso tercero para establecer que las personas designadas por
+el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica seraÌ?n tres si el oÌ?rgano colegiado superior
+estaÌ? compuesto por menos de veinte integrantes, o cuatro si contara con
+veinte o maÌ?s miembros.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.79 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 141
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, sustituye en el inciso tercero las
+alusiones al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por "Gobierno Regional".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.80 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 142
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, reduce la representacioÌ?n del
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica en el Consejo al 20% del total de miembros con
+derecho a voz y voto.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.81 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 143
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Viera-Gallo, modifica el inciso final para
+reducir la representacioÌ?n del Ejecutivo en el Consejo a "un quinto" de sus
+miembros.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.82 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 144
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Gazmuri y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, modifica el inciso
+final con el objeto de precisar que las personas que designe el Presidente
+de la RepuÌ?blica para representarlo en el Consejo deberaÌ?n tener reconocida
+experiencia en actividades acadeÌ?micas o directivas "en universidades
+estatales".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.83 Indicaciones Nºs. 145, 146 y 147
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Gazmuri y NuÌ?nÌ?ez; Viera-Gallo, y RiÌ?os,
+respectivamente, introducen en el inciso final enmiendas de teÌ?cnica
+legislativa.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.84 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 148
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, persigue consignar que el legislador
+discurre respecto de las universidades estatales.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.85 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 149
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Viera-Gallo, sustituye la alusioÌ?n a sede por
+"domicilio legal".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.86 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 150
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, incorpora en el inciso final la
+idea de que se trata de la regioÌ?n donde la universidad tenga su sede
+"principal".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.87 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 151
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, precisa en el inciso final que en el caso
+de universidades regionales las designaciones de representantes del
+Ejecutivo deberaÌ?n hacerse sobre la base de la terna propuesta por el
+respectivo Consejo Regional.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.88 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 152
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Viera-Gallo, incorpora una oracioÌ?n final en el
+inciso tercero, en virtud de la cual lo dispuesto en cuanto al requisito de
+domicilio de los miembros del Consejo, no se aplicaraÌ? en aquellas
+universidades cuyo domicilio legal se encuentre en la RegioÌ?n Metropolitana.
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n estuvo por acogerla, en el entendido de que se trata
+de una norma que configura una situacioÌ?n de discriminacioÌ?n positiva en
+beneficio de aquellas universidades domiciliadas en regiones distintas de
+la Metropolitana.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que a juicio del H. Senador senÌ?or Parra, la proposicioÌ?n
+se justificariÌ?a si se hubiera concebido soÌ?lo para la Universidad de Chile,
+dada su vocacioÌ?n de institucioÌ?n nacional. Este aspecto, agregoÌ?, se
+relaciona con la circunstancia de que existen en la RegioÌ?n Metropolitana
+universidades que tienen caraÌ?cter regional, mencionando el caso de las
+Universidades de Santiago de Chile, Metropolitana de Ciencias de la
+EducacioÌ?n y TecnoloÌ?gica Metropolitana.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.88.1 ArtiÌ?culo 10
+
+ (Pasa a ser 9º)
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, instituye al Rector como representante legal y
+maÌ?xima autoridad unipersonal y de caraÌ?cter ejecutivo de las universidades
+estatales. En el inciso segundo, regula su forma de nombramiento,
+entendiendo que quienes tienen grado acadeÌ?mico de licenciado cumplen el
+requisito de titulo profesional para postular como candidatos al cargo.
+
+
+1.89 Indicaciones Nºs. 153, 154, 155 y 156
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), y MunÌ?oz Barra, respectivamente,
+recaiÌ?das en el inciso primero, eliminan la alusioÌ?n al "caraÌ?cter ejecutivo"
+de la autoridad del Rector y agregan que eÌ?ste tendraÌ? la calidad de jefe
+superior de servicio.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n entiende que esta norma viene a reconocer legalmente una
+figura juriÌ?dica y praÌ?ctica actualmente existente. AdemaÌ?s, se enmarca en la
+idea de que las universidades estatales son servicios puÌ?blicos.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez,
+MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega.
+
+
+1.90 Indicaciones Nºs. 157 y 158
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, intercalan un nuevo inciso segundo que entrega al
+Rector la facultad de adoptar todas las medidas conducentes a dirigir y
+administrar las actividades acadeÌ?micas, administrativas y financieras de la
+universidad al maÌ?s alto nivel, las que podraÌ? delegar.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n consideroÌ? inconveniente la proposicioÌ?n, prefirieÌ?ndose, en
+cambio, que sean los estatutos los que precisen los alcances y contenido
+exacto de la declaracioÌ?n legislativa seguÌ?n la cual el Rector es el jefe
+superior del servicio y la maÌ?xima autoridad unipersonal de la universidad.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.91 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 159
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda,
+reemplaza su inciso segundo, a fin de precisar que el Rector seraÌ? nombrado
+de entre los tres acadeÌ?micos pertenecientes a las tres maÌ?s altas jerarquiÌ?as
+de la universidad.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, dado
+que se trata de una materia ya regulada por la ley Nº 19.305.
+
+
+1.92 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 160
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, introduce enmiendas formales en el
+inciso segundo.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.92.1 ArtiÌ?culo 11
+
+ (Pasa a ser 10)
+
+
+ En el inciso primero crea en las universidades estatales un oÌ?rgano
+superior de control de legalidad y auditoriÌ?a interna a cargo de un
+Contralor. En los incisos segundo y tercero, regula su forma de
+nombramiento, remocioÌ?n y duracioÌ?n, asiÌ? como requisitos para ser nombrado
+como tal.
+
+
+1.93 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 161
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone incorporar enmiendas de
+redaccioÌ?n en su inciso primero.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.94 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 162 y 163
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra, y BoÌ?eninger y Parra,
+respectivamente, reemplazan en el inciso segundo la mencioÌ?n al Consejo
+Superior por otra a "oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.95 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 164
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone incorporar enmiendas de
+referencia en su inciso segundo.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.96 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 165
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, introduce enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n en
+su inciso segundo.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.97 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 166
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, propone establecer, en el inciso segundo,
+el quoÌ?rum de los dos tercios de los miembros del Consejo para acordar la
+remocioÌ?n del Contralor.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.98
+
+1.99 Indicaciones Nºs. 167 y 168
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, y MunÌ?oz Barra,
+respectivamente, precisan en el inciso segundo que el quoÌ?rum para acordar
+la remocioÌ?n del Contralor por el oÌ?rgano colegiado superior es el de la
+mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros "en ejercicio".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.100 Indicaciones Nºs. 169 y 170
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, suprimen en el inciso tercero la idea de que el
+Contralor duraraÌ? seis anÌ?os en el cargo.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.100.1 ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+ (Pasa a ser 11)
+
+
+ Dispone que las autoridades de las universidades estatales, dentro de
+su competencia y en los niveles que corresponda seguÌ?n los respectivos
+estatutos, responderaÌ?n de su gestioÌ?n y velaraÌ?n por el cumplimiento de las
+obligaciones funcionarias del personal universitario.
+
+
+1.101 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 171
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda,
+precisa que dichas autoridades responderaÌ?n de su gestioÌ?n "ante el Rector".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? innecesaria la proposicioÌ?n, atendido que siendo el
+Rector el jefe superior del servicio la responsabilidad de los funcionarios
+deberaÌ? cumplirse ante eÌ?ste.
+
+
+ Con todo, para conferirle una nueva redaccioÌ?n al artiÌ?culo sobre que
+versa, que facilite su interpretacioÌ?n, estuvo por acogerla con enmiendas,
+entregando a los estatutos la determinacioÌ?n de las normas en cuya virtud
+las autoridades responderaÌ?n de su gestioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y
+Vega.
+
+
+1.101.1 ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+ (Se suprime)
+
+
+ En el inciso primero, establece la responsabilidad administrativa de
+los funcionarios de universidades estatales trataÌ?ndose de infracciones
+susceptibles de medidas disciplinarias, acreditadas mediante investigacioÌ?n
+sumaria o sumario administrativo.
+
+
+ AnÌ?ade que si se estimare que los hechos deben ser objeto de medidas
+disciplinarias o cuando asiÌ? lo senÌ?ale el estatuto, se ordenaraÌ? la
+instruccioÌ?n de investigacioÌ?n sumaria o sumario administrativo para
+comprobar tales circunstancias e individualizar a los responsables,
+designando al efecto un investigador o fiscal.
+
+
+1.102 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 172
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, para suprimirlo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria de acogerla, en concordancia con lo
+resuelto para la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 227, que maÌ?s adelante se describe.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que para precaver problemas de interpretacioÌ?n, y aun
+cuando en estricto derecho no seriÌ?a necesario dado lo prescrito en el
+inciso final del artiÌ?culo 45 de la ley Nº 18.575, se introduce en el inciso
+segundo del artiÌ?culo 15 una norma de resguardo al tenor de la cual las
+normas legales y estatutarias deberaÌ?n ajustarse a lo prescrito en el
+PaÌ?rrafo 2º de la citada ley. Lo anterior implica, a juicio de la ComisioÌ?n,
+que la responsabilidad administrativa del personal universitario se regiraÌ?
+tambieÌ?n por esta uÌ?ltima ley, especialmente en materia de investigacioÌ?n o
+sumario administrativo.
+
+
+ En virtud de este acuerdo, las Indicaciones siguientes (172 bis a
+182) fueron rechazadas, seguÌ?n se consignaraÌ?.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.103 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 172 bis
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, sustituye la norma para agregarle dos
+nuevos incisos que contienen normas procedimentales.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.104 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 173
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda,
+reemplaza el inciso primero, estableciendo que los funcionarios responderaÌ?n
+administrativamente cuando infrinjan sus deberes y obligaciones
+funcionarias. AnÌ?ade que esta responsabilidad seraÌ? acreditada mediante
+investigacioÌ?n sumaria o sumario administrativo y daraÌ? lugar a las medidas
+disciplinarias que legalmente correspondan.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.105 Indicaciones Nºs. 174, 175 y 176
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, precisan que los
+funcionarios incurriraÌ?n tambieÌ?n en responsabilidad administrativa cuando
+infrinjan prohibiciones.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+1.106 Indicaciones Nºs. 177 y 178
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, incorporan una enmienda formal en el inciso
+primero.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.107 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 179
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone precisar en el inciso
+primero que la instruccioÌ?n de investigacioÌ?n sumaria o sumario
+administrativo dependeraÌ? de la gravedad de los hechos.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.108 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 180
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), recaiÌ?da
+en el inciso segundo, persigue establecer que las medidas disciplinarias
+tambieÌ?n pueden estar determinadas en los reglamentos internos de la
+universidad.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.109 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 181
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, introduce una enmienda de
+referencia en el inciso segundo.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.110 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 182
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone agregar tres nuevos incisos
+que regulan en lo fundamental el procedimiento que deberaÌ? observarse para
+el juzgamiento de los hechos.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.110.1 ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+ (Pasa a ser 12)
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala, en diez literales, el contenido miÌ?nimo al que deberaÌ?n
+ajustarse los estatutos orgaÌ?nicos de las universidades estatales.
+
+
+ Letra a)
+
+
+ Exige que los estatutos contengan el nombre y domicilio de la
+universidad.
+
+
+1.111 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 183
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce una enmienda formal.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra b)
+
+
+ Exige contener la misioÌ?n y fines que persigue la institucioÌ?n,
+caracteriÌ?sticas especiÌ?ficas, aÌ?mbito de accioÌ?n preferente, entre otros
+aspectos.
+
+
+1.112 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 184
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la sustituye de manera que se
+refiera soÌ?lo a "misioÌ?n y fines" de la universidad.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.113 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 185
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce una enmienda formal.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra c)
+
+
+ Relativa a normas generales que regiraÌ?n el quehacer de la universidad
+y procedimientos para evaluacioÌ?n sistemaÌ?tica de actividades.
+
+
+1.114 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 186
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la sustituye para que contenga
+alusioÌ?n geneÌ?rica a normas "referidas" a la evaluacioÌ?n sistemaÌ?tica de
+actividades de la universidad.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.115 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 187
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, la sustituye introducieÌ?ndole
+enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n. AdemaÌ?s, elimina la alusioÌ?n al caraÌ?cter "general"
+de las normas en cuestioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.116 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 188
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, la modifica para
+precisar que los estatutos contendraÌ?n normas generales "referidas a"
+evaluacioÌ?n sistemaÌ?tica de actividades.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra d)
+
+
+ Relativa a las bases generales de la estructura de gobierno y
+organizacioÌ?n administrativa.
+
+
+1.117 Indicaciones Nºs. 189, 190 y 191
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la sustituyen
+para que aluda soÌ?lo a normas sobre "bases generales de la estructura de
+gobierno y de la organizacioÌ?n acadeÌ?mica y administrativa" de la
+universidad.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.118 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 192
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce enmiendas de
+redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra e)
+
+ (Se suprime)
+
+
+ Referida a bases de la estructura y organizacioÌ?n acadeÌ?mica de la
+universidad, atribuciones y forma de designacioÌ?n, integracioÌ?n, eleccioÌ?n y
+remocioÌ?n de autoridades unipersonales o colegiadas.
+
+
+1.119 Indicaciones Nºs. 193, 194 y 195
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var, respectivamente, la eliminan.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en
+concordancia con lo resuelto para el literal precedente.
+
+
+1.120 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 196
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le incorpora enmiendas formales.
+
+
+ - Fue retirada por su autor.
+
+
+1.121 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 197
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, suprime la alusioÌ?n a "bases".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra f)
+
+ (Pasa a ser e))
+
+
+ Referida a normas generales sobre participacioÌ?n de miembros de la
+comunidad universitaria en la orientacioÌ?n y desarrollo de actividades
+institucionales.
+
+
+1.122 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 198
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce enmiendas de
+redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.123 Indicaciones Nºs. 199 y 200
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, modifica el paÌ?rrafo primero del literal para
+precisar que el estatuto contendraÌ? normas que regulen el sistema de
+eleccioÌ?n de autoridades.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.124 Indicaciones Nºs. 201 y 202
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), y RiÌ?os,
+respectivamente, suprimen su paÌ?rrafo segundo.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.125 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 203
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Gazmuri y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, modifica el segundo
+paÌ?rrafo de manera de efectuar una alusioÌ?n geneÌ?rica a "representantes de los
+estudiantes y de los funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos" en esta norma.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n fue partidaria de acoger con modificaciones esta
+IndicacioÌ?n, en el sentido de suprimir del inciso las menciones a la
+participacioÌ?n de acadeÌ?micos en procesos de designacioÌ?n de Rector y eleccioÌ?n
+de representantes en el oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, puesto que ambas
+materias se encuentran reguladas en el artiÌ?culo 9º (que pasa a ser 8º).
+Por ideÌ?ntica razoÌ?n, estuvo por eliminar la referencia a la participacioÌ?n de
+los estudiantes en la integracioÌ?n del oÌ?rgano colegiado superior.
+
+
+ Como resultado de lo anterior, confirioÌ? a la norma una redaccioÌ?n que
+mantiene, por una parte, la obligacioÌ?n de que los estatutos consideren y
+regulen la participacioÌ?n de acadeÌ?micos en el nombramiento de autoridades
+unipersonales y en la integracioÌ?n de oÌ?rganos colegiados al nivel de unidad
+acadeÌ?mica y, por otra, el deber de considerar la participacioÌ?n de uno o dos
+representantes estudiantiles en oÌ?rganos colegiados de gobierno distintos al
+superior, o correspondientes al nivel de unidad acadeÌ?mica.
+
+
+ - En los teÌ?rminos senÌ?alados, fue aprobada con modificaciones por la
+unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+1.126 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 204
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, pluraliza la alusioÌ?n
+a "unidad acadeÌ?mica" que se consigna en el paÌ?rrafo segundo del literal.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.127 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 205
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, suprime el paÌ?rrafo tercero del literal, que exige fomentar
+la interaccioÌ?n de acadeÌ?micos y estudiantes en materias de extensioÌ?n
+cultural, servicios comunitarios, bienestar, evaluacioÌ?n de docencia y
+consulta.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.128 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 206
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, recaiÌ?da en el paÌ?rrafo tercero,
+suprime la "consulta" a acadeÌ?micos y estudiantes entre las actividades a
+ser fomentadas por las universidades.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra g)
+
+ (Pasa a ser f))
+
+
+ Relativa a normas generales que reglamentaraÌ?n procesos de seleccioÌ?n,
+promocioÌ?n y remocioÌ?n del personal.
+
+
+1.129 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 207
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, la
+suprime.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.130 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 208
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce enmiendas de
+redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra h)
+
+ (Pasa a ser g))
+
+
+ Relativa a derechos y obligaciones fundamentales del personal
+universitario.
+
+
+1.131 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 209
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, la
+suprime.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.132 Indicaciones Nºs. 210 y 211
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la sustituyen para que los estatutos contengan
+normas sobre derechos, obligaciones y prohibiciones del personal, en
+conformidad con poliÌ?ticas institucionales. AdemaÌ?s, elimina la posibilidad
+de fijar normas especiÌ?ficas en la materia para ciertas funciones o
+categoriÌ?as de funcionarios.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+1.133 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 212
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce una enmienda formal.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.134 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 213
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os, agrega un paÌ?rrafo segundo nuevo a este
+literal, en cuya virtud las universidades deberaÌ?n establecer en sus
+estatutos normas sobre capacitacioÌ?n y perfeccionamiento del personal, y
+senÌ?alar los requisitos de promocioÌ?n en la carrera funcionaria, garantizando
+igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso a estos programas.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en
+conformidad con lo senÌ?alado a propoÌ?sito de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 172.
+
+
+ Letra i)
+
+ (Pasa a ser h))
+
+
+ Referida a organismos responsables de la aprobacioÌ?n y gestioÌ?n de los
+presupuestos, y mecanismos de control de su ejecucioÌ?n.
+
+
+1.135 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 214
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, precisa que se trata tambieÌ?n
+de "autoridades" responsables de la aprobacioÌ?n y gestioÌ?n de los
+presupuestos.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.136 Indicaciones Nºs. 215, 216 y 217
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra; Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var
+(don AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, precisan que se trata de "oÌ?rganos y
+funcionarios responsables" de tales actos.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en cuanto se armonizaron con lo acordado para la
+IndicacioÌ?n precedente.
+
+
+ Letra j)
+
+ (Pasa a ser i))
+
+
+ Relativa a aprobacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de normativa interna que no sea
+materia de ley o estatuto.
+
+
+1.137 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 218
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, la sustituye para incorporar
+la idea de que las normas sobre aprobacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de la normativa
+interna se entiende en conformidad con las atribuciones y competencias de
+las autoridades pertinentes.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas de forma por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.138 Indicaciones Nºs. 219 y 220
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, la reemplazan para que los estatutos determinen
+"la forma de dictacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de la normativa y reglamentacioÌ?n
+internas, en conformidad con las atribuciones y competencias de las
+autoridades pertinentes".
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+
+1.139 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 221
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, precisa que los
+estatutos regularaÌ?n las "formas" de aprobacioÌ?n o modificacioÌ?n de normativas
+internas.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.140 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 222
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce una enmienda formal.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.140.1 ArtiÌ?culo 15
+
+ (Pasa a ser 13)
+
+
+ En su inciso primero, entrega a los estatutos de las universidades
+estatales, considerados de caraÌ?cter especial para los efectos de las leyes
+Nºs. 18.575 y 18.834, fijar normas baÌ?sicas sobre carrera funcionaria,
+acadeÌ?mica y administrativa, y garantizar capacitacioÌ?n y perfeccionamiento
+del personal.
+
+
+ En su inciso segundo, somete al personal universitario a las normas
+de este proyecto de ley y sus reglamentos y, supletoriamente, a la ley Nº
+18.834 o el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo, seguÌ?n lo indique el estatuto.
+
+
+ En su inciso tercero, prescribe que las remuneraciones del personal
+universitario sean determinadas seguÌ?n las normas orgaÌ?nicas de cada
+universidad.
+
+
+1.141 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 223
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, lo
+sustituyen por otro, al tenor del cual las universidades estatales se
+regiraÌ?n por la ley Nº 18.575 y el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.142 Indicaciones Nºs. 224 y 225
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, recaiÌ?das en el inciso primero, persiguen que el
+estatuto no soÌ?lo asegure sino que "contemple" capacitacioÌ?n y
+perfeccionamiento del personal.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ IndicacioÌ?n Nº 226
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, destinada a exigir,
+en el inciso primero, que el estatuto de la universidad establezca normas
+relativas a "instancias y mecanismos" de capacitacioÌ?n y perfeccionamiento
+del personal.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones destinadas a mejorar la redaccioÌ?n
+del inciso, por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.143 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 227
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Gazmuri y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, reemplaza el inciso
+segundo, de manera de fijar el siguiente orden de prelacioÌ?n de normas que
+regiraÌ?n a las universidades estatales: disposiciones de este proyecto, de
+los estatutos orgaÌ?nicos y, supletoriamente, de la ley Nº 18.834, Estatuto
+Administrativo, suprimiendo de la norma la alusioÌ?n al "CoÌ?digo del Trabajo".
+
+
+ Consultado el Jefe de la DivisioÌ?n de EducacioÌ?n Superior respecto de
+la materia, senÌ?aloÌ? que el criterio que ha inspirado al Ejecutivo se funda
+en la idea de que siendo servicios puÌ?blicos las universidades estatales
+estaÌ?n sometidas a la ley Nº 18.575, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Bases de la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado. Su naturaleza juriÌ?dica, agregoÌ?, debe entenderse
+con rasgos especiales derivados de la circunstancia de ser instituciones
+que gozan de autonomiÌ?a administrativa, financiera y acadeÌ?mica, conforme a
+la ley Nº 18.962. Esta manera de entender el problema se veriÌ?a reforzada
+al declararse legislativamente que los estatutos universitarios se miraraÌ?n
+como de caraÌ?cter "especial" para los efectos previstos en los artiÌ?culos 45,
+inciso segundo, y 156 de las leyes Nºs. 18.575 y 18.834.
+
+
+ ExplicoÌ?, en seguida, que si se quisiera describir el marco normativo
+que rige a estas universidades cabriÌ?a establecer un orden de prelacioÌ?n
+ocupado, en primer teÌ?rmino, por la citada Ley de Bases, luego, por los
+respectivos estatutos y, finalmente, y de manera supletoria, por el
+Estatuto Administrativo o el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo, seguÌ?n la opcioÌ?n acordada
+en el primer informe.
+
+
+ Ante una inquietud surgida en el seno de la ComisioÌ?n, el personero
+afirmoÌ? que para el Gobierno el PaÌ?rrafo 2º de la ley Nº 18.575, relativo a
+la carrera funcionaria, regiriÌ?a en todo caso. Sostuvo que cuando la norma
+discurre en la hipoÌ?tesis de que las relaciones juriÌ?dico laborales entre la
+universidad y el personal pueden estar reguladas en forma supletoria por el
+CoÌ?digo del Trabajo, lo que se ha buscado es dar la posibilidad para que se
+acuerden beneficios y derechos que este cuerpo legal consagra en favor de
+los trabajadores. Es de toda loÌ?gica, argumentoÌ?, que esas estipulaciones no
+podriÌ?an contener ninguna disposicioÌ?n que afectara los principios
+consagrados en el PaÌ?rrafo 2º de la ley Nº 18.575.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or BoÌ?eninger sostuvo que el viÌ?nculo estatutario como
+uÌ?nico modelo de relacioÌ?n entre el trabajador y el "empleador Estado"
+tenderiÌ?a a hacer crisis en la actualidad. En su opinioÌ?n, tal modelo podriÌ?a
+ser sustituido por formas contractuales sin que por ello los trabajadores
+sufrieran riesgos en cuanto a sus derechos y garantiÌ?as laborales. EstimoÌ?
+conveniente, por lo mismo, flexibilizar el reÌ?gimen basado en el estatuto,
+lo cual contribuiriÌ?a a que las partes involucradas pudieran estipular con
+entera libertad mejores condiciones de trabajo y sustanciales incrementos
+remuneracionales y de beneficios sociales.
+
+
+ El H. Senador Parra hizo presente, en ideÌ?ntica liÌ?nea de
+argumentacioÌ?n, que de no optarse por la flexibilizacioÌ?n en comentario las
+universidades estatales perderaÌ?n competitividad y quedaraÌ?n afectadas en su
+capacidad para estructurar de manera adecuada, al tenor de sus realidades
+institucionales, lo que maÌ?s convenga a sus intereses de administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide fueron enfaÌ?ticos
+en senÌ?alar que los propoÌ?sitos de flexibilizacioÌ?n no deben confundirse con
+la intromisioÌ?n de elementos extranÌ?os en el tipo de relacioÌ?n juriÌ?dica que
+tradicionalmente ha regido al personal universitario y las respectivas
+universidades estatales. Se trata, agregaron, de una relacioÌ?n de derecho
+puÌ?blico fundada en el respeto a la jerarquiÌ?a y el amparo a la funcioÌ?n que
+desempenÌ?an los trabajadores. Concluyeron manifestaÌ?ndose en desacuerdo con
+la posibilidad de reducir el reÌ?gimen de los funcionarios puÌ?blicos a las
+normas de Derecho Laboral Privado.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick y DiÌ?ez, por su parte, abogaron por
+la referida flexibilizacioÌ?n por considerarla un componente esencial del
+propoÌ?sito legislativo que inspira el Mensaje, en orden a facilitar las
+condiciones de competitividad de las universidades del Estado.
+
+
+ Sometida a votacioÌ?n la supresioÌ?n de la alusioÌ?n al CoÌ?digo del Trabajo
+del artiÌ?culo en anaÌ?lisis, se pronunciaron por el rechazo de esta
+alternativa los
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Vega, y por su aprobacioÌ?n los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y
+
+Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+ En todo caso, la ComisioÌ?n reiteroÌ? en la norma la idea de que los
+estatutos deberaÌ?n ajustarse al PaÌ?rrafo 2º de la ley Nº 18.575, sobre
+carrera funcionaria. AsiÌ?, se precaveriÌ?an conflictos de interpretacioÌ?n y
+quedariÌ?a explicitada, en virtud de esta remisioÌ?n normativa, el espiÌ?ritu del
+legislador de que la responsabilidad administrativa de los funcionarios
+universitarios se rija por ese texto legal.
+
+
+ - En consecuencia, la IndicacioÌ?n fue rechazada por mayoriÌ?a con los
+votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Vega, y el voto
+favorable a la proposicioÌ?n de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y
+
+Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.144 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 228
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, consulta en el inciso segundo
+enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por mayoriÌ?a con los votos de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Vega, y el voto favorable a la proposicioÌ?n de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.145 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 229
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, recaiÌ?da en el inciso segundo,
+incorpora entre las normas a que quedaraÌ?n sometidas las universidades
+estatales a las del "respectivo estatuto orgaÌ?nico".
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.146 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 230
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, recaiÌ?da en el inciso segundo,
+persigue aludir tambieÌ?n a los "respectivos estatutos orgaÌ?nicos" entre las
+normas que regiraÌ?n a las universidades estatales.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+1.147
+
+1.148 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 231
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, recaiÌ?da en el inciso segundo,
+suprime la alusioÌ?n al CoÌ?digo del Trabajo.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por mayoriÌ?a con los votos de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Vega, y el voto favorable a la proposicioÌ?n de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.149 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 232
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, recaiÌ?da en el inciso tercero,
+modifica su redaccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los miembros
+de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-
+Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+ Indicaciones Nºs. 233, 234 y 235
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+y BoÌ?eninger y Parra, respectivamente, sustituyen el inciso tercero para
+agregar "cargos y funciones" entre los aspectos a ser regulados tambieÌ?n en
+conformidad con las normas orgaÌ?nicas de cada universidad.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con modificaciones por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.149.1 ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+ (Pasa a ser 14)
+
+
+ Considera funcionarios universitarios a quienes, previo nombramiento
+de autoridad competente, desempenÌ?an funciones de la universidad o
+complementarias de eÌ?stas. AdemaÌ?s, entiende como funcionarios acadeÌ?micos a
+quienes realizan tareas de docencia, investigacioÌ?n, creacioÌ?n y extensioÌ?n
+universitaria. Agrega que los acadeÌ?micos que asuman temporalmente labores
+directivas conservaraÌ?n su cargo acadeÌ?mico.
+
+
+1.150 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 236
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, lo reemplaza, suprimiendo las
+definiciones de "funcionario universitario" y "funcionario acadeÌ?mico" y
+dejando subsistente la idea seguÌ?n la cual cuando estos uÌ?ltimos ejercen
+funciones directivas temporales conservan su cargo acadeÌ?mico.
+
+
+ - Fue retirada por su autor.
+
+
+1.151 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 237
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, efectuÌ?a enmiendas de
+redaccioÌ?n en el inciso segundo.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+1.152 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 238
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda,
+propone modificar el inciso segundo con el objeto de extender el derecho a
+conservar el cargo acadeÌ?mico a aquellos docentes que asuman temporalmente
+funciones "administrativas".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.152.1 ArtiÌ?culo 17
+
+ (Pasa a ser 15)
+
+
+ Otorga, en su inciso primero, en caso de supresioÌ?n de cargo en las
+universidades estatales, derecho a la indemnizacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 148 de la
+ley Nº 18.834 o a las convenidas en conformidad con el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo,
+seguÌ?n corresponda.
+
+
+ En su inciso segundo, soÌ?lo permite recontratar a los beneficiarios en
+la respectiva institucioÌ?n de educacioÌ?n superior dentro de los cinco anÌ?os
+siguientes a la percepcioÌ?n de la indemnizacioÌ?n, previa su devolucioÌ?n
+iÌ?ntegra.
+
+
+1.153 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 239
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, elimina del inciso primero la
+alusioÌ?n al CoÌ?digo del Trabajo.
+
+
+ - Fue retirada por su autor, por haberse rechazado la idea de
+suprimir la alusioÌ?n al CoÌ?digo del Trabajo.
+
+
+1.154 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 240
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Gazmuri y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, sustituye en el inciso
+primero la alusioÌ?n al CoÌ?digo del Trabajo por otra al "respectivo estatuto".
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.155 Indicaciones Nºs. 241 y 242
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), respectivamente, modifican el inciso primero, de manera que la
+indemnizacioÌ?n pueda ser imputada tambieÌ?n a los fondos que el Estado
+entregue al efecto.
+
+
+ - Fueron declaradas inadmisibles.
+
+
+1.156 Indicaciones Nºs. 243, 244 y 245
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+y BoÌ?eninger y Parra, recaiÌ?das en el inciso segundo, sustituyen la alusioÌ?n a
+"institucioÌ?n de educacioÌ?n superior" por otra a "universidad".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.157 Indicaciones Nºs. 246, 247 y 248
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+y BoÌ?eninger y Parra, recaiÌ?das en el inciso segundo, proponen exigir que la
+indemnizacioÌ?n sea restituida tambieÌ?n "reajustada".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo por mantener la redaccioÌ?n acordada en el primer
+informe, en cuanto entiende que la expresioÌ?n "iÌ?ntegra" comprende la idea de
+que los valores se encuentren debidamente reajustados.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.158 Indicaciones Nºs. 249 y 250
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, y del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz
+Barra, modifican el inciso final, para excepcionar de la obligacioÌ?n de
+devolucioÌ?n de la indemnizacioÌ?n de que se trata, los contratos a honorarios
+hasta por doce horas acadeÌ?micas.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.159 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 251
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, autoriza en el inciso segundo la
+recontratacioÌ?n de beneficiarios de la indemnizacioÌ?n dentro del plazo
+senÌ?alado, cuando se trate de servicios a honorarios hasta por ocho horas
+acadeÌ?micas.
+
+
+ - Fue retirada por su autor.
+
+
+1.159.1 ArtiÌ?culo 18
+
+ (Se suprime)
+
+
+ Exige a las universidades establecer en sus estatutos normas sobre
+capacitacioÌ?n y perfeccionamiento del personal, en las condiciones que
+detalla.
+
+
+1.160 Indicaciones Nºs. 252 y 253
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, y
+RiÌ?os, respectivamente, lo eliminan.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acogioÌ? la IndicacioÌ?n, teniendo presente que su contenido
+prescriptivo se encuentra ya recogido en el artiÌ?culo 13 del texto que se
+propone al final de este informe, asiÌ? como en el artiÌ?culo 38 de la Carta
+Fundamental y en la ley
+
+Nº 18.575.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.161 Indicaciones Nºs. 254, 255 y 256
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra; DiÌ?ez, y Viera-Gallo,
+respectivamente, buscan precisar que se trata de una exigencia que se
+impone a las universidades "estatales".
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en
+concordancia con lo resuelto para las Indicaciones precedentes.
+
+
+1.161.1 ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+ (Pasa a ser 16)
+
+
+ Somete a las universidades estatales a la fiscalizacioÌ?n de la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica; determina materias que quedaraÌ?n
+afectas a toma de razoÌ?n, entre ellas, aprobacioÌ?n del presupuesto y sus
+modificaciones (letra a)) y fijacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de la estructura
+orgaÌ?nica (letra c)); consagra el principio de control ex post de los
+asuntos que senÌ?ala, y encomienda a la ContraloriÌ?a auditar balances de
+ejecucioÌ?n presupuestaria de estas universidades.
+
+
+1.162 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 257
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa, lo sustituye por otro, en virtud del
+cual soÌ?lo queda sometida a toma de razoÌ?n la aprobacioÌ?n del presupuesto y
+sus modificaciones, sin perjuicio de que el Contralor General de la
+RepuÌ?blica, en el ejercicio de sus atribuciones, disponga otras medidas de
+control posterior para asegurar la legalidad de los actos administrativos
+de las universidades estatales y de hacer efectivas las responsabilidades
+que procedan.
+
+
+ A juicio de la ComisioÌ?n, la propuesta del
+
+H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa permite conciliar la necesidad de que, por una
+parte, como todo servicio puÌ?blico, las universidades del Estado esteÌ?n
+sujetas a alguÌ?n mecanismo de control y, por otra, que dicho mecanismo sea
+flexible a fin de no afectar la capacidad de estas instituciones para
+actuar en condiciones competitivas en el mercado de la educacioÌ?n superior
+en Chile.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tuvo presente, ademaÌ?s, que este fue el objetivo principal
+que dio origen a la iniciativa en informe y a otras que la antecedieron,
+pero que no alcanzaron a transformarse en leyes (asiÌ?, por ejemplo, la
+contenida en el BoletiÌ?n Nº 1.106-04). Al acogerse esta IndicacioÌ?n,
+entonces, se estima posible satisfacer el propoÌ?sito de concebir un reÌ?gimen
+juriÌ?dico de administracioÌ?n de las universidades estatales acorde con las
+nuevas circunstancias histoÌ?ricas, y que facilite el sistema de toma de
+decisiones al interior de estas Casas de Estudios.
+
+
+ Cabe consignar que el H. Senador senÌ?or Vega manifestoÌ? su inquietud
+por el problema que se suscita en aquellas instituciones puÌ?blicas, como el
+caso de las universidades de que se trata, que generan parte de sus
+recursos y que, en consecuencia, elaboran sus presupuestos con un
+porcentaje variable de recursos propios. En opinioÌ?n del senÌ?or Senador, no
+corresponderiÌ?a que la aprobacioÌ?n de los presupuestos o de sus
+modificaciones respecto de tales porcentajes quede sometida a control por
+la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica. No obstante, coincidioÌ? con el
+resto de la ComisioÌ?n en que desagregar esas cifras podriÌ?a generar severas
+dificultades para el organismo contralor o ser, simplemente, impracticable.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de este acuerdo, las Indicaciones Nºs. 258 a 272
+fueron rechazadas, seguÌ?n se consigna en seguida.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra a)
+
+
+ Somete a toma de razoÌ?n la aprobacioÌ?n del presupuesto y de sus
+modificaciones.
+
+
+1.163 Indicaciones Nºs. 258 y 258 bis
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y Vega, respectivamente, la
+suprimen.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+ Letra b)
+
+
+ Relativa a enajenaciones de bienes que superen determinado monto.
+
+
+
+
+1.164 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 259
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, incorpora la idea de que el monto de las
+enajenaciones que quedaraÌ?n sometidas a toma de razoÌ?n seraÌ? determinado
+"anualmente" por el Contralor.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra c)
+
+
+ Referida a fijacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de la estructura orgaÌ?nica.
+
+
+1.165 Indicaciones Nºs. 259 bis, 260, 261, 262 y 262 bis
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra; MunÌ?oz Barra; Ominami;
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s), y Vega, respectivamente, la suprimen.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Letra d)
+
+
+ Relativa a otras materias esenciales que senÌ?ale el estatuto, como
+reglamentos de carreras funcionarias y medidas que impliquen supresioÌ?n de
+empleo o eliminacioÌ?n o destitucioÌ?n de alguÌ?n miembro de la institucioÌ?n, si
+procediere.
+
+
+1.166 Indicaciones Nºs. 263 y 264
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, y Bombal, LarraiÌ?n,
+Stange y Urenda, respectivamente, la suprimen.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+1.167 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 264 bis
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Vega, persigue dejar afectos a este traÌ?mite soÌ?lo
+el reglamento de carrera funcionaria y sus modificaciones y las medidas que
+impliquen supresioÌ?n de empleo o eliminacioÌ?n o destitucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.168 Indicaciones Nºs. 265 y 266
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (Don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, reemplazan la expresioÌ?n "estatuto" por "estatuto
+orgaÌ?nico".
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.169 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 267
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, precisa que son las "resoluciones" que impongan tales
+medidas las que se someteriÌ?an a toma de razoÌ?n.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.170 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 268
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, efectuÌ?a una enmienda de teÌ?cnica
+legislativa.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+
+
+1.171 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 269
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, elimina la expresioÌ?n "si
+procediere", en concordancia con otras Indicaciones que buscan suprimir
+alusiones al CoÌ?digo del Trabajo.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ Indicaciones Nºs. 270, 271 y 272
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don
+AndreÌ?s), y MunÌ?oz Barra, respectivamente, introducen enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n
+en el inciso tercero.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.171.1 ArtiÌ?culo 20
+
+ (Pasa a ser 17)
+
+
+ Encarga al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n propender a una adecuada
+coordinacioÌ?n entre las universidades estatales, asiÌ? como entre eÌ?stas y el
+resto de las instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior, en especial las
+universidades que reciben aportes directos del Estado.
+
+
+1.172 Indicaciones Nºs. 273, 274 y 275
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda;
+Canessa, y Chadwick, respectivamente, lo eliminan.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.173 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 276
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, sustituye la norma
+para precisar que al Ministerio le compete "fomentar" la coordinacioÌ?n de
+que se trata.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.174 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 277
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, lo
+sustituye para conservar en la norma uÌ?nicamente la idea seguÌ?n la cual el
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n propenderaÌ? a la adecuada coordinacioÌ?n entre las
+universidades estatales.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.175 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 278
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, lo sustituye por otro, cuyo objeto es
+encomendar a las propias universidades estatales, por intermedio del
+Consejo de Rectores, propender a una coordinacioÌ?n entre siÌ? y con las demaÌ?s
+universidades que reciben aportes directos del Estado. AdemaÌ?s, las faculta
+para celebrar convenios de cooperacioÌ?n con el resto de las instituciones de
+educacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+ En el seno de la ComisioÌ?n hubo un intercambio de opiniones acerca de
+la conveniencia de entregar al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n la atribucioÌ?n de
+propender a la coordinacioÌ?n de que se trata.
+
+
+ La tesis de mayoriÌ?a estuvo por la IndicacioÌ?n sustitutiva basada en
+que si el intereÌ?s del legislador es fortalecer la autonomiÌ?a universitaria,
+deberiÌ?a dejaÌ?rsele a ellas mismas decidir el modo de relacionarse
+coordinadamente. Al efecto, se estimoÌ? que el Consejo de Rectores, que es
+una entidad que agrupa a los Rectores de las diversas Casas de Estudios que
+reciben aporte directo del Estado (que incluye a las privadas conocidas
+como "tradicionales"), podriÌ?a constituirse en un oÌ?rgano adecuado para
+canalizar las inquietudes y necesidades de vinculacioÌ?n entre las
+instituciones universitarias.
+
+
+ La posicioÌ?n de minoriÌ?a se mostroÌ? contraria a la idea, al estimar que
+debe corresponder al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n disenÌ?ar poliÌ?ticas puÌ?blicas en
+materia de educacioÌ?n superior ya que, por su naturaleza, tiene cabal
+comprensioÌ?n de los problemas que afectan a las universidades. Por lo mismo,
+si es el oÌ?rgano llamado a servir de canal de comunicacioÌ?n entre las
+instituciones de ensenÌ?anza estatal no se justificariÌ?a cercenar su capacidad
+para coordinar la accioÌ?n universitaria. Cabe advertir que, en todo caso,
+entienden que al acogerse la IndicacioÌ?n no se obstaculiza al Estado para
+concebir poliÌ?ticas en materia de educacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+ - Sometida a votacioÌ?n fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por
+mayoriÌ?a, con los votos de los
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez y Vega, y los votos en contra de los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra y
+
+Ruiz-Esquide.
+
+
+1.176 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 279
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Ominami, propone incorporar un inciso nuevo, que
+obliga a las demaÌ?s entidades de educacioÌ?n superior que reciban fondos del
+Estado a presentar cuentas acerca de su empleo al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n,
+que deberaÌ?n ser revisadas por la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.176.1 ArtiÌ?culo 21
+
+ (Pasa a ser 18)
+
+
+ Prescribe que copia de los reglamentos de aplicacioÌ?n general
+relativos al personal, a los estudiantes y a la estructura acadeÌ?mica de las
+universidades estatales, sea depositada en el Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, que
+mantendraÌ? archivo puÌ?blico de los mismos.
+
+
+1.177 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 280
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Hamilton, incorpora un nuevo inciso, que prohiÌ?be
+modificar los reglamentos aplicables al personal, acadeÌ?micos y estudiantes
+de las universidades estatales mientras el respectivo contrato esteÌ?
+vigente, salvo acuerdo de las partes.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n consideroÌ? innecesaria la IndicacioÌ?n, en virtud del
+principio constitucionalmente garantizado de prevalencia de los derechos
+adquiridos.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.177.1 ArtiÌ?culo 22
+
+ (Pasa a ser 19)
+
+
+ Incorpora, en cuatro numerales, diversas modificaciones a la ley Nº
+18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza.
+
+
+1.178 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 281
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa, lo suprime.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.178.1 Numeral 3
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 85, para exigir que las instituciones de
+ensenÌ?anza superior que reciban el aporte establecido en el decreto con
+fuerza de ley Nº 4, de EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, enviÌ?en al Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n anualmente memoria explicativa de sus actividades y su balance
+auditado.
+
+
+1.179 Indicaciones Nºs. 282, 283 y 284
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda;
+Chadwick, y DiÌ?ez, lo suprimen.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.180 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 285
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Canessa, lo modifica para que la obligacioÌ?n se
+refiera soÌ?lo a un informe sobre el empleo de los fondos cuando se trate de
+aportes directos, o a una demostracioÌ?n de haberse utilizado en el pago de
+la matriÌ?cula del alumno beneficiario cuando se trate de aportes indirectos.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+ IndicacioÌ?n Nº 286
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda, lo
+reemplaza para distinguir el caso de aquellas instituciones de educacioÌ?n
+superior privadas que reciben el aporte establecido en el artiÌ?culo 3º del
+citado decreto con fuerza de ley, caso en el cual les exige uÌ?nicamente
+rendir cuenta al Ministerio respecto de los fondos fiscales que hubieren
+recibido.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? adecuada la distincioÌ?n que hace la proposicioÌ?n, en
+el sentido de atenuar las exigencias trataÌ?ndose de aportes indirectos. Esto
+seraÌ? especialmente beneficioso para instituciones que reciben un reducido
+monto de recursos por tal concepto.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.180.1 Numeral 4
+
+
+ Agrega un artiÌ?culo 85 bis nuevo, que impone al Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n llevar un registro con la noÌ?mina de egresados de las
+universidades e institutos profesionales que esteÌ?n en posesioÌ?n de tiÌ?tulo
+profesional.
+
+
+1.181 Indicaciones Nºs. 287, 288, 289, 290 y 290 bis
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda;
+Canessa; Chadwick; DiÌ?ez, y Vega, respectivamente, lo suprimen.
+
+
+ Consultado el representante del Ejecutivo, senÌ?aloÌ? que la norma
+aprobada en el primer informe es importante en la medida en que desde la
+desaparicioÌ?n de los antiguos colegios profesionales se ha producido un
+vaciÌ?o en la materia, consistente en la inexistencia de oÌ?rganos o entidades
+facultadas para certificar la posesioÌ?n de tiÌ?tulos profesionales. De este
+modo, el registro de que se trata cumpliriÌ?a una significativa funcioÌ?n de
+ordenacioÌ?n y fe puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por mayoriÌ?a, con el voto de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, y el voto favorable a las
+Indicaciones de los
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick y DiÌ?ez.
+
+
+1.182 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 291
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, le introduce una enmienda de
+redaccioÌ?n en su encabezamiento.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.183 Indicaciones Nºs. 292 y 293
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, precisan en el artiÌ?culo propuesto que la norma se refiere
+soÌ?lo a universidades estatales.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por mayoriÌ?a, con el voto de los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, y el voto favorable a las Indicaciones del H. Senador
+senÌ?or Chadwick.
+
+
+1.184 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 294
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or Viera-Gallo, agrega en la disposicioÌ?n una frase
+final al tenor de la cual, para cumplir con la exigencia que se viene
+estableciendo, las instituciones de que se trata y la Corte Suprema, en el
+caso de la obtencioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo de abogado, remitiraÌ?n anualmente al
+Ministerio en el mes de enero la noÌ?mina de titulados del anÌ?o anterior.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas formales por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.185 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 295
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Bombal, LarraiÌ?n, Stange y Urenda,
+propone agregar a continuacioÌ?n un nuevo artiÌ?culo, que deroga la ley Nº
+19.305.
+
+
+ - Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.186 Indicaciones Nºs. 296 y 297
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, consultan incorporar un nuevo artiÌ?culo que autoriza a las
+universidades estatales a emitir estampillas y fijar aranceles por los
+servicios que presten, eximieÌ?ndolas de todo impuesto, contribucioÌ?n, tasa,
+tarifa, patente, tributos y otras cargas de cualquier naturaleza, asiÌ? como
+del traÌ?mite de insinuacioÌ?n por donaciones que les hagan.
+
+
+ - Fueron declaradas inadmisibles por el senÌ?or Presidente de la
+ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ º º º º
+
+
+1.186.1 ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio
+
+
+ Establece un plazo a las universidades estatales para proponer al
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica las nuevas normas estatutarias que las regiraÌ?n,
+a fin de que eÌ?ste dicte los correspondientes decretos con fuerza de ley.
+
+
+ Exige, ademaÌ?s, que dicha propuesta sea aprobada por el organismo
+colegiado superior de la universidad, el cual determinaraÌ? los mecanismos de
+consulta interna que fueren procedentes.
+
+
+1.187 Indicaciones Nºs. 298 y 299
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, precisa en el inciso primero que se trata de los
+"estatutos orgaÌ?nicos".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo por acogerlas para el soÌ?lo efecto de introducir
+cambios de referencia legislativa en el inciso.
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas con enmiendas por la unanimidad de los miembros de
+la ComisioÌ?n,
+
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.188 Indicaciones Nºs. 300 y 301
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, intercala una frase final en el inciso primero que exige
+reconocer en los estatutos las atribuciones que a la fecha tiene cada una
+de las universidades estatales.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.189 Indicaciones Nºs. 302, 303 y 304
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+y MunÌ?oz Barra, respectivamente, sustituyen en el inciso segundo la alusioÌ?n
+a "organismo" por otra a "oÌ?rgano".
+
+
+ - Fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.189.1 ArtiÌ?culo 4º transitorio
+
+
+ Confiere a los funcionarios de planta de las universidades estatales
+que cesaren en sus funciones dentro del plazo que senÌ?ala, derecho a
+indemnizacioÌ?n de un mes de remuneracioÌ?n por cada anÌ?o de servicio en la
+institucioÌ?n, con maÌ?ximo de seis, imputable al presupuesto de la
+universidad.
+
+
+ Agrega que dicha indemnizacioÌ?n no seraÌ? imponible ni constituiraÌ? renta
+para ninguÌ?n efecto legal, debiendo calcularse sobre la base del promedio de
+las remuneraciones de los doce uÌ?ltimos meses.
+
+
+ Concluye precisando que dentro de los cinco anÌ?os siguientes a su
+percepcioÌ?n los beneficiarios de la indemnizacioÌ?n soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser nombrados
+o contratados en la misma universidad previa devolucioÌ?n iÌ?ntegra de la
+misma.
+
+
+1.190 Indicaciones Nºs. 305 y 306
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami y NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+respectivamente, modifican el inciso primero para que la indemnizacioÌ?n sea
+equivalente a un miÌ?nimo de seis meses de remuneraciones, y sea pagada con
+cargo al presupuesto de la universidad o a los recursos que se le
+proporcionen para ello.
+
+
+ - Fueron declaradas indamisibles.
+
+
+1.191 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 307
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, recaiÌ?da en el inciso segundo, fija
+como base de caÌ?lculo de la indemnizacioÌ?n el promedio de las remuneraciones
+de los uÌ?ltimos seis meses.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estuvo por acoger la IndicacioÌ?n, en el entendido que
+restituye la idea contenida originalmente en el Mensaje del Ejecutivo.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.192 Indicaciones Nºs. 308, 309 y 310
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Ominami; NuÌ?nÌ?ez y ZaldiÌ?var (don AndreÌ?s),
+y BoÌ?eninger y Parra, respectivamente, modifican el inciso tercero para que
+en la hipoÌ?tesis prevista en la norma la devolucioÌ?n de la indemnizacioÌ?n sea,
+ademaÌ?s, reajustada.
+
+
+ - Fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en
+armoniÌ?a con lo acordado respecto de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 246.
+
+
+1.193
+
+1.194 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 311
+
+
+ De S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, recaiÌ?da en el inciso final,
+exceptuÌ?a de la obligacioÌ?n de devolucioÌ?n de la indemnizacioÌ?n de que se
+trata, los contratos a honorarios hasta por doce horas acadeÌ?micas.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada con enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra,
+
+Ruiz-Esquide y Vega.
+
+
+1.195 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 312
+
+
+ De los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger y Parra, recaiÌ?da en el inciso
+final, autoriza contratar a honorarios al beneficiario de la indemnizacioÌ?n
+hasta por doce horas acadeÌ?micas dentro del plazo de que se trata.
+
+
+ - Fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, DiÌ?ez, MunÌ?oz Barra, Ruiz-Esquide y Vega, en el
+entendido que persigue ideÌ?ntico propoÌ?sito a la IndicacioÌ?n precedente.
+
+
+1.196 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 313
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone incluir un nuevo inciso
+final, que autoriza contratos a honorarios con el beneficiario de la
+indemnizacioÌ?n, sin obligacioÌ?n de restituirla, hasta por doce horas
+acadeÌ?micas, siempre que dicho funcionario fuere necesario para que la
+universidad cumpla cabalmente sus funciones. Todo ello a juicio del Rector
+y en razoÌ?n de la naturaleza del cargo ejercido.
+
+
+ - Fue retirada por su autor.
+
+
+1.197 IndicacioÌ?n Nº 314
+
+
+ Del H. Senador senÌ?or MunÌ?oz Barra, propone incluir un nuevo inciso
+final, al tenor del cual no existiraÌ? obligacioÌ?n de restituir la
+indemnizacioÌ?n cuando las funciones que el beneficiario cumpliÌ?a fueren
+necesarias para que la universidad realice tareas que le son inherentes,
+todo ello en consideracioÌ?n a la naturaleza del cargo ejercido y por
+estimarlo asiÌ? el Rector. En tal evento, dicha persona podraÌ? ser
+recontratada hasta por un maÌ?ximo de ocho horas mensuales y para el soÌ?lo
+efecto de darle continuidad al servicio respectivo.
+
+
+ - Fue retirada por su autor.
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de los acuerdos precedentemente descritos vuestra ComisioÌ?n
+os propone que aprobeÌ?is el proyecto de ley aprobado en general por el
+Senado, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ Consultar como artiÌ?culo 1º, el siguiente nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- Las universidades estatales son instituciones de
+educacioÌ?n superior creadas por ley, con personalidad juriÌ?dica y patrimonio
+propio, que gozan de autonomiÌ?a acadeÌ?mica, econoÌ?mica y administrativa en los
+teÌ?rminos previstos en la ley
+
+Nº 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, sujetas a la
+supervigilancia del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por intermedio del
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Su organizacioÌ?n, funcionamiento, fines y estructuras fundamentales de
+gobierno y gestioÌ?n se regiraÌ?n por las normas de esta ley.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 38 bis y
+ 60)
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+1.198 ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 2º, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ - Suprimir su inciso primero.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6)
+
+
+
+ - Consultar el encabezamiento de su inciso segundo, que pasa a ser
+primero, con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- Las universidades estatales, de acuerdo a sus
+respectivos proyectos institucionales, nivel de desarrollo y disponibilidad
+de recursos humanos y financieros tendraÌ?n, entre otros, los siguientes
+objetivos:".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 17, 18 y 47)
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ - Consultar a continuacioÌ?n la siguiente letra a), nueva:
+
+
+ "a) Ejercitar, con el rigor propio de este nivel educacional, la
+amplia gama y contenidos de la docencia universitaria;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 8, 19 y 20)
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ Letra a)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser b), con la siguiente enmienda:
+
+
+ Reemplazar su frase inicial "Formar profesionales y teÌ?cnicos de nivel
+superior" por la siguiente: "Formar integralmente profesionales y teÌ?cnicos
+universitarios".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 8, 21 y 22)
+
+
+
+ Letra b)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser c), con la siguiente modificacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ Intercalar, entre la palabra "docencia" y la preposicioÌ?n "en", la
+expresioÌ?n siguiente, precedida de una coma (,): "investigacioÌ?n y extensioÌ?n
+universitarias".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 8, 23, 24 y 25)
+
+
+ Letra c)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser d), con la enmienda que se indica:
+
+
+ Sustituir la expresioÌ?n "cientiÌ?fica y tecnoloÌ?gica" por "cientiÌ?fica,
+tecnoloÌ?gica y social".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 26, 27, 28 y 29)
+
+
+ Letra d)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser e), con la redaccioÌ?n que en seguida se consigna:
+
+
+ "e) Propender al cultivo de las humanidades y las artes y promover la
+conservacioÌ?n y fomento del patrimonio cultural de la NacioÌ?n;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 8, 30, 31 y 32)
+
+
+ Letra e)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser f), en los siguientes teÌ?rminos:
+
+
+ "f) Contribuir a una adecuada y racional diversificacioÌ?n de los
+estudios de nivel universitario, garantizando crecientes niveles de
+excelencia y equidad;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 8, 33 y 34)
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ - Consultar, a continuacioÌ?n, la siguiente letra g) nueva:
+
+
+ "g) Admitir a los estudiantes de acuerdo al meÌ?rito acadeÌ?mico, sin
+perjuicio de velar por la igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso a sus
+aulas y posterior permanencia en ellas;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 47)
+
+
+
+
+ Letra f)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser h), con la redaccioÌ?n siguiente:
+
+
+ "h) Procurar relaciones armoÌ?nicas entre ellas, propender a la
+interaccioÌ?n y cooperacioÌ?n acadeÌ?mica, favorecer la vinculacioÌ?n con las demaÌ?s
+estructuras educativas y su cooperacioÌ?n, participacioÌ?n e insercioÌ?n en la
+comunidad universitaria internacional;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 35 y 36)
+
+
+ Letra g)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser i), con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "i) Vincularse con la comunidad, desarrollando proyectos y
+actividades en beneficio de esta uÌ?ltima, promoviendo el debate puÌ?blico en
+materias de intereÌ?s nacional, regional o local, y".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 37 y 38)
+
+
+ Letra h)
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser j), redactada en los teÌ?rminos que a continuacioÌ?n se
+indica:
+
+
+ "j) Transferir conocimientos y tecnologiÌ?a a la comunidad nacional, y
+en particular al sector productivo de bienes y servicios, facilitando la
+innovacioÌ?n y el desarrollo en este aÌ?mbito.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por mayoriÌ?a 3-2. ModificacioÌ?n derivada de la IndicacioÌ?n Nº 8)
+
+
+1.199 ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ - Suprimirlo.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
+ 46 y 46 bis)
+
+
+
+1.200
+
+1.201 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ - Suprimirlo.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 51)
+
+
+1.202 ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 3º)
+
+
+ - Sin modificaciones.
+
+
+1.203 ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+ (Pasa a ser 4º)
+
+
+ - Sin modificaciones.
+
+
+1.204 ArtiÌ?culo 6º
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser 5º, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ - Suprimir su inciso primero.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0. Derivada de las Indicaciones Nºs. 1, 9, 10,
+ 11, 12, 38 bis y 60)
+
+
+ - En su inciso segundo, reemplazar las palabras "de las facultades
+establecidas en el" por "atribuciones y facultades legales, en especial las
+del".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 3-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 71, 72 y 73)
+
+
+ - Suprimir su inciso cuarto.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 74, 75 y 76)
+
+
+1.205
+
+1.206 ArtiÌ?culo 7º
+
+
+ - Pasa a ser 6º, en los siguientes teÌ?rminos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 6º.- El gobierno universitario residiraÌ? en las autoridades
+unipersonales y los oÌ?rganos colegiados que la presente ley y los
+respectivos estatutos establezcan.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 77, 78, 81 y 82)
+
+
+1.207 ArtiÌ?culo 8º
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 7º, con las modificaciones que se indican:
+
+
+ - En su encabezamiento, sustituir la expresioÌ?n "Consejo Superior" por
+"oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 83, 84 y 85)
+
+
+ - Sustituir su letra a) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "a) Aprobar, a proposicioÌ?n del Rector, las poliÌ?ticas acadeÌ?micas,
+administrativas y financieras de mediano y largo plazo de la universidad;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 87)
+
+
+ - Reemplazar su letra b) por la que a continuacioÌ?n se indica:
+
+
+ "b) Aprobar el plan de desarrollo institucional que presente el
+Rector y la creacioÌ?n de nuevos programas conducentes a tiÌ?tulos y grados.
+En el caso del primero, le corresponderaÌ?, asimismo, verificar
+perioÌ?dicamente su estado de avance;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 88 y 92)
+
+
+ - Consultar su letra c) con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "c) Aprobar, a proposicioÌ?n del Rector, el presupuesto o las
+modificaciones de eÌ?ste, con el voto conforme de la mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros
+en ejercicio. El oÌ?rgano colegiado superior soÌ?lo podraÌ? aprobar presupuestos
+debidamente financiados y deberaÌ? pronunciarse a lo menos semestralmente
+sobre su ejecucioÌ?n;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 93 y 94)
+
+
+
+ - Suprimir, en su letra d), la frase "y pronunciarse respecto de
+ellas".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 3-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 97 y 98)
+
+
+ - Reemplazar el paÌ?rrafo segundo de su letra f) por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "El oÌ?rgano colegiado superior cautelaraÌ? que tales actos o contratos
+esteÌ?n vinculados directamente con la gestioÌ?n institucional, y que no
+impliquen un menoscabo del patrimonio de la universidad. Los acuerdos
+respectivos requeriraÌ?n el voto conforme de la mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros en
+ejercicio.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 99, 100, 101, 102 y 103)
+
+
+ - En su letra g), sustituir la coma (,) que sigue a la palabra
+"corporacioÌ?n" por un punto y coma (;) y eliminar la conjuncioÌ?n "y" que la
+sigue.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, derivada de la IndicacioÌ?n siguiente)
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+ - Consultar, a continuacioÌ?n de la letra g), la siguiente letra
+h),nueva:
+
+
+ "h) Aprobar sus propios reglamentos internos de funcionamiento, e".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 106, 107, 108 y 109)
+
+
+ Su letra h) pasa a ser i), con la siguiente enmienda:
+
+
+ - Reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "establezca el estatuto orgaÌ?nico" por
+"establezcan los estatutos".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0. Derivada de la Indicaciones Nºs. 111 y 112)
+
+
+ º º º º º º
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 9º
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 8º, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ - Sustituir su inciso primero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 8º.- Los estatutos estableceraÌ?n la denominacioÌ?n y
+composicioÌ?n del oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, los requisitos para integrarlo y
+los quoÌ?rum requeridos para sesionar y adoptar acuerdos. SenÌ?alaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s,
+la duracioÌ?n de los consejeros en sus cargos.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 111, 112, 113 y 114)
+
+
+ - En el encabezamiento de su inciso segundo, sustituir la palabra
+"organismo" por "oÌ?rgano".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 115 y 116)
+
+
+ - En su letra b), eliminar la expresioÌ?n "o por unidades acadeÌ?micas" y
+reemplazar las palabras "establezca el estatuto" por "establezcan los
+estatutos".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 117, 118 y 119)
+
+
+ - Introducir las siguientes modificaciones a su letra c):
+
+
+ - Consignar como paÌ?rrafos primero y segundo los que siguen:
+
+
+ "c) Tres representantes del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Estas designaciones deberaÌ?n recaer en personalidades de reconocida
+experiencia en actividades acadeÌ?micas o directivas. En el caso de las
+universidades de caraÌ?cter regional, los representantes del Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica deberaÌ?n tener domicilio y clara identificacioÌ?n con la regioÌ?n en
+que la universidad tenga su sede, y a lo menos una de estas designaciones
+se haraÌ? sobre la base de una terna propuesta por el Consejo Regional
+respectivo."
+
+
+ (Aprobada por mayoriÌ?a 3-1, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 122)
+
+
+ - Agregar al paÌ?rrafo segundo nuevo la siguiente frase final: "Lo
+dispuesto precedentemente, en cuanto al requisito de domicilio de los
+miembros, no seraÌ? aplicable para aquellas universidades cuyo domicilio
+legal se encuentre en la RegioÌ?n Metropolitana.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 152)
+
+
+ - En su letra d), sustituir la palabra "reglamentos" por "estatutos"
+y la expresioÌ?n "Consejo Superior" por "oÌ?rgano colegiado superior".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 131,132 y 134)
+
+
+ - Suprimir su inciso tercero.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0,Indicaciones Nºs. 135, 136, 137, 138 y 139)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 9º, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ - Su inciso primero redactarlo como sigue:
+
+
+ "El Rector seraÌ? la maÌ?xima autoridad unipersonal de las universidades
+estatales, asiÌ? como su representante legal y tendraÌ? la calidad de jefe
+superior de servicio.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 153, 154, 155 y 156)
+
+
+ - En su inciso segundo, suprimir la expresioÌ?n "El Rector" e iniciar
+con mayuÌ?scula la palabra "seraÌ?" que la sigue.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 160)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 11
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 10, en los teÌ?rminos que a continuacioÌ?n se indica:
+
+
+ - En su inciso primero, reemplazar la oracioÌ?n "Sin perjuicio de las
+funciones y atribuciones que conforme a las leyes a las leyes le
+corresponden a la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, en cada universidad
+estatal habraÌ?" por " Sin perjuicio de las funciones y atribuciones que las
+leyes confieren a la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, en cada
+universidad estatal existiraÌ?".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 161)
+
+
+ - En su inciso segundo, sustituir la expresioÌ?n "Consejo Superior" por
+"oÌ?rgano colegiado superior" la primera vez que aparece y las palabras
+"dicho oÌ?rgano" por "eÌ?ste"; suprimir las palabras "de su" que siguen a la
+expresioÌ?n "deberes y", y reemplazar la frase "integrantes del Consejo
+Superior" por "integrantes en ejercicio del referido oÌ?rgano colegiado".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 162, 163, 164, 165, 167 y
+ 168)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 11, con el siguiente texto:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 11.- Los estatutos de las universidades estatales
+estableceraÌ?n normas en virtud de las cuales sus autoridades, dentro de su
+competencia y en los niveles que corresponda, responderaÌ?n de su gestioÌ?n y
+velaraÌ?n por el cumplimiento de las obligaciones funcionarias del personal
+de la entidad.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 171)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+
+ - Suprimirlo.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 172)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 12, con las enmiendas que a continuacioÌ?n se indica:
+
+
+ - Sus letras a), b), c) y d) consignarlas como siguen:
+
+
+ "a) Nombre y domicilio de la institucioÌ?n;
+
+
+ b) MisioÌ?n y fines que persigue;
+
+
+ c) Normas generales que regiraÌ?n su quehacer y aquellas referidas a la
+evaluacioÌ?n sistemaÌ?tica de sus actividades;
+
+
+ d) Bases generales de la estructura de gobierno y de la organizacioÌ?n
+acadeÌ?mica y administrativa de la entidad;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 183, 184, 185, 186,
+ 187,188, 189, 190, 191 y 192)
+
+
+ - Suprimir su letra e).
+
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 193, 194 y 195)
+
+
+ - Su letra f) pasa a ser e), con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "e) Normas generales que regularaÌ?n la participacioÌ?n de los distintos
+miembros de la comunidad universitaria en la orientacioÌ?n y desarrollo de
+las actividades institucionales, atendidas sus respectivas
+responsabilidades y posicioÌ?n funcional.
+
+
+ Los estatutos deberaÌ?n considerar y regular la participacioÌ?n de los
+acadeÌ?micos en el nombramiento de las autoridades unipersonales y en la
+integracioÌ?n de organismos colegiados al nivel de unidad acadeÌ?mica.
+ConsideraraÌ?n y regularaÌ?n, tambieÌ?n, la participacioÌ?n de uno o dos
+representantes de los estudiantes en oÌ?rganos colegiados de gobierno
+distintos al senÌ?alado en el artiÌ?culo 7º o al nivel de unidad acadeÌ?mica.
+
+
+ Asimismo, se fomentaraÌ? la interaccioÌ?n de acadeÌ?micos y estudiantes en
+el proceso de formacioÌ?n y la participacioÌ?n de eÌ?stos en actividades de
+extensioÌ?n cultural, servicios comunitarios, bienestar y evaluacioÌ?n de la
+docencia, entre otros;".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 198, 203 y 206)
+
+
+ - En sus letras g) y h), que pasan a ser f) y g), respectivamente,
+eliminar los artiÌ?culos iniciales "Las" y "Los", comenzando con mayuÌ?scula
+las palabras que los siguen "normas" y "derechos".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 208 y 212)
+
+
+ - En su letra i), que pasa a ser h), reemplazar sus palabras
+iniciales "Los organismos " por "Organos y autoridades", y la conjuncioÌ?n
+"y" final por "e".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 214, 215, 216 y 217)
+
+
+ - Reemplazar su letra j), que pasa a ser i), por la que a
+continuacioÌ?n se indica.
+
+
+ "i) AprobacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de la normativa interna, que no sea
+materia de ley o estatuto, de conformidad con las atribuciones y
+competencias de las autoridades pertinentes.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 4-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 218 y 222)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 15
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 13, con las siguientes modificaciones:
+
+
+ - En su inciso primero, sustituir la expresioÌ?n "y aseguraraÌ? la
+capacitacioÌ?n y el" por la frase "incluidas las instancias y mecanismos de
+capacitacioÌ?n y"
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 226)
+
+
+ - En su inciso segundo, intercalar entre la coma que sigue a la
+palabra "ley" y la expresioÌ?n "por los reglamentos", la frase "por sus
+respectivos estatutos, que deberaÌ?n ajustarse a lo dispuesto en el inciso
+final del artiÌ?culo 45 de la ley Nº 18.575", seguida de una coma (,), y
+sustituir la palabra "ellas" por "ellos".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 229 y 230)
+
+
+ - Reemplazar su inciso tercero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Los cargos, funciones y remuneraciones del personal de estas
+universidades seraÌ?n fijados de acuerdo con las normas estatutarias de cada
+una de ellas.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 232, 233, 234 y 235)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 14, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ - Iniciar, en su inciso primero, la palabra "Universidad" con
+minuÌ?scula.
+
+
+ - Sustituir, en su inciso segundo, la palabra "realizan" por
+"realicen" y la conjuncioÌ?n "y" por "o".
+
+
+ (Aprobadas por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 237)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 17
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 15, con las modificaciones que a continuacioÌ?n se indica:
+
+
+ - Sustituir en su inciso segundo la expresioÌ?n "institucioÌ?n de
+educacioÌ?n superior" por "universidad" e intercalar entre la palabra
+"indemnizacioÌ?n" y el punto final (.) que la sigue, la frase siguiente
+"salvo que se trate de contrataciones a honorarios hasta por doce horas
+acadeÌ?micas", precedida de una coma (,).
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones 243, 244, 245, 249 y 250)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 18
+
+
+ - Suprimirlo.
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 252 y 253)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 16, con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 16.- Las universidades estatales seraÌ?n fiscalizadas por la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, de acuerdo con su ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional.
+
+
+ SoÌ?lo estaraÌ?n afectas al traÌ?mite de toma de razoÌ?n la aprobacioÌ?n del
+presupuesto y la de sus modificaciones. CorresponderaÌ? a la ContraloriÌ?a
+General de la RepuÌ?blica auditar los balances de ejecucioÌ?n presupuestaria de
+las universidades estatales.
+
+
+ El Contralor General de la RepuÌ?blica, en el ejercicio de sus
+atribuciones, podraÌ? disponer otras medidas de control posterior con el
+objeto de asegurar la legalidad de los actos administrativos de las
+universidades estatales y de hacer efectivas las responsabilidades que
+procedan.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 257)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 17, en los teÌ?rminos que siguen:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 17.- Las universidades estatales, por intermedio del
+Consejo de Rectores, propenderaÌ?n a una adecuada coordinacioÌ?n entre siÌ?, y
+con las demaÌ?s universidades que reciben aportes directos del Estado.
+PodraÌ?n, ademaÌ?s, celebrar convenios de cooperacioÌ?n con el resto de las
+instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por mayoriÌ?a 3-2, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 278)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 18, sin modificaciones.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 22
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 19, con la siguiente enmienda:
+
+
+ - Sustituir su numeral 3 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "3.- ReemplaÌ?zase su artiÌ?culo 85, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 85.- Las instituciones de ensenÌ?anza superior que reciban el
+aporte establecido en el artiÌ?culo 2º del decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 4, de
+EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, deberaÌ?n enviar al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, anualmente,
+una memoria explicativa de sus actividades y su balance debidamente
+auditado.
+
+
+ Las instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior de caraÌ?cter privado que
+reciban el aporte establecido en el artiÌ?culo 3º del decreto con fuerza de
+ley Nº 4, de EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, deberaÌ?n rendir cuenta al Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n soÌ?lo respecto de los fondos fiscales que hubieren recibido.",
+y.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 286)
+
+
+ - Reemplazar, en el encabezamiento de su
+
+numeral 4, el artiÌ?culo "un" por la expresioÌ?n "el siguiente".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 291)
+
+
+ - Agregar, en el artiÌ?culo 85 bis que el numeral 4 propone agregar a
+la ley Nº 18.962, a continuacioÌ?n del punto final, que pasa a ser punto
+seguido, la siguiente oracioÌ?n final: "Al efecto, dichas instituciones y la
+Corte Suprema de Justicia, en el caso de la obtencioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo de
+abogado, deberaÌ?n remitir al Ministerio, durante el mes de enero de cada
+anÌ?o, la noÌ?mina de titulados del anÌ?o anterior.".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, IndicacioÌ?n Nº 294)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 23
+
+
+ Pasa a ser 20, sin modificaciones.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culos transitorios
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ - Eliminar en su inciso primero la palabra "orgaÌ?nicos", y sustituir,
+en su inciso segundo, la palabra "organismo" las dos veces que aparece por
+"oÌ?rgano".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 298, 299, 302, 303 y 304)
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+
+ Modificarlo en los siguientes teÌ?rminos:
+
+
+ - En su inciso segundo, sustituir la palabra "doce" por "seis".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 307)
+
+
+ - En su inciso tercero, intercalar entre la palabra "indemnizacioÌ?n" y
+el punto final (.) que la sigue, la siguiente frase, precedida de una coma
+(,): "salvo que se trate de contrataciones a honorarios hasta por doce
+horas acadeÌ?micas".
+
+
+ (Aprobada por unanimidad 5-0, Indicaciones Nºs. 311 y 312)
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ En consecuencia, el proyecto de ley quedariÌ?a como sigue:
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY:
+
+
+ "TiÌ?tulo I
+
+ Disposiciones generales
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- Las universidades estatales son instituciones de
+educacioÌ?n superior creadas por ley, con personalidad juriÌ?dica y patrimonio
+propio, que gozan de autonomiÌ?a acadeÌ?mica, econoÌ?mica y administrativa en los
+teÌ?rminos previstos en la ley
+
+Nº 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, sujetas a la
+supervigilancia del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por intermedio del
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Su organizacioÌ?n, funcionamiento, fines y estructuras fundamentales de
+gobierno y gestioÌ?n se regiraÌ?n por las normas de esta ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- Las universidades estatales, de acuerdo a sus
+respectivos proyectos institucionales, nivel de desarrollo y disponibilidad
+de recursos humanos y financieros tendraÌ?n, entre otros, los siguientes
+objetivos:
+
+
+ a) Ejercitar, con el rigor propio de este nivel educacional, la
+amplia gama y contenidos de la docencia universitaria;
+
+
+ b) Formar integralmente profesionales y teÌ?cnicos universitarios, asiÌ?
+como procurar su perfeccionamiento y especializacioÌ?n, considerando las
+necesidades del sistema social y productivo del paiÌ?s;
+
+
+ c) Formar acadeÌ?micos y profesores para el ejercicio de la docencia,
+investigacioÌ?n y extensioÌ?n universitarias en los distintos niveles y
+modalidades del sistema;
+
+
+ d) Desarrollar la investigacioÌ?n cientiÌ?fica, tecnoloÌ?gica y social,
+contribuyendo a la creacioÌ?n y difusioÌ?n del conocimiento en todas sus formas
+y expresiones, y su utilizacioÌ?n para solucionar las necesidades del paiÌ?s y
+de sus regiones;
+
+
+ e) Propender al cultivo de las humanidades y las artes y promover la
+conservacioÌ?n y fomento del patrimonio cultural de la NacioÌ?n;
+
+
+ f) Contribuir a una adecuada y racional diversificacioÌ?n de los
+estudios de nivel universitario, garantizando crecientes niveles de
+excelencia y equidad;
+
+
+ g) Admitir a los estudiantes de acuerdo al meÌ?rito acadeÌ?mico, sin
+perjuicio de velar por la igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso a sus
+aulas y posterior permanencia en ellas;
+
+
+ h) Procurar relaciones armoÌ?nicas entre ellas, propender a la
+interaccioÌ?n y cooperacioÌ?n acadeÌ?mica, favorecer la vinculacioÌ?n con las demaÌ?s
+estructuras educativas y su cooperacioÌ?n, participacioÌ?n e insercioÌ?n en la
+comunidad universitaria internacional;
+
+
+ i) Vincularse con la comunidad, desarrollando proyectos y actividades
+en beneficio de esta uÌ?ltima, promoviendo el debate puÌ?blico en materias de
+intereÌ?s nacional, regional o local, y
+
+
+ j) Transferir conocimientos y tecnologiÌ?a a la comunidad nacional, y
+en particular al sector productivo de bienes y servicios, facilitando la
+innovacioÌ?n y el desarrollo en este aÌ?mbito.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º.- Las universidades estatales no haraÌ?n discriminacioÌ?n
+alguna en razoÌ?n de sexo, edad, nacionalidad, etnia o raza, condicioÌ?n
+socioeconoÌ?mica, religioÌ?n o ideologiÌ?a de las personas. En consecuencia, el
+acceso, permanencia y promocioÌ?n de todos sus miembros, acadeÌ?micos,
+estudiantes y funcionarios no acadeÌ?micos se basaraÌ? exclusivamente en la
+capacidad y meÌ?ritos personales.
+
+
+ En el aÌ?mbito universitario se garantizaraÌ? la libre expresioÌ?n de las
+ideas y la coexistencia de las diferentes doctrinas y corrientes de
+pensamiento, sin otras limitaciones que las establecidas en la ConstitucioÌ?n
+PoliÌ?tica y la de sujetar su ejercicio a las normas del mutuo respeto.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- Para el cumplimiento de sus funciones, las
+universidades estatales obtendraÌ?n su financiamiento de los aportes fiscales
+establecidos en las leyes anuales de Presupuestos del Sector PuÌ?blico, asiÌ?
+como de otras fuentes puÌ?blicas y privadas.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º.- Las universidades estatales podraÌ?n ejecutar y celebrar
+todos los actos y contratos que contribuyan directa o indirectamente al
+cumplimiento de sus fines, al tenor de sus respectivos estatutos y
+atribuciones y facultades legales, en especial, las del artiÌ?culo 99 de la
+ley Nº 18.681.
+
+
+ El ejercicio de la autonomiÌ?a econoÌ?mica de estas universidades se
+realizaraÌ? dentro del marco fijado en sus respectivos presupuestos anuales.
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo II
+
+ Del gobierno en las universidades estatales
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º.- El gobierno universitario residiraÌ? en las autoridades
+unipersonales y los oÌ?rganos colegiados que la presente ley y los
+respectivos estatutos establezcan.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º.- En las universidades estatales habraÌ? un oÌ?rgano
+colegiado superior que tendraÌ?, entre otras, las siguientes funciones:
+
+
+ a) Aprobar, a proposicioÌ?n del Rector, las poliÌ?ticas acadeÌ?micas,
+administrativas y financieras de mediano y largo plazo de la universidad;
+
+
+ b) Aprobar el plan de desarrollo institucional que presente el Rector
+y la creacioÌ?n de nuevos programas conducentes a tiÌ?tulos y grados. En el
+caso del primero, le corresponderaÌ?, asimismo, verificar perioÌ?dicamente su
+estado de avance;
+
+
+ c) Aprobar, a proposicioÌ?n del Rector, el presupuesto o las
+modificaciones de eÌ?ste, con el voto conforme de la mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros
+en ejercicio. El oÌ?rgano colegiado superior soÌ?lo podraÌ? aprobar presupuestos
+debidamente financiados y deberaÌ? pronunciarse a lo menos semestralmente
+sobre su ejecucioÌ?n;
+
+
+ d) Conocer las cuentas perioÌ?dicas del Rector;
+
+
+ e) Aprobar, a propuesta del Rector, la estructura orgaÌ?nica de la
+universidad y sus modificaciones;
+
+
+ f) Autorizar la enajenacioÌ?n o gravamen de bienes raiÌ?ces.
+
+
+ El oÌ?rgano colegiado superior cautelaraÌ? que tales actos o contratos
+esteÌ?n vinculados directamente con la gestioÌ?n institucional, y que no
+impliquen un menoscabo del patrimonio de la universidad. Los acuerdos
+respectivos requeriraÌ?n el voto conforme de la mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros en
+ejercicio;
+
+
+ g) Proponer al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, por intermedio del Rector,
+las modificaciones de los estatutos de la corporacioÌ?n;
+
+
+ h) Aprobar sus propios reglamentos internos de funcionamiento, e
+
+
+ i) Pronunciarse sobre todas aquellas materias y normas internas que
+establezcan los estatutos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 8º.- Los estatutos estableceraÌ?n la denominacioÌ?n y
+composicioÌ?n del oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, los requisitos para integrarlo y
+los quoÌ?rum requeridos para sesionar y adoptar acuerdos. SenÌ?alaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s,
+la duracioÌ?n de los consejeros en sus cargos.
+
+
+ TendraÌ?n el caraÌ?cter de miembros de este oÌ?rgano, con derecho a voz y
+voto:
+
+
+ a) El Rector, quien lo presidiraÌ?;
+
+
+ b) Representantes elegidos por el sector acadeÌ?mico, en la forma que
+establezcan los estatutos;
+
+
+ c) Tres representantes del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Estas designaciones deberaÌ?n recaer en personalidades de reconocida
+experiencia en actividades acadeÌ?micas o directivas. En el caso de las
+universidades de caraÌ?cter regional, los representantes del Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica deberaÌ?n tener domicilio y clara identificacioÌ?n con la regioÌ?n en
+que la universidad tenga su sede, y a lo menos una de estas designaciones
+se haraÌ? sobre la base de una terna propuesta por el Consejo Regional
+respectivo. Lo dispuesto precedentemente, en cuanto al requisito de
+domicilio de los miembros, no seraÌ? aplicable para aquellas universidades
+cuyo domicilio legal se encuentre en la RegioÌ?n Metropolitana.
+
+
+ d) Un representante de los estudiantes y uno de los funcionarios no
+acadeÌ?micos, elegidos en votacioÌ?n directa para estos efectos por sus
+respectivos estamentos, de acuerdo con los estatutos de la universidad.
+TrataÌ?ndose de universidades cuyo oÌ?rgano colegiado superior esteÌ? compuesto
+por maÌ?s de doce miembros, la representacioÌ?n estudiantil seraÌ? de dos
+consejeros.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 9º.- El Rector seraÌ? la maÌ?xima autoridad unipersonal de las
+universidades estatales, asiÌ? como su representante legal y tendraÌ? la
+calidad de jefe superior de servicio.
+
+
+ SeraÌ? nombrado por decreto supremo, previa eleccioÌ?n en la que
+participaraÌ?n los acadeÌ?micos pertenecientes a las tres maÌ?s altas jerarquiÌ?as
+de la universidad, conforme al procedimiento establecido en la ley Nº
+19.305. Se entenderaÌ? que cumplen con el requisito de estar en posesioÌ?n de
+un tiÌ?tulo profesional, los candidatos a Rector que tengan, a lo menos, el
+grado acadeÌ?mico de licenciado.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10.- Sin perjuicio de las funciones y atribuciones que las
+leyes confieren a la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, en cada
+universidad estatal existiraÌ? un oÌ?rgano superior de control encargado de
+velar por el cumplimiento de las disposiciones legales y reglamentarias, la
+debida aplicacioÌ?n del presupuesto y el uso de los recursos de la
+universidad. Esta unidad seraÌ? dirigida por un Contralor y se estructuraraÌ?
+considerando el ejercicio por separado de las funciones de control de
+legalidad y de auditoriÌ?a interna.
+
+
+ El Contralor seraÌ? nombrado o removido, a proposicioÌ?n del Rector, con
+el voto conforme de los dos tercios de los miembros en ejercicio del oÌ?rgano
+colegiado superior, y responderaÌ? ante eÌ?ste del fiel cumplimiento de sus
+deberes y desempenÌ?o funcionario. La remocioÌ?n del Contralor tambieÌ?n podraÌ?
+ser propuesta por a lo menos la mayoriÌ?a de los integrantes en ejercicio del
+referido oÌ?rgano colegiado.
+
+
+ Para ser nombrado Contralor de una universidad estatal seraÌ? necesario
+tener tiÌ?tulo profesional de los que requieren licenciatura previa y
+experiencia compatibles con la naturaleza del cargo. El Contralor duraraÌ?
+seis anÌ?os en el cargo, pudiendo ser reelegido.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 11.- Los estatutos de las universidades estatales
+estableceraÌ?n normas en virtud de las cuales sus autoridades, dentro de su
+competencia y en los niveles que corresponda, responderaÌ?n de su gestioÌ?n y
+velaraÌ?n por el cumplimiento de las obligaciones funcionarias del personal
+de la entidad.
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo III
+
+ Estatutos orgaÌ?nicos de las universidades estatales
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 12.- Los estatutos de las universidades estatales
+contendraÌ?n, a lo menos, disposiciones relativas a:
+
+
+ a) Nombre y domicilio de la institucioÌ?n;
+
+
+ b) MisioÌ?n y fines que persigue;
+
+
+ c) Normas generales que regiraÌ?n su quehacer y aquellas referidas a la
+evaluacioÌ?n sistemaÌ?tica de sus actividades;
+
+
+ d) Bases generales de la estructura de gobierno y de la organizacioÌ?n
+acadeÌ?mica y administrativa de la entidad;
+
+
+ e) Normas generales que regularaÌ?n la participacioÌ?n de los distintos
+miembros de la comunidad universitaria en la orientacioÌ?n y desarrollo de
+las actividades institucionales, atendidas sus respectivas
+responsabilidades y posicioÌ?n funcional.
+
+
+ Los estatutos deberaÌ?n considerar y regular la participacioÌ?n de los
+acadeÌ?micos en el nombramiento de las autoridades unipersonales y en la
+integracioÌ?n de organismos colegiados al nivel de unidad acadeÌ?mica.
+ConsideraraÌ?n y regularaÌ?n, tambieÌ?n, la participacioÌ?n de uno o dos
+representantes de los estudiantes en oÌ?rganos colegiados de gobierno
+distintos al senÌ?alado en el artiÌ?culo 7º o al nivel de unidad acadeÌ?mica.
+
+
+ Asimismo, se fomentaraÌ? la interaccioÌ?n de acadeÌ?micos y estudiantes en
+el proceso de formacioÌ?n y la participacioÌ?n de eÌ?stos en actividades de
+extensioÌ?n cultural, servicios comunitarios, bienestar y evaluacioÌ?n de la
+docencia, entre otros;
+
+
+ f) Normas generales a partir de las cuales la institucioÌ?n
+reglamentaraÌ? los procesos de seleccioÌ?n, promocioÌ?n y remocioÌ?n del personal,
+de conformidad con las disposiciones de esta ley;
+
+
+ g) Derechos y obligaciones fundamentales del personal universitario.
+Las disposiciones que se dicten sobre esta materia deberaÌ?n ser de
+aplicacioÌ?n general para todo el personal universitario, sin perjuicio de
+establecer normas especiÌ?ficas para ciertas funciones o categoriÌ?as de
+funcionarios;
+
+
+ h) Organos y autoridades responsables de la aprobacioÌ?n y gestioÌ?n de
+los presupuestos, asiÌ? como los mecanismos de control de su ejecucioÌ?n, e
+
+
+ i) AprobacioÌ?n y modificacioÌ?n de la normativa interna, que no sea
+materia de ley o estatuto, de conformidad con las atribuciones y
+competencias de las autoridades pertinentes.
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo IV
+
+ Disposiciones relativas al personal
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 13.- El estatuto de cada universidad estatal, que se
+consideraraÌ? de caraÌ?cter especial para los efectos establecidos en los
+artiÌ?culos 45, inciso segundo, y 156 de las leyes Nºs. 18.575 y 18.834,
+respectivamente, estableceraÌ? las normas baÌ?sicas de la carrera funcionaria,
+acadeÌ?mica y administrativa, incluidas las instancias y mecanismos de
+capacitacioÌ?n y perfeccionamiento de su personal, de conformidad con las
+disposiciones siguientes.
+
+
+ El personal de las universidades estatales se regiraÌ? por las normas
+de esta ley, por sus respectivos estatutos, que deberaÌ?n ajustarse a lo
+dispuesto en el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 45 de la ley Nº 18.575, por los
+reglamentos dictados conforme a ellos y, supletoriamente, por el Estatuto
+Administrativo aprobado por la ley
+
+Nº 18.834 o el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo, seguÌ?n lo establezca el respectivo
+estatuto.
+
+
+ Los cargos, funciones y remuneraciones del personal de estas
+universidades seraÌ?n fijados de acuerdo con las normas estatutarias de cada
+una de ellas.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 14.- Para estos efectos, se consideraraÌ?n funcionarios
+universitarios quienes, en virtud de nombramiento de la autoridad
+competente, desempenÌ?an funciones propias de la universidad o
+complementarias de eÌ?stas.
+
+
+ Son funcionarios acadeÌ?micos quienes realicen tareas de docencia,
+investigacioÌ?n, creacioÌ?n o extensioÌ?n universitaria. Los acadeÌ?micos que
+deban asumir labores directivas temporalmente, conservaraÌ?n su cargo
+acadeÌ?mico.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 15.- La supresioÌ?n de cargo en las universidades estatales
+daraÌ? derecho a la indemnizacioÌ?n establecida en el artiÌ?culo 148 de la ley Nº
+18.834 o a las convenidas en conformidad con el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo, seguÌ?n
+corresponda, con cargo al presupuesto de la respectiva universidad.
+
+
+ Dentro de los cinco anÌ?os siguientes a la fecha del cese, las personas
+que perciban alguno de estos beneficios soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser nombradas o
+contratadas en la respectiva universidad estatal previa devolucioÌ?n iÌ?ntegra
+de la indemnizacioÌ?n, salvo que se trate de contrataciones a honorarios
+hasta por doce horas acadeÌ?micas.
+
+
+ TiÌ?tulo V
+
+ Disposiciones varias
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16.- Las universidades estatales seraÌ?n fiscalizadas por la
+ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, de acuerdo con su ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional.
+
+
+ SoÌ?lo estaraÌ?n afectas al traÌ?mite de toma de razoÌ?n la aprobacioÌ?n del
+presupuesto y la de sus modificaciones. CorresponderaÌ? a la ContraloriÌ?a
+General de la RepuÌ?blica auditar los balances de ejecucioÌ?n presupuestaria de
+las universidades estatales.
+
+
+ El Contralor General de la RepuÌ?blica, en el ejercicio de sus
+atribuciones, podraÌ? disponer otras medidas de control posterior con el
+objeto de asegurar la legalidad de los actos administrativos de las
+universidades estatales y de hacer efectivas las responsabilidades que
+procedan.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 17.- Las universidades estatales, por intermedio del Consejo
+de Rectores, propenderaÌ?n a una adecuada coordinacioÌ?n entre siÌ?, y con las
+demaÌ?s universidades que reciben aportes directos del Estado. PodraÌ?n,
+ademaÌ?s, celebrar convenios de cooperacioÌ?n con el resto de las instituciones
+de educacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 18.- Una copia de los reglamentos de aplicacioÌ?n general
+relativos al personal, a los estudiantes y a la estructura acadeÌ?mica de las
+universidades estatales y sus modificaciones, seraÌ?n depositadas en el
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, que mantendraÌ? un archivo puÌ?blico de los mismos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 19.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones a la ley Nº
+18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza:
+
+
+ 1.- ReemplaÌ?zase, en su artiÌ?culo 84, inciso cuarto, la expresioÌ?n "a
+los acadeÌ?micos" por la frase: "al personal universitario".
+
+
+ 2.- DeroÌ?gase el inciso final de su artiÌ?culo 84;
+
+
+ 3.- ReemplaÌ?zase su artiÌ?culo 85, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 85.- Las instituciones de ensenÌ?anza superior que reciban el
+aporte establecido en el artiÌ?culo 2º del decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 4, de
+EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, deberaÌ?n enviar al Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, anualmente,
+una memoria explicativa de sus actividades y su balance debidamente
+auditado.
+
+
+ Las instituciones de educacioÌ?n superior de caraÌ?cter privado que
+reciban el aporte establecido en el artiÌ?culo 3º del decreto con fuerza de
+ley Nº 4, de EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, deberaÌ?n rendir cuenta al Ministerio de
+EducacioÌ?n soÌ?lo respecto de los fondos fiscales que hubieren recibido.", y
+
+
+ 4.- AgreÌ?gase el siguiente artiÌ?culo 85 bis, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 85 bis.- El Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n llevaraÌ? un registro con
+la noÌ?mina de egresados de las universidades e institutos profesionales que
+esteÌ?n en posesioÌ?n de un tiÌ?tulo profesional. Al efecto, dichas instituciones
+y la Corte Suprema de Justicia, en el caso de la obtencioÌ?n del tiÌ?tulo de
+abogado, deberaÌ?n remitir al Ministerio, durante el mes de enero de cada
+anÌ?o, la noÌ?mina de titulados del anÌ?o anterior.".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20.- ModifiÌ?case la ley Nº 18.834, que aprueba el Estatuto
+Administrativo, en la forma siguiente: reemplaÌ?zase en la letra a) de su
+artiÌ?culo 156 la palabra "AcadeÌ?micos" por la expresioÌ?n "Personal".
+
+
+
+ 2 ArtiÌ?culos transitorios
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- Para los efectos de adecuar los actuales estatutos de
+las universidades estatales a las disposiciones de esta ley, cada una de
+dichas entidades deberaÌ? proponer al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, por
+intermedio del Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n, la modificacioÌ?n de sus respectivos
+estatutos, dentro de los primeros diez meses siguientes a la fecha de
+publicacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta.
+
+
+ La propuesta deberaÌ? ser aprobada, a iniciativa del Rector, por el
+oÌ?rgano colegiado superior de la universidad. Este oÌ?rgano estableceraÌ? los
+procedimientos y mecanismos que permitan la consulta al interior de la
+universidad sobre la formulacioÌ?n de la propuesta, en forma previa a su
+aprobacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para que dentro
+del plazo de un anÌ?o, contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de la presente ley,
+proceda mediante uno o maÌ?s decretos con fuerza de ley a modificar los
+estatutos de las universidades estatales, con arreglo a este cuerpo legal y
+sobre la base de la propuesta que cada universidad le presente.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º.- Si como consecuencia de la entrada en vigencia de los
+nuevos estatutos de las universidades estatales se produjera alguÌ?n cambio
+en la naturaleza juriÌ?dica de la relacioÌ?n laboral, sin que haya solucioÌ?n de
+continuidad en eÌ?sta, ello no significaraÌ? teÌ?rmino de funciones ni supresioÌ?n
+de cargo para ninguÌ?n efecto legal y, en consecuencia, no daraÌ? derecho a
+requerir el pago de beneficio alguno por esta causa.
+
+
+ En todo caso, los derechos adquiridos por el personal universitario
+no sufriraÌ?n alteracioÌ?n y podraÌ?n ser ejercidos por sus titulares en la
+oportunidad que corresponda.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- Los funcionarios de planta de las universidades
+estatales que cesaren en sus funciones por causa de jubilacioÌ?n dentro del
+teÌ?rmino de un anÌ?o a contar de la publicacioÌ?n de la presente ley, tendraÌ?n
+derecho a recibir una indemnizacioÌ?n equivalente a un mes de remuneracioÌ?n
+por cada anÌ?o de servicio en la institucioÌ?n, con un maÌ?ximo de seis, con
+cargo al presupuesto de la universidad y conforme al reglamento que cada
+universidad dicte para este efecto.
+
+
+ Esta indemnizacioÌ?n no seraÌ? imponible ni constituiraÌ? renta para ninguÌ?n
+efecto legal, y se calcularaÌ? sobre la base del promedio de las
+remuneraciones percibidas durante los seis uÌ?ltimos meses.
+
+
+ Dentro de los cinco anÌ?os siguientes a la fecha del cese por
+jubilacioÌ?n, las personas que perciban este beneficio soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ser
+nombradas o contratadas en la respectiva institucioÌ?n de educacioÌ?n superior
+estatal previa devolucioÌ?n iÌ?ntegra de la indemnizacioÌ?n, salvo que se trate
+de contrataciones a honorarios hasta por doce horas acadeÌ?micas.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º.- En tanto no entren en vigencia las normas estatutarias
+y reglamentarias que hayan de dictarse por aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley, las
+universidades estatales y su personal seguiraÌ?n rigieÌ?ndose por las normas
+que actualmente les son aplicables.".
+
+
+ - - - - - -
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones celebradas los diÌ?as 31 de marzo; 21 de abril; 4,
+5, 12 y 19 de mayo, y 9, 15, 16 y 23 de junio de 1999, con asistencia de
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Roberto MunÌ?oz Barra (Presidente), AndreÌ?s Chadwick
+PinÌ?era, Sergio DiÌ?ez UrzuÌ?a, Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara y RamoÌ?n Vega Hidalgo.
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 6 de julio de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M. ANGELICA BENNETT GUZMAN
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ INDICE
+
+
+
+ PaÌ?ginas
+
+
+
+Normas para cuya aprobacioÌ?n
+
+se requiere quoÌ?rum especial 1
+
+
+Constancias de conformidad con
+
+el artiÌ?culo 124 del Reglamento 2
+
+
+ObservacioÌ?n de caraÌ?cter general 4
+
+
+AnaÌ?lisis de las Indicaciones 5 y ss.
+
+
+CapiÌ?tulo de modificaciones 82 y ss.
+
+
+Texto del proyecto de ley 97 y ss.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A.
+
+
+ I. BOLETIN Nº: 2.054-04
+
+
+
+ II. MATERIA: Proyecto de ley marco de universidades estatales.
+
+
+
+ III. ORIGEN: Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+ IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Primer traÌ?mite.
+
+
+
+ V. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: 9 de julio de 1997.
+
+
+
+ VI. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Segundo informe.
+
+
+
+ VII. URGENCIA: No tiene.
+
+
+
+ VIII. LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA MATERIA:
+
+
+
+ a) La ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica del Estado, en su artiÌ?culo 19, Nºs.
+ 10 y 11, consagra el derecho a la educacioÌ?n y la libertad de
+ ensenÌ?anza, respectivamente.
+
+
+
+ b) La ley Nº 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza.
+
+
+
+ c) La ley Nº 18.575, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Bases Generales
+ de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+
+ d) La ley 18.834, que aprueba el Estatuto Administrativo.
+
+
+
+ e) La ley Nº 19.305, que modifica los estatutos de las
+ universidades que indica en materia de eleccioÌ?n de rector, y
+ establece normas para la adecuacioÌ?n de los mismos.
+
+
+
+ f) La ley Nº 10.336, sobre OrganizacioÌ?n y Atribuciones de la
+ ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+ g) El artiÌ?culo 99 de la ley Nº 18.681, que establece normas
+ complementarias sobre administracioÌ?n financiera, de incidencia
+ presupuestaria y personal.
+
+
+
+ h) El decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 1, del Ministerio de
+ EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, que fija normas sobre universidades.
+
+
+
+ i) El decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 3, del Ministerio de
+ EducacioÌ?n, de 1981, que establece normas sobre remuneraciones en
+ universidades chilenas.
+
+
+
+ j) El decreto ley Nº 2.448, de 1979, que modifica los regiÌ?menes
+ de pensiones que indica.
+
+
+
+ k) El decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 2, del Ministerio EducacioÌ?n,
+ de 1985, que fijoÌ? el texto refundido, coordinado y sistematizado del
+ Estatuto OrgaÌ?nico del Consejo de Rectores.
+
+
+
+
+
+ IX. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISION: Consta de
+ veinte artiÌ?culos permanentes y cinco transitorios.
+
+
+
+ X. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISION:
+
+
+ 1.- Fija el marco juriÌ?dico baÌ?sico al cual deberaÌ?n sujetarse las
+universidades estatales, el que, en siÌ?ntesis, regula los siguientes
+aspectos:
+
+
+Define a las universidades estatales como instituciones de educacioÌ?n
+superior creadas por ley, con personalidad juriÌ?dica y patrimonio propio,
+que gozan de autonomiÌ?a acadeÌ?mica, econoÌ?mica y administrativa en los
+teÌ?rminos previstos en la ley
+
+Nº 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza, sujetas a la
+supervigilancia del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica por intermedio del
+Ministerio de EducacioÌ?n;
+
+Establece objetivos de estas universidades, que deberaÌ?n cumplir de acuerdo
+a sus respectivos proyectos institucionales, nivel de desarrollo y
+disponibilidad de recursos humanos y financieros;
+
+Autoriza la dictacioÌ?n de nuevos estatutos mediante decretos con fuerza de
+ley, sobre la base de una propuesta elaborada por la propia universidad;
+
+Reconoce el caraÌ?cter democraÌ?tico y pluralista de las universidades
+estatales, en este sentido se concibe la participacioÌ?n de los distintos
+miembros de la comunidad universitaria en la vida institucional;
+
+SenÌ?ala que el personal universitario se regiraÌ? por las normas legales
+contenidas en este proyecto, por sus respectivos estatutos, que deberaÌ?n
+ajustarse a lo dispuesto en el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 45 de la ley Nº
+18.575, por los reglamentos que se dicten conforme a ellos y,
+supletoriamente, por la ley
+
+Nº 18.834 o el CoÌ?digo del Trabajo, seguÌ?n lo disponga el respectivo
+estatuto;
+
+Establece el principio general de control a posteriori de sus actos. Al
+efecto, se determinan las materias esenciales afectas a toma de razoÌ?n y se
+faculta al Contralor General de la RepuÌ?blica para senÌ?alar las modalidades
+de control ex-post de dichos actos, y
+
+Crea un mecanismo de retiro e indemnizaciones para acadeÌ?micos y
+funcionarios, de manera de contribuir a la renovacioÌ?n de las plantas de las
+universidades.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Contempla las siguientes autoridades universitarias: Rector;
+ oÌ?rgano colegiado superior, integrado por representantes elegidos por
+ el sector acadeÌ?mico, en la forma que establezca el Estatuto, tres
+ representantes del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, uno o dos
+ representantes de los estudiantes, seguÌ?n si el oÌ?rgano tuviere doce o
+ maÌ?s miembros, respectivamente, y un representante de los funcionarios
+ no acadeÌ?micos; un oÌ?rgano superior de control dirigido por un
+ Contralor.
+
+
+
+ En todo caso, se faculta a las universidades para proponer la
+ estructura orgaÌ?nica de gestioÌ?n administrativa, acadeÌ?mica y financiera
+ que les parezca pertinente en conformidad con las bases fijadas por
+ el proyecto.
+
+
+
+ XI. NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL:
+
+
+ A juicio de la ComisioÌ?n deberiÌ?an ser votados con quoÌ?rum orgaÌ?nico
+ constitucional el TiÌ?tulo II, cuyo epiÌ?grafe es "Del gobierno en las
+ universidades estatales", y los artiÌ?culos 19 y 22 (que pasan a ser 16
+ y 19 en el texto que os proponemos al final de este informe), en
+ cuanto modifican, respectivamente, las leyes Nºs. 18.575, OrgaÌ?nica
+ Constitucional de Bases Generales de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado;
+ 10.336, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de la ContraloriÌ?a General de la
+ RepuÌ?blica, y 18.962, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de EnsenÌ?anza.
+
+
+
+ Asimismo, deberiÌ?a ser votado con quoÌ?rum orgaÌ?nico constitucional el
+ numeral 4 del artiÌ?culo 22 (que pasa a ser 19 en el texto que se
+ propone), en cuanto incide en materias relativas a la organizacioÌ?n y
+ atribuciones de los tribunales de justicia, en conformidad con el
+ artiÌ?culo 74 de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica. Cabe senÌ?alar que la norma en
+ cuestioÌ?n fue consultada a la Excma. Corte Suprema por oficio
+
+ Nº ED/23/99.
+
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, al tenor de lo prescrito en el artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 21, de la
+ ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, deberiÌ?a ser votado con quoÌ?rum calificado el
+ artiÌ?culo 6º, inciso segundo (que pasa a ser 5º, inciso segundo, en el
+ texto que os proponemos), en razoÌ?n de que estariÌ?a autorizando a un
+ organismo del Estado para desarrollar actividades empresariales o
+ participar en ellas.
+
+
+
+ XII. ACUERDOS: Todas las Indicaciones que se senÌ?alan a continuacioÌ?n
+ fueron votadas por unanimidad, salvo las que se destacan con
+ negrillas que lo fueron por mayoriÌ?a, seguÌ?n se precisa:
+
+
+
+ Aprobadas: 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 46 bis, 51, 74, 75,
+ 76, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 92, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 106, 107, 108,
+ 109, 114, 115, 116, 117, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 152, 160, 161,
+ 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 172, 183, 185, 193, 194, 195, 206, 212,
+ 222, 237, 243, 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 291, 302, 303, 304, 307
+ y 312.
+
+
+
+ Aprobadas con modificaciones: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11,
+ 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
+ 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 38 bis, 47, 60, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 88, 93,
+ 99, 102, 103, 111, 112, 113, 118, 119, 122 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 131,
+ 132, 153, 154, 155, 156, 171, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192,
+ 198, 203, 208, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 226, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234,
+ 235, 257, 278 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 286, 294, 298, 299 y 311.
+
+
+
+ Rechazadas: 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
+ 56 bis, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63,
+
+ 63 bis, 68, 69, 70, 79, 86, 89, 90, 91, 104, 105, 110, 123, 124, 125,
+ 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 133 (por mayoriÌ?a 4-1), 140, 141, 142, 143,
+ 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 157, 158, 159, 166, 169, 170,
+ 172 bis, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 197, 199,
+ 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 213, 219, 220, 221, 223,
+ 224, 225, 227 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 228 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 231 (por
+ mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 238, 240, 246, 247, 248, 254, 255, 256, 258, 258 bis,
+ 259, 259 bis, 260, 261, 262, 262 bis, 263, 264, 264 bis, 265, 266,
+ 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 281,
+ 282, 283, 284, 285, 287 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 288 (por mayoriÌ?a
+
+ 3-2), 289 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 290 (por mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 290 bis (por
+ mayoriÌ?a 3-2), 292 (por mayoriÌ?a 4-1),
+
+ 293 (por mayoriÌ?a 4-1), 295, 300, 301, 308, 309 y 310.
+
+
+
+ Retiradas: 80, 196, 236, 239, 251, 313 y 314.
+
+
+
+ Declaradas inadmisibles: 64, 65, 66, 67, 95, 96, 120, 121, 241,
+ 242, 296, 297, 305 y 306.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ValparaiÌ?so, 6 de julio de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M. ANGELICA BENNETT GUZMAN
+
+2.1.1.1 Secretario
+
+
+
+
+
+ BOLETIN Nº 2257-10.
+
+
+
+ INFORME DE LA COMISION DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
+ recaiÌ?do en el proyecto de acuerdo, en segundo traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, sobre aprobacioÌ?n del Tratado de Libre
+ Comercio entre la RepuÌ?blica de Chile y los Estados
+ Unidos Mexicanos, sus anexos y apeÌ?ndices, suscrito en
+ Santiago, Chile, el 17 de abril de 1998.
+
+
+
+ _____________________________
+
+
+
+
+
+HONORABLE SENADO:
+
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n de Relaciones Exteriores tiene el honor de
+informaros respecto del proyecto de acuerdo -en segundo traÌ?mite
+constitucional, e iniciado en Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica-
+ individualizado en el rubro.
+
+
+ A la sesioÌ?n en que se consideroÌ? este asunto asistieron el senÌ?or
+Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores, don JoseÌ? Miguel Insulza; el Director
+General de Relaciones EconoÌ?micas Internacionales de la CancilleriÌ?a,
+Embajador don Juan Gabriel ValdeÌ?s; el Director de Asuntos JuriÌ?dicos de la
+CancilleriÌ?a, Embajador don Jaime Lagos; el Director de Asuntos EconoÌ?micos
+Multilaterales de la DireccioÌ?n General de Relaciones EconoÌ?micas
+Internacionales del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Ministro Consejero
+don Alejandro Jara, y el Asesor de la misma DireccioÌ?n, don Patricio
+Balmaceda.
+
+
+ Es menester precisar que las normas del Nº 2 del anexo 9-10, en la
+medida en que modifican, para los efectos de este Tratado, el monto y plazo
+maÌ?ximo del encaje que puede disponer el Banco Central de Chile, en
+conformidad con los artiÌ?culos 49, Nº 2, y 50, de la ley Nº 18.840, OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional del Banco, deben ser aprobadas por las cuatro seÌ?ptimas
+partes de los senÌ?ores Senadores en ejercicio, seguÌ?n lo dispuesto en el
+inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 63 de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, en relacioÌ?n con
+lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 97 de la Carta Fundamental.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, debe tenerse presente que por la indivisibilidad de la
+votacioÌ?n en el traÌ?mite de aprobacioÌ?n o rechazo de los acuerdos
+internacionales, la decisioÌ?n del H. Senado sobre este Tratado debe
+adoptarse con quoÌ?rum orgaÌ?nico constitucional.
+
+
+
+ ---------
+
+
+
+ ANTECEDENTES
+
+
+ I.- Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, con que se inicioÌ?
+el proyecto de acuerdo en informe, cuyos aspectos fundamentales se resenÌ?an
+a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ A.- EL TRATADO DE LIBRE COMERCIO CON MEXICO EN EL MARCO DE LA
+POLIÌ?TICA EXTERIOR CHILENA.
+
+
+ En primer teÌ?rmino, el Mensaje destaca que en el mundo contemporaÌ?neo
+las sociedades han tomado conciencia de que dependen unas de otras para
+lograr incrementar el nivel de desarrollo y asiÌ? disminuir la pobreza.
+Ello, junto con un acelerado proceso de desarrollo tecnoloÌ?gico, estaÌ?
+llevando a una globalizacioÌ?n de las economiÌ?as cada vez mayor. Este proceso
+se manifiesta tanto a nivel poliÌ?tico, como social y econoÌ?mico.
+
+
+ Agrega que el Tratado en informe crea una soÌ?lida y profunda zona de
+libre comercio entre ambos paiÌ?ses y constituye un importante factor para
+acrecentar y reforzar normativamente la expansioÌ?n del intercambio comercial
+iniciada con la vigencia del Acuerdo de ComplementacioÌ?n EconoÌ?mica Nº 17,
+suscrito entre Chile y MeÌ?xico, en 1991, en el marco de la AsociacioÌ?n
+Latinoamericana de IntegracioÌ?n (ALADI), incorporando reglas y disciplinas
+comerciales acordes a nuestra relacioÌ?n bilateral. Asimismo, contribuye a
+la promocioÌ?n y proteccioÌ?n de las inversiones extranjeras y de los servicios
+transfronterizos, incluyendo los servicios de transporte aeÌ?reo y la
+proteccioÌ?n de los derechos de propiedad intelectual.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica afirma que Chile se enfrenta a
+este escenario mundial en un marco de estabilidad poliÌ?tica y con un modelo
+de desarrollo econoÌ?mico que le ha permitido crecer, en promedio, a tasas
+superiores al siete por ciento en la uÌ?ltima deÌ?cada y duplicar el producto
+interno bruto en el uÌ?ltimo lustro.
+
+
+ A pesar de lo anterior, continuÌ?a el Mensaje, subsisten una serie de
+limitaciones al intercambio y la interrelacioÌ?n entre los paiÌ?ses, las que,
+en su mayoriÌ?a, son impuestas unilateralmente por los Gobiernos y que se
+mantienen con el fin de proteger algunos sectores en particular. Se debe
+reconocer, tambieÌ?n, la existencia de diferencias de orden natural, como lo
+es el tamanÌ?o de cada paiÌ?s y su ubicacioÌ?n geograÌ?fica, que, de un modo u
+otro, marcan el desarrollo de los pueblos.
+
+
+ Dichas barreras, prosigue, constituyen restricciones al desarrollo de
+paiÌ?ses que, como Chile, han optado por un modelo de economiÌ?a abierta,
+encontrando trabas al ingreso de sus exportaciones de bienes y servicios a
+otros mercados y enfrentando inseguridades en las reglas del juego en los
+mercados externos, que disminuyen la rentabilidad de exportar, prestar
+servicios transfronterizos e invertir en ellos.
+
+
+ Con el fin de superar aquellas limitaciones, afirma el Mensaje, el
+Gobierno ha seguido una estrategia basada en la negociacioÌ?n bilateral de
+acuerdos internacionales. Se trata de constituir un mecanismo
+complementario y compatible con la apertura unilateral y la liberalizacioÌ?n
+a escala multilateral, que permita generar un desarrollo en los distintos
+aÌ?mbitos de nuestra economiÌ?a.
+
+
+
+ B.- FUNDAMENTO Y MARCO CONCEPTUAL DEL TRATADO DE LIBRE COMERCIO ENTRE
+CHILE Y MEXICO.
+
+
+ Sobre este particular, el Mensaje expresa que este Tratado se enmarca
+en una poliÌ?tica de internacionalizacioÌ?n con el resto de las naciones del
+continente americano y de profundizacioÌ?n de los acuerdos existentes.
+
+
+ Agrega que dado que hoy no todos los paiÌ?ses de AmeÌ?rica estaÌ?n
+preparados para negociar la supresioÌ?n de barreras, se inicioÌ? la negociacioÌ?n
+con aquellas economiÌ?as que siÌ? pueden enfrentar dicho desafiÌ?o en el
+presente, comenzando este proceso con la suscripcioÌ?n del Acuerdo de
+ComplementacioÌ?n EconoÌ?mica Nº 17 con MeÌ?xico, en 1991, el que es sustituido
+por el presente Tratado, que lo perfecciona, profundiza y ampliÌ?a, con el
+objeto de adelantar, al menos en parte, los beneficios de la integracioÌ?n.
+Ciertamente, puntualiza el Mensaje, este Tratado, si bien puede ser
+faÌ?cilmente integrable a acuerdos regionales en futuras negociaciones con
+paiÌ?ses americanos, tiene valor juriÌ?dico y econoÌ?mico por siÌ? mismo.
+
+
+ En efecto, anÌ?ade, el Convenio profundiza el Acuerdo suscrito en 1991,
+recogiendo la experiencia acumulada por ambos paiÌ?ses en otros planos desde
+la suscripcioÌ?n de ese instrumento y es asiÌ? como MeÌ?xico y Chile convergieron
+respecto del tipo de modelo de acuerdo que deseaban negociar; el primero,
+teniendo como punto de partida su experiencia en el NAFTA y, el segundo, su
+experiencia acumulada en la negociacioÌ?n del Tratado de Libre Comercio con
+CanadaÌ?. Desde el punto de vista de Chile, el Tratado suscrito con MeÌ?xico
+avanza, respecto del vigente con CanadaÌ?, en nuevas aÌ?reas que recogen la
+especificidad de la relacioÌ?n bilateral. Justamente, esto explica que se
+incorporen en este Convenio aÌ?reas que no fueron negociadas con CanadaÌ?, como
+es el caso de normalizacioÌ?n, medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, y
+propiedad intelectual. El presente instrumento, no obstante, permite que
+cada Parte mantenga su identidad en aquellos puntos que se consideran
+esenciales. Ejemplos de ello lo constituyen el que Chile mantenga el
+derecho de aplicar el mecanismo de bandas de precios al que se acogen un
+grupo de productos agriÌ?colas y la facultad del Banco Central de Chile de
+aplicar medidas con el objeto de preservar la estabilidad de la moneda.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, recuerda que MeÌ?xico es la mayor
+nacioÌ?n de habla hispana del mundo, con un mercado consumidor potencial
+cercano a los cien millones de personas, siendo, ademaÌ?s, miembro de la
+OrganizacioÌ?n para la CooperacioÌ?n y Desarrollo EconoÌ?micos (OCDE), teniendo
+un producto interno bruto cercano a los cuatrocientos cuatro mil millones
+de doÌ?lares, es decir, aproximadamente, cinco veces mayor que el de Chile, e
+importando anualmente alrededor de ciento nueve coma ocho millones de
+doÌ?lares.
+
+
+ En los uÌ?ltimos ocho anÌ?os, precisa, nuestras exportaciones a MeÌ?xico se
+han incrementado en maÌ?s del setecientos por ciento, lo que indica la
+existencia de un importante mercado emergente. El intercambio comercial
+entre ambos paiÌ?ses ha aumentado de ciento cincuenta y ocho millones de
+doÌ?lares, en 1990, a mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y dos millones de doÌ?lares,
+en 1997, constituyendo uno de los principales mercados para nuestros
+productos.
+
+
+ Remarca, a continuacioÌ?n, que ambas naciones comparten una visioÌ?n
+comuÌ?n acerca del camino a seguir en materia de integracioÌ?n de las AmeÌ?ricas
+y, por ello, MeÌ?xico no solo representa un mercado importante para la
+exportacioÌ?n de nuestros bienes y servicios, sino, tambieÌ?n, constituye un
+socio estrateÌ?gico en el proceso del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de las
+AmeÌ?ricas (ALCA), asiÌ? como en el Foro de CooperacioÌ?n EconoÌ?mica del Asia-
+PaciÌ?fico (APEC).
+
+
+ Luego, el Mensaje subraya que el presente instrumento, junto al
+Acuerdo suscrito entre Chile y CanadaÌ?, marca un hito por su nivel de
+profundidad y la amplitud de temas que abarca, agregando nuevos compromisos
+que reducen importantes barreras no arancelarias, como procedimientos
+aduaneros engorrosos, normas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, normas teÌ?cnicas,
+evitando, ademaÌ?s, otros mecanismos discrecionales. Se incluye un trato no
+discriminatorio a la exportacioÌ?n de los servicios, se incorporan en estas
+disciplinas aÌ?reas como el transporte aeÌ?reo y algunas normas sobre
+transporte mariÌ?timo, y una adecuada proteccioÌ?n para la inversioÌ?n extranjera
+y los derechos de propiedad intelectual. Por otra parte, se establece la
+obligacioÌ?n de adoptar medidas que prohiban praÌ?cticas monopoÌ?licas y se
+mantiene un ambiente de sana competencia en el mercado interno.
+
+
+ En seguida, el Mensaje del Ejecutivo hace presente que este Tratado,
+si bien se basa en grandes principios de liberalizacioÌ?n de las barreras al
+comercio de bienes y servicios y la inversioÌ?n, reconoce, asimismo, la
+necesidad de una gradualidad importante en el proceso de apertura de
+ciertos sectores sensibles. AsiÌ?, entre otros, Chile mantiene las bandas de
+precios, se reserva el derecho de exigir la nacionalidad para ejercer como
+abogado en nuestro paiÌ?s y mantiene el cabotaje reservado a las empresas
+chilenas. De la misma manera, aspectos estrateÌ?gicos, como la seguridad
+nacional, quedan adecuadamente resguardados.
+
+
+ Finalmente, destaca que la negociacioÌ?n en materia de acceso a
+provisioÌ?n de servicios e inversioÌ?n en los diferentes sectores econoÌ?micos,
+no significaraÌ? para Chile cambio alguno respecto de su legislacioÌ?n actual.
+Se trata, entonces, de un proceso de consolidacioÌ?n de nuestro nivel de
+apertura en la mayoriÌ?a de los sectores. MeÌ?xico, por su parte, otorga a
+Chile el mismo nivel de apertura concedido a los Estados Unidos de AmeÌ?rica
+y CanadaÌ?, inclusive superior en algunos sectores.
+
+
+
+ C.- CONSIDERACIONES DEL MENSAJE RESPECTO DE MATERIAS ESPECIFICAS DEL
+TRATADO.
+
+
+
+ 1.- Trato Nacional y Acceso de Bienes al Mercado.
+
+
+ Al respecto, el Primer Mandatario senÌ?ala que, en materia de
+desgravacioÌ?n arancelaria, se mantuvo el nivel de liberalizacioÌ?n alcanzado
+en el Acuerdo de ComplementacioÌ?n EconoÌ?mica Nº 17, donde el 98,4% del
+intercambio bilateral enfrenta cero arancel aduanero. La regla general en
+la materia es el principio de Trato Nacional, en virtud del cual los bienes
+de una Parte, una vez ingresados al territorio de la Otra, no pueden ser
+objeto de discriminacioÌ?n y tienen el mismo tratamiento que los bienes de la
+Parte importadora. Las excepciones a este compromiso las constituyen, en
+el caso de MeÌ?xico, el Decreto para el Fomento y ModernizacioÌ?n del Sector
+Automotriz y, en el caso de Chile, las medidas a la importacioÌ?n de
+vehiÌ?culos usados.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, a la entrada en vigor del Convenio, las Partes mantendraÌ?n la
+eliminacioÌ?n de todos sus aranceles aduaneros para bienes originarios.
+
+
+ Los productos contemplados en las listas de excepciones son,
+aproximadamente, cien clasificaciones arancelarias, que representan cerca
+del dos por ciento del universo de productos, y soÌ?lo un producto (manzanas)
+integra la lista de desgravacioÌ?n, en un programa que terminaraÌ? el anÌ?o 2006.
+
+
+ De conformidad con el Tratado, las Partes no podraÌ?n aplicar
+restricciones a las importaciones ni exportaciones, salvo las reservas que
+cada una de ellas establecen. Chile se reservoÌ? el derecho de imponer y
+mantener medidas relativas a la venta interna de la produccioÌ?n nacional de
+cobre y otros metales e imponer medidas a la importacioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos
+usados. MeÌ?xico, por su parte, establecioÌ? prohibiciones o permisos previos
+para la importacioÌ?n de ropa usada, bienes derivados del petroÌ?leo y bienes
+usados y nuevos del sector automotor.
+
+
+ En cuanto a la exencioÌ?n de aranceles aduaneros, ambas Partes
+mantienen sus programas, sujetos a requisitos de desempenÌ?o, hasta la fecha
+que establece la OMC para su eliminacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con los impuestos a la exportacioÌ?n, salvo los programas
+de MeÌ?xico para hacer frente a la escasez grave de alimentos y de bienes de
+consumo baÌ?sico, ninguna de las Partes puede imponer impuestos, gravaÌ?menes o
+cargos sobre bienes destinados a la exportacioÌ?n a territorio de la otra
+Parte, a menos que se adopten los mismos cuando los bienes estaÌ?n destinados
+al consumo interno.
+
+
+ El Mensaje del Ejecutivo destaca que en el Acuerdo se dispone la
+eliminacioÌ?n de todos los subsidios a la exportacioÌ?n para bienes
+agropecuarios para el 1 de enero del anÌ?o 2003. Hasta esa fecha, si una de
+las Partes incrementa, introduce o reintroduce subsidios a la exportacioÌ?n,
+la Otra podraÌ? incrementar el arancel de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida para ese
+producto. Esta disposicioÌ?n, subraya, representa un logro para Chile, por
+cuanto nuestro paiÌ?s ya ha comprometido frente a la OMC el no tener ninguÌ?n
+tipo de subsidio a la exportacioÌ?n, excepto el reintegro simplificado hasta
+el anÌ?o 2003.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Reglas de origen.
+
+
+ El Mensaje senÌ?ala que estas reglas tienen por objetivo asegurar que
+los beneficios del Tratado sean concedidos a bienes producidos en Chile y
+MeÌ?xico, y no a bienes que se elaboren total o mayoritariamente en otros
+paiÌ?ses. Esto se logra mediante el establecimiento de reglas claras y
+precisas. De esta manera, se reducen obstaÌ?culos administrativos para los
+exportadores, importadores y productores que realicen actividades
+comerciales en el marco del Acuerdo.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Procedimientos Aduaneros.
+
+
+ Se busca impedir que estos procedimientos se utilicen como barreras
+no arancelarias al comercio, y reglamentar la aplicacioÌ?n y fiscalizacioÌ?n
+del cumplimiento de las normas de origen. Estos procedimientos, afirma el
+Mensaje, representan para Chile la introduccioÌ?n de nuevas formas de
+proceder: la certificacioÌ?n del origen, la determinacioÌ?n de las obligaciones
+del importador y del exportador, la factibilidad de que el sector privado
+requiera pronunciamientos en forma previa al despacho de las mercanciÌ?as
+respecto al cumplimiento de origen, mecanismos de revisiones e
+impugnaciones de las actuaciones de la administracioÌ?n, y un adecuado y
+efectivo sistema de sanciones.
+
+
+
+ 4.- Salvaguardias.
+
+
+ Se permite a las Partes adoptar medidas de salvaguardia bilateral,
+cuyo objeto es evitar un danÌ?o que puede ocasionarse por un aumento excesivo
+e imprevisto en la importacioÌ?n de un producto originario de la otra Parte,
+a causa de la desgravacioÌ?n arancelaria al implementarse el Acuerdo. Tales
+medidas soÌ?lo pueden ser adoptadas por un plazo limitado, exigieÌ?ndose a la
+Parte que las establece el otorgamiento de una compensacioÌ?n a la Parte a
+quien se le imponen.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias.
+
+
+ Se persigue impedir el uso de tales medidas como restricciones
+encubiertas al comercio, salvaguardando el derecho de cada Parte para
+adoptar las medidas necesarias para la proteccioÌ?n de la vida o la salud
+humana, animal o vegetal.
+
+
+ Las Partes aceptaraÌ?n, en el mayor grado posible, como equivalentes a
+sus medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias las de la otra Parte, a condicioÌ?n
+de que el paiÌ?s exportador demuestre que sus medidas cumplen con el nivel
+adecuado de proteccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Asimismo, se comprometen a utilizar las normas, directrices o
+recomendaciones de las organizaciones internacionales competentes
+(ConvencioÌ?n Internacional de ProteccioÌ?n Fitosanitaria, Oficina
+Internacional de Epizootias y ComisioÌ?n del Codex Alimentarius) como base
+para sus medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias. No obstante, cada paiÌ?s
+signatario podraÌ? adoptar medidas maÌ?s estrictas que las internacionales
+cuando sea necesario para alcanzar los niveles de proteccioÌ?n que considere
+apropiados, siempre que tengan fundamento cientiÌ?fico.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, se crea un ComiteÌ? de Medidas Sanitarias y
+Fitosanitarias, al que corresponden las facultades que se indican.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, afirma el Primer Mandatario, todos estos elementos
+constituyen un impulso al comercio de bienes agriÌ?colas, forestales y
+pesqueros, otorgando mayor certeza respecto de los principios y
+procedimientos del caso.
+
+
+
+ 6.- Medidas relativas a la normalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El CapiÌ?tulo 8 del Acuerdo se refiere a ellas, es decir, a las normas
+oficiales, a las reglamentaciones teÌ?cnicas del Gobierno y a los procesos
+utilizados para determinar si estas medidas se cumplen, establecieÌ?ndose el
+compromiso de las Partes de no utilizarlas como obstaÌ?culos innecesarios al
+comercio.
+
+
+ En esta materia, afirma el Mensaje, el Tratado constituye un avance
+respecto del Acuerdo sobre ObstaÌ?culos TeÌ?cnicos al Comercio de la OMC, ya
+que se incorporan los servicios transfronterizos en su aÌ?mbito de
+aplicacioÌ?n, en concordancia con los nuevos planteamientos de los foros
+internacionales. Se profundizan sus diversos compromisos y, en algunos
+casos, se hacen maÌ?s operativos.
+
+
+ Por otro lado, se establece un ComiteÌ? de medidas relativas a la
+normalizacioÌ?n y cooperacioÌ?n teÌ?cnica, encargado de cumplir con las funciones
+que se detallan.
+
+
+
+ 7.- Inversiones.
+
+
+ Se regula el reÌ?gimen de Inversiones entre ambos paiÌ?ses, mejorando
+considerablemente el sistema juriÌ?dico general que se aplica a los
+inversionistas mexicanos en Chile y a los chilenos en MeÌ?xico, ya que se
+otorgan beneficios y garantiÌ?as sobre trato no discriminatorio.
+
+
+ Similar al caso de los productos, se garantiza que los inversionistas
+de la otra Parte recibiraÌ?n un trato equivalente a los inversionistas
+nacionales.
+
+
+ El Mensaje del Ejecutivo destaca que el Convenio regula
+cuidadosamente las condiciones para la expropiacioÌ?n y garantiza a los
+inversionistas de la otra Parte una compensacioÌ?n justa y adecuada en caso
+que dicha medida se aplicare.
+
+
+ El Tratado reconoce la existencia de ciertas restricciones en
+inversiones que impiden cumplir con los principios generales establecidos
+en el articulado, permitiendo a las Partes incluir reservas, las cuales se
+encuentran acordadas en los Anexos I, II, III y IV.
+
+
+ S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, expresa que el artiÌ?culo 9-10
+establece que las Partes se comprometen a que las transferencias
+relacionadas con la inversioÌ?n de la Otra, podraÌ?n realizarse libremente y
+sin demora, en una divisa de libre uso y al tipo de cambio vigente en el
+mercado. Sin embargo, agrega, la aplicacioÌ?n irrestricta de esa norma iriÌ?a
+en detrimento de las atribuciones que la Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional
+confiere al Banco Central de Chile, por lo cual nuestro paiÌ?s ha incluido
+una reserva a dicho artiÌ?culo, lo que permitiriÌ?a la aplicacioÌ?n de ciertas
+medidas con el propoÌ?sito de mantener la estabilidad de la moneda.
+
+
+ El Mensaje destaca que dentro de las medidas reservadas se incluyen:
+
+
+ a) La exigencia de permanecer un anÌ?o a los capitales provenientes de
+una inversioÌ?n, de acuerdo a como se aplica en la actualidad.
+
+
+ b) La Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional del Banco Central de Chile
+establece que el encaje a las inversiones o creÌ?ditos que llegan a Chile es
+de cuarenta por ciento y no impone liÌ?mites a los anÌ?os de aplicacioÌ?n. El
+Tratado limita esta atribucioÌ?n al establecer la posibilidad de exigir un
+encaje a todo tipo de inversiones y creÌ?ditos que ingresan a Chile,
+exceptuando el encaje a los aportes de capital en inversiones productivas.
+Este encaje no podraÌ? ser superior al treinta por ciento y soÌ?lo seraÌ?
+aplicable, como maÌ?ximo, durante los dos primeros anÌ?os que los capitales
+permanecen en Chile.
+
+
+ c) La posibilidad de imponer medidas que permitan evitar que se
+eludan las medidas reservadas antes senÌ?aladas.
+
+
+ Asimismo, el Ejecutivo subraya que el Convenio establece un sistema
+especial de solucioÌ?n de controversias relacionado con inversiones.
+
+
+
+ 8.- Servicios Transfronterizos.
+
+
+ El Mensaje senÌ?ala que el Convenio incluye una liberalizacioÌ?n en el
+campo de los Servicios Transfronterizos, ampliaÌ?ndose lo establecido en el
+Acuerdo de ComplementacioÌ?n EconoÌ?mica Nº 17 y en las negociaciones
+multilaterales de la Ronda Uruguay, ya que abarca la casi totalidad de los
+sectores de servicios y comprende maÌ?s aspectos de cada sector.
+
+
+ Agrega que estas normas estaÌ?n regidas por los principios de Trato
+Nacional y NacioÌ?n maÌ?s Favorecida, de modo similar al caso de las
+inversiones.
+
+
+ Los servicios profesionales, subraya, son una de las principales
+actividades de servicios, por lo cual se contemplan disciplinas orientadas
+a facilitar y promover su prestacioÌ?n. A objeto de evitar barreras
+innecesarias al comercio, se establecen procedimientos para la expedicioÌ?n
+de licencias y certificacioÌ?n de profesionales. Se consagran mecanismos
+para el reconocimiento mutuo de licencias y certificados; no existe
+obligacioÌ?n de reconocer automaÌ?ticamente los estudios o experiencia de un
+prestador de servicios proveniente de la otra Parte.
+
+
+ En materia de transporte mariÌ?timo, se elimina la reserva de carga
+vigente en la legislacioÌ?n mexicana que afectaba al sector automotriz,
+disponieÌ?ndose, de esta manera, el acceso en igualdad de condiciones de las
+naves mexicanas y chilenas al transporte de esta clase de bienes y de todo
+tipo de mercanciÌ?as.
+
+
+
+ 9.- Servicios de Transporte AeÌ?reo.
+
+
+ A este respecto, el Mensaje senÌ?ala que en el CapiÌ?tulo 11,
+precisamente sobre Servicios de Transporte AeÌ?reo, las Partes se remiten a
+lo dispuesto en el Convenio sobre Transporte AeÌ?reo entre el Gobierno de la
+RepuÌ?blica de Chile y el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, firmado
+el 14 de enero de 1997, o su sucesor. No obstante, acuerdan aplicar en esta
+materia ciertos CapiÌ?tulos del Tratado: AdministracioÌ?n, SolucioÌ?n de
+Controversias, con algunas modificaciones, Excepciones y Disposiciones
+Finales.
+
+
+
+ 10.- Entrada Temporal de Personas de Negocios.
+
+
+ Se otorgan garantiÌ?as para un ingreso maÌ?s expedito de los
+inversionistas de ambos paiÌ?ses, los visitantes de negocios nacionales de
+las Partes, las transferencias de personal dentro de una companÌ?iÌ?a y otros
+profesionales.
+
+
+
+
+
+ 11.- PoliÌ?ticas sobre Competencia, Monopolios y Empresas del Estado.
+
+
+ El Mensaje expresa que los preceptos del Tratado sobre estas materias
+son plenamente consistentes con la legislacioÌ?n correspondiente actualmente
+vigente en Chile. Se establece la obligacioÌ?n general de las Partes de
+adoptar o mantener medidas que prohiban praÌ?cticas contrarias a la libre
+competencia.
+
+
+ Se permite a las Partes establecer monopolios. Si el monopolio lo
+ejerce un ente privado, cada Parte debe asegurarse que dicho ente actuÌ?e de
+manera que no sea incompatible con las obligaciones del Convenio, tomando
+sus decisiones solamente bajo consideraciones comerciales y otorgando un
+trato no discriminatorio en sus adquisiciones y ventas. Se acepta,
+tambieÌ?n, establecer o mantener empresas del Estado.
+
+
+
+ 12.- Propiedad intelectual.
+
+
+ El Tratado impone a cada Parte la obligacioÌ?n de otorgar en su
+territorio a los nacionales de la Otra, proteccioÌ?n y defensa adecuada y
+eficaz para los derechos de propiedad intelectual: derechos de autor,
+derechos conexos, marcas de faÌ?brica o de comercio y denominaciones de
+origen, asiÌ? como la de asegurar que las medidas destinadas a defender esos
+derechos no se conviertan, a su vez, en obstaÌ?culos al comercio legiÌ?timo.
+
+
+ Respecto de los derechos de autor y derechos conexos, se protegen
+como obras literarias los programas computacionales y se incorpora una
+disposicioÌ?n relativa a la proteccioÌ?n de senÌ?ales de sateÌ?lite portadoras de
+programas.
+
+
+ En lo relativo a denominaciones de origen, MeÌ?xico reconoce la
+denominacioÌ?n "Pisco" como de uso exclusivo para los productos originarios
+provenientes de Chile, sin perjuicio de los derechos que MeÌ?xico pueda
+reconocer, ademaÌ?s de Chile, exclusivamente al PeruÌ?, en relacioÌ?n al "Pisco".
+TambieÌ?n MeÌ?xico reconoce el "Pajarete" y "Vino Asoleado" para su uso
+exclusivo en productos originarios de Chile. Adicionalmente, se comprometioÌ?
+la conformacioÌ?n de una comisioÌ?n teÌ?cnica bipartita que estudiaraÌ? las
+denominaciones de origen de los vinos chilenos. Por su parte, Chile
+reconoce las denominaciones "Tequila" y "Mezcal" para su uso exclusivo de
+productos originarios de MeÌ?xico.
+
+
+
+ 13.- Transparencia.
+
+
+ El Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica manifiesta que las
+Partes se obligan a publicar las normas legales y las resoluciones
+administrativas de aplicacioÌ?n general.
+
+
+
+ 14.- AdministracioÌ?n del Tratado.
+
+
+ Para tal efecto se crea la ComisioÌ?n de Libre Comercio, integrada por
+el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile y el Secretario de Comercio y
+Fomento Industrial de MeÌ?xico, cuya misioÌ?n seraÌ? supervisar la aplicacioÌ?n del
+Convenio y la labor de los comiteÌ?s, subcomiteÌ?s y grupos de expertos, y
+resolver las controversias que surjan respecto de la interpretacioÌ?n o
+aplicacioÌ?n del Tratado.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, se establece un Secretariado, integrado por secciones
+nacionales.
+
+
+
+ 15.- SolucioÌ?n de controversias.
+
+
+ Se reglamenta la forma de solucionar divergencias entre las Partes,
+relativas al Tratado o a medidas incompatibles con eÌ?ste o que puedan causar
+anulacioÌ?n o menoscabo a ciertos beneficios en eÌ?l establecidos. No se
+aplicaraÌ? este procedimiento a discrepancias que surjan en relacioÌ?n con
+medidas de salvaguardia meramente propuestas o a materias exceptuadas del
+Convenio bajo el CapiÌ?tulo 19.
+
+
+ El Tratado abre, primeramente, una opcioÌ?n para que la Parte
+reclamante recurra, a su eleccioÌ?n, al procedimiento establecido bajo la
+OrganizacioÌ?n Mundial del Comercio o al Acuerdo. Si la Parte opta por el
+Tratado, el procedimiento es el que se resume a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Se establece, inicialmente, un sistema de consultas entre las Partes
+y si eÌ?ste no prosperase, cualquiera de ellas puede recurrir a la ComisioÌ?n
+de Libre Comercio, la cual debe iniciar una fase de conciliacioÌ?n o
+mediacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Si la ComisioÌ?n no logra que las Partes lleguen a un acuerdo dentro de
+cierto plazo, deberaÌ? establecer un grupo arbitral de cinco miembros,
+siguiendo las reglas de procedimiento que estableceraÌ? aqueÌ?lla. Los
+aÌ?rbitros se escogen, por lo general, de una lista confeccionada por las
+Partes, de personas con conocimiento y experiencia internacional.
+
+
+ El grupo arbitral, dentro de ciertos plazos y recibida la informacioÌ?n
+que estime pertinente, emite un informe preliminar que contiene una
+conclusioÌ?n de hecho, una determinacioÌ?n si existe incompatibilidad entre el
+Convenio y la medida de la Parte y una recomendacioÌ?n. Cumplido cierto
+lapso para observaciones de las Partes, el grupo arbitral emite un informe
+final que se comunica a ellas y a la ComisioÌ?n y luego se publica, salvo
+acuerdo en contrario de esta uÌ?ltima.
+
+
+ El informe final del grupo arbitral es obligatorio para las Partes,
+sin perjuicio que las mismas puedan convenir otra cosa.
+
+
+
+ 16.- Excepciones.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el Mensaje destaca que el Tratado contempla excepciones
+generales que se establecen en el CapiÌ?tulo 19.
+
+
+
+ II.- ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica de Chile.
+
+
+ Su artiÌ?culo 50, Nº 1, entrega al Congreso Nacional
+como atribucioÌ?n exclusiva, el aprobar o desechar los tratados
+internacionales que le presentare el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica antes de su
+ratificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+
+ CONTENIDO FUNDAMENTAL DEL INSTRUMENTO INTERNACIONAL OBJETO DEL PROYECTO DE
+ ACUERDO
+
+
+
+ El Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Chile y los Estados Unidos
+Mexicanos consta de un PreaÌ?mbulo y veinte CapiÌ?tulos, distribuidos en seis
+Partes, en los que se establecen los principios de orden general.
+
+
+ Las excepciones a los principios generales del Tratado se consultan
+en Anexos, los que forman parte integrante del mismo. El referido Convenio
+contiene seis Anexos generales que se relacionan con los CapiÌ?tulos 9
+(InversioÌ?n) y 10 (Comercio Transfronterizo de Servicios). AdemaÌ?s, cuando
+ha sido necesario detallar alguna obligacioÌ?n o derecho especiÌ?fico de una o
+ambas Partes, se ha recurrido a la redaccioÌ?n de Anexos particulares de
+determinados artiÌ?culos o paÌ?rrafos de los mismos.
+
+
+
+1 A.- PreaÌ?mbulo.
+
+
+ Contiene los propoÌ?sitos que animan a las Partes para suscribir el
+Tratado en informe.
+
+
+
+ B.- PRIMERA PARTE. ASPECTOS GENERALES. (CapiÌ?tulos 1 y 2, con 1
+Anexo).
+
+
+ Esta Parte, "Aspectos Generales", comprende el CapiÌ?tulo 1, que
+describe las Disposiciones Iniciales del Tratado, y el CapiÌ?tulo 2, de
+Definiciones Generales utilizadas en todo el articulado, sin perjuicio de
+que algunos CapiÌ?tulos contengan definiciones especiales.
+
+
+ El objetivo fundamental del Tratado es establecer una zona de libre
+comercio, de conformidad con las normas pertinentes del Acuerdo General
+sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio de 1994 (GATT-1994) y el Acuerdo
+General sobre el Comercio de Servicios (GATS), que son parte del Acuerdo
+sobre la OMC, y el Tratado de Montevideo de 1980. (ArtiÌ?culo 1-01).
+
+
+ Ahora bien, los objetivos del presente Convenio, desarrollados de
+manera especiÌ?fica a traveÌ?s de sus principios y reglas, incluidos los de
+trato nacional, trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida y transparencia, son los
+siguientes:
+
+
+ a) Estimular la expansioÌ?n y diversificacioÌ?n del comercio entre las
+Partes;
+
+
+ b) Eliminar las barreras al comercio y facilitar la circulacioÌ?n de
+bienes y servicios en la zona de libre comercio;
+
+
+ c) Promover condiciones de competencia leal en la zona de libre
+comercio;
+
+
+ d) Aumentar sustancialmente las oportunidades de inversioÌ?n en la zona
+de libre comercio;
+
+
+ e) Proteger y hacer valer, de manera adecuada y efectiva, los
+derechos de propiedad intelectual en la zona de libre comercio;
+
+
+ f) Establecer lineamientos para la ulterior cooperacioÌ?n entre las
+Partes, asiÌ? como en el aÌ?mbito regional y multilateral, encaminados a
+ampliar y mejorar los beneficios de este Tratado, y
+
+
+ g) Crear procedimientos eficaces para la aplicacioÌ?n y cumplimiento de
+este Tratado, para su administracioÌ?n conjunta y para la solucioÌ?n de
+controversias. (ArtiÌ?culo 1-02).
+
+
+ El Anexo 2-01 contempla las "Definiciones EspeciÌ?ficas por PaiÌ?s".
+AsiÌ?, se senÌ?ala queÌ? se entiende para los efectos de este Tratado por
+"nacional" y "territorio", tanto respecto de Chile como de MeÌ?xico.
+
+
+
+ C.- SEGUNDA PARTE. COMERCIO DE BIENES. (CapiÌ?tulos 3, con 9 Anexos, 4,
+5 y 6, con 2 Anexos).
+
+
+ La Segunda Parte, que se refiere al Comercio de Bienes, incluye el
+CapiÌ?tulo 3, sobre Trato Nacional y Acceso de Bienes al Mercado; el CapiÌ?tulo
+4, que establece las Reglas de Origen; el CapiÌ?tulo 5, relativo a
+Procedimientos Aduaneros, y el CapiÌ?tulo 6, que regula la aplicacioÌ?n de
+Medidas de Salvaguardia.
+
+
+
+ I.- CapiÌ?tulo 3. Trato Nacional y Acceso de Bienes al Mercado.
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones y aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culos 3-01 y 3-02 y
+Anexo 3-01).
+
+
+ Se definen, para los efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, expresiones tales como
+"admisioÌ?n temporal de bienes", "bien agropecuario", "subsidios a la
+exportacioÌ?n", etc., y se senÌ?ala que el CapiÌ?tulo se aplica al comercio de
+bienes de una Parte.
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-01 determina lo que se entenderaÌ? por "vehiÌ?culo usado".
+Para el caso de Chile, lo seraÌ?n todos los vehiÌ?culos que no correspondan a
+la definicioÌ?n establecida en la letra (nÌ?) del artiÌ?culo 1 de la ley Nº
+18.483.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Trato Nacional. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-03 y Anexo 3-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? trato nacional a los bienes de la otra Parte de
+conformidad con el ArtiÌ?culo III del GATT de 1994, el que para estos efectos
+se entiende que pasa a ser parte integrante del Tratado. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-
+03(1).
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-03 establece excepciones al trato nacional por parte de
+MeÌ?xico, en virtud de las cuales ese paiÌ?s podraÌ? mantener hasta el 1 de enero
+del anÌ?o 2004 las disposiciones del Decreto para el Fomento y ModernizacioÌ?n
+de la Industria automotriz.
+
+
+
+ 3.- EliminacioÌ?n Arancelaria. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-04 y Anexos 3-04(3) y 3-
+04(4)).
+
+
+ Salvo lo dispuesto en los Anexos 3-04(3) y 3-04(4), las Partes
+eliminaraÌ?n todos los aranceles aduaneros sobre bienes originarios a la
+fecha de entrada en vigor de este Tratado. Asimismo, salvo que se disponga
+otra cosa en el Tratado, ninguna Parte podraÌ? incrementar ninguÌ?n arancel
+aduanero existente, ni adoptar ninguÌ?n arancel nuevo, sobre un bien
+originario.
+
+
+ Por otro lado, se conviene que cada Parte eliminaraÌ? progresivamente
+sus aranceles aduaneros sobre bienes originarios en concordancia con su
+Programa de DesgravacioÌ?n, incorporado en el Anexo 3-04(3).
+
+
+ Ahora bien, no obstante lo senÌ?alado anteriormente, una Parte podraÌ?
+adoptar o mantener aranceles aduaneros de conformidad con sus derechos y
+obligaciones derivados del GATT de 1994, sobre los bienes originarios
+comprendidos en el Anexo 3-04(4), hasta el momento en que se acuerde lo
+contrario entre las Partes conforme a las reglas que se establecen al
+efecto.
+
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-04(3) establece el Programa de DesgravacioÌ?n. Su SeccioÌ?n A
+contiene la Lista de Productos de Chile y, la SeccioÌ?n B, la Lista de
+Productos de MeÌ?xico. Ellas contemplan el cronograma de desgravacioÌ?n para
+las manzanas provenientes de ambos paiÌ?ses, que termina con arancel cero a
+partir del 1 de enero del anÌ?o 2006.
+
+
+ A su turno, el Anexo 3-04(4) contiene las listas de excepciones de
+Chile y de MeÌ?xico, que comprenden 99 y 84 clasificaciones arancelarias,
+respectivamente, todas con reÌ?gimen de libre importacioÌ?n, en el caso de
+Chile, y 18 con reÌ?gimen de permiso previo en el caso de MeÌ?xico. Ambas
+listas senÌ?alan, ademaÌ?s, las diferentes preferencias porcentuales sobre
+arancel de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida, seguÌ?n productos.
+
+
+
+ 4.- AdmisioÌ?n Temporal de Bienes. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-06 y Anexo 3-06).
+
+
+ Cada Parte autorizaraÌ? la admisioÌ?n temporal libre de arancel aduanero,
+incluyendo la exencioÌ?n de la tasa especificada en el Anexo 3-06, del equipo
+profesional necesario para el ejercicio de la actividad, oficio o profesioÌ?n
+de la persona de negocios; del equipo de prensa o para la transmisioÌ?n al
+aire de senÌ?ales de radio o de televisioÌ?n y equipo cinematograÌ?fico; de
+bienes admitidos para propoÌ?sitos deportivos o destinados a exhibicioÌ?n o
+demostracioÌ?n, y de muestras comerciales y peliÌ?culas publicitarias.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 3-06(1)).
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-06 libera los bienes indicados en el ArtiÌ?culo 3-06(1),
+provenientes desde MeÌ?xico, del pago de la tasa establecida en el artiÌ?culo
+139 de la Ordenanza de Aduanas chilena, contenida en el decreto con fuerza
+de ley Nº 30, del Ministerio de Hacienda, publicado en el Diario Oficial
+de fecha 13 de abril de 1983.
+
+
+
+ 5.- ImportacioÌ?n libre de arancel aduanero para algunas muestras
+comerciales y materiales de publicidad impresos. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-07).
+
+
+ Cada Parte autorizaraÌ? la importacioÌ?n libre de arancel aduanero a
+muestras comerciales de valor insignificante y a materiales de publicidad
+impresos, sea cual fuere su origen, si se importan de territorio de la otra
+Parte, pero podraÌ? requerir que tales muestras comerciales se importen soÌ?lo
+para efectos de agenciamiento de pedidos de bienes o servicios de la otra
+Parte o de otro paiÌ?s que no sea Parte, o que los servicios sean
+suministrados desde territorio de la otra Parte o de otro paiÌ?s que no sea
+Parte, o que tales materiales de publicidad impresos se importen en
+paquetes que no contengan maÌ?s de un ejemplar de cada impreso, y que ni los
+materiales ni los paquetes formen parte de una remesa mayor.
+
+
+
+ 6.- Bienes reimportados despueÌ?s de haber sido reparados o alterados.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 3-08).
+
+
+ Ninguna Parte podraÌ? aplicar un arancel aduanero a un bien,
+independientemente de su origen, que sea reimportado a su territorio,
+despueÌ?s de haber sido exportado o haber salido a territorio de la otra
+Parte para ser reparado a alterado, sin importar si dichas reparaciones o
+alteraciones pudieron efectuarse en su territorio.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 7.- Restricciones a la importacioÌ?n y a la exportacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-09
+y Anexo 3-09).
+
+
+ Salvo que se disponga otra cosa en este Tratado, ninguna Parte podraÌ?
+adoptar o mantener ninguna prohibicioÌ?n ni restriccioÌ?n a la importacioÌ?n de
+cualquier bien de la otra Parte o a la exportacioÌ?n o venta para exportacioÌ?n
+de cualquier bien destinado al territorio de la Otra, excepto lo previsto
+en el ArtiÌ?culo XI del GATT de 1994, incluidas sus notas interpretativas,
+los que se incorporan a este Tratado y se declaran ser parte integrante del
+mismo.
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-09 se refiere a las medidas a las importaciones y
+exportaciones que podraÌ?n mantener o adoptar Chile o MeÌ?xico. AsiÌ?, nuestro
+paiÌ?s podraÌ? mantener o adoptar aquellas relativas a la venta interna de la
+produccioÌ?n nacional de cobre y otros metales y las relativas a la
+importacioÌ?n de vehiÌ?culos usados (SeccioÌ?n A).
+
+
+
+ 8.- Derechos de traÌ?mite aduanero. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-10 y Anexo 3-10).
+
+
+ A partir del 30 de junio de 1999, las Partes eliminaraÌ?n todos sus
+derechos de traÌ?mite aduanero existentes para bienes originarios, incluidos
+los establecidos en el Anexo 3-10. A partir de la entrada en vigor de este
+Tratado y hasta el 30 de junio de 1999, ninguna Parte incrementaraÌ? sus
+derechos de traÌ?mite aduanero ni estableceraÌ? nuevos, sobre bienes
+originarios.
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-10 elimina los derechos establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 190 de
+la ley Nº 16.464 y en el artiÌ?culo 62 del decreto supremo 172 (AviacioÌ?n) de
+1974, sobre Reglamento de Tasas AeronaÌ?uticas e Impuestos.
+
+
+
+ 9.- Impuestos a la exportacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-11 y Anexo 3-11).
+
+
+ Salvo lo dispuesto en el Anexo 3-11, ninguna Parte adoptaraÌ? ni
+mantendraÌ? impuesto, gravamen o cargo alguno sobre la exportacioÌ?n de bienes
+a territorio de la Otra, a menos que eÌ?ste se adopte o mantenga sobre dicho
+bien, cuando esteÌ? destinado al consumo interno.
+
+
+ El Anexo 3-11 permite a MeÌ?xico mantener o adoptar impuestos,
+gravaÌ?menes u otros cargos sobre la exportacioÌ?n de determinados bienes
+alimenticios baÌ?sicos, sobre sus ingredientes o sobre los bienes de los
+cuales dichos productos alimenticios se derivan, si los impuestos,
+gravaÌ?menes o cargos se utilizan en programas internos de asistencia
+alimentaria, para asegurar la disponibilidad de cantidades suficientes del
+bien alimenticio para los consumidores nacionales, para una industria
+procesadora nacional o para mantener los precios internos bajo el nivel del
+precio mundial, siempre que no tengan efectos proteccionistas de la
+industria nacional o se mantengan soÌ?lo por el tiempo necesario para
+desarrollar integralmente un plan de estabilizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ 10.- Subsidios a la exportacioÌ?n sobre bienes agropecuarios. (ArtiÌ?culo
+3-13).
+
+
+ Las Partes declaran compartir el objetivo de lograr la eliminacioÌ?n
+multilateral de los subsidios a la exportacioÌ?n sobre bienes agropecuarios.
+En este sentido, cooperaraÌ?n en el esfuerzo para lograr un acuerdo en el
+marco del Acuerdo sobre la OMC.
+
+
+ Ninguna Parte podraÌ? mantener o introducir subsidios a la exportacioÌ?n
+sobre bienes agropecuarios en su comercio reciÌ?proco a partir del 1 de enero
+del anÌ?o 2003. Asimismo, a partir de esta fecha, las Partes renuncian a los
+derechos que el GATT de 1994 les confiera para utilizar subsidios a la
+exportacioÌ?n y a los derechos respecto al uso de estos subsidios que
+pudieran resultar de negociaciones multilaterales de comercio agropecuario
+en el marco del Acuerdo sobre la OMC, en su comercio reciÌ?proco.
+
+
+ Hasta el 1 de enero del anÌ?o 2003, si una Parte introduce, reintroduce
+o incrementa el nivel de un subsidio a la exportacioÌ?n de un bien
+agropecuario, la otra Parte podraÌ? incrementar el arancel aplicable a dichas
+exportaciones hasta el nivel del arancel aduanero de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida.
+
+
+
+ 11.- Apoyos internos. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-14).
+
+
+ En lo que se refiere a apoyos internos sobre bienes agropecuarios,
+las Partes se sujetaraÌ?n a lo establecido en el Acuerdo sobre la
+Agricultura, que forma parte del Acuerdo sobre la OMC.
+
+
+
+ 12.- Sector Automotor. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-15 y Anexo 3-15).
+
+
+ Para el comercio de vehiÌ?culos automotores, las Partes se sujetaraÌ?n a
+lo dispuesto en el Anexo 3-15.
+
+
+ A su turno, por el referido Anexo 3-15, MeÌ?xico contrae el compromiso
+de permitir la importacioÌ?n, libres de arancel aduanero, de 5.000 vehiÌ?culos
+provenientes desde Chile, y nuestro paiÌ?s se compromete a permitir que una
+cantidad anual de unidades que no supere el 50% de las importadas desde
+MeÌ?xico el anÌ?o anterior, se importe libre de arancel aduanero.
+
+
+
+ 13.- ComiteÌ? de Comercio de Bienes. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-16).
+
+
+ Las Partes establecen el citado ComiteÌ?, que se reuniraÌ? a peticioÌ?n de
+cualquiera de ellas o de la ComisioÌ?n para vigilar la implementacioÌ?n de este
+CapiÌ?tulo 3, el CapiÌ?tulo 4 (Reglas de Origen), el CapiÌ?tulo 5 (Procedimientos
+Aduaneros), y las Reglamentaciones Uniformes.
+
+
+
+ 14.- Suministro de informacioÌ?n y consultas. (ArtiÌ?culo 3-17).
+
+
+ A solicitud de la Otra, una Parte proporcionaraÌ? informacioÌ?n y daraÌ?
+pronta respuesta a las preguntas relativas a cualquier medida vigente o en
+proyecto que pudieran tener relacioÌ?n con la aplicacioÌ?n de este CapiÌ?tulo.
+
+
+ Si durante la ejecucioÌ?n del Tratado, una Parte considera que una
+medida vigente de la otra Parte afecta a la aplicacioÌ?n efectiva de este
+CapiÌ?tulo, esa Parte podraÌ? someter el asunto a conocimiento del ComiteÌ?.
+
+
+
+ II.- CapiÌ?tulo 4. Reglas de Origen.
+
+
+ 1.- Bienes Originarios. (ArtiÌ?culo 4-03 y Anexo 4-03).
+
+
+ Salvo que se disponga otra cosa en este CapiÌ?tulo, un bien seraÌ?
+originario del territorio de una o ambas Partes, entre otros casos, cuando:
+
+
+ a) sea obtenido en su totalidad o producido enteramente en territorio
+de una o ambas Partes, seguÌ?n la definicioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 4-01;
+
+
+ b) sea producido en el territorio de una o ambas Partes a partir
+exclusivamente de materiales que califican como originarios de conformidad
+con este CapiÌ?tulo;
+
+
+ c) sea producido en el territorio de una o ambas Partes a partir de
+materiales no originarios que cumplan con un cambio de clasificacioÌ?n
+arancelaria y otros requisitos, seguÌ?n se especifica en el Anexo 4-03, y el
+bien cumpla con las demaÌ?s disposiciones aplicables de este CapiÌ?tulo;
+
+
+ d) sea producido en el territorio de una o ambas Partes a partir de
+materiales no originarios que cumplan con un cambio de clasificacioÌ?n
+arancelaria y otros requisitos, y el bien cumpla con un valor de contenido
+regional, seguÌ?n se especifica en el Anexo 4-03, y con las demaÌ?s
+disposiciones aplicables de este CapiÌ?tulo, y
+
+
+ e) sea producido en el territorio de una o ambas Partes y cumpla con
+un valor de contenido regional, seguÌ?n se especifica en el Anexo 4-03, y
+cumpla con las demaÌ?s disposiciones aplicables de este CapiÌ?tulo.
+
+
+ Quedan excluidos de esta definicioÌ?n ciertos bienes comprendidos en
+los CapiÌ?tulos 61 al 63 del Sistema Armonizado.
+
+
+ Para efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, la produccioÌ?n de un bien a partir de
+materiales no originarios que cumplan con un cambio de clasificacioÌ?n
+arancelaria y otros requisitos, seguÌ?n se especifica en el Anexo 4-03,
+deberaÌ? hacerse en su totalidad en territorio de una o ambas Partes, y todo
+valor de contenido regional de un bien deberaÌ? satisfacerse en su totalidad
+en el territorio de una o ambas Partes.
+
+
+ Por su lado, el Anexo 4-03 contiene las Reglas de Origen EspeciÌ?ficas
+y las nuevas fracciones arancelarias.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Valor de contenido regional. (ArtiÌ?culo 4-04).
+
+
+ Se contiene la normativa que permitiraÌ? calcular el valor de contenido
+regional de un bien.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Operaciones y praÌ?cticas que no confieren origen. (ArtiÌ?culo 4-16).
+
+
+ Establece los casos en que un bien no se consideraraÌ? como originario.
+
+
+
+ III.- CapiÌ?tulo 5. Procedimientos Aduaneros.
+
+
+ 1.- DeclaracioÌ?n y certificacioÌ?n de origen. (ArtiÌ?culo 5-02).
+
+
+ Para efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, las Partes elaboraraÌ?n un formato uÌ?nico
+para el certificado de origen y otro para la declaracioÌ?n de origen.
+
+
+ El certificado de origen serviraÌ? para certificar que un bien que se
+exporte de territorio de una Parte al territorio de la Otra, califica como
+originario. El certificado tendraÌ? una vigencia de hasta dos anÌ?os, a partir
+de la fecha de su firma.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Obligaciones respecto a las importaciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 5-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte requeriraÌ? al importador que solicite trato arancelario
+preferencial para un bien importado a su territorio del territorio de la
+otra Parte, que declare por escrito que el bien califica como originario;
+que tenga el certificado de origen en su poder al momento de hacer esa
+declaracioÌ?n; que proporcione copia del certificado de origen cuando lo
+solicite su autoridad aduanera, y que presente una declaracioÌ?n corregida y
+pague los aranceles aduaneros correspondientes, cuando tenga motivos para
+creer que el certificado de origen en que se sustenta su declaracioÌ?n de
+importacioÌ?n, contiene informacioÌ?n incorrecta.
+
+
+ Cada Parte dispondraÌ? que cuando un importador en su territorio no
+cumpla con cualquiera de los requisitos establecidos en este CapiÌ?tulo, se
+negaraÌ? el trato arancelario preferencial solicitado para el bien importado
+del territorio de la otra Parte.
+
+
+ 3.- Obligaciones respecto a las exportaciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 5-04).
+
+
+ Cada Parte dispondraÌ? que su exportador o productor, que haya llenado
+y firmado un certificado o una declaracioÌ?n de origen, entregue copia del
+certificado o declaracioÌ?n a su autoridad aduanera cuando eÌ?sta lo solicite.
+
+
+
+ 4.- Excepciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 5-05).
+
+
+ Las Partes no requeriraÌ?n el certificado de origen en las
+importaciones comerciales o no comerciales, por valores que no excedan la
+cantidad de mil doÌ?lares estadounidenses o su equivalente en la moneda de la
+Parte o una cantidad mayor que eÌ?sta establezca, a condicioÌ?n de que la
+importacioÌ?n no forme parte de una serie de importaciones que se efectuÌ?en o
+pretendan efectuar con el propoÌ?sito de evadir los requisitos de
+certificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Confidencialidad. (ArtiÌ?culo 5-08).
+
+
+ Cada Parte mantendraÌ?, de conformidad con lo establecido en su
+legislacioÌ?n, la confidencialidad de la informacioÌ?n que tenga tal caraÌ?cter
+obtenida conforme a este CapiÌ?tulo y la protegeraÌ? de toda divulgacioÌ?n que
+pudiera perjudicar a la persona que la proporcione.
+
+
+
+ 6.- SubcomiteÌ? de Aduanas. (ArtiÌ?culo 5-14).
+
+
+ Se contempla un SubcomiteÌ? de Aduanas, con el objeto de procurar
+llegar a acuerdos sobre los asuntos que se indican; proponer al ComiteÌ? de
+Comercio de Bienes las modificaciones o adiciones a las materias que se
+detallan, y examinar las propuestas de modificaciones administrativas u
+operativas en aspectos aduaneros que puedan afectar el flujo comercial
+entre los territorios de las Partes.
+
+
+
+ IV.- CapiÌ?tulo 6. Medidas de Salvaguardia.
+
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 6-01 y Anexo 6-01).
+
+
+ Se definen, para los efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, expresiones tales como
+"Acuerdo sobre Salvaguardias", "circunstancias graves", "danÌ?o grave,
+amenaza del mismo y relacioÌ?n causal", "medida de salvaguardia", "periÌ?odo de
+transicioÌ?n", "rama de produccioÌ?n nacional", etc.
+
+
+ El Anexo 6-01 determina que, para los efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, la
+autoridad investigadora competente seraÌ?, en el caso de Chile, la ComisioÌ?n
+Nacional Encargada de Investigar la Existencia de Distorsiones en el Precio
+de las MercaderiÌ?as Importadas, y, en el caso de MeÌ?xico, la SecretariÌ?a de
+Comercio y Fomento Industrial.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Medidas bilaterales de salvaguardia. (ArtiÌ?culo 6-02).
+
+
+ Durante el periÌ?odo de transicioÌ?n, si como resultado de la reduccioÌ?n o
+eliminacioÌ?n de un arancel aduanero establecida en este Tratado, un bien
+originario del territorio de una Parte se importa al territorio de la otra
+Parte en cantidades tan elevadas, en relacioÌ?n a la produccioÌ?n nacional y
+bajo condiciones tales que las importaciones de ese bien de esa Parte por
+siÌ? solas constituyan una causa sustancial de danÌ?o grave, o una amenaza del
+mismo a la rama de produccioÌ?n nacional que produzca un bien similar o
+competidor directo, la Parte hacia cuyo territorio se esteÌ? importando el
+bien podraÌ?, en la medida miÌ?nima necesaria para remediar o prevenir el danÌ?o
+grave o amenaza del mismo, suspender la reduccioÌ?n futura de cualquier tasa
+arancelaria establecida en este Tratado para el bien o aumentar la tasa
+arancelaria para el mismo a un nivel que no exceda el menor del arancel
+aduanero de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida aplicado en el momento en que se adopte
+la medida, y del arancel aduanero de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida aplicado el diÌ?a
+anterior a la entrada en vigor de este Tratado.
+
+
+ Ninguna medida de salvaguardia se podraÌ? mantener por maÌ?s de un anÌ?o,
+ni con posterioridad a la terminacioÌ?n del periÌ?odo de transicioÌ?n, salvo que
+se cuente con el consentimiento de la Parte contra cuyo bien se haya
+adoptado la medida.
+
+
+ La Parte que aplique una medida de conformidad con este artiÌ?culo
+proporcionaraÌ? a la otra Parte una compensacioÌ?n mutuamente acordada de
+liberalizacioÌ?n comercial, en forma de concesiones que tengan efectos
+comerciales sustancialmente equivalentes o que sean equivalentes al valor
+de los aranceles adicionales que se esperen de la medida.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Medidas globales de salvaguardia. (ArtiÌ?culo 6-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte conserva sus derechos y obligaciones conforme al ArtiÌ?culo
+XIX del GATT de 1994 y el Acuerdo sobre Salvaguardias, excepto los
+referentes a compensacioÌ?n o represalia y exclusioÌ?n de una medida, en cuanto
+sean incompatibles con las disposiciones de este artiÌ?culo. Cualquier Parte
+que aplique una medida de salvaguardia conforme al ArtiÌ?culo XIX del GATT de
+1994 y el Acuerdo sobre Salvaguardias excluiraÌ? de la medida las
+importaciones de bienes de la otra Parte, a menos que las importaciones de
+la Otra representen una participacioÌ?n sustancial en las importaciones
+totales y contribuyan de manera importante al danÌ?o grave o amenaza del
+mismo causado por las importaciones totales.
+
+
+
+ 4.- AdministracioÌ?n de los procedimientos relativos a medidas de
+salvaguardia. (ArtiÌ?culo 6-04 y Anexo 6-04).
+
+
+ Cada Parte aseguraraÌ? la aplicacioÌ?n uniforme, imparcial y razonable de
+sus leyes, reglamentaciones, resoluciones y determinaciones que rijan todos
+los procedimientos para la adopcioÌ?n de medidas de salvaguardia.
+
+
+ El Anexo 6-04, regula los requisitos de los procedimientos relativos
+a medidas de salvaguardia.
+
+
+
+ 5.- SolucioÌ?n de controversias en materia de medidas de salvaguardia.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 6-05).
+
+
+ Ninguna Parte podraÌ? solicitar la integracioÌ?n de un grupo arbitral, de
+conformidad con lo dispuesto en el ArtiÌ?culo 18-06 (Solicitud de integracioÌ?n
+del grupo arbitral), cuando se trate de medidas de salvaguardia que hayan
+sido meramente propuestas.
+
+
+
+ D.- TERCERA PARTE. NORMAS TECNICAS. (CapiÌ?tulos 7, con un Anexo, y 8,
+con tres Anexos).
+
+
+ La Tercera Parte, que se refiere a las Normas TeÌ?cnicas, incluye el
+CapiÌ?tulo 7, sobre Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias, y el CapiÌ?tulo 8, que
+trata de las Medidas relativas a la NormalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ I.- CapiÌ?tulo 7. Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias.
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-01).
+
+
+ Las Partes, para efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, aplicaraÌ?n las definiciones
+y teÌ?rminos establecidos en el Acuerdo sobre la AplicacioÌ?n de Medidas
+Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias, que forma parte del Acuerdo sobre la OMC
+(Acuerdo sobre Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias); por la Oficina
+Internacional de Epizootias (OIE); en la ConvencioÌ?n Internacional de
+ProteccioÌ?n Fitosanitaria, y por la ComisioÌ?n del Codex Alimentarius.
+
+
+ 2.- Disposiciones Generales. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-02 y Anexo 7-02).
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo se refiere a los principios, normas y procedimientos
+relacionados con las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias que regulan o
+pueden afectar directa e indirectamente el comercio agropecuario, pesquero
+y forestal entre las Partes, y de otros intercambios de animales y
+vegetales asiÌ? como de sus productos y subproductos.
+
+
+ Las Partes facilitaraÌ?n, a traveÌ?s de la cooperacioÌ?n mutua, el comercio
+agropecuario, pesquero y forestal sin que presente un riesgo sanitario o
+fitosanitario, y se comprometen a prevenir la introduccioÌ?n o diseminacioÌ?n
+de plagas o enfermedades y mejorar la sanidad vegetal, la salud animal y la
+inocuidad de los alimentos.
+
+
+ Se consideraraÌ?n autoridades competentes a las que ostenten la
+responsabilidad legal de garantizar el cumplimiento de las exigencias
+sanitarias y fitosanitarias establecidas en este CapiÌ?tulo.
+
+
+ El Anexo 7-02, a su turno, deja sin efecto el Documento de Apoyo
+Protocolario, suscrito el 8 de marzo de 1991, entre el Servicio AgriÌ?cola y
+Ganadero del Ministerio de Agricultura de Chile y la DireccioÌ?n General de
+Sanidad Vegetal de la SecretariÌ?a de Agricultura y Recursos HidraÌ?ulicos de
+MeÌ?xico, para el Intercambio Comercial de Frutas y Hortalizas sobre Bases
+Fitosanitarias.
+
+
+ 3.- Derechos de las Partes. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-03).
+
+
+ Faculta a las Partes para adoptar, mantener o aplicar cualquier
+medida sanitaria o fitosanitaria en su territorio soÌ?lo cuando sean
+necesarias para la proteccioÌ?n de la vida o la salud humana, animal o
+vegetal, de conformidad con este CapiÌ?tulo; poner en praÌ?ctica dichas medidas
+soÌ?lo en el grado necesario para alcanzar su nivel apropiado de proteccioÌ?n,
+tomando en cuenta la factibilidad teÌ?cnica y econoÌ?mica, y verificar que los
+vegetales, animales y sus productos de exportacioÌ?n se encuentren sujetos a
+un riguroso seguimiento sanitario y fitosanitario, certificando el
+cumplimiento de los requisitos de la Parte importadora.
+
+
+ 4.- Obligaciones de las Partes. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-04).
+
+
+ Las medidas sanitarias o fitosanitarias no constituiraÌ?n una
+restriccioÌ?n encubierta al comercio, ni tendraÌ?n por objeto o efecto crear
+obstaÌ?culos innecesarios al mismo entre las Partes. AdemaÌ?s, estaraÌ?n basadas
+en principios cientiÌ?ficos, se mantendraÌ?n soÌ?lo cuando existan fundamentos
+que las sustenten, y se basaraÌ?n en una evaluacioÌ?n de riesgo apropiada.
+
+
+ Cuando existan condiciones ideÌ?nticas o similares, una medida
+sanitaria o fitosanitaria no discriminaraÌ? arbitraria o injustificadamente
+entre sus bienes y los similares de la otra Parte, o entre bienes de la
+otra Parte y bienes similares de un paiÌ?s no Parte.
+
+
+ Chile y MeÌ?xico otorgaraÌ?n las facilidades necesarias para la
+verificacioÌ?n de los controles, inspecciones, aprobaciones y programas de
+caraÌ?cter sanitario y fitosanitario.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Normas internacionales y armonizacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-05).
+
+
+ Cada Parte utilizaraÌ? las normas, directrices o recomendaciones
+internacionales como base para sus medidas sanitarias o fitosanitarias, con
+el fin de armonizarlas o hacerlas compatibles con las de la otra Parte.
+
+
+
+ 6.- Reconocimiento de zonas libres y de zonas de escasa prevalencia
+de plagas o enfermedades. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-08).
+
+
+ Las Partes reconoceraÌ?n zonas libres de plagas o enfermedades y zonas
+de escasa prevalencia de plagas o de enfermedades, considerando, entre los
+principales factores, la situacioÌ?n geograÌ?fica, los ecosistemas, la
+vigilancia epidemioloÌ?gica y la eficacia de los controles sanitarios o
+fitosanitarios en esa zona.
+
+
+
+ 7.- Procedimientos de control, inspeccioÌ?n y aprobacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo
+7-09).
+
+
+ Las Partes, de conformidad con este CapiÌ?tulo, aplicaraÌ?n las
+disposiciones contenidas en el Anexo C del Acuerdo sobre Medidas Sanitarias
+y Fitosanitarias, en lo que se refiere a los procedimientos aludidos, con
+inclusioÌ?n de los sistemas de aprobacioÌ?n del uso de aditivos o de
+establecimiento de tolerancias de contaminantes en los productos
+alimenticios, en las bebidas o en los forrajes.
+
+
+
+ 8.- ComiteÌ? de Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias. (ArtiÌ?culo 7-11).
+
+
+ Se crea el ComiteÌ? de Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias, integrado
+por representantes de cada una de las Partes, el que tendraÌ? las funciones
+que se especifican.
+
+
+
+ II. CapiÌ?tulo 8. Medidas relativas a la normalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-01 y Anexo 8-01).
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala el sentido y alcance que debe darse, para los efectos de este
+CapiÌ?tulo, a diversas expresiones, tales como "evaluacioÌ?n de riesgo",
+"medidas relativas a la normalizacioÌ?n", "objetivo legiÌ?timo", "procedimiento
+de evaluacioÌ?n de la conformidad" y "servicios".
+
+
+ Por "servicios" se entiende cualquiera de los sectores o subsectores
+de servicios transfronterizos establecidos en el Anexo 8-01.
+
+
+ El referido Anexo 8-01 indica que los sectores o subsectores de
+servicios sujetos a este CapiÌ?tulo son los servicios de informaÌ?tica y
+servicios conexos y otros que se establezcan en la forma que se senÌ?ala.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Ambito de aplicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-03).
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo se aplica a las medidas relativas a la normalizacioÌ?n de
+las Partes, asiÌ? como a las medidas relacionadas con ellas, que puedan
+afectar, directa o indirectamente, el comercio de bienes o servicios entre
+las mismas. Sin embargo, no se aplica a las medidas sanitarias y
+fitosanitarias, las que se rigen por el CapiÌ?tulo anterior.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Derechos baÌ?sicos y obligaciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-04).
+
+
+ Cada Parte podraÌ? fijar el nivel de proteccioÌ?n que considere apropiado
+para lograr sus objetivos legiÌ?timos y, asimismo, podraÌ? elaborar, adoptar,
+aplicar y mantener las medidas relativas a la normalizacioÌ?n que permitan
+garantizar el logro de sus objetivos legiÌ?timos, asiÌ? como las medidas que
+garanticen la aplicacioÌ?n y cumplimiento de esas medidas de normalizacioÌ?n,
+incluyendo los procedimientos de autorizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Con relacioÌ?n a las normas y los reglamentos teÌ?cnicos, cada Parte
+otorgaraÌ? a los bienes y proveedores de servicios de la otra Parte, trato
+nacional y trato no menos favorable que el otorgado a bienes similares y a
+proveedores de servicios similares de cualquier otro paiÌ?s no Parte.
+
+
+
+ 4.- EvaluacioÌ?n de riesgo. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-06).
+
+
+ En la buÌ?squeda de sus objetivos legiÌ?timos, cada Parte llevaraÌ? a cabo
+evaluaciones de riesgo.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Procedimientos de evaluacioÌ?n de la conformidad. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-07).
+
+
+ Estos procedimientos se elaboraraÌ?n, adoptaraÌ?n y aplicaraÌ?n de manera
+que se conceda acceso a los bienes o proveedores de servicios similares del
+territorio de la otra Parte en condiciones no menos favorables que las
+otorgadas a los bienes o proveedores de servicios similares de la Parte o
+de un paiÌ?s no Parte en una situacioÌ?n comparable.
+
+
+
+ 6.- NotificacioÌ?n, publicacioÌ?n y transparencia. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-09 y
+Anexo 8-09).
+
+
+ El Anexo 8-09 senÌ?ala que la autoridad encargada de la notificacioÌ?n,
+en el caso de Chile, seraÌ? el Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, a traveÌ?s del
+Departamento de Comercio Exterior, y, en el caso de MeÌ?xico, la SecretariÌ?a
+de Comercio y Fomento Industrial, a traveÌ?s de la DireccioÌ?n General de
+Normas.
+
+
+
+ 7.- ComiteÌ? de Medidas Relativas a la NormalizacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 8-11 y
+Anexo 8-11).
+
+
+ Se crea el citado ComiteÌ?, integrado por representantes de cada una de
+las Partes, con las funciones que se detallan.
+
+
+ El Anexo 8-11 precisa que el ComiteÌ? estaraÌ? integrado, en el caso de
+Chile, por el Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, a traveÌ?s del Departamento de Comercio
+Exterior.
+
+
+
+ E.- CUARTA PARTE. INVERSION, SERVICIOS Y ASUNTOS RELACIONADOS.
+(CapiÌ?tulos 9, con 5 Anexos; 10, con 1 Anexo; 11, con 1 Anexo; 12, con 2
+Anexos; 13, con 1 Anexo y 3 ApeÌ?ndices, y 14, con 1 Anexo).
+
+
+
+ Esta Parte incluye el CapiÌ?tulo 9, InversioÌ?n; el CapiÌ?tulo 10, Comercio
+Transfronterizo de Servicios; el CapiÌ?tulo 11, Servicios de Transporte
+AeÌ?reo; el CapiÌ?tulo 12, Telecomunicaciones; el CapiÌ?tulo 13, Entrada Temporal
+de Personas de Negocios, y el CapiÌ?tulo 14, PoliÌ?tica en Materia de
+Competencia, Monopolios y Empresas del Estado.
+
+
+
+ I. CapiÌ?tulo 9. InversioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 1.- Ambito de aplicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-02).
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo se aplica a las medidas que adopte o mantenga una Parte
+relativas a los inversionistas de la otra Parte; las inversiones de
+inversionistas de la otra Parte realizadas en territorio de la Parte, y
+todas las inversiones en el territorio de la Parte, conforme a lo
+establecido en los artiÌ?culos 9-07 y 9-15.
+
+
+ Se aplica tanto a las inversiones existentes a la fecha de entrada en
+vigor de este Tratado, como a las inversiones hechas o adquiridas con
+posterioridad.
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo no se aplica a las medidas que adopte o mantenga una
+Parte en relacioÌ?n a inversionistas de la otra Parte e inversiones de tales
+inversionistas en instituciones financieras en el territorio de la Parte.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Trato nacional. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los inversionistas de la otra Parte y a sus
+inversiones un trato no menos favorable que el que otorgue, en
+circunstancias similares, a sus propios inversionistas y a sus inversiones
+en lo referente al establecimiento, adquisicioÌ?n, expansioÌ?n, administracioÌ?n,
+conduccioÌ?n, operacioÌ?n, venta u otra disposicioÌ?n de las inversiones.
+
+
+ Para mayor certeza, ninguna Parte podraÌ? imponer a un inversionista de
+la otra Parte el requisito de que un nivel miÌ?nimo de participacioÌ?n
+accionaria en una empresa establecida en territorio de la Parte, esteÌ? en
+manos de sus nacionales, salvo que se trate de un cierto nuÌ?mero de acciones
+exigidas para directivos o miembros fundadores de sociedades, ni requerir
+que un inversionista de la otra Parte, por razoÌ?n de su nacionalidad, venda
+o disponga de cualquier otra manera de una inversioÌ?n en el territorio de
+una Parte.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-04).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los inversionistas de la Otra y a sus
+inversiones, un trato no menos favorable que el que otorgue, en
+circunstancias similares, a los inversionistas de un paiÌ?s no Parte y a sus
+inversiones, en lo referente al establecimiento, adquisicioÌ?n, expansioÌ?n,
+administracioÌ?n, conduccioÌ?n, operacioÌ?n, venta u otra disposicioÌ?n de
+inversiones.
+
+
+
+ 4.- Nivel de trato. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-05).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los inversionistas de la otra Parte y a sus
+inversiones, el mejor de los tratos requeridos por los artiÌ?culos 9-03 y 9-
+04.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Nivel miÌ?nimo de trato. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-06).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a las inversiones de los inversionistas de la
+otra Parte, trato acorde con el derecho internacional, incluido trato justo
+y equitativo, asiÌ? como proteccioÌ?n y seguridad plenas.
+
+
+ No obstante lo anterior, cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los inversionistas de
+la otra Parte y a las inversiones de inversionistas de la otra Parte, cuyas
+inversiones sufran peÌ?rdidas en su territorio debidas a conflictos armados o
+contiendas civiles, trato no discriminatorio respecto de cualquier medida
+que adopte o mantenga en relacioÌ?n con esas peÌ?rdidas.
+
+
+
+ 6.- Altos ejecutivos y directorios o consejos de administracioÌ?n.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 9-08).
+
+
+ Ninguna Parte podraÌ? exigir que una empresa de esa Parte, que sea una
+inversioÌ?n de un inversionista de la otra Parte, designe a individuos de
+alguna nacionalidad en particular para ocupar puestos de alta direccioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ 7.- Transferencias. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-10 y Anexo 9-10).
+
+
+ Salvo lo previsto en el Anexo 9-10, cada Parte permitiraÌ? que todas
+las transferencias relacionadas con una inversioÌ?n de un inversionista de la
+otra Parte en el territorio de la Parte, se hagan libremente y sin demora.
+Dichas transferencias incluyen ganancias, dividendos, intereses, ganancias
+de capital, pagos por regaliÌ?as, gastos por administracioÌ?n, asistencia
+teÌ?cnica y otros cargos, ganancias en especie y otros montos derivados de la
+inversioÌ?n, productos derivados de la venta o liquidacioÌ?n, total o parcial,
+de la inversioÌ?n, etceÌ?tera.
+
+
+ En lo referente a las transacciones al contado (spot) de la divisa
+que vaya a transferirse, cada Parte permitiraÌ? que las transferencias se
+realicen en divisa de libre uso al tipo de cambio vigente en el mercado en
+la fecha de la transferencia. No obstante lo anterior, una Parte podraÌ?
+impedir la realizacioÌ?n de una transferencia, por medio de la aplicacioÌ?n
+equitativa, no discriminatoria y de buena fe de sus leyes en caso de
+quiebra, insolvencia o proteccioÌ?n de los derechos de los acreedores;
+emisioÌ?n, comercio y operaciones de valores; infracciones penales; informes
+de transferencias de divisas u otros instrumentos monetarios, o garantiÌ?a
+del cumplimiento de fallos en procedimientos contenciosos.
+
+
+ En lo que dice relacioÌ?n con estas normas, nuestro paiÌ?s formuloÌ?
+algunas reservas con el propoÌ?sito de preservar la estabilidad de su moneda.
+ Estas reservas, que se encuentran contenidas en el Anexo 9-10, son las
+siguientes:
+
+
+ a) El derecho a mantener los requisitos existentes de que las
+transferencias desde Chile del producto de la venta de todo o parte de una
+inversioÌ?n de un inversionista de MeÌ?xico o de la liquidacioÌ?n parcial o total
+de la inversioÌ?n no podraÌ?n realizarse hasta que haya transcurrido un plazo
+que no exceda de cinco anÌ?os, en el caso de una inversioÌ?n hecha conforme a
+la ley Nº 18.657, sobre Fondo de InversioÌ?n de Capitales Extranjeros; o de
+un anÌ?o, en todos los demaÌ?s casos, contado en ambas situaciones desde la
+fecha de transferencia a Chile.
+
+
+ b) El derecho a aplicar la exigencia de mantener un encaje, de
+conformidad con el artiÌ?culo 49, Nº 2, de la ley Nº 18.840, Ley OrgaÌ?nica del
+Banco Central de Chile, a una inversioÌ?n de un inversionista de MeÌ?xico que
+no sea inversioÌ?n extranjera directa y a creÌ?ditos extranjeros relacionados
+con una inversioÌ?n, siempre que tal exigencia de mantener un encaje no
+exceda el 30% del monto de la inversioÌ?n o el creÌ?dito, seguÌ?n sea el caso.
+
+
+ c) El derecho de adoptar:
+
+
+ i- medidas que impongan una exigencia de mantener un encaje a que se
+refiere la letra b), por un periÌ?odo que no exceda de dos anÌ?os desde la
+fecha de transferencia a Chile;
+
+
+ ii- cualquier medida razonable necesaria para implementar o evitar la
+elusioÌ?n de las tomadas de acuerdo a las letras a) o b), y
+
+
+ iii- medidas que establezcan en el futuro programas especiales de
+inversioÌ?n, de caraÌ?cter voluntario, adicionales al reÌ?gimen general para la
+inversioÌ?n extranjera en Chile, con la excepcioÌ?n de que cualquiera de dichas
+medidas podraÌ? restringir la transferencia desde Chile del producto de la
+venta de todo o parte de la inversioÌ?n de un inversionista de MeÌ?xico o de la
+liquidacioÌ?n total o parcial de la inversioÌ?n por un periÌ?odo que no exceda de
+cinco anÌ?os a partir de la fecha de transferencia a Chile.
+
+
+ d) El derecho de aplicar, de conformidad con la ley Nº 18.840,
+medidas con respecto a transferencias relativas a la inversioÌ?n de un
+inversionista de MeÌ?xico que requieran que las operaciones de cambios
+internacionales para dichas transferencias se realicen en el Mercado
+Cambiario Formal, o requieran autorizacioÌ?n para acceder al Mercado
+Cambiario Formal para adquirir monedas extranjeras, al tipo de cambio
+acordado por las partes involucradas en la operacioÌ?n, o que las monedas
+extranjeras sean convertidas a pesos chilenos.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, en el paÌ?rrafo 5 del Anexo 9-10, se consigna que este
+Anexo se aplica a la ley Nº 18.840; al decreto ley Nº 600, de 1974; a la
+ley Nº 18.657 y a cualquier otra ley que establezca en el futuro un
+programa especial de inversioÌ?n, con caraÌ?cter voluntario, y a la reforma de
+tales leyes, en la medida que tal reforma no disminuya la conformidad entre
+la ley reformada y el artiÌ?culo 9-10(1), tal como existiÌ?a inmediatamente
+antes de la reforma.
+
+
+ Finalmente, debe tenerse presente que las reservas a que se refieren
+las letras b) y c)(i) del nuÌ?mero 2 del Anexo 9-10, producen efectos
+modificatorios de alcances relativos en los artiÌ?culos 49, Nº 2, y 50, de la
+ley Nº 18.840, OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional del Banco Central de Chile, ya que,
+por una parte, fijan en un 30% el monto maÌ?ximo del encaje exigible respecto
+de las inversiones mexicanas, en circunstancias que el primero de dichos
+artiÌ?culos permite al Banco Central elevarlo hasta el 40% y, por otra,
+permiten que dicho encaje se mantenga soÌ?lo por dos anÌ?os. Por tales
+razones, el Tratado en informe debe ser aprobado con el quoÌ?rum
+constitucional correspondiente.
+
+
+
+ 8.- ExpropiacioÌ?n e indemnizacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-11).
+
+
+ Su paÌ?rrafo 1 establece que ninguna Parte podraÌ? nacionalizar ni
+expropiar, directa o indirectamente, una inversioÌ?n de un inversionista de
+la otra Parte en su territorio, ni adoptar ninguna medida equivalente a la
+expropiacioÌ?n o nacionalizacioÌ?n de esa inversioÌ?n (expropiacioÌ?n), salvo que
+sea por causa de utilidad puÌ?blica; sobre bases no discriminatorias; con
+apego al principio de legalidad y al artiÌ?culo 9-06(1), y mediante
+indemnizacioÌ?n conforme a los paÌ?rrafos 2 a 6.
+
+
+
+ 9.- DenegacioÌ?n de beneficios. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-14).
+
+
+ Una Parte podraÌ? denegar los beneficios de este CapiÌ?tulo a un
+inversionista de la otra Parte que sea una empresa de esa Parte y a las
+inversiones de dicho inversionista, si dicha empresa es propiedad de o estaÌ?
+controlada por inversionistas de un paiÌ?s no Parte y la Parte que deniegue
+los beneficios no mantiene relaciones diplomaÌ?ticas con el paiÌ?s no Parte, o
+la Parte que deniegue los beneficios adopta o mantiene medidas en relacioÌ?n
+con el paiÌ?s no Parte, que prohiben transacciones con esa empresa o que
+seriÌ?an violadas o eludidas si los beneficios de este CapiÌ?tulo se otorgan a
+esa empresa o a sus inversiones.
+
+
+ 10.- Medidas relativas al ambiente. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-15).
+
+
+ Nada de lo dispuesto en este CapiÌ?tulo se interpretaraÌ? como
+impedimento para que una Parte adopte, mantenga o ponga en ejecucioÌ?n
+cualquier medida, por lo demaÌ?s compatible con este CapiÌ?tulo, que considere
+apropiada para asegurar que las actividades de inversioÌ?n en su territorio
+se efectuÌ?en tomando en cuenta consideraciones en materia ambiental.
+
+
+
+ 11.- SolucioÌ?n de controversias entre una Parte y un inversionista de
+la otra Parte. (ArtiÌ?culos 9-16 a 9-39 y Anexos 9-38(2), 9-38(4) y 9-39).
+
+
+ El objetivo de los mecanismos que se establecen para la solucioÌ?n de
+controversias en materia de inversioÌ?n es asegurar, tanto un trato igual
+entre inversionistas de las Partes de acuerdo con el principio de
+reciprocidad internacional, como un debido proceso legal ante un tribunal
+imparcial. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-16).
+
+
+ Un inversionista de una Parte podraÌ?, por cuenta propia o en
+representacioÌ?n de una empresa, someter a arbitraje una reclamacioÌ?n, fundado
+en que la otra Parte o una de las empresas del Estado respectivo ha violado
+una obligacioÌ?n establecida en el reÌ?gimen de proteccioÌ?n de las inversiones o
+cuando una actividad productiva o servicio monopolizado actuÌ?a de manera
+incompatible con las normas de dicho reÌ?gimen y el inversionista o la
+empresa han sufrido peÌ?rdidas o danÌ?os en virtud de esa violacioÌ?n o a
+consecuencia de ella. (ArtiÌ?culos 9-17 y 9-18).
+
+
+ No obstante, se dispone que las partes contendientes intentaraÌ?n
+primero dirimir la controversia por viÌ?a de consulta o negociacioÌ?n.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 9-19).
+
+
+ Ahora bien, siempre que hayan transcurrido seis meses desde que
+tuvieron lugar los actos que motivan la reclamacioÌ?n, un inversionista
+contendiente podraÌ? someter la reclamacioÌ?n a arbitraje de acuerdo con:
+
+
+ a) el Convenio del CIADI, siempre que tanto la Parte contendiente
+como la Parte del inversionista, sean Estados parte del mismo;
+
+
+ b) las Reglas del Mecanismo Complementario del CIADI, cuando la Parte
+contendiente o la Parte del inversionista, pero no ambas, sea Parte del
+Convenio del CIADI, o
+
+
+ c) las Reglas de Arbitraje de la CNUDMI. (ArtiÌ?culo 9-21).
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 9-38 y 9-39 se refieren a "Disposiciones Generales" y
+"Exclusiones", respectivamente.
+
+
+ El Anexo 9-38(2) dice relacioÌ?n con el lugar para la entrega de
+notificaciones y otros documentos, mientras que el Anexo 9-38(4), con la
+publicacioÌ?n de laudos.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el Anexo 9-39 excluye de las disposiciones de solucioÌ?n de
+controversias, las decisiones de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de Inversiones
+Extranjeras de MeÌ?xico que sometan a revisioÌ?n una inversioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ 12.- ComiteÌ? de InversioÌ?n y Comercio Transfronterizo de Servicios.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 9-40 y Anexo 9-40).
+
+
+ Se crea el citado ComiteÌ?, integrado por representantes de cada Parte,
+y que desempenÌ?araÌ? las funciones que se indican.
+
+
+ El Anexo 9-40 senÌ?ala que el ComiteÌ? estaraÌ? integrado, por parte de
+Chile, por la DireccioÌ?n General de Relaciones EconoÌ?micas Internacionales
+del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores.
+
+
+
+ II. CapiÌ?tulo 10. Comercio Transfronterizo de Servicios.
+
+
+
+ 1.- Ambito de aplicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-02).
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo se refiere a las medidas que una Parte adopte o
+mantenga sobre el comercio transfronterizo de servicios, que realicen los
+prestadores de servicios de la otra Parte, incluidas las relativas a la
+produccioÌ?n, distribucioÌ?n, comercializacioÌ?n, venta y prestacioÌ?n de un
+servicio; la compra, o uso o el pago de un servicio; el acceso a y el uso
+de sistemas de distribucioÌ?n y transporte relacionados con la prestacioÌ?n de
+un servicio; la presencia en su territorio de un prestador de servicios de
+la otra Parte, y el otorgamiento de una fianza u otra forma de garantiÌ?a
+financiera, como condicioÌ?n para la prestacioÌ?n de un servicio.
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo no se aplica al comercio transfronterizo de servicios
+financieros; a los servicios aeÌ?reos, incluidos los de transporte aeÌ?reo
+nacional e internacional, regulares y no regulares, asiÌ? como las
+actividades auxiliares de apoyo a los servicios aeÌ?reos; a las compras
+gubernamentales hechas por una Parte o empresa del Estado, ni a los
+subsidios o donaciones otorgados por una Parte o una empresa del Estado,
+incluidos los preÌ?stamos, garantiÌ?as y seguros apoyados por el Gobierno.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Trato nacional. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los prestadores de servicios de la otra Parte
+un trato no menos favorable que el que conceda, en circunstancias
+similares, a sus prestadores de servicios.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-04).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los prestadores de servicios de la otra Parte
+un trato no menos favorable que el concedido, en circunstancias similares,
+a los prestadores de servicios de un paiÌ?s no Parte.
+
+
+
+ 4.- Nivel de trato. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-05).
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? a los prestadores de servicios de la otra Parte
+el mejor de los tratos requeridos por los artiÌ?culos 10-03 y 10-04.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Presencia local. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-06).
+
+
+ Ninguna Parte exigiraÌ? a un prestador de servicios de la otra Parte
+que establezca o mantenga una oficina de representacioÌ?n u otro tipo de
+empresa, o que resida en su territorio como condicioÌ?n para la prestacioÌ?n
+transfronteriza de un servicio.
+
+
+
+ 6.- Reservas. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-07).
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 10-03, 10-04 y 10-06 no se aplican a cualquier medida
+disconforme existente que sea mantenida por una Parte a nivel nacional o
+federal, o estatal, tal como se indica en su Lista del Anexo I, o un
+gobierno municipal; la continuacioÌ?n o la pronta renovacioÌ?n de cualquier
+medida disconforme a que se refiere la letra a); ni la reforma de cualquier
+medida disconforme a que se refiere la letra a), siempre que dicha reforma
+no disminuya el grado de conformidad de la medida, tal como estaba en vigor
+inmediatamente antes de la reforma, con los artiÌ?culos 10-03, 10-04 y 10-06.
+
+
+ Tales artiÌ?culos no se aplican a cualquier medida que una Parte adopte
+o mantenga respecto a los sectores, subsectores o actividades, tal como se
+indica en su Lista del Anexo II.
+
+
+
+ 7.- Otorgamiento de licencias y certificados. (ArtiÌ?culo 10-12 y
+Anexo 10-12).
+
+
+ Con el objeto de garantizar que toda medida que una Parte adopte o
+mantenga, en relacioÌ?n con los requisitos y procedimientos para el
+otorgamiento de licencias o certificaciones a los nacionales de la otra
+Parte no constituya una barrera innecesaria al comercio, cada Parte
+procuraraÌ? garantizar que dichas medidas se sustenten en criterios objetivos
+y transparentes, tales como la capacidad y la aptitud para prestar un
+servicio; no sean maÌ?s gravosas de lo necesario para asegurar la calidad de
+un servicio, y no constituyan una restriccioÌ?n encubierta a la prestacioÌ?n
+transfronteriza de un servicio.
+
+
+ El Anexo 10-12 tiene por objeto establecer las reglas que habraÌ?n de
+observar las Partes para reducir y gradualmente eliminar, en su territorio,
+las barreras a la prestacioÌ?n de servicios profesionales.
+
+
+
+
+
+ III. CapiÌ?tulo 11. Servicios de Transporte AeÌ?reo.
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones (ArtiÌ?culo 11-01).
+
+
+ Para efectos de este CapiÌ?tulo, se entenderaÌ? por Convenio, el
+"Convenio sobre Transporte AeÌ?reo entre el Gobierno de la RepuÌ?blica de Chile
+y el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", firmado el 14 de enero de
+1997, contenido en el BoletiÌ?n Nº 2256-10, en actual tramitacioÌ?n en este
+Senado.
+
+
+ 2.- Ambito de aplicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 11-01).
+
+
+ Excepto por lo dispuesto en este CapiÌ?tulo, el CapiÌ?tulo 17
+(AdministracioÌ?n del Tratado), el CapiÌ?tulo 19 (Excepciones) y el CapiÌ?tulo 20
+(Disposiciones finales), este Tratado no se aplica a los servicios de
+transporte aeÌ?reo y las Partes estaraÌ?n a lo dispuesto en el Convenio.
+
+
+ 3.- ConsolidacioÌ?n de medidas. (ArtiÌ?culo 11-03).
+
+
+ Cualquier modificacioÌ?n que se lleve a cabo de conformidad con el
+ArtiÌ?culo 17 (Consultas y enmiendas) del Convenio, no podraÌ? restringir los
+derechos respecto a la situacioÌ?n existente en dicho Convenio.
+
+
+ 4.- SolucioÌ?n de controversias. (ArtiÌ?culo 11-04).
+
+
+ Las controversias que surjan respecto de la aplicacioÌ?n o
+interpretacioÌ?n de este CapiÌ?tulo o del Convenio, se regiraÌ?n por las
+disposiciones del CapiÌ?tulo 18 (SolucioÌ?n de controversias) de este Tratado,
+de acuerdo con las modificaciones establecidas en el presente ArtiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ 5.- ComiteÌ? de Transporte AeÌ?reo. (ArtiÌ?culo 11-05 y Anexo 11-05).
+
+
+ Se establece el citado ComiteÌ? compuesto por representantes de cada
+una de las Partes, en el caso de Chile, la Junta de AeronaÌ?utica Civil y, en
+el de MeÌ?xico, la DireccioÌ?n General de AeronaÌ?utica Civil, con las funciones
+que se senÌ?ala.
+
+
+ 6.- Convenio. (ArtiÌ?culo 11-06).
+
+
+ Las Partes dejan sin efecto las siguientes disposiciones del
+Convenio:
+
+
+ a) las relativas a solucioÌ?n de controversias, incluyendo el ArtiÌ?culo
+18 (SolucioÌ?n de Controversias), y
+
+
+ b) el ArtiÌ?culo 20 (TerminacioÌ?n).
+
+
+ 7.- Entrada en vigor. (ArtiÌ?culo 11-07).
+
+
+ Los derechos y obligaciones de este CapiÌ?tulo surtiraÌ?n efecto una vez
+que las Partes hayan dado cumplimiento al ArtiÌ?culo 21 (Entrada en vigor)
+del Convenio.
+
+
+
+ IV. CapiÌ?tulo 12. Telecomunicaciones.
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 12-01 y Anexo 12-01).
+
+
+ Se determina el sentido y alcance que ha de darse, para efectos de
+este CapiÌ?tulo, a diversas expresiones, tales como "medida relativa a la
+normalizacioÌ?n", "monopolio", "procedimiento de evaluacioÌ?n de la
+conformidad" y "servicio de telecomunicaciones".
+
+
+ El Anexo 12-01 contempla la normativa interna de las Partes que
+complementaraÌ? este CapiÌ?tulo en materia de "procedimientos de evaluacioÌ?n de
+la conformidad".
+
+
+ 2.- Acceso a redes y servicios puÌ?blicos de telecomunicaciones y su
+uso. (ArtiÌ?culo 12-03 y Anexo 12-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte garantizaraÌ? que personas de la otra Parte tengan acceso a,
+y puedan hacer uso de cualquier red o servicio puÌ?blico de
+telecomunicaciones ofrecidos en su territorio o de manera transfronteriza,
+inclusive los circuitos privados arrendados, en teÌ?rminos y condiciones
+razonables y no discriminatorias, para la conduccioÌ?n de sus negocios.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, cada Parte garantizaraÌ? que a las personas de la otra Parte se
+les permita comprar o arrendar, y conectar equipo terminal u otro equipo
+que haga interfaz con la red puÌ?blica de telecomunicaciones; interconectar
+circuitos privados, arrendados o propios, con las redes puÌ?blicas de
+telecomunicaciones en el territorio de esa Parte o a traveÌ?s de sus
+fronteras, incluido el acceso mediante marcacioÌ?n directa a y desde sus
+usuarios o clientes, o con circuitos arrendados o propios de otra persona,
+en teÌ?rminos y condiciones mutuamente aceptadas por dichas personas,
+conforme a lo dispuesto en el Anexo 12-03; realizar funciones de
+conmutacioÌ?n, senÌ?alizacioÌ?n y procesamiento, y utilizar los protocolos de
+operacioÌ?n que ellos elijan, de conformidad con los planes teÌ?cnicos de cada
+Parte.
+
+
+ Asimismo, cada Parte garantizaraÌ? que la fijacioÌ?n de precios para los
+servicios puÌ?blicos de telecomunicaciones refleje los costos econoÌ?micos
+directamente relacionados con la prestacioÌ?n de los servicios.
+
+
+ A su turno, el Anexo 12-03 senÌ?ala que para efectos del artiÌ?culo 12-
+03, en el caso de Chile, se entenderaÌ? que la interconexioÌ?n de los circuitos
+privados con las redes puÌ?blicas de telecomunicaciones no daraÌ? acceso a
+traÌ?fico desde dichos circuitos privados hacia las redes puÌ?blicas o
+viceversa, sean dichos circuitos privados arrendados o propios.
+
+
+ 3.- Otras normas. (ArtiÌ?culos 12-04 a 12-10).
+
+
+ En este CapiÌ?tulo se consultan, ademaÌ?s, normas sobre condiciones para
+la prestacioÌ?n de servicios mejorados o de valor agregado; medidas relativas
+a la normalizacioÌ?n; monopolios; transparencia; relacioÌ?n con organizaciones
+y tratados internacionales, y cooperacioÌ?n teÌ?cnica y otras consultas.
+
+
+
+ V. CapiÌ?tulo 13. Entrada temporal de personas de negocios.
+
+
+ 1.- Principios generales. (ArtiÌ?culo 13-02).
+
+
+ Este CapiÌ?tulo refleja la relacioÌ?n comercial preferente que existe
+entre las Partes, la conveniencia de facilitar la entrada temporal conforme
+al principio de reciprocidad y de establecer criterios y procedimientos
+transparentes para tal efecto. Asimismo, refleja la necesidad de
+garantizar la seguridad de las fronteras y de proteger la fuerza de trabajo
+nacional y el empleo permanente en sus respectivos territorios.
+
+
+
+ 2.- AutorizacioÌ?n de entrada temporal. (ArtiÌ?culo 13-04; Anexos 13-
+04 y 13-04(1), y ApeÌ?ndices 13-04 (A)(1), 13-04 (A)(3) y 13-04 (D)(1).
+
+
+ De acuerdo con las disposiciones de este CapiÌ?tulo, incluso las
+contenidas en el Anexo 13-04 y Anexo 13-04(1), cada Parte autorizaraÌ? la
+entrada temporal a personas de negocios que cumplan con las demaÌ?s medidas
+aplicables, relativas a la salud y seguridad puÌ?blicas, asiÌ? como las
+relacionadas con seguridad nacional.
+
+
+ No obstante, una Parte podraÌ? negar la expedicioÌ?n de un documento
+migratorio que autorice el empleo a una persona de negocios cuando su
+entrada temporal afecte desfavorablemente la solucioÌ?n de cualquier
+conflicto laboral en curso en el lugar donde esteÌ? empleada o vaya a
+emplearse, o el empleo de cualquier persona que intervenga en ese
+conflicto.
+
+
+ El Anexo 13-04 dice relacioÌ?n con la entrada temporal de personas de
+negocios, distinguiendo entre visitantes de negocios (SeccioÌ?n A);
+comerciantes e inversionistas (SeccioÌ?n B); transferencias de personal
+dentro de una empresa (SeccioÌ?n C), y profesionales (SeccioÌ?n D).
+
+
+ A su turno, el Anexo 13-04(1) contiene normas especiÌ?ficas por paiÌ?s
+para la entrada temporal de personas de negocios.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el ApeÌ?ndice 13-04(A)(1) complementa las disposiciones
+del Anexo 13-04, SeccioÌ?n A, sobre visitantes de negocios.
+
+
+ El ApeÌ?ndice 13-04(A)(3) individualiza, para efectos del Anexo 13-
+04(A)(3), las medidas migratorias vigentes.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el ApeÌ?ndice 13-04(D)(1) contiene la lista de
+profesionales y requisitos acadeÌ?micos miÌ?nimos y tiÌ?tulos alternativos
+exigibles a quienes soliciten entrada temporal.
+
+
+
+ 3.- ComiteÌ? de entrada temporal. (ArtiÌ?culo 13-06).
+
+
+ Las Partes establecen dicho ComiteÌ?, integrado por representantes de
+cada una de ellas, incluyendo funcionarios de migracioÌ?n, para los fines que
+se detalla.
+
+
+ 4.- SolucioÌ?n de controversias. (ArtiÌ?culo 13-07).
+
+
+ Una Parte no podraÌ? dar inicio a los procedimientos previstos en el
+artiÌ?culo 18-05 (IntervencioÌ?n de la ComisioÌ?n, buenos oficios, conciliacioÌ?n y
+mediacioÌ?n) respecto a una negativa de autorizacioÌ?n de entrada temporal
+conforme a este CapiÌ?tulo, ni respecto de ninguÌ?n caso particular comprendido
+en el artiÌ?culo 13-03, salvo que el asunto se refiera a una praÌ?ctica
+recurrente y la persona de negocios afectada haya agotado los recursos
+administrativos a su alcance respecto a ese asunto en particular.
+
+
+
+ VI. CapiÌ?tulo 14. PoliÌ?tica en materia de competencia, monopolios y
+empresas del Estado.
+
+
+ 1.- Definiciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 14-01 y Anexo 14-01).
+
+
+ Se determina el sentido y alcance que ha de darse, para efectos de
+este CapiÌ?tulo, a diversas expresiones, tales como "empresa del Estado",
+"mercado" y "monopolio".
+
+
+ El Anexo 14-01 senÌ?ala que "empresa del Estado", respecto de MeÌ?xico,
+no incluye la CompanÌ?iÌ?a Nacional de Subsistencias Populares y sus Filiales,
+para el propoÌ?sito de venta de maiÌ?z, frijol y leche en polvo.
+
+
+ 2.- LegislacioÌ?n en materia de competencia. (ArtiÌ?culo 14-02).
+
+
+ Cada Parte adoptaraÌ? o mantendraÌ? medidas que prohiban praÌ?cticas de
+negocios contrarias a la competencia y emprenderaÌ? las acciones que procedan
+al respecto, reconociendo que estas medidas coadyuvaraÌ?n a lograr los
+objetivos de este Tratado.
+
+
+ 3.- Monopolios y empresas del Estado. (ArtiÌ?culo 14-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte se aseguraraÌ?, mediante el control reglamentario, la
+supervisioÌ?n administrativa o la aplicacioÌ?n de otras medidas, de que
+cualquier monopolio de propiedad privada que la Parte designe, o
+gubernamental que mantenga o designe, actuÌ?e de manera que no sea
+incompatible con las obligaciones de la Parte en este Tratado, cuando ese
+monopolio ejerza facultades reglamentarias, administrativas u otras
+funciones gubernamentales que la Parte le haya delegado con relacioÌ?n al
+bien o servicio monopolizado, tales como la facultad para otorgar permisos
+de importacioÌ?n o exportacioÌ?n, aprobar operaciones comerciales o imponer
+cuotas, derechos u otros cargos.
+
+
+ 4.- Empresas del Estado. (ArtiÌ?culo 14-04).
+
+
+ Cada Parte se aseguraraÌ?, mediante el control reglamentario, la
+supervisioÌ?n administrativa o la aplicacioÌ?n de otras medidas, de que toda
+empresa del Estado que la misma mantenga o establezca, actuÌ?e de manera que
+no sea incompatible con las obligaciones de la Parte de conformidad con el
+CapiÌ?tulo 9 (InversioÌ?n), cuando dichas empresas ejerzan facultades
+reglamentarias, administrativas u otras funciones gubernamentales que la
+Parte les haya delegado, como la facultad para expropiar, otorgar
+licencias, aprobar operaciones comerciales o imponer cuotas, derechos u
+otros cargos.
+
+
+ Asimismo, cada Parte se aseguraraÌ? de que cualquier empresa del
+Estado, que la misma mantenga o establezca, otorgue trato no
+discriminatorio a las inversiones de inversionistas de la otra Parte en su
+territorio, en lo referente a la venta de sus bienes y servicios.
+
+
+
+ F.- QUINTA PARTE. PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL. (CapiÌ?tulo 15, con 2 Anexos
+y 1 ApeÌ?ndice).
+
+
+ - CapiÌ?tulo 15. Propiedad Intelectual.
+
+
+ 1.- ProteccioÌ?n de los derechos de propiedad intelectual. (ArtiÌ?culo
+15-02).
+
+
+ Los derechos de propiedad intelectual regulados en este CapiÌ?tulo
+corresponden a los derechos de autor y derechos conexos, las marcas de
+faÌ?brica o de comercio y las denominaciones de origen a que se refiere
+aqueÌ?l.
+
+
+ Cada Parte otorgaraÌ? en su territorio a los nacionales de la Otra,
+proteccioÌ?n y defensa adecuada y eficaz para los derechos de propiedad
+intelectual a los que se refiere este CapiÌ?tulo y aseguraraÌ? que las medidas
+destinadas a defenderlos no se conviertan, a su vez, en obstaÌ?culos al
+comercio legiÌ?timo.
+
+
+ 2.- RelacioÌ?n con otros Convenios sobre Propiedad Intelectual.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 15-03).
+
+
+ Ninguna disposicioÌ?n de este CapiÌ?tulo, referida a los derechos de
+propiedad intelectual, iraÌ? en detrimento de las obligaciones que las Partes
+puedan tener entre siÌ? en virtud del Convenio de PariÌ?s, el Convenio de
+Berna, la ConvencioÌ?n de Roma y el Convenio de Ginebra, todos ellos
+definidos en el artiÌ?culo 15-01.
+
+
+ Con objeto de otorgar proteccioÌ?n y defensa adecuada y eficaz a los
+derechos de propiedad intelectual a los que se refiere este CapiÌ?tulo, las
+Partes aplicaraÌ?n, cuando menos, las disposiciones sustantivas de los
+citados Convenios.
+
+
+ 3.- Otras Normas. (ArtiÌ?culos 15-04 a 15-08).
+
+
+ Las Partes establecen en materia de derechos de propiedad
+intelectual, el trato nacional, el trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida, el
+control de praÌ?cticas y condiciones abusivas o contrarias a la competencia,
+y la cooperacioÌ?n para eliminar el comercio de bienes objeto de
+infracciones.
+
+
+ 4.- RenovacioÌ?n de una marca. (ArtiÌ?culo 15-21 y Anexo 15-21).
+
+
+ Sujeto a lo dispuesto en el Anexo 15-21, si para la renovacioÌ?n de una
+marca de faÌ?brica o de comercio una Parte exige el uso, el registro no podraÌ?
+renovarse si no se acredita el uso de la marca de faÌ?brica o de comercio, de
+acuerdo a lo establecido en la legislacioÌ?n de cada Parte.
+
+
+ El Anexo 15-21 aclara que Chile adecuaraÌ? su legislacioÌ?n para aplicar
+lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 15-21, en un plazo no superior a cinco anÌ?os
+contado a partir de la entrada en vigor de este Tratado.
+
+
+ 5.- Denominaciones de origen. (ArtiÌ?culo 15-24, Anexo 15-24 y
+ApeÌ?ndice 15-24).
+
+
+ El Anexo 15-24 se ocupa de las denominaciones de origen.
+
+
+ Chile reconoceraÌ? las denominaciones de origen "Tequila" y "Mezcal"
+para su uso exclusivo en productos originarios de MeÌ?xico. En consecuencia,
+en Chile no se permitiraÌ? la importacioÌ?n, fabricacioÌ?n o venta de productos
+bajo la denominacioÌ?n de origen "Tequila" o "Mezcal", a menos de que hayan
+sido elaborados y certificados en MeÌ?xico, conforme a las leyes,
+reglamentaciones y normatividad mexicana aplicables a esos productos.
+
+
+ Por su parte, MeÌ?xico reconoceraÌ? las denominaciones de origen "Pisco",
+"Pajarete" y "Vino Asoleado", para su uso exclusivo en productos
+originarios de Chile, como tambieÌ?n a aquellos vinos con denominacioÌ?n de
+origen chilena que se determinaraÌ? por una comisioÌ?n bipartita, sobre la base
+del ApeÌ?ndice 15-24 dentro del teÌ?rmino de un anÌ?o contado a partir de la
+fecha de entrada en vigor de este Tratado. En consecuencia, en MeÌ?xico no
+se permitiraÌ? la importacioÌ?n, fabricacioÌ?n o venta de productos bajo dichas
+denominaciones de origen, a menos que hayan sido elaborados y certificados
+en Chile, conforme a la legislacioÌ?n chilena aplicable a tales productos.
+Lo anterior es sin perjuicio de los derechos que MeÌ?xico pueda reconocer,
+ademaÌ?s de a Chile, exclusivamente al PeruÌ?, en relacioÌ?n al "Pisco".
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el referido ApeÌ?ndice 15-24 senÌ?ala las Regiones
+VitiviniÌ?colas de Chile, con detalle de las subregiones, zonas y aÌ?reas.
+
+
+
+ G.- SEXTA PARTE. DISPOSICIONES INSTITUCIONALES ADMINISTRATIVAS.
+(CapiÌ?tulos 16, 17, con 4 Anexos, 18, con 1 Anexo, 19, con 1 Anexo, y 20).
+
+
+ Esta Parte incluye el CapiÌ?tulo 16, Transparencia; el CapiÌ?tulo 17,
+AdministracioÌ?n del Tratado; el CapiÌ?tulo 18, SolucioÌ?n de Controversias; el
+CapiÌ?tulo 19, Excepciones, y el CapiÌ?tulo 20, Disposiciones Finales.
+
+
+
+ I. CapiÌ?tulo 16. Transparencia.
+
+
+ 1.- Centro de InformacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 16-02).
+
+
+ Cada Parte designaraÌ? una dependencia u oficina como Centro de
+InformacioÌ?n para facilitar la comunicacioÌ?n entre las Partes sobre cualquier
+asunto comprendido en este Tratado.
+
+
+ 2.- PublicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 16-03).
+
+
+ Cada Parte se aseguraraÌ? de que sus leyes, reglamentos, procedimientos
+y resoluciones administrativas de aplicacioÌ?n general que se refieran a
+cualquier asunto comprendido en este Tratado se publiquen a la brevedad o
+se pongan a disposicioÌ?n para conocimiento de la otra Parte y de cualquier
+interesado.
+
+
+ 3.- RevisioÌ?n e impugnacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 16-06).
+
+
+ Cada Parte estableceraÌ? y mantendraÌ? tribunales o procedimientos
+judiciales o de naturaleza administrativa para efectos de la pronta
+revisioÌ?n y, cuando se justifique, la correccioÌ?n de las acciones
+administrativas definitivas relacionadas con los asuntos comprendidos en
+este Tratado.
+
+
+
+ II. CapiÌ?tulo 17. AdministracioÌ?n del Tratado.
+
+
+ 1.- ComisioÌ?n de Libre Comercio. (ArtiÌ?culo 17-01 y Anexos 17-01(1),
+17-01(2) y 17-01(3).
+
+
+ Las Partes establecen la citada ComisioÌ?n, integrada por los
+funcionarios a que se refiere el Anexo 17-01(1), a saber, en el caso de
+Chile, el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores, y, en el de MeÌ?xico, el
+Secretario de Comercio y Fomento Industrial, o las personas que eÌ?stos
+designen.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tendraÌ? las funciones que se detallan, entre las cuales
+pueden senÌ?alarse las de velar por el cumplimiento y correcta aplicacioÌ?n de
+las disposiciones del Tratado; resolver las controversias que surjan
+respecto a su interpretacioÌ?n o aplicacioÌ?n; supervisar la labor de todos los
+comiteÌ?s, subcomiteÌ?s y grupos de expertos establecidos o creados conforme a
+este Tratado, incluyendo los del Anexo 17-01(2), y conocer de cualquier
+otro asunto que pudiese afectar el funcionamiento del Tratado.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n podraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, modificar las reglas de origen, los plazos
+de desgravacioÌ?n a fin de acelerar la desgravacioÌ?n arancelaria, las listas
+de productos incluidos en las Listas de Excepciones para incorporar uno o
+maÌ?s bienes al programa de desgravacioÌ?n, y las reglamentaciones uniformes.
+
+
+ En el caso de Chile, dichas modificaciones seraÌ?n aprobadas mediante
+decreto supremo tramitado ante la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica y
+publicado en el Diario Oficial. (Anexo 17-01(3)).
+
+
+ 2.- Secretariado. (ArtiÌ?culo 17-02).
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estableceraÌ? y supervisaraÌ? un Secretariado integrado por
+secciones nacionales.
+
+
+ Cada Parte estableceraÌ? la oficina permanente de su seccioÌ?n nacional;
+se encargaraÌ? de la operacioÌ?n y costos de su seccioÌ?n, y la remuneracioÌ?n y
+los gastos que deban pagarse a los aÌ?rbitros, sus asistentes, expertos y
+miembros de los ComiteÌ?s de RevisioÌ?n CientiÌ?fica nombrados de conformidad con
+este Tratado, seguÌ?n lo dispuesto en el Anexo 17-02, y designaraÌ? al
+Secretario de su seccioÌ?n nacional, quien seraÌ? el funcionario responsable de
+su administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ III. CapiÌ?tulo 18. SolucioÌ?n de controversias.
+
+
+ 1.- CooperacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-01).
+
+
+ Las Partes procuraraÌ?n siempre llegar a un acuerdo sobre la
+interpretacioÌ?n y la aplicacioÌ?n de este Tratado mediante la cooperacioÌ?n y
+consultas, y se esforzaraÌ?n por alcanzar una solucioÌ?n mutuamente
+satisfactoria para cualquier asunto que pudiese afectar su funcionamiento.
+
+
+ 2.- Ambito de aplicacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-02 y Anexo 18-02).
+
+
+ Salvo disposicioÌ?n en contrario de este Tratado, el procedimiento de
+este CapiÌ?tulo se aplicaraÌ? a la prevencioÌ?n o a la solucioÌ?n de todas las
+controversias entre las Partes relativas a la aplicacioÌ?n o a la
+interpretacioÌ?n de este Tratado, y cuando una Parte considere que una medida
+vigente o en proyecto de la Otra es o podriÌ?a ser incompatible con las
+obligaciones de este Tratado o pudiera causar anulacioÌ?n o menoscabo en el
+sentido del Anexo 18-02.
+
+
+ El Anexo 18-02, sobre anulacioÌ?n o menoscabo, permite a una Parte
+recurrir al mecanismo de solucioÌ?n de controversias de este CapiÌ?tulo cuando,
+en virtud de la aplicacioÌ?n de una medida que no contravenga el Tratado,
+considere que se anulan o menoscaban los beneficios que razonablemente pudo
+haber esperado recibir de la aplicacioÌ?n de los preceptos sobre comercio de
+bienes, normas teÌ?cnicas, comercio transfronterizo de servicios o propiedad
+intelectual.
+
+
+ 3.- SolucioÌ?n de controversias conforme al Acuerdo sobre la OMC.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 18-03).
+
+
+ Las controversias que surjan en relacioÌ?n con lo dispuesto en este
+Tratado, el Acuerdo sobre la OMC y en los convenios negociados de
+conformidad con el mismo, podraÌ?n resolverse en uno u otro foro, a eleccioÌ?n
+de la Parte reclamante.
+
+
+ 4.- IntervencioÌ?n de la ComisioÌ?n, buenos oficios, conciliacioÌ?n y
+mediacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-05).
+
+
+ Si no se llega a acuerdo mediante las consultas, cualquiera de las
+Partes podraÌ? llevar el asunto al conocimiento de la ComisioÌ?n de Libre
+Comercio, la que podraÌ? convocar asesores teÌ?cnicos o crear los ComiteÌ?s de
+Expertos que considere necesarios; recurrir a los buenos oficios, la
+conciliacioÌ?n, la mediacioÌ?n o a otros procedimientos de solucioÌ?n de
+controversias, o formular recomendaciones.
+
+
+ 5.- Solicitud de integracioÌ?n del grupo arbitral. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-06).
+
+
+ Si la ComisioÌ?n no resuelve el asunto dentro de plazo, cualquiera de
+las Partes podraÌ? solicitar el establecimiento de un grupo arbitral.
+
+
+ 6.- Lista de aÌ?rbitros. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-07).
+
+
+ Las Partes estableceraÌ?n por consenso, en la fecha que se indica, una
+lista de hasta veinte individuos que cuenten con las cualidades que se
+detallan, y la disposicioÌ?n necesaria para ser aÌ?rbitros, cuatro de los
+cuales no podraÌ?n ser nacionales de ninguna de ellas.
+
+
+ 7.- ComiteÌ?s de RevisioÌ?n CientiÌ?fica. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-12).
+
+
+ A instancia de una Parte o, a menos que ambas Partes lo desaprueben,
+el grupo arbitral podraÌ? por su propia iniciativa, solicitar un informe
+escrito a un ComiteÌ? de RevisioÌ?n CientiÌ?fica sobre cualesquiera cuestiones de
+hecho relativas a aspectos relacionados con el ambiente, la salud, la
+seguridad u otros asuntos cientiÌ?ficos planteados por una Parte en el
+proceso, conforme a los teÌ?rminos y condiciones que eÌ?stas convengan.
+
+
+ 8.- Cumplimiento del informe final. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-15).
+
+
+ El informe final del grupo arbitral seraÌ? obligatorio para las Partes.
+ Cuando tal informe declare que la medida es incompatible con este Tratado
+o que es causa de anulacioÌ?n o menoscabo en el sentido del Anexo 18-02, la
+Parte demandada, siempre que sea posible, se abstendraÌ? de ejecutar la
+medida o la derogaraÌ?.
+
+
+ 9.- Incumplimiento-suspensioÌ?n de beneficios. (ArtiÌ?culo 18-16).
+
+
+ La Parte reclamante podraÌ? suspender la aplicacioÌ?n de beneficios de
+efecto equivalente a la Parte demandada si el grupo arbitral resuelve que
+una medida es incompatible con las obligaciones de este Tratado y la Parte
+demandada no cumple con el informe final dentro de los treinta diÌ?as
+siguientes a su recepcioÌ?n, o que una medida es causa de anulacioÌ?n o
+menoscabo en el sentido del Anexo 18-02 y las Partes no llegan a un acuerdo
+mutuamente satisfactorio de la controversia dentro del plazo de 30 diÌ?as
+contado a partir de la recepcioÌ?n del informe final.
+
+
+ La suspensioÌ?n de beneficios duraraÌ? hasta que la Parte demandada
+cumpla con el informe final del grupo arbitral o hasta que las Partes
+lleguen a un acuerdo mutuamente satisfactorio sobre la controversia, seguÌ?n
+sea el caso.
+
+
+
+ IV. CapiÌ?tulo 19. Excepciones.
+
+
+ 1.- Excepciones generales. (ArtiÌ?culo 19-02).
+
+
+ Se incorporan a este Tratado y forman parte integrante del mismo, el
+artiÌ?culo XX del GATT de 1994 y sus notas interpretativas, para efectos de
+las normas sobre Comercio de bienes, Medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, y
+Medidas relativas a la normalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Asimismo, se incorporan a este Tratado y forman parte integrante del
+mismo, los apartados a), b) y c) del artiÌ?culo XIV del GATS, para efectos de
+los preceptos sobre Comercio de bienes en la medida en que alguna de sus
+disposiciones se aplique a Servicios, Normas teÌ?cnicas, Comercio
+transfronterizo de servicios, Servicios de transporte aeÌ?reo, y
+Telecomunicaciones.
+
+
+ 2.- Seguridad nacional. (ArtiÌ?culo 19-03).
+
+
+ Ninguna disposicioÌ?n de este Tratado se interpretaraÌ? en el sentido de
+obligar a una Parte a proporcionar ni a dar acceso a informacioÌ?n cuya
+divulgacioÌ?n considere contraria a sus intereses esenciales en materia de
+seguridad, o en el de impedirle adoptar medidas para protegerlos, o en el
+de impedirle adoptar medidas de conformidad con sus obligaciones derivadas
+de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas para el Mantenimiento de la Paz y la
+Seguridad Internacionales.
+
+
+ 3.- TributacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 19-05 y Anexo 19-05).
+
+
+ Salvo lo dispuesto en este artiÌ?culo, ninguna disposicioÌ?n de este
+Tratado se aplicaraÌ? a medidas tributarias.
+
+
+ Nada de lo dispuesto en el presente Acuerdo afectaraÌ? los derechos y
+las obligaciones de cualquiera de las Partes que se deriven de cualquier
+convenio tributario. En caso de incompatibilidad entre este Tratado y
+cualquiera de estos convenios, prevaleceraÌ?n estos uÌ?ltimos.
+
+
+ El Anexo 19-05 senÌ?ala que para efectos del artiÌ?culo 19-05, las
+autoridades competentes son, el caso de Chile, el Director del Servicio de
+Impuestos Internos y, en el de MeÌ?xico, el Presidente del Sistema de
+AdministracioÌ?n Tributaria.
+
+
+
+ 4.- Balanza de pagos. (ArtiÌ?culo 19-06).
+
+
+ Ninguna disposicioÌ?n de este Tratado se interpretaraÌ? en el sentido de
+impedir que una Parte adopte ni mantenga medidas que restrinjan las
+transferencias cuando la Parte afronte dificultades serias en su balanza de
+pagos, o amenaza de las mismas, siempre que las restricciones sean
+compatibles con este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Tan pronto sea factible despueÌ?s de que una Parte aplique una medida
+conforme a este artiÌ?culo, la Parte deberaÌ? someter a revisioÌ?n del Fondo
+Monetario Internacional todas las restricciones a las operaciones de cuenta
+corriente.
+
+
+
+ V. CapiÌ?tulo 20. Disposiciones finales.
+
+
+ 1.- Anexos. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-01).
+
+
+ Los Anexos de este Tratado constituyen parte integral del mismo.
+
+
+ 2.- Modificaciones y adiciones. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-02).
+
+
+ Las Partes podraÌ?n acordar cualquier modificacioÌ?n o adicioÌ?n a este
+Tratado.
+
+
+ 3.- Convergencia. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-03).
+
+
+ Las Partes propiciaraÌ?n la convergencia de este Tratado con otros
+acuerdos de integracioÌ?n de los paiÌ?ses latinoamericanos, de conformidad con
+los mecanismos establecidos en el Tratado de Montevideo de 1980.
+
+
+ 4.- DuracioÌ?n y entrada en vigor. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-04).
+
+
+ Este Tratado tendraÌ? duracioÌ?n indefinida. Las Partes cumpliraÌ?n los
+procedimientos legales necesarios, incluido el intercambio de
+comunicaciones que acrediten que las formalidades juriÌ?dicas necesarias han
+concluido, para que este Tratado entre en vigor el 1 de octubre de 1998.
+De lo contrario, regiraÌ? 30 diÌ?as despueÌ?s de que dicho intercambio se haya
+efectuado.
+
+
+ 5.- Reservas. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-05).
+
+
+ Este Tratado no podraÌ? ser objeto de reservas ni declaraciones
+interpretativas al momento de su ratificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 6.- AdhesioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-06).
+
+
+ En cumplimiento con lo establecido en el Tratado de Montevideo de
+1980, este Acuerdo estaraÌ? abierto a la adhesioÌ?n, mediante negociacioÌ?n
+previa, de los demaÌ?s paiÌ?ses miembros de la ALADI.
+
+
+ 7.- Denuncia. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-07).
+
+
+ Cualquier Parte podraÌ? denunciar este Tratado y la denuncia surtiraÌ?
+efectos 180 diÌ?as despueÌ?s de comunicarla a la otra Parte, sin perjuicio de
+que puedan pactar un plazo distinto.
+
+
+ 8.- Negociaciones futuras. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-08).
+
+
+ Establece un calendario para que la ComisioÌ?n de Libre Comercio deÌ?
+comienzo a negociaciones respecto a un CapiÌ?tulo en materia de servicios
+financieros; para eliminar reciÌ?procamente la aplicacioÌ?n de los derechos
+antidumping, y respecto de un CapiÌ?tulo en materia de compras del Gobierno.
+
+
+ 9.- CooperacioÌ?n en materia de reglas de origen. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-09).
+
+
+ Las Partes buscaraÌ?n llevar a cabo consultas con otros paiÌ?ses con los
+que ambas tengan suscritos acuerdos comerciales similares a este Tratado, a
+fin de estudiar y, en su caso, establecer los mecanismos necesarios para
+lograr una armonizacioÌ?n conjunta de las reglas de origen.
+
+
+ 10.- Derogaciones y disposiciones transitorias. (ArtiÌ?culo 20-10).
+
+
+ Las Partes dejan sin efecto el ACE Nº 17. No obstante, respecto de
+los procedimientos aduaneros, los importadores podraÌ?n solicitar su
+aplicacioÌ?n, por un plazo de 30 diÌ?as, contado a partir de la entrada en
+vigor de este Tratado. AdemaÌ?s, se fija un calendario para la aplicacioÌ?n
+del valor de contenido regional respecto de los bienes que indica.
+
+
+2
+
+3 ANEXO I
+
+
+Reservas en relacioÌ?n con medidas existentes y compromisos de
+liberalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ Principalmente, trata de reservas que dicen relacioÌ?n con las medidas
+existentes en materias de trato nacional, trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida,
+presencia local, requisitos de desempenÌ?o, y tratamiento a altos ejecutivos
+y directorios o consejos de administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En la Lista de Chile pueden destacarse las siguientes reservas,
+contenidas en las paÌ?ginas del Anexo que se indican entre pareÌ?ntesis:
+
+
+ 1.- La propiedad o cualquier otro tipo de derecho sobre tierras del
+Estado soÌ?lo podraÌ? ser obtenida por personas naturales o juriÌ?dicas chilenas,
+salvo las excepciones legales correspondientes. (I-CH-1).
+
+
+ 2.- El 85% de los trabajadores de un mismo empleador, como miÌ?nimo,
+deben ser personas naturales chilenas. Esta regla se aplica a empleadores
+con maÌ?s de 25 trabajadores con contrato de trabajo. (I-CH-3).
+
+
+ 3.- Para obtener los beneficios establecidos en la ley Nº 18.483, se
+requiere estar inscrito en los Registros de la ComisioÌ?n Automotriz y
+cumplir con porcentajes miÌ?nimos de integracioÌ?n nacional en dicho cuerpo
+legal. (I-CH-4).
+
+
+ 4.- SoÌ?lo pueden ser titulares de concesiones de servicios de
+radiodifusioÌ?n sonora de libre recepcioÌ?n o de servicios de transmisioÌ?n
+televisiva de libre recepcioÌ?n, o hacer uso de ellas, a cualquier tiÌ?tulo,
+personas juriÌ?dicas de derecho puÌ?blico o privado, constituidas en Chile y
+con domicilio en el paiÌ?s. (I-CH-5).
+
+
+ 5.- La exploracioÌ?n, la explotacioÌ?n y el beneficio de los
+hidrocarburos liÌ?quidos o gaseosos, yacimientos de cualquier tipo existentes
+en aguas mariÌ?timas sometidas a jurisdiccioÌ?n nacional y aquellas situadas
+total o parcialmente en zonas determinadas de importancia para la seguridad
+nacional con efectos mineros, cuya calificacioÌ?n seraÌ? hecha exclusivamente
+por ley, podraÌ?n ser objeto de concesiones administrativas o de contratos
+especiales de operacioÌ?n, con los requisitos y bajo las condiciones que el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica fije, para cada caso, por decreto supremo.
+
+
+ La produccioÌ?n de energiÌ?a nuclear con fines paciÌ?ficos soÌ?lo podraÌ?
+llevarse a cabo por la ComisioÌ?n Chilena de EnergiÌ?a Nuclear o, con su
+autorizacioÌ?n, en forma conjunta con terceras personas. (I-CH-8).
+
+
+ 6.- El propietario de todo diario, revista, o escrito perioÌ?dico con
+direccioÌ?n editorial en Chile, o agencia noticiosa nacional, debe ser
+chileno con domicilio y residencia en Chile. (I-CH-9).
+
+
+ 7.- SoÌ?lo personas naturales chilenas o personas juriÌ?dicas
+constituidas seguÌ?n las leyes chilenas y extranjeros que dispongan de
+permanencia definitiva podraÌ?n ser titulares de una autorizacioÌ?n o concesioÌ?n
+para realizar actividades de acuicultura. (I-CH-12).
+
+
+ 8.- SoÌ?lo las naves chilenas pueden realizar pesca en aguas
+interiores, mar territorial o en la Zona EconoÌ?mica Exclusiva de Chile. (I-
+CH-13).
+
+
+ 9.- El cabotaje queda reservado a las naves chilenas. Se entenderaÌ?
+por tal el transporte mariÌ?timo, fluvial o lacustre de pasajeros y de carga
+entre puntos del territorio nacional y entre eÌ?stos y artefactos navales
+instalados en el mar territorial o en la zona econoÌ?mica exclusiva. (I-CH-
+30).
+
+
+ A su turno, la Lista de MeÌ?xico contiene numerosas reservas, algunas a
+nivel Federal (paÌ?ginas I-M-F-1 a I-M-F-66) y otras a nivel de Estados
+(paÌ?ginas I-M-E-67 a I-M-E-180).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+4 ANEXO II
+
+
+5 Reservas en relacioÌ?n con medidas futuras.
+
+
+ La Lista de Chile contiene 11 reservas, entre las cuales pueden
+mencionarse las siguientes:
+
+
+ 1.- El derecho de adoptar o mantener cualquier medida relativa a
+requisitos de residencia para la propiedad, por inversionistas de la otra
+Parte o sus inversiones, de tierras costeras. (II-CH-1).
+
+
+ 2.- El derecho de controlar las actividades pesqueras de extranjeros,
+incluyendo desembarque, el primer desembarque de pesca procesada en el mar
+y acceso a puertos chilenos (privilegio de puerto). (II-CH-8).
+
+
+
+6 ANEXO III
+
+
+Actividades reservadas al Estado.
+
+
+ MeÌ?xico se reserva el derecho exclusivo de desempenÌ?ar y de negarse a
+autorizar el establecimiento de inversiones en las siguientes actividades:
+petroÌ?leo, otros hidrocarburos y petroquiÌ?mica baÌ?sica; electricidad; energiÌ?a
+nuclear y tratamiento de minerales radiactivos; servicios de teleÌ?grafo;
+servicios de radiotelegrafiÌ?a; servicio postal; emisioÌ?n de billetes y
+acunÌ?acioÌ?n de moneda; y control, inspeccioÌ?n y vigilancia de puertos
+mariÌ?timos y terrestres. (paÌ?ginas III-M-1 a III-M-3).
+
+
+
+7 ANEXO IV
+
+
+Excepciones al trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida.
+
+
+ Ambos paiÌ?ses exceptuÌ?an la aplicacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 9-04 al tratamiento
+otorgado bajo todos los acuerdos internacionales bilaterales o
+multilaterales en vigor o firmados antes de la fecha de entrada en vigencia
+de este Tratado.
+
+
+ Respecto a aquellos acuerdos internacionales en vigor o firmados
+despueÌ?s de la fecha de entrada en vigencia de este Tratado, las Partes
+exceptuÌ?an la aplicacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo citado al tratamiento otorgado bajo
+aquellos acuerdos en materia de aviacioÌ?n; pesca; o asuntos mariÌ?timos,
+incluyendo salvamento.
+
+
+
+8 ANEXO V
+
+
+Restricciones cuantitativas.
+
+
+ La Lista de cada una de las Partes establece las restricciones
+cuantitativas no discriminatorias mantenidas por esa Parte, de conformidad
+con el artiÌ?culo 10-08.
+
+
+ La Lista de Chile las mantiene en materia de servicios postales;
+radiocomunicaciones; transmisioÌ?n de electricidad; energiÌ?a nuclear;
+servicios legales; servicios de telecomunicaciones; transporte aeÌ?reo;
+servicios aeÌ?reos especializados, y disposicioÌ?n de aguas servidas y desechos
+y otros servicios de proteccioÌ?n ambiental.
+
+
+
+9 ANEXO VI
+
+
+Compromisos futuros.
+
+
+ Este Anexo se contempla para registrar, una vez entrado en vigencia
+el Tratado, los compromisos que las Partes acuerden.
+
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+
+ DISCUSION
+
+
+
+ En el seno de vuestra ComisioÌ?n, el senÌ?or Ministro de Relaciones
+Exteriores expresoÌ? que el Tratado en informe fue suscrito en el mes de
+abril de 1998, con ocasioÌ?n de la visita del Presidente Zedillo a Chile, en
+la misma oportunidad en que se firmoÌ? el Convenio sobre doble tributacioÌ?n,
+actualmente en tramitacioÌ?n legislativa.
+
+
+ MeÌ?xico, agregoÌ?, fue el primer paiÌ?s con el cual Chile suscribioÌ? un
+tratado de libre comercio (1991), que ha tenido un exitoso desarrollo y ha
+permitido liberalizar el 96% del comercio con aquel paiÌ?s, asiÌ? como aumentar
+notablemente el intercambio comercial. De esta manera, mientras en 1990 el
+comercio bilateral alcanzaba a alrededor de los cien millones de doÌ?lares,
+hoy supera los mil millones.
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Canciller anÌ?adioÌ? que resultaba del todo razonable,
+considerando las dificultades producidas en las negociaciones del Acuerdo
+de Libre Comercio con AmeÌ?rica del Norte (NAFTA), negociar con MeÌ?xico y
+CanadaÌ? dos Tratados bastante similares.
+
+
+ AclaroÌ?, por otra parte, que el Tratado en anaÌ?lisis, a diferencia del
+vigente (ACE Nº 17, de 1991), no podiÌ?a ser suscrito en el marco de la
+ALADI, ya que comprende materias que superan sustantivamente el aÌ?mbito del
+Tratado de Montevideo de 1980.
+
+
+ Finalmente, subrayoÌ? que el Tratado en informe es una prolongacioÌ?n de
+nuestras relaciones econoÌ?micas con MeÌ?xico, constituyendo un mejoramiento
+sustancial de las mismas.
+
+
+ Acto seguido, el Director General de Relaciones EconoÌ?micas
+Internacionales de la CancilleriÌ?a, Embajador don Juan Gabriel ValdeÌ?s,
+reiteroÌ? que el Tratado es continuador del ACE Nº 17, de 1991, que se
+suscribiera en el marco de la ALADI, por lo tanto, el Tratado de Libre
+Comercio en traÌ?mite no consulta ninguÌ?n cambio en lo que es la negociacioÌ?n
+propiamente comercial, en teÌ?rminos de negociacioÌ?n arancelaria. Mantiene
+las excepciones que se habiÌ?an establecido en el Acuerdo anterior.
+
+
+ El instrumento internacional en debate fija normas que van maÌ?s allaÌ?
+del ACE Nº 17, de 1991, como las que se refieren al acceso de bienes al
+mercado y al establecimiento de reglas de origen que tienen como objetivo
+asegurar que los beneficios del Tratado privilegien o sean concedidos a
+bienes producidos en Chile y MeÌ?xico y no a bienes que se elaboren en otros
+paiÌ?ses. En esta materia hay cambios respecto del Acuerdo anterior, en el
+sentido de que eÌ?l se referiÌ?a a las normas de origen de la ALADI, mientras
+que el Tratado en estudio tiene principios especiÌ?ficos de reglas de origen
+y modalidad de caÌ?lculo de las reglas. Se hace, pues, maÌ?s transparente el
+procedimiento de normas de origen.
+
+
+ Gracias a estas reglas, anÌ?adioÌ?, podraÌ?n impedirse algunos conflictos
+que se dieron en la implementacioÌ?n del Acuerdo anterior, en teÌ?rminos de
+coÌ?mo se entendiÌ?a la aplicacioÌ?n de las normas de origen.
+
+
+ Acto seguido, informoÌ? que el Tratado de Libre Comercio establece
+procedimientos aduaneros que abordan detalladamente materias como la
+certificacioÌ?n y declaracioÌ?n de origen, las obligaciones respecto de las
+importaciones y exportaciones, los procedimientos para verificar el origen
+de los bienes, los procedimientos de revisioÌ?n e impugnacioÌ?n y las sanciones
+en caso de violacioÌ?n de los principios del instrumento internacional.
+
+
+ DestacoÌ? que la certificacioÌ?n de origen corresponderaÌ? a los
+exportadores y, por tanto, ya no seraÌ? como antes en que era una institucioÌ?n
+del Estado la que determinaba el origen.
+
+
+ ExplicoÌ? que, luego, el Tratado establece medidas de salvaguardia,
+entendidas como acciones que buscan prevenir o remediar el danÌ?o o amenaza
+de danÌ?o de la industria domeÌ?stica y facilitar el ajuste causado por el
+aumento de las importaciones de un producto similar.
+
+
+ Se fijan, pues, las reglas y procedimientos que permiten a las Partes
+adoptar medidas de salvaguardia para aliviar en forma transitoria a las
+industrias afectadas. AclaroÌ? que soÌ?lo pueden aplicarse este tipo de
+medidas si se trata de uno de los cinco principales abastecedores del
+producto en cuestioÌ?n, debiendo, en todo caso, haber compensaciones por las
+salvaguardias.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el senÌ?or Director General de Relaciones EconoÌ?micas
+Internacionales indicoÌ? que el Tratado tambieÌ?n establece medidas sanitarias
+y fitosanitarias, que son especiÌ?ficas del mismo, es decir, no son las
+disposiciones comprendidas en las normativas multilaterales. Se busca, en
+consecuencia, que la aplicacioÌ?n de dichas medidas no se traduzca en
+obstaÌ?culos al comercio.
+
+
+ En esta misma aÌ?rea, prosiguioÌ?, se contemplan normas teÌ?cnicas, que son
+aquellas medidas y reglamentaciones del Gobierno que tienen relacioÌ?n con el
+comercio.
+
+
+ Todo lo anterior, recalcoÌ?, es lo que se refiere a las cuestiones
+propiamente comerciales o al intercambio de bienes.
+
+
+ SubrayoÌ? que uno de los principales aspectos que el Tratado busca
+introducir es ir maÌ?s allaÌ? del intercambio de bienes y pasar a regular
+materias vinculadas con inversiones y servicios.
+
+
+ En cuanto a las inversiones, expresoÌ? que la relacioÌ?n bilateral entre
+Chile y MeÌ?xico se ha desarrollado de manera muy favorable. Entre 1990 y
+1998 las inversiones chilenas materializadas en MeÌ?xico alcanzaron a maÌ?s de
+150 millones de doÌ?lares, habieÌ?ndose transformado dicho paiÌ?s en el
+deÌ?cimotercer destino de capitales chilenos. La parte importante de estas
+inversiones, anÌ?adioÌ?, ha estado en el campo de los servicios previsionales.
+
+
+ Los proyectos de inversioÌ?n en MeÌ?xico ascienden a 319 millones de
+doÌ?lares a diciembre de 1998, mientras que la inversioÌ?n mexicana en Chile
+alcanza, hacia esa fecha, a 39 millones de doÌ?lares, ingresados viÌ?a decreto
+ley Nº 600, de 1974, aun cuando los capitales incorporados al paiÌ?s viÌ?a
+artiÌ?culo 14, Banco Central, entre 1994 y 1998, llegaron a los 203 millones
+de doÌ?lares. Es decir, existe una relacioÌ?n en teÌ?rminos de inversiones que
+amerita el que se haya avanzado en el terreno de una normativa maÌ?s moderna
+respecto de la materia.
+
+
+ Lo que hace el Tratado de Libre Comercio, al igual que el celebrado
+con CanadaÌ?, es liberalizar los flujos de inversioÌ?n entre los paiÌ?ses,
+estableciendo normas claras y transparentes que aseguren el acceso de la
+inversioÌ?n en sus etapas de pre y post establecimiento.
+
+
+ AfirmoÌ? que se consolida la legislacioÌ?n interna en materia de
+inversioÌ?n, permitiendo que cualquier liberalizacioÌ?n futura que se
+implemente se entienda incorporada al Tratado. Hoy, por tanto, se da mayor
+certeza al inversionista, en cuanto eÌ?l conoce las restricciones que existen
+en ambos paiÌ?ses y sabe cuaÌ?les son las medidas listadas que no podraÌ?n ser
+objeto de mayores restricciones.
+
+
+ Se consagran, agregoÌ?, los principios generales que en estos campos se
+aplican, esto es, trato nacional y de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida, la prohibicioÌ?n
+de imponer determinados requisitos de desempenÌ?o a la inversioÌ?n, y trato
+justo y equitativo, asiÌ? como un mecanismo de solucioÌ?n de controversias para
+resolver las disputas que puedan darse como resultado de la aplicacioÌ?n de
+las disposiciones del CapiÌ?tulo respectivo, entre el inversionista y el
+Estado receptor de la inversioÌ?n.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ?, luego, que tambieÌ?n se cautelan, como se hizo en el Tratado
+con CanadaÌ?, las atribuciones del Banco Central de Chile, en orden a
+preservar la estabilidad de la moneda, estableciendo el derecho a aplicar
+un encaje, asiÌ? como un plazo para la repatriacioÌ?n del capital.
+
+
+ En seguida, don Juan Gabriel ValdeÌ?s expresoÌ? que el Tratado entra en
+el tema del comercio transfronterizo de servicios, establecieÌ?ndose,
+tambieÌ?n, el trato nacional, el trato de nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida, la presencia
+local, en el sentido de que ninguna Parte exigiraÌ? al prestador de servicios
+de la Otra el establecimiento o mantencioÌ?n de una Oficina de representacioÌ?n
+como condicioÌ?n para poder prestar servicios, etc. Se incluyen los
+servicios profesionales y el tema del transporte mariÌ?timo, existiendo un
+Acuerdo paralelo y simultaÌ?neo sobre transporte aeÌ?reo.
+
+
+ Sobre la base del Tratado, anÌ?adioÌ?, se acaban las reservas de carga
+mariÌ?tima que teniÌ?a MeÌ?xico para el transporte de automoÌ?viles; por tanto,
+desde la vigencia del instrumento internacional, los buques chilenos podraÌ?n
+acceder al transporte de autos desde puertos mexicanos en igualdad de
+condiciones que los buques de ese paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ ProsiguioÌ? su exposicioÌ?n senÌ?alando que el Tratado en informe contempla
+otro CapiÌ?tulo sobre entrada temporal de personas de negocios,
+establecieÌ?ndose, sobre la base del principio de reciprocidad, los
+compromisos que las Partes asumieron con el objeto de facilitar la entrada
+temporal a sus respectivos territorios de las referidas personas de ambos
+paiÌ?ses.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n el Tratado contiene disposiciones sobre telecomunicaciones,
+en que se garantiza el acceso a las redes puÌ?blicas para la prestacioÌ?n de
+servicios.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, continuoÌ?, aborda el tema de la propiedad intelectual -lo que
+constituye una diferencia con el Tratado celebrado con CanadaÌ?-,
+incluyeÌ?ndose las marcas, los derechos de autor, las obras literarias y
+artiÌ?sticas, derechos conexos, denominaciones de origen y medidas de
+observancia de derechos para hacer cumplir las normas. Se incorpora una
+proteccioÌ?n amplia al producto "Pisco" para su uso exclusivo en productos
+originarios de Chile y se sientan las bases para todas las denominaciones
+de origen del vino chileno. Al mismo tiempo, Chile protegeraÌ? las
+denominaciones de origen "Tequila" y "Mezcal". De esta manera, nuestro
+paiÌ?s se adelanta en esto a los compromisos asumidos en el marco de la OMC.
+
+
+ En otro orden de cosas, el representante del Ejecutivo manifestoÌ? que
+el Tratado de Libre Comercio contempla un mecanismo eficiente y expedito
+para la solucioÌ?n de controversias que surjan a partir de incumplimientos
+del Acuerdo o con motivo de la anulacioÌ?n o menoscabo de sus beneficios. Se
+establecen, asiÌ?, tres etapas procesales, a saber, la consulta directa entre
+las Partes, la intervencioÌ?n de la ComisioÌ?n -que puede recurrir a la
+asesoriÌ?a de expertos- y, soÌ?lo en cuanto las anteriores etapas no den
+resultado, puede recurrirse a grupos arbitrales compuestos por cinco
+miembros.
+
+
+ RemarcoÌ?, a continuacioÌ?n, que el Tratado recoge el compromiso de
+iniciar negociaciones futuras en diversas aÌ?reas. En primer lugar, para
+incorporar los servicios financieros a aqueÌ?l, negociacioÌ?n que deberaÌ?
+iniciarse al 30 de junio de este anÌ?o, y para eliminar los derechos
+antidumping e introducir disciplinas sobre compras de Gobierno, un anÌ?o
+despueÌ?s de la entrada en vigor del instrumento internacional.
+
+
+ DestacoÌ?, en seguida, las diferencias entre el Acuerdo en anaÌ?lisis y
+el Tratado de Libre Comercio con CanadaÌ?.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ?, al respecto, que en el caso del Tratado con CanadaÌ?, Chile
+obtuvo un importante avance que estaÌ? resultando bastante original en el
+marco de las relaciones comerciales en el hemisferio, que se refiere a la
+eliminacioÌ?n de los derechos antidumping. Con MeÌ?xico, esto no fue posible,
+postergaÌ?ndose la negociacioÌ?n sobre el tema.
+
+
+ Luego, anÌ?adioÌ?, el Tratado con MeÌ?xico incluye CapiÌ?tulos sobre medidas
+sanitarias y fitosanitarias y sobre medidas de normalizacioÌ?n y metrologiÌ?a
+-en lo que se va maÌ?s allaÌ? de la OMC-, mientras que en el caso del Tratado
+con CanadaÌ? se incorporaron las normas multilaterales.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, en el Tratado con MeÌ?xico no se liberaliza ninguÌ?n
+producto, pues se mantiene lo ya negociado en el ACE Nº 17, de 1991,
+mediante el cual alrededor del 98% de los productos estaÌ? libre de
+aranceles. En el caso de CanadaÌ?, la negociacioÌ?n fue esencialmente
+arancelaria.
+
+
+ Las normas de origen, prosiguioÌ?, son diferentes, ya que el
+instrumento suscrito con MeÌ?xico tiene normas de origen expresadas de manera
+especiÌ?fica para cada producto que, como miÌ?nimo, son equivalentes a las del
+ACE Nº 17, de 1991.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, indicoÌ? que el Tratado con MeÌ?xico incluye un CapiÌ?tulo
+sobre transporte aeÌ?reo, que en el Acuerdo con CanadaÌ? no existe.
+
+
+ A su turno, el H. Senador senÌ?or MartiÌ?nez consultoÌ? al senÌ?or Ministro
+de Relaciones Exteriores acerca de coÌ?mo aborda el Tratado el tema de la
+construccioÌ?n naval, que tiene gran importancia para Chile, puesto que en
+nuestro paiÌ?s se estaÌ?n construyendo embarcaciones de diverso tipo.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, el Secretario de Estado manifestoÌ? que al no
+estar contemplado el asunto dentro de las restricciones a que se refiere el
+instrumento internacional, no existe impedimento para contratar
+construccioÌ?n naval entre ambos paiÌ?ses.
+
+
+ El mismo senÌ?or Senador consultoÌ?, dentro del tema de la pesca, si en
+el Tratado eÌ?sta se refiere a la venta de productos pesqueros o a la accioÌ?n
+de pescar en aguas jurisdiccionales de ambos paiÌ?ses, a lo que el senÌ?or
+Canciller respondioÌ? que en este instrumento internacional se refiere a la
+venta de productos pesqueros o a servicios que puedan prestarse sobre la
+materia. AgregoÌ? que no hay ninguna disposicioÌ?n que permita liberalizar la
+pesca en las aguas territoriales o patrimoniales de ninguno de los dos
+Estados.
+
+
+ Luego, el H. Senador senÌ?or MartiÌ?nez comentoÌ? que, en materia de
+transporte mariÌ?timo, el cabotaje aparece expresamente reservado en igualdad
+de condiciones, ante lo cual los representantes del Ejecutivo senÌ?alaron que
+efectivamente asiÌ? era, agregando que, incluso, los buques de bandera
+chilena se reputan como de bandera mexicana para efectos de transporte de
+carga automotriz.
+
+
+ Por otro lado, el referido senÌ?or Senador subrayoÌ? que existen
+planteamientos de las empresas navieras chilenas, respecto de la
+reciprocidad en materia de recuperacioÌ?n del Impuesto al Valor Agregado
+(IVA), ya que dichas empresas lo estaÌ?n pagando en MeÌ?xico, sobre los
+servicios de puerto y carga para las importaciones, sin que puedan
+recuperarlo. En cambio, en Chile, las empresas navieras mexicanas tienen
+derecho a recuperar el impuesto equivalente, lo cual demuestra que nuestro
+paiÌ?s, en esta materia, se encuentra en una posicioÌ?n desfavorable.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular, don Juan Gabriel ValdeÌ?s explicoÌ? que el tema de
+tributos internos de los paiÌ?ses estaÌ? excluido del Tratado (artiÌ?culo 19-05)
+y cualquier modificacioÌ?n al respecto pasa por enmendar cada ley interna, a
+lo cual el senÌ?or Canciller agregoÌ? que el problema estaÌ? dado porque nuestra
+legislacioÌ?n permite recuperar el IVA, cuestioÌ?n que la ley mexicana no hace
+procedente.
+
+
+ Sobre este mismo asunto, el H. Senador senÌ?or MartiÌ?nez llamoÌ? la
+atencioÌ?n de que este problema puede frenar muchas actividades, toda vez que
+las empresas chilenas quedan en una situacioÌ?n desmedrada, por lo que
+solicitoÌ? formalmente al senÌ?or Ministro y al senÌ?or Director General de
+Relaciones EconoÌ?micas Internacionales de la CancilleriÌ?a, que se estudie
+este tema, porque si la idea es incrementar el intercambio, la situacioÌ?n
+enunciada detendraÌ? el desarrollo de una actividad en que debiera operarse
+en igualdad de condiciones.
+
+
+ Posteriormente, el H. Senador senÌ?or ValdeÌ?s expresoÌ? que en materia de
+solucioÌ?n de controversias -tema poco desarrollado en el caso del Mercosur-
+en este Tratado hay normas precisas que haraÌ?n maÌ?s expedito el arreglo de
+los conflictos.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, recalcoÌ? que queda absolutamente claro que el problema
+de las bandas de precio es una facultad de cada paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ En otro orden de cosas, le parece interesante que en el Tratado se
+establezca que, por ejemplo, en materia de radiodifusioÌ?n sonora de libre
+recepcioÌ?n soÌ?lo puedan ser titulares de concesioÌ?n de servicios personas
+juriÌ?dicas constituidas en Chile y con domicilio en el paiÌ?s y que los
+representantes legales deban ser chilenos; que la produccioÌ?n de energiÌ?a
+nuclear con fines paciÌ?ficos soÌ?lo pueda llevarse a cabo por la ComisioÌ?n
+Chilena de EnergiÌ?a Nuclear o, con su autorizacioÌ?n, en forma conjunta con
+terceras personas; que el propietario de todo diario, revista o escrito
+perioÌ?dico con direccioÌ?n editorial en Chile, deba ser chileno con domicilio
+y residencia en el paiÌ?s, y que el medio deba tener un Director responsable
+chileno con domicilio y residencia en Chile, etc.
+
+
+ Lo anterior, en su concepto, permitiraÌ? que nuestra autoridad nacional
+pueda fiscalizar esas actividades efectivamente.
+
+
+ EstaÌ? de acuerdo, ademaÌ?s, que en la lista de reservas de Chile se
+contemple la facultad de adoptar o mantener cualquier medida que otorgue
+derechos o preferencias a las minoriÌ?as social o econoÌ?micamente en
+desventaja.
+
+
+ En otro orden de cosas, el H. Senador senÌ?or ValdeÌ?s senÌ?aloÌ? que le
+llamaba la atencioÌ?n que MeÌ?xico establezca que soÌ?lo sus nacionales pueden
+ser propietarios de tierra destinada para propoÌ?sitos agriÌ?colas, ganaderos o
+forestales, en circunstancias que en Chile no existen tales restricciones.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n subrayoÌ? la exclusividad que MeÌ?xico otorga a sus nacionales
+para prestar servicios meÌ?dicos al personal de empresas mexicanas y para
+proporcionar el servicio de transporte urbano.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el H. Senador senÌ?or MartiÌ?nez indicoÌ? que los
+inversionistas chilenos o sus inversiones soÌ?lo podraÌ?n adquirir hasta un 49%
+de la participacioÌ?n en empresas establecidas o por establecerse en
+territorio mexicano, que se dediquen a determinadas actividades, tales como
+la venta de explosivos, la prestacioÌ?n de servicios telefoÌ?nicos, etc. Sobre
+el particular, el senÌ?or Canciller aclaroÌ? que se trata de restricciones
+generales establecidas en la legislacioÌ?n mexicana.
+
+
+ El mismo senÌ?or Senador expresoÌ? que le pareciÌ?a muy interesante la
+mencioÌ?n que hace el Tratado sobre la seguridad nacional, en cuanto no
+obliga a los Estados a ejecutar acciones que atenten contra ella.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el H. Senador senÌ?or ValdeÌ?s precisoÌ? que quedaba claro que
+este Tratado de Libre Comercio no estaÌ? hecho en el marco de la ALADI,
+luego, las medidas o acuerdos que se adopten para la implementacioÌ?n del
+mismo habraÌ?n de ser sometidas a la consideracioÌ?n del Congreso Nacional
+cuando incidan en materias propias de ley, en conformidad con lo dispuesto
+en la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+ ----------
+
+
+
+ VOTACION DEL PROYECTO DE ACUERDO
+
+
+ Vuestra ComisioÌ?n, una vez analizadas las diversas normas del Tratado
+en informe, asiÌ? como sus anexos y apeÌ?ndices, y teniendo presente que se
+crea una soÌ?lida y profunda zona de libre comercio entre Chile y los Estados
+Unidos Mexicanos, y se acrecienta y refuerza normativamente la expansioÌ?n
+del intercambio comercial mutuo, acogioÌ? la iniciativa que tuviÌ?steis a bien
+encomendar a su estudio, en general y particular.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, vuestra ComisioÌ?n de Relaciones Exteriores tiene el
+honor de proponeros, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Chadwick, Gazmuri, MartiÌ?nez y ValdeÌ?s, que aprobeÌ?is el
+proyecto de acuerdo en informe en los mismos teÌ?rminos en que lo hizo la
+Honorable CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+
+ ---------
+
+
+
+ Acordado en sesioÌ?n de fecha 11 de mayo de 1999, con
+asistencia de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Gabriel ValdeÌ?s Subercaseaux
+(Presidente), AndreÌ?s Chadwick PinÌ?era, Jaime Gazmuri Mujica, Jorge MartiÌ?nez
+Busch y Sergio Romero Pizarro.
+
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 14 de mayo de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SERGIO SEPULVEDA GUMUCIO
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+ INDICE
+
+
+ PaÌ?gina
+
+
+Cuestiones de Orden General ........... 1
+
+
+
+Antecedentes .......................... 2
+
+
+ - Mensaje ............................. 2
+
+
+
+ - ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica ............... 15
+
+
+
+
+
+ III. Contenido Fundamental del Instrumento
+
+ Internacional Objeto del Proyecto de
+
+ Acuerdo ............................... 16
+
+
+
+ - PreaÌ?mbulo ........................... 16
+
+
+
+ - Primera Parte. Aspectos Generales ... 16
+
+
+
+ - Segunda Parte. Comercio de Bienes ... 17
+
+
+
+ - Tercera Parte. Normas TeÌ?cnicas ...... 29
+
+
+
+ - Cuarta Parte. InversioÌ?n, Servicios
+
+ y Asuntos Relacionados .............. 34
+
+
+
+ - Quinta Parte. Propiedad Intelectual.. 50
+
+
+
+ - Sexta Parte. Disposiciones
+
+ Institucionales Administrativas ..... 52
+
+
+
+ - Anexo I. Reservas en relacioÌ?n con
+
+ medidas existentes y compromisos
+
+ de liberalizacioÌ?n ................... 60
+
+
+
+ - Anexo II. Reservas en relacioÌ?n con
+
+ medidas futuras ..................... 62
+
+
+
+ - Anexo III. Actividades reservadas
+
+ al Estado ........................... 62
+
+
+
+ - Anexo IV. Excepciones al trato de
+
+ nacioÌ?n maÌ?s favorecida ............... 62
+
+
+
+ - Anexo V. Restricciones
+
+ cuantitativas ....................... 63
+
+
+
+ - Anexo VI. Compromisos futuros ...... 63
+
+
+
+
+
+ PaÌ?gina
+
+
+
+
+
+ DiscusioÌ?n ............................. 63
+
+
+
+
+
+ VotacioÌ?n del Proyecto de Acuerdo ...... 72
+
+
+
+Asistencia ............................ 73
+
+
+
+Indice ................................ 74
+
+
+
+ResenÌ?a ................................ 76
+
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A
+
+
+
+
+
+ I. BOLETIN Nº: 2257-10.
+
+
+
+
+
+ II. MATERIA: Proyecto de acuerdo, en segundo traÌ?mite constitucional,
+ sobre aprobacioÌ?n del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la RepuÌ?blica de
+ Chile y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, sus anexos y apeÌ?ndices, suscrito
+ en Santiago, Chile, el 17 de abril de 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+ III. ORIGEN: Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+
+
+ IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Segundo.
+
+
+
+
+
+ V. APROBACION POR LA CAMARA DE DIPUTADOS: UnaÌ?nime.
+
+
+
+
+
+ VI. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: 07.04.99.
+
+
+
+
+
+ VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Primer informe.
+
+
+
+
+
+ VIII. URGENCIA: No tiene.
+
+
+
+
+
+ IX. LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA MATERIA: -----
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+ X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO: ArtiÌ?culo uÌ?nico en el que se
+ propone la aprobacioÌ?n del Tratado, sus anexos y apeÌ?ndices.
+
+
+
+
+
+ XI. PRINCIPAL OBJETIVO DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISION:
+ Establecer una zona de libre comercio entre Chile y MeÌ?xico, de
+ conformidad con las disposiciones de la OrganizacioÌ?n Mundial del
+ Comercio (OMC) y con el Tratado de Montevideo de 1980.
+
+
+
+
+
+ XII. NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL: Las del Nº 2 del anexo 9-10, en la
+ medida en que modifican, para los efectos de este Tratado, el monto y
+ plazo maÌ?ximo del encaje que puede disponer el Banco Central de Chile,
+ en conformidad con los artiÌ?culos 49, Nº 2, y 50, de la ley Nº 18.840,
+ OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional del Banco, deben ser aprobadas por las cuatro
+ seÌ?ptimas partes de los senÌ?ores Senadores en ejercicio, seguÌ?n lo
+ dispuesto en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 63 de la ConstitucioÌ?n
+ PoliÌ?tica, en relacioÌ?n con lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 97 de la
+ Carta Fundamental.
+
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que por la indivisibilidad de la votacioÌ?n en el
+ traÌ?mite de aprobacioÌ?n o rechazo de los acuerdos internacionales, la
+ decisioÌ?n del H. Senado sobre este Tratado debe adoptarse con quoÌ?rum
+ orgaÌ?nico constitucional.
+
+
+
+
+
+ XIII. ACUERDOS: Aprobado por unanimidad. (4-0).
+
+
+
+
+
+ ValparaiÌ?so, 14 de mayo de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SERGIO SEPULVEDA GUMUCIO
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+ BOLETIN Nº 2279-08.
+
+
+
+ INFORME DE LAS COMISIONES DE
+ ECONOMIÌ?A Y DE MINERIA Y ENERGIA, UNIDAS, recaiÌ?do en
+ el proyecto de ley, en segundo traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, que modifica la ley Nº 18.410,
+ OrgaÌ?nica de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+ Combustibles, y el D.F.L. Nº 1, de 1982, de MineriÌ?a,
+ Ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, con el objeto
+ de Fortalecer el ReÌ?gimen de FiscalizacioÌ?n del
+ Sector.
+
+
+
+
+
+Honorable Senado:
+
+
+
+ Vuestras Comisiones de EconomiÌ?a y de MineriÌ?a y
+EnergiÌ?a, Unidas, tienen el honor de informaros el proyecto de ley, en
+segundo traÌ?mite constitucional, individualizado en el rubro, originado en
+Mensaje de S.E. el Vicepresidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que el Primer Mandatario ha hecho
+presente la urgencia para el despacho de esta iniciativa, con calificacioÌ?n
+de "discusioÌ?n inmediata", en todos sus traÌ?mites.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Cabe dejar constancia de que el artiÌ?culo 19,
+contenido en el numeral 10) del ARTIÌ?CULO 1º, es materia de ley orgaÌ?nica
+constitucional y requiere para su aprobacioÌ?n de quoÌ?rum especial, de
+conformidad con lo dispuesto en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 63 de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Es dable senÌ?alar, asimismo, que a traveÌ?s de oficios
+Nºs 2216, de 16 de diciembre de 1998, y 93-99, de 29 de abril de 1999, se
+consultoÌ? a la Excma. Corte Suprema en relacioÌ?n con el artiÌ?culo 19 del
+numeral 10 del ARTIÌ?CULO 1º, en cumplimiento de lo preceptuado en el
+artiÌ?culo 74 de la Carta Fundamental, constando las respuestas del maÌ?ximo
+tribunal en los oficios Nºs 343 y 452, de fechas 7 de abril y 3 de mayo de
+1999, respectivamente.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ A algunas de las sesiones en que se consideroÌ? este
+proyecto asistieron, ademaÌ?s de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, los
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Edgardo Boeninger Kausel, Carlos Bombal Otaegui,
+Fernando Cordero Rusque, Jaime Gazmuri Mujica, Mario RiÌ?os Santander y
+Sergio Romero Pizarro.
+
+
+
+ En
+relacioÌ?n con esta iniciativa de ley vuestras Comisiones Unidas escucharon
+los planteamientos del senÌ?or Ministro Secretario General de la Presidencia,
+don John Biehl, del senÌ?or Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, don Jorge Leiva, del senÌ?or
+Ministro Presidente de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, don Oscar
+Landerretche, del senÌ?or Subsecretario de EconomiÌ?a, don Luis SaÌ?nchez, del
+senÌ?or Superintendente de Electricidad y Combustibles don Juan Pablo
+Lorenzini, del Jefe de la DivisioÌ?n JuriÌ?dica del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, don
+Enrique SepuÌ?lveda, y de los abogados del Ministerio SecretariÌ?a General de
+la Presidencia, senÌ?ora Susana Rioseco y senÌ?or Carlos Carmona.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Concurrieron asimismo,
+especialmente invitados, don Jaime BauzaÌ?, Gerente General de la Empresa
+Nacional de Electricidad S.A.; don Juan Antonio GuzmaÌ?n, Gerente General de
+Gener S.A.; don Francisco Javier Courbis, Gerente General de ColbuÌ?n
+Machicura S.A, y don Ives Jourdan, representante de la misma empresa
+eleÌ?ctrica; don Guillermo Espinosa, Gerente General de la CompanÌ?iÌ?a Nacional
+de TransmisioÌ?n EleÌ?ctrica S.A.; don Juan Valenzuela, en representacioÌ?n de
+CHILECTRA S.A., don Marcos BuÌ?chi, Gerente General de CHILQUINTA ENERGIÌ?A S.
+A.; don Rafael Salas, Gerente General de la AsociacioÌ?n de Empresas de
+Servicio PuÌ?blico; don RauÌ?l de la Puente, Presidente de la AgrupacioÌ?n
+Nacional de Empleados Fiscales; el Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de
+Funcionarios de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, don
+Luis Alberto Coulon, y los directores de dicha entidad gremial, senÌ?ores
+Ximena Castillo, Fresia Arcos y Alvaro Escobar, y don Renato Agurto, en su
+calidad de experto en el tema.
+
+
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1.1.1.1.1.1
+
+1.1.1.1.1.2 ANTECEDENTES
+
+
+
+ De Hecho
+
+
+
+
+
+ Para el estudio de la
+iniciativa legal en informe se han tenido en consideracioÌ?n, especialmente,
+los siguientes antecedentes:
+
+
+ El Mensaje de S.E. el Vicepresidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica, con el cual se inicioÌ? este proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ El referido Mensaje senÌ?ala, en su parte expositiva,
+que el Gobierno, atendiendo a las consideraciones expuestas en aqueÌ?l, y
+considerando las graves consecuencias que, tanto para la poblacioÌ?n como
+para el sector productivo, produce la falta de suministro eleÌ?ctrico, ha
+resuelto proponer una iniciativa legal que permita fortalecer el reÌ?gimen de
+fiscalizacioÌ?n actualmente vigente para el sector eleÌ?ctrico.
+
+
+
+ Agrega que la energiÌ?a
+eleÌ?ctrica se caracteriza por ser un insumo de numerosas actividades
+productivas, no almacenable, y que por este hecho su produccioÌ?n debe
+ajustarse simultaÌ?neamente a la demanda. De tales caracteriÌ?sticas emana la
+necesidad de coordinacioÌ?n entre las distintas centrales generadoras,
+transmisoras y distribuidoras, a fin de que la demanda esteÌ? permanentemente
+satisfecha y no exista una sobre oferta.
+
+
+ En nuestro paiÌ?s existe un mecanismo de coordinacioÌ?n
+al que deben someterse las centrales generadoras, las liÌ?neas de transporte
+y las distribuidoras que funcionan interconectadas entre siÌ?.
+
+
+ Este sistema, continuÌ?a el Mensaje, opera sobre la
+base de que las entidades propietarias de las instalaciones deben
+constituir, en cada sistema eleÌ?ctrico, un organismo de coordinacioÌ?n y
+operacioÌ?n, denominado Centro de Despacho EconoÌ?mico de Carga (CDEC),
+conforme a la reglamentacioÌ?n que los rige. Cada CDEC planifica la
+operacioÌ?n de corto plazo del sistema, calcula los costos marginales
+instantaÌ?neos de energiÌ?a, coordina la mantencioÌ?n preventiva, verifica el
+cumplimiento de los programas de operacioÌ?n, y determina y valoriza la
+transferencia de electricidad entre los actores del respectivo sistema.
+
+
+ Constituye, por tanto, el organismo encargado de
+determinar la operacioÌ?n del conjunto de centrales generadoras, liÌ?neas de
+transporte y demaÌ?s instalaciones interconectadas a un determinado sistema
+eleÌ?ctrico, de modo que el costo del abastecimiento eleÌ?ctrico sea el miÌ?nimo
+posible, compatible con una seguridad y calidad prefijadas.
+
+
+ Luego, S.E. el Vicepresidente de la RepuÌ?blica
+informa que el mercado eleÌ?ctrico estaÌ? segmentado entre la funcioÌ?n de
+generacioÌ?n, la de transporte y la de distribucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ No obstante, soÌ?lo la actividad de distribucioÌ?n
+requiere obligatoriamente una concesioÌ?n para operar; en cambio, los
+generadores y transmisores pueden pedir una concesioÌ?n soÌ?lo si lo desean,
+pero ella no es un tiÌ?tulo para operar, sino que es un tiÌ?tulo para obtener
+privilegios, como el de imponer servidumbres.
+
+
+ Sin embargo, continuÌ?a el Mensaje, toda la actividad
+de produccioÌ?n o generacioÌ?n, asiÌ? como la de transmisioÌ?n, estaÌ?n sujetas a un
+marco regulatorio que les es obligatorio, independientemente de la
+existencia de una concesioÌ?n. En efecto, el artiÌ?culo 1º del decreto con
+fuerza de ley Nº 1, de 1982, de MineriÌ?a, dispone que "la produccioÌ?n, el
+transporte, la distribucioÌ?n, el reÌ?gimen de concesiones y tarifas de la
+energiÌ?a eleÌ?ctrica y las funciones del Estado relacionadas con estas
+materias se regiraÌ?n por la presente ley", mientras que diversas otras
+normas del mismo cuerpo legal hacen expliÌ?cita esta sujecioÌ?n de toda la
+actividad eleÌ?ctrica a la regulacioÌ?n legal y reglamentaria. La actividad es,
+de este modo, especialmente disciplinada en su totalidad.
+
+
+ Ahora bien, precisa, en el caso de la distribucioÌ?n
+de electricidad se requiere de un tiÌ?tulo habilitante otorgado por el
+Estado, esto es, una concesioÌ?n de servicio puÌ?blico de distribucioÌ?n. La
+concesioÌ?n de distribucioÌ?n, pues, estaÌ? concebida como un servicio puÌ?blico y
+no es, por tanto, una actividad privada ciento por ciento. En tal sentido,
+estaÌ? sujeta a las caracteriÌ?sticas propias de los servicios puÌ?blicos.
+
+
+ Dicha condicioÌ?n obedece, en primer lugar, a una
+razoÌ?n histoÌ?rica, ya que fue el Estado el que inicioÌ? la electrificacioÌ?n del
+paiÌ?s. AdemaÌ?s, es una actividad que al ente estatal le interesa regular y
+controlar, porque el suministro eleÌ?ctrico es considerado un servicio baÌ?sico
+o de utilidad puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Por el motivo expresado, reafirma, dicha actividad
+opera bajo la forma de un servicio puÌ?blico, pero no en el sentido de un
+oÌ?rgano integrante de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado, sino como una actividad
+destinada a satisfacer necesidades puÌ?blicas de manera regular y continua.
+
+
+ Destaca, luego, que la prestacioÌ?n de todo servicio
+puÌ?blico tiene ciertos principios comunes, a saber, debe ser continuada;
+debe ser cumplida de manera regular, es decir, se debe otorgar conforme a
+las reglas, normas y condiciones que hayan sido preestablecidas para ese
+fin o a las que le sean aplicables, y debe ser uniforme o igual, lo que
+implica que todos los posibles usuarios de un servicio puÌ?blico tienen
+derecho a exigir y recibir las prestaciones que eÌ?ste otorgue, en igualdad
+de condiciones.
+
+
+ La igualdad a que estaÌ? sujeto todo servicio puÌ?blico
+en su prestacioÌ?n trae dos importantes consecuencias, que son la generalidad
+y la obligatoriedad.
+
+
+ En cuanto a la actividad reguladora del Estado, el
+Mensaje explica que las Superintendencias deben velar porque la actuacioÌ?n
+de entes que comprometen el intereÌ?s puÌ?blico se desarrolle dentro de ciertos
+paraÌ?metros previamente definidos, de modo que no incurran en abusos que
+perjudiquen gravemente a terceros o cometan infracciones al ordenamiento
+juriÌ?dico.
+
+
+ La ley, agrega, inviste a las Superintendencias de
+variadas potestades, principalmente, la fiscalizadora y la sancionatoria.
+
+
+ Posteriormente, S.E. el Vicepresidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica destaca que la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles
+juega un rol protagoÌ?nico en este sector econoÌ?mico. Ella es un servicio
+puÌ?blico descentralizado, que se relaciona con el Gobierno por intermedio
+del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a.
+
+
+ El propoÌ?sito baÌ?sico de la Superintendencia, anÌ?ade,
+es fiscalizar y supervigilar el cumplimiento de las disposiciones legales y
+reglamentarias y normas teÌ?cnicas sobre generacioÌ?n, produccioÌ?n,
+almacenamiento, transporte y distribucioÌ?n de combustibles liÌ?quidos, gas y
+electricidad; verificar que la calidad de los servicios que se presten a
+los usuarios sea la senÌ?alada en dichas disposiciones y normas teÌ?cnicas, y
+que las antes citadas operaciones y el uso de los recursos energeÌ?ticos no
+constituyan peligro para las personas o cosas.
+
+
+ Respecto a sus facultades, cabe destacar que la
+Superintendencia puede requerir de los concesionarios la adecuacioÌ?n de la
+calidad del servicio a las exigencias legales. TambieÌ?n puede amonestar,
+multar e incluso administrar provisionalmente el servicio, si la calidad de
+eÌ?ste es reiteradamente ineficiente. AdemaÌ?s, puede fiscalizar las
+instalaciones y servicios eleÌ?ctricos, y requerir los datos teÌ?cnicos para el
+cumplimiento de sus funciones, asiÌ? como la comparecencia y exhibicioÌ?n de
+documentos.
+
+
+ Similares atribuciones le competen en relacioÌ?n con
+las actividades de generacioÌ?n y transmisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Sin embargo, remarca el Mensaje, las multas que
+puede aplicar la Superintendencia van de 1 a 500 UTM, resultando a todas
+luces insuficientes para lograr los propoÌ?sitos de una sancioÌ?n de esta
+naturaleza, frente a las empresas que fiscaliza.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, subraya, dichos montos no son equivalentes a
+los que infracciones semejantes pueden traer aparejados en otros servicios
+concesionados, como, por ejemplo, los sanitarios.
+
+
+ Acto seguido, recuerda que el decreto con fuerza de
+ley Nº 1, de 1982, de MineriÌ?a, Ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos,
+establece la obligacioÌ?n de interconexioÌ?n y el deber de coordinacioÌ?n de la
+operacioÌ?n de las instalaciones eleÌ?ctricas interconectadas, con el fin de
+preservar la seguridad del servicio en el sistema eleÌ?ctrico y garantizar la
+operacioÌ?n maÌ?s econoÌ?mica del sistema.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, tambieÌ?n senÌ?ala que el suministro de
+electricidad, como servicio de utilidad puÌ?blica esencial para la poblacioÌ?n,
+estaÌ? legalmente sujeto a exigencias especiales en su prestacioÌ?n. Entre
+eÌ?stas, la continuidad del servicio es una de las exigencias baÌ?sicas que la
+ley establece, al imponer a todos los concesionarios de servicio puÌ?blico el
+deber de mantener las instalaciones en buen estado, y de ajustar el
+servicio que proporcionan a los estaÌ?ndares de calidad que se fijen conforme
+a ella.
+
+
+ AnÌ?ade que la obligacioÌ?n de los concesionarios de
+prestar el servicio en continuidad constituye para los usuarios de
+servicios eleÌ?ctricos el derecho a la exigibilidad y disponibilidad de un
+bien que en la vida moderna es indispensable para la actividad cotidiana de
+los ciudadanos.
+
+
+ Por ello, en situaciones de fallas la gente se
+pregunta hasta doÌ?nde estaÌ? protegida y coÌ?mo se sanciona a los responsables
+de las mismas.
+
+
+ Como es de puÌ?blico conocimiento, prosigue el
+Mensaje, las condiciones de sequiÌ?a que experimenta el paiÌ?s, unidas al
+retraso en la operacioÌ?n de algunas centrales teÌ?rmicas que debiÌ?an integrarse
+al parque generador de electricidad, determinaron una situacioÌ?n de deÌ?ficit
+en el sistema interconectado central.
+
+
+ Lo anterior llevoÌ? a la autoridad a establecer el
+reÌ?gimen de racionamiento a partir del 13 de noviembre pasado, conforme lo
+preveÌ? la Ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, en su artiÌ?culo 99 bis.
+
+
+ Bajo el reÌ?gimen de racionamiento, continuÌ?a, las
+empresas estaÌ?n autorizadas para programar cortes de suministro a sus
+usuarios, conforme a la programacioÌ?n de la operacioÌ?n que efectuÌ?e al
+respectivo CDEC, considerando las proyecciones del deÌ?ficit y manteniendo la
+seguridad global del sistema.
+
+
+ No obstante, subraya el Mensaje, bajo las
+condiciones deficitarias imperantes se han transmitido senÌ?ales
+contradictorias por parte de las empresas involucradas, tanto en cuanto a
+su deÌ?ficit real, como en cuanto a quieÌ?n debe soportar el costo del
+racionamiento.
+
+
+ Adicionalmente, ha resultado enormemente difiÌ?cil
+imponer un cierto orden en la actividad del CDEC, asiÌ? como la obtencioÌ?n de
+informacioÌ?n oportuna y veraz.
+
+
+ En tanto, destaca el Ejecutivo, los cortes de
+suministro han implicado un costo enorme para la sociedad toda, tanto para
+la poblacioÌ?n como para el sector industrial y productivo en general, cuya
+compensacioÌ?n por las empresas deficitarias, de la forma que ordena la ley y
+el decreto de racionamiento, no aparece clara en este momento.
+
+
+ De esta forma, anÌ?ade, al tenor de las experiencias
+vividas, se ha constatado que la normativa vigente en materia de
+fiscalizacioÌ?n es insuficiente, lo que incide tanto en el ejercicio de las
+facultades de acceso a informacioÌ?n por parte de la autoridad, como de sus
+facultades sancionadoras. Estas uÌ?ltimas, afirma, son manifiestamente
+inferiores en su cuantiÌ?a, tanto en relacioÌ?n con el danÌ?o producido a la
+poblacioÌ?n, como a su real efecto represivo y correctivo de las
+irregularidades en que incurran las empresas del sector.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, S.E. el Vicepresidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica expresa que el proyecto de ley que se somete a la consideracioÌ?n
+del Congreso Nacional pretende otorgar al organismo fiscalizador en materia
+eleÌ?ctrica, herramientas maÌ?s eficaces que las actuales. Estas consisten,
+baÌ?sicamente, en el fortalecimiento de su acceso a la informacioÌ?n y el
+aumento de las multas a los responsables de la interrupcioÌ?n del suministro.
+
+
+ Las facultades que el proyecto pretende consagrar,
+anÌ?ade el Mensaje, no innovan radicalmente en el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico, pues
+cuentan con ellas la mayoriÌ?a de las Superintendencias que hoy diÌ?a existen.
+Desde esta perspectiva, concluye, el proyecto no hace maÌ?s que extender
+estas facultades a la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles.
+
+
+
+ Legales y Reglamentarios
+
+
+
+ 1.- La ley Nº 18.410, que crea la Superintendencia
+de Electricidad y Combustibles.
+
+
+ 2.- El decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 1, de 1982, del
+Ministerio de MineriÌ?a, Ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos.
+
+
+ 3.- El decreto supremo Nº 327, de 1997, del
+Ministerio de MineriÌ?a, que fija el Reglamento de la Ley General de
+Servicios EleÌ?ctricos.
+
+
+ 4.- La ley Nº 19.148, que sustituye Plantas de
+Personal de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ DISCUSION GENERAL
+
+
+
+ En forma previa al comienzo de la discusioÌ?n la H.
+Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei hizo presente a los representantes del Ejecutivo su
+opinioÌ?n en cuanto a la conveniencia de desglosar el proyecto en informe, de
+manera de tratar dentro del plazo de la urgencia asignada al mismo soÌ?lo
+aquellos artiÌ?culos que contribuyan efectivamente a paliar los efectos de la
+crisis energeÌ?tica, postergando durante un lapso prudente la discusioÌ?n de
+las normas que no incidan directamente en el manejo de la crisis, porque es
+poco adecuado, a su juicio, analizar con tanta premura disposiciones de tal
+importancia, lo que conduciraÌ? a que en el Congreso Nacional se legisle mal,
+por la urgencia del plazo de que se dispone.
+
+
+
+ Al iniciarse el debate de la iniciativa el senÌ?or
+Ministro Presidente de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a explicoÌ? que el
+proyecto recoge cuatro aÌ?reas prioritarias en el perfeccionamiento del marco
+regulatorio del sector eleÌ?ctrico, que son las cruciales desde el punto de
+vista del manejo de la crisis presente y de cualquiera que se plantee en el
+futuro. No se trata de una iniciativa que aborde todos los temas posibles
+en el perfeccionamiento del marco regulatorio, sostuvo, ya que no se
+refiere a otros aspectos, como el de los incentivos para el uso eficiente
+de la energiÌ?a eleÌ?ctrica, por ejemplo, ni temas institucionales, etc. ya que
+se circunscribe a aquellos que el Ejecutivo considera urgentes a objeto de
+fortalecer los instrumentos para manejar la crisis.
+
+
+ Hizo notar que los cuatro temas dicen relacioÌ?n con
+las atribuciones que la Superintendencia requiere para poder actuar sobre
+los regulados de manera oportuna, por ejemplo obteniendo informacioÌ?n,
+supervisando el cumplimiento de las normas, o fiscalizando; con la
+posibilidad de incrementar las sanciones a fin de que tengan mayor
+efectividad para obtener el cumplimiento de las normas; con la posibilidad
+de poner un costo al racionamiento, con medidas de compensacioÌ?n a los
+usuarios, y con la entrega de un conjunto de elementos a la
+Superintendencia, que le permitan contar con los recursos humanos
+apropiados para enfrentar los desafiÌ?os actuales, que requieren de personal
+teÌ?cnico en aÌ?reas en que la Superintendencia no teniÌ?a tradicioÌ?n de
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, como son las de generacioÌ?n y transmisioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ? que por razones de consistencia del proyecto
+y del desarrollo del debate durante la discusioÌ?n parlamentaria, se ha hecho
+necesario tambieÌ?n introducir modificaciones en algunas normas como
+consecuencia de las enmiendas efectuadas en otras.
+
+
+
+ El senÌ?or Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, por su parte, se
+refirioÌ? a los aspectos centrales de la iniciativa, destacando que fuera de
+algunos temas de ajuste que apuntan a dar consistencia a las normas legales
+y a precisar algunos puntos para armonizar la ley orgaÌ?nica de la
+Superintendencia con la ley general de servicios eleÌ?ctricos, lo esencial de
+la iniciativa estaÌ?, en primer teÌ?rmino, en la ampliacioÌ?n de las facultades
+de obtencioÌ?n de informacioÌ?n por la Superintendencia, para lo cual se
+plantean varios mecanismos, como por ejemplo las auditoriÌ?as que puede
+solicitar, etc., que aspiran a que la Superintendencia cuente con todos los
+instrumentos que le permitan acceder a informacioÌ?n confiable sobre los
+hechos acerca de los cuales tiene que formarse opinioÌ?n en cumplimiento de
+sus funciones legales. Esto llevariÌ?a aparejado el establecer disposiciones
+que obliguen a los funcionarios de la Superintendencia a guardar reserva
+respecto de la informacioÌ?n privada.
+
+
+ En segundo lugar, el proyecto se refiere al tema de
+las multas, las que hasta el momento cuando se han impuesto no se han
+enterado y por tanto no han constituido ninguna disuasioÌ?n para las empresas
+que han incurrido en infracciones, por lo cual se tipifican en eÌ?l las
+distintas infracciones haciendo una gradualidad de las sanciones y elevando
+el monto de las multas, y se regula el recurso de ilegalidad ante las
+Cortes de Apelaciones, estableciendo la consignacioÌ?n previa al recurso en
+el 50% del monto de la sancioÌ?n, fijando un plazo total de 30 diÌ?as para el
+fallo del recurso de ilegalidad.
+
+
+ En tercer lugar, la iniciativa regula el tema de las
+compensaciones. Las infracciones producen danÌ?o al usuario, y se contemplan
+normas sobre las compensaciones a que los usuarios tienen derecho en tal
+caso. Se plantean dos situaciones, la de la suspensioÌ?n o interrupcioÌ?n no
+autorizada del suministro eleÌ?ctrico, caso en el cual la empresa causante
+queda obligada a indemnizar al usuario en el doble de la energiÌ?a no
+suministrada. Si la suspensioÌ?n provocara beneficio econoÌ?mico al responsable
+habriÌ?a, ademaÌ?s, una compensacioÌ?n equivalente al doble del beneficio
+obtenido por el responsable. La segunda de las situaciones dice relacioÌ?n
+con la compensacioÌ?n en caso de racionamiento, caso en que el proyecto
+plantea modificar el actual artiÌ?culo 99 bis de la Ley General de Servicios
+EleÌ?ctricos, en el sentido de que la compensacioÌ?n opera a todo evento, ya
+que las situaciones de sequiÌ?a o las fallas de centrales termoeleÌ?ctricas
+que originen un deÌ?ficit de generacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica que determine la aplicacioÌ?n
+de un decreto de racionamiento en ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n ser consideradas como
+fuerza mayor o caso fortuito. El senÌ?or Ministro senÌ?aloÌ?, ademaÌ?s, que el
+artiÌ?culo 99 bis que se propone en la iniciativa en informe faculta para
+dictar un decreto de racionamiento no soÌ?lo cuando se ha producido el
+deÌ?ficit, sino cuando existe la posibilidad de que ello ocurra. El decreto
+de racionamiento podraÌ? asimismo contener medidas que la autoridad estime
+convenientes para enfrentar la situacioÌ?n, particularmente en cuanto a
+promover el ahorro de energiÌ?a y al establecimiento de un racionamiento
+parejo a traveÌ?s del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+
+ Las distintas empresas e invitados que concurrieron
+a las sesiones que celebraron las Comisiones Unidas a expresar sus puntos
+de vista respecto de la iniciativa hicieron entrega de documentos que dan
+cuenta por escrito de sus opiniones, los que por su dilatada extensioÌ?n se
+acompanÌ?an como anexo al presente informe.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Novoa senÌ?aloÌ? que votariÌ?a en
+contra el proyecto de ley en informe, puesto que se ha obligado por el
+Ejecutivo a discutir con caraÌ?cter de discusioÌ?n inmediata una iniciativa que
+no tiene, en su opinioÌ?n, relacioÌ?n directa con la solucioÌ?n de la emergencia.
+
+
+ ExpresoÌ?, asimismo, que el proyecto introduce cambios
+muy profundos en el sistema eleÌ?ctrico, los que pueden provocar
+consecuencias negativas en el largo plazo, lo que, sin perjuicio de la
+necesidad de introducir modificaciones al sistema, por la forma
+extremadamente apresurada en que el Ejecutivo ha obligado a los Senadores a
+tratar la iniciativa, lo mueve a rechazarla.
+
+
+ ObservoÌ?, finalmente, que existen problemas de
+constitucionalidad en el proyecto, los que, mientras no sean corregidos,
+determinan su votacioÌ?n en contra del mismo.
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Zurita, por su parte, manifestoÌ?
+que en atencioÌ?n a que en virtud del llamado capitalismo popular es
+accionista de ENDESA, se abstendriÌ?a en la votacioÌ?n en general de la
+iniciativa en informe.
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador NuÌ?nÌ?ez comunicoÌ? su voluntad para
+revisar con detencioÌ?n en la discusioÌ?n particular todos los aspectos del
+proyecto que merezcan dudas, destacando que en los uÌ?ltimos meses ha habido
+una grave crisis en un servicio que es esencial para la poblacioÌ?n, y ha
+quedado de manifiesto que existe deÌ?ficit de regulacioÌ?n en el aÌ?rea.
+
+
+ DestacoÌ?, igualmente, que en su opinioÌ?n las normas
+contenidas en la iniciativa no deberiÌ?an considerarse una forma para
+desincentivar la inversioÌ?n en el sector eleÌ?ctrico, y que estima que es
+completamente pertinente que un paiÌ?s como el nuestro tome, en la materia,
+todas las medidas correctivas necesarias.
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez puso de relieve que el
+proyecto de ley en informe trasciende, a su juicio, la solucioÌ?n del
+problema energeÌ?tico que afecta al paiÌ?s, y que ello obliga a analizar el
+tema en forma maÌ?s general, porque si bien hay que contar con un sistema que
+en materia de servicios puÌ?blicos facilite y permita la accioÌ?n del Estado de
+exigir el cumplimiento de la legislacioÌ?n para el logro del bien comuÌ?n,
+deben respetarse todas las garantiÌ?as que la legislacioÌ?n consagra y se debe
+constituir un sistema estable, para que las empresas privadas puedan
+planificar sus inversiones, haciendo notar que la iniciativa adolece de
+varias causales de inconstitucionalidad.
+
+
+ En efecto, senÌ?aloÌ?, se infringen las normas que
+garantizan la existencia de un debido proceso, que determinan que todo
+proceso debe ser racional y justo, y que todo oÌ?rgano que ejerce
+jurisdiccioÌ?n debe someterse a las normas del debido proceso. ApuntoÌ? que
+existe jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional que resuelve que tales
+normas tambieÌ?n se aplican en los procesos penales administrativos. Sobre el
+particular mencionoÌ? que constituyen una violacioÌ?n a las referidas normas
+las disposiciones que eliminan la posibilidad de contar con dos instancias.
+AsiÌ?, dijo, cuando el proyecto establece que el 50 % de multas, que son muy
+elevadas, debe pagarse antes de recurrir a los tribunales, se estaÌ?
+burlando, a su juicio, la regla del debido proceso, porque se estaÌ?
+obligando a cumplir una condena antes de la segunda instancia que exige la
+Carta Fundamental.
+
+
+ Asimismo, hizo notar, se contrariÌ?a la norma que
+obliga a tipificar y describir el hecho sancionado, ya que en la iniciativa
+en debate se alude a conductas en forma muy general, generando una suerte
+de ley penal en blanco.
+
+
+ Se violariÌ?a igualmente el derecho de propiedad, dado
+que el cambio del sistema en lo referente a la regulacioÌ?n que se da a la
+fuerza mayor va a producir una serie de juicios porque variÌ?a la situacioÌ?n
+econoÌ?mica y el patrimonio de las empresas debido al cambio de las reglas
+baÌ?sicas sobre las cuales ellas se establecieron.
+
+
+ El proyecto desconoceriÌ?a, ademaÌ?s, resaltoÌ?, las
+facultades que la ConstitucioÌ?n de 1980 otorga a los tribunales en el
+artiÌ?culo 20 de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica, que consagra el
+recurso de proteccioÌ?n, facultando a las Cortes de Apelaciones respectivas
+para adoptar todas las diligencias que estimen pertinentes para restablecer
+el imperio del derecho, de manera que la restriccioÌ?n que se establece en
+orden a que los tribunales no puedan decretar medida alguna para suspender
+los efectos del acto reclamado estariÌ?a en contra del espiÌ?ritu de la Ley
+Fundamental.
+
+
+ IndicoÌ? que la ConstitucioÌ?n es muy cuidadosa respecto
+de los derechos de las personas y de las perturbaciones o molestias que
+sufran y, por ende, las normas contenidas en la letra m) del nuÌ?mero 2) del
+ARTIÌ?CULO 1º, que faculta a la Superintendencia para requerir el auxilio de
+la fuerza puÌ?blica, con facultades de allanamiento y descerrajamiento, si
+fuese necesario, y la de ordenar la comparecencia y declaracioÌ?n de
+testigos, que le otorga el nuÌ?mero 3) del mismo ARTIÌ?CULO 1º, afectan la
+libertad individual; la entrega y exhibicioÌ?n de copias de libros, etc.,
+afecta a la inviolabilidad de la correspondencia. En el caso del Ministerio
+PuÌ?blico, senÌ?aloÌ? a mayor abundamiento, la ConstitucioÌ?n dispone que cualquier
+actuacioÌ?n del Ministerio que perturbe los derechos de las personas requiere
+autorizacioÌ?n judicial previa, cumpliendo el espiÌ?ritu general de nuestro
+sistema juriÌ?dico. SeriÌ?a contrario al bien comuÌ?n y al ordenamiento
+constitucional establecer un sistema que se puede prestar para abusos y que
+no cumple con las normas a que nuestra Carta Fundamental obliga.
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Parra expresoÌ? que votariÌ?a
+favorablemente la idea de legislar en la materia, por cuanto ello abre la
+posibilidad de estudiar en detalle las normas que se han presentado a
+tramitacioÌ?n legislativa.
+
+
+ RecordoÌ? que hace algunas semanas el Senado, en una
+sesioÌ?n especial destinada al anaÌ?lisis de la crisis energeÌ?tica, arriboÌ? al
+diagnoÌ?stico, unaÌ?nimemente compartido, de reconocer el deÌ?ficit normativo que
+existe en el paiÌ?s, observando que el presente proyecto de ley constituye un
+primer paso para subsanar aquella situacioÌ?n, aunque no la resuelva.
+
+
+ DestacoÌ? que a su juicio la iniciativa no rompe la
+estructura baÌ?sica del sistema eleÌ?ctrico, sino que es por el contrario un
+conjunto de disposiciones acotadas a los cuatro temas fundamentales que los
+representantes del Ejecutivo explicaron, constituyendo una herramienta para
+que el Estado pueda responder a los connacionales en una materia que es de
+bien comuÌ?n.
+
+
+ Respecto de las objeciones de constitucionalidad
+formuladas por el H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, recordoÌ? que con ocasioÌ?n de la
+tramitacioÌ?n del proyecto de ley que fortaleciÌ?a la FiscaliÌ?a Nacional
+EconoÌ?mica se establecioÌ? que el campo de accioÌ?n del Ministerio PuÌ?blico y el
+de los oÌ?rganos administrativos son distintos, de modo que no hay confusioÌ?n
+posible en la materia.
+
+
+ Sobre las objeciones especiÌ?ficas planteadas por el
+H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, consideroÌ? oportuno efectuar el debate
+correspondiente, y las correcciones pertinentes en el texto durante la
+discusioÌ?n particular, destacando que de aceptarse en forma general el
+reparo de constitucionalidad efectuado se estariÌ?a afectando todo el sistema
+sancionatorio administrativo que existe en el paiÌ?s, por lo que estima que
+dicho reparo es demasiado extenso.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sometido a votacioÌ?n en general el proyecto se
+registraron cinco votos a favor, cuatro en contra, y una abstencioÌ?n. Se
+pronunciaron a favor de aprobar en general la iniciativa los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de ambas Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra y Pizarro. En contra se pronunciaron la H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei,
+como integrante de las dos Comisiones, y los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y
+Novoa. Se abstuvo el H. Senador senÌ?or Zurita.
+
+
+ Dado que la abstencioÌ?n dejaba sin resolver el
+asunto, fue repetida la votacioÌ?n de conformidad a lo prescrito en el
+artiÌ?culo 178 del Reglamento del Senado, registraÌ?ndose igual resultado al
+transcrito precedentemente, por lo que, seguÌ?n lo dispuesto en el ya aludido
+artiÌ?culo 178 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, la abstencioÌ?n se consideroÌ?
+como favorable a la aprobacioÌ?n en general del proyecto, quedando asiÌ?
+aprobada en general la idea de legislar por seis votos contra cuatro.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ DISCUSION PARTICULAR
+
+
+ El proyecto de ley en informe consta de ocho
+artiÌ?culos permanentes y dos transitorios.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n se efectuÌ?a una relacioÌ?n de cada una
+de las disposiciones de la iniciativa, asiÌ? como de los acuerdos adoptados a
+su respecto.
+
+
+1.1.1.2 ARTIÌ?CULO 1º
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto consta de once numerales
+que introducen modificaciones a la ley Nº 18.410, que crea la
+Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 1)
+
+
+ Se compone de dos literales que introducen sendas
+enmiendas al artiÌ?culo 2º de la referida ley Nº 18.410, que se refiere al
+objeto de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, estableciendo
+que eÌ?ste seraÌ? fiscalizar y supervigilar el cumplimiento de las
+disposiciones legales y reglamentarias, y normas teÌ?cnicas sobre generacioÌ?n,
+produccioÌ?n, almacenamiento, transporte y distribucioÌ?n de combustibles
+liÌ?quidos, gas y electricidad, para verificar que la calidad de los
+servicios que se presten a los usuarios sea la senÌ?alada en dichas
+disposiciones y normas teÌ?cnicas, y que las antes citadas operaciones y el
+uso de los recursos energeÌ?ticos no constituyan peligro para las personas o
+cosas.
+
+
+ La letra a) del artiÌ?culo 1º sustituye la coma (,)
+que sigue a las palabras "gas y electricidad" por un punto y coma (;).
+
+
+ La letra b) reemplaza la expresioÌ?n "para", que
+antecede a la palabra "verificar", por la conjuncioÌ?n "y".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, en su calidad de integrante de
+ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton, como miembro de las dos Comisiones,
+Novoa, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro y Zurita, aprobaron como nuÌ?mero
+1) una norma que sustituye, en el artiÌ?culo 2º de la ley Nº 18.410, la parte
+final que dice "para verificar que la calidad de los servicios que se
+presten a los usuarios sea la senÌ?alada en dichas disposiciones y normas
+teÌ?cnicas, y que las antes citadas operaciones y el uso de los recursos
+energeÌ?ticos no constituyan peligro para las personas o cosas."., por la
+siguiente: "de conformidad a las atribuciones que le otorga la ley.".
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas dejaron constancia de que la
+nueva redaccioÌ?n dada al precepto no importa restriccioÌ?n alguna, sino que
+soÌ?lo se perfecciona la disposicioÌ?n, siendo la nueva redaccioÌ?n comprensiva
+de las atribuciones que se dan a la Superintendencia en el artiÌ?culo 3º de
+la ley Nº 18.410.
+
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+
+ Modifica el artiÌ?culo 3º de la ley Nº 18.410, que en
+treinta y cuatro numerales establece las atribuciones que corresponderaÌ?n a
+la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) Agrega, en el nuÌ?mero 13, que consagra la de
+fiscalizar en las instalaciones y servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas y de
+combustibles liÌ?quidos, el cumplimiento de las obligaciones establecidas en
+los decretos de concesioÌ?n, el siguiente paÌ?rrafo segundo, nuevo:
+
+
+ "La Superintendencia deberaÌ? llevar un archivo
+actualizado de los antecedentes relativos a las concesiones eleÌ?ctricas, de
+gas y de combustibles liÌ?quidos.".
+
+
+
+ Este literal fue aprobado, sin enmiendas, por la
+misma unanimidad consignada respecto del nuÌ?mero anterior.
+
+
+
+ b) Sustituye el paÌ?rrafo segundo del nuÌ?mero 14, que
+regula lo relativo a la sancioÌ?n por el uso indebido del distintivo que
+indica poseer el certificado de aprobacioÌ?n a que se refiere el inciso
+primero, por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Las maÌ?quinas, instrumentos, equipos, artefactos,
+aparatos y materiales que, de conformidad con la normativa vigente, deban
+sujetarse a la certificacioÌ?n prevista en el paÌ?rrafo anterior, no podraÌ?n
+comercializarse en el paiÌ?s sin contar con el respectivo certificado de
+aprobacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia podraÌ? requisar, con el auxilio
+de la fuerza puÌ?blica, la totalidad de los materiales o productos de
+cualquier procedencia que, estando obligados a obtener certificado de
+aprobacioÌ?n, sean comercializados en el paiÌ?s sin contar con eÌ?ste.
+
+
+ El certificado de aprobacioÌ?n daraÌ? derecho al uso de
+un distintivo en los productos respectivos. El uso indebido de eÌ?ste seraÌ?
+sancionado de conformidad a esta ley.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron, sin modificaciones,
+y por igual unanimidad a la consignada precedentemente, el primero y el
+tercero de los nuevos paÌ?rrafos propuestos. Respecto del segundo de ellos
+introdujo una enmienda, para sustituir la palabra "requisar" por la
+expresioÌ?n "retirar del comercio". Este acuerdo fue adoptado por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, en su calidad de integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton, como miembro de ambas Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y
+Zurita.
+
+
+
+ c) Agrega, en el nuÌ?mero 15, que otorga a la
+Superintendencia la facultad de otorgar licencias de instalador eleÌ?ctrico y
+de gas, a continuacioÌ?n del punto final (.), que pasa a ser coma (,), la
+siguiente frase:
+
+
+ "de conformidad con las normas reglamentarias
+pertinentes.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como miembro de las dos Comisiones,
+y senÌ?ores Hamilton, tambieÌ?n en su calidad de integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, Novoa, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro y Zurita, aprobaron,
+sin modificaciones, el literal c).
+
+
+
+ d) Incorpora, en el nuÌ?mero 16, que trata de la
+comprobacioÌ?n de la exactitud de los instrumentos destinados a la medicioÌ?n
+de electricidad, de gas, y de combustibles liÌ?quidos, el siguiente paÌ?rrafo
+segundo, nuevo:
+
+
+ "Las pruebas de los instrumentos de medida seraÌ?n de
+cargo de la empresa concesionaria si se comprobare que los instrumentos son
+inexactos y no se ajustan a la norma respectiva y, por el contrario, seraÌ?n
+de cargo del reclamante, si se comprobare que operan dentro de las
+tolerancias permitidas.".
+
+
+
+ La letra d) fue aprobada, sin enmiendas, por la
+misma unanimidad consignada precedentemente.
+
+
+
+ e) Reemplaza el paÌ?rrafo segundo del nuÌ?mero 17, que
+alude a la resolucioÌ?n de los reclamos que se formulen, por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Los reclamos seraÌ?n comunicados por la
+Superintendencia a los afectados, fijaÌ?ndoles un plazo prudencial para
+informar. Si dicho informe fuere suficiente para esclarecer la cuestioÌ?n
+debatida, dictaraÌ? resolucioÌ?n inmediata. Si el afectado no contestare en el
+plazo fijado o si el hecho imputado fuere estimado de gravedad, la
+Superintendencia podraÌ? disponer que se practique una investigacioÌ?n que le
+permita formarse juicio completo y dictar la resolucioÌ?n que sea procedente.
+
+
+ En las resoluciones que dicte podraÌ? aplicar multas u
+otras sanciones, conforme lo autoriza esta ley.
+
+
+ Del mismo modo, aunque no medie reclamo, en los
+casos en que la Superintendencia compruebe infracciones de las normas cuyo
+cumplimiento le corresponde fiscalizar, podraÌ? aplicar a los infractores las
+sanciones referidas.
+
+
+ La forma de tramitacioÌ?n, los plazos, los requisitos
+que deben cumplir las diligencias y actuaciones y la aplicacioÌ?n de
+sanciones, asiÌ? como la interposicioÌ?n de recursos en contra de las referidas
+resoluciones, se ajustaraÌ?n a lo dispuesto en el TiÌ?tulo IV de esta ley y a
+lo que disponga el reglamento respectivo.".
+
+
+
+ Fue aprobado, con igual unanimidad a la registrada
+respecto del literal anterior, con la enmienda de reemplazar, en el primero
+de los incisos propuestos la palabra "podraÌ?" por "deberaÌ?".
+
+
+
+ f) Introduce las siguientes modificaciones en el
+nuÌ?mero 19, que establece la atribucioÌ?n de la Superintendencia para
+suspender temporal o definitivamente las autorizaciones y licencias que se
+hayan otorgado de acuerdo con los nuÌ?meros 14, 15 y 26, o de imponer multas
+a los poseedores de las autorizaciones o licencias, cuando compruebe faltas
+graves en el ejercicio de sus funciones:
+
+
+ 1.- Sustituye la frase "una multa de una a cinco
+unidades tributarias mensuales" por la palabra "multas".
+
+
+ 2.- Elimina la voz "graves".
+
+
+
+ Los representantes del Ejecutivo propusieron
+reemplazar el literal f) por otro que sustituye el nuÌ?mero 19 por el
+siguiente:
+
+
+ "Suspender transitoriamente las autorizaciones o
+licencias que se hayan otorgado de acuerdo con los nuÌ?meros 14, 15 y 26 de
+este artiÌ?culo, cuando compruebe que no se cumplen las exigencias teÌ?cnicas
+establecidas en la ley, los reglamentos y las normas teÌ?cnicas de
+cumplimiento obligatorio para detentar o ejercer tales autorizaciones o
+licencias. La suspensioÌ?n que se disponga regiraÌ? hasta que se acredite el
+cumplimiento de las referidas exigencias.".
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron la letra f), en los
+nuevos teÌ?rminos sugeridos por el Ejecutivo, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de ambas
+Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro, Prat y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ g) En el nuÌ?mero 20, que trata de la formacioÌ?n de las
+estadiÌ?sticas teÌ?cnicas de explotacioÌ?n, para lo cual la Superintendencia
+podraÌ? requerir la informacioÌ?n necesaria de las empresas, pudiendo sancionar
+con multa la no entrega de dicha informacioÌ?n, suprime la frase "de hasta
+diez unidades tributarias mensuales,", que sigue a la palabra "multa".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron este literal, que es
+de concordancia con la nueva graduacioÌ?n de multas que contiene la
+iniciativa, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes, HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Novoa,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ h) Sustituye el nuÌ?mero 21, que faculta a la
+Superintendencia para requerir de los concesionarios los datos teÌ?cnicos
+necesarios para el cumplimiento de sus funciones, asiÌ? como la comparecencia
+y exhibicioÌ?n de documentos, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "21.- Verificar y examinar los costos de explotacioÌ?n
+y el valor nuevo de reemplazo de las empresas concesionarias de servicio
+puÌ?blico de distribucioÌ?n de electricidad, que le sean comunicados conforme a
+la ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, y ejercer las facultades que en
+esta materia le otorgan el citado cuerpo legal y su reglamento.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia estaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, facultada para
+requerir de las empresas referidas, los ingresos de explotacioÌ?n
+mensuales.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron el literal h) por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como miembro de
+las dos Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton, en su calidad de integrante de
+ambas Comisiones, Novoa, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro y Zurita, con
+una enmienda en el inciso primero del nuÌ?mero 21 propuesto, consistente en
+eliminar la referencia al reglamento, puesto que las facultades deben ser
+otorgadas a la Superintendencia por ley, y una modificacioÌ?n en el inciso
+segundo para intercalar la expresioÌ?n "la informacioÌ?n acerca de" antes de la
+referencia a los ingresos de explotacioÌ?n mensuales, con el objeto de dar
+mayor precisioÌ?n a la redaccioÌ?n del precepto.
+
+
+
+ i) Agrega al nuÌ?mero 23, que autoriza a la
+Superintendencia para sancionar el incumplimiento de las normas teÌ?cnicas y
+reglamentarias relativas a las instalaciones, con desconexioÌ?n de eÌ?stas, con
+multas o con ambas medidas, los siguientes paÌ?rrafos segundo, tercero y
+cuarto, nuevos,:
+
+
+ "Para la fiscalizacioÌ?n del cumplimiento de las
+normas vigentes en las instalaciones a que se refiere el paÌ?rrafo anterior,
+la Superintendencia podraÌ? autorizar a laboratorios, entidades o
+instaladores, para que efectuÌ?en inspeccioÌ?n de las mismas y realicen o hagan
+realizar, bajo su exclusiva responsabilidad, las pruebas y ensayos que
+dicho organismo estime necesarios, para constatar que cumplen con las
+especificaciones normales y no constituyen peligro para las personas o
+cosas.
+
+
+ Las instalaciones inspeccionadas que cumplan con lo
+senÌ?alado en el paÌ?rrafo anterior tendraÌ?n derecho a un certificado o sello,
+cuyas caracteriÌ?sticas y vigencia seraÌ?n establecidas por la
+Superintendencia, de acuerdo con la naturaleza de las mismas.
+
+
+ El procedimiento para la acreditacioÌ?n, autorizacioÌ?n
+y control de las entidades o instaladores inspectores, seraÌ? establecido por
+la Superintendencia mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada. Las entidades e
+inspectores asiÌ? autorizados quedaraÌ?n sujetos a la permanente fiscalizacioÌ?n
+y supervigilancia de la Superintendencia.".
+
+
+
+ La letra i) fue aprobada por igual unanimidad a la
+registrada respecto del literal anterior, con una sola enmienda consistente
+en precisar, en el uÌ?ltimo de los paÌ?rrafos propuestos, que el procedimiento
+a que alliÌ? se alude seraÌ? establecido por la Superintendencia en resolucioÌ?n
+fundada "de caraÌ?cter general", para dejar en claro que no hay
+procedimientos especiales.
+
+
+
+ j) Reemplaza, en el nuÌ?mero 30, que faculta a la
+Superintendencia para asesorar teÌ?cnicamente al Ministerio y a otros
+organismos teÌ?cnicos sobre tarifas de recursos energeÌ?ticos y respecto de los
+reglamentos especiales de servicio que las empresas deban someter a su
+aprobacioÌ?n, la frase "los reglamentos especiales de servicio que las
+empresas deban someter a su aprobacioÌ?n" por la expresioÌ?n "las demaÌ?s
+materias de su competencia".
+
+
+
+ Fue aprobada, sin modificaciones, por la misma
+unanimidad registrada respecto de la letra precedente.
+
+
+
+ k) Sustituye el nuÌ?mero 34, que se refiere al
+ejercicio de las facultades que el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico confiere a la
+Superintendencia, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "34.- Aplicar las disposiciones legales y
+reglamentarias cuyo cumplimiento le corresponde vigilar, y fijar normas
+para los casos especiales que se presenten y no esteÌ?n expresamente
+contemplados en dicha normativa.".
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez hizo presente que a su
+juicio el nuÌ?mero 34 propuesto en la letra k) seriÌ?a inconstitucional puesto
+que, por los teÌ?rminos en que estaÌ? planteado, se vulnera el aÌ?mbito de la
+competencia legal.
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, Novoa, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez
+Walker, Pizarro y Zurita, aprobaron el nuÌ?mero 34 propuesto en la letra k),
+con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "34.- Aplicar e interpretar administrativamente las
+disposiciones legales y reglamentarias cuyo cumplimiento le corresponde
+vigilar, e impartir instrucciones de caraÌ?cter general a las empresas y
+entidades sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n.".
+
+
+
+
+ l) Agrega, a continuacioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 34, los
+siguientes nuÌ?meros, nuevos:
+
+
+ "35.- Pronunciarse sobre los reglamentos especiales
+de servicio que las empresas concesionarias de servicio puÌ?blico sometan a
+su aprobacioÌ?n.".
+
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 35 propuesto fue aprobado por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton,
+Lavandero, Novoa, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ "36.- Impartir instrucciones, de caraÌ?cter general, a
+las empresas y entidades sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n y adoptar las medidas
+tendientes a corregir las deficiencias que observare, con relacioÌ?n al
+cumplimiento de las leyes, reglamentos y demaÌ?s normas cuya supervigilancia
+le corresponde.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la misma unanimidad
+registrada respecto del nuÌ?mero 35, rechazaron el nuÌ?mero 36, por considerar
+que la disposicioÌ?n que alliÌ? se consagra estaÌ? contenida en las demaÌ?s normas
+que rigen a la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ "37.- Fijar normas de caraÌ?cter general sobre la
+forma y modo de presentacioÌ?n de la informacioÌ?n que las entidades sujetas a
+su fiscalizacioÌ?n deban proporcionarle de conformidad a las leyes y
+reglamentos vigentes.
+
+
+ No obstante lo establecido en el paÌ?rrafo anterior,
+las nuevas normas que se dicten no afectaraÌ?n la validez de las
+informaciones presentadas con anterioridad a su vigencia.".
+
+
+
+ Fue aprobado por la misma unanimidad consignada
+respecto de la supresioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 36.
+
+
+ "38.- Ordenar, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, durante la
+vigencia de un decreto de racionamiento y previo informe favorable de la
+ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, la reduccioÌ?n de los consumos prescindibles de
+los particulares y oÌ?rganos del Estado, y las demaÌ?s medidas que contribuyan
+a la disminucioÌ?n del deÌ?ficit de energiÌ?a.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, en su calidad de miembro de las dos
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, Novoa, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra,
+Pizarro y Zurita, aprobaron el nuÌ?mero 38 propuesto, con una enmienda
+consistente en precisar en la norma que las demaÌ?s medidas que contribuyan a
+la disminucioÌ?n del deÌ?ficit de energiÌ?a que la Superintendencia puede
+ordenar, son de caraÌ?cter general.
+
+
+ La H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei dejoÌ? constancia de que
+concurre con su voto a la aprobacioÌ?n de los nuÌ?meros 37 y 38 pese a que
+estima que son innecesarios porque la Superintendencia contariÌ?a ya con las
+atribuciones en virtud de las restantes normas, manifestando que, en su
+opinioÌ?n, en el proyecto de ley se incurre, en esta materia, en el error de
+establecer normas excesivamente reglamentarias.
+
+
+
+ "39.- Ejercer las demaÌ?s funciones y atribuciones que
+el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico confiera a la Superintendencia de Servicios
+EleÌ?ctricos y de Gas o a la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+Combustibles.".
+
+
+
+ Fue aprobado, sin enmiendas, por la unanimidad de
+los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, Novoa,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ m) Incorpora el siguiente inciso segundo, nuevo, en
+el artiÌ?culo 3°:
+
+
+ "En los casos en que se obstaculizare o impidiere el
+pleno ejercicio de las atribuciones otorgadas a la Superintendencia por
+este artiÌ?culo, eÌ?sta podraÌ? solicitar directamente del Intendente que
+corresponda, el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, con facultades de
+allanamiento y descerrajamiento, si fuere necesario.".
+
+
+
+ La letra m) fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, Novoa,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro y Zurita, con modificaciones
+consistentes en establecer, en la forma en que se consignaraÌ? en su
+oportunidad, que los casos en que la Superintendencia podraÌ? solicitar el
+auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica son aquellos en que se obstaculizare o
+impidiere el pleno ejercicio de sus atribuciones para proteger la seguridad
+de las personas o para evitar un danÌ?o grave a la poblacioÌ?n, y que deberaÌ?
+solicitar tal auxilio por razones fundadas.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3)
+
+
+ Intercala, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 3º, los
+siguientes artiÌ?culos nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 3º A.- La Superintendencia podraÌ? requerir,
+a las personas y empresas sometidas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n y a las relacionadas
+que mantengan transacciones con aqueÌ?llas, la informacioÌ?n que fuere
+necesaria para el ejercicio de sus funciones legales. En consecuencia,
+podraÌ? exigir la comparecencia y declaracioÌ?n de testigos, la exhibicioÌ?n y
+entrega de copias de libros, tarifas, registros, contratos y demaÌ?s
+documentos, esteÌ?n contenidos en soporte fiÌ?sico o informaÌ?tico, que estime
+pertinentes para el cumplimiento de su cometido.
+
+
+ Las personas y entidades sujetas a esta obligacioÌ?n
+no podraÌ?n invocar claÌ?usulas de confidencialidad para excusarse de exhibir y
+proporcionar copia de los documentos que les sean requeridos por la
+Superintendencia en cumplimiento de sus funciones legales.
+
+
+ Asimismo, deberaÌ?n informar a la Superintendencia de
+cualquier hecho esencial relativo a la actividad fiscalizada,
+inmediatamente despueÌ?s de ocurrido eÌ?ste, o desde que se tomoÌ? conocimiento
+del mismo, o a maÌ?s tardar dentro de los tres diÌ?as siguientes, aun cuando no
+hubiere mediado requerimiento del citado organismo. En caso de que el
+tercer diÌ?a corresponda a un saÌ?bado, domingo o festivo, la informacioÌ?n
+deberaÌ? ser proporcionada el siguiente diÌ?a haÌ?bil.
+
+
+ Para los efectos del inciso anterior, se entenderaÌ?
+como esencial todo hecho que pueda afectar gravemente la continuidad,
+calidad, regularidad y seguridad de los servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas o de
+combustibles, para un nuÌ?mero de usuarios igual o superior al 5% de los
+abastecidos por la informante.
+
+
+ El incumplimiento del requerimiento de informacioÌ?n o
+de la obligacioÌ?n de proporcionarla sin mediar aqueÌ?l, asiÌ? como la entrega de
+informacioÌ?n falsa, incompleta o manifiestamente erroÌ?nea, seraÌ?n sancionados
+en conformidad a esta ley y sus reglamentos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º B.- Mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada, la
+Superintendencia podraÌ? requerir a las empresas y entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, bajo apercibimiento de multa, que efectuÌ?en auditoriÌ?as para
+comprobar la veracidad y exactitud de las informaciones que le hayan
+proporcionado.
+
+
+ La contratacioÌ?n y financiamiento de estas auditoriÌ?as
+corresponderaÌ? a la empresa o entidad requerida, previa aprobacioÌ?n del
+auditor seleccionado por parte de la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º C.- El Superintendente podraÌ? citar a
+declarar a los representantes legales, directores y administradores de las
+entidades fiscalizadas, respecto de alguÌ?n hecho cuyo conocimiento estime
+necesario para el cumplimiento de sus funciones. No estaraÌ?n obligadas a
+concurrir a declarar las personas indicadas en el artiÌ?culo 361 del CoÌ?digo
+de Procedimiento Civil, a las cuales la Superintendencia deberaÌ? pedir
+declaracioÌ?n por escrito.
+
+
+ El Superintendente podraÌ? requerir de la justicia
+ordinaria la aplicacioÌ?n del procedimiento de apremio contemplado en los
+artiÌ?culos 93 y 94 del CoÌ?digo Tributario en contra de las personas que,
+habiendo sido citadas bajo apercibimiento, no concurran a declarar sin
+justificar causa.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º D.- Los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia, debidamente acreditados, tendraÌ?n libre acceso a las
+centrales, subestaciones, talleres, liÌ?neas y demaÌ?s dependencias de los
+servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas y de combustibles liÌ?quidos, asiÌ? como a los
+Centros de Despacho EconoÌ?mico de Carga, para realizar las funciones de
+inspeccioÌ?n y fiscalizacioÌ?n que les son propias. En el ejercicio de esta
+atribucioÌ?n, los referidos funcionarios deberaÌ?n cumplir las normas y
+procedimientos de seguridad internos vigentes para las mencionadas
+dependencias.
+
+
+ Los funcionarios de la entidad fiscalizadora,
+pertenecientes a sus plantas de Profesionales y Fiscalizadores o asimilados
+a grados de las mismas, que sean designados como fiscalizadores de un
+servicio o instalacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrico, de gas o de combustibles liÌ?quidos,
+tendraÌ?n la calidad de ministros de fe en la verificacioÌ?n de los hechos
+constitutivos de infracciones de la normativa vigente.
+
+
+ Los hechos establecidos por dichos ministros de fe
+constituiraÌ?n una presuncioÌ?n legal.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º E.- El Superintendente, los funcionarios
+de la Superintendencia y las personas que le presten servicios bajo
+cualquier modalidad de contratacioÌ?n, deberaÌ?n guardar reserva de los
+documentos y antecedentes de las empresas y entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, siempre que tales documentos y antecedentes no tengan el
+caraÌ?cter de puÌ?blicos. La infraccioÌ?n de esta obligacioÌ?n seraÌ? sancionada en
+la forma establecida en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 247 del CoÌ?digo
+Penal, sin perjuicio de las sanciones administrativas que procedan. Esta
+prohibicioÌ?n, en beneficio propio o de terceros, obliga hasta un anÌ?o despueÌ?s
+de dejar el cargo funcionario o haber prestado servicios.
+
+
+ El Superintendente y los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia no podraÌ?n tener negocios ni prestar servicios a las
+empresas o entidades sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n o sus relacionadas. La
+contravencioÌ?n de esta prohibicioÌ?n acarrearaÌ? para el infractor la cesacioÌ?n
+inmediata en su cargo, sin perjuicio de las demaÌ?s responsabilidades civiles
+y penales que pudieren imputaÌ?rsele.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones,
+y senÌ?ores Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro, Prat y Zurita, aprobaron el nuÌ?mero 3) del
+ARTIÌ?CULO 1º introduciendo variadas enmiendas, de la forma que se consignaraÌ?
+en su oportunidad, a los artiÌ?culos 3º A, 3º B, 3ºC, 3º D y 3º E propuestos.
+
+
+ Las modificaciones responden, en liÌ?neas generales, a
+la idea de seguir en estas materias criterios similares a los utilizados en
+la ley que fijoÌ? el reÌ?gimen juriÌ?dico por el que se rigen las empresas de
+servicios sanitarios, por tratarse de la ley maÌ?s reciente en temas
+semejantes al que trata el proyecto en informe, adecuando con tal fin las
+normas propuestas; asiÌ? como a perfeccionar la redaccioÌ?n de las
+disposiciones; incorporando, asimismo, precisiones en cuanto a aspectos
+como consagrar especiÌ?ficamente en el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 3º B que la
+Superintendencia deberaÌ? reembolsar el costo de la auditoriÌ?a en el caso y
+plazo alliÌ? contemplado, como originalmente lo habiÌ?a propuesto el Ejecutivo
+en indicacioÌ?n presentada ante la H. CaÌ?mara de Diputados; que el
+Superintendente podraÌ? citar a declarar previa autorizacioÌ?n del juez de
+turno, salvando de esta manera objeciones constitucionales planteadas, y
+que la prohibicioÌ?n establecida en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 3º E
+obliga hasta tres anÌ?os despueÌ?s de haberse dejado de prestar los servicios y
+la del inciso segundo opera para el Superintendente y sus funcionarios
+tanto cuando actuÌ?an por siÌ? mismos como cuando lo hacen a traveÌ?s de otras
+personas naturales o juriÌ?dicas.
+
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+ Sustituye el artiÌ?culo 15 de la ley Nº 18.410, que
+dispone que "en los casos en que se obstaculizare o impidiere el pleno
+ejercicio de las atribuciones otorgadas a la Superintendencia por el
+artiÌ?culo 3º, eÌ?sta podraÌ? solicitar directamente al Intendente o al
+Gobernador que corresponda, el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica con facultades
+de allanamiento y descerrajamiento si fuese necesario" por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 15.- Las empresas, entidades o personas
+naturales, sujetas a la fiscalizacioÌ?n o supervisioÌ?n de la Superintendencia,
+que incurrieren en infracciones de las leyes, reglamentos y demaÌ?s normas
+relacionadas con electricidad, gas y combustibles liÌ?quidos, o en
+incumplimiento de las instrucciones y oÌ?rdenes que les imparta la
+Superintendencia, podraÌ?n ser objeto de la aplicacioÌ?n por eÌ?sta de las
+sanciones que se senÌ?alan en este TiÌ?tulo, sin perjuicio de las establecidas
+especiÌ?ficamente en esta ley o en otros cuerpos legales o reglamentarios.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de la aplicacioÌ?n de las sanciones a
+que se refiere el inciso anterior, las infracciones administrativas se
+clasifican en graviÌ?simas, graves y leves.
+
+
+ Son infracciones graviÌ?simas los hechos, actos u
+omisiones que contravengan las disposiciones pertinentes y que
+alternativamente:
+
+
+ 1) Hayan producido danÌ?o o lesioÌ?n a las personas;
+
+
+ 2) Hayan ocasionado danÌ?o en las cosas o bienes de un
+nuÌ?mero significativo de usuarios;
+
+
+ 3) Hayan afectado a la generalidad de los usuarios o
+clientes abastecidos por el infractor;
+
+
+ 4) Hayan alterado la regularidad, continuidad,
+calidad o seguridad del servicio respectivo;
+
+
+ 5) Hayan ocasionado una falla global en el
+funcionamiento de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico o de combustibles, o
+
+
+ 6) Constituyan reiteracioÌ?n o reincidencia en
+infracciones calificadas como graves de acuerdo con este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Son infracciones graves, los hechos, actos u
+omisiones que contravengan las disposiciones pertinentes y que,
+alternativamente:
+
+
+ 1) Signifiquen peligro para la seguridad o salud de
+las personas;
+
+
+ 2) Hayan causado danÌ?o a las cosas o bienes, pero sin
+afectar a un nuÌ?mero significativo de usuarios;
+
+
+ 3) Constituyan riesgo de producir danÌ?o a las cosas o
+bienes o pongan en peligro la regularidad, continuidad, calidad o seguridad
+del servicio respectivo;
+
+
+ 4) Involucren peligro o riesgo de ocasionar una
+falla global del sistema eleÌ?ctrico o de combustibles;
+
+
+ 5) Constituyan desobediencia o resistencia a las
+oÌ?rdenes, instrucciones y requerimientos de la autoridad y, en el caso de un
+sistema eleÌ?ctrico, incumplimiento o resistencia a las oÌ?rdenes impartidas
+por el respectivo organismo coordinador de la operacioÌ?n;
+
+
+ 6) Conlleven alteracioÌ?n de los precios o de las
+cantidades suministradas, en perjuicio de los usuarios, o
+
+
+ 7) Constituyan persistente reiteracioÌ?n de una misma
+infraccioÌ?n calificada como leve de acuerdo con este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Son infracciones leves los hechos, actos u omisiones
+que contravengan cualquier precepto obligatorio y que no constituyan
+infraccioÌ?n graviÌ?sima o grave, de acuerdo con lo previsto en los incisos
+anteriores.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas acordaron dividir la discusioÌ?n
+del artiÌ?culo 15 contenido en el nuÌ?mero 4), con el objeto de facilitar la
+adopcioÌ?n de acuerdos a su respecto.
+
+
+
+ El inciso primero fue aprobado por la unanimidad de
+los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro, Prat y Zurita, eliminando las palabras
+finales "o reglamentarios", por considerar que las sanciones a que alliÌ? se
+alude no pueden contenerse en cuerpos reglamentarios.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo fue aprobado por ocho votos a
+favor y dos abstenciones. Se pronunciaron favorablemente los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, PeÌ?rez Walker, Pizarro, Prat y
+Zurita. Se abstuvo la H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei, en su calidad de
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, por ser ella partidaria, seguÌ?n senÌ?aloÌ?, de
+ampliar las categoriÌ?as de infracciones a cuatro, reduciendo las causales
+que originan las graviÌ?simas a unas pocas de tal magnitud que justifiquen la
+aplicacioÌ?n de sanciones muy draÌ?sticas, y quedando las otras infracciones
+comprendidas dentro de las graves, de una nueva categoriÌ?a de infracciones
+"menos graves" y las restantes dentro de las leves.
+
+
+ Respecto del inciso tercero la H. Senadora senÌ?ora
+Matthei formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para eliminar los nuÌ?meros 1 a 6 y establecer que
+son infracciones graviÌ?simas "los hechos, actos u omisiones que contravengan
+las disposiciones pertinentes y que pongan en peligro o afecten gravemente
+la salud de las personas o que afecten a la generalidad de los usuarios o
+clientes abastecidos por el infractor.".
+
+
+ Puesta en votacioÌ?n la indicacioÌ?n, se registroÌ? el
+siguiente resultado: Votaron a favor de la indicacioÌ?n la H. Senadora autora
+de la misma, como miembro de ambas Comisiones, y los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez y Prat. En contra se pronunciaron los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton,
+Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Pizarro y Zurita. Se abstuvo el H. Senador senÌ?or Parra.
+Atendido el hecho de influir la abstencioÌ?n en el resultado se procedioÌ? a
+repetirla de inmediato, conforme a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 178 del
+Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n. El H. Senador senÌ?or Parra cambioÌ? su voto de
+abstencioÌ?n por uno de rechazo, manteniendo los demaÌ?s HH. Senadores su
+votacioÌ?n, resultando en definitiva rechazada la indicacioÌ?n por seis votos
+contra cuatro.
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez planteoÌ? indicacioÌ?n para
+intercalar en el enunciado del inciso tercero, entre las palabras "actos u
+omisiones" y "que contravengan", los vocablos "culpables o dolosos".
+
+
+ Los representantes del Ejecutivo manifestaron su
+oposicioÌ?n a la referida indicacioÌ?n, observando que ella obligariÌ?a a probar
+los elementos de la culpa o el dolo, en circunstancias de que se trata de
+castigar infracciones objetivas a obligaciones legales o reglamentarias.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n del H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez fue
+rechazada por seis votos contra cuatro. Se pronunciaron en contra de la
+indicacioÌ?n los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra,
+Pizarro y Zurita. Votaron favorablemente los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei,
+como miembro de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Prat.
+
+
+ Posteriormente las Comisiones Unidas se abocaron al
+anaÌ?lisis de los distintos numerales que contempla el inciso tercero del
+artiÌ?culo 15 propuesto.
+
+
+ "1) Hayan producido danÌ?o o lesioÌ?n a las personas;"
+
+
+ Fue rechazado por la mayoriÌ?a de los miembros de las
+Comisiones Unidas. Se registraron en contra siete votos, de los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de las dos Comisiones, y senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Parra, Prat y Zurita. A favor se pronunciaron los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Lavandero y Pizarro. Se abstuvo el H. Senador senÌ?or
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ "2) Hayan ocasionado danÌ?o en las cosas o bienes de
+un nuÌ?mero significativo de usuarios;"
+
+
+ La unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones
+Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, en su calidad de integrante de ambas,
+y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro, Prat y Zurita
+rechazoÌ? este nuÌ?mero por ser partidarios de incluir este tipo de infraccioÌ?n
+en la categoriÌ?a de las "graves".
+
+
+ "3) Hayan afectado a la generalidad de los usuarios
+o clientes abastecidos por el infractor;"
+
+
+ Fue aprobado, con una enmienda consistente en
+precisar, a sugerencia del H. Senador senÌ?or Hamilton, que los usuarios o
+clientes deben haber sido afectados "en forma significativa", por la misma
+unanimidad consignada respecto del nuÌ?mero anterior.
+
+
+ "4) Hayan alterado la regularidad, continuidad,
+calidad o seguridad del servicio respectivo;"
+
+
+ Fue aprobado, por igual unanimidad, con una
+modificacioÌ?n encaminada a otorgar mayor precisioÌ?n a la disposicioÌ?n,
+especificando que la alteracioÌ?n a que se refiere debe superar los
+estaÌ?ndares miÌ?nimos permitidos por las normas.
+
+
+ "5) Hayan ocasionado una falla global en el
+funcionamiento de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico o de combustibles, o"
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, por la misma unanimidad
+anterior, aprobaron el nuÌ?mero 5) con una enmienda encaminada a perfeccionar
+su redaccioÌ?n, sustituyendo el vocablo "global" por "generalizada".
+
+
+ "6) Constituyan reiteracioÌ?n o reincidencia en
+infracciones calificadas como graves de acuerdo con este artiÌ?culo.".
+
+
+ Fue aprobado, por la misma unanimidad registrada
+respecto del nuÌ?mero precedente.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Pizarro y Zurita
+presentaron indicacioÌ?n para incorporar dentro de las infracciones
+graviÌ?simas un nuÌ?mero que contemple como tal a aquellas que hayan producido
+la muerte o lesioÌ?n grave a las personas. Las Comisiones Unidas, por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei como integrante de
+ambas, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro, Prat y
+Zurita, aprobaron la referida indicacioÌ?n, ubicando como nuevo nuÌ?mero 1) la
+norma en ella contenida.
+
+
+ Respecto del inciso cuarto, que se refiere a las
+infracciones graves, las Comisiones Unidas adoptaron los siguientes
+acuerdos:
+
+
+ Aprobaron su nuÌ?mero 1) por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de las dos
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro,
+Prat y Zurita.
+
+
+ En concordancia con lo resuelto en el numeral 2) del
+inciso tercero, aprobaron aquiÌ? el nuÌ?mero 2), con la siguiente redaccioÌ?n:
+"Hayan causado danÌ?o a los bienes de un nuÌ?mero significativo de usuarios".
+El acuerdo fue adoptado por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones
+Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, en su calidad de integrante de ambas,
+y senÌ?ores Cariola, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro y
+Zurita.
+
+
+ Por la misma unanimidad aprobaron, con
+modificaciones, el nuÌ?mero 3), limitaÌ?ndolo a la puesta en peligro de la
+regularidad, continuidad, calidad o seguridad del servicio respectivo.
+
+
+ Con igual unanimidad aprobaron el nuÌ?mero 4), con una
+enmienda que sustituye el vocablo "global" por la palabra "generalizada".
+
+
+
+ Respecto del nuÌ?mero 5), eÌ?ste fue aprobado por ocho
+votos a favor y dos en contra. Se pronunciaron favorablemente los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez, Cariola, Hamilton, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra y Zurita. En contra votaron los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Lavandero y Pizarro, quienes no compartieron la opinioÌ?n
+de la mayoriÌ?a, en una de las enmiendas encaminadas a perfeccionar su
+redaccioÌ?n que se introdujo a la norma, en cuanto a eliminar la expresioÌ?n
+"requerimientos".
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 5) aprobado es del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "5) No acaten las oÌ?rdenes e instrucciones de la
+autoridad y, en el caso de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico, incumplimiento de las
+oÌ?rdenes impartidas por el respectivo organismo coordinador de la
+operacioÌ?n;".
+
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 6) fue aprobado, sin
+enmiendas, por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de las Comisiones
+Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 7) del inciso cuarto y el inciso final del
+artiÌ?culo 15 propuesto, relativo a las infracciones leves, fueron aprobados,
+sin modificaciones, por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones
+Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas, y senÌ?ores
+Cariola, DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Como una manera de solucionar las divergencias
+producidas con motivo de la discusioÌ?n de las normas acerca de infracciones
+y sanciones, se acordoÌ? por unanimidad la reapertura del debate sobre el
+TiÌ?tulo IV.
+
+
+ Reabierto el debate, los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei y senÌ?or DiÌ?ez formularon indicacioÌ?n para reemplazar el artiÌ?culo 15,
+propuesto en el numeral 4), por el siguiente:
+
+
+
+"ArtiÌ?culo15.- Las empresas, entidades o personas naturales, sujetas
+fiscalizacioÌ?n o supervisioÌ?n de la Superintendencia que incurrieren a la
+infraccioÌ?n de las leyes, reglamentos y demaÌ?s normas relacionadas con la
+electricidad, gas y demaÌ?s combustibles liÌ?quidos, podraÌ?n ser objeto de la
+aplicacioÌ?n de las siguientes sanciones de multa por parte de la
+Superintendencia:
+
+
+a) De 5.000 a 10.000 UTA cuando se trate de infracciones calificadas de
+graviÌ?simas conforme al artiÌ?culo ........
+
+
+b) De 500 a 5.000 UTA cuando se trate de infracciones calificadas de graves
+conforme al artiÌ?culo ........
+
+
+c) De 100 a 500 UTA cuando se trate de infracciones calificadas de menos
+graves conforme al artiÌ?culo ........
+
+
+d) De 1 a 100 UTA cuando se trate de infracciones calificadas de leves
+conforme al artiÌ?culo ........"
+
+
+Son infracciones graviÌ?simas las siguientes:
+
+
+a) Entrega de informacioÌ?n falseada que afecte el normal funcionamiento del
+mercado o los procesos de regulacioÌ?n de precios;
+
+
+b) La falta de mantenimiento de las instalaciones eleÌ?ctricas, de la cual se
+haya derivado directamente un accidente que produce lesiones graviÌ?simas o
+la muerte de personas y
+
+
+c) Cuando, mediante actos u omisiones se afecte la calidad, regularidad o
+seguridad del servicio de maÌ?s de la mitad de los usuarios o clientes
+abastecidos por el infractor o bien se produzca una falla global del
+funcionamiento de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico.
+
+
+d) La reiteracioÌ?n o reincidencia en infracciones calificadas de graves.
+
+
+Son infracciones graves las siguientes:
+
+
+a) Cuando mediante actos u omisiones exista riesgo inminente de afectar la
+calidad, regularidad o seguridad del servicio de maÌ?s de la mitad de los
+usuarios o clientes abastecidos por el infractor o de producirse una falla
+global del funcionamiento de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico.
+
+b) El no acatamiento de las oÌ?rdenes o instrucciones impartidas por la
+autoridad, dentro de su competencia o en su caso, por el respectivo CEDEC,
+de lo cual se derive el riesgo a que se refiere la letra anterior.
+
+
+c) La reiteracioÌ?n o reincidencia en infracciones calificadas de menos
+graves.
+
+
+Son infracciones menos graves las siguientes:
+
+a) La negativa a entregar informacioÌ?n en los casos que la ley autorice a la
+SEC y a la CNE para exigirla;
+
+
+b) Cuando los concesionarios de servicio puÌ?blico de distribucioÌ?n no cumplan
+las obligaciones y plazos establecidos por la ley respecto del otorgamiento
+de servicio eleÌ?ctrico dentro de la zona de concesioÌ?n respectiva.
+
+
+c) La reiteracioÌ?n o reincidencia en infracciones calificadas de leves.
+
+
+Son infracciones leves las contravenciones a la ley vigente no comprendidas
+en los incisos anteriores.
+
+
+La sancioÌ?n de multa senÌ?alada por infraccioÌ?n grave o graviÌ?sima no podraÌ?
+acumularse a otras sanciones establecidas en la ley, salvo aquella que
+tenga por objeto evitar la suspensioÌ?n del servicio o el deterioro de su
+calidad.
+
+
+Las resoluciones de la Superintendencia que impongan sanciones seraÌ?n
+reclamables ante la Corte de Apelaciones del domicilio del afectado, dentro
+del plazo de 10 diÌ?as haÌ?biles contados desde la notificacioÌ?n de la
+resolucioÌ?n. El reclamo suspenderaÌ? los efectos de la resolucioÌ?n, a menos que
+se trate de una sancioÌ?n o medida impuesta con el objeto de evitar la
+suspensioÌ?n del servicio, o el deterioro de su calidad.
+
+
+Las sanciones de multa seraÌ?n siempre reclamables y no seraÌ?n exigibles
+mientras no esteÌ? vencido el plazo para interponer la reclamacioÌ?n, o eÌ?sta no
+haya sido resuelta. Para interponer la reclamacioÌ?n contra una multa, se
+deberaÌ? efectuar una consignacioÌ?n previa de una cantidad equivalente al 5%
+de la multa impuesta. La consignacioÌ?n se efectuaraÌ? mediante depoÌ?sito en la
+cuenta corriente de la Corte de Apelaciones que haya de conocer el recurso.
+La causa se agregaraÌ? extraordinariamente a la tabla de la audiencia maÌ?s
+proÌ?xima, previo sorteo de la sala, pudiendo la Corte, si lo estima
+pertinente, abrir un teÌ?rmino probatorio y escuchar los alegatos de las
+partes.
+
+
+La Superintendencia dispondraÌ? del plazo de 10 diÌ?as haÌ?biles, contados desde
+que se notifique la reclamacioÌ?n interpuesta, para formular observaciones.
+
+
+Si contra una resolucioÌ?n que imponga sanciones a diversos infractores, se
+interpusiere reclamacioÌ?n por maÌ?s de uno de eÌ?stos, la Superintendencia
+podraÌ? solicitar, antes de contestar los reclamos, que se acumulen ante la
+Corte de Apelaciones de Santiago, o ante aquella que hubiere dictado la
+resolucioÌ?n reclamada.
+
+
+Contra la resolucioÌ?n de la Corte de Apelaciones se podraÌ? apelar ante la
+Corte Suprema, dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as haÌ?biles, la que conoceraÌ? en la
+forma prevista en los incisos anteriores.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas acordaron aprobar algunos de
+los puntos contenidos en la indicacioÌ?n anteriormente transcrita,
+incorporando las enmiendas respectivas al texto que anteriormente habiÌ?an
+aprobado para el artiÌ?culo 15 y al texto de otras normas del proyecto, seguÌ?n
+se explicaraÌ? en su oportunidad. En virtud de lo expuesto, se incorporoÌ? como
+nuevo nuÌ?mero 2) del inciso tercero del artiÌ?culo 15 una norma que tipifica
+como infraccioÌ?n graviÌ?sima la entrega de informacioÌ?n falseada que pueda
+afectar el normal funcionamiento del mercado o los procesos de regulacioÌ?n
+de precios.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, y a proposicioÌ?n del H. Senador senÌ?or Prat,
+se precisoÌ? en el nuevo texto aprobado para el nuÌ?mero 1) del referido inciso
+tercero que son infracciones graviÌ?simas aquellas que hayan producido la
+muerte o lesioÌ?n grave a las personas, "en los teÌ?rminos del artiÌ?culo 397
+nuÌ?mero 1º del CoÌ?digo Penal".
+
+
+ En concordancia con la modificacioÌ?n explicada
+precedentemente, se modificoÌ? el nuevo texto aprobado para el nuÌ?mero 1) del
+inciso cuarto, tipificando alliÌ? tambieÌ?n como infraccioÌ?n grave las lesiones
+no comprendidas en el nuÌ?mero 1) del inciso tercero.
+
+
+ Se introdujo asimismo una enmienda al texto del
+nuevo nuÌ?mero 5) aprobado para el aludido inciso cuarto, que describe como
+infraccioÌ?n grave el no acatar las oÌ?rdenes e instrucciones de la autoridad
+y, en el caso de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico, el incumplimiento de las oÌ?rdenes
+impartidas por el respectivo organismo coordinador de la operacioÌ?n,
+refiriendo tales conductas al caso en que de ello se deriven los riesgos a
+que aluden los nuÌ?meros anteriores.
+
+
+ Finalmente, se incorporoÌ? como nueva infraccioÌ?n grave
+un numeral 6) del siguiente tenor: "constituyan una negativa a entregar
+informacioÌ?n en los casos que la ley autorice a la Superintendencia o a la
+ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a para exigirla.".
+
+
+
+ Los acuerdos fueron adoptados por la unanimidad de
+los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5)
+
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 16, que regula lo referente a
+las infracciones a las leyes, reglamentos y demaÌ?s normas relacionadas con
+electricidad, gas y combustibles liÌ?quidos y al incumplimiento de las
+instrucciones y oÌ?rdenes que imparta la Superintendencia, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 16.- De acuerdo con la naturaleza y
+gravedad de las infracciones, determinada seguÌ?n lo previsto en las normas
+del presente TiÌ?tulo, eÌ?stas podraÌ?n ser objeto de las siguientes sanciones:
+
+
+ 1) AmonestacioÌ?n por escrito;
+
+
+ 2) Multa de una unidad tributaria mensual a diez mil
+unidades tributarias anuales y de cualquier otra cantidad expresamente
+senÌ?alada por las leyes;
+
+
+ 3) RevocacioÌ?n de autorizacioÌ?n o licencia;
+
+
+ 4) Comiso;
+
+
+ 5) Clausura temporal o definitiva, y
+
+
+ 6) Caducidad de la concesioÌ?n provisional.
+
+
+ Para la determinacioÌ?n de las correspondientes
+sanciones, se consideraraÌ?n las siguientes circunstancias:
+
+
+ a) La importancia del danÌ?o causado o del peligro
+ocasionado.
+
+
+ b) El nuÌ?mero de usuarios afectados por la
+infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ c) El grado de participacioÌ?n en el hecho, accioÌ?n u
+omisioÌ?n constitutiva de infraccioÌ?n y el beneficio econoÌ?mico obtenido con
+motivo de la misma.
+
+
+ d) La intencionalidad en la comisioÌ?n de la
+infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ e) La reiteracioÌ?n en la misma infraccioÌ?n. Para estos
+efectos, se entenderaÌ? que hay reiteracioÌ?n cuando se cometan dos o maÌ?s
+infracciones de la misma naturaleza, entre las cuales no medie un periÌ?odo
+superior a doce meses.
+
+
+ f) La reincidencia en la comisioÌ?n de infracciones de
+la misma categoriÌ?a en el teÌ?rmino de un anÌ?o.
+
+
+ g) La capacidad econoÌ?mica del infractor.".
+
+
+
+ Los representantes del Ejecutivo explicaron a los
+integrantes de las Comisiones Unidas que el propoÌ?sito de las elevadas
+multas que contempla el artiÌ?culo 16 es baÌ?sicamente disuasivo, puesto que
+busca que las empresas realicen las actividades tendientes a evitar cometer
+la infraccioÌ?n, para asiÌ? no tener que pagar la multa, destacando que el
+Ejecutivo no aspira en modo alguno a hacer del mecanismo de las multas una
+fuente de recaudacioÌ?n fiscal.
+
+
+
+ La H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei manifestoÌ? que en su
+opinioÌ?n deberiÌ?a primar el concepto de indemnizacioÌ?n sobre el de multa,
+quedando eÌ?stas limitadas a aquellos casos que por su gravedad requieran,
+ademaÌ?s de las indemnizaciones, una multa.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Prat, por su parte, hizo notar
+que no le satisface la forma de presentacioÌ?n de las disposiciones que
+regulan el tema de las infracciones y las sanciones que se les asignan,
+resaltando que, a su juicio, esta materia se habiÌ?a resuelto en mejor forma
+en la ley de la Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Parra, a su vez, puso de relieve
+que, en su opinioÌ?n, es prioritario velar por la continuidad del servicio, y
+luego porque exista una sancioÌ?n al infractor, razoÌ?n por la cual imponer
+multas tan elevadas como las maÌ?ximas que el proyecto contempla a empresas
+que no pudieran solventarlas podriÌ?a conducirlas a la imposibilidad de
+mantener sus operaciones, con grave danÌ?o para el usuario.
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 1) del artiÌ?culo 16 fue aprobado por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton en su calidad
+de miembro de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ En el nuÌ?mero 2) del artiÌ?culo 16 el H. Senador senÌ?or
+DiÌ?ez formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para sustituir el monto maÌ?ximo de la multa de
+10.000 a 5.000 unidades tributarias anuales.
+
+
+ Puesta en votacioÌ?n esta indicacioÌ?n se registraron
+cinco votos a favor, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante
+de ambas Comisiones, y de los senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Prat y Zurita, y cinco en
+contra, de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra y
+Pizarro.
+
+
+ Repetida de inmediato la votacioÌ?n para dirimir el
+empate producido, se volvioÌ? a registrar ideÌ?ntico resultado, debiendo, de
+conformidad a lo prescrito por el artiÌ?culo 182 del Reglamento de la
+CorporacioÌ?n, resolverse el asunto en la proÌ?xima sesioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Efectuada la votacioÌ?n en la sesioÌ?n siguiente, la
+indicacioÌ?n fue acogida por cinco votos contra cuatro. Se pronunciaron a
+favor de la indicacioÌ?n los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de
+ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Prat y Zurita. Votaron en contra los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton y Pizarro, ambos en su calidad de integrantes de
+las dos Comisiones.
+
+
+ Posteriormente se solicitoÌ? la reapertura del debate
+de acuerdo a lo senÌ?alado en el artiÌ?culo 125 del Reglamento, pues esta
+materia incidiÌ?a en otras normas de la iniciativa. Votaron a favor de la
+reapertura los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Pizarro, tambieÌ?n integrando las dos Comisiones, y en
+contra lo hicieron los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, en calidad de miembro
+de ambas Comisiones, DiÌ?ez, Prat y Zurita.
+
+
+ Por no reunirse el quoÌ?rum de dos tercios de los
+Senadores presentes exigido por el Reglamento, se desechoÌ? la peticioÌ?n de
+reapertura del debate.
+
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo ya resuelto, la H. Senadora
+senÌ?ora Matthei dejoÌ? constancia de que estariÌ?a dispuesta a reabrir la
+discusioÌ?n acerca del punto y a aceptar que la multa fuese de 10.000
+unidades tributarias anuales si quedara acotada a casos realmente
+extremadamente graves, y no a aquellos que en el proyecto se indican como
+graviÌ?simos y que a su juicio no lo son.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n las Comisiones Unidas, por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de
+ambas, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de las dos
+Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Pizarro, como miembro de las dos Comisiones, Prat y
+Zurita, acordaron suprimir en el nuÌ?mero 2) la frase "y de cualquier otra
+cantidad expresamente senÌ?alada por las leyes".
+
+
+
+
+ Los nuÌ?meros 3), 4), 5) y 6) del artiÌ?culo 16 fueron
+aprobados por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, en su calidad de integrante de ambas, y senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, como miembro de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat,
+Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+ Respecto del inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 16 se
+adoptaron los siguientes acuerdos:
+
+
+ La letra a) fue aprobada, sin enmiendas, por la
+misma unanimidad precedentemente mencionada.
+
+
+ La letra b) fue aprobada por ideÌ?ntica unanimidad,
+reemplazando la palabra "nuÌ?mero" por "porcentaje", dado que se estimoÌ? por
+las Comisiones Unidas que es el porcentaje y no el nuÌ?mero de los afectados
+lo que confiere la calidad de grave a la infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La letra c) fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de las dos Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro, Prat y Zurita, limitaÌ?ndola a la consideracioÌ?n del
+beneficio econoÌ?mico obtenido con la infraccioÌ?n, puesto que lo relativo al
+grado de participacioÌ?n en el hecho, accioÌ?n u omisioÌ?n fue ubicado, por igual
+unanimidad, en la letra d).
+
+
+ Las letras e) y f) fueron rechazadas por la
+unanimidad ya consignada, establecieÌ?ndose en su lugar otro literal que
+senÌ?ala que deberaÌ? considerarse "la conducta anterior", circunstancia que en
+opinioÌ?n de los miembros de las Comisiones, por ser maÌ?s amplia, permitiraÌ?
+ponderar no solamente los factores negativos sino tambieÌ?n los favorables.
+
+
+ La letra g) fue aprobada, en los mismos teÌ?rminos,
+por la unanimidad resenÌ?ada con anterioridad.
+
+
+ Por indicacioÌ?n del H. Senador senÌ?or Parra, aprobada
+por igual unanimidad, se incorporoÌ? al artiÌ?culo 16 un inciso final del
+siguiente tenor: "En ninguÌ?n caso el monto de la multa que se aplique podraÌ?
+comprometer la continuidad del servicio prestado por el afectado.".
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En virtud de la reapertura del debate del que se dio
+cuenta con ocasioÌ?n de la discusioÌ?n acerca del numeral 4), que reemplaza el
+artiÌ?culo 15 de la ley Nº 18.410, las Comisiones Unidas fijaron en 10.000
+unidades tributarias anuales el monto maÌ?ximo de las multas que se pueden
+aplicar de acuerdo con la naturaleza y la gravedad de las infracciones,
+reponiendo en ese aspecto la norma aprobada por la H. CaÌ?mara de Diputados.
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas adoptaron el referido acuerdo
+por la unanimidad de sus miembros HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 6)
+
+
+ Intercala, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 16, los
+siguientes artiÌ?culos 16 A y 16 B, nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 16 A.- Sin perjuicio de las sanciones que
+establezcan leyes especiales, las infracciones tipificadas precedentemente
+podraÌ?n ser sancionadas con:
+
+
+ 1.- Multa de hasta diez mil unidades tributarias
+anuales, revocacioÌ?n de autorizacioÌ?n o licencia, comiso y/o clausura,
+trataÌ?ndose de infracciones graviÌ?simas, conforme a lo establecido en el
+artiÌ?culo 15;
+
+
+ 2.- Multa de hasta cinco mil unidades tributarias
+anuales, revocacioÌ?n de autorizacioÌ?n o licencia, comiso y/o clausura,
+trataÌ?ndose de infracciones graves, de acuerdo con el artiÌ?culo antes citado,
+y
+
+
+ 3.- Multa de hasta quinientas unidades tributarias
+anuales y/o amonestacioÌ?n por escrito, trataÌ?ndose de infracciones leves.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16 B.- Sin perjuicio de las sanciones que
+correspondan, la interrupcioÌ?n o suspensioÌ?n del suministro de energiÌ?a
+eleÌ?ctrica no autorizada en conformidad a la ley y los reglamentos, que
+afecte parcial o iÌ?ntegramente una o maÌ?s aÌ?reas de concesioÌ?n de distribucioÌ?n,
+daraÌ? lugar a una compensacioÌ?n a los usuarios afectados, de cargo del
+concesionario, equivalente al duplo del valor de la energiÌ?a no suministrada
+durante la interrupcioÌ?n o suspensioÌ?n del servicio, valorizada a costo de
+racionamiento.
+
+
+ La compensacioÌ?n anterior seraÌ? incrementada en los
+casos en que, a consecuencia de la interrupcioÌ?n o suspensioÌ?n, el
+responsable obtuviere un beneficio cuantificable. El incremento podraÌ?
+ascender hasta el doble del beneficio obtenido por el responsable.
+
+
+ La compensacioÌ?n regulada en este artiÌ?culo se
+efectuaraÌ? descontando las cantidades correspondientes en la facturacioÌ?n maÌ?s
+proÌ?xima, o en aquellas que determine la Superintendencia a requerimiento
+del respectivo concesionario.
+
+
+ Las compensaciones a que se refiere este artiÌ?culo se
+abonaraÌ?n al usuario de inmediato, independientemente del derecho que asista
+al concesionario para repetir en contra de terceros responsables.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron la estructura y
+graduacioÌ?n porcentual de las multas contemplada en el artiÌ?culo 16 A, en el
+sentido de que a las graviÌ?simas corresponde el 100% de la multa, mientras a
+las graves y a las leves corresponde el 50% y el 10%, respectivamente, por
+la mayoriÌ?a de sus integrantes, HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en su
+calidad de integrante de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Prat, Pizarro, como
+miembro de ambas Comisiones, y Zurita. La H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei votoÌ?
+en contra en atencioÌ?n a que, seguÌ?n ya hizo presente con anterioridad
+durante la discusioÌ?n, estima que debiera crearse una cuarta categoriÌ?a de
+infracciones.
+
+
+ Con posterioridad, y en atencioÌ?n a la ya explicada
+reapertura del debate que permitioÌ? volver a elevar a 10.000 unidades
+tributarias anuales el monto de las multas, se aproboÌ?, con una enmienda
+menor de redaccioÌ?n, el artiÌ?culo 16 A propuesto en el numeral 6). El acuerdo
+fue adoptado por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y
+senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de las dos Comisiones,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ Respecto del artiÌ?culo 16 B, los representantes del
+Ejecutivo hicieron presente que se refiere a cortes fuera de un decreto de
+racionamiento, no programados y que no obedecen a fuerza mayor. Explicaron,
+asimismo, que todas las compensaciones automaÌ?ticas que se establecen en la
+ley operan respecto de clientes regulados, y por ello se habla de usuarios,
+porque los clientes libres tienen sus propios contratos, donde pactan
+condiciones de seguridad y calidad especiales.
+
+
+ La H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei puso de relieve que en
+su opinioÌ?n la forma en que estaÌ? redactada la norma excluye de la obligacioÌ?n
+de efectuar compensaciones a los cortes autorizados, pero no a los
+ocasionados por fuerza mayor, apuntando asimismo su extranÌ?eza por el hecho
+de que aquiÌ? se deje fuera a los clientes libres, pero no se haga lo mismo
+despueÌ?s en el proyecto, en la norma del artiÌ?culo 99 bis del D.F.L. N°1.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Prat expresoÌ? que a su juicio en
+este tema se debe establecer una relacioÌ?n con las multas, porque no deberiÌ?a
+multiplicarse la multa y la compensacioÌ?n por la misma razoÌ?n, senÌ?alando,
+igualmente, que estima que debiera existir contemporaneidad entre la
+compensacioÌ?n y el efecto de repetir en contra de los terceros responsables.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, por su parte, manifestoÌ? su
+acuerdo con la circunstancia de que se obligue a una compensacioÌ?n en
+ciertos casos, pero senÌ?aloÌ? su disconformidad con la forma de caÌ?lculo, que
+implica que hay dos factores que multiplican, pues ademaÌ?s de considerarse
+el duplo del valor de la energiÌ?a no suministrada durante la interrupcioÌ?n,
+se valoriza eÌ?sta a costo de racionamiento, lo que le parece excesivo.
+
+
+ De conformidad a lo expuesto, la H. Senadora senÌ?or
+Matthei formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para suprimir la referencia al "duplo" del valor
+de la energiÌ?a en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 16 B, indicacioÌ?n que fue
+rechazada por seis votos contra cuatro. Votaron en contra los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores Hamilton, en su calidad de integrante de ambas Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Pizarro, como miembro de las dos Comisiones, y Zurita. Se pronunciaron a
+favor la autora de la indicacioÌ?n, integrando ambas Comisiones, y los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Prat.
+
+
+ El inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 16 B fue aprobado en
+definitiva, con una enmienda de redaccioÌ?n que precisa que los usuarios
+afectados son aquellos sujetos a regulacioÌ?n de precios, por ocho votos a
+favor y dos abstenciones. Se pronunciaron favorablemente los HH. Senadores
+senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, como miembro de ambas Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Pizarro,
+integrando las dos Comisiones, Prat y Zurita. La H. Senadora senÌ?ora
+Matthei, integrante de ambas Comisiones, se abstuvo.
+
+
+ Respecto del inciso segundo, los personeros del
+Ejecutivo senÌ?alaron que tiene por objeto inhibir a las empresas, en el
+centro de despacho econoÌ?mico de carga, de actuaciones en el sentido que
+alliÌ? se describe.
+
+
+ Sobre el particular la H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei
+hizo presente que se encuentra estudiando, junto a otros parlamentarios, un
+proyecto de ley que apunta precisamente a resolver los problemas al
+interior del centro de despacho econoÌ?mico, y que por tanto no tiene sentido
+una norma como la que se debate en la presente iniciativa.
+
+
+
+ Puesto en votacioÌ?n el inciso segundo, lo votaron
+favorablemente los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton, como integrante de las
+dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Pizarro, en su calidad de integrante de ambas
+Comisiones. Se pronunciaron en contra los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei,
+integrando las dos Comisiones, Prat y Zurita. El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez se
+abstuvo. Atendido el hecho de que la abstencioÌ?n influiÌ?a en el resultado
+dejando sin resolver el asunto, se repitioÌ? la votacioÌ?n, pronunciaÌ?ndose en
+esta ocasioÌ?n en contra el H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez. Producido esta vez un
+empate se procedioÌ? a repetir la votacioÌ?n, obtenieÌ?ndose ideÌ?ntico resultado,
+por lo que el asunto quedoÌ? para su resolucioÌ?n en la sesioÌ?n siguiente.
+
+
+ Sometido nuevamente a votacioÌ?n el inciso, fue
+rechazado por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores
+DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ El inciso tercero fue aprobado por la unanimidad de
+los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei,
+integrando ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, como miembro de las
+dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Prat, Pizarro, tambieÌ?n en su calidad de integrante
+de ambas Comisiones, y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ El inciso cuarto fue aprobado por la misma
+unanimidad consignada respecto del rechazo del inciso segundo.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 7)
+
+
+ Sustituye el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 17. El
+artiÌ?culo 17 dispone que las sanciones seraÌ?n impuestas por resolucioÌ?n del
+Superintendente, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en esta ley. Su inciso
+segundo prescribe que las sanciones de multa de monto inferior a cincuenta
+unidades tributarias mensuales podraÌ?n ser aplicadas por el jefe regional
+correspondiente. El nuÌ?mero 7) sustituye el inciso segundo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Los Directores Regionales de la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles tendraÌ?n competencia, en su respectiva RegioÌ?n,
+para instruir toda clase de expedientes sancionadores. No obstante, soÌ?lo
+podraÌ?n aplicar aquellas sanciones para las cuales les haya sido delegada la
+atribucioÌ?n por el Superintendente.".
+
+
+ Con el objeto de salvar las observaciones planteadas
+por el H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez respecto de la ausencia de normas de un debido
+proceso administrativo en el proyecto, los representantes del Ejecutivo
+propusieron nuevos incisos al artiÌ?culo 17, los que subsanan los reparos
+efectuados. La redaccioÌ?n de los referidos incisos es la siguiente:
+
+
+ "Toda sancioÌ?n aplicada por la Superintendencia
+deberaÌ? fundarse en un procedimiento que se iniciaraÌ? con la formulacioÌ?n
+precisa de los cargos y su notificacioÌ?n al imputado para que presente su
+defensa. El plazo conferido para presentar los descargos no podraÌ? ser
+inferior a quince diÌ?as.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia daraÌ? lugar a las medidas
+probatorias que solicite el imputado en sus descargos o las rechazaraÌ? con
+expresioÌ?n de causa.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que se dicte en definitiva deberaÌ?
+pronunciarse sobre las alegaciones y defensas del imputado y contendraÌ? la
+declaracioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n impuesta o la absolucioÌ?n. El pronunciamiento
+anterior se haraÌ? dentro de los 30 diÌ?as de evacuada la uÌ?ltima diligencia
+ordenada en el expediente
+
+
+ Los Directores Regionales de la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles tendraÌ?n competencia, en su respectiva RegioÌ?n,
+para instruir, en el marco de las atribuciones que la ley le otorga a la
+referida Superintendencia, toda clase de investigaciones. No obstante,
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n aplicar aquellas sanciones para las cuales les haya sido
+delegada la atribucioÌ?n por el Superintendente.
+
+
+ El recurso jeraÌ?rquico, en su caso, se regiraÌ? por las
+normas que establece el artiÌ?culo 18 A.".
+
+
+
+ El nuevo texto del nuÌ?mero 7) fue aprobado, con la
+redaccioÌ?n propuesta por el Ejecutivo, de la forma que se indicaraÌ? en su
+oportunidad, por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, integrando ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Pizarro, como miembro de las dos Comisiones,
+Prat y Zurita.
+
+
+ Por la misma unanimidad las Comisiones Unidas
+dejaron constancia de que la norma aprobada no importa alteracioÌ?n alguna
+del recurso jeraÌ?rquico que procediera de acuerdo a la Ley de Bases
+Generales de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 8)
+
+
+ Incorpora, en el artiÌ?culo 18, referente al pago de
+las multas impuestas por la Superintendencia, el siguiente inciso segundo,
+nuevo:
+
+
+ "El pago de toda multa aplicada de conformidad a
+este TiÌ?tulo deberaÌ? ser acreditado ante la Superintendencia, dentro de los
+diez diÌ?as siguientes a la fecha en que eÌ?sta debioÌ? ser pagada.".
+
+
+ Fue aprobado por mayoriÌ?a, con una enmienda formal,
+con los votos de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Pizarro, como miembro de las dos
+Comisiones, Prat y Zurita. El H. Senador senÌ?or Lavandero se abstuvo, en
+atencioÌ?n a que estima que la TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica deberiÌ?a
+informar a la Superintendencia de la circunstancia de haberse pagado la
+multa respectiva.
+
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 9)
+
+
+ Intercala, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 18, el
+siguiente artiÌ?culo 18 A, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 18 A.- En contra de las resoluciones de
+la Superintendencia que apliquen sanciones, se podraÌ? interponer el recurso
+de reposicioÌ?n establecido en el artiÌ?culo 9° de la ley N° 18.575, en el
+plazo de cinco diÌ?as haÌ?biles contado desde el diÌ?a siguiente a la
+notificacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n. La Superintendencia dispondraÌ? de diez diÌ?as
+haÌ?biles para resolver.
+
+
+ La interposicioÌ?n de este recurso suspenderaÌ? el plazo
+para reclamar de ilegalidad, siempre que se trate de materias por las
+cuales procede dicho recurso.".
+
+
+
+ El numeral 9) fue aprobado, sin enmiendas, por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton,
+Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Pizarro, como miembro de las dos Comisiones, Prat y
+Zurita.
+
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 10)
+
+
+ Reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 19 de la ley Nº 18.410, que es
+del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 19.- El afectado podraÌ? reclamar de la
+sancioÌ?n ante el Juez de Letras en lo Civil que corresponda, dentro del
+plazo indicado en el artiÌ?culo precedente. Deducida oportunamente la
+reclamacioÌ?n, se suspenderaÌ? la aplicacioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n o el plazo
+establecido para el pago de la multa, en su caso, sin perjuicio de que los
+reajustes e intereses a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 20, se devengaraÌ?n desde
+el undeÌ?cimo diÌ?a de notificada la resolucioÌ?n de la Superintendencia que
+aplicoÌ? la multa.
+
+
+ El reclamo se resolveraÌ? previo informe de la
+Superintendencia y audiencia del afectado y su fallo podraÌ? ser apelado.
+
+
+ El pago de la multa, maÌ?s los reajustes e intereses a
+que se refiere el artiÌ?culo siguiente, deberaÌ? efectuarse dentro del quinto
+diÌ?a de ejecutoriado el fallo.".
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 10) reemplaza este precepto por el
+siguiente:
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 19.- Los afectados que estimen que las
+resoluciones de la Superintendencia no se ajustan a la ley, reglamentos o
+demaÌ?s disposiciones que le corresponda aplicar, podraÌ?n reclamar de las
+mismas, dentro del plazo de quince diÌ?as haÌ?biles, contado desde la
+notificacioÌ?n, ante la Corte de Apelaciones correspondiente al domicilio del
+reclamante. Si la resolucioÌ?n afectare a maÌ?s de una persona o entidad,
+cuyos domicilios correspondieren a territorios jurisdiccionales de
+diferentes Cortes, seraÌ? competente para conocer de todas las reclamaciones
+a que haya lugar aquella que corresponda al domicilio de la autoridad que
+haya expedido el acto administrativo reclamado.
+
+
+ En el caso de reclamaciones en contra de
+resoluciones que apliquen multas, el recurso deberaÌ? acompanÌ?arse de boleta
+de consignacioÌ?n a la orden de la Corte, por el 50% del monto de la misma.
+
+
+ La Corte de Apelaciones daraÌ? traslado de la
+reclamacioÌ?n a la Superintendencia, por quince diÌ?as haÌ?biles, notificaÌ?ndole
+por oficio.
+
+
+ La interposicioÌ?n del recurso no suspenderaÌ? los
+efectos del acto reclamado, salvo en cuanto al pago de la multa, en su
+caso. La Corte no podraÌ? decretar medida alguna con este objeto mientras se
+encuentre pendiente la reclamacioÌ?n, cuando la suspensioÌ?n de los efectos de
+la resolucioÌ?n pueda afectar la calidad o la continuidad de servicio.
+
+
+ Evacuado el traslado por la Superintendencia, o
+vencido el plazo otorgado, el tribunal ordenaraÌ? traer los autos en relacioÌ?n
+y dispondraÌ? agregar extraordinariamente la causa a la tabla del diÌ?a
+subsiguiente, previo sorteo.
+
+
+ La Corte dictaraÌ? sentencia dentro del teÌ?rmino de
+quince diÌ?as. Contra dicha resolucioÌ?n no procederaÌ? recurso alguno.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron el nuÌ?mero 10), con
+enmiendas, de la forma que se consignaraÌ? en su oportunidad, por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante
+de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra,
+Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+ Las modificaciones que se introdujeron al artiÌ?culo
+19 contenido en este numeral recogen algunas de las ideas contenidas en la
+indicacioÌ?n de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei y senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, que se
+transcribioÌ? al dar cuenta de la reapertura del debate acerca del artiÌ?culo
+15 contenido en el numeral 4), y dicen relacioÌ?n, baÌ?sicamente, con reduccioÌ?n
+de plazos para el afectado y para la Superintendencia; disminucioÌ?n de la
+exigencia de consignacioÌ?n al 25% del monto de la multa en caso de
+reclamacioÌ?n; establecimiento de que la Corte no podraÌ? decretar medida
+alguna para suspender los efectos del acto reclamado cuando se pueda
+afectar la seguridad de las personas, y la consagracioÌ?n, en un inciso
+final, de que contra la resolucioÌ?n de la Corte de Apelaciones que ratifique
+las sanciones impuestas se podraÌ? reclamar ante la Corte Suprema.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 11)
+
+
+ Sustituye el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 20, que se
+refiere al caso en que la multa no fuese procedente y no obstante hubiere
+sido enterada en arcas fiscales, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Declarada judicialmente la improcedencia total o
+parcial de la multa, la Superintendencia o el oÌ?rgano jurisdiccional
+respectivo, seguÌ?n corresponda, deberaÌ? ordenar su devolucioÌ?n por la
+TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, debidamente reajustada en la forma que
+senÌ?alan los artiÌ?culos 57 y 58 del CoÌ?digo Tributario.".
+
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 11) fue aprobado por la misma unanimidad
+consignada respecto de la aprobacioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero anterior.
+
+
+
+
+1.1.1.3 ARTIÌ?CULO 2º
+
+
+ El ARTIÌ?CULO 2º del proyecto de ley en informe
+introduce, en cinco numerales, diversas enmiendas al decreto con fuerza de
+ley Nº 1, de 1982, Ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos.
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 1)
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 1) del ARTIÌ?CULO 2º sustituye el artiÌ?culo
+9º del D.F.L. Nº 1.
+
+
+ El aludido artiÌ?culo 9º establece que la aplicacioÌ?n
+de la ley corresponderaÌ? al Ministerio del Interior por conducto de la
+Superintendencia de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos y de Gas, en adelante la
+Superintendencia, sin perjuicio de las atribuciones conferidas a la
+ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, en adelante la ComisioÌ?n, a las
+Municipalidades y al Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 9º propuesto en el numeral 1) es del
+siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "Articulo 9º.- La aplicacioÌ?n de la presente ley
+corresponderaÌ? a la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, en
+adelante la Superintendencia, sin perjuicio de las atribuciones conferidas
+a la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, en adelante la ComisioÌ?n; a las
+Municipalidades y al Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron este nuÌ?mero por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante
+de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra,
+Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+
+
+ El NuÌ?mero 2) reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 99 bis del D.F.L.
+Nº 1.
+
+
+ El referido artiÌ?culo 99 bis dispone textualmente:
+
+
+"ArtiÌ?culo 99 bis.- De producirse deÌ?ficit de generacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica derivados
+de fallas prolongadas de centrales termoeleÌ?ctricas o bien de sequiÌ?as, que
+lleven a la dictacioÌ?n de decreto de racionamiento por parte del Ministerio
+de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, las empresas generadoras que no
+lograsen satisfacer el consumo normal de sus clientes distribuidores o
+finales sometidos a regulacioÌ?n de precios, deberaÌ?n pagarles cada
+kilowatthora de deÌ?ficit a un valor igual a la diferencia entre el costo de
+racionamiento y el precio baÌ?sico de la energiÌ?a, a los que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo 99 anterior. Para estos efectos, se entenderaÌ? como consumo normal
+de un cliente en un periÌ?odo, aquel que resulte de considerar el consumo de
+energiÌ?a facturado por el generador en el mismo periÌ?odo del anÌ?o anterior,
+incrementado en la tasa anual de crecimiento del consumo que se hubiere
+considerado en la previsioÌ?n de demandas de energiÌ?a para el sistema
+eleÌ?ctrico, en la uÌ?ltima fijacioÌ?n de precios de nudo. Los clientes
+distribuidores, a su vez, deberaÌ?n traspasar iÌ?ntegramente el monto recibido
+a sus clientes finales sometidos a regulacioÌ?n de precios. Para el caÌ?lculo
+de los deÌ?ficit originados en situaciones de sequiÌ?a no podraÌ?n utilizarse
+aportes de generacioÌ?n hidroeleÌ?ctrica que correspondan a anÌ?os hidroloÌ?gicos
+maÌ?s secos que aquellos utilizados en el caÌ?lculo de precios de nudo.
+Asimismo, si una sequiÌ?a durara maÌ?s de un anÌ?o hidroloÌ?gico, el maÌ?ximo deÌ?ficit
+que los generadores estaraÌ?n obligados a pagar estaraÌ? limitado al deÌ?ficit
+que se calcule para el primer anÌ?o hidroloÌ?gico de la sequiÌ?a, considerando
+una hidrologiÌ?a igual a la del anÌ?o maÌ?s seco utilizado en el caÌ?lculo de
+precios de nudo. Por anÌ?o hidroloÌ?gico se entiende un periÌ?odo de doce meses
+comenzando en abril.
+
+
+ En el caso de producirse los deÌ?ficit a que se
+refiere el inciso anterior, el decreto del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento
+y ReconstruccioÌ?n, que autorice la aplicacioÌ?n de medidas de racionamiento,
+explicitaraÌ?, basaÌ?ndose en un informe previo de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de
+EnergiÌ?a, el monto del pago por cada kilowatthora de deÌ?ficit, como asimismo
+las demaÌ?s condiciones que deberaÌ?n aplicar las empresas generadoras para el
+caÌ?lculo o registro de los deÌ?ficit, y los montos y procedimientos que
+aplicaraÌ?n las empresas distribuidoras para traspasar a su vez los montos
+recibidos a sus clientes finales. Todos los caÌ?lculos deberaÌ?n basarse en
+los valores utilizados en la uÌ?ltima fijacioÌ?n de precios de nudo para el
+sistema eleÌ?ctrico en cuestioÌ?n. No obstante, el valor a utilizar para el
+costo de racionamiento no podraÌ? superar, expresado en unidades de fomento,
+el promedio de los costos de racionamiento utilizados en las uÌ?ltimas seis
+fijaciones de precios de nudo.".
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 99 bis propuesto en el numeral 2) es del
+siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 99 bis.- El Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a,
+Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, previo informe de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de
+EnergiÌ?a, podraÌ? dictar un decreto de racionamiento, en caso de producirse o
+proyectarse un deÌ?ficit de generacioÌ?n en un sistema eleÌ?ctrico, a
+consecuencia de fallas prolongadas de centrales termoeleÌ?ctricas o de
+situaciones de sequiÌ?a. El decreto que se dicte, ademaÌ?s de establecer los
+caÌ?lculos, valores y procedimientos a que se refiere el inciso final de este
+artiÌ?culo, dispondraÌ? las medidas que la autoridad estime conducentes y
+necesarias para administrar y superar el deÌ?ficit, en el maÌ?s breve plazo.
+Dichas medidas se orientaraÌ?n, principalmente, a reducir los impactos del
+deÌ?ficit para los usuarios, a incentivar, fomentar o disponer el aumento de
+capacidad de generacioÌ?n en el respectivo sistema, a fomentar, estimular o
+premiar el ahorro voluntario y a aminorar los costos econoÌ?micos que dicho
+deÌ?ficit pueda ocasionar al paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ El deÌ?ficit registrado en el sistema deberaÌ?
+distribuirse proporcionalmente y sin discriminacioÌ?n de ninguna especie
+entre todas las empresas generadoras, tomando como base la globalidad de
+sus compromisos. Estas, por su parte, deberaÌ?n pagar a sus clientes
+distribuidores o finales sometidos a regulacioÌ?n de precios, cada kilowatt-
+hora de deÌ?ficit que los haya afectado, determinado sobre la base de sus
+consumos normales, a un valor igual a la diferencia entre el costo de
+racionamiento y el precio baÌ?sico de la energiÌ?a, a los que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo anterior.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, se entenderaÌ? como consumo normal
+de un cliente en un periÌ?odo aquel que resulte de considerar el consumo de
+energiÌ?a facturado por el generador en el mismo periÌ?odo del anÌ?o anterior,
+incrementado en la tasa anual de crecimiento del consumo que se hubiere
+considerado en la previsioÌ?n de demandas de energiÌ?a para el sistema
+eleÌ?ctrico, en la uÌ?ltima fijacioÌ?n de precios de nudo. Los clientes
+distribuidores, a su vez, deberaÌ?n traspasar iÌ?ntegramente el monto recibido
+a sus clientes finales sometidos a regulacioÌ?n de precios.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de este artiÌ?culo, las situaciones
+de sequiÌ?a o las fallas de centrales termoeleÌ?ctricas que originen un deÌ?ficit
+de generacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica que determine la dictacioÌ?n de un decreto de
+racionamiento, en ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n ser calificadas como fuerza mayor o
+caso fortuito. En particular, los aportes de generacioÌ?n hidroeleÌ?ctrica que
+correspondan a anÌ?os hidroloÌ?gicos maÌ?s secos que aquellos utilizados en el
+caÌ?lculo de precios de nudo, no constituiraÌ?n liÌ?mite para el caÌ?lculo de los
+deÌ?ficit, ni seraÌ?n consideradas como circunstancia de fuerza mayor o caso
+fortuito. El deÌ?ficit que las empresas generadoras estaÌ?n obligadas a pagar,
+de conformidad a este artiÌ?culo, no estaraÌ? limitado a aquel que se calcule
+para el primer anÌ?o hidroloÌ?gico de la sequiÌ?a. Por anÌ?o hidroloÌ?gico se
+entiende un periÌ?odo de doce meses que comienza en abril.
+
+
+ El decreto de racionamiento previsto en este
+artiÌ?culo, ademaÌ?s de las medidas y estipulaciones descritas en los incisos
+anteriores, explicitaraÌ?, basaÌ?ndose en un informe previo de la ComisioÌ?n
+Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, el monto del pago por cada kilowatt-hora de deÌ?ficit,
+como asimismo las demaÌ?s condiciones que deberaÌ?n aplicar las empresas
+generadoras para el caÌ?lculo o registro de los deÌ?ficit, y los montos y
+procedimientos que aplicaraÌ?n las empresas distribuidoras para traspasar a
+su vez los montos recibidos a sus clientes finales. Todos los caÌ?lculos
+deberaÌ?n basarse en los valores utilizados en la uÌ?ltima fijacioÌ?n de precios
+de nudo para el sistema eleÌ?ctrico en cuestioÌ?n. No obstante, el valor a
+utilizar para el costo de racionamiento no podraÌ? superar, expresado en
+unidades de fomento, el promedio de los costos de racionamiento utilizados
+en las uÌ?ltimas seis fijaciones de precios de nudo.".
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Hamilton formuloÌ? indicacioÌ?n para
+reemplazar, en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 99 bis propuesto, la palabra
+"termoeleÌ?ctricas" por "eleÌ?ctricas".
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n antedicha fue aprobada por la misma
+unanimidad consignada respecto de la aprobacioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 1) precedente.
+
+
+ El mismo senÌ?or Senador presentoÌ? indicacioÌ?n para
+agregar un inciso segundo, nuevo, del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ "Los clientes no regulados de empresas generadoras
+superavitarias, no seraÌ?n afectados por la distribucioÌ?n establecida en el
+respectivo decreto de racionamiento.".
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n anterior fue retirada por su autor y
+hecha suya por la H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei. Sometida a votacioÌ?n se
+registraron cinco votos en contra, cuatro a favor y una abstencioÌ?n. Se
+pronunciaron en contra los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra,
+Pizarro y Zurita. Votaron a favor la H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+miembro de ambas Comisiones, y los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Prat. Se
+abstuvo el H. Senador senÌ?or Hamilton. Repetida la votacioÌ?n de conformidad a
+lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 178 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, el H.
+Senador senÌ?or Hamilton cambioÌ? su voto por el de rechazo, manteniendo los
+demaÌ?s HH. Senadores su votacioÌ?n anterior, por lo que quedoÌ? rechazada la
+indicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ La H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei planteoÌ? indicacioÌ?n
+para introducir en el artiÌ?culo 99 bis los siguientes incisos, nuevos:
+
+
+ "No obstante, cuando por fuerza mayor o caso
+fortuito un generador no pagare la compensacioÌ?n a que se refiere el inciso
+primero, los distribuidores afectados por el deÌ?ficit deberaÌ?n cobrar un
+sobreprecio en los cargos por energiÌ?a de sus clientes sometidos a
+regulacioÌ?n de precios, en un monto tal que permita recaudar la cantidad de
+compensacioÌ?n no recibida. Esta recaudacioÌ?n seraÌ? traspasada a los usuarios
+de la misma forma que la compensacioÌ?n recibida de los generadores. El
+sobreprecio indicado en este inciso seraÌ? fijado mensualmente por cada
+distribuidora e informado al puÌ?blico en la forma que determine el
+Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, pudieÌ?ndose en un mes
+determinado ajustar el exceso o deÌ?ficit producido en el mes anterior. No
+obstante, el sobreprecio al que se refiere este inciso no afectaraÌ? a
+clientes cuyo consumo fuere igual o inferior a 50 kilowatthora mensuales.
+
+
+ No obstante lo dispuesto en los incisos precedentes,
+el generador que hubiere invocado caso fortuito o fuerza mayor deberaÌ?
+solicitar la declaracioÌ?n judicial de esta eximente; en el juicio deberaÌ?
+hacerse parte la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles. Si la
+sentencia no declarare caso fortuito o fuerza mayor, el generador pagaraÌ? la
+compensacioÌ?n que corresponda en una sola cuota que seraÌ? cancelada a los
+distribuidores; estos uÌ?ltimos a su vez devolveraÌ?n el monto recibido a sus
+clientes regulados en proporcioÌ?n al consumo registrado durante el periÌ?odo
+en que se hubiera aplicado lo dispuesto en los incisos precedentes.".
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n fue rechazada por seis votos contra
+cuatro. Se pronunciaron en contra de ella los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores
+Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro y Zurita. Votaron a favor de la
+indicacioÌ?n la H. Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei, como miembro de ambas Comisiones,
+y los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Prat.
+
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Boeninger planteoÌ? indicacioÌ?n
+para agregar, al final del artiÌ?culo 99 bis, un inciso nuevo, del siguiente
+tenor:
+
+
+ "Las transferencias de los excedentes de energiÌ?a que
+se produzcan entre generadores integrantes de un Centro de Despacho
+EconoÌ?mico de Carga, con ocasioÌ?n de la dictacioÌ?n de un decreto de
+racionamiento que disponga la distribucioÌ?n proporcional del deÌ?ficit,
+tambieÌ?n se valorizaraÌ?n al costo marginal aplicable a las transferencias de
+energiÌ?a en el sistema en condiciones de racionamiento, vale decir, a costo
+de falla.".
+
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n fue aprobada por nueve votos a favor
+y una abstencioÌ?n, incorporaÌ?ndose como inciso final del artiÌ?culo 99 bis. Se
+pronunciaron favorablemente los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+Parra, Prat, y Zurita. Se abstuvo el H. Senador senÌ?or Pizarro.
+
+
+
+ Puesto en votacioÌ?n el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 99
+bis propuesto en el nuÌ?mero 2) del ARTIÌ?CULO 2º del proyecto en informe, fue
+aprobado, con enmiendas, por la unanimidad de los miembros de las
+Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat,
+Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+ Las enmiendas introducidas consisten,
+sustancialmente, en precisar que la proyeccioÌ?n del deÌ?ficit debe ser
+fundada, que las medidas que la autoridad adopte deben corresponderle
+dentro de sus facultades, que ellas deben ser adoptadas en el maÌ?s breve
+plazo "prudencial", en armonizar los teÌ?rminos de la disposicioÌ?n con la
+indicacioÌ?n que le fuera aprobada al H. Senador senÌ?or Hamilton, y en
+efectuar diversas enmiendas de redaccioÌ?n para precisar el sentido de la
+norma.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo fue aprobado, sin modificaciones,
+con los votos a favor de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Hamilton, Lavandero,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita. Se pronunciaron en contra la H.
+Senadora senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y el H.
+Senador senÌ?or Prat. Se abstuvo el H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez, quien manifestoÌ?
+dudas sobre la constitucionalidad de la disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Vuestra Comisiones Unidas aprobaron el inciso
+tercero con una enmienda que recoge la sugerencia del H. Senador senÌ?or
+Hamilton para precisar en el precepto que el periÌ?odo que debe considerarse
+para determinarse el consumo normal de un cliente corresponde al del uÌ?ltimo
+anÌ?o sin racionamiento. El acuerdo fue adoptado con los votos favorables de
+los HH. Senadores Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Pizarro y Zurita. Se
+abstuvieron los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y los senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Prat. El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez reiteroÌ? que
+esta disposicioÌ?n le merece dudas de constitucionalidad.
+
+
+ El inciso cuarto fue aprobado, con dos
+modificaciones, por la unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas,
+HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+ Las enmiendas efectuadas al precepto consisten en
+una adecuacioÌ?n de concordancia, por una parte, y en introducir un a
+precisioÌ?n, a sugerencia del H. Senador senÌ?or Boeninger, en cuanto a que las
+situaciones de sequiÌ?a o las fallas de centrales que originen un deÌ?ficit de
+generacioÌ?n en ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n ser consideradas "por siÌ? solas" como
+fuerza mayor o caso fortuito.
+
+
+ El inciso quinto fue aprobado por la misma
+unanimidad registrada respecto de la aprobacioÌ?n del inciso cuarto.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or DiÌ?ez dejoÌ? constancia de que, a
+su juicio, esta norma se aplicariÌ?a a los clientes regulados a que se
+refiere el inciso segundo.
+
+
+
+ A propoÌ?sito de la discusioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo se
+planteoÌ?, en el seno de las Comisiones Unidas, el problema de la
+retroactividad de las compensaciones. Sobre el particular los
+representantes del Ejecutivo hicieron presente a los miembros de las
+Comisiones Unidas que el proyecto sigue la regla general en materia de
+retroactividad y que por tanto no se afectan las situaciones existentes con
+anterioridad a la dictacioÌ?n de esta ley.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3)
+
+
+ Este numeral deroga el TiÌ?tulo V del D.F.L. Nº 1, "De
+la Superintendencia de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos y de Gas".
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo V de la Ley General de Servicios
+EleÌ?ctricos, que comprende los artiÌ?culos 130 a 134, ambos inclusive,
+contiene normas que regulan lo referente a la Superintendencia de Servicios
+EleÌ?ctricos y de Gas, y las atribuciones de dicho organismo.
+
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 3) fue aprobado, sin enmiendas, por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, en su calidad de integrante de las dos Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez,
+Hamilton, como miembro de ambas Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y
+Zurita.
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+ Este numeral sustituye el artiÌ?culo 138 del D.F.L. Nº
+1.
+
+
+ El aludido precepto prescribe que la
+Superintendencia podraÌ? tomar las medidas que estime necesarias a la
+seguridad del puÌ?blico y a resguardar el derecho de los concesionarios y
+consumidores de energiÌ?a eleÌ?ctrica, pudiendo requerir de la autoridad
+administrativa el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica para el cumplimiento de sus
+resoluciones.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 138 propuesto en el nuÌ?mero 4) es del
+siguiente tenor dispone, en su primer inciso, que toda infraccioÌ?n de las
+disposiciones de esta ley que no tenga expresamente senÌ?alada una sancioÌ?n,
+seraÌ? castigada con multa aplicada por la Superintendencia, de conformidad
+con lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 16 A de la ley N° 18.410.
+
+
+ Su inciso segundo senÌ?ala que las infracciones de
+esta ley, cometidas con voluntad criminal y que no tengan pena especial
+senÌ?alada, seraÌ?n castigadas con reclusioÌ?n menor en su grado maÌ?ximo o multa
+de una a diez mil unidades tributarias anuales.
+
+
+
+ Vuestras Comisiones Unidas, por la unanimidad de sus
+miembros, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en su calidad de miembro de las dos
+Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita, aprobaron el inciso
+primero del texto propuesto para el artiÌ?culo 138, rechazando el inciso
+segundo.
+
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5)
+
+
+ El nuÌ?mero 5) del ARTIÌ?CULO 2º deroga los artiÌ?culos
+139, 140 y 141 del D.F.L. Nº 1.
+
+
+ Los referidos preceptos establecen, textualmente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 139°.- Los propietarios de recintos de
+espectaÌ?culos puÌ?blicos que ocuparen, por siÌ? o por sus representantes,
+electricistas sin licencia para el manejo de las instalaciones eleÌ?ctricas,
+se haraÌ?n acreedores a una multa en conformidad a las disposiciones de esta
+ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 140°.- Toda infraccioÌ?n a las disposiciones
+de la presente ley, que no estaÌ? expresamente sancionada, seraÌ? castigada con
+una multa comprendida entre una y cinco UTM.
+
+
+ Las infracciones a la presente ley, cometidas con
+voluntad criminal y que no tengan pena especial senÌ?alada, seraÌ?n castigadas
+con reclusioÌ?n menor en su grado maÌ?ximo o multa que variaraÌ? entre cinco y
+cien UTM.
+
+
+ Se consideraraÌ? como infraccioÌ?n distinta, cada diÌ?a
+que el infractor deje transcurrir sin ajustarse a las disposiciones de esta
+ley o sus reglamentos, despueÌ?s de la orden que, al efecto, hubiere recibido
+de la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 141°.- En contra de las multas que imponga
+la Superintendencia en los casos previstos en la presente ley, podraÌ?
+reclamar el afectado ante la Justicia Ordinaria, por medio de las acciones
+constitucionales o legales que procedan.
+
+
+ En conformidad con la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, podraÌ?
+el afectado recurrir de proteccioÌ?n en contra de las decisiones que
+denieguen una solicitud de concesioÌ?n, o resuelvan la caducidad de una ya
+concedida.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron la derogacioÌ?n de los
+artiÌ?culos 139, 140 y 141, por la misma unanimidad consignada respecto de la
+votacioÌ?n del numeral anterior.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Cabe senÌ?alar que la AgrupacioÌ?n Nacional de Empleados
+Fiscales y la AsociacioÌ?n Nacional de Funcionarios de la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles manifestaron, en el seno de las Comisiones
+Unidas, su opinioÌ?n en cuanto a que el proyecto aprobado por la H. CaÌ?mara de
+Diputados atenta contra los derechos de los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia consagrados en el Estatuto Administrativo, al otorgar
+amplias facultades al Superintendente para encasillar en un grado superior
+o inferior al que estuviere ocupando el funcionario; al darle plena
+libertad para establecer la organizacioÌ?n interna de la Superintendencia y
+para que el personal a contrata pueda ejercer funciones de caraÌ?cter
+directivo o de jefatura, lo que produciriÌ?a arbitrariedad y discrecionalidad
+en la entrega de estas facultades; al facultar al Superintendente para
+encasillar hasta el 65% de los profesionales y fiscalizadores, y por tanto
+excluir al 35% de los funcionarios que actualmente se desempenÌ?an en los
+cargos, cesaÌ?ndolos en los mismos y otorgaÌ?ndoles una indemnizacioÌ?n que
+consideran extremadamente baja.
+
+
+ Por las razones expuestas solicitaron a las
+Comisiones Unidas el rechazo de los ARTIÌ?CULOS 3º, 4º, 5º, 6º, 7º y 8º
+permanentes, y del ARTIÌ?CULO 1º Transitorio del proyecto en informe.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+1.1.1.4 ARTIÌ?CULO 3º
+
+
+ Este precepto fija la dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de personal de
+la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles en 159 cargos, para el
+anÌ?o 1999.
+
+
+ Establece, en su segundo inciso, que no regiraÌ?,
+durante el anÌ?o 1999, la limitacioÌ?n establecida en el inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 9° de la ley N° 18.834, respecto de los empleos a contrata
+incluidos en esta dotacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ El ARTIÌ?CULO 3º fue aprobado, sin enmiendas, por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton,
+como miembro de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro y Zurita.
+
+
+
+1.1.1.5 ARTIÌ?CULO 4º
+
+
+ El ArtiÌ?culo 4º del proyecto en informe reemplaza, en
+la planta de Directivos que establece el artiÌ?culo 1º de la ley N° 19.148,
+que sustituye las plantas de personal de la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles, la denominacioÌ?n del cargo "Jefe Departamento
+Ingeniero Visitador" por "Jefe Departamento CoordinacioÌ?n Regional".
+
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo fue rechazado por seis votos contra
+cuatro. Se pronunciaron a favor de la disposicioÌ?n los HH. Senadores
+Hamilton, en su calidad de integrante de la ComisioÌ?n de MineriÌ?a, Prat,
+Pizarro y Zurita. Votaron en contra del precepto los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton,
+como miembro de la ComisioÌ?n de EconomiÌ?a, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, y Parra.
+
+
+
+1.1.1.6 ARTIÌ?CULO 5º
+
+
+
+ Reemplaza los requisitos establecidos en el artiÌ?culo
+2º de la ley Nº 19.148, que sustituye las plantas de personal de la
+Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, para los cargos de la
+planta de Profesionales, por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Planta de Profesionales: tiÌ?tulo profesional
+universitario, de una carrera de a lo menos diez semestres de duracioÌ?n.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas aprobaron este artiÌ?culo, con
+una enmienda consistente en sustituir el requisito de tiÌ?tulo profesional
+universitario de una carrera de a lo menos "diez" semestres de duracioÌ?n,
+por el de una carrera de "ocho" semestres de duracioÌ?n, a fin de que quedase
+salvada la situacioÌ?n de los ingenieros en ejecucioÌ?n que actualmente se
+desempenÌ?an en la Superintendencia. El acuerdo fue adoptado por la
+unanimidad de los miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Hamilton, en
+su calidad de integrante de las dos Comisiones, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro
+y Zurita.
+
+
+
+1.1.1.7 ARTIÌ?CULO 6º
+
+
+ Esta disposicioÌ?n es del tenor siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 6º.- El Superintendente de Electricidad y
+Combustibles encasillaraÌ?, en el plazo de sesenta diÌ?as a contar de la
+publicacioÌ?n de esta ley, mediante la resolucioÌ?n correspondiente, a los
+funcionarios que actualmente se desempenÌ?an en cargos de las plantas de
+profesionales y de fiscalizadores. El encasillamiento podraÌ? efectuarse en
+un grado superior o inferior al que estuviere ocupando el funcionario. Los
+funcionarios deberaÌ?n reunir los requisitos exigidos para ocupar el cargo en
+que sean encasillados.
+
+
+ El encasillamiento no podraÌ? significar disminucioÌ?n
+de las remuneraciones que, al 31 de diciembre de 1998, estuviere
+percibiendo el personal. Toda diferencia seraÌ? pagada por planilla
+suplementaria, la que seraÌ? reajustable e imponible en la misma forma en que
+lo sean las remuneraciones que compensa, y se absorberaÌ? por los incrementos
+que los funcionarios experimenten en sus remuneraciones permanentes,
+excepto los derivados de los reajustes generales de remuneraciones del
+sector puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ El encasillamiento regiraÌ? a contar del diÌ?a 1 del mes
+siguiente al de la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley, y no se consideraraÌ? ascenso
+para ninguÌ?n efecto legal.
+
+
+ PodraÌ? excluirse del encasillamiento un nuÌ?mero de
+funcionarios que no exceda el 35% del total que actualmente se desempenÌ?a en
+cargos de las plantas de Profesionales y de Fiscalizadores de la
+Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles.
+
+
+ Los funcionarios no encasillados se sujetaraÌ?n a las
+siguientes normas:
+
+
+ a) TendraÌ?n derecho al pago de la indemnizacioÌ?n
+establecida en el artiÌ?culo 148 de la ley N° 18.834.
+
+
+ b) Se entenderaÌ?n cesados en sus cargos, para todos
+los efectos legales, a partir de la fecha de total tramitacioÌ?n de la
+resolucioÌ?n a que se refiere el inciso primero de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Los cargos que quedaren vacantes luego del
+encasillamiento seraÌ?n provistos directamente por concurso puÌ?blico de
+oposicioÌ?n y antecedentes, no rigiendo a este respecto las normas sobre
+ascensos. Estos concursos deberaÌ?n realizarse dentro del plazo de sesenta
+diÌ?as, contado desde la fecha de vigencia del encasillamiento.".
+
+
+
+ El ARTIÌ?CULO 6º fue rechazado por ocho votos contra
+dos. Se pronuncioÌ? por la afirmativa el H. Senador senÌ?or Pizarro, en su
+calidad de integrante de ambas Comisiones, y por la negativa lo hicieron
+los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como miembro de las dos Comisiones, y
+senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat y Zurita.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Lavandero manifestoÌ? su absoluta
+oposicioÌ?n a las normas contenidas en el ARTIÌ?CULO 6º, destacando que le
+parece que la facultad que se asigna al Superintendente es arbitraria, que
+se vulneran en la disposicioÌ?n normas del Estatuto Administrativo, y
+recordando, ademaÌ?s, que la ley que sustituyoÌ? las plantas de personal de la
+Superintendencia data recieÌ?n del anÌ?o 1992, por lo que el personal fue
+encasillado hace muy poco tiempo y no corresponderiÌ?a, en tan breve lapso,
+otorgar nuevamente facultades para ello.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Parra fundoÌ? su voto en la
+circunstancia de que estima inoportuna la proposicioÌ?n, ya que al estarse
+haciendo un gran esfuerzo por fortalecer las facultades fiscalizadoras de
+la Superintendencia es inconveniente introducir elementos de inestabilidad
+y falta de compromiso en el personal que alliÌ? labora. Asimismo, senÌ?aloÌ?,
+pese a no ser partidario de la inamovilidad, cree que para separar a las
+personas de sus cargos debe recurrirse a las normas legales que permiten
+hacerlo por mal desempenÌ?o, cuando corresponda.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or NuÌ?nÌ?ez manifestoÌ? que votaba en
+contra la disposicioÌ?n porque era de opinioÌ?n de que una norma que establece
+una forma de encasillamiento de esta naturaleza debiÌ?a presentarse a traÌ?mite
+legislativo contando, sino con la anuencia, al menos con el conocimiento de
+los funcionarios, y haciendo notar que prefeririÌ?a que este tipo de normas
+se discutieran en un proyecto de ley separado.
+
+
+ Los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Prat senÌ?alaron que
+lo adecuado habriÌ?a sido, a su juicio, una norma que estableciera requisitos
+para cada cargo y que dispusiera que el encasillamiento se ajustara, previo
+concurso, a tales requisitos, exoneraÌ?ndose en los teÌ?rminos del CoÌ?digo del
+Trabajo a aquellos que no cumplieran con los requisitos.
+
+
+
+
+1.1.1.8 ARTIÌ?CULO 7º
+
+
+ Establece, en su primer inciso, que llenadas las
+vacantes por encasillamiento o por concurso, toda nueva vacante que se
+produzca en la Planta de Profesionales y Fiscalizadores de la
+Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles se haraÌ? por concurso
+puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ En su segundo inciso dispone que en estas materias
+se aplicaraÌ?n las normas del PaÌ?rrafo 1º del TiÌ?tulo II de la ley N° 18.834,
+en lo que fuere pertinente.
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas, en concordancia con lo
+resuelto respecto del ARTIÌ?CULO 6º, rechazaron el ARTIÌ?CULO 7º de la
+iniciativa. El acuerdo fue adoptado por la unanimidad de los miembros de
+las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de
+ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro,
+en su calidad de miembro de las dos Comisiones, y Zurita.
+
+
+
+1.1.1.9 ARTIÌ?CULO 8º
+
+
+ El senÌ?alado precepto es del tenor que se indica a
+continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 8º.- El Superintendente, con sujecioÌ?n a la
+planta y dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+Combustibles, gozaraÌ? de la maÌ?s amplia libertad para establecer, mediante
+resolucioÌ?n fundada, su organizacioÌ?n interna.
+
+
+ El personal a contrata de la Superintendencia podraÌ?
+desempenÌ?ar funciones de caraÌ?cter directivo o de jefatura, las que seraÌ?n
+asignadas, en cada caso, por el Superintendente. El personal a que se
+asignen tales funciones no podraÌ? exceder del 6% de la dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de la
+Superintendencia.".
+
+
+
+ Las Comisiones Unidas acordaron votar separadamente
+este precepto.
+
+
+ El inciso primero del ARTIÌ?CULO 8º propuesto fue
+aprobado por ocho votos contra dos. El acuerdo fue adoptado con los votos a
+favor de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como integrante de ambas
+Comisiones, y senÌ?ores NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, Prat, Pizarro, en su calidad de miembro
+de las dos Comisiones, y Zurita. Se pronunciaron en contra los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez y Lavandero.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo fue rechazado por siete votos
+contra tres. Se pronunciaron por el rechazo los HH. Senadores senÌ?ora
+Matthei, como integrante de ambas Comisiones, y los senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez,
+Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra, y Zurita. Votaron afirmativamente los HH.
+Senadores senÌ?ores Pizarro, en su calidad de miembro de las dos Comisiones,
+y Prat.
+
+
+
+
+1.1.1.10 ARTIÌ?CULO 1º TRANSITORIO
+
+
+ SenÌ?ala textualmente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º transitorio.- Hasta noventa diÌ?as,
+contados desde la fecha del encasillamiento, los funcionarios de carrera de
+la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, que reuÌ?nan los
+requisitos para obtener jubilacioÌ?n, pensioÌ?n o renta vitalicia en un reÌ?gimen
+previsional, y que hicieren dejacioÌ?n voluntaria de sus cargos, con el
+objeto de acogerse a alguno de estos beneficios, tendraÌ?n derecho a un
+incentivo monetario, equivalente al total de las remuneraciones devengadas
+en el mes de abril de 1999, por cada anÌ?o de servicio en la institucioÌ?n, con
+un maÌ?ximo de seis, el que no seraÌ? imponible ni constituiraÌ? renta para
+ninguÌ?n efecto legal.
+
+
+ El monto de este beneficio se incrementaraÌ? para
+aquellos funcionarios cuya jubilacioÌ?n o pensioÌ?n no se calcule en base a su
+uÌ?ltima remuneracioÌ?n imponible asignada al empleo en que jubilaren.
+
+
+ El incremento referido en el inciso anterior seraÌ? de
+hasta cuatro meses de las remuneraciones indicadas sobre el beneficio
+mencionado, atendiendo a criterios de geÌ?nero, edad y nivel de
+remuneraciones, seguÌ?n la siguiente tabla:
+
+
+ a) Las funcionarias tendraÌ?n un incremento de dos
+meses.
+
+ b) Los funcionarios mayores de 70 anÌ?os de edad, si
+son hombres y de 65 anÌ?os de edad, si son mujeres, tendraÌ?n un incremento
+adicional de un mes.
+
+
+ Con todo, si de la aplicacioÌ?n de las normas
+anteriores resultare un incremento superior a cuatro meses, se estaraÌ? a
+esta uÌ?ltima cantidad.
+
+
+ Los funcionarios que cesen en sus cargos por
+aplicacioÌ?n de lo dispuesto en este artiÌ?culo, no podraÌ?n ser nombrados ni
+contratados, ya sea a contrata o sobre la base de honorarios, en la
+Superintendencia, durante los cinco anÌ?os siguientes al teÌ?rmino de su
+relacioÌ?n laboral, a menos que previamente devuelvan la totalidad del
+beneficio percibido, expresada en unidades de fomento, maÌ?s el intereÌ?s
+corriente para operaciones reajustables.".
+
+
+
+ En concordancia con lo resuelto respecto del
+ARTIÌ?CULO 6º, las Comisiones Unidas rechazaron el ARTIÌ?CULO 1º TRANSITORIO
+del proyecto en informe. El acuerdo fue adoptado por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de las Comisiones Unidas, HH. Senadores senÌ?ora Matthei, como
+integrante de ambas Comisiones, y senÌ?ores DiÌ?ez, Lavandero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez, Parra,
+Prat, Pizarro, en su calidad de miembro de las dos Comisiones, y Zurita.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1.1.1.11 ARTIÌ?CULO 2º TRANSITORIO
+
+
+ Prescribe que el mayor gasto fiscal que la
+aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley represente durante el anÌ?o 1999 se financiaraÌ? con
+cargo al iÌ?tem 50-01-03-25-33.104, del Tesoro PuÌ?blico, del presupuesto
+vigente para 1999.
+
+
+
+ Fue aprobado por la misma unanimidad registrada
+respecto del rechazo del ARTIÌ?CULO 1º TRANSITORIO.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ Finalmente, las Comisiones Unidas consideraron una
+indicacioÌ?n formulada por el H. Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que
+introduciÌ?a un artiÌ?culo nuevo del siguiente tenor:
+
+
+ " ArtiÌ?culo.CreÌ?ase un Fondo de investigacioÌ?n, fomento
+del ahorro y desarrollo energeÌ?tico, cuyo objeto seraÌ? la investigacioÌ?n de
+nuevas formas de generacioÌ?n de energiÌ?a; compensacioÌ?n de danÌ?os a
+consumidores originados por accioÌ?n de generadores o distribuidores de
+energiÌ?a, y premio a los ahorrantes finales de energiÌ?a.
+
+
+ El Fondo seraÌ? administrado por la ComisioÌ?n Nacional
+de EnergiÌ?a y se constituiraÌ? por los recursos generados por las multas
+originadas en infracciones a la ley Nº 18.410.".
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n fue declarada inadmisible por el
+Presidente de las Comisiones Unidas, por incidir en materias de iniciativa
+exclusiva de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ En meÌ?rito de las consideraciones precedentemente
+expuestas, vuestras Comisiones de EconomiÌ?a y de MineriÌ?a y EnergiÌ?a, Unidas,
+tienen el honor de proponeros la aprobacioÌ?n del proyecto de ley de la
+Honorable CaÌ?mara de Diputados, con las siguientes modificaciones:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2 ARTIÌ?CULO 1º
+
+
+3 NuÌ?mero 1)
+
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "1) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 2º de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ SustituÌ?yese la parte final de este artiÌ?culo que
+dice: "para verificar que la calidad de los servicios que se presten a los
+usuarios sea la senÌ?alada en dichas disposiciones y normas teÌ?cnicas y que
+las antes citadas operaciones y el uso de los recursos energeÌ?ticos no
+constituyan peligro para las personas o cosas" por lo siguiente: "de
+conformidad a las atribuciones que le otorga la ley". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+4 NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+ Letra b)
+
+
+
+ Sustituir en el paÌ?rrafo segundo de esta letra la
+expresioÌ?n "requisar" por "retirar del comercio" (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+
+ Letra e)
+
+
+ Reemplazar en el primero de los paÌ?rrafos propuestos
+por esta letra la expresioÌ?n "podraÌ? disponer" por "deberaÌ? disponer".
+(Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+ Letra f)
+
+
+ Reemplazarla, por la siguiente, nueva:
+
+
+ "f) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 19, por el que a
+continuacioÌ?n se indica:
+
+
+ "19 Suspender transitoriamente las autorizaciones o
+licencias que se hayan otorgado de acuerdo con los nuÌ?meros 14, 15 y 26 de
+este artiÌ?culo, cuando compruebe que no se cumplen las exigencias teÌ?cnicas
+establecidas en la ley, los reglamentos y las normas teÌ?cnicas de
+cumplimiento obligatorio para detentar o ejercer tales autorizaciones o
+licencias. La suspensioÌ?n regiraÌ? hasta que se acredite el cumplimiento de
+las referidas exigencias." ". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ Letra h)
+
+
+ Sustituir al final del paÌ?rrafo primero del nuÌ?mero
+21, contenido en esta letra h), la frase "otorgan el citado cuerpo legal y
+su reglamento" por "otorga el citado cuerpo legal". (Unanimidad 10-0))
+
+
+ Agregar en el paÌ?rrafo segundo del nuÌ?mero 21,
+contenido en esta letra, entre las expresiones "referidas," y "los
+ingresos", lo siguiente: "la informacioÌ?n acerca de". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+ Letra i)
+
+
+ Agregar en el paÌ?rrafo cuarto, nuevo, que se anÌ?ade al
+nuÌ?mero 23, despueÌ?s del vocablo "fundada", la expresioÌ?n "de caraÌ?cter
+general". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ Letra k)
+
+
+ Reemplazarla por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "k) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 34, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "34.- Aplicar e interpretar administrativamente las
+disposiciones legales y reglamentarias cuyo cumplimiento le corresponde
+vigilar, e impartir instrucciones de caraÌ?cter general a las empresas y
+entidades sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n." ". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+ Letra l)
+
+
+5 NuÌ?mero 36
+
+
+ Suprimirlo. (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+
+6 NuÌ?mero 37
+
+
+ Pasa a ser nuÌ?mero 36, sin otra enmienda.
+
+
+7 NuÌ?mero 38
+
+
+ Pasa a ser nuÌ?mero 37, agregando entre las
+expresiones "demaÌ?s medidas" y "que contribuyan" la frase "de caraÌ?cter
+general". (8 a favor, dos abstenciones).
+
+
+8 NuÌ?mero 39
+
+
+ Pasa a ser nuÌ?mero 38, sin otra enmienda.
+
+
+
+ Letra m)
+
+
+ Reemplazarla por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "m) IncorpoÌ?rase el siguiente inciso segundo, nuevo,
+en el artiÌ?culo 3°:
+
+
+ "En los casos en que se obstaculizare o impidiere el
+pleno ejercicio de las atribuciones otorgadas a la Superintendencia para la
+proteccioÌ?n y seguridad de las personas, o para evitar un grave danÌ?o a la
+poblacioÌ?n, eÌ?sta podraÌ? solicitar, por razones fundadas, directamente del
+Intendente que corresponda, el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, con facultades
+de allanamiento y descerrajamiento, si fuere necesario." ". (Unanimidad 10-
+0).
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3)
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "3) IntercaÌ?lanse, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 3º,
+los siguientes artiÌ?culos nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 3º A.- La Superintendencia podraÌ? requerir,
+a las personas y empresas sometidas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n y a las relacionadas
+que mantienen transacciones con aqueÌ?llas, la informacioÌ?n que fuere
+necesaria para el ejercicio de sus funciones. Respecto de las empresas
+relacionadas, soÌ?lo podraÌ? solicitar la informacioÌ?n referida a las
+transacciones que hayan realizado con las empresas sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Las personas o empresas requeridas por la
+Superintendencia en uso de la facultad senÌ?alada precedentemente, soÌ?lo
+podraÌ?n exceptuarse de entregar la informacioÌ?n solicitada, invocando una
+norma legal vigente sobre secreto.
+
+
+
+ Asimismo, deberaÌ?n informar a la Superintendencia de
+cualquier hecho esencial relativo a la actividad fiscalizada,
+inmediatamente despueÌ?s de ocurrido eÌ?ste, o desde que se tomoÌ? conocimiento
+del mismo, o a maÌ?s tardar dentro de los tres diÌ?as siguientes, aun cuando no
+hubiere mediado requerimiento del citado organismo. En caso de que el
+tercer diÌ?a corresponda a un saÌ?bado, domingo o festivo, la informacioÌ?n podraÌ?
+ser proporcionada el siguiente diÌ?a haÌ?bil.
+
+
+ Para los efectos del inciso anterior, se entenderaÌ?
+como esencial todo hecho que pueda afectar gravemente la continuidad,
+calidad, regularidad y seguridad de los servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas o de
+combustibles, para un nuÌ?mero de usuarios igual o superior al 5% de los
+abastecidos por la informante.
+
+
+ El incumplimiento del requerimiento de informacioÌ?n o
+de la obligacioÌ?n de proporcionarla sin mediar aqueÌ?l, asiÌ? como la entrega de
+informacioÌ?n falsa, incompleta o manifiestamente erroÌ?nea, seraÌ?n sancionados
+en conformidad a esta ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º B.- Mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada, la
+Superintendencia podraÌ? requerir a las empresas y entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, bajo apercibimiento de multa, que efectuÌ?en auditoriÌ?as para
+comprobar la veracidad y exactitud de las informaciones que le hayan
+proporcionado.
+
+
+ La contratacioÌ?n y financiamiento de estas auditoriÌ?as
+corresponderaÌ? a la empresa o entidad requerida. El auditor deberaÌ? ser
+aprobado por la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ En los casos en que las conclusiones de una
+auditoriÌ?a validaren la informacioÌ?n examinada, la Superintendencia deberaÌ?
+reembolsar su costo a la empresa o entidad respectiva, dentro de un plazo
+no superior a seis meses, contado desde la fecha en que tomoÌ? conocimiento
+del resultado de la auditoriÌ?a.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º C.- Previa autorizacioÌ?n del juez de
+turno en lo civil competente, el Superintendente podraÌ? citar a declarar a
+los representantes, directores, administradores, asesores y dependientes de
+las entidades fiscalizadas, como asimismo a testigos, respecto de alguÌ?n
+hecho cuyo conocimiento estime necesario para el cumplimiento de sus
+funciones. No estaraÌ?n obligadas a concurrir a declarar las personas
+indicadas en el artiÌ?culo 361 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil, a las
+cuales la Superintendencia deberaÌ? pedir declaracioÌ?n por escrito.
+
+
+ El Superintendente podraÌ? requerir de la justicia
+ordinaria, en contra de las personas que habiendo sido citadas bajo
+apercibimiento no concurran sin causa justificada a declarar, la aplicacioÌ?n
+del procedimiento de apremio contemplado en los artiÌ?culos 93 y 94 del
+CoÌ?digo Tributario.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º D.- Los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia pertenecientes o asimilados a sus plantas de Profesionales
+y Fiscalizadores, designados como fiscalizadores de un servicio o
+instalacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica, de gas o combustibles liÌ?quidos, tendraÌ?n la calidad
+de ministros de fe en la verificacioÌ?n de los hechos constitutivos de
+infracciones a la normativa vigente.
+
+
+ Los hechos establecidos por dichos ministros de fe
+constituiraÌ?n una presuncioÌ?n legal.
+
+
+ Los funcionarios senÌ?alados en el inciso primero de
+esta disposicioÌ?n, debidamente acreditados, tendraÌ?n libre acceso a las
+centrales, subestaciones, talleres, liÌ?neas y demaÌ?s dependencias de los
+servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas y de combustibles liÌ?quidos, asiÌ? como a los
+Centros de Despacho EconoÌ?mico de Carga, para realizar las funciones de
+inspeccioÌ?n y fiscalizacioÌ?n que les hayan sido encomendadas. En el ejercicio
+de su cometido deberaÌ?n cumplir las normas y procedimientos de seguridad
+internos vigentes para las mencionadas dependencias.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º E.- El Superintendente, los funcionarios
+de la Superintendencia y las personas que le presten servicios bajo
+cualquier modalidad de contratacioÌ?n, deberaÌ?n guardar reserva de los
+documentos y antecedentes de las empresas y entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, siempre que tales documentos y antecedentes no tengan el
+caraÌ?cter de puÌ?blicos. La infraccioÌ?n de esta obligacioÌ?n seraÌ? sancionada en
+la forma establecida en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 247 del CoÌ?digo
+Penal, sin perjuicio de las sanciones administrativas que procedan. Esta
+prohibicioÌ?n, en beneficio propio o de terceros, obliga hasta tres anÌ?os
+despueÌ?s de dejar el cargo funcionario o haber prestado servicios.
+
+
+ El Superintendente y los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia no podraÌ?n, por siÌ? o a traveÌ?s de otras personas naturales o
+juriÌ?dicas, tener negocios ni prestar servicios a las empresas o entidades
+sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n o sus relacionadas. La contravencioÌ?n de esta
+prohibicioÌ?n acarrearaÌ? para el infractor la destitucioÌ?n del cargo, sin
+perjuicio de las demaÌ?s responsabilidades civiles y penales que pudieren
+imputaÌ?rsele." ". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+
+9 NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+10 ArtiÌ?culo 15.-
+
+11 Inciso primero
+
+
+ -Eliminar la expresioÌ?n "o reglamentarios".
+(Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ Inciso Tercero
+
+
+ -Reemplazar su nuÌ?mero 1) por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "1) Hayan producido la muerte o lesioÌ?n grave a las
+personas, en los teÌ?rminos del artiÌ?culo 397 Nº 1º, del CoÌ?digo Penal;".
+(Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ -Reemplazar su nuÌ?mero 2), por el siguiente, nuevo:
+
+
+ "2) Hayan entregado informacioÌ?n falseada que pueda
+afectar el normal funcionamiento del mercado o los procesos de regulacioÌ?n
+de precios;". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ - Agregar al final de su nuÌ?mero 3), antes del punto
+y coma (;), lo siguiente:", en forma significativa". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ - AnÌ?adir al final de su nuÌ?mero 4), antes del punto y
+coma (;), lo siguiente:", maÌ?s allaÌ? de los estaÌ?ndares permitidos por las
+normas". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+ - Reemplazar en su nuÌ?mero 5) el vocablo "global" por
+la palabra "generalizada". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+12 Inciso cuarto
+
+
+ Sustituir su nuÌ?mero 1), por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "1) Hayan causado lesiones que no sean las senÌ?aladas
+en el nuÌ?mero 1) del inciso anterior, o signifiquen peligro para la
+seguridad o salud de las personas;". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ -Reemplazar sus nuÌ?meros 2) y 3), por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "2) Hayan causado danÌ?o a los bienes de un nuÌ?mero
+significativo de usuarios;
+
+
+ 3) Pongan en peligro la regularidad, continuidad,
+calidad o seguridad del servicio respectivo;". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+
+ -Sustituir en su nuÌ?mero 4) el vocablo "global" por
+la palabra "generalizada". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ -Reemplazar su nuÌ?mero 5), por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "5) No acaten las oÌ?rdenes e instrucciones de la
+autoridad y, en el caso de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico, incumplan las oÌ?rdenes
+impartidas por el respectivo organismo coordinador de la operacioÌ?n, de lo
+cual se deriven los riesgos a que se refieren los nuÌ?meros anteriores; ".
+(MayoriÌ?a 8 votos a favor, 2 en contra).
+
+
+ -Agregar el siguiente nuÌ?mero 6), nuevo, pasando sus
+actuales nuÌ?meros 6) y 7) a ser 7) y 8), respectivamente, con la sola
+enmienda de reemplazar al final del actual nuÌ?mero 6) la letra "o" por "u".
+
+
+ "6) Constituyan una negativa a entregar informacioÌ?n
+en los casos que la ley autorice a la Superintendencia o a la ComisioÌ?n
+Nacional de EnergiÌ?a para exigirla.". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+13 NuÌ?mero 5)
+
+13.1.1.1 ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ Inciso primero
+
+
+ -Suprimir, en su nuÌ?mero 2) las expresiones: "y de
+cualquier otra cantidad expresamente senÌ?alada por las leyes".(Unanimidad 10-
+0).
+
+
+ Inciso segundo
+
+
+ -Reemplazar en su letra b) la expresioÌ?n "nuÌ?mero" por
+el vocablo "porcentaje". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ -Sustituir su letra c) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "c) El beneficio econoÌ?mico obtenido con motivo de la
+infraccioÌ?n.". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+ -Reemplazar su letra d) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "d) La intencionalidad en la comisioÌ?n de la
+infraccioÌ?n y el grado de participacioÌ?n en el hecho, accioÌ?n u omisioÌ?n
+constitutiva de la misma.". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ -Sustituir sus letras e) y f), por la siguiente
+letra e), nueva:
+
+
+ "e) La conducta anterior.". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+ -La letra g) pasa a ser f), sin otra enmienda.
+
+
+Agregar el siguiente inciso final:
+
+
+ "En ninguÌ?n caso el monto de la multa que se aplique
+podraÌ? comprometer la continuidad del servicio prestado por el afectado.".
+(Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+
+13.1.1.2 NuÌ?mero 6)
+
+13.1.1.3 ArtiÌ?culo 16 A
+
+
+ Reemplazar en sus tres nuÌ?meros la expresioÌ?n y/o por
+la letra "o".
+
+
+14 ArtiÌ?culo 16 B
+
+14.1.1.1 Inciso primero
+
+
+ AnÌ?adir entre las palabras "usuarios" y "afectados"
+la frase "sujetos a regulacioÌ?n de precios" (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+14.1.1.2 Inciso segundo
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+15 NuÌ?mero 7)
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "7) SustituÌ?yese el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 17,
+por los siguientes incisos, nuevos:
+
+
+ "Toda sancioÌ?n aplicada por la Superintendencia
+deberaÌ? fundarse en un procedimiento que se iniciaraÌ? con la formulacioÌ?n
+precisa de los cargos y su notificacioÌ?n al imputado para que presente su
+defensa. El plazo conferido para presentar los descargos no podraÌ? ser
+inferior a quince diÌ?as.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia daraÌ? lugar a las medidas
+probatorias que solicite el imputado en sus descargos, o las rechazaraÌ? con
+expresioÌ?n de causa.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que se dicte en definitiva deberaÌ?
+pronunciarse sobre las alegaciones y defensas del imputado y contendraÌ? la
+declaracioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n impuesta o la absolucioÌ?n. El pronunciamiento
+anterior se haraÌ? dentro de los 30 diÌ?as de evacuada la uÌ?ltima diligencia
+ordenada en el expediente.
+
+
+ Los Directores Regionales de la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles tendraÌ?n competencia, en su respectiva RegioÌ?n,
+para instruir, en el marco de las atribuciones que la ley le otorga a la
+referida Superintendencia, toda clase de investigaciones. No obstante,
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n aplicar aquellas sanciones para las cuales les haya sido
+delegada la atribucioÌ?n por el Superintendente.
+
+
+ El recurso jeraÌ?rquico, en su caso, se regiraÌ? por las
+normas que establece el artiÌ?culo 18 A.". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+15.1.1.1 NuÌ?mero 8)
+
+
+ Sustituir el vocablo "esta" por "eÌ?sta". (Unanimidad
+10-0)
+
+
+15.1.1.2 NuÌ?mero 10)
+
+15.1.1.3 ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+15.1.1.4 Inciso primero
+
+
+ Remplazar la expresioÌ?n numeÌ?rica "quince" por "diez".
+(Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+15.1.1.5 Incisos Segundo, Tercero, Cuarto, Quinto y Sexto
+
+
+ Sustituirlos por los que se indican a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "Las sanciones que impongan multa seraÌ?n siempre
+reclamables y no seraÌ?n exigibles mientras no esteÌ? vencido el plazo para
+interponer la reclamacioÌ?n, o eÌ?sta no haya sido resuelta. Para interponer la
+reclamacioÌ?n contra una multa deberaÌ? acompanÌ?arse boleta de consignacioÌ?n a la
+orden de la Corte, por el 25% del monto de la misma.
+
+
+ La Corte de Apelaciones daraÌ? traslado de la
+reclamacioÌ?n a la Superintendencia, notificaÌ?ndole por oficio y eÌ?sta
+dispondraÌ? del plazo de diez diÌ?as haÌ?biles contado desde que se notifique la
+reclamacioÌ?n interpuesta, para formular observaciones.
+
+
+ La Corte no podraÌ? decretar medida alguna que
+suspenda los efectos del acto reclamado, cuando la suspensioÌ?n de los
+efectos de la resolucioÌ?n pueda afectar la calidad del servicio, la
+continuidad del mismo o la seguridad de las personas.
+
+
+ Evacuado el traslado por la Superintendencia, o
+vencido el plazo de que dispone para formular observaciones, el tribunal
+ordenaraÌ? traer los autos en relacioÌ?n y la causa se agregaraÌ?
+extraordinariamente a la tabla de la audiencia maÌ?s proÌ?xima, previo sorteo
+de la Sala, pudiendo la Corte, si lo estima pertinente, abrir un teÌ?rmino
+probatorio y escuchar los alegatos de las partes. En caso de no acogerse el
+reclamo, el monto de la consignacioÌ?n se entenderaÌ? abonado al pago de la
+multa y, en caso de acogerse, regiraÌ? lo dispuesto en el inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 20.
+
+
+15.1.1.5.1 La Corte dictaraÌ? sentencia dentro del teÌ?rmino de
+quince diÌ?as. Contra la resolucioÌ?n de la Corte de Apelaciones que ratifique
+las sanciones impuestas se podraÌ? reclamar ante la Corte Suprema, dentro del
+plazo de 10 diÌ?as haÌ?biles, la que conoceraÌ? en la forma prevista en los
+incisos anteriores.". (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+15.1.1.6 ARTIÌ?CULO 2º
+
+
+15.1.1.7 NuÌ?mero 2)
+
+
+15.1.1.8 ArtiÌ?culo 99bis
+
+15.1.1.9 Inciso primero
+
+
+ Reemplazarlo por el que se senÌ?ala a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 99 bis.- El Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a,
+Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, previo informe de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de
+EnergiÌ?a, podraÌ? dictar un decreto de racionamiento, en caso de producirse o
+proyectarse fundadamente un deÌ?ficit de generacioÌ?n en un sistema eleÌ?ctrico,
+a consecuencia de fallas prolongadas de centrales eleÌ?ctricas o de
+situaciones de sequiÌ?a. El decreto que se dicte, ademaÌ?s de establecer los
+caÌ?lculos, valores y procedimientos a que se refiere el inciso final de este
+artiÌ?culo, dispondraÌ? las medidas que, dentro de sus facultades, la autoridad
+estime conducentes y necesarias para evitar, manejar, disminuir o superar
+el deÌ?ficit, en el maÌ?s breve plazo prudencial. Dichas medidas se
+orientaraÌ?n, principalmente, a reducir los impactos del deÌ?ficit para los
+usuarios, a incentivar y fomentar el aumento de capacidad de generacioÌ?n en
+el respectivo sistema, a estimular o premiar el ahorro voluntario y a
+aminorar los costos econoÌ?micos que dicho deÌ?ficit pueda ocasionar al paiÌ?s.".
+ (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+15.1.1.10 Inciso tercero
+
+
+ Sustituir la expresioÌ?n "anÌ?o anterior" por "uÌ?ltimo
+anÌ?o sin racionamiento". (MayoriÌ?a de votos 6 a favor y 4 abstenciones)
+
+
+15.1.1.11 Inciso cuarto
+
+
+ Reemplazar la expresioÌ?n "termoeleÌ?ctricas" por
+"eleÌ?ctricas" y agregar despueÌ?s de la expresioÌ?n "calificadas" las palabras
+"por siÌ? solas". (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ AnÌ?adir el siguiente inciso final, nuevo, al artiÌ?culo
+99 bis:
+
+
+ "Las transferencias de los excedentes de energiÌ?a que
+se produzcan entre generadores integrantes de un Centro de Despacho
+EconoÌ?mico de Carga, con ocasioÌ?n de la dictacioÌ?n de un decreto de
+racionamiento que disponga la distribucioÌ?n proporcional del deÌ?ficit,
+tambieÌ?n se valorizaraÌ?n al costo marginal aplicable a las transferencias de
+energiÌ?a en el sistema en condiciones de racionamiento, vale decir a costo
+de falla.". (MayoriÌ?a de votos 9-1)
+
+
+
+
+15.1.1.12 NuÌ?mero 4)
+
+
+ Suprimir el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 138
+contenido en este numeral. (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+15.1.1.13 ARTIÌ?CULO 4º
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (MayoriÌ?a de votos 6-4)
+
+
+
+15.1.1.14 ARTIÌ?CULO 5º
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 4º, sustituyendo la expresioÌ?n
+numeÌ?rica "diez" por "ocho". (Unanimidad 10-0).
+
+
+
+
+15.1.1.15 ARTIÌ?CULO 6º
+
+
+ Suprimirlo. (MayoriÌ?a de votos 8-2).
+
+
+
+
+15.1.1.16 ARTIÌ?CULO 7º
+
+
+ Rechazarlo. (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+15.1.1.17 ARTIÌ?CULO 8º
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 5º suprimiendo su inciso
+segundo. (MayoriÌ?a de votos 7-3)
+
+
+
+ 15.1.1.17.1 ARTICULO 1º TRANSITORIO
+
+
+ Suprimirlo (Unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+
+15.1.1.18 ARTICULO 2º TRANSITORIO
+
+
+ Pasa a ser ARTICULO TRANSITORIO, sin otra enmienda.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de las modificaciones anteriores,
+el texto de la iniciativa queda como sigue
+
+
+
+
+
+ "PROYECTO DE LEY:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes
+modificaciones en la ley N° 18.410, que crea la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles:
+
+
+ 1) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 2º de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ SustituÌ?yese la parte final de este artiÌ?culo que
+dice: "para verificar que la calidad de los servicios que se presten a los
+usuarios sea la senÌ?alada en dichas disposiciones y normas teÌ?cnicas y que
+las antes citadas operaciones y el uso de los recursos energeÌ?ticos no
+constituyan peligro para las personas o cosas" por lo siguiente: "de
+conformidad a las atribuciones que le otorga la ley".
+
+
+ 2) ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 3º de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) AgreÌ?gase, en el nuÌ?mero 13, el siguiente paÌ?rrafo
+segundo, nuevo:
+
+
+ "La Superintendencia deberaÌ? llevar un archivo
+actualizado de los antecedentes relativos a las concesiones eleÌ?ctricas, de
+gas y de combustibles liÌ?quidos.".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese el paÌ?rrafo segundo del nuÌ?mero 14, por
+los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Las maÌ?quinas, instrumentos, equipos, artefactos,
+aparatos y materiales que, de conformidad con la normativa vigente, deban
+sujetarse a la certificacioÌ?n prevista en el paÌ?rrafo anterior, no podraÌ?n
+comercializarse en el paiÌ?s sin contar con el respectivo certificado de
+aprobacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia podraÌ? retirar del comercio, con
+el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, la totalidad de los materiales o productos
+de cualquier procedencia que, estando obligados a obtener certificado de
+aprobacioÌ?n, sean comercializados en el paiÌ?s sin contar con eÌ?ste.
+
+
+ El certificado de aprobacioÌ?n daraÌ? derecho al uso de
+un distintivo en los productos respectivos. El uso indebido de eÌ?ste seraÌ?
+sancionado de conformidad a esta ley.".
+
+
+ c) AgreÌ?gase, en el nuÌ?mero 15, a continuacioÌ?n del
+punto final (.), que pasa a ser coma (,), la siguiente frase:
+
+
+ "de conformidad con las normas reglamentarias
+pertinentes.".
+
+
+ d) IncorpoÌ?rase, en el nuÌ?mero 16, el siguiente
+paÌ?rrafo segundo, nuevo:
+
+
+ "Las pruebas de los instrumentos de medida seraÌ?n de
+cargo de la empresa concesionaria si se comprobare que los instrumentos son
+inexactos y no se ajustan a la norma respectiva y, por el contrario, seraÌ?n
+de cargo del reclamante, si se comprobare que operan dentro de las
+tolerancias permitidas.".
+
+
+ e) ReemplaÌ?zase el paÌ?rrafo segundo del nuÌ?mero 17, por
+los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Los reclamos seraÌ?n comunicados por la
+Superintendencia a los afectados, fijaÌ?ndoles un plazo prudencial para
+informar. Si dicho informe fuere suficiente para esclarecer la cuestioÌ?n
+debatida, dictaraÌ? resolucioÌ?n inmediata. Si el afectado no contestare en el
+plazo fijado o si el hecho imputado fuere estimado de gravedad, la
+Superintendencia deberaÌ? disponer que se practique una investigacioÌ?n que le
+permita formarse juicio completo y dictar la resolucioÌ?n que sea procedente.
+
+
+ En las resoluciones que dicte podraÌ? aplicar multas u
+otras sanciones, conforme lo autoriza esta ley.
+
+
+ Del mismo modo, aunque no medie reclamo, en los
+casos en que la Superintendencia compruebe infracciones de las normas cuyo
+cumplimiento le corresponde fiscalizar, podraÌ? aplicar a los infractores las
+sanciones referidas.
+
+
+ La forma de tramitacioÌ?n, los plazos, los requisitos
+que deben cumplir las diligencias y actuaciones y la aplicacioÌ?n de
+sanciones, asiÌ? como la interposicioÌ?n de recursos en contra de las referidas
+resoluciones, se ajustaraÌ?n a lo dispuesto en el TiÌ?tulo IV de esta ley y a
+lo que disponga el reglamento respectivo.".
+
+
+
+ f) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 19, por el que a
+continuacioÌ?n se indica:
+
+
+ "19.- Suspender transitoriamente las autorizaciones
+o licencias que se hayan otorgado de acuerdo con los nuÌ?meros 14, 15 y 26 de
+este artiÌ?culo, cuando compruebe que no se cumplen las exigencias teÌ?cnicas
+establecidas en la ley, los reglamentos y las normas teÌ?cnicas de
+cumplimiento obligatorio para detentar o ejercer tales autorizaciones o
+licencias. La suspensioÌ?n regiraÌ? hasta que se acredite el cumplimiento de
+las referidas exigencias.".
+
+
+ g) SupriÌ?mese, en el nuÌ?mero 20, la frase "de hasta
+diez unidades tributarias mensuales,", que sigue a la palabra "multa".
+
+
+ h) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 21, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "21.- Verificar y examinar los costos de explotacioÌ?n
+y el valor nuevo de reemplazo de las empresas concesionarias de servicio
+puÌ?blico de distribucioÌ?n de electricidad, que le sean comunicados conforme a
+la ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, y ejercer las facultades que en
+esta materia le otorga el citado cuerpo legal.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia estaraÌ?, ademaÌ?s, facultada para
+requerir de las empresas referidas, la informacioÌ?n acerca de los ingresos
+de explotacioÌ?n mensuales.".
+
+
+ i) AgreÌ?ganse los siguientes paÌ?rrafos segundo,
+tercero y cuarto, nuevos, al nuÌ?mero 23:
+
+
+ "Para la fiscalizacioÌ?n del cumplimiento de las
+normas vigentes en las instalaciones a que se refiere el paÌ?rrafo anterior,
+la Superintendencia podraÌ? autorizar a laboratorios, entidades o
+instaladores, para que efectuÌ?en inspeccioÌ?n de las mismas y realicen o hagan
+realizar, bajo su exclusiva responsabilidad, las pruebas y ensayos que
+dicho organismo estime necesarios, para constatar que cumplen con las
+especificaciones normales y no constituyen peligro para las personas o
+cosas.
+
+
+ Las instalaciones inspeccionadas que cumplan con lo
+senÌ?alado en el paÌ?rrafo anterior tendraÌ?n derecho a un certificado o sello,
+cuyas caracteriÌ?sticas y vigencia seraÌ?n establecidas por la
+Superintendencia, de acuerdo con la naturaleza de las mismas.
+
+
+ El procedimiento para la acreditacioÌ?n, autorizacioÌ?n
+y control de las entidades o instaladores inspectores, seraÌ? establecido por
+la Superintendencia mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada de caraÌ?cter general. Las
+entidades e inspectores asiÌ? autorizados quedaraÌ?n sujetos a la permanente
+fiscalizacioÌ?n y supervigilancia de la Superintendencia.".
+
+
+ j) ReemplaÌ?zase, en el nuÌ?mero 30, la frase "los
+reglamentos especiales de servicio que las empresas deban someter a su
+aprobacioÌ?n" por la expresioÌ?n "las demaÌ?s materias de su competencia".
+
+
+ k) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 34, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "34.- Aplicar e interpretar administrativamente las
+disposiciones legales y reglamentarias cuyo cumplimiento le corresponde
+vigilar, e impartir instrucciones de caraÌ?cter general a las empresas y
+entidades sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ l) AgreÌ?ganse, a continuacioÌ?n del nuÌ?mero 34, los
+siguientes nuÌ?meros, nuevos:
+
+
+ "35.- Pronunciarse sobre los reglamentos especiales
+de servicio que las empresas concesionarias de servicio puÌ?blico sometan a
+su aprobacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 36.- Fijar normas de caraÌ?cter general sobre la forma
+y modo de presentacioÌ?n de la informacioÌ?n que las entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n deban proporcionarle de conformidad a las leyes y reglamentos
+vigentes.
+
+
+ No obstante lo establecido en el paÌ?rrafo anterior,
+las nuevas normas que se dicten no afectaraÌ?n la validez de las
+informaciones presentadas con anterioridad a su vigencia.
+
+
+ 37.- Ordenar, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, durante la
+vigencia de un decreto de racionamiento y previo informe favorable de la
+ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, la reduccioÌ?n de los consumos prescindibles de
+los particulares y oÌ?rganos del Estado, y las demaÌ?s medidas de caraÌ?cter
+general que contribuyan a la disminucioÌ?n del deÌ?ficit de energiÌ?a.
+
+
+ 38.- Ejercer las demaÌ?s funciones y atribuciones que
+el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico confiera a la Superintendencia de Servicios
+EleÌ?ctricos y de Gas o a la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+Combustibles.".
+
+
+ m) IncorpoÌ?rase el siguiente inciso segundo, nuevo,
+en el artiÌ?culo 3°:
+
+
+ "En los casos en que se obstaculizare o impidiere el
+pleno ejercicio de las atribuciones otorgadas a la Superintendencia para la
+proteccioÌ?n y seguridad de las personas, o para evitar un grave danÌ?o a la
+poblacioÌ?n, eÌ?sta podraÌ? solicitar, por razones fundadas, directamente del
+Intendente que corresponda, el auxilio de la fuerza puÌ?blica, con facultades
+de allanamiento y descerrajamiento, si fuere necesario.".
+
+
+ 3) IntercaÌ?lanse, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 3º, los
+siguientes artiÌ?culos nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 3º A.- La Superintendencia podraÌ? requerir,
+a las personas y empresas sometidas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n y a las relacionadas
+que mantienen transacciones con aqueÌ?llas, la informacioÌ?n que fuere
+necesaria para el ejercicio de sus funciones. Respecto de las empresas
+relacionadas, soÌ?lo podraÌ? solicitar la informacioÌ?n referida a las
+transacciones que hayan realizado con las empresas sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Las personas o empresas requeridas por la
+Superintendencia en uso de la facultad senÌ?alada precedentemente, soÌ?lo
+podraÌ?n exceptuarse de entregar la informacioÌ?n solicitada, invocando una
+norma legal vigente sobre secreto.
+
+
+ Asimismo, deberaÌ?n informar a la Superintendencia de
+cualquier hecho esencial relativo a la actividad fiscalizada,
+inmediatamente despueÌ?s de ocurrido eÌ?ste, o desde que se tomoÌ? conocimiento
+del mismo, o a maÌ?s tardar dentro de los tres diÌ?as siguientes, aun cuando no
+hubiere mediado requerimiento del citado organismo. En caso de que el
+tercer diÌ?a corresponda a un saÌ?bado, domingo o festivo, la informacioÌ?n podraÌ?
+ser proporcionada el siguiente diÌ?a haÌ?bil.
+
+
+ Para los efectos del inciso anterior, se entenderaÌ?
+como esencial todo hecho que pueda afectar gravemente la continuidad,
+calidad, regularidad y seguridad de los servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas o de
+combustibles, para un nuÌ?mero de usuarios igual o superior al 5% de los
+abastecidos por la informante.
+
+
+ El incumplimiento del requerimiento de informacioÌ?n o
+de la obligacioÌ?n de proporcionarla sin mediar aqueÌ?l, asiÌ? como la entrega de
+informacioÌ?n falsa, incompleta o manifiestamente erroÌ?nea, seraÌ?n sancionados
+en conformidad a esta ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º B.- Mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada, la
+Superintendencia podraÌ? requerir a las empresas y entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, bajo apercibimiento de multa, que efectuÌ?en auditoriÌ?as para
+comprobar la veracidad y exactitud de las informaciones que le hayan
+proporcionado.
+
+
+ La contratacioÌ?n y financiamiento de estas auditoriÌ?as
+corresponderaÌ? a la empresa o entidad requerida. El auditor deberaÌ? ser
+aprobado por la Superintendencia.
+
+
+ En los casos en que las conclusiones de una
+auditoriÌ?a validaren la informacioÌ?n examinada, la Superintendencia deberaÌ?
+reembolsar su costo a la empresa o entidad respectiva, dentro de un plazo
+no superior a seis meses, contado desde la fecha en que tomoÌ? conocimiento
+del resultado de la auditoriÌ?a.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º C.- Previa autorizacioÌ?n del juez de
+turno en lo civil competente, el Superintendente podraÌ? citar a declarar a
+los representantes, directores, administradores, asesores y dependientes de
+las entidades fiscalizadas, como asimismo a testigos, respecto de alguÌ?n
+hecho cuyo conocimiento estime necesario para el cumplimiento de sus
+funciones. No estaraÌ?n obligadas a concurrir a declarar las personas
+indicadas en el artiÌ?culo 361 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil, a las
+cuales la Superintendencia deberaÌ? pedir declaracioÌ?n por escrito.
+
+
+ El Superintendente podraÌ? requerir de la justicia
+ordinaria, en contra de las personas que habiendo sido citadas bajo
+apercibimiento no concurran sin causa justificada a declarar, la aplicacioÌ?n
+del procedimiento de apremio contemplado en los artiÌ?culos 93 y 94 del
+CoÌ?digo Tributario.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º D.- Los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia pertenecientes o asimilados a sus plantas de Profesionales
+y Fiscalizadores, designados como fiscalizadores de un servicio o
+instalacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica, de gas o combustibles liÌ?quidos, tendraÌ?n la calidad
+de ministros de fe en la verificacioÌ?n de los hechos constitutivos de
+infracciones a la normativa vigente.
+
+
+ Los hechos establecidos por dichos ministros de fe
+constituiraÌ?n una presuncioÌ?n legal.
+
+
+ Los funcionarios senÌ?alados en el inciso primero de
+esta disposicioÌ?n, debidamente acreditados, tendraÌ?n libre acceso a las
+centrales, subestaciones, talleres, liÌ?neas y demaÌ?s dependencias de los
+servicios eleÌ?ctricos, de gas y de combustibles liÌ?quidos, asiÌ? como a los
+Centros de Despacho EconoÌ?mico de Carga, para realizar las funciones de
+inspeccioÌ?n y fiscalizacioÌ?n que les hayan sido encomendadas. En el ejercicio
+de su cometido deberaÌ?n cumplir las normas y procedimientos de seguridad
+internos vigentes para las mencionadas dependencias.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º E.- El Superintendente, los funcionarios
+de la Superintendencia y las personas que le presten servicios bajo
+cualquier modalidad de contratacioÌ?n, deberaÌ?n guardar reserva de los
+documentos y antecedentes de las empresas y entidades sujetas a su
+fiscalizacioÌ?n, siempre que tales documentos y antecedentes no tengan el
+caraÌ?cter de puÌ?blicos. La infraccioÌ?n de esta obligacioÌ?n seraÌ? sancionada en
+la forma establecida en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 247 del CoÌ?digo
+Penal, sin perjuicio de las sanciones administrativas que procedan. Esta
+prohibicioÌ?n, en beneficio propio o de terceros, obliga hasta tres anÌ?os
+despueÌ?s de dejar el cargo funcionario o haber prestado servicios.
+
+
+ El Superintendente y los funcionarios de la
+Superintendencia no podraÌ?n, por siÌ? o a traveÌ?s de otras personas naturales o
+juriÌ?dicas, tener negocios ni prestar servicios a las empresas o entidades
+sujetas a su fiscalizacioÌ?n o sus relacionadas. La contravencioÌ?n de esta
+prohibicioÌ?n acarrearaÌ? para el infractor la destitucioÌ?n del cargo, sin
+perjuicio de las demaÌ?s responsabilidades civiles y penales que pudieren
+imputaÌ?rsele.".
+
+
+ 4) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 15, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 15.- Las empresas, entidades o personas
+naturales, sujetas a la fiscalizacioÌ?n o supervisioÌ?n de la Superintendencia,
+que incurrieren en infracciones de las leyes, reglamentos y demaÌ?s normas
+relacionadas con electricidad, gas y combustibles liÌ?quidos, o en
+incumplimiento de las instrucciones y oÌ?rdenes que les imparta la
+Superintendencia, podraÌ?n ser objeto de la aplicacioÌ?n por eÌ?sta de las
+sanciones que se senÌ?alan en este TiÌ?tulo, sin perjuicio de las establecidas
+especiÌ?ficamente en esta ley o en otros cuerpos legales.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de la aplicacioÌ?n de las sanciones a
+que se refiere el inciso anterior, las infracciones administrativas se
+clasifican en graviÌ?simas, graves y leves.
+
+
+ Son infracciones graviÌ?simas los hechos, actos u
+omisiones que contravengan las disposiciones pertinentes y que
+alternativamente:
+
+
+ 1) Hayan producido la muerte o lesioÌ?n grave a las
+personas, en los teÌ?rminos del artiÌ?culo 397 Nº 1º, del CoÌ?digo Penal;
+
+
+ 2) Hayan entregado informacioÌ?n falseada que pueda
+afectar el normal funcionamiento del mercado o los procesos de regulacioÌ?n
+de precios;
+
+
+ 3) Hayan afectado a la generalidad de los usuarios o
+clientes abastecidos por el infractor, en forma significativa;
+
+
+ 4) Hayan alterado la regularidad, continuidad,
+calidad o seguridad del servicio respectivo, maÌ?s allaÌ? de los estaÌ?ndares
+permitidos por las normas;
+
+
+ 5) Hayan ocasionado una falla generalizada en el
+funcionamiento de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico o de combustibles, o
+
+
+ 6) Constituyan reiteracioÌ?n o reincidencia en
+infracciones calificadas como graves de acuerdo con este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Son infracciones graves, los hechos, actos u
+omisiones que contravengan las disposiciones pertinentes y que,
+alternativamente:
+
+
+ 1) Hayan causado lesiones que no sean las senÌ?aladas
+en el nuÌ?mero 1) del inciso anterior, o signifiquen peligro para la
+seguridad o salud de las personas;
+
+
+ 2) Hayan causado danÌ?o a los bienes de un nuÌ?mero
+significativo de usuarios;
+
+
+ 3) Pongan en peligro la regularidad, continuidad,
+calidad o seguridad del servicio respectivo;
+
+
+ 4) Involucren peligro o riesgo de ocasionar una
+falla generalizada del sistema eleÌ?ctrico o de combustibles;
+
+
+ 5) No acaten las oÌ?rdenes e instrucciones de la
+autoridad y, en el caso de un sistema eleÌ?ctrico, incumplan las oÌ?rdenes
+impartidas por el respectivo organismo coordinador de la operacioÌ?n, de lo
+cual se deriven los riesgos a que se refieren los nuÌ?meros anteriores;
+
+
+ 6) Constituyan una negativa a entregar informacioÌ?n
+en los casos que la ley autorice a la Superintendencia o a la ComisioÌ?n
+Nacional de EnergiÌ?a para exigirla;
+
+
+ 7) Conlleven alteracioÌ?n de los precios o de las
+cantidades suministradas, en perjuicio de los usuarios, u
+
+
+ 8) Constituyan persistente reiteracioÌ?n de una misma
+infraccioÌ?n calificada como leve de acuerdo con este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Son infracciones leves los hechos, actos u omisiones
+que contravengan cualquier precepto obligatorio y que no constituyan
+infraccioÌ?n graviÌ?sima o grave, de acuerdo con lo previsto en los incisos
+anteriores.".
+
+
+ 5) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 16, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 16.- De acuerdo con la naturaleza y
+gravedad de las infracciones, determinada seguÌ?n lo previsto en las normas
+del presente TiÌ?tulo, eÌ?stas podraÌ?n ser objeto de las siguientes sanciones:
+
+
+ 1) AmonestacioÌ?n por escrito;
+
+
+ 2) Multa de una unidad tributaria mensual a diez mil
+unidades tributarias anuales;
+
+
+ 3) RevocacioÌ?n de autorizacioÌ?n o licencia;
+
+
+ 4) Comiso;
+
+
+ 5) Clausura temporal o definitiva, y
+
+
+ 6) Caducidad de la concesioÌ?n provisional.
+
+
+ Para la determinacioÌ?n de las correspondientes
+sanciones, se consideraraÌ?n las siguientes circunstancias:
+
+
+ a) La importancia del danÌ?o causado o del peligro
+ocasionado.
+
+
+ b) El porcentaje de usuarios afectados por la
+infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ c) El beneficio econoÌ?mico obtenido con motivo de la
+infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ d) La intencionalidad en la comisioÌ?n de la
+infraccioÌ?n y el grado de participacioÌ?n en el hecho, accioÌ?n u omisioÌ?n
+constitutiva de la misma.
+
+
+ e) La conducta anterior.
+
+
+ f) La capacidad econoÌ?mica del infractor.
+
+
+ En ninguÌ?n caso el monto de la multa que se aplique
+podraÌ? comprometer la continuidad del servicio prestado por el afectado. ".
+
+
+ 6) IntercaÌ?lanse, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 16, los
+siguientes artiÌ?culos 16 A y 16 B, nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 16 A.- Sin perjuicio de las sanciones que
+establezcan leyes especiales, las infracciones tipificadas precedentemente
+podraÌ?n ser sancionadas con:
+
+
+ 1.- Multa de hasta diez mil unidades tributarias
+anuales, revocacioÌ?n de autorizacioÌ?n o licencia, comiso o clausura,
+trataÌ?ndose de infracciones graviÌ?simas, conforme a lo establecido en el
+artiÌ?culo 15;
+
+
+ 2.- Multa de hasta cinco mil unidades tributarias
+anuales, revocacioÌ?n de autorizacioÌ?n o licencia, comiso o clausura,
+trataÌ?ndose de infracciones graves, de acuerdo con el artiÌ?culo antes citado,
+y
+
+
+ 3.- Multa de hasta quinientas unidades tributarias
+anuales o amonestacioÌ?n por escrito, trataÌ?ndose de infracciones leves.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16 B.- Sin perjuicio de las sanciones que
+correspondan, la interrupcioÌ?n o suspensioÌ?n del suministro de energiÌ?a
+eleÌ?ctrica no autorizada en conformidad a la ley y los reglamentos, que
+afecte parcial o iÌ?ntegramente una o maÌ?s aÌ?reas de concesioÌ?n de distribucioÌ?n,
+daraÌ? lugar a una compensacioÌ?n a los usuarios sujetos a regulacioÌ?n de
+precios afectados, de cargo del concesionario, equivalente al duplo del
+valor de la energiÌ?a no suministrada durante la interrupcioÌ?n o suspensioÌ?n
+del servicio, valorizada a costo de racionamiento.
+
+
+ La compensacioÌ?n regulada en este artiÌ?culo se
+efectuaraÌ? descontando las cantidades correspondientes en la facturacioÌ?n maÌ?s
+proÌ?xima, o en aquellas que determine la Superintendencia a requerimiento
+del respectivo concesionario.
+
+
+ Las compensaciones a que se refiere este artiÌ?culo se
+abonaraÌ?n al usuario de inmediato, independientemente del derecho que asista
+al concesionario para repetir en contra de terceros responsables.".
+
+
+ 7) SustituÌ?yese el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 17,
+por los siguientes incisos, nuevos:
+
+
+ "Toda sancioÌ?n aplicada por la Superintendencia
+deberaÌ? fundarse en un procedimiento que se iniciaraÌ? con la formulacioÌ?n
+precisa de los cargos y su notificacioÌ?n al imputado para que presente su
+defensa. El plazo conferido para presentar los descargos no podraÌ? ser
+inferior a quince diÌ?as.
+
+
+ La Superintendencia daraÌ? lugar a las medidas
+probatorias que solicite el imputado en sus descargos, o las rechazaraÌ? con
+expresioÌ?n de causa.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que se dicte en definitiva deberaÌ?
+pronunciarse sobre las alegaciones y defensas del imputado y contendraÌ? la
+declaracioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n impuesta o la absolucioÌ?n. El pronunciamiento
+anterior se haraÌ? dentro de los 30 diÌ?as de evacuada la uÌ?ltima diligencia
+ordenada en el expediente.
+
+
+ Los Directores Regionales de la Superintendencia de
+Electricidad y Combustibles tendraÌ?n competencia, en su respectiva RegioÌ?n,
+para instruir, en el marco de las atribuciones que la ley le otorga a la
+referida Superintendencia, toda clase de investigaciones. No obstante,
+soÌ?lo podraÌ?n aplicar aquellas sanciones para las cuales les haya sido
+delegada la atribucioÌ?n por el Superintendente.
+
+
+ El recurso jeraÌ?rquico, en su caso, se regiraÌ? por las
+normas que establece el artiÌ?culo 18 A.".
+
+
+ 8) IncorpoÌ?rase, en el artiÌ?culo 18, el siguiente
+inciso segundo, nuevo:
+
+
+ "El pago de toda multa aplicada de conformidad a
+este TiÌ?tulo deberaÌ? ser acreditado ante la Superintendencia, dentro de los
+diez diÌ?as siguientes a la fecha en que eÌ?sta debioÌ? ser pagada.".
+
+
+ 9) IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 18, el
+siguiente artiÌ?culo 18 A, nuevo:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 18 A.- En contra de las resoluciones de
+la Superintendencia que apliquen sanciones, se podraÌ? interponer el recurso
+de reposicioÌ?n establecido en el artiÌ?culo 9° de la ley N° 18.575, en el
+plazo de cinco diÌ?as haÌ?biles contado desde el diÌ?a siguiente a la
+notificacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n. La Superintendencia dispondraÌ? de diez diÌ?as
+haÌ?biles para resolver.
+
+
+ La interposicioÌ?n de este recurso suspenderaÌ? el plazo
+para reclamar de ilegalidad, siempre que se trate de materias por las
+cuales procede dicho recurso.".
+
+
+ 10) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 19, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 19.- Los afectados que estimen que las
+resoluciones de la Superintendencia no se ajustan a la ley, reglamentos o
+demaÌ?s disposiciones que le corresponda aplicar, podraÌ?n reclamar de las
+mismas, dentro del plazo de diez diÌ?as haÌ?biles, contado desde la
+notificacioÌ?n, ante la Corte de Apelaciones correspondiente al domicilio del
+reclamante. Si la resolucioÌ?n afectare a maÌ?s de una persona o entidad,
+cuyos domicilios correspondieren a territorios jurisdiccionales de
+diferentes Cortes, seraÌ? competente para conocer de todas las reclamaciones
+a que haya lugar aquella que corresponda al domicilio de la autoridad que
+haya expedido el acto administrativo reclamado.
+
+
+ Las sanciones que impongan multa seraÌ?n siempre
+reclamables y no seraÌ?n exigibles mientras no esteÌ? vencido el plazo para
+interponer la reclamacioÌ?n, o eÌ?sta no haya sido resuelta. Para interponer la
+reclamacioÌ?n contra una multa deberaÌ? acompanÌ?arse boleta de consignacioÌ?n a la
+orden de la Corte, por el 25% del monto de la misma.
+
+
+ La Corte de Apelaciones daraÌ? traslado de la
+reclamacioÌ?n a la Superintendencia, notificaÌ?ndole por oficio y eÌ?sta
+dispondraÌ? del plazo de diez diÌ?as haÌ?biles contado desde que se notifique la
+reclamacioÌ?n interpuesta, para formular observaciones.
+
+
+ La Corte no podraÌ? decretar medida alguna que
+suspenda los efectos del acto reclamado, cuando la suspensioÌ?n de los
+efectos de la resolucioÌ?n pueda afectar la calidad del servicio, la
+continuidad del mismo o la seguridad de las personas.
+
+
+ Evacuado el traslado por la Superintendencia, o
+vencido el plazo de que dispone para formular observaciones, el tribunal
+ordenaraÌ? traer los autos en relacioÌ?n y la causa se agregaraÌ?
+extraordinariamente a la tabla de la audiencia maÌ?s proÌ?xima, previo sorteo
+de la Sala, pudiendo la Corte, si lo estima pertinente, abrir un teÌ?rmino
+probatorio y escuchar los alegatos de las partes. En caso de no acogerse el
+reclamo, el monto de la consignacioÌ?n se entenderaÌ? abonado al pago de la
+multa y, en caso de acogerse, regiraÌ? lo dispuesto en el inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 20.
+
+
+15.1.1.18.1 La Corte dictaraÌ? sentencia dentro del teÌ?rmino de
+quince diÌ?as. Contra la resolucioÌ?n de la Corte de Apelaciones que ratifique
+las sanciones impuestas se podraÌ? reclamar ante la Corte Suprema, dentro del
+plazo de 10 diÌ?as haÌ?biles, la que conoceraÌ? en la forma prevista en los
+incisos anteriores.".
+
+
+ 11) SustituÌ?yese el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 20
+por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Declarada judicialmente la improcedencia total o
+parcial de la multa, la Superintendencia o el oÌ?rgano jurisdiccional
+respectivo, seguÌ?n corresponda, deberaÌ? ordenar su devolucioÌ?n por la
+TesoreriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica, debidamente reajustada en la forma que
+senÌ?alan los artiÌ?culos 57 y 58 del CoÌ?digo Tributario.".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2°.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes
+modificaciones en el decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 1, de 1982, de MineriÌ?a,
+ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos:
+
+
+ 1) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 9º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Articulo 9º.- La aplicacioÌ?n de la presente ley
+corresponderaÌ? a la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, en
+adelante la Superintendencia, sin perjuicio de las atribuciones conferidas
+a la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, en adelante la ComisioÌ?n; a las
+Municipalidades y al Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ 2) ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 99 bis, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 99 bis.- El Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a,
+Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, previo informe de la ComisioÌ?n Nacional de
+EnergiÌ?a, podraÌ? dictar un decreto de racionamiento, en caso de producirse o
+proyectarse fundadamente un deÌ?ficit de generacioÌ?n en un sistema eleÌ?ctrico,
+a consecuencia de fallas prolongadas de centrales eleÌ?ctricas o de
+situaciones de sequiÌ?a. El decreto que se dicte, ademaÌ?s de establecer los
+caÌ?lculos, valores y procedimientos a que se refiere el inciso final de este
+artiÌ?culo, dispondraÌ? las medidas que, dentro de sus facultades, la autoridad
+estime conducentes y necesarias para evitar, manejar, disminuir o superar
+el deÌ?ficit, en el maÌ?s breve plazo prudencial. Dichas medidas se
+orientaraÌ?n, principalmente, a reducir los impactos del deÌ?ficit para los
+usuarios, a incentivar y fomentar el aumento de capacidad de generacioÌ?n en
+el respectivo sistema, a estimular o premiar el ahorro voluntario y a
+aminorar los costos econoÌ?micos que dicho deÌ?ficit pueda ocasionar al paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ El deÌ?ficit registrado en el sistema deberaÌ?
+distribuirse proporcionalmente y sin discriminacioÌ?n de ninguna especie
+entre todas las empresas generadoras, tomando como base la globalidad de
+sus compromisos. Estas, por su parte, deberaÌ?n pagar a sus clientes
+distribuidores o finales sometidos a regulacioÌ?n de precios, cada kilowatt-
+hora de deÌ?ficit que los haya afectado, determinado sobre la base de sus
+consumos normales, a un valor igual a la diferencia entre el costo de
+racionamiento y el precio baÌ?sico de la energiÌ?a, a los que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo anterior.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, se entenderaÌ? como consumo normal
+de un cliente en un periÌ?odo aquel que resulte de considerar el consumo de
+energiÌ?a facturado por el generador en el mismo periÌ?odo del uÌ?ltimo anÌ?o sin
+racionamiento, incrementado en la tasa anual de crecimiento del consumo que
+se hubiere considerado en la previsioÌ?n de demandas de energiÌ?a para el
+sistema eleÌ?ctrico, en la uÌ?ltima fijacioÌ?n de precios de nudo. Los clientes
+distribuidores, a su vez, deberaÌ?n traspasar iÌ?ntegramente el monto recibido
+a sus clientes finales sometidos a regulacioÌ?n de precios.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de este artiÌ?culo, las situaciones
+de sequiÌ?a o las fallas de centrales eleÌ?ctricas que originen un deÌ?ficit de
+generacioÌ?n eleÌ?ctrica que determine la dictacioÌ?n de un decreto de
+racionamiento, en ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n ser calificadas por siÌ? solas como
+fuerza mayor o caso fortuito. En particular, los aportes de generacioÌ?n
+hidroeleÌ?ctrica que correspondan a anÌ?os hidroloÌ?gicos maÌ?s secos que aquellos
+utilizados en el caÌ?lculo de precios de nudo, no constituiraÌ?n liÌ?mite para el
+caÌ?lculo de los deÌ?ficit, ni seraÌ?n consideradas como circunstancia de fuerza
+mayor o caso fortuito. El deÌ?ficit que las empresas generadoras estaÌ?n
+obligadas a pagar, de conformidad a este artiÌ?culo, no estaraÌ? limitado a
+aquel que se calcule para el primer anÌ?o hidroloÌ?gico de la sequiÌ?a. Por anÌ?o
+hidroloÌ?gico se entiende un periÌ?odo de doce meses que comienza en abril.
+
+
+ El decreto de racionamiento previsto en este
+artiÌ?culo, ademaÌ?s de las medidas y estipulaciones descritas en los incisos
+anteriores, explicitaraÌ?, basaÌ?ndose en un informe previo de la ComisioÌ?n
+Nacional de EnergiÌ?a, el monto del pago por cada kilowatt-hora de deÌ?ficit,
+como asimismo las demaÌ?s condiciones que deberaÌ?n aplicar las empresas
+generadoras para el caÌ?lculo o registro de los deÌ?ficit, y los montos y
+procedimientos que aplicaraÌ?n las empresas distribuidoras para traspasar a
+su vez los montos recibidos a sus clientes finales. Todos los caÌ?lculos
+deberaÌ?n basarse en los valores utilizados en la uÌ?ltima fijacioÌ?n de precios
+de nudo para el sistema eleÌ?ctrico en cuestioÌ?n. No obstante, el valor a
+utilizar para el costo de racionamiento no podraÌ? superar, expresado en
+unidades de fomento, el promedio de los costos de racionamiento utilizados
+en las uÌ?ltimas seis fijaciones de precios de nudo.
+
+
+ Las transferencias de los excedentes de energiÌ?a que
+se produzcan entre generadores integrantes de un Centro de Despacho
+EconoÌ?mico de Carga, con ocasioÌ?n de la dictacioÌ?n de un decreto de
+racionamiento que disponga la distribucioÌ?n proporcional del deÌ?ficit,
+tambieÌ?n se valorizaraÌ?n al costo marginal aplicable a las transferencias de
+energiÌ?a en el sistema en condiciones de racionamiento, vale decir a costo
+de falla.".
+
+
+ 3) DeroÌ?gase el TiÌ?tulo V, "De la Superintendencia de
+Servicios EleÌ?ctricos y de Gas".
+
+
+ 4) SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 138, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 138.- Toda infraccioÌ?n de las disposiciones
+de esta ley que no tenga expresamente senÌ?alada una sancioÌ?n, seraÌ? castigada
+con multa aplicada por la Superintendencia, de conformidad con lo dispuesto
+en el artiÌ?culo 16 A de la ley N° 18.410.".
+
+
+ 5) DeroÌ?ganse los artiÌ?culos 139, 140 y 141.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º.- FiÌ?jase la dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de personal
+de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles en 159 cargos, para
+el anÌ?o 1999.
+
+
+ No regiraÌ?, durante el anÌ?o 1999, la limitacioÌ?n
+establecida en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 9° de la ley N° 18.834,
+respecto de los empleos a contrata incluidos en esta dotacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- SustituÌ?yense los requisitos
+establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 2º de la ley Nº 19.148, para los cargos de la
+planta de Profesionales, por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Planta de Profesionales: tiÌ?tulo profesional
+universitario, de una carrera de a lo menos ocho semestres de duracioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º.- El Superintendente, con sujecioÌ?n a la
+planta y dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+Combustibles, gozaraÌ? de la maÌ?s amplia libertad para establecer, mediante
+resolucioÌ?n fundada, su organizacioÌ?n interna.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo transitorio.- El mayor gasto fiscal que la
+aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley represente durante el anÌ?o 1999 se financiaraÌ? con
+cargo al iÌ?tem 50-01-03-25-33.104, del Tesoro PuÌ?blico, del presupuesto
+vigente para 1999.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones de fechas 4, 5 (dos sesiones),
+6 (dos sesiones), 7 y 11 de mayo de 1999, con asistencia de sus miembros
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?or Enrique Zurita Camps (Presidente), senÌ?ora
+Evelyn Matthei Fornet, y senÌ?ores Juan Hamilton Depassier (Jorge Pizarro
+Soto), Jorge Lavandero Illanes (Juan Hamilton Depassier), Jovino Novoa
+VaÌ?squez (Marco Cariola Barroilhet) (Francisco Prat Alemparte), Ricardo
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez MunÌ?oz (JoseÌ? Antonio Viera-Gallo Quesney), Augusto Parra MunÌ?oz (Jorge
+Pizarro Soto), Ignacio PeÌ?rez Walker (Sergio DiÌ?ez UrzuÌ?a), y Jorge Pizarro
+Soto (JoseÌ? Ruiz De Giorgio).
+
+
+
+
+ Sala de las Comisiones Unidas, a 11 de mayo de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ROBERTO BUSTOS LATORRE
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+
+15.2 INDICE
+
+
+
+ PaÌ?gina
+
+
+Aspectos de orden general .................
+ 1
+
+
+Antecedentes ..............................
+ 3
+
+8
+
+DiscusioÌ?n general .........................
+ 8
+
+
+DiscusioÌ?n particular ......................
+ 14
+
+
+Modificaciones ............................
+ 63
+
+
+Texto del proyecto de ley .................
+ 76
+
+
+Asistencia ................................
+ 91
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A
+
+
+ I. BOLETIN Nº: 2.279-08
+
+
+
+
+
+ II. MATERIA: Proyecto de ley que modifica la ley Nº
+ 18.410, orgaÌ?nica de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+ Combustibles, y el D.F.L. Nº 1, de 1982, de MineriÌ?a, Ley General de
+ Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, con el objeto de fortalecer el reÌ?gimen de
+ fiscalizacioÌ?n del sector.
+
+
+
+
+
+ III. ORIGEN: Mensaje de S.E. el Vicepresidente de la
+ RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+
+
+
+ IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Segundo traÌ?mite
+ constitucional.
+
+
+
+
+
+ V. APROBACION POR LA CAMARA DE DIPUTADOS: Aprobado por
+ 95 votos a favor, en la sesioÌ?n 58ª de fecha 4 de mayo de 1999..
+
+
+
+
+
+ VI. INICIO TRAMITACION EN EL SENADO: 4 de mayo de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+ VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Primer informe.
+
+
+
+
+
+ VIII. URGENCIA: DiscusioÌ?n inmediata.
+
+
+
+
+
+ IX. LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA
+ MATERIA:
+
+ 1.- Ley Nº 18.410, orgaÌ?nica de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+ Combustibles.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Decreto con fuerza de ley Nº 1, de 1982, de MineriÌ?a, Ley General
+ de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, con el objeto de fortalecer el reÌ?gimen de
+ fiscalizacioÌ?n del sector.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Decreto Supremo Nº 327, de 1997, del Ministerio de MineriÌ?a que
+ fija el Reglamento de la Ley General de Servicios
+
+ EleÌ?ctricos.
+
+ 4.- Ley Nº 19.596, de Presupuestos del Sector PuÌ?blico para el anÌ?o
+ 1999.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Ley Nº 19.148, sobre Plantas de la Superintendencia de
+ Electricidad y Combustibles.
+
+
+
+ 6.- Ley Nº 18.834, Estatuto Administrativo.
+
+
+
+ 7.- Ley Nº 18.575, ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional de Bases Generales de
+ la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+
+
+
+ X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO: Consta de cinco
+ artiÌ?culos permanentes y uno transitorio.
+
+
+
+
+
+ XI. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA
+ COMISION:
+
+
+
+ 1.- Otorgar a la Superintendencia de Electricidad y
+ Combustibles herramientas maÌ?s eficaces, fortaleciendo sus
+ atribuciones de acceso a la informacioÌ?n y elevando las multas.
+
+
+
+ 2.- Sistematizar la legislacioÌ?n, trasladando normas
+ desde la Ley General de Servicios EleÌ?ctricos, de 1982, a la ley
+ orgaÌ?nica de la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, de
+ 1985, para reunir en un solo cuerpo legal funciones y atribuciones de
+ la Superintendencia que estaban dispersas en ambos textos legales.
+
+
+
+ 3.- Establecer procedimientos de reclamacioÌ?n respecto
+ de las resoluciones y las multas impuestas por la Superintendencia.
+
+
+
+ 4.- Disponer que la sequiÌ?a o las fallas prolongadas
+ de las centrales eleÌ?ctricas no constituyen, por siÌ? solas, caso
+ fortuito o fuerza mayor y que en ese entendido generan compensaciones
+ para los usuarios.
+
+
+
+ 5.- Regular algunos aspectos relativos al personal de
+ la Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles, tales como normas
+ sobre dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de personal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ XII.- NORMAS DE QUORUM ESPECIAL:
+
+1.- ArtiÌ?culo 1º nuÌ?mero 10) -orgaÌ?nica constitucional-.
+
+
+
+ XIII. ACUERDOS: Aprobado en general por 6 votos a favor y
+ 4 en contra.
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 1º:)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 1): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2) Letra a): (unanimidad) 10 X 0 )
+
+ Letra b): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ Letra c): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ Letra d): (unanimidad 10 X 0 )
+
+ Letra e): (unanimidad 10 X 0 )
+
+ Letra f): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ Letra g): (unanimidad 7 X 0)
+
+ Letra h): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ Letra i): ( unanimidad 10 X 0 )
+
+ Letra j): ( unanimidad 10 X 0 )
+
+ Letra k): (unanimidad 10 X 0 )
+
+ Letra l) Nº 35 (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+ Nº 36 (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+ Nº 37 (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+ Nº 38 (mayoriÌ?a de votos 8-2)
+
+ Nº 39 (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ Letra m): (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3): (unanimidad 10-0 )
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4): ArtiÌ?culo 15 inciso primero (unanimidad 10-
+ 0)
+
+
+ Inciso segundo (mayoriÌ?a de votos 8-2)
+
+
+ Inciso tercero (en la idea, soÌ?lo tres tipos de sanciones,
+ mayoriÌ?a de votos 8-2)
+
+
+ Nºs. 1 al 6
+
+
+ Inciso cuarto
+
+
+ Nºs. 1,2,4,6,7, (unanimidad (10-0)
+
+
+ Nº 5 (mayoriÌ?a de votos 8-2)
+
+
+ Inciso final (unanimidad 10-0)
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5): ArtiÌ?culo 16 (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+
+
+ NuÌ?mero 6): (Unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 7): (unanimidad 10-0 )
+
+ NuÌ?mero 8): (mayoriÌ?a de votos 9 a favor 1abstencioÌ?n)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 9): (unanimidad 10-0 )
+
+ NuÌ?mero 10): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 11): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 2º:
+
+ NuÌ?mero 1): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 2): ArtiÌ?culo 99 bis:
+
+ inciso primero (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ inciso segundo (6 votos a favor, 3 en contra, 1
+ abstencioÌ?n)
+
+ inciso tercero (6 votos a favor 4 abstenciones)
+
+ inciso cuarto (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ inciso quinto (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ nuevo inciso final (9 a favor, 1 abstencioÌ?n)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 3): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 4): (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ NuÌ?mero 5): (unanimidad 10 X 0) )
+
+
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 3º: (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 4º: (rechazado 6 por 4)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 5º: (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 6º (rechazado 8 X 2)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 7º: (rechazado 10 X 0)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 8º:
+
+ Inciso primero (aprobado 8 X 2)
+
+ Inciso segundo (rechazado 7 X 3)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 1º TRANSITORIO:(rechazado 10 X 0)
+
+ ARTIÌ?CULO 2º TRANSITORIO: (unanimidad 10 X 0)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ValparaiÌ?so, a 11 de mayo de 1999.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ROBERTO BUSTOS LATORRE
+
+ Secretario de las
+Comisiones Unidas
+
+
+
+ INFORME DE LA COMISION DE INTERESES MARITIMOS,
+ PESCA Y ACUICULTURA, recaiÌ?do en el proyecto de
+ ley, en segundo traÌ?mite constitucional, que
+ establece como medida de administracioÌ?n el liÌ?mite
+ maÌ?ximo de captura por armador a las principales
+ pesqueriÌ?as industriales nacionales y la
+ regularizacioÌ?n del registro pesquero artesanal.
+
+1
+
+2 BoletiÌ?n Nº 2578-01
+
+3 ____________________________________
+
+
+Honorable Senado:
+
+
+
+ Esta ComisioÌ?n de Intereses MariÌ?timos, Pesca y Acuicultura tiene a
+honra emitir su informe acerca del proyecto de ley senÌ?alado en el epiÌ?grafe,
+en segundo traÌ?mite constitucional e iniciado en mensaje de S.E. el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, con urgencia calificada de "suma".
+
+
+ A las sesiones en que la ComisioÌ?n se ocupoÌ? de este asunto
+concurrieron, ademaÌ?s de sus miembros, los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores BoÌ?eninger,
+Lavandero y Viera Gallo; el H. Diputado senÌ?or Fossa; el Subsecretario de
+Pesca, senÌ?or Daniel AlbarraÌ?n; el Director del Servicio Nacional de Pesca,
+senÌ?or Sergio Mujica; y las asesoras de la SubsecretariÌ?a senÌ?oras MariÌ?a
+Alicia Baltierra y Edith Saa.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, y dada la importancia que la ComisioÌ?n asigna a este proyecto,
+acordoÌ? oiÌ?r la opinioÌ?n de los diferentes agentes que participan en la
+actividad pesquera, especialmente de los sectores industrial y artesanal y
+de los estamentos laborales vinculados a ellos. La siguientes es la noÌ?mina
+de las personas - y las instituciones que representan - que participaron,
+en el orden en que intervinieron, en la sesioÌ?n convocada para ese efecto el
+diÌ?a 20 de diciembre del anÌ?o 2000. Sus exposiciones estaÌ?n a disposicioÌ?n de
+los senÌ?ores Senadores en la SecretariÌ?a de esta ComisioÌ?n:
+
+
+SenÌ?ora Teresa Lizana, Presidenta de la FederacioÌ?n de Sindicatos de la
+Industria Pesquera; senÌ?or Cosme Caracciolo, Presidente de la ConfederacioÌ?n
+Nacional de Pescadores Artesanales de Chile; senÌ?ores CristiaÌ?n Jara y Luis
+Felipe Moncada, Gerente General de Sonapesca y Gerente de ASIPES,
+respectivamente; senÌ?or JoseÌ? Gallego, Administrador de la Pesquera
+MediterraÌ?neo; senÌ?or Alexis Cancino, Presidente de la ConfederacioÌ?n de
+Trabajadores Pesqueros de Chile y Ramos Afines; senÌ?or Humberto Chamorro,
+Presidente de la ConfederacioÌ?n de Pescadores Artesanales de Chile; senÌ?ores
+Nelson Matissini y Rodrigo AzoÌ?car (Asesor) Presidente de la FederacioÌ?n de
+Pescadores Artesanales de AyseÌ?n; senÌ?or ReneÌ? Cerda, Profesor de la Facultad
+de Ciencias del Mar de la Universidad CatoÌ?lica de ValparaiÌ?so; senÌ?or Arturo
+Arteaga, Presidente del Sindicato de Tripulantes de la VIII RegioÌ?n; senÌ?or
+Sergio Orellana, Presidente de la AgrupacioÌ?n de Sindicatos Pesqueros de la
+Cuenca del CarboÌ?n; senÌ?or Luis Almonacid ,Presidente del Sindicato Nacional
+de Interempresas de Oficiales de la Marina de Pesca de Chile; senÌ?or Carlos
+HernaÌ?ndez, Presidente de ANAPESCA; senÌ?or Carlos Vial, de la FederacioÌ?n de
+Industriales Pesqueros de las X, XI y XII Regiones, y senÌ?or Mariano Villa,
+Presidente de FETRINECH (FederacioÌ?n de Tripulantes de Naves Especiales).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ 1.- Objetivo del proyecto
+
+
+ Uno) Dotar a la autoridad administrativa pesquera de la atribucioÌ?n de
+establecer -entre la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de esta ley y el 31 de diciembre
+del anÌ?o 2002- como medida de administracioÌ?n extraordinaria, el denominado
+"liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador" en determinadas pesqueriÌ?as sujetas
+al reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Dos) Regularizar el Registro Pesquero Artesanal con el propoÌ?sito de:
+
+
+ a) Extender la cobertura de inscripcioÌ?n de los pescadores
+regularmente incluidos en el Registro a todas las especies de las
+pesqueriÌ?as en que operan.
+
+
+ b) Incluir en el referido Registro a los pescadores artesanales que
+se encuentren en lista de espera al 31 de julio del anÌ?o 2000, con el fin de
+que puedan inscribir las especies -y sus asociadas- respecto de las cuales
+estaÌ?n solicitado inscripcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ c) Abrir el Registro Artesanal a las personas naturales que carecen
+de toda inscripcioÌ?n para requerir su inclusioÌ?n respecto de una determinada
+pesqueriÌ?a, y
+
+
+ d) Facilitar, en el mismo plazo, forma y condiciones resenÌ?adas, la
+inscripcioÌ?n de naves artesanales matriculadas al 31 de julio del anÌ?o 2000
+en los registro de naves menores.
+
+
+ Tres) Introducir modificaciones a los artiÌ?culos 50, 55 y 122 de la
+Ley General de Pesca, y al artiÌ?culo 28, letra a), del DFL Nº 5, de 1983
+(enumera las atribuciones del Director del Servicio Nacional de Pesca).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ 2.- Estructura de la iniciativa
+
+ y quoÌ?rum de aprobacioÌ?n de sus normas
+
+
+ El proyecto de ley en informe estaÌ? conformado por 21 artiÌ?culos
+permanentes.
+
+
+ Las normas contenidas en los artiÌ?culos 1º al 7º deben ser aprobadas
+con quoÌ?rum calificado, toda vez que establecen limitaciones o requisitos
+para la adquisicioÌ?n del dominio (artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 23 de la ConstitucioÌ?n
+PoliÌ?tica); el inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo 11, ha de aprobarse con rango de
+ley orgaÌ?nica constitucional pues altera el artiÌ?culo 9º de la ley Nº 18.575,
+OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Bases Generales de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+ Las restantes disposiciones del proyecto, artiÌ?culos 8º al 21, con
+excepcioÌ?n del mencionado inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo 11, revisten el
+caraÌ?cter de ley comuÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ 3.- Antecedentes legales
+
+
+
+ Uno) ArtiÌ?culo 19, Nº 23, de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+ Dos) Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+ Tres) DFL Nº 5, de 1983, (en lo relativo a las atribuciones del
+Director del Servicio Nacional de Pesca).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ 4.- Antecedentes de hecho
+
+
+El mensaje con que S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica ingresoÌ? a traÌ?mite
+legislativo el proyecto en informe estaÌ? estructurado en tres grandes
+acaÌ?pites, subdivididos eÌ?stos en subpaÌ?rrafos que explican pormenorizadamente
+las normas y los efectos que la iniciativa persigue.
+
+
+ En el primer acaÌ?pite -aspectos generales- el Ejecutivo expresa que la
+actividad pesquera nacional atraviesa por una severa crisis econoÌ?mica y
+social como consecuencia de las situaciones adversas que han afectado a
+las pesqueriÌ?as en los uÌ?ltimos cinco anÌ?os.
+
+
+ Agrega que la actual legislacioÌ?n ha permitido una explotacioÌ?n
+irracional del recurso; un incremento exagerado del esfuerzo pesquero; una
+poliÌ?tica que impide optimizar nuestras ventajas comparativas, inestabilidad
+laboral e inseguridad social.
+
+
+ En este contexto, continuÌ?a, la experiencia acumulada demuestra las
+limitaciones de la legislacioÌ?n para una administracioÌ?n adecuada de las
+pesqueriÌ?as, lo cual genera ineficiencia operativa, econoÌ?mica y social, no
+obstante que se han dispuesto medidas de ordenamiento en el corto plazo
+para reforzar la conservacioÌ?n de los recursos y la mantencioÌ?n del empleo,
+pero estas medidas no se sostienen para el mediano y largo plazo.
+
+
+ En seguida, este acaÌ?pite se ocupa de analizar el desarrollo pesquero
+a partir del concepto de libertad de pesca y de las iniciativas que eÌ?ste
+estimulaba, lo cual permitioÌ? un importante crecimiento de la actividad y un
+fuerte avance tecnoloÌ?gico que derivoÌ?, en algunas experiencias, en que
+quedaran especies sobre explotadas difiÌ?cil de recuperar. La falta de
+regulacioÌ?n arriesgoÌ? la sustentabilidad del recurso y provocoÌ? una
+rentabilidad decreciente que, de mantenerse, conduciraÌ? a la desaparicioÌ?n de
+la explotacioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ Se refiere, en seguida, a la flota pesquera, afirmando que la primera
+medida que se adopta en periÌ?odos de crisis - pesca excesiva no sustentable-
+es intentar controlar el esfuerzo pesquero, medida que no siempre es eficaz
+pues estimula la creacioÌ?n de nuevos mecanismos tecnoloÌ?gicos que permiten
+aumentar la capacidad de pesca. En este aspecto comenta que una medida
+neutralizadora de este efecto podriÌ?a ser la de prohibir la sustitucioÌ?n de
+naves antiguas por nuevas embarcaciones, pero esto trae aparejada una
+peligrosa desventaja econoÌ?mica, cual es la de impedir la competencia con
+flotas maÌ?s eficientes en una economiÌ?a globalizada.
+
+
+ Recuerda a continuacioÌ?n, la experiencia que ha tenido el paiÌ?s en la
+explotacioÌ?n de diversas pesqueriÌ?as.
+
+
+ En el norte, la actividad orientada a la sardina y a la anchoveta
+para la produccioÌ?n de harina produjo situaciones de sobre inversioÌ?n y
+quiebras generando un complejo proceso de ajuste.
+
+
+ La pesqueriÌ?a demersal sur austral fue sobre explotada en la deÌ?cada de
+1980, y su consecuencia se traduce en que actualmente el nivel de
+explotacioÌ?n equivale a un cuarto del volumen que generoÌ? la actividad en esa
+eÌ?poca.
+
+
+ En el caso de las pesqueriÌ?as pelaÌ?gicas de la zona centro sur,
+constituidas por el jurel, la sardina y la anchoveta, que corresponden a
+maÌ?s del 60% del total de la actividad nacional, hubo una fuerte sobre
+explotacioÌ?n en los anÌ?os 90, lo que ha obligado a la autoridad a establecer
+periÌ?odos de veda para evitar su colapso.
+
+
+ El segundo gran acaÌ?pite del mensaje, "requerimientos legales", se
+inicia con un anaÌ?lisis de la actividad industrial. Sugiere este acaÌ?pite
+que la actual legislacioÌ?n carece de mecanismos de regulacioÌ?n para los
+distintos agentes, lo cual exige modernizar sus normas en concordancia con
+el desarrollo de la actividad y las poliÌ?ticas pesqueras internacionales.
+Son necesarias reformas legales que optimicen el funcionamiento del mercado
+y la cantidad y calidad de los factores que inciden en la operacioÌ?n
+pesquera.
+
+
+ Reconoce el mensaje, en este aspecto, que una revisioÌ?n global de la
+legislacioÌ?n estaÌ? condicionada a un acuerdo nacional en que participen no
+soÌ?lo los agentes del sector sino la sociedad toda, pues los recursos
+mariÌ?timos renovables son un factor fundamental para convertir a Chile en un
+paiÌ?s desarrollado hacia el anÌ?o 2010.
+
+
+ Previo a este proceso de reforma de la legislacioÌ?n pesquera, que
+seguÌ?n el mensaje involucra aspectos institucionales, ambientales y
+econoÌ?mico sociales, es menester introducirle modificaciones transitorias
+-por dos anÌ?os- que contribuyan a la conservacioÌ?n de las especies y a la
+sustentacioÌ?n de la estructura industrial, optimizando la fuerza laboral y
+la competitividad y valorando adecuadamente los recursos del mar.
+
+
+ ContinuÌ?a expresando que la presente iniciativa tiende a evitar el
+conflicto entre la conservacioÌ?n y la explotacioÌ?n, disminuyendo la
+intervencioÌ?n de la autoridad en las decisiones que deben ser de resorte del
+sector privado.
+
+
+ Por lo que hace a la actividad artesanal, explica el mensaje que la
+actual legislacioÌ?n -que data de 1991- contiene las regulaciones
+fundamentales para acceder a la pesca y para adoptar medidas de
+administracioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ Entre estas regulaciones destaca el aÌ?rea de reserva; el Registro
+Nacional de Pescadores y Embarcaciones Artesanales; las aÌ?reas de manejo de
+recursos bentoÌ?nicos y los mecanismos de reemplazo de naves y de inscripcioÌ?n
+de pescadores.
+
+
+ Hace notar que estas pesqueriÌ?as se caracterizan por una alta dinaÌ?mica
+que, con el transcurso del tiempo, ha demostrado incapacidad para afrontar
+las nuevas situaciones que plantea la actividad debido a la riÌ?gida
+estructura en que eÌ?sta se desenvuelve. Es necesario, por tanto, enmendar
+el TiÌ?tulo IV de la ley y sus reglamentos, permitiendo una mayor
+flexibilidad que se haga cargo de los nuevos escenarios que enfrenta el
+sector perfeccionando los instrumentos de gestioÌ?n para una eficiente
+conservacioÌ?n y administracioÌ?n de las pesqueriÌ?as.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, es conveniente estudiar foÌ?rmulas que permitan un mejor
+desarrollo de la actividad, especialmente en lo tocante a la representacioÌ?n
+del sector artesanal en los Consejos de Pesca (Nacional y Zonales) y la
+posibilidad de aplicar a este sector las normas regulatorias de los
+regiÌ?menes de pesca del sector industrial,
+
+
+ Al igual que en el caso de la pesca industrial, concluye el mensaje
+en este aspecto, la actividad artesanal requiere de modernizaciones que
+signifiquen cambios mayores en la legislacioÌ?n vigente para lo cual debe
+generarse un debate en el que participen todos los agentes. No obstante,
+continuÌ?a, existen regulaciones cuya enmienda debe producir efectos
+inmediatos para dar sustentabilidad al sector y generar un clima que
+facilite la estabilidad laboral, econoÌ?mica y familiar de quienes participan
+en eÌ?l.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, el proyecto plantea regularizar el Registro Pesquero
+Artesanal en lo relativo a los pescadores y embarcaciones, actualizaÌ?ndolo
+por una sola vez, e incorporar a la actividad a pescadores y embarcaciones
+que por diversas razones han quedado en listas de espera o fuera del
+Registro.
+
+
+ El tercer gran acaÌ?pite trata sobre el marco regulatorio y,
+primeramente, sobre las medidas de administracioÌ?n vigentes.
+
+
+ En este apartado el mensaje explica que la actual ley estaÌ? inspirada
+en el reforzamiento de la preservacioÌ?n de los recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos,
+concepto que envuelve toda la actividad extractiva, la acuicultura, la
+investigacioÌ?n y la pesca deportiva.
+
+
+ Recuerda que en este contexto la ley define la conservacioÌ?n como "el
+uso presente y futuro, racional eficaz y eficiente de los recursos
+naturales y su ambiente", concepto que recibe cautela y proteccioÌ?n en las
+facultades de conservacioÌ?n de que estaÌ? dotada la autoridad (TiÌ?tulo II de la
+ley) que le permite imponer condiciones para ejercer la actividad, tales
+como las vedas bioloÌ?gicas o prohibicioÌ?n de capturas temporales,
+determinacioÌ?n de cuotas globales anuales, exigencias de disenÌ?o de las artes
+y aparejos de pesca, fijacioÌ?n de tamanÌ?os miÌ?nimos por especies y porcentajes
+tolerables de fauna acompanÌ?ante en la captura de una especie objetivo.
+
+
+ En este orden, el mensaje agrega que el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por
+armador estaÌ? concebido en el proyecto como una medida de conservacioÌ?n de
+las especies, y responde coherentemente a la idea de que las facultades de
+administracioÌ?n se ejerzan gradualmente para no vulnerar los liÌ?mites
+superiores o inferiores de las capturas, de manera que, encuadrada en el
+marco de la cuota global, se evite el efecto de la denominada "carrera
+oliÌ?mpica".
+
+
+ Seguidamente, el mensaje explica la medida de administracioÌ?n
+propuesta en el proyecto como una herramienta para limitar la actividad
+industrial que genera una sobre explotacioÌ?n de los recursos, respecto de la
+cual las actuales facultades de administracioÌ?n han demostrado ser
+insuficientes.
+
+
+ Junto con manifestar que la nueva medida extraordinaria de
+administracioÌ?n pesquera no afecta las actuales modalidades para el acceso a
+la pesca, el mensaje advierte que el proyecto contiene tambieÌ?n normas
+sancionatorias para quienes infrinjan las nuevas regulaciones, considerando
+un procedimiento similar al adoptado por la Ley General de Pesca en el que
+el Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a actuÌ?a como instancia de reclamacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El siguiente gran acaÌ?pite del proyecto -CapiÌ?tulo IV- bajo el epiÌ?grafe
+"Conceptos Generales del Proyecto" se encarga de describir los tres tiÌ?tulos
+de la iniciativa.
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo I, dice el mensaje, senÌ?ala que el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+-como medida de administracioÌ?n- tiene por finalidad reducir las capturas de
+un armador y sus naves en determinadas pesqueriÌ?as. Agrega que el proyecto
+enumera estas pesqueriÌ?as (en rigor el texto original ingresado en primer
+traÌ?mite constitucional de la H. CaÌ?mara consignaba dieciseÌ?is pesqueriÌ?as
+distribuidas por regiones las que se redujeron a cinco en el texto
+despachado en primer traÌ?mite constitucional), a las que se aplicaraÌ? el
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo y senÌ?ala los mecanismos para determinar las capturas por
+armador.
+
+
+ Agrega que previo a la fijacioÌ?n del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura es
+menester determinar, respecto de cada pesqueriÌ?a, una cuota global anual,
+para lo cual sirve de base el procedimiento que establece actualmente la
+Ley General de Pesca, de modo que en el evento de que el Consejo Nacional
+de Pesca no apruebe la cuota propuesta, el proyecto consigna un
+procedimiento especial para establecerla. (La cuota propuesta
+primitivamente en el mensaje era el 75% de la autorizada para el anÌ?o
+anterior. La H. CaÌ?mara aumentoÌ? dicho porcentaje al 80%)
+
+
+ Destaca el mensaje del Ejecutivo otra caracteriÌ?stica de este
+proyecto, cual es la flexibilidad de que estaÌ? investida la autoridad para
+modificar la cuota global anual maÌ?s de una vez en el anÌ?o calendario en
+las pesqueriÌ?as pelaÌ?gicas de corta vida como son, por ejemplo, la sardina y
+la anchoveta. Enseguida se refiere a los dos mecanismos de caÌ?lculos para
+asignar su cuota a cada armador en la participacioÌ?n que le corresponda en
+la pesqueriÌ?a afectada por la medida extraordinaria. Explica que si bien lo
+maÌ?s adecuado habriÌ?a sido fijar un solo meÌ?todo par determinar el coeficiente
+de participacioÌ?n relativa por armador, las diferentes realidades de las
+pesqueriÌ?as a las que se aplicaraÌ? la medida extraordinaria, especialmente
+por las vedas que afectaron al jurel en los uÌ?ltimos tres anÌ?os, hizo
+necesario establecer un segundo meÌ?todo de caÌ?lculo.
+
+
+ Entonces, para las pesqueriÌ?as pelaÌ?gicas, el primer meÌ?todo de caÌ?lculo
+de participacioÌ?n del armador considera la capacidad de bodega de las naves
+y el aÌ?rea de pesca autorizada. En el resto de las pesqueriÌ?as, el caÌ?lculo
+del coeficiente de participacioÌ?n por armador se determina considerando las
+capturas de los tres uÌ?ltimos anÌ?os anteriores a la fecha de aplicacioÌ?n de la
+medida extraordinaria (elemento histoÌ?rico).
+
+
+ Como una forma de dar al proceso la mayor claridad y transparencia,
+se preveÌ? que en el mes de septiembre de cada anÌ?o se publicaraÌ? una
+resolucioÌ?n con toda la informacioÌ?n necesaria que proporcionaraÌ? la
+SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca. En dicha resolucioÌ?n se asignaraÌ?, por cada nave, la
+captura total desembarcada en el trienio anterior, la capacidad de bodega
+autorizada y el aÌ?rea de pesca en que opera la nave. Esta resolucioÌ?n es
+reclamable ante el Ministro de EconomiÌ?a en los teÌ?rminos que consigna el
+proyecto.
+
+
+ Explica enseguida el mensaje que una vez determinado el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo
+de captura el armador puede designar la o las naves con que operaraÌ? bajo la
+modalidad del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo. Si la o las naves excluidas no realizan otras
+faenas en pesqueriÌ?as no afectadas con la medida extraordinaria, el armador
+queda exento de pagar, respecto de ellas, la patente uÌ?nica pesquera
+regulada en la Ley General de Pesca.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n como otro aspecto interesante de destacar el mensaje se
+refiere a la opcioÌ?n que se reconoce a los armadores afectados por la
+medida extraordinaria para asociarse entre siÌ? y compartir el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo
+de captura. El procedimiento para esta opcioÌ?n y las condiciones en que se
+ejerceraÌ? consiste en la dictacioÌ?n por la SubsecretariÌ?a de una resolucioÌ?n
+que reconozca la participacioÌ?n conjunta y el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo que corresponde
+a cada armador. Una vez ejercida la opcioÌ?n eÌ?sta no puede revocarse durante
+el anÌ?o calendario en que se adoptoÌ?. SeguÌ?n el mensaje, la modalidad de la
+opcioÌ?n permitiraÌ? optimizar la actividad, especialmente en lo que concierne
+a los armadores cuyo liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo es menor a su capacidad extractiva.
+
+
+ Como comentario final de la utilizacioÌ?n de naves que operan bajo esta
+medida de administracioÌ?n extraordinaria (la designacioÌ?n de la o las naves
+que emplearaÌ? el armador en funcioÌ?n de su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo o la posibilidad
+de asociarse con otros para optimizar las capturas) y como quiera que el
+proyecto es de aplicacioÌ?n transitoria y no altera las actuales
+autorizaciones de pesca, para el efecto de la historia de las naves se
+entiende que las capturas efectuadas con liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo se distribuyen a
+prorrata entre todas las naves que dieron origen a dicho liÌ?mite.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el mensaje se ocupa de la fiscalizacioÌ?n a que estaraÌ?
+sometida la actividad pesquera que se ejerza bajo el imperio de esta medida
+extraordinaria. A este efecto, expresa que los capitanes de naves, por
+cada viaje, deberaÌ?n entregar al Servicio Nacional de Pesca un formulario
+que consigne la fecha y hora de recalada, su aÌ?rea de pesca, especies
+capturadas y su estimacioÌ?n en toneladas.
+
+
+ Esta foÌ?rmula de fiscalizacioÌ?n considera otros procedimientos para
+dotar de autenticidad y seriedad a la informacioÌ?n proporcionada, entre los
+cuales se destaca una certificacioÌ?n expedida por un agente controlador
+externo debidamente acreditado ante el SERNAP. Hace notar el mensaje que la
+medida de control descrita no afecta las atribuciones fiscalizadoras del
+Servicio y de la Armada de Chile.
+
+
+ En seguida, y consecuente con lo anterior, el proyecto propone nuevas
+sanciones en caso de incumplimiento de las normas que reglan esta medida
+extraordinaria de administracioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ AsiÌ? por ejemplo, si el o los armadores exceden el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura, al anÌ?o siguiente se les descontaraÌ? el triple del exceso. Si la
+infraccioÌ?n se comete en el uÌ?ltimo anÌ?o en que se aplica la medida el
+infractor deberaÌ? paralizar su actividad por dos meses en el anÌ?o siguiente.
+
+
+ Por lo que hace al incumplimiento a la obligacioÌ?n de informar, el
+proyecto preveÌ? como sancioÌ?n descontar el 30% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo
+correspondiente en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a durante el anÌ?o calendario. La no
+certificacioÌ?n se castiga con un descuento del 10% de ese liÌ?mite en igual
+periÌ?odo y, en ambos casos, si se hubiere agotado el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo para el
+anÌ?o calendario, las sanciones se aplicaraÌ?n en el siguiente, todo lo cual es
+reclamable seguÌ?n los procedimientos establecidos en la Ley General de
+Pesca.
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo II del proyecto -cual se dijo- contiene enmiendas a las
+normas regulatorias de la pesca artesanal-. En este acaÌ?pite se consideran
+proposiciones para actualizar el Registro tanto en lo que respecta a los
+pescadores como a las embarcaciones, en las pesqueriÌ?as cuyo acceso estaÌ?
+suspendido por estar declaradas en reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n. La
+propuesta tiene por finalidad incluir a los pescadores y embarcaciones que
+operan al margen de la ley, lo cual no significa aumentar el esfuerzo
+pesquero del sector.
+
+
+ Para este efecto, el proyecto considera tres niveles de regulacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ El primero, para pescadores y embarcaciones actualmente inscritos y a
+los cuales soÌ?lo les resta regularizar algunas especies de las pesqueriÌ?as a
+que tienen acceso; el segundo beneficia a quienes se encuentran en lista de
+espera y, el uÌ?ltimo, a aquellos que carecen de todo tipo de inscripcioÌ?n
+
+
+ Para acceder a este reconocimiento de inscripcioÌ?n en el registro o
+regularizacioÌ?n de la inscripcioÌ?n practicada, los pescadores dispondraÌ?n de
+sesenta diÌ?as contados desde la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley (el proyecto
+despachado por la H. CaÌ?mara amplioÌ? dicho plazo a ciento veinte diÌ?as);
+cumplir con la normativa de la Ley de Pesca y exhibir matriÌ?cula en la o las
+categoriÌ?as para las que solicitan inscripcioÌ?n otorgada antes del 31 de
+julio del anÌ?o 2000. Igual plazo y condiciones se exigiraÌ? a quienes quieran
+inscribir embarcaciones artesanales en el Registro.
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo III del proyecto, seguÌ?n el mensaje, incorpora un importante
+elemento de avance para facilitar la informacioÌ?n bioloÌ?gica, cual es la
+obligacioÌ?n de los armadores de aceptar a bordo a los observadores
+cientiÌ?ficos que designe la SubsecretariÌ?a.
+
+
+ Se persigue, ademaÌ?s, modificar la Ley General de Pesca entregando
+facultades a la autoridad para regularizar el reemplazo de las
+inscripciones en el Registro Artesanal con el objeto de que no se aumente
+el esfuerzo en las pesqueriÌ?as como consecuencia del proceso de
+regularizacioÌ?n de aqueÌ?l.
+
+
+ Concluye el mensaje expresando que tambieÌ?n se propone otra enmienda
+que corrige un vaciÌ?o en la actual legislacioÌ?n en el sentido de que no se
+caduquen las inscripciones de los pescadores artesanales que hayan debido
+abandonar la actividad a virtud de caso fortuito o fuerza mayor.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+3.1.1 5.- DescripcioÌ?n general del articulado del proyecto
+
+
+ Cual se dijo, la iniciativa en informe, aprobada en primer traÌ?mite
+constitucional por la H. CaÌ?mara, estaÌ? conformada por veintiuÌ?n artiÌ?culos
+agrupados en tres tiÌ?tulos.
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo I, comprensivo de los artiÌ?culos 1º al 12, trata sobre la
+medida extraordinaria de administracioÌ?n pesquera denominada "liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo
+de captura por armador".
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 1º define dicha medida como una modalidad que consiste en
+distribuir anualmente la cuota global anual de captura asignada al sector
+industrial, para la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, entre los armadores que tengan
+naves con autorizacioÌ?n de pesca vigente para desarrollar actividades
+pesqueras extractivas en ella, a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n a
+que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 5º.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 2º senÌ?ala cuaÌ?les seraÌ?n las pesqueriÌ?as a las que se
+aplicaraÌ? el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura en las aÌ?reas mariÌ?timas que en cada
+caso se indican, excluyendo la franja artesanal.
+
+
+ 1) Las pesqueriÌ?as del jurel (Trachurus murphyi, en las aÌ?reas
+comprendidas entre las Regiones III a X.
+
+ 2) Las de la sardina sagax en las Regiones III y IV;
+
+ 3) Las de la sardina comuÌ?n (clupea bentincki) en las Regiones V a X.
+
+ 4) Las de la anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), entre las Regiones III y
+X.
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 3º y 4º disponen la fijacioÌ?n de cuotas de captura en
+cada una de las Regiones citadas en el artiÌ?culo precedente para los efectos
+de aplicar la medida extraordinaria de administracioÌ?n, estableciendo un
+procedimiento en el evento de que el Consejo Nacional de Pesca no apruebe
+la cuota propuesta por la SubsecretariÌ?a (caso en el cual dicha cuota
+alcanzaraÌ? al 80% de las capturas totales del anÌ?o anterior). En seguida, se
+faculta a la autoridad para modificar el decreto que fija los liÌ?mites
+maÌ?ximos de captura por armador por maÌ?s de una vez en el anÌ?o.
+
+
+ SenÌ?alan, a continuacioÌ?n, las foÌ?rmulas y mecanismos para establecer el
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador; su coeficiente de participacioÌ?n en
+funcioÌ?n de la capacidad de bodega y la metodologiÌ?a para aplicar
+correcciones a esta uÌ?ltima. (El liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador se
+determina multiplicando el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo del
+armador por la cuota global expresada en toneladas. El coeficiente de
+participacioÌ?n, a su vez, resulta de dividir la capacidad corregida de las
+naves del armador por la suma de las capacidades de bodega corregidas de
+todos los armadores que participan en la pesqueriÌ?a. A su turno, la
+capacidad de bodega corregida se fija multiplicando la capacidad de bodega
+autorizada (metros cuÌ?bicos) por un coeficiente aplicable a cada nave y que
+resulte de dividir la longitud del aÌ?rea autorizada de pesca para dicha nave
+por la longitud total de la pesqueriÌ?a, mediante un procedimiento que la
+misma norma -inciso tercero del artiÌ?culo cuarto- se encarga de explicar).
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 5º impone a la SubsecretariÌ?a el deber de dictar una
+resolucioÌ?n en el mes de septiembre de cada anÌ?o en la que se determinaraÌ?
+para cada nave el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura en las pesqueriÌ?as afectadas por
+la medida, resolucioÌ?n que es reclamable ante el Ministro de EconomiÌ?a seguÌ?n
+el procedimiento que la propia disposicioÌ?n estatuye.
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 6º y 7º facultan a los armadores afectos a la medida
+extraordinaria para asociarse entre siÌ? debiendo inscribir en el Servicio
+Nacional de Pesca la o las naves con que operaraÌ?n. Las naves no inscritas
+quedan exentas del plago de patente pesquera y de la obligacioÌ?n de efectuar
+faenas extractivas dentro de la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a sujeta a la medida de
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 8º obliga a los capitanes de los buques que operen bajo
+el reÌ?gimen de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo a informar al SERNAP acerca las incidencias de
+la navegacioÌ?n, inclusas la hora de recalada; el aÌ?rea de pesca en que
+operaron, los recursos y cantidad estimada de las capturas.
+
+
+ Consigna, ademaÌ?s, otras disposiciones relativas a la informacioÌ?n que
+deben proporcionar el capitaÌ?n de la nave y el armador, destacaÌ?ndose la
+certificacioÌ?n del formulario de informacioÌ?n, al momento del pesaje, que
+habraÌ? de practicar una entidad auditora externa acreditada ante el Servicio
+Nacional de Pesca.
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 9º, 10 y 11, establecen sanciones para los armadores
+que excedan el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo; no informen sus capturas conforme al
+procedimiento consignado en el artiÌ?culo 8º; no cumplan con la exigencia de
+certificacioÌ?n senÌ?alada en esa misma norma o efectuÌ?en descartes. TambieÌ?n se
+sanciona en estos preceptos a los armadores que desarrollen actividad
+extractiva en las aÌ?reas de reserva de la pesca artesanal.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el uÌ?ltimo de estos artiÌ?culos dispone que las sanciones a
+las infracciones precedentes (sanciones administrativas que consisten,
+seguÌ?n la conducta infraccional de que se trate, en descontar porcentajes de
+los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos fijados o en la paralizacioÌ?n de las faenas de pesca)
+seraÌ?n impuestas por la SubsecretariÌ?a; establece el procedimiento para su
+notificacioÌ?n al infractor y la instancia de reclamacioÌ?n (Ministro de
+EconomiÌ?a) fijando los plazos en que se puede interponer el correspondiente
+recurso.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 12 declara que esta medida extraordinaria de
+administracioÌ?n pesquera no constituye derecho para invocar asignaciones de
+cuotas de pesca que se dispongan en el futuro.
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo II, artiÌ?culos 12 al 16, trata de la RegularizacioÌ?n del
+Registro Artesanal.
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 13, 14 y 15 habilitan a los pescadores artesanales y a
+sus embarcaciones en situacioÌ?n irregular (pescadores en lista de espera -al
+31 de julio del 2000- para ser inscritos o a los pescadores carentes de
+todo antecedente -matriÌ?cula u otros- para efectuar faenas de pesca) o que
+no cuenten con autorizacioÌ?n para todas las especies de la respectiva
+pesqueriÌ?a, a ocurrir dentro de los 120 diÌ?as siguientes a la publicacioÌ?n de
+esta ley (el texto primitivo fijaba 60 diÌ?as), al Registro Artesanal y
+solicitar su inscripcioÌ?n. (Ha de recordarse que el mensaje, para
+fundamentar las regulaciones que propone en este acaÌ?pite, advierte que las
+pesqueriÌ?as a las que se propone incorporarse a los pescadores y
+embarcaciones artesanales se encuentran con acceso temporalmente suspendido
+por estar declaradas en reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n).
+
+
+ Estos preceptos consignan, ademaÌ?s, los procedimientos a que deberaÌ?n
+sujetarse los pescadores artesanales y los armadores de naves artesanales
+-para inscribir sus naves- y los requisitos que deben acreditar para
+acceder a las nuevas inscripciones de regularizacioÌ?n, como tambieÌ?n las
+diligencias que han de cumplir los referidos pescadores y armadores que no
+cumplan con las exigencias consignadas en los artiÌ?culos 51 oÌ? 52 de la Ley
+de Pesca. (El referido artiÌ?culo 51 dispone que para inscribirse como
+pescador artesanal el interesado ha de cumplir las siguientes condiciones:
+ser persona natural o juriÌ?dica constituida exclusivamente por personas
+naturales que invistan el caraÌ?cter de pescador artesanal; ser chileno o
+extranjero domiciliado; exhibir matriÌ?cula de pescador artesanal otorgada
+por la autoridad mariÌ?tima, y acreditar domicilio en la regioÌ?n, provincia o
+comuna para la cual solicita la inscripcioÌ?n y no encontrarse inscrito en
+otras regiones. El artiÌ?culo 52, a su turno, exige, para inscribir
+embarcaciones en el registro artesanal, el cumplimiento de los siguientes
+requisitos: acreditar posesioÌ?n o tenencia de ellas con expresioÌ?n de que se
+trata de naves artesanales; que su eslora no supera los 18 metros y su
+capacidad es de hasta 50 toneladas de registro grueso y, finalmente, que su
+poseedor o armador estaÌ? inscrito como pescador artesanal).
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 16, uÌ?ltimo de este TiÌ?tulo, prohibe efectuar operaciones
+pesqueras industriales en el aÌ?rea de reserva para la pesca artesanal
+durante la vigencia de esta ley en las Regiones en que al 7 de noviembre
+del anÌ?o 2000 no estuvieren autorizadas faenas extractivas.
+
+
+ El TiÌ?tulo III, Disposiciones Varias, comprende los artiÌ?culos 17 a 21
+del proyecto.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 17 obliga a los armadores industriales a aceptar a bordo
+de sus naves y a los administradores de plantas procesadoras a admitir en
+ellas, observadores cientiÌ?ficos para recopilar informacioÌ?n bioloÌ?gica
+pesquera.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 18 introduce diversas enmiendas a la Ley GeneraL de Pesca
+siendo las maÌ?s relevantes las que autorizan a la SubsecretariÌ?a para
+determinar el nuÌ?mero de inscripciones vacantes en el Registro con el objeto
+de que el esfuerzo de pesca no afecte la sustentabilidad del recurso; la
+que otorga a los fiscalizadores del SERNAP la condicioÌ?n de ministros de fe,
+y la que faculta a este Servicio para registrar bodegas y centros de
+distribucioÌ?n en los que fundadamente se presuma se ha cometido infraccioÌ?n a
+la normativa pesquera. TambieÌ?n faculta al Servicio para requerir
+informacioÌ?n relativa a la actividad extractiva e informes extraordinarios
+de produccioÌ?n y declaraciones de recursos elaborados y de sus productos
+derivados.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 19 declara que las regularizaciones de esta ley no
+afectan las disposiciones de la Ley de Pesca, con excepcioÌ?n de las normas
+que expresamente la modifican, en tanto que el artiÌ?culo 20 reemplaza en el
+artiÌ?culo 28, letra a) del DFL Nº 5, de 1983, la expresioÌ?n "instrucciones"
+por "resoluciones", con lo cual se otorga al Director Nacional del SERNAP
+facultades resolutivas para la aplicacioÌ?n y fiscalizacioÌ?n de las leyes d
+pesca.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el artiÌ?culo 21 dispone que esta ley regiraÌ? hasta el 31
+de diciembre del anÌ?o 2002, con excepcioÌ?n de las normas de los artiÌ?culos 9º
+-inciso segundo- 17, 18 -nuÌ?meros 1,2 y 3- y artiÌ?culo 20.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ 6.- DiscusioÌ?n general de la iniciativa
+
+
+4 Uno) En sesioÌ?n de 13 de diciembre pasado, el Subsecretario de Pesca,
+senÌ?or Daniel AlbarraÌ?n, expresoÌ? que la iniciativa tiene por propoÌ?sito
+ordenar los sectores industrial y artesanal en dos aspectos especiÌ?ficos.
+
+
+ En el industrial, para que los armadores puedan organizar la pesca
+sobre la base de una cuota global, administrada con la nueva herramienta de
+liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura por armador y, en el artesanal, para regularizar
+los Registros Pesqueros pudiendo de esa forma conocer el nuÌ?mero real de
+participantes en el sector y en cada una de las pesqueriÌ?as.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que las pesqueriÌ?as incluidas en el proyecto, tanto las
+consignadas en el texto original como las que enumera el proyecto aprobado
+por la H. CaÌ?mara, estaÌ?n declaradas en estado de plena explotacioÌ?n, por lo
+que la autoridad pesquera requiere conocer el estado de ellas y sus
+excedentes y, a partir de ese conocimiento, proponer las cuotas de captura
+al Consejo Nacional de Pesca para su aprobacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Respecto del sector industrial, bajo el imperio de la actual
+legislacioÌ?n, si bien estaÌ? restringido el acceso a nuevos agentes, los
+armadores tienen libertad de pesca para operar con su propio esfuerzo en
+las pesqueriÌ?as autorizadas, lo cual significa que habiendo desproporcioÌ?n
+entre dicho esfuerzo pesquero -por un incremento de naves en los uÌ?ltimos
+diez anÌ?os, optimizado, ademaÌ?s, por nuevas tecnologiÌ?as-, y el recurso, en
+poco tiempo (diÌ?as o meses) capturan la cuota fijada compitiendo por obtener
+de dicha cuota el mayor volumen posible, lo que trae como consecuencia que
+eÌ?sta se sobrepasa o se completa antes de los tiempos previstos, provocando,
+a su vez, el cierre de las pesqueriÌ?as, con un ineficiente aprovechamiento
+de los recursos.
+
+
+ ExpresoÌ?, en seguida, que respecto de todos los recursos consignados
+en el proyecto original que se encuentran en reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n,
+ya se han fijado cuotas de captura para el anÌ?o 2001, y de no mediar los
+instrumentos de administracioÌ?n que se proponen en la iniciativa, en el
+sector industrial se desplegaraÌ? el esfuerzo pesquero generaÌ?ndose el efecto
+de la llamada "carrera oliÌ?mpica", por encontrarse en todas ellas los
+mismos supuestos de sobreinversioÌ?n en flota y escasez de recursos.
+
+
+ Para reducir las consecuencias de estas capturas que denominoÌ?
+freneÌ?ticas, la autoridad ha ejercido la potestad que le franquea la ley de
+dividir la cuota fijada. Por ejemplo, en el caso de la merluza comuÌ?n,
+respecto del anÌ?o 2001 se ha determinado un volumen de 86 mil toneladas para
+el sector industrial, y de 22.800 para el artesanal, fraccionadas en cuotas
+mensuales de 7.000 y 1.900 toneladas, respectivamente. La experiencia
+obtenida durante los cuatro uÌ?ltimos meses del anÌ?o 2000 -en que se fijaron
+cuotas de 4.000 toneladas mensuales- la carrera oliÌ?mpica significoÌ? que en
+el mes de septiembre se capturaron en tres diÌ?as 5.200 toneladas, y el
+exceso hubo de restarse a la cuota fijada para octubre. En dicho mes y en
+los siguientes las cuotas se capturaron en dos, tres y dos diÌ?as,
+respectivamente. AdemaÌ?s del evidente perjuicio que la situacioÌ?n descrita
+acarrea, ha de agregarse la merma que se produce en el proceso industrial,
+en que disminuye el valor agregado y el tiempo laboral. De lo anterior se
+colige que el fraccionamiento de la cuota tampoco es una solucioÌ?n para los
+graves problemas del sector, pues se mantienen lo que llamoÌ? las "mini
+carreras oliÌ?mpicas".
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ? en seguida, que el proyecto propone que las cuotas globales
+anuales de las distintas pesqueriÌ?as (pelaÌ?gicas y demersales) se capturen
+ordenadamente, y para conseguir tal fin se limita el volumen a capturar por
+cada armador, y este liÌ?mite se efectuÌ?a conforme a dos criterios: la
+historia de los desembarques de cada nave y la capacidad de bodega
+corregida en aquellas pesqueriÌ?as en que no es posible determinar la
+historia por lo irregular de las operaciones pesqueras debido a las vedas
+que las han afectado.
+
+
+ Ahora bien, la modalidad prevista en el proyecto -liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura- en el resultado de un estudio objetivo del desarrollo de la
+actividad extractiva. La captura histoÌ?rica, explicoÌ?, es el paraÌ?metro maÌ?s
+adecuado para la aplicacioÌ?n de esta medida extraordinaria como criterio
+general en las pesqueriÌ?as en que existe libertad de pesca -dentro de la
+cuota global-, en que cada uno de los agentes trata de obtener el mejor
+rendimiento de su esfuerzo. En otras pesqueriÌ?as afectadas por vedas
+prolongadas, y por consiguiente con una operacioÌ?n de flota irregular, se
+incorpora el criterio de capacidad de bodega corregida como el indicador
+adecuado para definir los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos por cada armador.
+
+
+ En otro orden, dijo que esta medida extraordinaria de administracioÌ?n
+pesquera requiere para su eficacia de nuevas foÌ?rmulas de fiscalizacioÌ?n, de
+estiÌ?mulos a la investigacioÌ?n y de procedimientos sancionatorios
+complementarios a los contenidos en la actual legislacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En lo que se refiere a la fiscalizacioÌ?n se han incorporados
+mecanismos de informacioÌ?n que deben proporcionar los agentes pesqueros a
+la autoridad, con certificaciones expedidas por terceras personas inscritas
+en los registro que para este efecto llevaraÌ? el SERNAP, en un contexto
+anaÌ?logo al de las auditoriÌ?as externas que supervisa la Superintendencia de
+Valores. TambieÌ?n se ha previsto un instrumento que permitiraÌ? a la autoridad
+fiscalizadora practicar balances de materiales en las plantas y cruzar
+informacioÌ?n con el desembarque -idea propuesta por los propios agentes
+industriales- cuyo objetivo es hacer maÌ?s transparente la actividad de modo
+de reducir el riesgo a la infraccioÌ?n del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura.
+
+
+ Para efectos de investigacioÌ?n, el proyecto contiene una norma que
+impone a los armadores la obligacioÌ?n de aceptar observadores a bordo para
+mejorar las actividades en este rubro. En materia de sanciones, se han
+propuesto disposiciones que castiguen la pesca que exceda los liÌ?mites de
+captura, la informacioÌ?n distorsionada y las perforaciones ilegales, con
+sanciones administrativas que se sustancian en la SubsecretariÌ?a, y que son
+reclamables ante el Ministro de EconomiÌ?a
+
+
+ ConcluyoÌ? expresando que tambieÌ?n se ha considerado en este proyecto
+sancionar el descarte, materia de suyo importante en pesqueriÌ?as en que la
+captura va asociada a fauna acompanÌ?ante, pues el armador tiende a
+completar su cuota solo con pescado que le sea realmente uÌ?til y rentable.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Dos) En sesioÌ?n de 3 de enero del presente anÌ?o 2001, la ComisioÌ?n se
+abocoÌ? a debatir acerca de la idea de legislar respecto de esta iniciativa.
+
+
+ Consignamos, a continuacioÌ?n, y en el mismo orden en que
+intervinieron, las opiniones y observaciones que a los senÌ?ores Senadores
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n merecioÌ? el anaÌ?lisis de esta iniciativa y el acuerdo
+que a su respecto se adoptoÌ?:
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Horvath recordoÌ? que cuando la ComisioÌ?n se abocoÌ?
+al estudio del proyecto de ley que estableciÌ?a las cuotas individuales
+transferibles como un reÌ?gimen de acceso a las pesqueriÌ?as, eÌ?l expresoÌ? su
+disconformidad -y votoÌ? en contra de la idea de legislar respecto de ese
+proyecto- por las razones que expuso en su oportunidad, especialmente,
+porque le mereciÌ?a criÌ?ticas al hecho de que el referido reÌ?gimen fuera de
+duracioÌ?n indefinida. La situacioÌ?n que plantea esta nueva iniciativa, en
+tanto, constituye una medida extraordinaria de administracioÌ?n pesquera, de
+efectos transitorios para un espacio de tiempo de dos anÌ?os, que permite su
+revisioÌ?n y reversibilidad, y que puede servir de freno al aumento del
+esfuerzo pesquero y evitar el efecto pernicioso de la llamada "carrera
+oliÌ?mpica".
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que respecto de las materias que el proyecto aborda para
+regularizar el sector artesanal deban considerarse, tambieÌ?n, foÌ?rmulas para
+mejorar la representatividad de este estamento en las instancias de
+participacioÌ?n de los agentes pesqueros, como son el Consejo Nacional de
+Pesca y los Consejos Zonales, organismos en que los pescadores artesanales
+estaÌ?n insuficientemente representados.
+
+
+ Fue de parecer, tambieÌ?n, que este proyecto es un importante avance
+para regularizar el Registro Artesanal concluyendo en que las indicaciones
+que se propongan en la discusioÌ?n particular podraÌ?n perfeccionar la
+iniciativa en teÌ?rminos de, por ejemplo, reinsertar el elemento histoÌ?rico
+para determinar el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativa de los armadores
+en el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, o incluir normas que aminoren o sancionen
+con mayor drasticidad los decartes dados los graves perjuicios que eÌ?ste
+provoca en la biomasa.
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Stange manifestoÌ? entre los factores que debe
+considerar para adoptar una decisioÌ?n respecto de esta iniciativa destaca
+muy especialmente los efectos que ella puede producir en el estamento
+artesanal de la X RegioÌ?n. Hizo presente que el sector artesanal es el que
+ha desplegado los mayores esfuerzos para proteger la biomasa y dar
+sustentabilidad a los recursos, aspecto que estima no estaÌ?n debidamente
+cautelados en el proyecto.
+
+
+ Dijo, sin embargo, que la iniciativa plantea un tema interesante
+como es la regularizacioÌ?n de los registro artesanales, pero, al mismo
+tiempo, abogoÌ? porque se crearan nuevas instancias de participacioÌ?n de la
+pesca artesanal en las regiones con el propoÌ?sito de que la investigacioÌ?n y
+el esfuerzo se focalice en aÌ?reas maÌ?s delimitadas que permitan, a los que
+hacen de la actividad extractiva su medio de vida, un mayor conocimiento de
+los recursos que ofrece el mar.
+
+
+ Finalmente expresoÌ? tener dudas respecto de los mecanismos de
+fiscalizacioÌ?n que propone la iniciativa; la condicioÌ?n de ministro de fe que
+se asigna a los funcionarios del SERNAP, y las atribuciones que se entregan
+a esta entidad para investigar a las empresas pesqueras, aspectos todos
+que, seguÌ?n su opinioÌ?n, merecen de una mayor reflexioÌ?n
+
+
+ El H. Senador senÌ?or Ruiz De Giorgio fue de opinioÌ?n que este proyecto
+de ley tiene su origen en una situacioÌ?n de crisis que afecta al sector
+pesquero, no solo atribuible a fenoÌ?menos naturales sino a la
+responsabilidad de los empresarios, del Gobierno y de los Parlamentarios,
+pues se autorizoÌ? sobredimensionar la flota industrial con una capacidad de
+captura mayor a la posibilidad de mantener recursos sustentables.
+
+
+ AgregoÌ? que, en su opinioÌ?n, la transitoriedad que se pretende dar al
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura con este proyecto se puede transformar, andando el
+tiempo, en un mecanismo permanente que no solucionaraÌ? la crisis por la que
+atraviesa la actividad extractiva.
+
+
+ EstimoÌ?, tambieÌ?n, como un efecto previsible de la iniciativa, la
+generacioÌ?n de cesantiÌ?a pues las empresas, al subordinar sus faenas al
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo, deberaÌ?n reducir sus medios de produccioÌ?n para adecuarlos a
+la nueva cuota, entre ellos a sus de empleados y obreros.
+
+
+ Hizo presente que la iniciativa puede provocar un reordenamiento en
+el sector industrial, permitieÌ?ndole planificar su actividad, lo cual no
+necesariamente redundaraÌ? en beneficio para los trabajadores.
+
+
+ A juicio del senÌ?or Senador, la solucioÌ?n adecuada para enfrentar la
+crisis pesquera habriÌ?a sido -dos anÌ?os atraÌ?s, cuando se inicioÌ? la
+discusioÌ?n de las cuotas individuales transferibles- modificar el mecanismo
+de la Ley de Pesca que permite licitar anualmente soÌ?lo el 5% de la cuota
+global, elevando dicho porcentaje, opcioÌ?n que se desechoÌ? y, al mismo
+tiempo, no se adoptaron las medidas para prever el problema que hoy afecta
+a la pesqueriÌ?a del jurel.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con algunas pesqueriÌ?as demersales, como la merluza del
+sur, estima conveniente suprimir la participacioÌ?n de naves industriales en
+ellas pues el sector artesanal, en la actualidad, cuenta con capacidad y
+esfuerzo pesquero para administrarla eficientemente, y soÌ?lo se debiera
+autorizar la operacioÌ?n de dichas naves industriales en estas pesqueriÌ?as
+cuando el volumen de los recursos disponibles permita razonablemente que
+coexistan ambos sectores sin riesgo para la sustentabilidad de las
+especies.
+
+
+ Los aspectos descritos, continuoÌ?, no estaÌ?n presentes ni resueltos en
+la iniciativa que hoy se discute, que tampoco propone soluciones a otros
+vaciÌ?os que se advierten en la legislacioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ Intervino, a continuacioÌ?n, el H. Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don Adolfo,
+quien manifestoÌ? su opinioÌ?n de que la actividad pesquera estaÌ? llegando a una
+situacioÌ?n liÌ?mite, y que si no se adoptan medidas como las que propone el
+proyecto se produciraÌ? un colapso de graves efectos econoÌ?micos y sociales
+para el paiÌ?s dada la creciente importancia que ha venido adquiriendo la
+pesca en la actividad econoÌ?mica.
+
+
+ No obstante estar de acuerdo en general con la iniciativa, expresoÌ? su
+inquietud en orden a que la medida propuesta -liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura- se
+extienda a todas las pesqueriÌ?as, especialmente las demersales sur austral,
+para evitar el efecto negativo que acarreariÌ?a una aplicacioÌ?n parcial de
+ellas, circunscrita a determinadas pesqueriÌ?as.
+
+
+ SenÌ?aloÌ?, en seguida, que al igual que en muÌ?ltiples otras
+manifestaciones de la actividad econoÌ?mica nacional, es menester desplegar
+esfuerzos para incorporar valor agregado a las faenas extractivas pues eso
+significa un mayor retorno de divisas, manifiestamente superior al que
+genera la explotacioÌ?n de materias primas con baja elaboracioÌ?n, como es la
+industria reductora (elaboracioÌ?n de harina).
+
+
+ ExpresoÌ?, tambieÌ?n, en que es conveniente abrir caminos de confianza,
+especialmente en lo que respecta a las autoridades del Gobierno dedicadas
+a resolver los problemas de nuestros recursos mariÌ?timos; y concluyoÌ?
+senÌ?alando que el proyecto, por la viÌ?a de las indicaciones en la discusioÌ?n
+particular, debe prever la inclusioÌ?n de las pesqueriÌ?as demersales del sur
+austral para no romper el equilibrio de los objetivos que la iniciativa
+persigue, y que se consideren, ademaÌ?s, sanciones maÌ?s draÌ?sticas para las
+infracciones que se cometan en perjuicio de esta medida extraordinaria de
+proteccioÌ?n de las especies mariÌ?timas.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el H. Senador senÌ?or MartiÌ?nez expresoÌ? las reflexiones que
+le merecioÌ? el estudio de este proyecto.
+
+
+ Dijo coincidir con apreciaciones precedentes en el sentido de que el
+sector pesquero estaÌ? enfrentando al dilema de que si no se adoptan medidas
+urgentes y adecuadas para resolver los problemas que lo afectan, la biomasa
+del paiÌ?s experimentaraÌ? un quiebre en su capacidad reproductiva, lo cual
+incidiraÌ? en toda la cadena de la actividad econoÌ?mica vinculada al sector
+-el jurel es un importante contribuyente como factor alimenticio en la
+actividad salmoniÌ?fera-, en teÌ?rminos de que el colapso pesquero produciriÌ?a
+el efecto en cascada en otros rubros o actividades como el del ejemplo
+mencionado.
+
+
+ Por lo anterior, continuoÌ?, es necesario explorar medidas de
+administracioÌ?n pesquera que permitan recuperar la biomasa, conservar las
+fuentes de trabajo y dar pasos efectivos para mejorar la investigacioÌ?n, de
+modo que se generan instrumentos que permitan un mayor control cientiÌ?fico
+de los recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos.
+
+
+ EstimoÌ? que la propuesta del proyecto apunta en la direccioÌ?n correcta,
+y es por tanto adecuada, sin perjuicio de las correcciones que habraÌ?n de
+formularse en el anaÌ?lisis en particular de sus normas para avanzar,
+posteriormente, en una revisioÌ?n maÌ?s de fondo de la legislacioÌ?n pesquera que
+lleva ya diez anÌ?os de aplicacioÌ?n en el paiÌ?s.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ 7.- Acuerdo de la ComisioÌ?n
+
+
+
+ Sometida a votacioÌ?n la idea de legislar respecto de esta iniciativa
+de ley, la ComisioÌ?n, por mayoriÌ?a de votos, acordoÌ? prestarle su aprobacioÌ?n.
+Votaron a favor de la iniciativa los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores Horvath,
+MartiÌ?nez y ZaldiÌ?var, don Adolfo. Se pronunciaron en contra de ella los HH:
+Senadores senÌ?ores Ruiz de Giorgio y Stange.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ 8.- Texto de la iniciativa aprobada en general
+
+
+ Incluimos en este acaÌ?pite, a mayor abundamiento, el texto del
+proyecto de ley despachado por la H. CaÌ?mara de Diputados y aprobado en
+general por esta ComisioÌ?n de Intereses MariÌ?timos, Pesca y Acuicultura
+
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY:
+
+
+ "TIÌ?TULO I
+
+4.1 DEL LIÌ?MITE MAÌ?XIMO DE CAPTURA POR ARMADOR
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 1°.- Durante la vigencia de esta ley, las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a
+que se individualizan en el artiÌ?culo 2° se someteraÌ?n a una medida de
+administracioÌ?n denominada liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador.
+
+
+Dicha medida de administracioÌ?n consiste en distribuir anualmente la cuota
+global anual de captura asignada al sector industrial, para la unidad de
+pesqueriÌ?a, entre los armadores que tengan naves con autorizacioÌ?n de pesca
+vigente para desarrollar actividades pesqueras extractivas en ella, a la
+fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 5°.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 2°.- El liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura se aplicaraÌ? a las unidades de
+pesqueriÌ?a que a continuacioÌ?n se indican en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima correspondiente
+al mar territorial y zona econoÌ?mica exclusiva, por fuera del aÌ?rea de
+reserva artesanal, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 47 de la
+Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura:
+
+a) Jurel (Trachurus murphyi), en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima correspondiente a la III
+y IV Regiones.
+
+b) Sardina (Sardinops sagax) y anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), en el aÌ?rea
+mariÌ?tima correspondiente a la III y IV Regiones.
+
+c) Jurel (Trachurus murphyi), en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima comprendida entre el
+liÌ?mite norte de la V RegioÌ?n y el liÌ?mite sur de la IX RegioÌ?n.
+
+d) Jurel (Trachurus murphyi), en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima correspondiente a la X
+RegioÌ?n.
+
+e) Sardina comuÌ?n (Clupea bentincki) y anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), en el
+aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima comprendida entre el liÌ?mite norte de la V RegioÌ?n y el liÌ?mite
+sur de la X RegioÌ?n.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 3°.- Para los efectos de la aplicacioÌ?n de la medida de
+administracioÌ?n, deberaÌ? fijarse una cuota global anual de captura para cada
+una de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo anterior, de
+conformidad con lo dispuesto en la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+En el evento de que el Consejo Nacional de Pesca no apruebe la cuota global
+anual de captura propuesta por la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca, para el anÌ?o
+siguiente regiraÌ? automaÌ?ticamente el 80% de la cuota global anual de captura
+establecida para el anÌ?o inmediatamente anterior de esa unidad de pesqueriÌ?a.
+ Si no existiere cuota global anual de captura para ese anÌ?o, regiraÌ? como
+cuota global anual el 80% de las capturas totales realizadas en la unidad
+de pesqueriÌ?a durante el anÌ?o anterior.
+
+
+La cuota global anual de captura establecida para las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a
+a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 2° podraÌ? modificarse maÌ?s de una vez en el anÌ?o,
+de acuerdo con el procedimiento respectivo. Cuando se modifique la cuota
+de captura, deberaÌ? modificarse el decreto que establece los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos
+de captura por armador y la resolucioÌ?n a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 6°,
+cuando corresponda.
+
+
+La cuota global anual de captura establecida para las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a
+a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 2°, deberaÌ? fraccionarse en maÌ?s de un periÌ?odo
+dentro del anÌ?o calendario.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 4°.- El liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador para cada una de las
+unidades de pesqueriÌ?a a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 2° seraÌ? el resultado de
+multiplicar el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo por armador, expresado
+en porcentaje con siete decimales, por la cuota global anual de captura
+correspondiente al sector industrial, expresada en toneladas.
+
+
+El coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo por armador para las unidades de
+pesqueriÌ?a individualizadas en las letras a), b), c), d) y e) del artiÌ?culo
+2° seraÌ? el resultado de dividir la capacidad de bodega corregida de todas
+las naves autorizadas al armador a la fecha de la resolucioÌ?n a que se
+refiere el artiÌ?culo 5° por la sumatoria de todas las capacidades de bodega
+corregidas de todos los armadores con autorizacioÌ?n vigente a esa misma
+fecha en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a correspondiente.
+
+
+Para determinar la capacidad de bodega corregida de cada nave, se
+multiplicaraÌ? la capacidad de bodega autorizada, expresada en metros
+cuÌ?bicos, por el coeficiente de correccioÌ?n que le corresponda. El
+coeficiente de correccioÌ?n de cada nave seraÌ? el resultado de dividir la
+longitud del aÌ?rea autorizada a ella en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a por la
+longitud total de la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, ambas medidas en liÌ?nea recta
+imaginaria trazada entre las latitudes que correspondan a la liÌ?nea de
+costa, en orientacioÌ?n norte sur y expresadas en millas naÌ?uticas. Las
+coordenadas necesarias para efectuar el caÌ?lculo del coeficiente de
+correccioÌ?n deberaÌ?n ser obtenidas de las cartas naÌ?uticas vigentes, escala
+1:500.000, elaboradas por el Servicio HidrograÌ?fico y OceanograÌ?fico de la
+Armada.
+
+
+En el evento de que alguna de las naves se encuentre autorizada en virtud
+de una sustitucioÌ?n, se consideraraÌ?n las capturas efectuadas en el mismo
+periÌ?odo por la o las naves que dieron origen a eÌ?sta. Si en virtud de la
+sustitucioÌ?n se otorgoÌ? autorizacioÌ?n a dos o maÌ?s naves sustitutas, se
+distribuiraÌ?n entre ellas las capturas de las naves que les dieron origen en
+la proporcioÌ?n que corresponda de acuerdo con el paraÌ?metro especiÌ?fico
+contenido en el reglamento de sustitucioÌ?n de embarcaciones pesqueras
+industriales.
+
+Se entenderaÌ? por captura lo informado en el formulario de desembarque
+industrial, debidamente recibido por el Servicio Nacional de Pesca conforme
+a las disposiciones comunes contenidas en el TiÌ?tulo V de la Ley General de
+Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 5°.- En el mes de septiembre de cada anÌ?o, la SubsecretariÌ?a de
+Pesca dictaraÌ? una resolucioÌ?n para cada una de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a a
+que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 2°, la que contendraÌ? para cada nave, a lo menos,
+la capacidad de bodega autorizada expresada en metros cuÌ?bicos y el aÌ?rea o
+regiones autorizadas en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, seguÌ?n corresponda.
+
+Los titulares de las autorizaciones de pesca podraÌ?n reclamar con
+antecedentes fundados ante el Ministro de EconomiÌ?a respecto de la
+informacioÌ?n consignada en la resolucioÌ?n, dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as
+corridos contados desde su publicacioÌ?n. TrataÌ?ndose de reclamaciones
+relativas a la informacioÌ?n de captura, deberaÌ? indicarse especiÌ?ficamente la
+diferencia reclamada respecto de cada mes y anÌ?o. En caso contrario, la
+reclamacioÌ?n no seraÌ? acogida a traÌ?mite, respecto de esa materia.
+
+El Ministro resolveraÌ? dichas reclamaciones en el plazo de 30 diÌ?as y
+comunicaraÌ? al interesado su decisioÌ?n por carta certificada. Resueltas las
+reclamaciones o transcurrido el plazo para interponerlas, se dictaraÌ? un
+decreto supremo que fijaraÌ? los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura por armador,
+respecto de cada una de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a a que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo 2°.
+
+Cuando deba modificarse el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo de un
+armador y, consecuentemente, su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, no se modificaraÌ?n
+los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura del resto de los titulares.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 6°.- Una vez publicado el decreto que establece el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo
+de captura por armador, los armadores podraÌ?n optar por someterse a esta
+medida de administracioÌ?n conjuntamente con otros armadores que se
+encuentren bajo la aplicacioÌ?n de la misma medida. El grupo de armadores
+que opte por esta modalidad deberaÌ? manifestar su voluntad por escrito a la
+SubsecretariÌ?a, dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as corridos contados desde la fecha
+de publicacioÌ?n del decreto respectivo.
+
+
+La SubsecretariÌ?a dictaraÌ? una resolucioÌ?n dentro de los 5 diÌ?as siguientes,
+reconociendo la participacioÌ?n conjunta de los grupos de armadores y el
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura que le corresponda a cada uno de ellos. El
+ejercicio de esta opcioÌ?n es irrevocable durante el anÌ?o calendario
+correspondiente.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 7°.- El armador o grupo de armadores que tengan maÌ?s de una nave
+bajo su titularidad podraÌ?n optar por efectuar operaciones de pesca
+extractiva con una o maÌ?s de sus naves autorizadas, efecto para el cual
+deberaÌ?n inscribir en el Servicio Nacional de Pesca la o las naves con que
+haraÌ?n efectivo su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura. Las naves inscritas podraÌ?n
+efectuar operaciones de pesca extractiva en toda el aÌ?rea de la respectiva
+unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, con excepcioÌ?n de los barcos faÌ?brica, que deberaÌ?n
+operar de acuerdo con lo establecido en la Ley General de Pesca y
+Acuicultura, y con las limitaciones a las aÌ?reas de pesca establecidas para
+los artes o aparejos de pesca, contenidas en las respectivas autorizaciones
+de pesca.
+
+Las naves no inscritas quedaraÌ?n exoneradas de la obligacioÌ?n de pago de la
+patente uÌ?nica pesquera y de la obligacioÌ?n de efectuar operacioÌ?n pesquera
+extractiva establecida en el artiÌ?culo 143, letra b), de la Ley General de
+Pesca y Acuicultura, ambas excepciones soÌ?lo respecto de la unidad de
+pesqueriÌ?a con liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador y su fauna acompanÌ?ante.
+
+Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, para el solo efecto de la historia de las
+capturas de cada nave, las capturas efectuadas por las naves inscritas
+para los efectos de esta ley se distribuiraÌ?n a prorrata entre todas las
+naves que dieron origen al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador, de acuerdo
+con el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo de cada nave.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 8°.- Los capitanes de las naves pesqueras pertenecientes a
+armadores sujetos a la medida de administracioÌ?n de esta ley, se encuentren
+o no inscritas de acuerdo con el artiÌ?culo 7°, deberaÌ?n, por viaje de pesca,
+llenar y entregar al Servicio Nacional de Pesca una copia del formulario
+que para tal efecto dispondraÌ? ese Servicio. El formulario deberaÌ? senÌ?alar,
+a lo menos, fecha y hora de recalada a puerto, aÌ?rea de pesca, recursos
+capturados y la cantidad estimada de cada uno de ellos, expresada en
+toneladas. La copia del formulario deberaÌ? ser entregada o enviada viÌ?a fax
+al Servicio dentro de las dos horas siguientes a la recalada. El original
+del formulario deberaÌ? ser entregado por el capitaÌ?n de la nave a su armador.
+
+Los armadores o a quienes eÌ?stos faculten deberaÌ?n llenar el formulario
+original con la informacioÌ?n de captura por viaje de pesca, indicando a lo
+menos las especies y volumen capturado, expresado en toneladas, de cada una
+de ellas y su destinatario.
+
+Si la captura de un viaje de pesca es entregada a maÌ?s de un destinatario,
+el armador deberaÌ? consignar en el formulario los nombres de todos ellos,
+especificando en cada caso los recursos y voluÌ?menes involucrados.
+
+La informacioÌ?n contenida en el formulario que debe llenar el armador deberaÌ?
+ser certificada al momento del pesaje por una entidad auditora acreditada
+por el Servicio Nacional de Pesca. El armador deberaÌ? entregar o enviar viÌ?a
+fax, al Servicio Nacional de Pesca que corresponda, una copia de dicho
+formulario, dentro de las dos horas siguientes al pesaje.
+
+El formulario original deberaÌ? ser entregado por la entidad certificadora en
+la oficina del Servicio que corresponda, a maÌ?s tardar el diÌ?a haÌ?bil
+siguiente al de recalada de la nave.
+
+La forma, requisitos y condiciones de la certificacioÌ?n y acreditacioÌ?n de
+las entidades auditoras seraÌ? establecida por resolucioÌ?n del Servicio.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 9°.- Al armador o grupo de armadores que sobrepasen el liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura establecido en un anÌ?o calendario se le descontaraÌ? al anÌ?o
+siguiente el triple del exceso, expresado en porcentaje para cada uno de
+los coeficientes de participacioÌ?n relativos de cada una de las naves que
+dio origen al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a
+correspondiente.
+
+Al armador o grupo de armadores que sobrepase el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+establecido en el uÌ?ltimo anÌ?o calendario en que se aplique esta medida de
+administracioÌ?n, al anÌ?o siguiente deberaÌ? paralizar por dos meses las
+actividades pesqueras extractivas de todas las naves que dieron origen a su
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 10.- Al armador o grupo de armadores que desembarque y no informe
+sus capturas de acuerdo con el procedimiento a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo
+8° o efectuÌ?e descarte, se le descontaraÌ? el 30% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+que le corresponda en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a durante ese anÌ?o calendario. Si
+al armador o grupo de armadores se le hubiere agotado su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura para ese anÌ?o, se le descontaraÌ? del anÌ?o siguiente.
+
+
+Para estos efectos se entenderaÌ? por descarte el desechar al mar especies
+hidrobioloÌ?gicas capturadas.
+
+Al armador o grupo de armadores que desembarque y no deÌ? cumplimiento al
+procedimiento de certificacioÌ?n a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 8° en la forma
+y condiciones establecidas, se le descontaraÌ? el 10% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura que le corresponda en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a durante ese anÌ?o
+calendario. Si al armador o grupo de armadores se le hubiere agotado su
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura para ese anÌ?o, se le descontaraÌ? del anÌ?o siguiente.
+
+
+Al armador o grupo de armadores que efectuÌ?e operaciones de pesca extractiva
+con una o maÌ?s de sus naves en aÌ?reas de reserva artesanal no autorizada
+conforme al artiÌ?culo 47 de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, se le
+descontaraÌ? el 10% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura que le corresponda en la
+unidad de pesqueriÌ?a durante ese anÌ?o calendario. Si al armador o grupo de
+armadores se le hubiere agotado su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura para ese anÌ?o,
+se le descontaraÌ? del anÌ?o siguiente.
+
+
+Al armador o grupo de armadores que durante el uÌ?ltimo anÌ?o calendario en que
+se aplique esta medida de administracioÌ?n, incurra en alguna de las
+infracciones a que se refiere el presente artiÌ?culo y se le hubiere agotado
+su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, deberaÌ? paralizar por un mes las actividades
+pesqueras extractivas en el anÌ?o siguiente.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 11.- Las sanciones administrativas a que se refieren los
+artiÌ?culos 9° y 10, seraÌ?n impuestas por resolucioÌ?n de la SubsecretariÌ?a de
+Pesca, previo informe del Servicio.
+
+
+La resolucioÌ?n seraÌ? notificada al armador o grupo de armadores por carta
+certificada, la que se entenderaÌ? legalmente practicada despueÌ?s de un plazo
+adicional de tres diÌ?as, contados desde la fecha de su despacho por la
+oficina de correos.
+
+
+Los afectados dispondraÌ?n del plazo de 10 diÌ?as, contados desde la
+notificacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n, para reclamar de ella ante el Ministro de
+EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+El Ministro dispondraÌ? del plazo de treinta diÌ?as para recabar los informes y
+antecedentes que estime necesarios y resolver la reclamacioÌ?n.
+
+
+La resolucioÌ?n del Ministro que resuelva la reclamacioÌ?n no seraÌ? susceptible
+de recurso administrativo alguno.
+
+
+El recurso de reclamacioÌ?n no suspenderaÌ? la aplicacioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n
+impuesta por resolucioÌ?n de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 12.- El establecimiento del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador
+a que se refiere este tiÌ?tulo no constituiraÌ? derecho alguno en asignaciones
+de cualquier tipo que se efectuÌ?en en el futuro.
+
+4.1.1.1.1 TITULO II
+
+ DE LA REGULARIZACIOÌ?N DEL REGISTRO ARTESANAL
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 13.- Durante los 120 diÌ?as siguientes a la publicacioÌ?n de la esta
+ley, los pescadores artesanales podraÌ?n inscribirse en el Registro Artesanal
+que lleva el Servicio Nacional de Pesca, en aquellas pesqueriÌ?as en que se
+encuentre transitoriamente suspendida la inscripcioÌ?n de conformidad a lo
+establecido en el artiÌ?culo 33 de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, en
+la forma y condiciones que a continuacioÌ?n se establecen:
+
+
+1) Los pescadores artesanales que se encuentren inscritos en el Registro en
+una o maÌ?s especies de una pesqueriÌ?a, podraÌ?n solicitar inscripcioÌ?n en todas
+las especies de la pesqueriÌ?a respectiva.
+
+
+2) Los pescadores artesanales que se encuentren inscritos al 31 de julio de
+2000 en el Registro en lista de espera en una o maÌ?s especies de una
+pesqueriÌ?a, podraÌ?n solicitar inscripcioÌ?n de dichas especies y sus asociadas.
+En el evento de que no tengan inscrita ninguna especie afiÌ?n de la
+respectiva pesqueriÌ?a, podraÌ?n optar por inscribir una de ellas.
+
+
+3) Las personas naturales que no se encuentren inscritas en el Registro
+podraÌ?n solicitar inscripcioÌ?n soÌ?lo en una pesqueriÌ?a. Si la pesqueriÌ?a
+tuviere maÌ?s de una especie afiÌ?n, tendraÌ? que optar por una de ellas.
+
+
+Se entenderaÌ? por pesqueriÌ?a lo establecido en el reglamento contenido en el
+decreto supremo N° 635, de 1991, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y
+ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+Para ejercer el derecho que confiere este artiÌ?culo, los pescadores
+artesanales deberaÌ?n presentar una solicitud en la oficina del Servicio
+Nacional de Pesca que corresponda, acreditando el cumplimiento de los
+siguientes requisitos:
+
+
+a) Tener matriÌ?cula vigente en la categoriÌ?a por inscribir, al 31 de julio de
+2000, otorgada por una capitaniÌ?a de puerto dependiente de la DireccioÌ?n
+General del Territorio MariÌ?timo y Marina Mercante, acorde a las pesqueriÌ?as
+en que solicita su inscripcioÌ?n.
+
+
+b) Dar cumplimiento a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 51 de la Ley General de
+Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+c) Indicar el arte o aparejo de pesca con que realizaraÌ? la actividad
+extractiva, en el evento de que en la inscripcioÌ?n no lo haya consignado.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 14.- En el mismo plazo, forma y condiciones establecidas en el
+artiÌ?culo anterior, podraÌ?n inscribirse en el Registro Artesanal las naves
+artesanales matriculadas al 31 de julio de 2000 en los registros de naves
+menores que llevan las capitaniÌ?as de puerto dependientes de la DireccioÌ?n
+General del Territorio MariÌ?timo y Marina Mercante y que mantengan vigente
+su matriÌ?cula a la fecha de la solicitud.
+
+
+Para los efectos senÌ?alados anteriormente, los armadores artesanales
+deberaÌ?n, ademaÌ?s, acreditar el cumplimiento de los requisitos establecidos
+en el artiÌ?culo 52 de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura y en el
+reglamento contenido en el decreto supremo N° 635 de 1991, del Ministerio
+de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+Asimismo, el armador deberaÌ? indicar el arte o aparejo de pesca con que
+realizaraÌ? la actividad extractiva, en el evento de que en la inscripcioÌ?n no
+lo haya consignado.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 15.- Dentro del plazo establecido en el inciso primero del
+artiÌ?culo 13, los pescadores y armadores artesanales inscritos que no tengan
+actualizados o vigentes los requisitos establecidos en los artiÌ?culos 51 y
+52 de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, seguÌ?n corresponda, deberaÌ?n
+concurrir al Servicio Nacional de Pesca a objeto de actualizarlos.
+
+
+El no cumplimiento de esta obligacioÌ?n significaraÌ? la peÌ?rdida de la
+inscripcioÌ?n, la que seraÌ? dejada sin efecto por resolucioÌ?n del Servicio
+Nacional de Pesca, la cual seraÌ? notificada al afectado por carta
+certificada.
+
+
+Del mismo modo, para mantener vigente la inscripcioÌ?n en el Registro
+Artesanal, los pescadores y armadores artesanales deberaÌ?n renovar
+anualmente su inscripcioÌ?n en el Servicio Nacional de Pesca, acreditando la
+vigencia de todos los requisitos establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 51 oÌ? 52 de la
+Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, seguÌ?n corresponda. Dicha acreditacioÌ?n
+deberaÌ? efectuarse dentro del mes correspondiente al de su inscripcioÌ?n
+original en el Servicio Nacional de Pesca.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 16.- Durante el periÌ?odo de vigencia de esta ley, la SubsecretariÌ?a
+de Pesca no autorizaraÌ? la operacioÌ?n industrial dentro de la franja de
+reserva artesanal a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 47 de la Ley General de
+Pesca y Acuicultura, en aquellas regiones en que al 7 de noviembre de 2000
+no se encuentre autorizada la operacioÌ?n industrial en dichas aÌ?reas.
+
+4.1.1.1.2 TITULO III
+
+ DISPOSICIONES VARIAS
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 17.- Los armadores pesqueros industriales que realicen
+actividades pesqueras extractivas deberaÌ?n aceptar a bordo de sus naves los
+observadores cientiÌ?ficos que designe la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca para efectos
+de recopilar informacioÌ?n bioloÌ?gico-pesquera de la pesqueriÌ?a.
+
+
+Para los mismos efectos senÌ?alados precedentemente, el gerente o
+administrador de las plantas procesadoras deberaÌ? permitir el ingreso y dar
+las facilidades necesarias a los observadores cientiÌ?ficos que designe la
+SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca para tomar la informacioÌ?n bioloÌ?gica-pesquera.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 18.- ModifiÌ?case la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, contenida
+en el decreto supremo N° 430, de 1991, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento
+y ReconstruccioÌ?n, de la siguiente manera:
+
+1. En el inciso final del artiÌ?culo 50, agreÌ?gase a continuacioÌ?n del punto
+aparte (.), que pasa a ser un punto seguido (.), la siguiente oracioÌ?n: "La
+SubsecretariÌ?a determinaraÌ?, por resolucioÌ?n fundada, el nuÌ?mero de
+inscripciones vacantes que podraÌ?n ser reemplazadas, de modo que el esfuerzo
+de pesca ejercido en cada pesqueriÌ?a no afecte la sustentabilidad del
+recurso.".
+
+2. En la letra a) del artiÌ?culo 55, agreÌ?gase a continuacioÌ?n del punto aparte
+(.), que pasa a ser coma (,) la siguiente oracioÌ?n: "salvo caso fortuito o
+fuerza mayor debidamente acreditada, caso en el cual el Servicio autorizaraÌ?
+por una sola vez una ampliacioÌ?n de plazo, la que seraÌ? de hasta un anÌ?o,
+contado desde la fecha de teÌ?rmino del cumplimiento de un anÌ?o de la
+suspensioÌ?n de actividades.".
+
+
+ 3. En el artiÌ?culo 122:
+
+
+a) IntercaÌ?lase el siguiente inciso segundo, nuevo, pasado el actual a ser
+inciso tercero:
+
+
+"En el ejercicio de la funcioÌ?n fiscalizadora de la actividad pesquera, los
+funcionarios del Servicio y el personal de la Armada tendraÌ?n la calidad de
+Ministros de Fe.".
+
+
+b) AgreÌ?ganse, en el inciso segundo, que ha pasado a ser tercero, los
+siguientes literales, nuevos:
+
+
+"e) Registrar bodegas y centros de distribucioÌ?n y consumo, cuando se
+presuma fundadamente que en ellos se encuentran recursos o productos
+adquiridos con infraccioÌ?n a la normativa pesquera, o elementos que hayan
+servido para cometer dichas infracciones, tales como artes o aparejos de
+pesca.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+f) Requerir y examinar toda la documentacioÌ?n que se relacione con la
+actividad pesquera extractiva, de elaboracioÌ?n y de comercializacioÌ?n que se
+fiscaliza, tales como libros, cuentas, archivos, facturas, guiÌ?as de
+despacho y oÌ?rdenes de embarque.
+
+
+g) Requerir de los fiscalizados, a traveÌ?s de sus gerentes, representantes
+legales o administradores, los antecedentes y aclaraciones que sean
+necesarias para dar cumplimiento a su cometido.
+
+
+h) Requerir de los fiscalizados, bajo declaracioÌ?n jurada, informes
+extraordinarios de produccioÌ?n y declaraciones de stock de los recursos
+elaborados y de los productos derivados de ellos, respecto de las plantas
+de procesamiento y transformacioÌ?n de recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos, centros de
+consumo y comercializacioÌ?n de recursos pesqueros.
+
+i) Proceder a la colocacioÌ?n de sellos en containers, objetos, vehiÌ?culos o
+lugares sujetos a fiscalizacioÌ?n y que contengan o trasladen recursos o
+productos derivado de ellos.".
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 19.- La regulacioÌ?n establecida en esta ley no altera la
+aplicacioÌ?n de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, contenida en el
+decreto supremo N° 430, de 1991, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y
+ReconstruccioÌ?n y sus modificaciones, en todo aquello en que no la modifica
+expresamente.
+
+
+Para los efectos de lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 165 de la Ley General de
+Pesca y Acuicultura, se entenderaÌ? como norma de conservacioÌ?n y manejo el
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador a que se refiere esta ley.
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 20.- SustituÌ?yese, en el artiÌ?culo 28, letra a), del decreto con
+fuerza de ley N° 5, de 1983, y sus modificaciones, la palabra
+"instrucciones" por "resoluciones".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21.- Esta ley tendraÌ? vigencia hasta el 31 de diciembre de
+2002, con excepcioÌ?n de lo establecido en los artiÌ?culos 9° -inciso segundo-,
+17, 18 -nuÌ?meros 1, 2 y 3- y 20.".
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones de 13 y 20 de diciembre del anÌ?o 2000, y 3 de
+enero del anÌ?o 2001, con asistencia de los HH. Senadores senÌ?ores MartiÌ?nez
+(Presidente), Horvath, Ruiz De Giorgio, Stange y ZaldiÌ?var (don Adolfo).
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 5 de enero de 2001.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MARIO TAPIA GUERRERO
+
+ Secretario
+
+
+
+
+
+ SEGUNDO INFORME DE LA COMISIOÌ?N DE GOBIERNO,
+ DESCENTRALIZACIOÌ?N Y REGIONALIZACIOÌ?N recaiÌ?do en el
+ proyecto de ley, en primer traÌ?mite
+ constitucional, que fija las bases de los
+ procedimientos que rigen los actos de la
+ AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+
+ BoletiÌ?n Nº 2.594-06.
+
+ ____________________________________
+
+
+
+
+Honorable Senado:
+
+
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n de Gobierno, DescentralizacioÌ?n y RegionalizacioÌ?n tiene a
+honra emitir un segundo informe acerca del proyecto de ley senÌ?alado en el
+epiÌ?grafe, en primer traÌ?mite constitucional e iniciado en mensaje de S.E. el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ A las sesiones en que la ComisioÌ?n se ocupoÌ? de este asunto asistieron
+el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Silva Cimma y el abogado jefe de la DivisioÌ?n
+JuriÌ?dico Legislativa del Ministerio SecretariÌ?a General de la Presidencia,
+senÌ?or Carlos Carmona.
+
+
+
+CuestioÌ?n Previa
+
+
+ Hacemos presente que en sesioÌ?n de 11 de junio de 2002, la Sala acordoÌ?
+que la discusioÌ?n particular de esta iniciativa fuera hecha soÌ?lo por esta
+ComisioÌ?n y no conjuntamente con la ComisioÌ?n de ConstitucioÌ?n, LegislacioÌ?n,
+Justicia y Reglamento, como se dispuso con ocasioÌ?n del debate en general de
+la misma.
+
+
+
+Normas de quoÌ?rum
+
+
+ Prevenimos que los incisos finales de los artiÌ?culos 33 y 63 (34 y 64
+del proyecto del primer informe) del texto que se propondraÌ? al final, que
+alteran el artiÌ?culo 10 de la Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Bases Generales
+de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado, de aprobarse, deben serlo con rango de ley
+de esa jerarquiÌ?a, con arreglo al artiÌ?culo 63, inciso segundo, de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+- - -
+
+
+ Para los efectos de lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 124 del Reglamento de
+la CorporacioÌ?n, se deja constancia de lo siguiente:
+
+
+ 1. ArtiÌ?culos que no fueron objeto de indicaciones ni modificaciones:
+6, 8, 11, 23 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 22), 24 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 23), 27
+(pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 26), 28 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 27), 32 (pasa a ser
+artiÌ?culo 31), 36 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 35), 37 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 36), 38
+(pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 37), 39 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 38), 42 (pasa a ser
+artiÌ?culo 41), 46 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 45), 47 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 46), 48
+(pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 47), 50 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 49), 61 (pasa a ser
+artiÌ?culo 60) y 64 (pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 63).
+
+
+ 2. Indicaciones aprobadas sin modificaciones: 7, 27, 33, 61, 100,
+101, 105 y 106.
+
+
+ 3. Indicaciones aprobadas con modificaciones: 12, 13, 22, 30, 32, 63,
+73, 83, 84, 97 y 104.
+
+
+ 4. Indicaciones rechazadas: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15,
+16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
+40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
+59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,
+81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 102, 103,
+107 y 108.
+
+
+ 5. Indicaciones declaradas inadmisibles: No hay.
+
+
+ 6. Indicaciones retiradas: No hay.
+
+
+
+VotacioÌ?n de los Acuerdos
+
+
+ Hacemos constar en este acaÌ?pite que todos los acuerdos recaiÌ?dos en
+las indicaciones formuladas y en otras enmiendas introducidas al articulado
+de este proyecto fueron adoptados por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n o la unanimidad de sus integrantes, con excepcioÌ?n
+del que se refiere a la indicacioÌ?n Nº 99, que lo fue por mayoriÌ?a de votos y
+una abstencioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+Contenido y DiscusioÌ?n de las Indicaciones
+
+
+ El proyecto de ley aprobado en general estaÌ? estructurado en 67
+artiÌ?culos.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, consignamos una descripcioÌ?n de los preceptos que
+fueron objeto de indicaciones, el texto de las mismas y de los acuerdos
+adoptados.
+
+
+
+Indicaciones
+
+
+Nº 1
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n, cuyo autor es el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var,
+don AndreÌ?s, propone suprimir todos los subtiÌ?tulos con que se inicia cada
+artiÌ?culo del proyecto.
+
+
+ Fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la
+ComisioÌ?n, que estimoÌ? que la modalidad que emplea el proyecto de anteponer
+un epiÌ?grafe con la materia de que trata cada precepto contribuye a
+identificar su objeto; al tiempo que tuvo presente que en la legislacioÌ?n
+comparada, por ejemplo la Ley de ReÌ?gimen JuriÌ?dico de las Administraciones
+PuÌ?blicas y del Procedimiento Administrativo espanÌ?ol, se establece esta
+praÌ?ctica, lo que agiliza la consulta de las leyes (Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero y Silva Cimma).
+
+
+Nº 2
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 2, tambieÌ?n del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, intercala un paÌ?rrafo nuevo que denomina "Del procedimiento
+administrativo en general", a continuacioÌ?n del epiÌ?grafe "CapiÌ?tulo I,
+Disposiciones Generales" del texto del primer informe.
+
+
+ Con los votos en contra de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y
+senÌ?ores Cantero y Silva Cimma, la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues,
+como criterio general, optoÌ? por no innovar respecto de la estructura que se
+le dio a esta iniciativa en la etapa de aprobacioÌ?n de la idea de legislar.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 1º
+
+
+ Esta disposicioÌ?n del texto aprobado por la Sala senÌ?ala el objeto del
+proyecto; esto es, la regulacioÌ?n de las bases de los procedimientos que
+rigen los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado. Agrega que sus normas
+seraÌ?n supletorias de los procedimientos administrativos contenidos en
+disposiciones especiales.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo expresa que la toma de razoÌ?n de los actos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n se regiraÌ? por lo prescrito en la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica y en
+la Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Respecto de este artiÌ?culo se formuloÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 3 del BoletiÌ?n,
+de autoriÌ?a del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que sustituye
+la norma aprobada en general por otra que preceptuÌ?a que el objeto de esta
+ley es regular las bases esenciales de los procedimientos administrativos,
+que se conciben como cauces formales que ordenan el actuar de la
+AdministracioÌ?n y garantizan el ejercicio de los derechos e intereses
+legiÌ?timos de los particulares ante ella.
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Cantero y Silva Cimma, quienes consideraron que el precepto aprobado en
+general es maÌ?s amplio que el propuesto en la indicacioÌ?n, pues tambieÌ?n
+contiene una declaracioÌ?n acerca del tratamiento juriÌ?dico del traÌ?mite de
+toma de razoÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 2º
+
+
+ Fija el aÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n de esta ley. Al respecto, dispone que
+eÌ?sta tiene por propoÌ?sito regular la actuacioÌ?n de los ministerios; las
+intendencias; las gobernaciones; los servicios puÌ?blicos creados para el
+cumplimiento de la funcioÌ?n administrativa; la ContraloriÌ?a General de la
+RepuÌ?blica; las Fuerzas Armadas, los gobiernos regionales y, finalmente, las
+municipalidades.
+
+
+ En un inciso segundo expresa que las menciones que en esta ley se
+hacen a la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado se entienden referidas a las entidades
+senÌ?aladas en el inciso anterior.
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo fue objeto de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 4 del BoletiÌ?n, del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, que propone sustituirlo por otro que hace
+aplicable esta ley a los organismos indicados en el inciso segundo del
+artiÌ?culo 1º de la ley Nº 18.575 (Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional sobre Bases
+Generales de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado).
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tuvo presente que el texto del primer informe enuncia
+taxativamente cuaÌ?les son los oÌ?rganos de la AdministracioÌ?n a los que se
+aplicaraÌ?n las disposiciones de esta ley, entre los cuales no aparecen el
+Banco Central y las empresas puÌ?blicas creadas por ley, entidades que estaÌ?n
+consideradas en el mencionado precepto de la ley Nº 18.575.
+
+
+ Como quiera que se estimoÌ? conveniente excluir al Banco Central y a
+las empresas del Estado de las normas de esta ley, la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y
+senÌ?ores Cantero y Silva, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+- - -
+
+
+ Enseguida, la ComisioÌ?n se ocupoÌ? de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 5, del Honorable
+Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que agrega, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo
+2º, un artiÌ?culo 3º, nuevo, que corresponde al artiÌ?culo 18 aprobado en
+general y que regula los derechos de las personas en su relacioÌ?n con la
+AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero y Silva Cimma, rechazoÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n al optar por mantener la estructura del proyecto aprobado en
+general, seguÌ?n ha quedado dicho en un acaÌ?pite precedente.
+
+
+- - -
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n analizoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 6, cuyo autor es
+tambieÌ?n el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, mediante la cual
+intercala un paÌ?rrafo segundo, nuevo, que trata "De las bases esenciales del
+procedimiento administrativo".
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n fue rechazada por la misma razoÌ?n que la que la
+precede, con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+- - -
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ El texto aprobado en general senÌ?ala que las decisiones que adopta la
+AdministracioÌ?n se expresan mediante actos administrativos. Define al acto
+administrativo como la declaracioÌ?n de voluntad que emite la AdministracioÌ?n
+en el ejercicio de una potestad puÌ?blica, que puede tomar la forma de
+decretos supremos y resoluciones (incisos primero a tercero).
+
+
+ Explica que el decreto supremo es la orden escrita que dicta el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica o de un Ministro por "orden del Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica", sobre asuntos propios de su competencia; y reserva el teÌ?rmino
+de "resolucioÌ?n" para las oÌ?rdenes escritas que dictan autoridades
+administrativas dotadas de poder de decisioÌ?n (incisos cuarto y quinto).
+
+
+ Agrega en el inciso sexto que tambieÌ?n son actos administrativos los
+dictaÌ?menes o declaraciones de juicio, constancia o conocimiento que
+efectuÌ?an los oÌ?rganos de la AdministracioÌ?n; y denomina acuerdo a las
+decisiones de los oÌ?rganos puÌ?blicos pluripersonales, que se materializan en
+resoluciones de la autoridad ejecutiva de eÌ?stos (inciso final).
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 7 a 10 del BoletiÌ?n
+de Indicaciones.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 7, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola precisa, en
+el inciso primero, que las decisiones que adopta la AdministracioÌ?n deben
+constar por escrito. La ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? esta proposicioÌ?n por la unanimidad
+de sus miembros, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero,
+Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, pues anticipa y reafirma el principio de
+escrituracioÌ?n contenido en el artiÌ?culo 5º, que se aproboÌ?.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tratoÌ?, despueÌ?s, la indicacioÌ?n Nº 8, de autoriÌ?a del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que sustituye este artiÌ?culo
+por otro que, en siÌ?ntesis, define al acto administrativo como toda decisioÌ?n
+formal de un oÌ?rgano de la AdministracioÌ?n, adoptada en el ejercicio de una
+potestad administrativa, orientada a producir efecto juriÌ?dicos subjetivos u
+objetivos.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros, Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, rechazoÌ? esta
+enmienda pues el contenido del texto aprobado en general es maÌ?s preciso al
+distinguir las diversas formas de expresioÌ?n del acto administrativo.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 9, tambieÌ?n del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var,
+don AndreÌ?s, se reemplaza en la definicioÌ?n de decreto supremo la frase
+"orden escrita que dicta" por "declaracioÌ?n escrita de voluntad del", con el
+objeto de determinar que los decretos son declaraciones escritas de
+voluntad. La ComisioÌ?n fue de parecer que los teÌ?rminos que emplea el
+precepto aprobado en general -define el decreto supremo como una orden- son
+maÌ?s imperativos que los propuestos en la indicacioÌ?n, razoÌ?n por la cual la
+dio por rechazada con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y
+senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ Finalmente, la ComisioÌ?n se abocoÌ? a la indicacioÌ?n Nº 10, del Honorable
+Senador senÌ?or Cariola, que propone intercalar en este artiÌ?culo 3º un inciso
+quinto, nuevo, que senÌ?ala que el simple decreto es la orden escrita que
+dicta un Ministro de Estado en el ejercicio de sus atribuciones.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n se pronuncioÌ? en contra de esta proposicioÌ?n, pues la
+expresioÌ?n decreto debe reservarse para las oÌ?rdenes escritas dictadas por el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica o por orden de eÌ?ste, de manera que toda otra
+orden se denomina resolucioÌ?n (Unanimidad de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora
+Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma).
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, y seguÌ?n se diraÌ? con ocasioÌ?n del estudio
+de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 97, se acordoÌ? incorporar como nuevo inciso final de
+este artiÌ?culo 3º, el texto propuesto en esta uÌ?ltima, la que, en siÌ?ntesis,
+dispone que los actos administrativos gozan de la presuncioÌ?n de legalidad,
+imperio y exigibilidad frente a sus destinatarios.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+
+ Este precepto del texto aprobado en general enumera los principios
+del procedimiento administrativo: de escrituracioÌ?n; de gratuidad; de
+celeridad; el conclusivo; de economiÌ?a procedimental; de contradictoriedad;
+de imparcialidad; de abstencioÌ?n; de no formalizacioÌ?n; de inexcusabilidad;
+de impugnabilidad, y de publicidad.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta norma se formularon las indicaciones Nºs. 11 y 12
+del BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 11, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, sustituye este artiÌ?culo por otro que preceptuÌ?a que el procedimiento
+administrativo estaÌ? sometido a los principios generales que rigen a la
+AdministracioÌ?n y en particular a los de actuacioÌ?n de oficio, de gratuidad,
+de imparcialidad, de participacioÌ?n y de igualdad de los ocurrentes ante la
+autoridad administrativa.
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n fue rechazada con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma,
+quienes consideraron omnicomprensiva de las garantiÌ?as que deben informar el
+procedimiento la enumeracioÌ?n de principios que consigna la norma aprobada
+en general.
+
+
+ A su turno, la indicacioÌ?n Nº 12, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola,
+reemplaza en el texto aprobado en general el principio de la publicidad por
+el de la "transparencia".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, con la misma unanimidad que la precedente, acogioÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n con la enmienda de consignar el principio de la transparencia
+conjuntamente con el de publicidad, porque ambos son complementarios y
+apuntan al mismo objetivo, cual es el de facilitar cabalmente el
+conocimiento de los fundamentos de las decisiones que adopta la
+AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+
+ Este precepto trata del principio de escrituracioÌ?n, disponiendo que
+los actos administrativos se produciraÌ?n por escrito o por medios
+electroÌ?nicos, a menos que su naturaleza requiera de otra forma de expresioÌ?n
+y constancia.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta norma, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, formuloÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 13, que sustituye este artiÌ?culo por otro
+que establece que tanto la AdministracioÌ?n como los funcionarios puÌ?blicos
+actuaraÌ?n por propia iniciativa en la iniciacioÌ?n del procedimiento,
+removiendo los obstaÌ?culos que afectaren la decisioÌ?n que deba recaer en eÌ?l.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros, Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, rechazoÌ?
+sustituir el texto del artiÌ?culo 5º aprobado en general, toda vez que ha
+acordado mantener en el texto de esta ley el principio de escrituracioÌ?n. No
+obstante lo anterior, y con el mismo quoÌ?rum, aproboÌ? el texto de esta
+indicacioÌ?n Nº 13, incorporaÌ?ndolo como nuevo inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 7º,
+norma que, por establecer el principio de la celeridad, se adecua mejor a
+la idea contenida en la referida indicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Finalmente, por lo que hace a este acaÌ?pite, conforme lo autoriza el
+artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, se reemplazoÌ? en el texto
+aprobado en general la forma verbal "produciraÌ?n" por "expresaraÌ?n".
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culos 7º y 8º
+
+
+ El primer precepto establece el principio de celeridad, seguÌ?n el cual
+la AdministracioÌ?n debe impulsar de oficio el procedimiento. Agrega que en
+el despacho de los expedientes se observaraÌ? un orden riguroso de ingreso de
+asuntos de similar naturaleza, salvo que se deÌ? instruccioÌ?n motivada en
+contrario.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 8º, a su turno, consigna el principio conclusivo, que
+expresa el criterio que obliga a la AdministracioÌ?n a dictar un acto
+decisorio en que manifieste su voluntad sobre la cuestioÌ?n de fondo del
+asunto sometido a ella.
+
+
+ Ambos preceptos fueron objeto de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 14, del Honorable
+Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, por la que propone su supresioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus integrantes, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma,
+rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n toda vez que, seguÌ?n se ha dicho, ha acordado
+mantener en el texto del proyecto los principios enunciados en el artiÌ?culo
+4º, desarrollados en las disposiciones en examen.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 9º
+
+
+ Esta norma del texto aprobado en general regula el principio de
+economiÌ?a procedimental, que obliga a la AdministracioÌ?n a evitar traÌ?mites
+dilatorios en su actuar. En virtud de este principio se deben decidir en un
+solo acto todos los traÌ?mites de similar naturaleza; y cuando se soliciten
+traÌ?mites a otros oÌ?rganos, se indicaraÌ? a eÌ?stos el plazo para cumplirlos.
+
+
+ Concluye esta norma disponiendo que las cuestiones accesorias de un
+procedimiento no suspenden la tramitacioÌ?n de eÌ?ste, salvo que por resolucioÌ?n
+fundada se determine lo contrario.
+
+
+ Respecto de este artiÌ?culo se formularon las indicaciones Nºs. 15 y 16
+del BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ La primera -indicacioÌ?n Nº 15- de autoriÌ?a del Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, suprime este artiÌ?culo, en tanto que la indicacioÌ?n Nº
+16, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, elimina su inciso final.
+
+
+ Ambas indicaciones fueron rechazadas con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, en
+concordancia, la primera, con el criterio de darle reconocimiento legal a
+los principios a que deben estar sometidas las actuaciones de la
+AdministracioÌ?n y, la segunda, en razoÌ?n de que la norma del inciso final del
+artiÌ?culo en debate es necesaria para evitar dilaciones que impidan la
+aplicacioÌ?n de este principio.
+
+
+
+1 ArtiÌ?culo 10
+
+
+ Consigna el principio de contradictoriedad de los actos
+administrativos, esto es, la facultad que tienen los interesados de
+formular alegaciones o aportar documentos u otros elementos de juicio
+durante el procedimiento administrativo (inciso primero).
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo preceptuÌ?a que en todo momento podraÌ?n denunciarse
+defectos en la tramitacioÌ?n (negacioÌ?n o desconocimiento de plazos u omisioÌ?n
+de traÌ?mites). Dichas alegaciones podraÌ?n generar responsabilidad
+disciplinaria.
+
+
+ El siguiente inciso faculta a los administrados para actuar asistidos
+de asesor y, por uÌ?ltimo, el inciso cuarto dispone que el oÌ?rgano instructor
+adoptaraÌ? las medidas para respetar los principios de contradiccioÌ?n y de
+igualdad de los interesados en el procedimiento.
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo fue objeto de la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 17 del
+BoletiÌ?n, por la que el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, lo
+suprime.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma,
+rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n por la misma razoÌ?n anotada respecto de otras
+precedentes que eliminaban en el articulado de esta ley algunos de los
+principios a que deben ajustarse los procedimientos administrativos.
+
+
+
+2 ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+
+ Este precepto establece el principio de la abstencioÌ?n, es decir, la
+obligacioÌ?n que tienen las autoridades y funcionarios de sustraerse de
+intervenir en un procedimiento cuando adviertan que concurren a su respecto
+alguna de las siguientes circunstancias: intereÌ?s personal en el asunto de
+que se trate o en otro que pueda influir en aqueÌ?l; ser administrador de la
+entidad interesada o tener cuestioÌ?n litigiosa pendiente con el interesado;
+parentesco hasta determinado grado con el peticionario; compartir despacho
+profesional o estar asociados con eÌ?stos, o tener amistad iÌ?ntima o enemistad
+manifiesta con ellos.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se consideran como causales para invocar la abstencioÌ?n el
+hecho de haber intervenido el funcionario como perito o testigo en el
+procedimiento; tener relacioÌ?n de servicio con el interesado o haber
+prestado servicios profesionales a eÌ?ste en los dos anÌ?os anteriores a la
+iniciacioÌ?n del procedimiento.
+
+
+ Agrega este precepto que la actuacioÌ?n de un funcionario implicado no
+invalida el acto y, finalmente, que la no abstencioÌ?n genera responsabilidad
+para el funcionario incurso en ella.
+
+
+ Este precepto fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 18 y 19 del
+boletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n 18, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, suprime esta
+norma, en tanto que mediante la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 19, del Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, se sustituye el inciso primero por otro que con
+diferente redaccioÌ?n contiene las mismas ideas que el texto cuya sustitucioÌ?n
+propone.
+
+
+ La unanimidad de los miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Carmen Frei, Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, acordoÌ? rechazar
+ambas indicaciones:
+
+
+ Por lo que hace a la indicacioÌ?n Nº 18, su rechazo obedece al
+predicamento adoptado de no innovar respecto de los principios orientadores
+de las actuaciones administrativas; en tanto que con relacioÌ?n a la
+indicacioÌ?n Nº 19, las razones del rechazo se consignaraÌ?n en el siguiente
+acaÌ?pite, al comentar los acuerdos recaiÌ?dos en el artiÌ?culo 13 del texto
+aprobado en general.
+
+
+
+3 ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo reconoce la figura juriÌ?dica de la inhabilitacioÌ?n
+del oÌ?rgano administrativo que se encuentre en alguno de los casos del
+artiÌ?culo precedente. Al respecto se establece que se podraÌ? promover la
+inhabilidad en cualquier etapa del procedimiento, por escrito y con
+expresioÌ?n de la causa en que se funda.
+
+
+ Esta norma fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 20, 21 y 22 del
+BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 20, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola,
+suprime este precepto.
+
+
+
+ A su turno, la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 21, del Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, sugiere sustituir este artiÌ?culo por otro que
+dispone que en los casos en que se den circunstancias que ameriten la
+abstencioÌ?n de una autoridad, los afectados podraÌ?n promover su recusacioÌ?n
+por las causales previstas en el artiÌ?culo anterior. El escrito de
+recusacioÌ?n se presenta ante el jefe superior del servicio o quien haga sus
+veces, quien lo resuelve sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite, con los antecedentes que se le
+hayan hecho valer.
+
+
+ Ambas indicaciones fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Coloma,
+Cantero, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+ La primera, porque la inhabilitacioÌ?n guarda estrecha vinculacioÌ?n con
+el principio de abstencioÌ?n, con el que comparte las mismas causales para su
+aplicacioÌ?n. Como quiera que se rechazoÌ? la supresioÌ?n del principio de
+abstencioÌ?n sugerida por la indicacioÌ?n Nº 18, se estimoÌ? de consecuencia
+desechar tambieÌ?n la de este Nº 20.
+
+
+ En lo tocante a la segunda -indicacioÌ?n Nº 21- como se anuncioÌ? con
+ocasioÌ?n del debate de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 19, porque se optoÌ? por emplear el
+teÌ?rmino "inhabilitacioÌ?n" para designar geneÌ?ricamente la accioÌ?n de los
+particulares que promueven la abstencioÌ?n de una autoridad o funcionario que
+ha incurrido en alguna de las causales enunciadas en el artiÌ?culo 12. En
+consecuencia, el rechazo de las indicaciones Nºs. 19 y 21, obedece a que
+ambas emplean las expresiones "implicancia" y "recusacioÌ?n" para la
+inhabilitacioÌ?n de alguna autoridad o funcionario, sin distinguir como lo
+hace el CoÌ?digo OrgaÌ?nico de Tribunales, cuaÌ?les son causales de recusacioÌ?n y
+cuaÌ?les de implicancia.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en relacioÌ?n con este artiÌ?culo, la ComisioÌ?n
+consideroÌ? la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 22, de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica,
+por la que propone que la inhabilitacioÌ?n se plantee ante la misma autoridad
+o funcionario afectado por ella.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta indicacioÌ?n la ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de
+sus miembros, adoptoÌ? las siguientes acuerdos:
+
+
+ Uno) Acoger dicha indicacioÌ?n, pues en ella se precisa el oÌ?rgano
+ante el cual se hace valer la inhabilidad.
+
+
+ Dos) Conforme lo autoriza el artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la
+CorporacioÌ?n, consignar el artiÌ?culo 13 aprobado en general, con sus dos
+incisos, incluida la proposicioÌ?n anterior, como incisos finales del
+artiÌ?culo 12, atendida la identificacioÌ?n de contenido de ambas normas.
+
+
+ Concurrieron a estos acuerdos la unanimidad de los miembros de
+la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y SenÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+
+ 3.1.1 ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 13.
+
+
+ Conformado por tres incisos, consagra el principio de la no
+formalizacioÌ?n en el procedimiento administrativo, es decir, que eÌ?ste se
+desarrolle con sencillez y soÌ?lo con las exigencias indispensables para
+hacer constar indubitadamente lo actuado y evitar perjuicios a las personas
+(inciso primero).
+
+
+ En su inciso segundo declara que los vicios de procedimiento soÌ?lo
+restan validez al acto administrativo cuando recaen en alguÌ?n requisito
+esencial del mismo y generan perjuicio al interesado.
+
+
+ El inciso final faculta a la AdministracioÌ?n para subsanar los vicios
+de los actos administrativos siempre que no se afecte el intereÌ?s de
+terceros.
+
+
+ Esta norma fue objeto de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 23 del BoletiÌ?n, cuyo
+autor es el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que propone su
+supresioÌ?n, y fue rechazada por la unanimidad de los miembros de la
+ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez
+y Silva Cimma, por las razones ya expresadas con ocasioÌ?n del debate de
+indicaciones precedentes, en el sentido de no innovar respecto de los
+principios que orientan las actuaciones de la AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 15
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 14.
+
+
+ Este precepto del texto aprobado en general reconoce el principio de
+la inexcusabilidad, que obliga a la AdministracioÌ?n a dictar resolucioÌ?n
+expresa en todos los procedimientos y a notificarla, cualquiera sea su
+forma de iniciacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Agrega que la aplicacioÌ?n de este principio impone a la autoridad o
+funcionario incompetente el deber de enviar de inmediato los antecedentes
+al oÌ?rgano administrativo idoÌ?neo, informando al interesado.
+
+
+ Concluye que en el evento de que se produzca alguna de las
+situaciones que senÌ?ala (prescripcioÌ?n, renuncia del derecho, abandono del
+procedimiento o desistimiento de la solicitud, asiÌ? como la desaparicioÌ?n
+sobreviniente del objeto del procedimiento), la resolucioÌ?n que al efecto se
+dicte deberaÌ? consignar la circunstancia que concurra en cada caso, con
+indicacioÌ?n de los hechos producidos y las normas aplicables.
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 24 y 25 del
+BoletiÌ?n, de que son autores, respectivamente, los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, y Cariola.
+
+
+ La primera propone la supresioÌ?n de esta norma, en tanto que la
+segunda elimina la expresioÌ?n "abandono del procedimiento" que aparece en el
+inciso final.
+
+
+ La primera indicacioÌ?n, en correspondencia con los acuerdos adoptados
+respecto de otros que tambieÌ?n proponen suprimir los enunciados de los
+principios de procedimiento consignados en el proyecto, fue rechazada con
+los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero,
+Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma; en tanto que la segunda tambieÌ?n fue rechazada,
+con la misma votacioÌ?n, por razones de certeza juriÌ?dica, esto es, que la
+inactividad del interesado en un procedimiento tenga un efecto que se
+exprese materialmente, como es la resolucioÌ?n que declara su abandono.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 15.
+
+
+ Esta norma del texto aprobado en el primer informe establece el
+principio de impugnabilidad, que consiste en que todo acto administrativo
+que ponga teÌ?rmino a un procedimiento es impugnable, mediante los recursos
+administrativos de reposicioÌ?n y jeraÌ?rquico, sin perjuicio del de revisioÌ?n y
+de los demaÌ?s recursos especiales que dispongan las leyes.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo agrega que los actos de mero traÌ?mite son
+impugnables soÌ?lo cuando impiden continuar un procedimiento o produzcan
+indefensioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En el inciso tercero, preceptuÌ?a que en el caso de que se acoja un
+recurso en contra de un acto administrativo, la autoridad que conozca de eÌ?l
+podraÌ?, por siÌ? misma, dictar el acto de reemplazo.
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 26, 27 y 28 del
+BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 26, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, sugiere la supresioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo. La ComisioÌ?n, por la
+unanimidad de sus miembros, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n siguiendo el
+criterio adoptado respecto de otras que suprimiÌ?an determinados principios
+que informan las actuaciones administrativas.
+
+
+ En seguida, la ComisioÌ?n se ocupoÌ? de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 27, del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, por la que suprime en el inciso primero de
+este artiÌ?culo la frase "que ponga teÌ?rmino a un procedimiento". La ComisioÌ?n
+aproboÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues consideroÌ? atendible el criterio de que todo
+acto administrativo sea impugnable, y no soÌ?lo los que pongan teÌ?rmino a un
+procedimiento. Votaron por su aprobacioÌ?n los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora
+Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma. (En concordancia con
+este acuerdo, la ComisioÌ?n, de conformidad con el artiÌ?culo 121 del
+Reglamento, introdujo una enmienda en el inciso segundo de este artiÌ?culo
+consistente en encabezarlo con la expresioÌ?n "Sin embargo" para denotar,
+como excepcioÌ?n a la regla general, que la impugnabilidad de los actos de
+mero traÌ?mite soÌ?lo procede a los casos que dicha norma senÌ?ala).
+
+
+ Finalmente, la ComisioÌ?n conocioÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 28, de autoriÌ?a del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, que elimina el inciso segundo de este
+artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus integrantes, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma,
+rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues estimoÌ? conveniente mantener la idea contenida
+en este texto, que se desarrolla maÌ?s adelante en los preceptos que regulan
+el recurso de reposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 17
+
+
+ Esta norma que pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 16, consagra el principio de
+publicidad, esto es, que el procedimiento administrativo debe rodearse de
+transparencia, de modo que permita el conocimiento, contenidos y
+fundamentos de las decisiones que se adopten a su respecto.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo senÌ?ala que salvo las excepciones establecidas por
+la ley o el reglamento, son puÌ?blicos los actos administrativos y los
+documentos que les sirvan de sustento o complemento esencial.
+
+
+ Este precepto fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 29 y 30 del
+BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 29, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, sugiere su supresioÌ?n, proposicioÌ?n que fue rechazada por la
+unanimidad de los integrantes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora
+Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma, quienes, como se ha
+dicho en acaÌ?pites precedentes, estuvieron por mantener el principio
+consignado en esta disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n analizoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 30, del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, que reemplaza la denominacioÌ?n del
+principio de "publicidad" por "transparencia".
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n es concordante con la Nº 12, del mismo autor, que se
+aproboÌ? enmendada incorporando a la enunciacioÌ?n del principio de publicidad
+consignado en el artiÌ?culo 4º la expresioÌ?n "transparencia". Las mismas
+razones consideradas para aprobar la referida indicacioÌ?n Nº 12, sirvieron
+de fundamento a la ComisioÌ?n parar acoger esta indicacioÌ?n Nº 30, acuerdo que
+se adoptoÌ? con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Cantero, Coloma, NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma.
+
+
+
+4 ArtiÌ?culo 18
+
+
+ En esta norma, que pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 17, el proyecto enumera los
+derechos de las personas en sus relaciones con la AdministracioÌ?n. En las
+diversas letras que lo componen, consigna la facultad de los interesados de
+conocer el estado de tramitacioÌ?n de los procedimientos en que tengan
+intereÌ?s (letra a); identificar a las autoridades y al personal responsable
+de la AdministracioÌ?n que tramitan los procedimientos de su intereÌ?s (letra
+b); el derecho a obtener copia autorizada de sus actuaciones (letra c); el
+derecho a eximirse de presentar documentos que no correspondan al
+procedimiento o que ya esteÌ?n incorporados a eÌ?l (letra d); el derecho a
+acceder a los actos administrativos y a los documentos que sirven de
+sustento a un procedimiento (letra e); a ser tratados con dignidad por las
+autoridades y funcionarios y a que los actos de instruccioÌ?n que requieran
+de su intervencioÌ?n se realicen de la forma que les resulte maÌ?s coÌ?moda
+(letra f); la facultad de formular alegaciones y aportar documentos, los
+que deberaÌ?n ser considerados por el oÌ?rgano administrativo (letra g); el
+derecho de requerir responsabilidades a la AdministracioÌ?n y obtener
+orientacioÌ?n sobre los requisitos que se exijan a las actuaciones o
+solicitudes que deban efectuar ante ella (letras h) e i); el derecho a
+participar en la elaboracioÌ?n de las disposiciones administrativas (letra
+j), y finalmente, a que se respeten los derechos que les reconozcan la
+ConstitucioÌ?n y las leyes (letra k).
+
+
+ Este precepto fue objeto de las indicaciones nuÌ?meros 31, 32 y 33 del
+BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ Mediante la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 31, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola
+propone la supresioÌ?n de este precepto; indicacioÌ?n que fue rechazada con los
+votos en contra de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero,
+Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, quienes consideraron conveniente que en la ley sobre los
+procedimientos que rigen la actuacioÌ?n de la AdministracioÌ?n esteÌ?n
+reconocidos los derechos que las personas tienen frente a eÌ?sta.
+
+
+
+ Enseguida, la ComisioÌ?n consideroÌ? la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 32,
+del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, por la que junto con
+proponer que este precepto pase a ser artiÌ?culo 3º del proyecto, introduce
+las siguientes cuatro enmiendas a su texto:
+
+
+
+ La primera sustituye la letra c) aprobada en general, por otra
+que reconoce a toda persona el derecho de obtener copia autorizada de los
+documentos que rolan en el expediente y la devolucioÌ?n de los originales,
+salvo que por mandato legal o reglamentario eÌ?stos deban ser acompanÌ?ados a
+los autos.
+
+
+ Esta proposicioÌ?n fue acogida por la ComisioÌ?n, con la enmienda
+de incorporarla como segunda parte de la letra a) aprobada en general.
+Asimismo, y como consecuencia de lo anterior se suprimioÌ? la letra c)
+aprobada en general y se alteroÌ? el orden correlativo de los restantes
+literales. ConcurrioÌ? a este acuerdo la unanimidad de los miembros presentes
+de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma
+y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+ La segunda reemplaza la letra g) por otra que establece que las
+personas tendraÌ?n derecho a formular observaciones o proposiciones, y
+acompanÌ?ar documentos al traÌ?mite de audiencia previa que autoriza el
+artiÌ?culo 25. Fue rechazada con la misma unanimidad con que se aproboÌ? la
+precedente, optando la ComisioÌ?n por la redaccioÌ?n de la letra g) del texto
+del primer informe que contiene similares ideas.
+
+
+
+ La tercera enmienda consiste en sustituir el punto y coma (;) de
+la letra i) por la conjuncioÌ?n "y", proposicioÌ?n que fue rechazada pues esta
+letra no pasa a ser la penuÌ?ltima del texto aprobado en definitiva
+(Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez).
+
+
+
+ La cuarta enmienda de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 32 suprime la letra j)
+aprobada en general. (Reconoce el derecho de las personas a participar en
+la elaboracioÌ?n de las disposiciones administrativas que las afecten y
+presentar proposiciones para mejorar los servicios puÌ?blicos).
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? esta modificacioÌ?n en el entendido de que las
+personas, por imperativo constitucional, tienen derecho a manifestar su
+opinioÌ?n y a participar con igualdad de oportunidades en la vida nacional.
+Votaron por la aprobacioÌ?n de esta enmienda los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora
+Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, la ComisioÌ?n, con la misma votacioÌ?n y razones
+que tuvo en vista para aprobar la precedente, acogioÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 33,
+de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, que tambieÌ?n suprime la letra j) del
+artiÌ?culo 18 del texto del primer informe.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n tratoÌ?, a continuacioÌ?n, las indicaciones Nºs. 34, 35 y 36
+del BoletiÌ?n, todas de autoriÌ?a del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+Andres, que sugieren la agregacioÌ?n de tres artiÌ?culos nuevos a este proyecto
+de ley.
+
+
+ El primero (indicacioÌ?n Nº 34) establece que las autoridades con
+facultades normativas podraÌ?n oiÌ?r, por el plazo que senÌ?alen, a las personas
+interesadas afectadas por el acto, salvo que se trate de asuntos reservados
+o que requieran de ejecucioÌ?n inmediata.
+
+
+ Agrega que los llamados al traÌ?mite de audiencia o que hubieren
+adherido a eÌ?l, podraÌ?n formular las proposiciones que estimen convenientes,
+las que seraÌ?n consideradas en la decisioÌ?n que se adopte.
+
+
+ Finalmente, prescribe que el hecho de no haber sido considerado en
+las audiencias no produce la nulidad del procedimiento.
+
+
+ El segundo nuevo artiÌ?culo (indicacioÌ?n Nº 35) prohibe a los organismos
+regidos por esta ley exigir traÌ?mites distintos de los establecidos por la
+ConstitucioÌ?n, la ley o el reglamento.
+
+
+ En el inciso segundo prescribe que los vicios de forma afectan la
+validez del acto soÌ?lo cuando recaen en un traÌ?mite o requisito esencial y
+perjudiquen a las partes.
+
+
+ El uÌ?ltimo inciso faculta al oÌ?rgano administrativo para subsanar
+los vicios de que adolezca el expediente, en tanto no afecten los derechos
+de terceros.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 36 intercala un artiÌ?culo que reconoce a toda persona
+que ocurra a la AdministracioÌ?n el derecho a ser tratada en igualdad de
+condiciones y obtener la misma informacioÌ?n que otros peticionarios,
+respecto de los traÌ?mites y documentos que concurran en el procedimiento.
+
+
+ Concluye senÌ?alando que es deber de las autoridades velar por la
+efectividad de este derecho, sancionando su contravencioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Las tres indicaciones descritas precedentemente fueron
+rechazadas por la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n,
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero, en razoÌ?n de
+que las materias contenidas en los preceptos que sugieren agregar estaÌ?n
+reconocidas en los principios generales de legalidad de los actos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n, y en la garantiÌ?a constitucional de la igualdad ante la ley.
+TambieÌ?n la normas propuestas, de alguna manera, estaÌ?n reflejadas en el
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 13, ya comentado, y en el nuevo artiÌ?culo 39, que se analiza
+maÌ?s adelante.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n la ComisioÌ?n tratoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 37, del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, por la que propone, en el
+CapiÌ?tulo II de este proyecto, sustituir el epiÌ?grafe "PaÌ?rrafo 1º Normas
+baÌ?sicas" por "PaÌ?rrafo Tercero. Normas baÌ?sicas de procedimientos
+administrativos".
+
+
+ Al igual que otras indicaciones que alteraban la estructura del
+proyecto acordada en el primer informe, esta indicacioÌ?n fue rechazada por
+la unanimidad de los miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+5 ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 18.
+
+
+ Esta norma aprobada en general, en su inciso primero, define el
+procedimiento administrativo como una sucesioÌ?n de actos-traÌ?mite vinculados
+entre siÌ?, emanados de la AdministracioÌ?n y, en su caso, de uno o varios
+particulares que intervienen como interesados, que tiene por objeto
+producir un acto administrativo terminal.
+
+
+ El inciso segundo senÌ?ala que el procedimiento administrativo se
+divide en tres partes: iniciacioÌ?n, instruccioÌ?n y finalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Establece, ademaÌ?s, que todo el procedimiento administrativo constaraÌ?
+en un expediente escrito o electroÌ?nico, y que la AdministracioÌ?n llevaraÌ? un
+registro en el que se asentaraÌ?n copias de los documentos y comunicaciones
+que el respectivo oÌ?rgano reciba o emita, con expresioÌ?n de su fecha y hora
+de recepcioÌ?n o expedicioÌ?n, respaldado con soportes informaÌ?ticos (incisos
+segundo al quinto).
+
+
+
+ Respecto de esta norma el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, formuloÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 38, que reemplaza este
+artiÌ?culo por otro que dispone que los procedimientos administrativos
+constituyen una sucesioÌ?n de actos traÌ?mite ordenada a producir determinados
+efectos juriÌ?dicos. Agrega que dichos actos pueden ser formativos de un acto
+terminal, impugnatorios de un acto eficaz y ejecutivos de un acto firme, y
+que tendraÌ?n valor las peticiones verbales sobre asuntos de atencioÌ?n
+inmediata, como solicitar un certificado, copias de documentos, memorias
+anuales o cualquier otro impreso o publicacioÌ?n que la AdministracioÌ?n esteÌ?
+habilitada para entregar al puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por el precepto aprobado en general, que
+desarrolla en un solo texto el concepto de procedimiento administrativo y
+los elementos que lo complementan, tales como su constancia en un
+expediente escrito o electroÌ?nico, los registros de documentos y el soporte
+informaÌ?tico, razoÌ?n por la cual rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n con los votos de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero. No obstante
+lo anterior, y por lo que se explicaraÌ? a propoÌ?sito de los acuerdos
+adoptados en relacioÌ?n con el nuevo artiÌ?culo 19, con la misma votacioÌ?n seguÌ?n
+la faculta el artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, eliminoÌ? el
+inciso final de este artiÌ?culo del primer informe que regula la instalacioÌ?n
+de soportes informaÌ?ticos.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n analizoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 39,
+del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, por la que intercala, a
+continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 19 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 18) un precepto que dispone
+que los procedimientos constaraÌ?n en un expediente escrito o electroÌ?nico con
+registros que acrediten el curso de su desarrollo, los que se mantendraÌ?n
+actualizados y a disposicioÌ?n de las partes.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, con la misma unanimidad con que se pronuncioÌ?
+respecto de la indicacioÌ?n anterior, rechazoÌ? esta proposicioÌ?n pues optoÌ?,
+como se ha dicho, porque la materia de que trata el precepto sugerido quede
+contenida en un solo texto en el nuevo artiÌ?culo 18.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+6 ArtiÌ?culo 20
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 19.
+
+
+ Esta disposicioÌ?n trata del empleo de teÌ?cnicas y medios electroÌ?nicos
+para sustanciar el procedimiento administrativo, siempre que existan
+instrumentos compatibles con esos medios.
+
+
+ Agrega en su inciso segundo que cuando la AdministracioÌ?n emplee la
+firma electroÌ?nica, deberaÌ? velar por el respeto a los derechos reconocidos
+por la ConstitucioÌ?n y las leyes, evitando discriminaciones o restricciones
+en el acceso a los servicios puÌ?blicos. En el inciso siguiente preceptuÌ?a que
+la certificacioÌ?n de las firmas electroÌ?nicas de las autoridades o
+funcionarios deberaÌ? contener, tambieÌ?n, la fecha y hora de la emisioÌ?n del
+documento.
+
+
+ En el inciso cuarto dispone que la certificacioÌ?n se haraÌ? por los
+funcionarios que ejerzan como ministros de fe en el servicio y, en su
+defecto, por el funcionario que designe el jefe del oÌ?rgano respectivo.
+
+
+ Finalmente, prescribe que esa certificacioÌ?n (la que practica el
+oÌ?rgano administrativo) seraÌ? equivalente a la realizada por un prestador
+acreditado, y concluye que en un reglamento se estableceraÌ?n las normas
+sobre certificacioÌ?n aplicables a la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta norma el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, en la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 40, sustituye las expresiones "El
+procedimiento Administrativo" por la de "Los Procedimientos
+Administrativos".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n Nº 40 habida cuenta que en el
+texto definitivo que aproboÌ? hace una referencia en singular al
+"procedimiento administrativo". AdemaÌ?s, y como quiera que recientemente se
+ha aprobado la ley Nº 19.799, que regula la utilizacioÌ?n de medios
+electroÌ?nicos -y en consecuencia, desarrolla los enunciados de este precepto-
+ a sugerencia del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cantero, y conforme lo autoriza
+el artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, reemplazoÌ? el texto del
+proyecto aprobado en general por otro que soÌ?lo declara que el procedimiento
+administrativo podraÌ? realizarse a traveÌ?s de teÌ?cnicas y medios
+administrativos, debiendo la AdministracioÌ?n procurar proveerse de los
+medios compatibles para ello.
+
+
+ Los acuerdos precedentes fueron adoptados por la unanimidad de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 21
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 20.
+
+
+ Esta disposicioÌ?n precisa, en siÌ?ntesis, que podraÌ?n actuar ante la
+AdministracioÌ?n todas las personas que tengan capacidad de goce o de
+ejercicio y los menores de edad a los cuales la normativa los autorice para
+ejercer sus derechos e intereses.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta norma se formuloÌ? la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 41 del
+BoletiÌ?n, de autoriÌ?a del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que
+reemplaza este precepto por otro que dispone que la capacidad para actuar
+ante la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado se regiraÌ? por las normas generales de
+derecho.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nez rechazoÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n, pues, cual se senÌ?aloÌ? en el primer informe respecto del texto
+aprobado en esa oportunidad, al incluir a los menores de edad como sujetos
+de derechos habilitados para actuar ante la AdministracioÌ?n, se estaÌ?
+acogiendo una recomendacioÌ?n de convenciones internacionales que reconocen
+esa facultad.
+
+
+
+
+
+ 7 ArtiÌ?culo 22
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 21.
+
+
+ Esta norma aprobada en general define a los interesados en el
+procedimiento administrativo como las personas que lo promueven como
+titulares de derechos o intereses individuales o colectivos. TambieÌ?n
+considera interesados a los que sin haber iniciado un procedimiento puedan
+resultar afectados por una decisioÌ?n que se adopte en eÌ?l; y a los que puedan
+ser afectados por una resolucioÌ?n y se apersonen en el procedimiento en
+tanto no haya recaiÌ?do en eÌ?l resolucioÌ?n definitiva.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 42, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, sugiere sustituir este precepto por otro que dispone que se
+consideraraÌ?n partes en el procedimiento administrativo quienes lo hayan
+promovido como titulares de derechos o intereses legiÌ?timos, individuales o
+colectivos, y quienes legalmente se hayan hecho parte en eÌ?l, en tanto su
+comparecencia se haya producido mientras no se hayan elevado los autos para
+la dictacioÌ?n del acto terminal.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes, Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, y NuÌ?nÌ?ez rechazoÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n por considerar que la norma aprobada en general es maÌ?s
+esquemaÌ?tica al distinguir las dos situaciones en que se puede adquirir por
+terceros la condicioÌ?n de interesados (los que sin haber iniciado el
+procedimiento son afectados por eÌ?ste, y los que, puedan ser afectados por
+una resolucioÌ?n y se apersonen en el procedimiento antes de la resolucioÌ?n
+definitiva). La indicacioÌ?n, en tanto, cubre ambas situaciones en un solo
+enunciado.
+
+
+
+ 7.1.1 ArtiÌ?culo 25
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 24 y se refiere a la duracioÌ?n de los plazos en el
+procedimiento administrativo. Al efecto, dispone que el funcionario que
+reciba una solicitud, documento o expediente, deberaÌ? hacerlo llegar a la
+unidad pertinente a maÌ?s tardar dentro de las 24 horas siguientes a su
+recepcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Agrega, en lo referente a las providencias de mero traÌ?mite, que eÌ?stas
+se dictaraÌ?n dentro del plazo de 48 horas contado desde la recepcioÌ?n de la
+solicitud, documento o expediente, y que los informes, dictaÌ?menes u otras
+actuaciones administrativas se evacuaraÌ?n dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as,
+contados desde la peticioÌ?n de la diligencia.
+
+
+ Concluye precisando que las decisiones definitivas se dictaraÌ?n dentro
+del plazo de 20 diÌ?as contados desde que el interesado solicite que se
+certifique que el acto puede resolverse.
+
+
+ Este precepto fue objeto de las indicaciones Nºs. 43, 44 y 45 del
+BoletiÌ?n.
+
+
+ Las dos primeras, cuyos autores son, respectivamente, el Honorable
+Senador senÌ?or Cariola y al ex Senador senÌ?or Urenda, sustituyen en el inciso
+primero la frase "a maÌ?s tardar dentro de las 24 horas siguientes a" por "en
+el plazo de un diÌ?a contado desde".
+
+
+ A su turno, la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 45 del Honorable Senador Cariola
+reemplaza la referencia a "48 horas" escrita en el inciso segundo de este
+artiÌ?culo, por "2 diÌ?as".
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por no innovar en el texto aprobado en general y, en
+consecuencia, rechazoÌ? estas indicaciones con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+ 7.1.2 ArtiÌ?culo 26
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 25.
+
+
+ En el texto del primer informe este precepto consigna las reglas para
+computar los plazos del procedimiento administrativo. Estos seraÌ?n de diÌ?as
+haÌ?biles, entendieÌ?ndose que son inhaÌ?biles, ademaÌ?s de los domingos y los
+declarados festivos, los diÌ?as saÌ?bados.
+
+
+ Agrega que los plazos se computaraÌ?n desde el diÌ?a siguiente a aqueÌ?l en
+que se notifique o publique el acto de que se trate o se produzca su
+estimacioÌ?n o su desestimacioÌ?n como efecto del silencio administrativo; y si
+en el mes de vencimiento no hubiere diÌ?a equivalente a aqueÌ?l en que comienza
+el coÌ?mputo, se entenderaÌ? que el plazo expira el uÌ?ltimo diÌ?a de dicho mes.
+
+
+ Seguidamente, dispone que cuando el uÌ?ltimo diÌ?a del plazo sea inhaÌ?bil,
+se entenderaÌ? prorrogado al primer diÌ?a haÌ?bil siguiente.
+
+
+ Respecto de esta disposicioÌ?n, en la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 46, el
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola reemplaza en el inciso primero, la
+expresioÌ?n "en esta ley" por la frase "en las leyes que regulan los
+procedimientos administrativos" y el punto final (.) por una coma (,),
+agregando la frase "salvo ley expresa en contrario.".
+
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de sus miembros presentes,
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues ya ha quedado aprobado en el artiÌ?culo
+1º de este proyecto el caraÌ?cter supletorio de esta ley y la remisioÌ?n que
+hace a otras leyes que regulan procedimientos administrativos especiales.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ Enseguida, la ComisioÌ?n tratoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 47, del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que intercala, a continuacioÌ?n
+del artiÌ?culo 28, un precepto nuevo que establece que el traÌ?mite de toma de
+razoÌ?n, conforme a lo dispuesto en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 18 de la
+ley Nº 18.575, se regiraÌ? por las disposiciones constitucionales y legales
+que la regulan.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por no incluir esta norma en el proyecto pues
+tambieÌ?n en el inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 1º establece el mismo principio,
+esto es, que el traÌ?mite de toma de razoÌ?n se rige por la ConstitucioÌ?n
+PoliÌ?tica y las leyes. En consecuencia, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n con los
+votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Coloma,
+Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n tratoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 48, de
+autoriÌ?a del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Foxley y del ex Senador senÌ?or Bitar,
+que agrega un artiÌ?culo nuevo mediante el cual se dispone que el Presidente
+de la RepuÌ?blica, en el plazo de seis meses, deberaÌ? dictar uno o maÌ?s
+decretos con fuerza de Ley, con el objeto de reducir los plazos de los
+procedimientos administrativos que rigen el otorgamiento de las patentes
+municipales senÌ?aladas en el decreto ley Nº 3.063 de 1979; los permisos,
+estudios de impacto vial, certificados y recepcioÌ?n de obras de construccioÌ?n
+y urbanismo que se indican en el TiÌ?tulo III de la Ley General de Urbanismo
+y Construcciones; y los estudios y declaracioÌ?n de impacto ambiental que
+establece la ley Nº 19.300.
+
+
+ Agrega que para el cumplimiento de esta obligacioÌ?n, el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica podraÌ? fijar o modificar plazos, sin que eÌ?stos
+puedan durar maÌ?s de sesenta diÌ?as ni ampliar los existentes. Concluye
+senÌ?alando que en ninguÌ?n caso se podraÌ?n establecer etapas o procedimientos
+distintos a los considerados en la ley.
+
+
+
+ Al considerar esta indicacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n tuvo presente que las
+materias tratadas en ella corresponden a otra que formuloÌ? el Ejecutivo y
+que se aproboÌ? en un nuevo artiÌ?culo 67.
+
+
+ Por la razoÌ?n anotada, la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n con los
+votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero,
+Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n se abocoÌ? a la indicacioÌ?n nuÌ?mero 49, del Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que sustituye el paÌ?rrafo segundo que antecede
+al artiÌ?culo 29 del texto aprobado en general (se refiere a la iniciacioÌ?n
+del procedimiento), por otro que incorpora a este proyecto un CapiÌ?tulo II,
+nuevo, con el subtiÌ?tulo "El procedimiento de formacioÌ?n de los actos
+administrativos PaÌ?rrafo Primero. De la iniciacioÌ?n del procedimiento
+administrativo.".
+
+
+ Con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger y Cantero, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues, como se ha dicho en
+acaÌ?pites precedentes, estimoÌ? conveniente no innovar en lo que respecta a la
+estructura y titulacioÌ?n de los epiÌ?grafes del proyecto aprobado en general.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 29
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 28.
+
+
+ Dispone este precepto que los procedimientos administrativos se
+pueden iniciar de oficio o a solicitud de persona interesada.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 50, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, reemplaza esta norma por otra que prescribe que los procedimientos
+se iniciaraÌ?n de oficio por propia iniciativa de la autoridad competente,
+por orden superior o por denuncia.
+
+
+ Agrega, en su inciso segundo, que la denuncia individualizaraÌ?
+al denunciante y expresaraÌ? fundadamente los hechos que la motivan. Declara,
+tambieÌ?n, que el denunciante no es parte del procedimiento, sin perjuicio de
+su derecho a informarse de la tramitacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n, por la unanimidad de su miembros presentes,
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero, rechazoÌ?
+esta indicacioÌ?n en atencioÌ?n a que la forma coÌ?mo puede iniciarse el
+procedimiento por la AdministracioÌ?n o por denuncia, estaÌ? consignada en el
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 29, que aproboÌ? sin enmiendas, seguÌ?n se diraÌ? en seguida.
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 30
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 29.
+
+
+ Esta norma del texto aprobado en general regula la iniciacioÌ?n del
+procedimiento de oficio, por orden de un superior, por peticioÌ?n de otro
+oÌ?rgano o por denuncia (inciso primero).
+
+
+ Prescribe, tambieÌ?n, que antes de la iniciacioÌ?n se puede abrir un
+periÌ?odo de informacioÌ?n para conocer las causas que lo motivan y ponderar la
+conveniencia o no de iniciarlo.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, en la indicacioÌ?n Nº
+51, sugiere la supresioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo, proposicioÌ?n que fue rechazada
+con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei, y senÌ?ores Boeninger
+y Cantero, habida consideracioÌ?n de lo actuado respecto de la indicacioÌ?n
+precedente.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, en las indicaciones
+Nºs. 52, 53, 54 y 55, sugiere la intercalacioÌ?n de otros tantos preceptos,
+cuyo texto se consigna a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 52 del BoletiÌ?n incorpora un artiÌ?culo que estatuye
+que en la formacioÌ?n de actos reglamentarios, la AdministracioÌ?n queda
+facultada para disponer una audiencia previa con el fin de que las personas
+o grupos afectados por el acto se informen de su contenido y formulen sus
+observaciones. Agrega que del periÌ?odo de informacioÌ?n se levantaraÌ? acta que,
+junto con los antecedentes tenidos a la vista, se elevaraÌ? a la autoridad
+que debe dictar el acto terminal.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? que el precepto descrito tiene relacioÌ?n, en parte,
+con el contenido del nuevo artiÌ?culo 39 que -seguÌ?n se diraÌ?- se aproboÌ? y que
+ya ha sido comentado al tratar la indicacioÌ?n Nº 34; por todo lo cual se
+rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora
+Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero.
+
+
+ El precepto que se agrega por la indicacioÌ?n Nº 53, regula los actos
+administrativos que aprueban planes o programas originados en sondeos,
+encuestas u otros meÌ?todos similares. Si dichos actos afectaren intereses
+particulares, los considerandos de su dictacioÌ?n deberaÌ?n identificar la
+teÌ?cnica utilizada y los antecedentes que justifican el acto.
+
+
+ Habida cuenta que con ocasioÌ?n de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 63 se suprimioÌ? el
+inciso final del artiÌ?culo 35 aprobado en general, seguÌ?n se diraÌ? maÌ?s
+adelante, esta indicacioÌ?n -que en parte, al igual que dicho precepto, se
+refiere a la obligacioÌ?n de identificar la teÌ?cnica empleada en los actos en
+que intervengan sondeos o encuestas de opinioÌ?n- tambieÌ?n fue rechazada con
+igual votacioÌ?n que la precedente.
+
+
+ El siguiente precepto -contenido en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 54- se refiere
+al procedimiento iniciado a peticioÌ?n de un interesado, caso en el cual el
+correspondiente requerimiento deberaÌ? dirigirse a la autoridad competente,
+individualizaÌ?ndola y senÌ?alando un medio preferente para practicar las
+notificaciones que recaigan en la solicitud y las razones que justifican la
+formulacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta.
+
+
+ En su inciso segundo declara que la presentacioÌ?n ante autoridad
+incompetente produce iguales efectos que la intentada ante la que es
+idoÌ?nea, debiendo aqueÌ?lla remitir la peticioÌ?n a esta uÌ?ltima.
+
+
+ Finalmente, prescribe que las solicitudes se recibiraÌ?n con timbre y
+media firma, en el nuÌ?mero de copias que presente el solicitante.
+
+
+ La sugerencia de incorporar este precepto fue rechazada por la
+ComisioÌ?n con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger y Cantero, quienes optaron por el texto aprobado en general -en
+el nuevo artiÌ?culo 30, seguÌ?n se diraÌ?- que trata sobre la materia.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 55, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, incorpora un precepto que autoriza a los jefes de
+servicio para confeccionar formularios tipos, y fue rechazada por la misma
+razoÌ?n anotada respecto de la precedente. (Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei
+y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+8 ArtiÌ?culo 31
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 30.
+
+
+ El texto aprobado en general respecto de este artiÌ?culo contiene
+normas sobre el procedimiento iniciado a solicitud de interesado o de
+parte. Consigna, en primer lugar, las menciones que debe contener la
+solicitud: individualizacioÌ?n del peticionario y de los medios y lugar
+preferente para los efectos de las notificaciones que recaigan en los actos
+originados por eÌ?sta; los fundamentos de la solicitud; lugar y fecha; la
+firma del peticionario o acreditacioÌ?n de su voluntad, y el oÌ?rgano al que se
+dirige.
+
+
+ Agrega -en su inciso segundo- que si la pretensioÌ?n contenida en la
+solicitud corresponde a varias personas, aqueÌ?lla puede formularse en un
+mismo acto, salvo que la ley disponga lo contrario.
+
+
+ En seguida, preceptuÌ?a que de los escritos de los interesados
+(solicitudes o comunicaciones) se podraÌ? exigir recibo que deÌ? fe de la fecha
+de su presentacioÌ?n; y que cuando se trate de procedimientos que signifiquen
+la expedicioÌ?n de numerosas resoluciones se podraÌ?n confeccionar formularios
+que estaraÌ?n a disposicioÌ?n de los administrados en las sedes de los
+despachos administrativos.
+
+
+ Finalmente -inciso quinto- faculta a los peticionarios para acompanÌ?ar
+documentos complementarios a la solicitud contenida en un formulario, los
+que deberaÌ?n ser considerados por la AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Este precepto fue objeto de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 56, del Honorable
+Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, que propone suprimirlo, indicacioÌ?n que
+guarda armoniÌ?a con otras proposiciones, tambieÌ?n de su autoriÌ?a, que
+establecen una estructura distinta para este proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ Atendidas las razones que tuvo en consideracioÌ?n la ComisioÌ?n para el
+rechazo de las indicaciones que la preceden, la correspondiente a este
+nuÌ?mero 56 tambieÌ?n fue desestimada con los votos de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero.
+
+
+
+9 ArtiÌ?culo 33
+
+
+ Este precepto del proyecto aprobado en general -que como
+consecuencia de la supresioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 13 del primer informe pasa a ser
+artiÌ?culo 32- se refiere a las medidas provisionales que, de oficio o a
+peticioÌ?n de parte, puede adoptar la AdministracioÌ?n frente a un acto ya
+iniciado para asegurar la eficacia del acto terminal.
+
+
+ Agrega en un inciso segundo que antes de iniciar el procedimiento, en
+casos de urgencia y en beneficio de los intereses involucrados, tambieÌ?n se
+pueden adoptar estas medidas, que deben ser confirmadas, modificadas o
+alzadas dentro de los quince diÌ?as siguientes a la iniciacioÌ?n del
+procedimiento. Las resoluciones que asiÌ? lo dispongan son recurribles por
+viÌ?a administrativa.
+
+
+ El inciso tercero dispone que las medidas previstas en el inciso
+anterior quedan sin efecto si no se inicia el procedimiento en el plazo
+senÌ?alado o, en caso contrario, cuando eÌ?ste no consigne un pronunciamiento
+expreso respecto de ellas.
+
+
+ El inciso siguiente -el cuarto- prohibe medidas provisionales que
+puedan perjudicar a los interesados o que violen derechos amparados por la
+legislacioÌ?n; en tanto que el inciso quinto preceptuÌ?a que las medidas
+provisionales puedan alzarse o modificarse durante el procedimiento
+atendidas circunstancias sobrevinientes.
+
+
+ El inciso final de este artiÌ?culo declara que las medidas
+provisionales se extinguen en virtud del acto terminal del procedimiento.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 56, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s
+-que tambieÌ?n proponiÌ?a la supresioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 31 del texto aprobado en
+general-, la Nº 58, del mismo autor, y la Nº 57, del Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or Cariola, sugieren la eliminacioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Estas indicaciones fueron rechazadas por la unanimidad de los
+miembros presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y
+senÌ?ores Boeninger y Cantero, pues se estimoÌ? conveniente incorporar a esta
+legislacioÌ?n las medidas provisionales en los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n
+para mejor cautelar los efectos de eÌ?stos y los derechos de los
+administrados.
+
+
+
+10 ArtiÌ?culo 34
+
+
+ Se incorpora al proyecto como artiÌ?culo 33, y regula la acumulacioÌ?n o
+desacumulacioÌ?n de los procedimientos administrativos, facultando a la
+AdministracioÌ?n para acumular los que guarden la misma identidad o tengan
+conexioÌ?n, o su desacumulacioÌ?n. De la resolucioÌ?n que se pronuncie por una de
+estas alternativas, agrega, no procederaÌ? recurso alguno.
+
+
+ En las indicaciones Nºs. 59 y 60, de los Honorables Senadores Cariola
+y ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, respectivamente, se propone la supresioÌ?n de este
+precepto. S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 61,
+sugiere que dichos procedimientos se agreguen a los maÌ?s antiguos.
+
+
+ Esta uÌ?ltima indicacioÌ?n fue aprobada por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger y Cantero y, en consecuencia, con la misma votacioÌ?n, se
+rechazaron las indicaciones Nºs. 59 y 60.
+
+
+
+11 ArtiÌ?culo 35
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 34.
+
+
+ Con este precepto se inicia el PaÌ?rrafo 3º "InstruccioÌ?n del
+Procedimiento", del CapiÌ?tulo II del texto aprobado en general. Esta norma
+define los actos de instruccioÌ?n como aquellos necesarios para la
+determinacioÌ?n, conocimiento y comprobacioÌ?n de los antecedentes que
+justifican el acto administrativo.
+
+
+ Agrega que los actos de instruccioÌ?n se realizan de oficio sin
+perjuicio del derecho del interesado de proponer otros.
+
+
+ Finalmente, expresa que en los sondeos y encuestas de opinioÌ?n que
+sirvan a un procedimiento se deberaÌ? identificar la teÌ?cnica empleada para la
+obtencioÌ?n de un resultado.
+
+
+ En las indicaciones Nºs. 62 y 63, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, sugiere, respectivamente, reemplazar el epiÌ?grafe de
+este paÌ?rrafo y suprimir el artiÌ?culo 35, en correspondencia con la
+estructura que ha propuesto para el proyecto y en armoniÌ?a tambieÌ?n con la
+indicacioÌ?n Nº 53 de su autoriÌ?a, que se refiere a los sondeos y encuestas de
+opinioÌ?n como instrumentos para cursar los actos de instruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con estas indicaciones la ComisioÌ?n acordoÌ?:
+
+
+ a) Rechazar la signada con el Nº 62, invocando los mismos argumentos
+que, en su parecer, obstan a la alteracioÌ?n de la estructura del proyecto, y
+
+
+ b) Aprobar parcialmente la indicacioÌ?n Nº 63, pues concordoÌ? en
+suprimir el inciso final de este artiÌ?culo que se refiere a los sondeos y
+encuestas de opinioÌ?n como elementos de la instruccioÌ?n del procedimiento.
+
+
+ Concurrieron a los acuerdos precedentes los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Seguidamente, la ComisioÌ?n se ocupoÌ? de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 64, del
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, por la que intercala al
+proyecto un nuevo artiÌ?culo que atribuye al instructor del procedimiento la
+potestad de determinar y ponderar los hechos fundantes del acto terminal,
+sin perjuicio del derecho del interesado de instar por su tramitacioÌ?n
+oportuna.
+
+
+ Con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n en
+correspondencia con los acuerdos adoptados respecto del nuevo artiÌ?culo 34,
+que aborda, en parte, la misma materia.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+12
+
+13 ArtiÌ?culo 40
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 39.
+
+
+ Esta disposicioÌ?n del texto aprobado en general se refiere a la
+informacioÌ?n puÌ?blica del procedimiento administrativo, facultando al oÌ?rgano
+competente, cuando la naturaleza del acto lo requiera, para anunciar en el
+Diario Oficial o en otro de circulacioÌ?n nacional todo o parte del
+procedimiento para su examen puÌ?blico, con expresioÌ?n del lugar de exhibicioÌ?n
+de los antecedentes o elementos que lo conforman y duracioÌ?n del plazo para
+formular observaciones.
+
+
+ En sus dos incisos restantes, esta norma dispone que la falta de
+actuacioÌ?n en este traÌ?mite no inhibe el derecho de los interesados para
+interponer recursos en contra de la resolucioÌ?n definitiva, y que esta
+actuacioÌ?n (la que se practica como consecuencia de la informacioÌ?n puÌ?blica)
+no atribuye por siÌ? misma la condicioÌ?n de interesado. En todo caso, la
+AdministracioÌ?n queda obligada a responder lo pertinente.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 65, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, propone la supresioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo. La ComisioÌ?n, consecuente con
+lo actuado respecto de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 52, seguÌ?n se ha dicho
+precedentemente, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+14 ArtiÌ?culo 41
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 40.
+
+
+ Este artiÌ?culo del texto del primer informe regula la conclusioÌ?n del
+procedimiento. Este termina por la resolucioÌ?n final, el desistimiento, la
+declaracioÌ?n de abandono y la renuncia al derecho en que se funda la
+peticioÌ?n, siempre que aqueÌ?lla no esteÌ? prohibida.
+
+
+ En su inciso segundo agrega como causal de terminacioÌ?n la
+imposibilidad material de continuarlo.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, tambieÌ?n en la
+indicacioÌ?n Nº 65, suprime este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente mantener en esta legislacioÌ?n la
+enunciacioÌ?n de hechos o circunstancias que ponen fin al procedimiento,
+razoÌ?n por la que dio por rechazada esta indicacioÌ?n. Se pronunciaron en tal
+sentido los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 66, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, sugiere intercalar antes del artiÌ?culo 42, (nuevo
+artiÌ?culo 41), del proyecto aprobado en general el artiÌ?culo 64 de ese mismo
+texto.
+
+
+ El referido precepto regula el procedimiento de urgencia. Este tiene
+lugar por razones de intereÌ?s puÌ?blico y se promueve de oficio o a peticioÌ?n
+de parte, reducieÌ?ndose a la mitad los plazos del procedimiento ordinario,
+salvo los relativos a las presentaciones y recursos.
+
+
+ Prescribe, tambieÌ?n, que respecto de la resolucioÌ?n que disponga la
+tramitacioÌ?n de urgencia no procede recurso alguno.
+
+
+ En razoÌ?n de que se ha optado por la estructura del proyecto aprobado
+en general y, en consecuencia, por mantener un determinado orden
+correlativo de sus preceptos, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? conveniente no innovar
+respecto de este artiÌ?culo, por lo que rechazoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n propuesta.
+(Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez).
+
+
+
+
+15 ArtiÌ?culo 43
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 42.
+
+
+ El texto del primer informe contenido en este artiÌ?culo se refiere a
+la renuncia y desistimiento como forma de poner fin al procedimiento,
+facultando a los interesados para recurrir a estas modalidades, siempre que
+su ejercicio no esteÌ? prohibido por las leyes.
+
+
+ Explica que si el procedimiento se hubiere iniciado por dos o maÌ?s
+personas, el desistimiento o renuncia soÌ?lo afecta al que lo haya formulado
+y, finalmente, autoriza que ambas expresiones de voluntad se manifiesten
+por cualquier medio que permita su constancia.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 67, S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica propone
+agregar un inciso final que declara que el desistimiento y la renuncia
+hacen caducar el respectivo derecho.
+
+
+ Con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues sus
+consecuencias son maÌ?s amplias que las previstas en la norma aprobada en
+general, que soÌ?lo afectan al procedimiento en curso y a la solicitud o
+requerimiento que le ha dado origen, pero no a la pretensioÌ?n o derecho
+sustantivo que invoca el administrado.
+
+
+
+16 ArtiÌ?culo 44
+
+
+ Este precepto aprobado en general, que ahora se incorpora al proyecto
+como artiÌ?culo 43, regula el abandono del procedimiento, disponiendo que si
+la inactividad del interesado lo paraliza por maÌ?s de treinta diÌ?as, se le
+apercibiraÌ? con declaracioÌ?n de abandono si no efectuÌ?a diligencias para
+continuarlo en el plazo de siete diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Si se hace efectivo el apercibimiento, se ordenaraÌ? el archivo del
+procedimiento notificando al interesado.
+
+
+ Declara, finalmente, que el abandono no afecta ni interrumpe la
+prescripcioÌ?n de las acciones del interesado o de la AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Cariola y ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, en
+las indicaciones Nºs. 68 y 69, respectivamente, proponen suprimir este
+artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Ambas indicaciones fueron rechazadas con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, pues se estimoÌ?
+conveniente expresar en esta norma el efecto que produce la inactividad de
+un interesado en un procedimiento administrativo y establecer cuaÌ?les son
+las consecuencias que genera el abandono en materia de prescripcioÌ?n de
+acciones.
+
+
+
+17 ArtiÌ?culo 45
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 44.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 45 del texto contenido en el primer informe aprobado por
+la Sala faculta a la autoridad para decretar la continuacioÌ?n del
+procedimiento -y en consecuencia no hacer lugar al abandono- cuando su
+terminacioÌ?n por esta viÌ?a afectare el intereÌ?s general o la cuestioÌ?n
+involucrada en eÌ?l.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n en las indicaciones Nºs. 68 y 69, los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores Cariola y ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, eliminan esta norma; y ambas fueron
+rechazadas con el mismo quoÌ?rum con que se rechazaron las indicaciones
+relativas al artiÌ?culo 44.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Mediante las indicaciones Nºs. 70, 71, 72 y 73, el Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, incorpora al proyecto cuatro nuevos artiÌ?culos
+que regulan el silencio administrativo y la eficacia de los actos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El primero de estos preceptos se refiere al silencio positivo,
+disponiendo que la inactividad del ente competente para dictar el acto
+terminal dentro de plazo legal presume la aceptacioÌ?n de lo pedido cuando,
+previa certificacioÌ?n de dicha inactividad solicitada por el interesado, el
+acto no se dicta dentro de un mes contado desde la fecha del certificado.
+Agrega, ademaÌ?s, que si se acredita la ilegalidad del acto de aceptacioÌ?n se
+estaraÌ? a lo previsto en el CapiÌ?tulo III de esta ley. (EntendieÌ?ndose que
+dicho CapiÌ?tulo III es el que el mismo senÌ?or Senador sugiere incluir en el
+proyecto en virtud de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 77, seguÌ?n se explicaraÌ? en su
+oportunidad).
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por mantener (con enmiendas) la foÌ?rmula contenida en
+el artiÌ?culo 65 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 64) del proyecto aprobado en general que
+regula esta materia, rechazando en consecuencia la indicacioÌ?n Nº 70. Se
+pronunciaron por el rechazo los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ La siguiente indicacioÌ?n -la Nº 71 del BoletiÌ?n- describe el silencio
+negativo como el efecto que se genera cuando la omisioÌ?n del oÌ?rgano
+competente recae en una peticioÌ?n que afecta al patrimonio nacional o
+administrativo, en procedimientos iniciados de oficio o en recursos
+deducidos por los administrados. Estatuye, tambieÌ?n, que certificada la
+omisioÌ?n a peticioÌ?n de parte interesada, queda abierta para eÌ?sta la viÌ?a
+jurisdiccional.
+
+
+ AtemperaÌ?ndose al mismo criterio que el adoptado en relacioÌ?n con la
+indicacioÌ?n precedente, la ComisioÌ?n concordoÌ? en mantener la redaccioÌ?n
+original del silencio negativo consignada en el proyecto en el artiÌ?culo 66
+del texto del primer informe -nuevo artiÌ?culo 65- y, por tanto, desechoÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n con la misma votacioÌ?n recaiÌ?da en aqueÌ?lla.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n 72 intercala el epiÌ?grafe "PaÌ?rrafo Cuarto. De la
+eficacia de los actos administrativos.", y fue rechazada por los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, en correspondencia con otros acuerdos adoptados
+respecto de la estructura de esta iniciativa de ley.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en lo tocante a estas indicaciones, la signada con el Nº
+73 incorpora un precepto que declara que los decretos y resoluciones de la
+AdministracioÌ?n producen efectos desde su notificacioÌ?n y publicacioÌ?n y que,
+en general, estos efectos son inmediatos desde su dictacioÌ?n y no tienen la
+cualidad de la retroactividad.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n acogioÌ? en parte la indicacioÌ?n en anaÌ?lisis, pues estimoÌ?
+que explicitar que los actos administrativos producen efectos desde su
+notificacioÌ?n es un complemento de las prescripciones de los artiÌ?culos 46 y
+49 (nuevos artiÌ?culos 45 y 48, respectivamente) -que se refieren a las
+notificaciones y publicaciones de los actos administrativos- al tiempo que
+guarda armoniÌ?a con un principio general de la legislacioÌ?n procesal
+(artiÌ?culo 38 del CoÌ?digo de Procedimiento Civil); pero rechazoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n
+en lo que se refiere a la irretroactividad del acto administrativo en
+concordancia con el artiÌ?culo 53 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 52) -que no fue objeto de
+indicaciones, entendieÌ?ndose por tanto aprobado- que permite la
+retroactividad de las actuaciones administrativas cuando producen
+consecuencias favorables para los interesados y no lesionan derechos de
+terceros.
+
+
+ En todo caso, esta indicacioÌ?n, aprobada en la forma descrita, se
+incorpora al proyecto como inciso segundo del nuevo artiÌ?culo 51 -que se
+refiere a la ejecutoriedad de los actos administrativos- complementado con
+la frase "seguÌ?n sean de contenido individual o general", tambieÌ?n en armoniÌ?a
+con los mencionados artiÌ?culos 45 y 48 (nuevos) que, como se ha dicho,
+disponen que los actos de efectos individuales se notifican, y los que
+afectan el intereÌ?s general se publican.
+
+
+ El acuerdo precedente respecto de esta indicacioÌ?n se aproboÌ? por la
+unanimidad de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+18 ArtiÌ?culo 49
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 48.
+
+
+ Contiene la noÌ?mina de los actos administrativos que deben publicarse
+en el Diario Oficial. En su letra c), cual ya se ha senÌ?alado, dispone tal
+exigencia para los actos que afectan a personas cuyo paradero se ignora
+conforme a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 40.
+
+
+ En las indicaciones Nº 74, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola, y Nº
+75, del ex Senador senÌ?or Urenda, se sugiere reemplazar la expresioÌ?n
+"artiÌ?culo 42" por "artiÌ?culo 40". Ambas indicaciones fueron rechazadas por
+la unanimidad de la ComisioÌ?n (Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez), pues el artiÌ?culo 40 -ahora artiÌ?culo 39-
+ permite, como se ha dicho en un acaÌ?pite precedente, anunciar un periÌ?odo de
+informacioÌ?n puÌ?blica en el Diario Oficial o en un perioÌ?dico de circulacioÌ?n
+nacional, a diferencia de lo que prescribe el precepto en anaÌ?lisis. (Se
+publican soÌ?lo en el Diario Oficial los actos que afectan a personas cuyo
+paradero se ignora). Con todo, y como consecuencia de la alteracioÌ?n de la
+enumeracioÌ?n del articulado del proyecto, con la misma votacioÌ?n y en virtud
+de la facultad que le reconoce el artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la
+CorporacioÌ?n, la ComisioÌ?n reemplazoÌ? la mencioÌ?n que hace este precepto al
+"artiÌ?culo 40" por otra al "artiÌ?culo 45", que es la norma que admite, como
+forma de notificacioÌ?n respecto de las personas cuyo paradero se ignora, la
+publicacioÌ?n en el Diario Oficial de la actuacioÌ?n administrativa de que se
+trate.
+
+
+
+19 ArtiÌ?culo 51
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 50.
+
+
+ El precepto de este artiÌ?culo aprobado en general disciplina el acto
+administrativo. A este efecto, ordena que la AdministracioÌ?n no podraÌ?
+ejecutar ninguna resolucioÌ?n que limite los derechos de los administrados,
+sin que previamente se haya dictado el acto que le sirve de fundamento.
+
+
+ En un inciso segundo, dispone que el oÌ?rgano ejecutor debe notificar
+al administrado la resolucioÌ?n que autoriza la actuacioÌ?n administrativa.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 76 del BoletiÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, suprime este artiÌ?culo, proposicioÌ?n que fue desechada
+con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger,
+Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, quienes estimaron que el precepto en anaÌ?lisis da certeza
+juriÌ?dica a los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ En seguida, en las indicaciones Nºs. 77 y 78, el Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, sugiere, respectivamente, la intercalacioÌ?n de
+un nuevo CapiÌ?tulo III "Del procedimiento de impugnacioÌ?n de los actos
+administrativos. PaÌ?rrafo primero. De las viÌ?as de impugnacioÌ?n.", y de un
+nuevo artiÌ?culo que declara que los actos administrativos son impugnables
+por viÌ?a administrativa y jurisdiccional.
+
+
+ Ambas indicaciones fueron rechazadas con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, quienes, como
+se ha dicho, han optado por mantener una estructura y correlacioÌ?n de
+artiÌ?culos distintas en este proyecto de ley para tratar las materias que
+esas indicaciones consignan.
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+20 ArtiÌ?culos 52 y 53
+
+
+ Pasan a ser artiÌ?culos 51 y 52, respectivamente.
+
+
+ El precepto del artiÌ?culo 52 aprobado en general reconoce
+ejecutoriedad inmediata (causa ejecutoria) a los actos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n, con excepcioÌ?n de aquellos en que la ley dispone otro efecto
+o que requieran de aprobacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+ A su vez, el artiÌ?culo 53 del primer informe, consagra el principio de
+la irretroactividad de las actuaciones de la AdministracioÌ?n, con excepcioÌ?n
+de las que produzcan efectos favorables para los interesados y no lesionen
+derechos de terceros.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 79 del BoletiÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, propone la supresioÌ?n de ambos artiÌ?culos, opcioÌ?n que
+por razones de eficacia y oportunidad de las actuaciones administrativas la
+ComisioÌ?n desestimoÌ? con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y
+senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+
+ CapiÌ?tulo IV
+
+ RevisioÌ?n de los actos administrativos
+
+ PaÌ?rrafo 1º
+
+ Principios Generales
+
+
+ Este paÌ?rrafo del texto aprobado por la Sala, que comprende los
+artiÌ?culos 54 a 59, regula la invalidacioÌ?n de los actos administrativos; el
+recurso de reclamacioÌ?n por invalidacioÌ?n o nulidad; la notificacioÌ?n a
+terceros interesados acerca de la interposicioÌ?n de los recursos; el efecto
+suspensivo del procedimiento ante un recurso interpuesto, y la publicidad
+de los actos recurridos.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 80, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola propone la
+supresioÌ?n de este paÌ?rrafo, indicacioÌ?n que fue rechazada con los votos de
+los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez,
+quienes estimaron necesario dotar al acto administrativo con los mecanismos
+que contiene este paÌ?rrafo, seguÌ?n se diraÌ? a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+21 ArtiÌ?culo 54
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 53.
+
+
+ Cual se dijo, este precepto regula la invalidacioÌ?n del acto
+administrativo, quedando facultada la autoridad competente para proceder a
+ella, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n de parte, previa audiencia del interesado. La
+declaracioÌ?n de invalidacioÌ?n o nulidad debe hacerse dentro de los cuatro
+anÌ?os siguientes contados desde la notificacioÌ?n o publicacioÌ?n del acto, y
+podraÌ? ser total o parcial.
+
+
+ Agrega que el acto invalidatorio seraÌ? impugnable ante la jurisdiccioÌ?n
+ordinaria, en procedimiento breve y sumario.
+
+
+ Las indicaciones Nºs. 81 y 82, de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores
+Cariola y ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, sugieren, respectivamente, suprimir este
+artiÌ?culo, y fueron rechazadas con el mismo quoÌ?rum que la precedente por
+similares razones a las invocadas respecto de ella.
+
+
+
+22 ArtiÌ?culo 55
+
+
+ Esta norma aprobada en general -que se incorpora al proyecto como
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 54- impide al recurrente en sede administrativa deducir la
+misma pretensioÌ?n ante la jurisdiccioÌ?n ordinaria mientras esteÌ? pendiente la
+resolucioÌ?n del recurso de reclamacioÌ?n o no haya transcurrido el plazo para
+entenderlo desestimado (inciso primero).
+
+
+ Agrega que interpuesto reclamo administrativo se interrumpe el plazo
+de la accioÌ?n jurisdiccional, el que empezaraÌ? nuevamente a correr desde la
+notificacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n recaiÌ?da en el reclamo o desde que eÌ?sta se
+entienda desestimada (inciso segundo).
+
+
+ De contrario, en su inciso siguiente, este artiÌ?culo preveÌ? que si en
+un procedimiento administrativo se deduce accioÌ?n jurisdiccional, la
+AdministracioÌ?n queda inhibida de conocer cualquier reclamacioÌ?n sobre la
+misma pretensioÌ?n (inciso tercero).
+
+
+ Finalmente, prescribe que de la accioÌ?n jurisdiccional, que se tramita
+en procedimiento breve y sumario, se daraÌ? traslado a la AdministracioÌ?n que
+dictoÌ? el acto reclamado (inciso cuarto).
+
+
+ Las indicaciones Nº 83, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola y Nº 84,
+del Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, sugieren la supresioÌ?n de
+todo el artiÌ?culo, la primera, y la de los incisos tercero y cuarto, la
+segunda.
+
+
+ Ambas indicaciones fueron aprobadas parcialmente, en el sentido de
+que se acogioÌ? suprimir el inciso final de esta norma (remite al juicio
+sumario la resolucioÌ?n de la accioÌ?n jurisdiccional en contra de un acto de
+la AdministracioÌ?n), porque bien puede que la accioÌ?n que se intente deba
+tramitarse, por su naturaleza, conforme a un procedimiento distinto al
+sumarial (por ejemplo, un juicio ordinario o declarativo); y porque la
+impugnabilidad ante la jurisdiccioÌ?n estaÌ? reconocida en el inciso
+precedente, siendo natural que el contradictor en la contienda
+jurisdiccional sea el oÌ?rgano administrativo cuya actuacioÌ?n se reclama. (y,
+en consecuencia, es innecesario expresar que de la accioÌ?n interpuesta se
+daraÌ? traslado a la AdministracioÌ?n).
+
+
+ Los acuerdos precedentes fueron adoptados por la unanimidad de los
+miembros de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, con prevencioÌ?n de estos dos uÌ?ltimos,
+para la historia fidedigna del establecimiento de este precepto, que el
+efecto inhibitorio para la AdministracioÌ?n que genera la posibilidad de
+recurrir en sede jurisdiccional, podriÌ?a entrabar la marcha de la misma.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, en
+las indicaciones Nºs 85, 86 y 87 intercala entre los artiÌ?culos 55 y 56 del
+texto aprobado en general, tres nuevos preceptos:
+
+
+ El primero consiste en reproducir los incisos primero, segundo y
+tercero del artiÌ?culo 60 del texto aprobado en general. El segundo contiene
+los incisos cuarto y seÌ?ptimo de dicho texto y, el tercero, los incisos
+sexto -reemplazando en eÌ?l la expresioÌ?n "incisos" por "artiÌ?culos"- y octavo.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 60 del texto del primer informe regula los recursos de
+reposicioÌ?n y el jeraÌ?rquico.
+
+
+ El inciso primero se refiere al recurso de reposicioÌ?n disponiendo que
+eÌ?ste debe deducirse dentro de quinto diÌ?a ante el oÌ?rgano que dictoÌ? el acto.
+Subsidiariamente podraÌ? interponerse el recurso jeraÌ?rquico. El inciso
+segundo prescribe que rechazada total o parcialmente la reposicioÌ?n, si se
+ha deducido el jeraÌ?rquico, se elevaraÌ? el expediente al superior que
+corresponda; en tanto que el inciso tercero atribuye al oÌ?rgano delegado
+competencia para resolver los recursos interpuestos en contra de los actos
+dictados por eÌ?l en el ejercicio de sus funciones delegadas.
+
+
+ (Los incisos precedentemente descritos conforman el primer artiÌ?culo
+propuesto en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 85).
+
+
+ Los incisos cuarto y seÌ?ptimo -que constituyen el segundo artiÌ?culo
+propuesto en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 86- reglamenta la interposicioÌ?n del recurso
+jeraÌ?rquico cuando no se ha deducido reposicioÌ?n. En este caso, el jeraÌ?rquico
+se presentaraÌ? para ante el superior jeraÌ?rquico del oÌ?rgano que dictoÌ? el acto
+impugnado, dentro de los cinco diÌ?as siguientes a su notificacioÌ?n. Agrega,
+el inciso seÌ?ptimo, que la autoridad llamada a resolver el recurso
+jeraÌ?rquico deberaÌ? previamente oiÌ?r al oÌ?rgano recurrido.
+
+
+ Finalmente, los incisos sexto y octavo del artiÌ?culo 60 -que en la
+indicacioÌ?n Nº 87 se propone pasen a ser el nuevo tercer artiÌ?culo
+intercalado- disponen que la autoridad llamada a pronunciarse respecto de
+los recursos a que se refieren los incisos anteriores (artiÌ?culos anteriores
+seguÌ?n la indicacioÌ?n) tendraÌ? un plazo no superior a treinta diÌ?as para
+resolverlos; y que la resolucioÌ?n que acoja el recurso podraÌ? modificar,
+reemplazar o dejar sin efecto el acto impugnado.
+
+
+ De la forma descrita, en los nuevos artiÌ?culos propuestos por las
+indicaciones Nºs. 85, 86 y 87, soÌ?lo se omite el inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo
+60 aprobado en general, que declara que no procede el recurso jeraÌ?rquico en
+contra de los actos del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, de los Ministros de
+Estado, Alcaldes y Jefes Superiores de los servicios descentralizados. En
+el caso de estas autoridades el recurso de reposicioÌ?n agota la viÌ?a
+administrativa.
+
+
+ Las mencionadas indicaciones Nºs. 85, 86 y 87 fueron rechazadas por
+la ComisioÌ?n siguiendo el criterio de no innovar respecto de la estructura
+del proyecto aprobado en general y tambieÌ?n porque ellas excluyen la norma
+del inciso quinto de dicho texto -que se acordoÌ? mantener en el proyecto-
+que contiene la declaracioÌ?n de que respecto de las autoridades mencionadas
+en eÌ?l no procede el recurso jeraÌ?rquico. Se pronunciaron por el rechazo los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 88, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Cariola propone
+suprimir los artiÌ?culos 56, 57, 58 y 59 del texto aprobado en general, en
+correspondencia con su indicacioÌ?n Nº 80, que elimina todo el PaÌ?rrafo I del
+CapiÌ?tulo IV, que incluye los artiÌ?culos 54 a 59. (Las indicaciones Nºs 81 y
+83, del mismo autor, tambieÌ?n proponiÌ?an la supresioÌ?n de los artiÌ?culos 54 y
+55, seguÌ?n se dijo en un paÌ?rrafo precedente).
+
+
+ Por las mismas razones anotadas respecto de las indicaciones Nºs 80 a
+83 -y en parte la indicacioÌ?n Nº 84- la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n,
+con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger,
+Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ Para una comprensioÌ?n cabal del acuerdo adoptado, consignamos a
+continuacioÌ?n una breve descripcioÌ?n de los preceptos que esta indicacioÌ?n
+proponiÌ?a suprimir.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 56 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 55), seguÌ?n se describioÌ? sumariamente
+en un acaÌ?pite anterior, dispone que la interposicioÌ?n de un recurso
+administrativo debe notificarse a los terceros interesados que hubieren
+participado en el procedimiento para que manifiesten cuanto tengan por
+conveniente en defensa de sus intereses. El plazo para formular estas
+alegaciones es de cinco diÌ?as contados desde la notificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 57 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 56) prescribe que el oÌ?rgano competente
+ordenaraÌ? que se corrijan los vicios que hubiere detectado en el
+procedimiento, por la AdministracioÌ?n o por el interesado, fijando un plazo
+determinado para ello.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 58 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 57) establece que la interposicioÌ?n de
+un recurso no suspende la ejecucioÌ?n del acto recurrido, salvo que la
+autoridad que conoce de eÌ?l ordene su suspensioÌ?n si su cumplimiento causa
+danÌ?o irreparable o hace imposible su resolucioÌ?n si se acogiere.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 59 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 58) se refiere a la publicidad de los
+actos recurridos. Al efecto dispone que las resoluciones que acojan los
+recursos administrativos interpuestos en contra de actos publicados en el
+Diario Oficial, deben ser publicadas en extracto en el mismo Diario los
+diÌ?as 1º o 15 de cada mes, o el diÌ?a siguiente si alguno de ellos fuera
+inhaÌ?bil.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+23 ArtiÌ?culo 60
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 59.
+
+
+ Cual se senÌ?aloÌ? en un acaÌ?pite precedente, (en la oportunidad en que se
+describioÌ? este artiÌ?culo al debatir las indicaciones Nºs. 85, 86 y 87) el
+inciso cuarto del artiÌ?culo 60 aprobado por la Sala en general, dispone que
+cuando no se deduce oposicioÌ?n el recurso jeraÌ?rquico se interpone para ante
+el superior del oÌ?rgano que dictoÌ? el acto impugnado dentro de los cinco diÌ?as
+siguientes a su notificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En las indicaciones Nºs. 89 y 90, respectivamente, el Honorable
+Senador senÌ?or Cariola y el ex Senador senÌ?or Urenda proponen reemplazar la
+redaccioÌ?n de esta norma por otra que reproduce las mismas ideas. Fueron
+rechazadas con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, quienes optaron por no innovar respecto de este
+precepto.
+
+
+ Reabierto el debate acerca de este artiÌ?culo, y conforme lo autoriza
+el artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, la unanimidad de la
+ComisioÌ?n (Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero,
+Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez) acordoÌ? suprimir el inciso tercero originalmente aprobado
+(faculta al oÌ?rgano delegado para resolver los recursos interpuestos en
+contra de los actos dictados por eÌ?l), por dos razones: primero, porque la
+norma habla de "recursos" sin distinguir, siendo que el delegado o
+cualquier otro oÌ?rgano que dicte un acto soÌ?lo puede pronunciarse respecto
+del de reposicioÌ?n y no del jeraÌ?rquico y, segundo, porque la declaracioÌ?n de
+este inciso es innecesaria toda vez que el delegado es siempre oÌ?rgano de la
+AdministracioÌ?n, sea que actuÌ?e o no con competencias propias o delegadas.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En seguida, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, en las
+indicaciones Nºs. 91, 92, 93 y 94, intercala a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 60
+(nuevo artiÌ?culo 59) cuatro nuevos preceptos cuya descripcioÌ?n, debate y
+acuerdos se consignan a continuacioÌ?n:
+
+
+ El precepto contenido en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 91 establece que el
+afectado, sin perjuicio de la viÌ?a administrativa, puede recurrir a la
+jurisdiccioÌ?n ordinaria, caso en el cual la AdministracioÌ?n queda inhibida de
+pronunciarse respecto de cualquier reclamo que se plantee sobre la materia
+a que se refiere el acto impugnado o alterar lo resuelto por ella respecto
+de eÌ?ste.
+
+
+ Agrega que la accioÌ?n de nulidad ante la jurisdiccioÌ?n ordinaria se
+tramitaraÌ? en juicio sumario, con traslado al oÌ?rgano que dictoÌ? el acto
+recurrido.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n descrita guarda correspondencia con parte de la
+indicacioÌ?n Nº 84, del mismo senÌ?or Senador, que proponiÌ?a suprimir el inciso
+tercero del artiÌ?culo 55 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 54) aprobado en general, el cual
+contiene las mismas prescripciones que esta indicacioÌ?n Nº 91 respecto del
+efecto inhibitorio que tiene para la AdministracioÌ?n la interposicioÌ?n de una
+accioÌ?n jurisdiccional. La referida indicacioÌ?n Nº 84, en lo que respecta a
+la supresioÌ?n del inciso tercero del nuevo artiÌ?culo 54 fue rechazada, razoÌ?n
+por la cual tambieÌ?n debe darse por rechazada la de este Nº 91, con el
+propoÌ?sito de no repetir dos veces el mismo precepto. AdemaÌ?s, la ComisioÌ?n
+estimoÌ? pertinente no innovar en lo que respecta a la segunda idea contenida
+en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 91, cual es la declaracioÌ?n de que la accioÌ?n anulatoria
+debe resolverse en juicio sumario, previo traslado a la AdministracioÌ?n, por
+la misma razoÌ?n aducida para suprimir el inciso final del nuevo artiÌ?culo 54
+(traslado al oÌ?rgano que dictoÌ? el acto impugnado).
+
+
+ Concurrieron a estos acuerdos los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y
+senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 92 consigna, a continuacioÌ?n del nuevo artiÌ?culo que
+sugeriÌ?a la indicacioÌ?n Nº 91, el epiÌ?grafe "PaÌ?rrafo Segundo. De las
+facultades de oficio de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado". Fue rechazada con el
+mismo quoÌ?rum que la precedente en concordancia con el criterio adoptado por
+la ComisioÌ?n de mantener la estructura del proyecto aprobado en general.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 93, incorpora en este nuevo paÌ?rrafo un precepto que
+faculta al autor del acto o a su superior jeraÌ?rquico para aclarar,
+modificar o extinguir sus disposiciones dentro de un anÌ?o contado desde su
+entrada en vigor.
+
+
+ Como quiera que parte del contenido de este precepto esteÌ? considerado
+en el artiÌ?culo 63 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 62) -en lo relativo a la aclaracioÌ?n del
+acto administrativo- que se aproboÌ? sin enmiendas, y que la potestad de
+extinguir sus efectos pugna con el principio de la irrevocabilidad de
+ciertos actos -los mencionados en el nuevo artiÌ?culo 61 seguÌ?n se diraÌ? a
+continuacioÌ?n- que tambieÌ?n se aproboÌ?, la ComisioÌ?n dio por rechazada esta
+indicacioÌ?n con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 94 sugiere darle una nueva ubicacioÌ?n al artiÌ?culo 63
+aprobado en general (antes del nuevo artiÌ?culo 60), y fue rechazada con la
+misma votacioÌ?n que la anterior conforme el criterio de mantener la
+correlacioÌ?n de artiÌ?culos del proyecto aprobado en general. El artiÌ?culo que
+esta indicacioÌ?n propone intercalar (el 63) se refiere a la facultad de la
+AdministracioÌ?n de aclarar un acto terminal, en cualquier momento, de oficio
+o a peticioÌ?n del interesado, si considera que hay en eÌ?l puntos dudosos u
+obscuros, y rectificar errores de copia, de referencia o caÌ?lculos
+numeÌ?ricos.
+
+
+ Fuera de la indicacioÌ?n en anaÌ?lisis, el precepto descrito (artiÌ?culo 63
+del texto original) no fue objeto de otras observaciones por lo que se
+incorpora al proyecto sin otra enmienda que la de signarlo como nuevo
+artiÌ?culo 62.
+
+
+
+24 ArtiÌ?culo 62
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 61.
+
+
+ Este precepto del proyecto aprobado en general autoriza la revocacioÌ?n
+de los actos administrativos por el oÌ?rgano que los dictoÌ?, con excepcioÌ?n de:
+
+
+ a) Los actos declarativos o creadores de derechos;
+
+
+ b) Aquellos respecto de los cuales la ley disponga otra forma de
+extincioÌ?n, o
+
+
+ c) Los que atendida su naturaleza, la ley impida dejar sin efecto.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 95, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, sugiere el reemplazo del texto descrito por otro que declara que
+los actos administrativos admiten revocacioÌ?n total o parcial, por razoÌ?n de
+oportunidad o conveniencia, en cualquier momento en que variÌ?en las
+circunstancias que lo motivaron.
+
+
+ La referida indicacioÌ?n fue rechazada con los votos de los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, quienes optaron
+por mantener las excepciones a la revocabilidad prevista en este nuevo
+artiÌ?culo 61.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 96, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don
+AndreÌ?s, propone consignar a continuacioÌ?n en el proyecto el epiÌ?grafe
+"CapiÌ?tulo IV. Del procedimiento de ejecucioÌ?n de los actos administrativos."
+
+
+ Fue rechazada con la misma votacioÌ?n que la precedente por similar
+razoÌ?n a la invocada respecto de otras que proponiÌ?an una nueva conformacioÌ?n
+para este proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 97, del mismo senÌ?or Senador autor de la anterior,
+agrega al proyecto un nuevo artiÌ?culo -incluido en el CapiÌ?tulo IV propuesto
+en la indicacioÌ?n Nº 96- que declara que los actos administrativos gozan de
+presuncioÌ?n de legalidad, imperio y exigibilidad desde su vigencia, y
+autorizan su ejecutoriedad, salvo que se decrete su suspensioÌ?n en el
+procedimiento impugnatorio o por orden del tribunal.
+
+
+ Si bien los principios mencionados en el precepto propuesto estaÌ?n
+reconocidos en el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico chileno, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ?
+oportuno reafirmarlos en este cuerpo legal y, en consecuencia, aproboÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n pero, como se dijo en su oportunidad, incluyoÌ? su texto como
+inciso final del artiÌ?culo 3º que se refiere al concepto del acto
+administrativo y las diversas formas que eÌ?ste adopta.
+
+
+ Se pronunciaron por su aprobacioÌ?n los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora
+Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en lo tocante al capiÌ?tulo propuesto, el Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or ZaldiÌ?var, don AndreÌ?s, ha formulado la indicacioÌ?n Nº 98 del BoletiÌ?n,
+por la que intercala un nuevo artiÌ?culo que prescribe que las prestaciones
+pecuniarias soÌ?lo podraÌ?n ejecutarse a traveÌ?s de la justicia ordinaria, salvo
+que se trate de pagos mal hechos a funcionarios puÌ?blicos que puedan
+establecerse por caÌ?lculos numeÌ?ricos que no importen estimacioÌ?n de lo
+debido.
+
+
+ Con los votos de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, la ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n pues ella
+estaÌ? concebida en teÌ?rminos amplios que afectan diversas situaciones en que
+es posible que la AdministracioÌ?n efectuÌ?e prestaciones pecuniarias sin la
+intervencioÌ?n de los tribunales. AdemaÌ?s, siempre queda a salvo el intereÌ?s
+del Estado, en caso de prestaciones irregulares, mediante las acciones que
+el ordenamiento autoriza interponer para perseguir las responsabilidades
+administrativas, civiles y penales pertinentes.
+
+
+
+25 ArtiÌ?culo 65
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 64.
+
+
+ Esta norma del texto aprobado en general regula el silencio positivo
+de la AdministracioÌ?n. Al efecto, dispone que si transcurre el plazo para
+que eÌ?sta resuelva acerca de una peticioÌ?n sin que lo haga, el interesado
+queda facultado para denunciar el incumplimiento ante la misma autoridad
+que debioÌ? pronunciarse. A la denuncia se acompanÌ?araÌ?n dos copias de su texto
+y de la solicitud que la motivoÌ?. La referida autoridad estamparaÌ? en una
+copia certificacioÌ?n de recibo de la denuncia que quedaraÌ? en poder del
+interesado y elevaraÌ? la restante a su superior jeraÌ?rquico dentro de 24
+horas.
+
+
+ Agrega en su inciso segundo que si la autoridad no se pronuncia
+dentro de un mes contado desde la recepcioÌ?n de la denuncia, la solicitud se
+entiende aceptada.
+
+
+ Respecto de este precepto se formularon las indicaciones Nºs. 99, de
+S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica; 100, del Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+Cariola, y 101, del ex Senador senÌ?or Urenda.
+
+
+ La indicacioÌ?n Nº 99 sustituye el precepto descrito por otro que
+dispone que si transcurre el plazo previsto para resolver acerca de una
+solicitud de autorizacioÌ?n, aprobacioÌ?n, concesioÌ?n o permiso sin que la
+AdministracioÌ?n se pronuncie, la correspondiente peticioÌ?n se entenderaÌ?
+concedida soÌ?lo si la ley mencionada en el artiÌ?culo 67 -nuevo texto del
+artiÌ?culo 66, que tambieÌ?n S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica propondraÌ?
+mediante la indicacioÌ?n Nº 103- lo senÌ?ala expresamente y si el interesado
+denuncia su incumplimiento. (En rigor, la mencioÌ?n a "la ley" que hace esta
+indicacioÌ?n debe entenderse hecha o "uno o maÌ?s decretos con fuerza de ley").
+
+
+ En un inciso segundo reproduce las normas de procedimiento contenidas
+en la segunda parte del inciso primero y la declaracioÌ?n de presuncioÌ?n
+acerca de la aceptacioÌ?n de lo solicitado consignada en el inciso segundo,
+ambos del artiÌ?culo 65 que la indicacioÌ?n en debate propone sustituir.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el inciso tercero del texto sustitutivo prescribe que las
+condiciones de la autorizacioÌ?n, aprobacioÌ?n, concesioÌ?n o permiso, seraÌ?n las
+senÌ?aladas en la correspondiente peticioÌ?n siempre que cumplan los requisitos
+exigidos por la ley.
+
+
+ Con la abstencioÌ?n del Honorable Senador senÌ?or NuÌ?nÌ?ez y con los votos
+de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero y
+Coloma, la ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por la redaccioÌ?n aprobada en el texto del primer
+informe y, en consecuencia, rechazoÌ? esta indicacioÌ?n. La razoÌ?n del rechazo
+se funda en que la indicacioÌ?n atribuye el efecto del silencio positivo a
+determinados actos administrativos y no como lo hace el proyecto, que se
+refiere geneÌ?ricamente a la solicitud del interesado. AdemaÌ?s, la indicacioÌ?n
+condiciona la aplicacioÌ?n del silencio positivo a la ley que asiÌ? lo permita.
+
+
+ Las indicaciones Nºs. 100 y 101, de igual tenor, sugieren agregar un
+inciso al artiÌ?culo 65 (nuevo artiÌ?culo 64) del texto aprobado en general,
+mediante el cual se prescribe que en el caso del inciso precedente (el que
+establece la presuncioÌ?n de aceptacioÌ?n de la solicitud) el interesado podraÌ?
+solicitar certificacioÌ?n de que su solicitud no ha sido resuelta dentro de
+plazo, certificacioÌ?n que se expediraÌ? sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite.
+
+
+ Ambas indicaciones fueron aprobadas por la unanimidad de los miembros
+presentes de la ComisioÌ?n, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, pues la norma que se propone en ellas le da contenido
+material a los efectos del silencio positivo, y es coherente con otra de
+similar naturaleza consignada para el silencio negativo. AdemaÌ?s, y en
+virtud del artiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento de la CorporacioÌ?n, se introdujeron
+las siguientes enmiendas al texto aprobado en general:
+
+
+ uno) Se complementoÌ? el inciso primero con una frase que reconoce al
+interesado que formula la denuncia, el derecho a requerir a la autoridad
+una decisioÌ?n sobre su solicitud.
+
+
+ dos) Se suprimioÌ? la exigencia de que el interesado acompanÌ?e a su
+denuncia dos copias de ella y de la solicitud en que recae, con el
+propoÌ?sito de agilizar este traÌ?mite, adecuaÌ?ndose al efecto la redaccioÌ?n de
+la norma. (Se reemplazoÌ? la voz "estampar" por "otorgar" para referirse al
+recibo de la denuncia).
+
+
+ tres) Como quiera que la ComisioÌ?n entiende que el oÌ?rgano que genera
+el silencio positivo es la autoridad competente para resolver sobre la
+solicitud, y no su superior jeraÌ?rquico, -a quien se eleva copia de la
+denuncia soÌ?lo para efectos de control y disciplina administrativa- se
+reemplazoÌ? el artiÌ?culo "La" con que se inicia la segunda frase del inciso
+primero, antes de la palabra "autoridad", por el vocablo "Dicha", y se
+intercaloÌ? en el inciso segundo, a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n "autoridad",
+la frase "que debiÌ?a resolver el asunto".
+
+
+ cuatro) Se redujo a cinco diÌ?as el plazo de un mes que estableciÌ?a el
+inciso segundo del precepto aprobado en general para pronunciarse respecto
+de la denuncia.
+
+
+ Los acuerdos precedentes fueron adoptados con los votos de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+26 ArtiÌ?culo 66
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 65.
+
+
+ El texto aprobado en general regula el silencio negativo. Este tiene
+lugar, y en consecuencia se entenderaÌ? rechazada una solicitud que no se
+resuelve dentro de plazo, si ella afecta el patrimonio fiscal. Igual efecto
+negativo se produce en el caso de que la AdministracioÌ?n deba actuar de
+oficio, cuando se pronuncie sobre impugnaciones o revisiones de actos
+administrativos, o se ejerza por un administrado el derecho de peticioÌ?n con
+arreglo al artiÌ?culo 19, Nº 14 de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+ Agrega que en estos casos, el interesado puede requerir se certifique
+que su solicitud no fue resuelta dentro de plazo, certificado que se
+extenderaÌ? sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite entendieÌ?ndose que a la fecha de su expedicioÌ?n
+empiezan a correr los plazos para interponer los recursos que correspondan.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 102, S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica sugiere
+reemplazar este artiÌ?culo por otro que atribuye el efecto del silencio
+negativo a las siguientes actuaciones:
+
+
+ 1) A las peticiones distintas de las recaiÌ?das en una autorizacioÌ?n,
+aprobacioÌ?n, concesioÌ?n o permiso. (En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 99, el Ejecutivo
+reconoce el efecto del silencio positivo a estas peticiones);
+
+
+ 2) A las que afectan el patrimonio fiscal;
+
+
+ 3) A las que recaen en procedimientos en que la AdministracioÌ?n actuÌ?a
+de oficio, o cuando deba pronunciarse sobre impugnaciones o revisioÌ?n de
+actos administrativos sin que lo haga.
+
+
+ (Cual se advierte, la indicacioÌ?n difiere del texto aprobado en
+general en que este uÌ?ltimo no incluye expresamente en el efecto del
+silencio negativo las actuaciones enunciadas en el nuÌ?mero 1) precedente.
+Pero la indicacioÌ?n tampoco atribuye dicho efecto -como lo hace el proyecto
+aprobado en general- o la inactividad de la AdministracioÌ?n encargada de
+ocuparse de una peticioÌ?n formulada en virtud del artiÌ?culo 19 Nº 14 de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica).
+
+
+ En lo demaÌ?s, la indicacioÌ?n sustitutiva reproduce con variaciones de
+redaccioÌ?n el texto del inciso segundo del artiÌ?culo 66 aprobado en general.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de lo actuado respecto de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 99 -que
+guarda conexioÌ?n con el contenido de la indicacioÌ?n Nº 102 en debate- la
+ComisioÌ?n rechazoÌ? esta uÌ?ltima con los votos de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+27 ArtiÌ?culo 67
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 66.
+
+
+ El precepto aprobado en general para este artiÌ?culo dispone que los
+actos administrativos que concluyan por aplicacioÌ?n del silencio positivo o
+del silencio negativo tendraÌ?n los mismos efectos que los que culminan por
+resolucioÌ?n expresa, desde la fecha de la respectiva certificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 103, S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica sugiere
+la sustitucioÌ?n de este artiÌ?culo por otro que faculta al Ejecutivo para
+dictar uno o maÌ?s decretos con fuerza de ley, que llevaraÌ?n las firmas de los
+Ministros que senÌ?ala, para determinar las autorizaciones, concesiones y
+permisos que podraÌ?n ser objeto del silencio positivo.
+
+
+ Agrega que para ejercer esta facultad el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica
+podraÌ? fijar o modificar plazos, pero no ampliar los existentes o establecer
+procedimientos distintos a los regulados por la ley.
+
+
+ Como quiera que, seguÌ?n se dijo, se rechazoÌ? la indicacioÌ?n Nº 99,
+presupuesto necesario para la aprobacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta, la ComisioÌ?n tambieÌ?n se
+pronuncioÌ? en contra de ella con los votos de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 104, S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica propone
+incluir una norma nueva al texto aprobado en general mediante la cual se le
+delegan facultades para dictar, en el plazo de seis meses contado desde la
+publicacioÌ?n de esta ley, los decretos con fuerza de ley que reduzcan los
+plazos que rigen el otorgamiento de patentes municipales (DL Nº 3.063, de
+1979); los permisos y estudios de impacto vial; y los certificados y
+recepcioÌ?n de obras indicados en el TiÌ?tulo III de la Ley General de
+Urbanismo y Construcciones.
+
+
+ Agrega que el Ejecutivo podraÌ? fijar o modificar plazos, sin que eÌ?stos
+excedan de noventa diÌ?as, ni ampliar los existentes. Finalmente, propone que
+en el ejercicio de la facultad que este precepto le entrega, el Ejecutivo
+no podraÌ? establecer nuevos procedimientos distintos a los regulados por la
+ley.
+
+
+ Esta indicacioÌ?n contoÌ? con la aprobacioÌ?n unaÌ?nime de la ComisioÌ?n
+(Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez) la que se la prestoÌ? con la sola enmienda de extender a un anÌ?o la
+facultad delegada. (Nuevo artiÌ?culo 67 del texto que se propondraÌ? a la
+consideracioÌ?n de la Sala).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En la indicacioÌ?n Nº 105, el Ejecutivo tambieÌ?n sugiere la
+incorporacioÌ?n de un precepto que lo faculta para dictar un decreto con
+fuerza de ley que determine, conforme lo dispone el artiÌ?culo 7º del CoÌ?digo
+Sanitario, las materias que requieran de autorizacioÌ?n sanitaria expresa y
+de los elementos centrales del procedimiento de tramitacioÌ?n de las mismas,
+para simplificar dicho procedimiento y reducir los plazos de tramitacioÌ?n de
+aqueÌ?llas.
+
+
+ Con igual votacioÌ?n que la precedente, la ComisioÌ?n aproboÌ? esta
+indicacioÌ?n sin enmiendas. Se incorpora al proyecto como artiÌ?culo 68.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Mediante la indicacioÌ?n Nº 106, S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica
+tambieÌ?n solicita facultades legislativas delegadas para modificar el
+sistema destinado a calificar ambientalmente un estudio o una declaracioÌ?n
+de impacto ambiental de la ley Nº 19.300, para simplificarlo y reducir sus
+plazos de tramitacioÌ?n. Este uÌ?ltimo no podraÌ? exceder de 90 diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Al igual que la anterior, y con la misma unanimidad, la ComisioÌ?n
+aproboÌ? este nuevo precepto -artiÌ?culo 69- en los teÌ?rminos propuestos, sin
+enmiendas.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Finalmente, en las indicaciones Nºs. 107 y 108, del Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or Cariola y del ex Senador senÌ?or Urenda, respectivamente, se sugiere la
+agregacioÌ?n de un artiÌ?culo transitorio que prescribe que esta ley regiraÌ?
+seis meses despueÌ?s de su publicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La ComisioÌ?n optoÌ? por no innovar en esta materia por lo que, con la
+unanimidad de sus miembros, Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, rechazoÌ? ambas proposiciones.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En virtud de las explicaciones precedentes esta ComisioÌ?n tiene
+a honra someter a la consideracioÌ?n de la Sala el proyecto aprobado en
+general, con las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+
+28 ArtiÌ?culo 3º
+
+
+ Introducir las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ uno) Intercalar en su inciso primero, a continuacioÌ?n de la palabra "
+decisiones" la expresioÌ?n " escritas".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 7).
+
+
+ dos) Agregar el siguiente inciso final:
+
+
+ "Los actos administrativos gozan de una presuncioÌ?n de legalidad, de
+imperio y exigibilidad frente a sus destinatarios, desde su entrada en
+vigencia, autorizando su ejecucioÌ?n de oficio por la autoridad
+administrativa, salvo que mediare una orden de suspensioÌ?n dispuesta por la
+autoridad administrativa dentro del procedimiento impugnatorio o por el
+juez, conociendo por la viÌ?a jurisdiccional.".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 97).
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 4º
+
+
+ Incorporar, a continuacioÌ?n de la palabra "impugnabilidad" el
+teÌ?rmino "transparencia".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 12).
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 5º
+
+
+ Reemplazar, las expresiones "se produciraÌ?n" que antecede a la
+frase "por escrito o por medios electroÌ?nicos" por las de "se expresaraÌ?n".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. ArtiÌ?culo 121del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 7º
+
+
+ Incorporar el siguiente inciso segundo, nuevo, pasado el actual
+inciso segundo a ser inciso tercero :
+
+
+ "Las autoridades y funcionarios de los oÌ?rganos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado deberaÌ?n actuar por propia iniciativa en la
+iniciacioÌ?n del procedimiento de que se trate y en su prosecucioÌ?n, haciendo
+expeditos los traÌ?mites que debe cumplir el expediente y removiendo todo
+obstaÌ?culo que pudiere afectar a su pronta y debida decisioÌ?n.".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 13).
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 12
+
+
+ Agregar los siguientes incisos quinto y sexto, nuevos:
+
+
+ "En los casos previstos en los incisos precedentes podraÌ? promoverse
+inhabilitacioÌ?n por los interesados en cualquier momento de la tramitacioÌ?n
+del procedimiento.
+
+
+ La inhabilitacioÌ?n se plantearaÌ? ante la misma autoridad o
+funcionario afectado, por escrito, en el que se expresaraÌ? la causa o causas
+en que se funda. ".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 22. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+28.1 ArtiÌ?culo 13
+
+
+ Suprimirlo.
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 22. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+29 ArtiÌ?culo 14
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 13, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 15.
+
+
+ Introducir a su texto las siguientes enmiendas:
+
+
+ Uno) En su inciso primero, suprimir la frase "que ponga teÌ?rmino
+a un procedimiento,".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 27).
+
+
+ Dos) En su inciso segundo, anteponer como inicio del mismo, las
+expresiones "Sin embargo,"
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 27. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 17
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 16.
+
+
+ Intercalar, en su epiÌ?grafe, a continuacioÌ?n de las palabras
+"Principio de" los vocablos "Transparencia y".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 30).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 18
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 17.
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 17.- Derechos de las personas. Las personas, en sus
+relaciones con la AdministracioÌ?n, tienen derecho a:
+
+
+ a) Conocer, en cualquier momento, el estado de la tramitacioÌ?n de los
+procedimientos en los que tengan la condicioÌ?n de interesados, y obtener
+copia autorizada de los documentos que rolan en el expediente y la
+devolucioÌ?n de los originales, salvo que por mandato legal o reglamentario
+eÌ?stos deban ser acompanÌ?ados a los autos, a su costa;
+
+
+ b) Identificar a las autoridades y al personal al servicio de la
+AdministracioÌ?n, bajo cuya responsabilidad se tramiten los procedimientos;
+
+
+ c) Eximirse de presentar documentos que no correspondan al
+procedimiento, o que ya se encuentren en poder de la AdministracioÌ?n;
+
+
+ d) Acceder a los actos administrativos y sus documentos, en los
+teÌ?rminos previstos en la ley;
+
+
+ e) Ser tratados con respeto y deferencia por las autoridades y
+funcionarios, que habraÌ?n de facilitarles el ejercicio de sus derechos y el
+cumplimiento de sus obligaciones. Los actos de instruccioÌ?n que requieran la
+intervencioÌ?n de los interesados habraÌ?n de practicarse en la forma que
+resulte maÌ?s coÌ?moda para ellos y sea compatible, en la medida de lo posible,
+con sus obligaciones laborales o profesionales;
+
+
+ f) Formular alegaciones y aportar documentos en cualquier fase del
+procedimiento anterior al traÌ?mite de audiencia, que deberaÌ?n ser tenidos en
+cuenta por el oÌ?rgano competente al redactar la propuesta de resolucioÌ?n;
+
+
+ g) Exigir las responsabilidades de la AdministracioÌ?n PuÌ?blica y del
+personal a su servicio, cuando asiÌ? corresponda legalmente;
+
+
+ h) Obtener informacioÌ?n acerca de los requisitos juriÌ?dicos o teÌ?cnicos
+que las disposiciones vigentes impongan a los proyectos, actuaciones o
+solicitudes que se propongan realizar, e
+
+
+ i) Cualesquiera otros que les reconozcan la ConstitucioÌ?n y las
+leyes.".
+
+(Unanimidad 4x0. Indicaciones Nºs. 32 y 33).
+
+
+
+ArtiÌ?culo 19
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 18.
+
+
+ Suprimir su inciso final.
+
+(Unanimidad 3x0. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 19.
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 19.- UtilizacioÌ?n de medios electroÌ?nicos. El procedimiento
+administrativo podraÌ? realizarse a traveÌ?s de teÌ?cnicas y medios electroÌ?nicos.
+
+
+ Los oÌ?rganos de la AdministracioÌ?n procuraraÌ?n proveerse de los
+medios compatibles para ello, ajustaÌ?ndose al procedimiento regulado por
+las leyes.".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; y
+33 pasan a ser 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31 y 32
+respectivamente, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+30 ArtiÌ?culo 34
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 33.
+
+
+ Intercalar en su inciso primero, a continuacioÌ?n de la frase
+"podraÌ? disponer su acumulacioÌ?n a otros" las expresiones "maÌ?s antiguos".
+
+(Unanimidad 3x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 61).
+
+
+
+31 ArtiÌ?culo 35
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 34.
+
+
+ Suprimir su inciso final.
+
+(Unanimidad 4x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 63).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41;42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47 y
+48 pasan a ser artiÌ?culos 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; y
+47, respectivamente, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+32 ArtiÌ?culo 49
+
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 48.
+
+
+ En su letra c) reemplazar el numeral "42" por "45".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+
+33 ArtiÌ?culos 50 y 51
+
+
+ Pasan a ser artiÌ?culos 49 y 50, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+
+34 ArtiÌ?culo 52
+
+
+35 Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 51.
+
+
+ Agregar el siguiente inciso segundo, nuevo:
+
+
+ "Los decretos y las resoluciones produciraÌ?n efectos juriÌ?dicos
+desde su notificacioÌ?n o publicacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n sean de contenido individual o
+general.".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 73).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+36 ArtiÌ?culos 53 y 54
+
+
+ Pasan a ser artiÌ?culos 52 y 53, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+
+37 ArtiÌ?culo 55
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 54.
+
+
+ Suprimir su inciso final.
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. Indicaciones Nºs. 83 y 84).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 56, 57, 58 y 59 pasan a ser artiÌ?culos 55, 56, 57 y 58,
+respectivamente, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+38 ArtiÌ?culo 60
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 59.
+
+
+ Suprimir su inciso tercero.
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 61, 62, 63 y 64 pasan a ser 60; 61; 62; y 63,
+respectivamente, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+
+39 ArtiÌ?culo 65
+
+
+ Pasa a ser artiÌ?culo 64.
+
+
+ Sustituirlo por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 64.- Silencio Positivo. Transcurrido el plazo legal
+para resolver acerca de una solicitud que haya originado un procedimiento,
+sin que la AdministracioÌ?n se pronuncie sobre ella, el interesado podraÌ?
+denunciar el incumplimiento de dicho plazo ante la autoridad que debiÌ?a
+resolver el asunto, requirieÌ?ndole una decisioÌ?n acerca de su solicitud.
+Dicha autoridad deberaÌ? otorgar recibo de la denuncia, con expresioÌ?n de su
+fecha, y elevar copia de ella a su superior jeraÌ?rquico dentro del plazo
+de 24 horas.
+
+
+ Si la autoridad que debiÌ?a resolver el asunto no se pronuncia en el
+plazo de cinco diÌ?as contados desde la recepcioÌ?n de la denuncia, la
+solicitud del interesado se entenderaÌ? aceptada.
+
+
+ En los casos del inciso precedente, el interesado podraÌ? pedir que se
+certifique que su solicitud no ha sido resuelta dentro del plazo legal.
+Dicho certificado seraÌ? expedido sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite.".
+
+(Unanimidad 3x0. Indicaciones Nºs. 100 y 101. ArtiÌ?culo 121 del Reglamento).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Los artiÌ?culos 66 y 67 pasan a ser artiÌ?culos 65 y 66,
+respectivamente, sin enmiendas.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Agregar a continuacioÌ?n los siguientes artiÌ?culos, nuevos:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 67.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para que
+en el plazo de un anÌ?o, contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley en el
+Diario Oficial, mediante uno o maÌ?s decretos con fuerza de ley del
+Ministerio SecretariÌ?a General de la Presidencia, que deberaÌ? llevar tambieÌ?n
+la firma del Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, del Ministro
+de Vivienda y Urbanismo, del Ministro de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones y
+del Ministro del Interior, reduzca los plazos de los procedimientos
+administrativos que rigen el otorgamiento de las patentes municipales
+senÌ?aladas en el decreto ley Nº 3.063, de 1979; y los permisos, estudios de
+impacto vial, certificados y recepcioÌ?n de obras de construccioÌ?n y urbanismo
+que se indican en el TiÌ?tulo III de la Ley General de Urbanismo y
+Construcciones.
+
+
+
+ Para el adecuado cumplimiento de esta obligacioÌ?n, el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica podraÌ? fijar o modificar plazos, sin que eÌ?stos
+puedan durar maÌ?s de noventa diÌ?as ni que se ampliÌ?en los ya existentes. En
+ninguÌ?n caso, se podraÌ?n establecer etapas o procedimientos distintos a los
+establecidos por la ley.".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 104).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 68.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica
+para que en el plazo de un anÌ?o, contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley en
+el Diario Oficial, mediante un decreto con fuerza de ley expedido a traveÌ?s
+del Ministerio de Salud, y con la firma del Ministro Secretario General de
+la Presidencia, determine las materias que, conforme a lo dispuesto en el
+artiÌ?culo 7º del CoÌ?digo Sanitario, requieren de autorizacioÌ?n sanitaria
+expresa y de los elementos centrales de procedimiento de tramitacioÌ?n de la
+misma, con el propoÌ?sito de simplificarlo y reducir sus plazos de
+tramitacioÌ?n.
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 105).
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 69.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para
+que en el plazo de un anÌ?o, mediante un decreto con fuerza de ley del
+Ministerio SecretariÌ?a General de la Presidencia, modifique el sistema
+destinado a calificar ambientalmente un estudio o una declaracioÌ?n de
+impacto ambiental de la ley Nº 19.300, con el propoÌ?sito de simplificarlo y
+reducir sus plazos de tramitacioÌ?n. En ninguÌ?n caso, el plazo total de
+tramitacioÌ?n podraÌ? exceder de noventa diÌ?as.".
+
+(Unanimidad 5x0. IndicacioÌ?n Nº 106).
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En virtud de las modificaciones consignadas en los paÌ?rrafos
+precedentes, esta ComisioÌ?n tiene a honra proponer a la Sala la aprobacioÌ?n
+del siguiente:
+
+
+
+ PROYECTO DE LEY:
+
+
+ CAPIÌ?TULO I
+
+ Disposiciones Generales.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- Procedimiento Administrativo. La presente ley establece
+y regula las bases del procedimiento administrativo de los actos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado. En caso de que la ley establezca procedimientos
+administrativos especiales, la presente ley se aplicaraÌ? con caraÌ?cter de
+supletoria.
+
+
+ La toma de razoÌ?n de los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado se
+regiraÌ?n por lo dispuesto en la ConstitucioÌ?n y en la Ley OrgaÌ?nica
+Constitucional de la ContraloriÌ?a General de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- AÌ?mbito de aplicacioÌ?n. Las disposiciones de la presente
+ley seraÌ?n aplicables a los ministerios, las intendencias, las gobernaciones
+y los servicios puÌ?blicos creados para el cumplimiento de la funcioÌ?n
+administrativa. TambieÌ?n se aplicaraÌ?n a la ContraloriÌ?a General de la
+RepuÌ?blica, a las Fuerzas Armadas y a las Fuerzas de Orden y Seguridad
+PuÌ?blicas, a los gobiernos regionales y a las municipalidades.
+
+
+ Las referencias que esta ley haga a la AdministracioÌ?n o a la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado, se entenderaÌ?n efectuadas a los oÌ?rganos y
+organismos senÌ?alados en el inciso precedente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 3º.- Concepto de Acto administrativo. Las decisiones
+escritas que adopte la AdministracioÌ?n se expresaraÌ?n por medio de actos
+administrativos.
+
+
+ Para efectos de esta ley se entenderaÌ? por acto administrativo las
+decisiones formales que emitan los oÌ?rganos de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado
+en las cuales se contienen declaraciones de voluntad, realizadas en el
+ejercicio de una potestad puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Los actos administrativos tomaraÌ?n la forma de decretos supremos y
+resoluciones.
+
+
+ El decreto supremo es la orden escrita que dicta el Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica o un Ministro "Por orden del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica", sobre
+asuntos propios de su competencia.
+
+
+ Las resoluciones son los actos de anaÌ?loga naturaleza que dictan las
+autoridades administrativas dotadas de poder de decisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Constituyen, tambieÌ?n, actos administrativos los dictaÌ?menes o
+declaraciones de juicio, constancia o conocimiento que realicen los oÌ?rganos
+de la AdministracioÌ?n en el ejercicio de sus competencias.
+
+
+ Las decisiones de los oÌ?rganos administrativos pluripersonales se
+denominan acuerdos y se llevan a efecto por medio de resoluciones de la
+autoridad ejecutiva de la entidad correspondiente.
+
+
+ Los actos administrativos gozan de una presuncioÌ?n de legalidad, de
+imperio y exigibilidad frente a sus destinatarios, desde su entrada en
+vigencia, autorizando su ejecucioÌ?n de oficio por la autoridad
+administrativa, salvo que mediare una orden de suspensioÌ?n dispuesta por la
+autoridad administrativa dentro del procedimiento impugnatorio o por el
+juez, conociendo por la viÌ?a jurisdiccional.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º.- Principios del procedimiento. El procedimiento
+administrativo estaraÌ? sometido a los principios de escrituracioÌ?n,
+gratuidad, celeridad, conclusivo, economiÌ?a procedimental,
+contradictoriedad, imparcialidad, abstencioÌ?n, no formalizacioÌ?n,
+inexcusabilidad, impugnabilidad, transparencia y publicidad.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 5º.- Principio de escrituracioÌ?n. El procedimiento
+administrativo y los actos administrativos a los cuales da origen, se
+expresaraÌ?n por escrito o por medios electroÌ?nicos, a menos que su naturaleza
+exija o permita otra forma maÌ?s adecuada de expresioÌ?n y constancia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 6º.- Principio de gratuidad. En el procedimiento
+administrativo, las actuaciones que deban practicar los oÌ?rganos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado seraÌ?n gratuitas para los interesados, salvo
+disposicioÌ?n legal en contrario.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º.- Principio de celeridad. El procedimiento, sometido al
+criterio de celeridad, se impulsaraÌ? de oficio en todos sus traÌ?mites.
+
+
+ Las autoridades y funcionarios de los oÌ?rganos de la AdministracioÌ?n
+del Estado deberaÌ?n actuar por propia iniciativa en la iniciacioÌ?n del
+procedimiento de que se trate y en su prosecucioÌ?n, haciendo expeditos los
+traÌ?mites que debe cumplir el expediente y removiendo todo obstaÌ?culo que
+pudiere afectar a su pronta y debida decisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En el despacho de los expedientes originados en una solicitud o en el
+ejercicio de un derecho se guardaraÌ? el orden riguroso de ingreso en asuntos
+de similar naturaleza, salvo que por el titular de la unidad administrativa
+se deÌ? orden motivada en contrario, de la que quede constancia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 8º.- Principio conclusivo. Todo el procedimiento
+administrativo estaÌ? destinado a que la AdministracioÌ?n dicte un acto
+decisorio que se pronuncie sobre la cuestioÌ?n de fondo y en el cual exprese
+su voluntad.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 9º.- Principio de economiÌ?a procedimental. La AdministracioÌ?n
+debe responder a la maÌ?xima economiÌ?a de medios con eficacia, evitando
+traÌ?mites dilatorios.
+
+
+ Se decidiraÌ?n en un soÌ?lo acto todos los traÌ?mites que, por su
+naturaleza, admitan un impulso simultaÌ?neo, siempre que no sea obligatorio
+su cumplimiento sucesivo.
+
+
+ Al solicitar los traÌ?mites que deban ser cumplidos por otros oÌ?rganos,
+deberaÌ? consignarse en la comunicacioÌ?n cursada el plazo establecido al
+efecto.
+
+
+ Las cuestiones incidentales que se susciten en el procedimiento,
+incluso las que se refieran a la nulidad de actuaciones, no suspenderaÌ?n la
+tramitacioÌ?n del mismo, a menos que la AdministracioÌ?n, por resolucioÌ?n
+fundada, determine lo contrario.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 10.- Principio de contradictoriedad. Los interesados podraÌ?n,
+en cualquier momento del procedimiento, aducir alegaciones y aportar
+documentos u otros elementos de juicio.
+
+
+ Los interesados podraÌ?n, en todo momento, alegar defectos de
+tramitacioÌ?n, especialmente los que supongan paralizacioÌ?n, infraccioÌ?n de los
+plazos senÌ?alados o la omisioÌ?n de traÌ?mites que pueden ser subsanados antes
+de la resolucioÌ?n definitiva del asunto. Dichas alegaciones podraÌ?n dar
+lugar, si hubiere razones para ello, a la exigencia de la correspondiente
+responsabilidad disciplinaria.
+
+
+ Los interesados podraÌ?n, en todo caso, actuar asistidos de asesor
+cuando lo consideren conveniente en defensa de sus intereses.
+
+
+ En cualquier caso, el oÌ?rgano instructor adoptaraÌ? las medidas
+necesarias para lograr el pleno respeto a los principios de contradiccioÌ?n y
+de igualdad de los interesados en el procedimiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 11.- Principio de imparcialidad. La AdministracioÌ?n debe
+actuar con objetividad y respetar el principio de probidad consagrado en la
+legislacioÌ?n, tanto en la substanciacioÌ?n del procedimiento como en las
+decisiones que adopte.
+
+
+ Los hechos y fundamentos de derecho deberaÌ?n siempre expresarse en
+aquellos actos que afectaren los derechos de los particulares, sea que los
+limiten, restrinjan, priven de ellos, perturben o amenacen su legiÌ?timo
+ejercicio, asiÌ? como aquellos que resuelvan recursos administrativos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 12.- Principio de abstencioÌ?n. Las autoridades y los
+funcionarios de la AdministracioÌ?n en quienes se den algunas de las
+circunstancias senÌ?aladas a continuacioÌ?n, se abstendraÌ?n de intervenir en el
+procedimiento y lo comunicaraÌ?n a su superior inmediato, quien resolveraÌ? lo
+procedente.
+
+
+ Son motivos de abstencioÌ?n los siguientes:
+
+
+ 1. Tener intereÌ?s personal en el asunto de que se trate o en otro en
+cuya resolucioÌ?n pudiera influir la de aqueÌ?l; ser administrador de sociedad
+o entidad interesada, o tener cuestioÌ?n litigiosa pendiente con alguÌ?n
+interesado.
+
+
+ 2. Tener parentesco de consanguinidad dentro del cuarto grado o de
+afinidad dentro del segundo, con cualquiera de los interesados, con los
+administradores de entidades o sociedades interesadas y tambieÌ?n con los
+asesores, representantes legales o mandatarios que intervengan en el
+procedimiento, asiÌ? como compartir despacho profesional o estar asociado con
+eÌ?stos para el asesoramiento, la representacioÌ?n o el mandato.
+
+
+ 3. Tener amistad iÌ?ntima o enemistad manifiesta con alguna de las
+personas mencionadas anteriormente.
+
+
+ 4. Haber tenido intervencioÌ?n como perito o como testigo en el
+procedimiento de que se trate.
+
+
+ 5. Tener relacioÌ?n de servicio con persona natural o juriÌ?dica
+interesada directamente en el asunto, o haberle prestado en los dos uÌ?ltimos
+anÌ?os servicios profesionales de cualquier tipo y en cualquier circunstancia
+o lugar.
+
+
+ La actuacioÌ?n de autoridades y los funcionarios de la AdministracioÌ?n
+en los que concurran motivos de abstencioÌ?n no implicaraÌ?, necesariamente, la
+invalidez de los actos en que hayan intervenido.
+
+
+ La no abstencioÌ?n en los casos en que proceda daraÌ? lugar a
+responsabilidad.
+
+
+ En los casos previstos en los incisos precedentes podraÌ? promoverse
+inhabilitacioÌ?n por los interesados en cualquier momento de la tramitacioÌ?n
+del procedimiento.
+
+
+ La inhabilitacioÌ?n se plantearaÌ? ante la misma autoridad o funcionario
+afectado, por escrito, en el que se expresaraÌ? la causa o causas en que se
+funda.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 13.- Principio de la no formalizacioÌ?n. El procedimiento debe
+desarrollarse con sencillez y eficacia, de modo que las formalidades que se
+exijan sean aquellas indispensables para dejar constancia indubitada de lo
+actuado y evitar perjuicios a los particulares.
+
+
+ El vicio de procedimiento o de forma soÌ?lo afecta la validez del acto
+administrativo cuando recae en alguÌ?n requisito esencial del mismo, sea por
+su naturaleza o por mandato del ordenamiento juriÌ?dico y genera perjuicio al
+interesado.
+
+
+ La AdministracioÌ?n podraÌ? subsanar los vicios de que adolezcan los
+actos que emita, siempre que con ello no se afectaren intereses de
+terceros.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 14.- Principio de inexcusabilidad. La AdministracioÌ?n estaraÌ?
+obligada a dictar resolucioÌ?n expresa en todos los procedimientos y a
+notificarla, cualquiera que sea su forma de iniciacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Requerido un oÌ?rgano de la AdministracioÌ?n para intervenir en un asunto
+que no sea de su competencia, enviaraÌ? de inmediato los antecedentes a la
+autoridad que deba conocer seguÌ?n el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico, informando de
+ello al interesado.
+
+
+ En los casos de prescripcioÌ?n, renuncia del derecho, abandono del
+procedimiento o desistimiento de la solicitud, asiÌ? como la desaparicioÌ?n
+sobreviniente del objeto del procedimiento, la resolucioÌ?n consistiraÌ? en la
+declaracioÌ?n de la circunstancia que concurra en cada caso, con indicacioÌ?n
+de los hechos producidos y las normas aplicables.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 15.- Principio de impugnabilidad. Todo acto administrativo
+es impugnable por el interesado mediante los recursos administrativos de
+reposicioÌ?n y jeraÌ?rquico, regulados en esta ley, sin perjuicio del recurso
+extraordinario de revisioÌ?n y de los demaÌ?s recursos que establezcan las
+leyes especiales.
+
+
+ Sin embargo, los actos de mero traÌ?mite son impugnables soÌ?lo cuando
+determinen la imposibilidad de continuar un procedimiento o produzcan
+indefensioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La autoridad que acogiere un recurso interpuesto en contra de un acto
+administrativo, podraÌ? dictar por siÌ? misma el acto de reemplazo.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 16.- Principio de Transparencia y de Publicidad. El
+procedimiento administrativo se realizaraÌ? con transparencia, de manera que
+permita y promueva el conocimiento, contenidos y fundamentos de las
+decisiones que se adopten en eÌ?l.
+
+
+ En consecuencia, salvo las excepciones establecidas por la ley o el
+reglamento, son puÌ?blicos los actos administrativos de los oÌ?rganos de la
+AdministracioÌ?n del Estado y los documentos que le sirvan de sustento o
+complemento directo o esencial.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 17.- Derechos de las personas. Las personas, en sus
+relaciones con la AdministracioÌ?n, tienen derecho a:
+
+
+ a) Conocer, en cualquier momento, el estado de la tramitacioÌ?n de los
+procedimientos en los que tengan la condicioÌ?n de interesados, y obtener
+copia autorizada de los documentos que rolan en el expediente y la
+devolucioÌ?n de los originales, salvo que por mandato legal o reglamentario
+eÌ?stos deban ser acompanÌ?ados a los autos, a su costa;
+
+
+ b) Identificar a las autoridades y al personal al servicio de la
+AdministracioÌ?n, bajo cuya responsabilidad se tramiten los procedimientos;
+
+
+ c) Eximirse de presentar documentos que no correspondan al
+procedimiento, o que ya se encuentren en poder de la AdministracioÌ?n;
+
+
+ d) Acceder a los actos administrativos y sus documentos, en los
+teÌ?rminos previstos en la ley;
+
+
+ e) Ser tratados con respeto y deferencia por las autoridades y
+funcionarios, que habraÌ?n de facilitarles el ejercicio de sus derechos y el
+cumplimiento de sus obligaciones. Los actos de instruccioÌ?n que requieran la
+intervencioÌ?n de los interesados habraÌ?n de practicarse en la forma que
+resulte maÌ?s coÌ?moda para ellos y sea compatible, en la medida de lo posible,
+con sus obligaciones laborales o profesionales;
+
+
+ f) Formular alegaciones y aportar documentos en cualquier fase del
+procedimiento anterior al traÌ?mite de audiencia, que deberaÌ?n ser tenidos en
+cuenta por el oÌ?rgano competente al redactar la propuesta de resolucioÌ?n;
+
+
+ g) Exigir las responsabilidades de la AdministracioÌ?n PuÌ?blica y del
+personal a su servicio, cuando asiÌ? corresponda legalmente;
+
+
+ h) Obtener informacioÌ?n acerca de los requisitos juriÌ?dicos o teÌ?cnicos
+que las disposiciones vigentes impongan a los proyectos, actuaciones o
+solicitudes que se propongan realizar, e
+
+
+ i) Cualesquiera otros que les reconozcan la ConstitucioÌ?n y las leyes.
+
+
+
+
+
+39.1 CAPIÌ?TULO II
+
+ El procedimiento administrativo.
+
+ PaÌ?rrafo 1º
+
+ Normas baÌ?sicas.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 18.- DefinicioÌ?n. El procedimiento administrativo es una
+sucesioÌ?n de actos traÌ?mite vinculados entre siÌ?, emanados de la
+AdministracioÌ?n y, en su caso, de particulares interesados, que tiene por
+finalidad producir un acto administrativo terminal.
+
+
+ El procedimiento administrativo consta de las siguientes etapas:
+iniciacioÌ?n, instruccioÌ?n y finalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Todo el procedimiento administrativo deberaÌ? constar en un expediente,
+escrito o electroÌ?nico.
+
+
+ Cada oÌ?rgano administrativo estaraÌ? obligado a llevar un
+registro en el que se asentaraÌ?n copias de los documentos presentados por
+los interesados, por terceros y por otros oÌ?rganos puÌ?blicos, con expresioÌ?n
+de la fecha y hora de su recepcioÌ?n, respetando su orden de ingreso.
+
+
+ En el mismo registro se asentaraÌ?n copias de los documentos y de las
+comunicaciones que el oÌ?rgano administrativo remita a los interesados, a
+terceros o a otros oÌ?rganos puÌ?blicos, con expresioÌ?n de la fecha y hora de su
+enviÌ?o, en estricto orden de egreso.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 19.- UtilizacioÌ?n de medios electroÌ?nicos. El procedimiento
+administrativo podraÌ? realizarse a traveÌ?s de teÌ?cnicas y medios
+electroÌ?nicos.
+
+
+ Los oÌ?rganos de la AdministracioÌ?n procuraraÌ?n proveerse de los medios
+compatibles para ello, ajustaÌ?ndose al procedimiento regulado por las
+leyes.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 20.- Capacidad para actuar. TendraÌ?n capacidad de actuar ante
+la AdministracioÌ?n, ademaÌ?s de las personas que gocen de ella o la ejerzan
+con arreglo a las normas generales, los menores de edad para el ejercicio y
+defensa de aquellos de sus derechos e intereses cuya actuacioÌ?n esteÌ?
+permitida por el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico-administrativo sin la asistencia de
+la persona que ejerza la patria potestad, tutela o curatela. Se exceptuÌ?a el
+supuesto de los menores incapacitados, cuando la extensioÌ?n de la
+incapacitacioÌ?n afecte al ejercicio y defensa de los derechos o intereses de
+que se trate.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 21.- Interesados. Se consideran interesados en el
+procedimiento administrativo:
+
+
+ 1. Quienes lo promuevan como titulares de derechos o intereses
+individuales o colectivos.
+
+
+ 2. Los que, sin haber iniciado el procedimiento, tengan derechos que
+puedan resultar afectados por la decisioÌ?n que en el mismo se adopte.
+
+
+ 3. Aquellos cuyos intereses, individuales o colectivos, puedan
+resultar afectados por la resolucioÌ?n y se apersonen en el procedimiento en
+tanto no haya recaiÌ?do resolucioÌ?n definitiva.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 22.- Apoderados. Los interesados podraÌ?n actuar por medio de
+apoderados, entendieÌ?ndose que eÌ?stos tienen todas las facultades necesarias
+para la consecucioÌ?n del acto administrativo, salvo manifestacioÌ?n expresa en
+contrario.
+
+
+ El poder deberaÌ? constar en escritura puÌ?blica o documento privado
+suscrito ante notario. Se requeriraÌ? siempre de escritura puÌ?blica cuando el
+acto administrativo de que se trate produzca efectos que exijan esa
+solemnidad.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 23.- ObligacioÌ?n de cumplimiento de los plazos. Los teÌ?rminos
+y plazos establecidos en eÌ?sta u otras leyes obligan a las autoridades y
+personal al servicio de la AdministracioÌ?n en la tramitacioÌ?n de los asuntos,
+asiÌ? como los interesados en los mismos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 24.- El funcionario del organismo al que corresponda
+resolver, que reciba una solicitud, documento o expediente, deberaÌ? hacerlo
+llegar a la oficina correspondiente a maÌ?s tardar dentro de las 24 horas
+siguientes a su recepcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Las providencias de mero traÌ?mite deberaÌ?n dictarse por quien deba
+hacerlo, dentro del plazo de 48 horas contado desde la recepcioÌ?n de la
+solicitud, documento o expediente.
+
+
+ Los informes, dictaÌ?menes u otras actuaciones similares, deberaÌ?n
+evacuarse dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as, contado desde la peticioÌ?n de la
+diligencia.
+
+
+ Las decisiones definitivas deberaÌ?n expedirse dentro de los 20 diÌ?as
+siguientes, contados desde que, a peticioÌ?n del interesado, se certifique
+que el acto se encuentra en estado de resolverse.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 25.- CoÌ?mputo de los plazos del procedimiento administrativo.
+Los plazos de diÌ?as establecidos en esta ley son de diÌ?as haÌ?biles,
+entendieÌ?ndose que son inhaÌ?biles los diÌ?as saÌ?bados, los domingos y los
+festivos.
+
+
+ Los plazos se computaraÌ?n desde el diÌ?a siguiente a aqueÌ?l en que se
+notifique o publique el acto de que se trate o se produzca su estimacioÌ?n o
+su desestimacioÌ?n en virtud del silencio administrativo. Si en el mes de
+vencimiento no hubiere equivalente al diÌ?a del mes en que comienza el
+coÌ?mputo, se entenderaÌ? que el plazo expira el uÌ?ltimo diÌ?a de aquel mes.
+
+
+ Cuando el uÌ?ltimo diÌ?a del plazo sea inhaÌ?bil, eÌ?ste se entenderaÌ?
+prorrogado al primer diÌ?a haÌ?bil siguiente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 26.- AmpliacioÌ?n de los plazos. La AdministracioÌ?n, salvo
+disposicioÌ?n en contrario, podraÌ? conceder, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n de los
+interesados, una ampliacioÌ?n de los plazos establecidos, que no exceda de la
+mitad de los mismos, si las circunstancias lo aconsejan y con ello no se
+perjudican derechos de tercero.
+
+
+ Tanto la peticioÌ?n de los interesados como la decisioÌ?n sobre la
+ampliacioÌ?n, deberaÌ?n producirse, en todo caso, antes del vencimiento del
+plazo de que se trate.
+
+
+ En ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ? ser objeto de ampliacioÌ?n un plazo ya vencido.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 27.- Salvo caso fortuito o fuerza mayor, el procedimiento
+administrativo no podraÌ? exceder de 6 meses, desde su iniciacioÌ?n hasta la
+fecha en que se emita la decisioÌ?n final.
+
+
+39.1.1.1 PaÌ?rrafo 2º
+
+ IniciacioÌ?n del procedimiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 28.- Inicio. Los procedimientos podraÌ?n iniciarse de oficio o
+a solicitud de persona interesada.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 29.- Inicio de oficio. Los procedimientos se iniciaraÌ?n de
+oficio por propia iniciativa, como consecuencia de una orden superior, a
+peticioÌ?n de otros oÌ?rganos o por denuncia.
+
+
+ Con anterioridad al acuerdo de iniciacioÌ?n, podraÌ? el oÌ?rgano competente
+abrir un periÌ?odo de informacioÌ?n previa con el fin de conocer las
+circunstancias del caso concreto y la conveniencia o no de iniciar el
+procedimiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 30.- Inicio a solicitud de parte. En caso que el
+procedimiento se inicie a peticioÌ?n de parte interesada, la solicitud que se
+formule deberaÌ? contener:
+
+
+ a) Nombre y apellidos del interesado y, en su caso, de su apoderado,
+asiÌ? como la identificacioÌ?n del medio preferente o del lugar que se senÌ?ale,
+para los efectos de las notificaciones.
+
+
+ b) Hechos, razones y peticiones en que consiste la solicitud.
+
+
+ c) Lugar y fecha.
+
+
+ d) Firma del solicitante o acreditacioÌ?n de la autenticidad de su
+voluntad expresada por cualquier medio habilitado.
+
+
+ e) OÌ?rgano administrativo a la que se dirige.
+
+
+ Cuando las pretensiones correspondientes a una pluralidad de
+personas, tengan un contenido y fundamento ideÌ?ntico o sustancialmente
+similar, podraÌ?n ser formuladas en una uÌ?nica solicitud, salvo que las normas
+reguladoras de los procedimientos especiÌ?ficos dispongan otra cosa.
+
+
+ De las solicitudes, comunicaciones y escritos que presenten los
+interesados en las oficinas de la AdministracioÌ?n, podraÌ?n eÌ?stos exigir el
+correspondiente recibo que acredite la fecha de presentacioÌ?n, admitieÌ?ndose
+como tal una copia en la que figure la fecha de presentacioÌ?n anotada por la
+oficina.
+
+
+ La AdministracioÌ?n deberaÌ? establecer formularios de solicitudes,
+cuando se trate de procedimientos que impliquen la resolucioÌ?n numerosa de
+una serie de procedimientos. Los formularios mencionados estaraÌ?n a
+disposicioÌ?n de los ciudadanos en las dependencias administrativas.
+
+
+ Los solicitantes podraÌ?n acompanÌ?ar los documentos que estimen
+convenientes para precisar o completar los datos del formulario, los cuales
+deberaÌ?n ser admitidos y tenidos en cuenta por el oÌ?rgano al que se dirijan.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 31.- Antecedentes adicionales. Si la solicitud de iniciacioÌ?n
+no reuÌ?ne los requisitos senÌ?alados en el artiÌ?culo precedente y los exigidos,
+en su caso, por la legislacioÌ?n especiÌ?fica aplicable, se requeriraÌ? al
+interesado para que, en un plazo de cinco diÌ?as, subsane la falta o acompanÌ?e
+los documentos respectivos, con indicacioÌ?n de que, si asiÌ? no lo hiciere, se
+le tendraÌ? por desistido de su peticioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En los procedimientos iniciados a solicitud de los interesados, el
+oÌ?rgano competente podraÌ? recabar del solicitante la modificacioÌ?n o mejora
+voluntarias de los teÌ?rminos de aqueÌ?lla. De ello se levantaraÌ? acta sucinta,
+que se incorporaraÌ? al procedimiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 32.- Medidas provisionales. Iniciado el procedimiento, el
+oÌ?rgano administrativo podraÌ? adoptar, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n de parte, las
+medidas provisionales que estime oportunas para asegurar la eficacia de la
+decisioÌ?n que pudiera recaer, si existiesen elementos de juicio suficiente
+para ello.
+
+
+ Sin embargo, antes de la iniciacioÌ?n del procedimiento administrativo,
+el oÌ?rgano competente, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n de parte, en los casos de
+urgencia y para la proteccioÌ?n provisional de los intereses implicados,
+podraÌ? adoptar las medidas correspondientes. Estas medidas provisionales
+deberaÌ?n ser confirmadas, modificadas o levantadas en la iniciacioÌ?n del
+procedimiento, que deberaÌ? efectuarse dentro de los quince diÌ?as siguientes a
+su adopcioÌ?n, el cual podraÌ? ser objeto del recurso que proceda.
+
+
+ En todo caso, las medidas a que se refiere el inciso anterior,
+quedaraÌ?n sin efecto si no se inicia el procedimiento en dicho plazo, o
+cuando la decisioÌ?n de iniciacioÌ?n no contenga un pronunciamiento expreso
+acerca de las mismas.
+
+
+ No se podraÌ?n adoptar medidas provisionales que puedan causar
+perjuicio de difiÌ?cil o imposible reparacioÌ?n a los interesados, o que
+impliquen violacioÌ?n de derechos amparados por las leyes.
+
+
+ Las medidas provisionales podraÌ?n ser alzadas o modificadas durante la
+tramitacioÌ?n del procedimiento, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n de parte, en virtud
+de circunstancias sobrevinientes o que no pudieron ser tenidas en cuenta en
+el momento de su adopcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En todo caso, las medidas de que trata este artiÌ?culo, se extinguiraÌ?n
+con la eficacia de la resolucioÌ?n administrativa que ponga fin al
+procedimiento correspondiente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 33.- AcumulacioÌ?n o desacumulacioÌ?n de procedimientos. El
+oÌ?rgano administrativo que inicie o tramite un procedimiento, cualquiera que
+haya sido la forma de su iniciacioÌ?n, podraÌ? disponer su acumulacioÌ?n a otros
+maÌ?s antiguos con los que guarde identidad sustancial o iÌ?ntima conexioÌ?n o su
+desacumulacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Contra esta resolucioÌ?n no procederaÌ? recurso alguno.
+
+
+39.2 PaÌ?rrafo 3º
+
+ InstruccioÌ?n del procedimiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 34.- Actos de instruccioÌ?n. Los actos de instruccioÌ?n son
+aquellos necesarios para la determinacioÌ?n, conocimiento y comprobacioÌ?n de
+los datos en virtud de los cuales deba pronunciarse el acto.
+
+
+ Se realizaraÌ?n de oficio por el oÌ?rgano que tramite el procedimiento,
+sin perjuicio del derecho de los interesados a proponer aquellas
+actuaciones que requieran su intervencioÌ?n, o constituyan traÌ?mites legal o
+reglamentariamente establecidos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 35.- Prueba. Los hechos relevantes para la decisioÌ?n de un
+procedimiento, podraÌ?n acreditarse por cualquier medio de prueba admisible
+en derecho, apreciaÌ?ndose en conciencia.
+
+
+ Cuando a la AdministracioÌ?n no le conste los hechos alegados por los
+interesados o la naturaleza del procedimiento lo exija, el instructor del
+mismo ordenaraÌ? la apertura de un periÌ?odo de prueba, por un plazo no
+superior a treinta diÌ?as ni inferior a diez, a fin de que puedan practicarse
+cuantas juzgue pertinentes.
+
+
+ El instructor del procedimiento soÌ?lo podraÌ? rechazar las pruebas
+propuestas por los interesados cuando sean manifiestamente improcedentes o
+innecesarias, mediante resolucioÌ?n motivada.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 36.- Momento de la prueba. La AdministracioÌ?n comunicaraÌ? a
+los interesados, con la suficiente antelacioÌ?n, el inicio de las actuaciones
+necesarias para la realizacioÌ?n de las pruebas que hayan sido admitidas.
+
+
+ En la notificacioÌ?n se consignaraÌ? el lugar, fecha y hora en que se
+practicaraÌ? la prueba, con la advertencia, en su caso, de que el interesado
+puede nombrar peritos para que le asistan.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 37.- Informes. Para los efectos de la resolucioÌ?n del
+procedimiento, se solicitaraÌ?n aquellos informes que senÌ?alen las
+disposiciones legales, y los que se juzguen necesarios para resolver,
+citaÌ?ndose el precepto que los exija o fundamentando, en su caso, la
+conveniencia de requerirlos.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 38.- Valor de los informes. Salvo disposicioÌ?n expresa en
+contrario, los informes seraÌ?n facultativos y no vinculantes.
+
+
+ Si el informe debiera ser emitido por un oÌ?rgano de la AdministracioÌ?n
+distinto del que tramita el procedimiento en orden a expresar el punto de
+vista correspondiente a sus competencias respectivas, y transcurriera el
+plazo sin que aqueÌ?l se hubiera evacuado, se podraÌ?n proseguir las
+actuaciones.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 39.- InformacioÌ?n puÌ?blica. El oÌ?rgano al que corresponda la
+resolucioÌ?n del procedimiento, cuando la naturaleza de eÌ?ste lo requiera,
+podraÌ? ordenar un periÌ?odo de informacioÌ?n puÌ?blica.
+
+
+ Para tales efectos, se anunciaraÌ? en el Diario Oficial o en un diario
+de circulacioÌ?n nacional, a fin de que cualquier persona pueda examinar el
+procedimiento, o la parte del mismo que se indique.
+
+
+ El anuncio senÌ?alaraÌ? el lugar de exhibicioÌ?n y determinaraÌ? el plazo
+para formular observaciones, que en ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ? ser inferior a diez
+diÌ?as.
+
+
+ La falta de actuacioÌ?n en este traÌ?mite, no impediraÌ? a los interesados
+interponer los recursos procedentes contra la resolucioÌ?n definitiva del
+procedimiento.
+
+
+ La actuacioÌ?n en el traÌ?mite de informacioÌ?n puÌ?blica no otorga, por siÌ?
+misma, la condicioÌ?n de interesado. En todo caso, la AdministracioÌ?n otorgaraÌ?
+una respuesta razonada, en lo pertinente, que podraÌ? ser comuÌ?n para todas
+aquellas observaciones que planteen cuestiones sustancialmente iguales.
+
+
+
+40 PaÌ?rrafo 4º
+
+40.1 FinalizacioÌ?n del procedimiento
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 40.- ConclusioÌ?n del procedimiento. PondraÌ?n teÌ?rmino al
+procedimiento la resolucioÌ?n final, el desistimiento, la declaracioÌ?n de
+abandono y la renuncia al derecho en que se funde la solicitud, cuando tal
+renuncia no esteÌ? prohibida por el ordenamiento juriÌ?dico.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n produciraÌ? la terminacioÌ?n del procedimiento la imposibilidad
+material de continuarlo por causas sobrevinientes. La resolucioÌ?n que se
+dicte deberaÌ? ser fundada en todo caso.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 41.- Contenido de la resolucioÌ?n final. La resolucioÌ?n que
+ponga fin al procedimiento decidiraÌ? las cuestiones planteadas por los
+interesados.
+
+
+ Cuando en la elaboracioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n final se adviertan
+cuestiones conexas, ellas seraÌ?n puestas en conocimiento de los interesados,
+quienes dispondraÌ?n de un plazo de quince diÌ?as para formular las
+alegaciones que estimen pertinentes y aportar, en su caso, medios de
+prueba. Transcurrido ese plazo el oÌ?rgano competente decidiraÌ? sobre ellas en
+la resolucioÌ?n final.
+
+
+ En los procedimientos tramitados a solicitud del interesado, la
+resolucioÌ?n deberaÌ? ajustarse a las peticiones formuladas por eÌ?ste, sin que
+en ninguÌ?n caso pueda agravar su situacioÌ?n inicial y sin perjuicio de la
+potestad de la AdministracioÌ?n de incoar de oficio un nuevo procedimiento,
+si fuere procedente.
+
+
+ Las resoluciones contendraÌ?n la decisioÌ?n, que seraÌ? fundada.
+ExpresaraÌ?n, ademaÌ?s, los recursos que contra la misma procedan, oÌ?rgano
+administrativo o judicial ante el que hubieran de presentarse y plazo para
+interponerlos, sin perjuicio de que los interesados puedan ejercitar
+cualquier otro que estimen oportuno.
+
+
+ En ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ? la AdministracioÌ?n abstenerse de resolver so
+pretexto de silencio, oscuridad o insuficiencia de los preceptos legales
+aplicables al caso, aunque podraÌ? resolver la inadmisibilidad de las
+solicitudes de reconocimiento de derechos no previstos en el ordenamiento
+juriÌ?dico o manifiestamente carentes de fundamento.
+
+
+ La aceptacioÌ?n de informes o dictaÌ?menes serviraÌ? de motivacioÌ?n a la
+resolucioÌ?n cuando se incorporen al texto de la misma.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 42.- Renuncia y Desistimiento. Todo interesado podraÌ?
+desistirse de su solicitud o, cuando ello no esteÌ? prohibido por el
+ordenamiento juriÌ?dico, renunciar a sus derechos.
+
+
+ Si el escrito de iniciacioÌ?n se hubiera formulado por dos o maÌ?s
+interesados, el desistimiento o la renuncia soÌ?lo afectaraÌ? a aqueÌ?llos que la
+hubiesen formulado.
+
+
+ Tanto el desistimiento como la renuncia podraÌ?n hacerse por cualquier
+medio que permita su constancia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 43.- Abandono. Cuando por la inactividad de un interesado se
+produzca por maÌ?s de treinta diÌ?as la paralizacioÌ?n del procedimiento iniciado
+por eÌ?l, la AdministracioÌ?n le advertiraÌ? que si no efectuÌ?a las diligencias
+de su cargo en el plazo de siete diÌ?as, declararaÌ? el abandono de ese
+procedimiento.
+
+
+ Transcurrido el plazo senÌ?alado precedentemente, sin que el particular
+requerido realice las actividades necesarias para reanudar la tramitacioÌ?n,
+la AdministracioÌ?n declararaÌ? abandonado el procedimiento y ordenaraÌ? su
+archivo, notificaÌ?ndoselo al interesado.
+
+
+ El abandono no produciraÌ? por siÌ? solo la prescripcioÌ?n de las acciones
+del particular o de la AdministracioÌ?n. En todo caso, los procedimientos
+abandonados no interrumpiraÌ?n el plazo de prescripcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 44.- ExcepcioÌ?n del abandono. La AdministracioÌ?n podraÌ? no
+declarar el abandono, cuando la cuestioÌ?n suscitada afecte al intereÌ?s
+general o fuera conveniente continuarla para su definicioÌ?n y
+esclarecimiento.
+
+
+40.2 CAPIÌ?TULO III
+
+40.3 Publicidad y ejecutividad de los actos administrativos
+
+
+ PaÌ?rrafo 1º
+
+ NotificacioÌ?n
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 45.- Procedencia. Los actos administrativos de efectos
+individuales, deberaÌ?n ser notificados a los interesados conteniendo su
+texto iÌ?ntegro.
+
+
+ Las notificaciones deberaÌ?n practicarse, a maÌ?s tardar, en los cinco
+diÌ?as siguientes a aqueÌ?l en que ha quedado totalmente tramitado el acto
+administrativo.
+
+
+ No obstante lo anterior, los actos administrativos que afectaren a
+personas cuyo paradero fuere ignorado, deberaÌ?n publicarse en el Diario
+Oficial.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 46.- Procedimiento. Las notificaciones se haraÌ?n por escrito,
+mediante carta certificada dirigida al domicilio que el interesado hubiere
+designado en su primera presentacioÌ?n o con posterioridad.
+
+
+ Las notificaciones por carta certificada se entenderaÌ?n practicadas a
+contar del tercer diÌ?a siguiente a su recepcioÌ?n en la oficina de Correos que
+corresponda.
+
+
+ Las notificaciones podraÌ?n, tambieÌ?n, hacerse de modo personal por
+medio de un empleado del oÌ?rgano correspondiente, quien dejaraÌ? copia iÌ?ntegra
+del acto o resolucioÌ?n que se notifica en el domicilio del interesado,
+dejando constancia de tal hecho.
+
+
+ Asimismo, las notificaciones podraÌ?n hacerse en la oficina o servicio
+de la AdministracioÌ?n, si el interesado se apersonare a recibirla, firmando
+en el expediente la debida recepcioÌ?n. Si el interesado requiriere copia del
+acto o resolucioÌ?n que se le notifica, se le daraÌ? sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite en el
+mismo momento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 47.- NotificacioÌ?n taÌ?cita. Aun cuando no hubiere sido
+practicada notificacioÌ?n alguna, o la que existiere fuere viciada, se
+entenderaÌ? el acto debidamente notificado si el interesado a quien afectare,
+hiciere cualquier gestioÌ?n en el procedimiento, con posterioridad al acto,
+que suponga necesariamente su conocimiento, sin haber reclamado previamente
+de su falta o nulidad.
+
+
+41 PaÌ?rrafo 2º
+
+ PublicacioÌ?n
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 48.- ObligacioÌ?n de publicar. DeberaÌ?n publicarse en el Diario
+Oficial los siguientes actos administrativos:
+
+
+ a) Los que contengan normas de general aplicacioÌ?n o que miren al
+intereÌ?s general;
+
+
+ b) Los que interesen a un nuÌ?mero indeterminado de personas;
+
+
+ c) Los que afectaren a personas cuyo paradero fuere ignorado, de
+conformidad a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 45;
+
+
+ d) Los que ordenare publicar el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica; y
+
+
+ e) Los actos respecto de los cuales la ley ordenare especialmente
+este traÌ?mite.
+
+
+ TrataÌ?ndose de los actos a que se refiere la letra c), la publicacioÌ?n
+deberaÌ? efectuarse los diÌ?as 1º oÌ? 15 de cada mes o al diÌ?a siguiente, si fuese
+inhaÌ?bil.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 49.- AutenticacioÌ?n. Los actos publicados en el Diario
+Oficial se tendraÌ?n como auteÌ?nticos y oficialmente notificados, obligando
+desde esa fecha a su iÌ?ntegro y cabal cumplimiento, salvo que se
+establecieren reglas diferentes sobre la fecha en que haya de entrar en
+vigencia.
+
+
+ PaÌ?rrafo 3º
+
+ EjecucioÌ?n
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 50.- TiÌ?tulo. La AdministracioÌ?n PuÌ?blica no iniciaraÌ? ninguna
+actuacioÌ?n material de ejecucioÌ?n de resoluciones que limite derechos de los
+particulares sin que previamente haya sido adoptada la resolucioÌ?n que le
+sirva de fundamento juriÌ?dico.
+
+
+ El oÌ?rgano que ordene un acto de ejecucioÌ?n material de resoluciones
+estaraÌ? obligado a notificar al particular interesado la resolucioÌ?n que
+autorice la actuacioÌ?n administrativa.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 51.- Ejecutoriedad. Los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n PuÌ?blica
+sujetos al Derecho Administrativo causan inmediata ejecutoriedad, salvo en
+aquellos casos en que una disposicioÌ?n establezca lo contrario o necesiten
+aprobacioÌ?n o autorizacioÌ?n superior.
+
+
+ Los decretos y las resoluciones produciraÌ?n efectos juriÌ?dicos desde su
+notificacioÌ?n o publicacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n sean de contenido individual o general.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 52.- Retroactividad. Los actos administrativos no tendraÌ?n
+efecto retroactivo, salvo cuando produzcan consecuencias favorables para
+los interesados y no lesionen derechos de terceros.
+
+
+ CAPIÌ?TULO IV
+
+ RevisioÌ?n de los actos administrativos
+
+
+ PaÌ?rrafo 1º
+
+ Principios generales
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 53.- InvalidacioÌ?n. La autoridad administrativa podraÌ?, de
+oficio o a peticioÌ?n de parte, invalidar los actos contrarios a derecho,
+previa audiencia del interesado, siempre que lo haga dentro de los cuatro
+anÌ?os contados desde la notificacioÌ?n o publicacioÌ?n del acto.
+
+
+ La invalidacioÌ?n de un acto administrativo podraÌ? ser total o parcial.
+La invalidacioÌ?n parcial no afectaraÌ? las disposiciones que sean
+independientes de la parte invalidada.
+
+
+ El acto invalidatorio seraÌ? siempre impugnable ante los Tribunales de
+Justicia, en procedimiento breve y sumario.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 54.- Interpuesta por un interesado una reclamacioÌ?n ante la
+AdministracioÌ?n, no podraÌ? el mismo reclamante deducir igual pretensioÌ?n ante
+los Tribunales de Justicia, mientras aqueÌ?lla no haya sido resuelta o no
+haya transcurrido el plazo para que deba entenderse desestimada.
+
+
+ Planteada la reclamacioÌ?n se interrumpiraÌ? el plazo para ejercer la
+accioÌ?n jurisdiccional. Este volveraÌ? a contarse desde la fecha en que se
+notifique el acto que la resuelve o, en su caso, desde que la reclamacioÌ?n
+se entienda desestimada por el transcurso del plazo.
+
+
+ Si respecto de un acto administrativo se deduce accioÌ?n jurisdiccional
+por el interesado, la AdministracioÌ?n deberaÌ? inhibirse de conocer cualquier
+reclamacioÌ?n que eÌ?ste interponga sobre la misma pretensioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 55.- NotificacioÌ?n a terceros. Se notificaraÌ? a los
+interesados que hubieren participado en el procedimiento, la interposicioÌ?n
+de los recursos, para que en el plazo de cinco diÌ?as aleguen cuanto
+consideren procedente en defensa de sus intereses.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 56.- La autoridad correspondiente ordenaraÌ? que se corrijan
+por la AdministracioÌ?n o por el interesado, en su caso, los vicios que
+advierta en el procedimiento, fijando plazos para tal efecto.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 57.- SuspensioÌ?n del acto. La interposicioÌ?n de los recursos
+administrativos no suspenderaÌ? la ejecucioÌ?n del acto impugnado.
+
+
+ Con todo, la autoridad llamada a resolver el recurso, a peticioÌ?n
+fundada del interesado, podraÌ? suspender la ejecucioÌ?n cuando el cumplimiento
+del acto recurrido pudiere causar danÌ?o irreparable o hacer imposible el
+cumplimiento de lo que se resolviere, en caso de acogerse el recurso.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 58.- Publicidad de los actos recurridos. Las resoluciones
+que acogieren recursos interpuestos contra actos que hayan sido publicados
+en el Diario Oficial, deberaÌ?n ser publicadas en extracto en dicho perioÌ?dico
+en la edicioÌ?n correspondiente a los diÌ?as 1º oÌ? 15 de cada mes o al diÌ?a
+siguiente si fuere inhaÌ?bil.
+
+
+42 PaÌ?rrafo 2º
+
+ De los recursos de reposicioÌ?n y jeraÌ?rquico
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 59.- Procedencia. El recurso de reposicioÌ?n se interpondraÌ?
+dentro del plazo de cinco diÌ?as ante el mismo oÌ?rgano que dictoÌ? el acto que
+se impugna; en subsidio, podraÌ? interponerse el recurso jeraÌ?rquico.
+
+
+ Rechazada total o parcialmente una reposicioÌ?n, se elevaraÌ? el
+expediente al superior que corresponda si junto con eÌ?sta se hubiere
+interpuesto subsidiariamente recurso jeraÌ?rquico.
+
+
+ Cuando no se deduzca reposicioÌ?n, el recurso jeraÌ?rquico se interpondraÌ?
+para ante el superior jeraÌ?rquico de quien hubiere dictado el acto
+impugnado, dentro de los 5 diÌ?as siguientes a su notificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ No procederaÌ? recurso jeraÌ?rquico contra los actos del Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica, de los Ministros de Estado, de los alcaldes y los jefes
+superiores de los servicios puÌ?blicos descentralizados. En estos casos, el
+recurso de reposicioÌ?n agotaraÌ? la viÌ?a administrativa.
+
+
+ La autoridad llamada a pronunciarse sobre los recursos a que se
+refieren los incisos anteriores tendraÌ? un plazo no superior a 30 diÌ?as para
+resolverlos.
+
+
+ Si se ha deducido recurso jeraÌ?rquico, la autoridad llamada a
+resolverlo deberaÌ? oiÌ?r previamente al oÌ?rgano recurrido el que podraÌ? formular
+sus descargos por cualquier medio, escrito o electroÌ?nico.
+
+
+ La resolucioÌ?n que acoja el recurso podraÌ? modificar, reemplazar o
+dejar sin efecto el acto impugnado.
+
+
+43 PaÌ?rrafo 3º
+
+ Del recurso extraordinario de revisioÌ?n
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 60.- En contra de los actos administrativos firmes podraÌ?
+interponerse el recurso de revisioÌ?n ante el superior jeraÌ?rquico, si lo
+hubiere o, en su defecto, ante la autoridad que lo hubiere dictado, cuando
+concurra alguna de las siguientes circunstancias.
+
+
+ a) Que la resolucioÌ?n se hubiere dictado sin el debido emplazamiento;
+
+
+ b) Que, al dictarlo, se hubiere incurrido en manifiesto error de
+hecho y que eÌ?ste haya sido determinante para la decisioÌ?n adoptada, o que
+aparecieren documentos de valor esencial para la resolucioÌ?n del asunto,
+ignorados al dictarse el acto o que no haya sido posible acompanÌ?arlos al
+expediente administrativo en aquel momento;
+
+
+ c) Que por sentencia ejecutoriada se haya declarado que el acto se
+dictoÌ? como consecuencia de prevaricacioÌ?n, cohecho, violencia u otra
+maquinacioÌ?n fraudulenta, y
+
+
+ d) Que en la resolucioÌ?n hayan influido de modo esencial documentos o
+testimonios declarados falsos por sentencia ejecutoriada posterior a
+aquella resolucioÌ?n, o que siendo anterior, no hubiese sido conocida
+oportunamente por el interesado.
+
+
+ El plazo para interponer el recurso seraÌ? de un anÌ?o que se computaraÌ?
+desde el diÌ?a siguiente a aquel en que se dictoÌ? la resolucioÌ?n en los casos
+de las letras a) y b). Respecto de las letras c) y d), dicho plazo se
+contaraÌ? desde que la sentencia quede ejecutoriada, salvo que ella preceda a
+la resolucioÌ?n cuya revisioÌ?n se solicita, caso en el cual el plazo se
+computaraÌ? desde el diÌ?a siguiente al de la notificacioÌ?n de eÌ?sta.
+
+44
+
+45 PaÌ?rrafo 4º
+
+ De la revisioÌ?n de oficio de la AdministracioÌ?n
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 61.- Procedencia. Los actos administrativos podraÌ?n ser
+revocados por el oÌ?rgano que los hubiere dictado.
+
+
+ La revocacioÌ?n no procederaÌ? en los siguientes casos:
+
+ a) Cuando se trate de actos declarativos o creadores de derechos
+adquiridos legiÌ?timamente;
+
+
+ b) Cuando la ley haya determinado expresamente otra forma de
+extincioÌ?n de los actos; o
+
+
+ c) Cuando, por su naturaleza, la regulacioÌ?n legal del acto impida que
+sean dejados sin efecto.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 62.- AclaracioÌ?n del acto. En cualquier momento, la autoridad
+administrativa que hubiere dictado una decisioÌ?n que ponga teÌ?rmino a un
+procedimiento podraÌ?, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n del interesado, aclarar los
+puntos dudosos u obscuros y rectificar los errores de copia, de referencia,
+de caÌ?lculos numeÌ?ricos y, en general, los puramente materiales o de hechos
+que aparecieren de manifiesto en el acto administrativo.
+
+
+ CAPIÌ?TULO V
+
+ Disposiciones Finales
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 63.- Procedimiento de urgencia. Cuando razones de intereÌ?s
+puÌ?blico lo aconsejen, se podraÌ? ordenar, de oficio o a peticioÌ?n del
+interesado, que al procedimiento se le aplique la tramitacioÌ?n de urgencia.
+
+
+ En tales circunstancias, los plazos establecidos para el
+procedimiento ordinario se reduciraÌ?n a la mitad, salvo los relativos a la
+presentacioÌ?n de solicitudes y recursos.
+
+
+ No cabraÌ? recurso alguno en contra de la decisioÌ?n que ordene la
+aplicacioÌ?n de la tramitacioÌ?n de urgencia al procedimiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 64.- Silencio Positivo. Transcurrido el plazo legal
+para resolver acerca de una solicitud que haya
+originado un procedimiento, sin que la AdministracioÌ?n
+se pronuncie sobre ella, el interesado podraÌ?
+denunciar
+
+el incumplimiento de dicho plazo ante la autoridad que debiÌ?a resolver el
+asunto, requirieÌ?ndole una decisioÌ?n acerca de su solicitud. Dicha autoridad
+deberaÌ? otorgar recibo de la denuncia, con expresioÌ?n de su fecha, y elevar
+copia de ella a su superior jeraÌ?rquico dentro del plazo de 24 horas.
+
+
+ Si la autoridad que debiÌ?a resolver el asunto no se pronuncia en el
+plazo de cinco diÌ?as contados desde la recepcioÌ?n de la denuncia, la
+solicitud del interesado se entenderaÌ? aceptada.
+
+
+ En los casos del inciso precedente, el interesado podraÌ? pedir
+que se certifique que su solicitud no ha sido resuelta dentro del plazo
+legal. Dicho certificado seraÌ? expedido sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 65.- Silencio Negativo. Se entenderaÌ? rechazada una solicitud
+que no sea resuelta dentro del plazo legal cuando ella afecte el patrimonio
+fiscal. Lo mismo se aplicaraÌ? en los casos en que la AdministracioÌ?n actuÌ?e de
+oficio, cuando deba pronunciarse sobre impugnaciones o revisiones de actos
+administrativos o cuando se ejercite por parte de alguna persona el derecho
+de peticioÌ?n consagrado en el numeral 14 del artiÌ?culo 19 de la ConstitucioÌ?n
+PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+ En los casos del inciso precedente, el interesado podraÌ? pedir que se
+certifique que su solicitud no ha sido resuelta dentro de plazo legal. El
+certificado se otorgaraÌ? sin maÌ?s traÌ?mite, entendieÌ?ndose que desde la fecha
+en que ha sido expedido empiezan a correr los plazos para interponer los
+recursos que procedan.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 66.- Efectos del silencio administrativo. Los actos
+administrativos que concluyan por aplicacioÌ?n de las disposiciones de los
+artiÌ?culos precedentes, tendraÌ?n los mismos efectos que aqueÌ?llos que
+culminaren con una resolucioÌ?n expresa de la AdministracioÌ?n, desde la fecha
+de la certificacioÌ?n respectiva.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 67.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para que
+en el plazo de un anÌ?o, contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley en el
+Diario Oficial, mediante uno o maÌ?s decretos con fuerza de ley del
+Ministerio SecretariÌ?a General de la Presidencia, que deberaÌ? llevar tambieÌ?n
+la firma del Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, del Ministro
+de Vivienda y Urbanismo, del Ministro de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones y
+del Ministro del Interior, reduzca los plazos de los procedimientos
+administrativos que rigen el otorgamiento de las patentes municipales
+senÌ?aladas en el decreto ley Nº 3.063, de 1979; y los permisos, estudios de
+impacto vial, certificados y recepcioÌ?n de obras de construccioÌ?n y urbanismo
+que se indican en el TiÌ?tulo III de la Ley General de Urbanismo y
+Construcciones.
+
+
+
+ Para el adecuado cumplimiento de esta obligacioÌ?n, el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica podraÌ? fijar o modificar plazos, sin que eÌ?stos
+puedan durar maÌ?s de noventa diÌ?as ni que se ampliÌ?en los ya existentes. En
+ninguÌ?n caso, se podraÌ?n establecer etapas o procedimientos distintos a los
+establecidos por la ley.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 68.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para
+que en el plazo de un anÌ?o, contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de esta ley en el
+Diario Oficial, mediante un decreto con fuerza de ley expedido a traveÌ?s del
+Ministerio de Salud, y con la firma del Ministro Secretario General de la
+Presidencia, determine las materias que, conforme a lo dispuesto en el
+artiÌ?culo 7º del CoÌ?digo Sanitario, requieren de autorizacioÌ?n sanitaria
+expresa y de los elementos centrales de procedimiento de tramitacioÌ?n de la
+misma, con el propoÌ?sito de simplificarlo y reducir sus plazos de
+tramitacioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 69.- FacuÌ?ltase al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para
+que en el plazo de un anÌ?o, mediante un decreto con fuerza de ley del
+Ministerio SecretariÌ?a General de la Presidencia, modifique el sistema
+destinado a calificar ambientalmente un estudio o una declaracioÌ?n de
+impacto ambiental de la ley Nº 19.300, con el propoÌ?sito de simplificarlo y
+reducir sus plazos de tramitacioÌ?n. En ninguÌ?n caso, el plazo total de
+tramitacioÌ?n podraÌ? exceder de noventa diÌ?as.".
+
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones de 8 de julio de 2002, con asistencia de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei (Presidenta) y senÌ?ores Cantero, Coloma,
+NuÌ?nÌ?ez y Silva Cimma (senÌ?or Boeninger); de 16 de julio de 2002, con
+asistencia de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei (Presidenta) y senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez; 30 de julio de 2002, con asistencia de
+los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei (Presidenta) y senÌ?ores Boeninger,
+Cantero, Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez, y 13 de agosto de 2002, con asistencia de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ora Frei (Presidenta) y senÌ?ores Boeninger, Cantero,
+Coloma y NuÌ?nÌ?ez.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 28 de agosto de 2002.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+45.1.1.1.1 Mario Tapia Guerrero
+
+ Secretario de la ComisioÌ?n
+
+
+
+ RESENÌ?A
+
+
+I. BOLETIÌ?N Nº: 2.594-06.
+
+
+II. MATERIA: Proyecto de ley que fija las bases de los procedimientos que
+rigen los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+III. ORIGEN: Mensaje de S.E. el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica.
+
+
+IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Primer traÌ?mite.
+
+
+ V. APROBACIOÌ?N POR LA CAÌ?MARA DE DIPUTADOS: No tiene.
+
+
+VI. INICIO TRAMITACIOÌ?N EN EL SENADO: 4 de octubre de 2000.
+
+
+ VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Segundo informe.
+
+
+VIII. URGENCIA: No tiene.
+
+
+LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA MATERIA:
+
+ 1. ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica, artiÌ?culos 7º y 60, Nº 18.
+
+ 2. Ley Nº 18.575 OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de Bases Generales de
+ la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado.
+
+
+X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO:
+
+ Esta iniciativa estaÌ? conformada por 69 artiÌ?culos permanentes.
+
+
+
+ XI. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISIOÌ?N:
+
+ El proyecto de ley en informe tiene por objeto fijar las bases de los
+ procedimientos que rigen los actos de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado,
+ incluyendo en eÌ?l los principios baÌ?sicos que lo informan
+ (escrituracioÌ?n, gratuidad, celeridad, conclusivo, economiÌ?a
+ procedimental, contradictoriedad, no formalizacioÌ?n, inexcusabilidad,
+ impugnabilidad y publicidad); los derechos de las personas en sus
+ relaciones con la AdministracioÌ?n; el empleo de medios electroÌ?nicos;
+ regulacioÌ?n y coÌ?mputo de los plazos; las etapas del procedimiento;
+ medios de prueba; recursos (reposicioÌ?n, jeraÌ?rquico y extraordinario de
+ revisioÌ?n), y los efectos del silencio administrativo.
+
+
+
+ XII. NORMAS DE QUOÌ?RUM ESPECIAL:
+
+ Prevenimos que los incisos finales de los artiÌ?culos 33 y 63 (34
+ y 64 del proyecto del primer informe) del texto que se propondraÌ? al
+ final, que alteran el artiÌ?culo 9º de la Ley OrgaÌ?nica Constitucional de
+ Bases Generales de la AdministracioÌ?n del Estado, de aprobarse, deben
+ serlo con rango de ley de esa jerarquiÌ?a, con arreglo al artiÌ?culo 63,
+ inciso segundo, de la ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica.
+
+
+ACUERDOS: Proponer a la Sala de la CorporacioÌ?n la aprobacioÌ?n de este
+proyecto de ley, con las enmiendas que se senÌ?alan en el cuerpo de este
+informe.
+
+ Finalmente, damos cuenta de las votaciones recaiÌ?das en las
+ indicaciones formuladas a este proyecto en los siguientes acaÌ?pites:
+
+Indicaciones aprobadas:
+
+ - 7; 12; 13; 22; 27; 30; 73; 83; 84; 97; 104, 105 y 106 (5x0).
+
+ - 32, 33 y 63 (4x0).
+
+ - 61; 100 y 101 (3x0).
+
+
+Indicaciones rechazadas:
+
+ - 6; 8; 9; 10; 11; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 23; 24; 25; 26; 28;
+ 29; 40; 46; 47; 48; 74; 75; 102, 107 y 108 (5x0).
+
+ - 99 (4x1 abstencioÌ?n).
+
+ - 31; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 62; 64; 65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70; 71;
+ 72; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 81; 82; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 92; 93;
+ 94; 95; 96, 98 y 103 (4x0).
+
+ - 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54;
+ 55; 56; 57; 58, 59 y 60 (3x0).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+45.1.1.2 MARIO TAPIA GUERRERO
+
+ Secretario de la ComisioÌ?n
+
+
+ INFORME DE LA COMISIOÌ?N DE INTERESES MARIÌ?TIMOS,
+ PESCA Y ACUICULTURA recaiÌ?do en el proyecto de
+ ley, en primer traÌ?mite constitucional, que
+ modifica la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura,
+ en lo relativo a principios de conservacioÌ?n,
+ medidas de administracioÌ?n, planes de manejo,
+ desconcentracioÌ?n funcional, liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+ captura por armador, pesca artesanal e
+ institucionalidad del sector pesquero.
+
+
+
+ 1 BOLETIÌ?N Nº 2.970-03.
+
+
+
+
+HONORABLE SENADO:
+
+
+
+
+ Esta ComisioÌ?n de Intereses MariÌ?timos, Pesca y Acuicultura tiene a
+honra emitir su informe acerca del proyecto de ley senÌ?alado en el eÌ?pigrafe,
+en primer traÌ?mite constitucional, e iniciado en mensaje de S.E. el
+Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica, con urgencia calificada de "simple".
+
+
+ A las sesiones en que la ComisioÌ?n se ocupoÌ? de este asunto
+concurrieron, ademaÌ?s de sus miembros, los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores
+Boeninger, Flores, Horvath y Orpis. Asimismo, asistieron el Ministro de
+EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, senÌ?or Jorge RodriÌ?guez; el Subsecretario
+de Pesca, senÌ?or Felipe Sandoval; el Director del Servicio Nacional de
+Pesca, senÌ?or Sergio Mujica; y las asesoras de la referida SubsecretariÌ?a,
+senÌ?oras MariÌ?a Alicia Baltierra, Valeria Carvajal y Edith Saa.
+
+
+ Dada la importancia que la ComisioÌ?n asigna a este proyecto asunto, se
+invitoÌ? a diversas personas vinculadas al sector pesquero, para conocer sus
+planteamientos acerca de esta iniciativa. La noÌ?mina de dichos personeros, y
+las instituciones que representan, se consigna en un acaÌ?pite posterior de
+este informe.
+
+
+
+1.1 PrevencioÌ?n
+
+
+ Las normas contenidas en los nuÌ?meros 30, 31, 40; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48;
+49; y 50 del artiÌ?culo 1º, de aprobarse, deben serlo con rango de ley
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional, conforme lo exigen los artiÌ?culos 38 y 63 de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica, toda vez que se refieren a oÌ?rganos
+puÌ?blicos cuya estructura y organizacioÌ?n deben consignarse en una ley de esa
+jerarquiÌ?a. Asimismo, los nuÌ?meros 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18,
+19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 35, 36 y 38 del artiÌ?culo 1º y artiÌ?culos
+1º, 3º, 4º, 5º, 6º, 9º, 10, 12 y 13 transitorios, deben aprobarse con rango
+de ley de quoÌ?rum calificado pues establecen limitaciones o requisitos para
+la adquisicioÌ?n del dominio de algunos bienes.
+
+
+
+1.2 I.- OBJETIVO
+
+
+ Este proyecto de ley, seguÌ?n el mensaje, tiene por propoÌ?sito los
+siguientes objetivos:
+
+
+ 1.- Reforzar los instrumentos de regulacioÌ?n para la conservacioÌ?n de
+los recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos, resguardando el intereÌ?s general del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ 2.- Mejorar la forma de asignar los recursos entre cada uno de los
+sectores involucrados, y otorgar mayor estabilidad a dichas asignaciones.
+
+
+ 3.- Maximizar el crecimiento econoÌ?mico del sector, incentivando el
+otorgamiento de un mayor valor a los productos, y aumentar la generacioÌ?n de
+mejores empleos en la industria vinculada a la pesca extractiva.
+
+
+ 4.- Potenciar la actividad econoÌ?mica pesquera artesanal y lograr un
+mayor desarrollo de su capacidad productiva.
+
+
+ 5.- Mejorar y adecuar la participacioÌ?n de los sectores involucrados
+en el proceso de toma de decisiones.
+
+
+
+2.- ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO.
+
+
+ La iniciativa en informe estaÌ? estructurada en dos artiÌ?culos
+permanentes y dieciseÌ?is disposiciones transitorias.
+
+
+ SeguÌ?n se describiraÌ? en un acaÌ?pite posterior, el artiÌ?culo primero de
+este proyecto introduce 51 enmiendas, de diverso tenor, a la Ley General
+de Pesca y Acuicultura, cuyo texto coordinado y sistematizado fue fijado
+por el decreto supremo Nº 430, de 1991, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento
+y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El artiÌ?culo 2º traspasa a la planta de Directivos de la SubsecretariÌ?a
+a los funcionarios que ocupan la calidad de titulares de los cargos de
+Directores Zonales en la planta de Directivos del Servicio Nacional de
+Pesca y establece un conjunto de reglas funcionarias y presupuestarias que
+regulan este procedimiento.
+
+
+ En las disposiciones transitorias se establece las reglas para
+implementar la aplicacioÌ?n de las modificaciones propuestas en el artiÌ?culo
+1º, y se faculta al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para modificar la estructura
+orgaÌ?nica de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca y fijar el texto refundido,
+coordinado y sistematizado de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+
+3.- NOÌ?MINA DE LAS PERSONAS QUE CONCURRIERON A LA COMISIOÌ?N DURANTE EL
+ESTUDIO DE ESTE PROYECTO.
+
+
+ Cual se senÌ?aloÌ? en un acaÌ?pite precedente, la ComisioÌ?n estimoÌ? oportuno
+invitar a personeros de los sectores industriales, artesanales y laborales
+vinculados a la actividad pesquera para conocer su parecer respecto de esta
+iniciativa. Consignamos a continuacioÌ?n, ordenados por el tipo de actividad
+que desarrollan , los representantes de dichos sectores:
+
+
+
+3.1.- SECTOR ARTESANAL
+
+
+ - Humberto Chamorro, Presidente de la ConfederacioÌ?n Nacional de
+ Federaciones de Pescadores Artesanales de Chile (CONFEPACH),
+
+
+
+ - Cosme Caracciolo, Presidente de la ConfederacioÌ?n Nacional de Pescadores
+ Artesanales (CONAPACH).
+
+
+- Manuel Guajardo, Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n de Armadores Pesqueros de
+Naves Menores de Arica.
+
+
+- Rodrigo AzoÌ?car, en representacioÌ?n de la ConfederacioÌ?n de Pescadores
+Artesanales XI RegioÌ?n.
+
+
+- Mahomet Ayala, Presidente de la CorporacioÌ?n de Fomento y Desarrollo de la
+Pesca Artesanal de Puertecito.
+
+
+- Carlos Olave, Presidente de la FederacioÌ?n de Pescadores Artesanales de la
+RegioÌ?n del Bio Bio.
+
+
+- Patricio MartiÌ?nez, en representacioÌ?n de la FederacioÌ?n de Pescadores
+Artesanales Comuna de Navidad - Sexta RegioÌ?n.
+
+
+- Jorge Bustos, Presidente del Consejo Regional de Pescadores Artesanales
+COREPA A.G.
+
+
+- MoiseÌ?s Vega, Presidente S.T.I. de la Merluza y Fauna AcompanÌ?ante de
+Puerto Natales.
+
+
+- Eduardo Garnica, Presidente de la FederacioÌ?n de Pescadores Artesanales y
+Algueros de MaulliÌ?n X RegioÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ 3.2.-. SECTOR EMPRESARIAL INDUSTRIAL
+
+
+ - Domingo Arteaga, Vicepresidente y Luis Felipe Moncada, Gerente de la
+ AsociacioÌ?n de Industriales Pesqueros de la RegioÌ?n del Bio Bio (ASIPES).
+
+
+
+ - Domingo JimeÌ?nez, Vicepresidente y HeÌ?ctor Bacigalupo, Gerente de la
+ Sociedad Nacional de Pesca (SONAPESCA).
+
+
+- Carlos HernaÌ?ndez, en representacioÌ?n de la AsociacioÌ?n de Armadores de
+Buques Pesqueros y Plantas Procesadoras de Productos del Mar ANAPESCA A.G.
+
+
+- JoseÌ? Antonio FerroÌ?, Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n de Plantas Pesqueras de
+Consumo Humano.
+
+
+- Alvaro Varela, en representacioÌ?n de la AsociacioÌ?n de la Industria del
+SalmoÌ?n.
+
+
+- Hugo Pino, Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n Gremial de Industriales Pesqueros
+de la X y XI Regiones A.G.
+
+
+- Carlos Carrasco, Presidente de la AsociacioÌ?n Gremial de PequenÌ?os
+Armadores Pesqueros Arrastreros y Patrones de Pesca V y VIII RegioÌ?n.
+
+
+- Oscar Bull, Gerente General de la Empresa Pesquera CONCAR S.A.
+
+
+
+ 3.3.- SECTOR LABORAL INDUSTRIA PESQUERA
+
+ (INCLUYE TRIPULANTES)
+
+
+- Luis Almonacid, Presidente del Sindicato Nacional Interempresas de
+Oficiales de Naves Especiales.
+
+
+- Hugo Roa, Presidente de la Multigremial A.G. del Sector Pesquero de la
+RegioÌ?n del Bio Bio.
+
+
+- Teresa Lizana, Presidenta de la FederacioÌ?n de Sindicatos de la Industria
+Pesquera FESIP.
+
+
+- Alexis Cancino, Presidente de la ConfederacioÌ?n de Trabajadores Pesqueros
+de Chile y Ramas Afines.
+
+
+- RubeÌ?n Leal, Presidente de la FederacioÌ?n de Trabajadores de Industrias
+Pesqueras y Ramas Afines.
+
+
+- Mariano Villa, Vicepresidente Nacional de la FederacioÌ?n de Tripulantes de
+Naves Especiales de Chile.
+
+
+- Guillermo Risco, Secretario General de la ConfederacioÌ?n Nacional de Gente
+de Mar, MariÌ?timos, Portuarios y Pesqueros (CONGEMAR).
+
+
+- Pedro Pacheco, en representacioÌ?n del Sindicato de Tripulantes
+Transitorios Talcahuano - Coronel
+
+
+- Juana Silva y Segundo Flores, Dirigentes del Sindicato Nº 2 de la Empresa
+Pesquera Food Corp Chile.
+
+
+- Carlos HenriÌ?quez, en representacioÌ?n del Sindicato Interempresas de
+Tripulantes de Naves de Arrastre de la VIII RegioÌ?n.
+
+
+- Sergio Orellana, Coordinador de la AgrupacioÌ?n de Sindicatos Pesqueros de
+la Cuenca del CarboÌ?n.
+
+
+
+ 2 3.4.- SECTOR ACADEÌ?MICO, INSTITUCIONAL Y CONSULTORES
+
+
+- Osvaldo Carvajal, en representacioÌ?n del Instituto Libertad.
+
+
+- TomaÌ?s Flores y SebastiaÌ?n Soto, en representacioÌ?n del Instituto Libertad y
+Desarrollo.
+
+
+- Guillermo Moreno, Director del Instituto de Fomento Pesquero.
+
+
+- MariÌ?a Angela Barbieri Bellolio, AsociacioÌ?n de Profesionales Pesqueros de
+Chile.
+
+
+- Eleuterio YaÌ?nÌ?ez RodriÌ?guez, Sociedad Chilena de Ciencias del Mar.
+
+
+- AndreÌ?s Couve, Consultor Pesquero y ex Subsecretario de Pesca.
+
+
+- Roberto Cabezas, Director de la Escuela de Ciencias del Mar de la
+Universidad AndreÌ?s Bello y ex Subsecretario de Pesca.
+
+
+ Los antecedentes de las presentaciones que hicieron estas entidades y
+agrupaciones estaÌ?n a disposicioÌ?n de los senÌ?ores Senadores para su consulta
+en la SecretariÌ?a de la ComisioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 4.- ANTECEDENTES LEGALES
+
+
+ 4.1.- Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, cuyo texto coordinado y
+sistematizado fue fijado por el decreto supremo Nº 430, de 1991, del
+Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 4.2.- Ley Nº 19.713, que establece como medida de administracioÌ?n
+pesquera el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador en las pesqueriÌ?as que
+indica.
+
+
+ 4.3.- Decreto ley Nº 1.626, de 1976, que creoÌ? la SubsecretariÌ?a de
+Pesca en el Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ 4.4.- Decreto Ley Nº 2.442, de 1978, que creoÌ? el Servicio Nacional de
+Pesca.
+
+
+
+ 5.- ANTECEDENTES DE HECHO
+
+
+Mensaje
+
+
+ El mensaje con que se inicioÌ? el primer traÌ?mite constitucional de este
+proyecto expresa que durante el debate de la ley Nº 19.713, que introdujo
+la medida de administracioÌ?n pesquera denominada "liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+por armador", el Ejecutivo se comprometioÌ? a someter a la consideracioÌ?n del
+Parlamento una proposicioÌ?n de ley que regule las materias cuyo contenido y
+fundamentos se enuncian a continuacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Agrega que antes de la fecha de la dictacioÌ?n de la ley Nº 19.713, el
+sector industrial entroÌ? en crisis pues la regulacioÌ?n vigente -que
+califica de insuficiente- incentivaba a los agentes para incurrir en liÌ?neas
+de accioÌ?n inadecuadas. Hasta esa fecha, la principal medida de
+administracioÌ?n era la cuota global de captura que estimuloÌ? la denominada
+"carrera oliÌ?mpica", lo que trajo aparejados otros efectos negativos como la
+sobreinversioÌ?n en el esfuerzo pesquero; una explotacioÌ?n irracional de la
+biomasa; inestabilidad laboral, y desventajas econoÌ?micas, como por ejemplo,
+un raÌ?pido procesamiento de las capturas sin incorporar a la industria mayor
+valor agregado.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de la situacioÌ?n descrita, continuÌ?a el mensaje,
+surgioÌ? la necesidad de dotar a la regulacioÌ?n pesquera de nuevos
+instrumentos que hicieran maÌ?s eficiente y equitativa la actividad y
+afianzar un objetivo fundamental, como es la conservacioÌ?n de los recursos
+de modo que se permita un desarrollo sustentable de la pesca industrial y
+artesanal.
+
+
+ La ley Nº 19.713, desde su entrada en vigor, prosigue, demostroÌ?
+beneficios inmediatos pues terminoÌ? con la carrera oliÌ?mpica y el
+desenfrenado intereÌ?s de los armadores por aumentar su capacidad extractiva.
+AdemaÌ?s, se logroÌ? controlar las cuotas asignadas; se obtuvo determinados
+objetivos de conservacioÌ?n de los recursos y se facilitoÌ? el orden en la
+administracioÌ?n de las pesqueriÌ?as, estimulando tambieÌ?n a los actores en la
+conservacioÌ?n y correcto manejo de aqueÌ?llas.
+
+
+ No obstante lo anterior, la autoridad debioÌ? enfrentar otros desafiÌ?os,
+como por ejemplo, pasar repentinamente de fijar siete cuotas globales a
+veintinueve, con nuevos y complejos requisitos de investigacioÌ?n y anaÌ?lisis,
+con los mismos recursos humanos y materiales pues no se aumentoÌ? la
+capacidad institucional para asumir este escenario; todo lo cual constituye
+una insuficiencia que debe corregirse en aras de lograr perfeccionamientos
+en la administracioÌ?n del sector.
+
+
+ En opinioÌ?n del mensaje, la aplicacioÌ?n de la ley Nº 19.713 -de efectos
+transitorios pues concluye su vigencia el 31 de diciembre del anÌ?o 2002-
+permite evaluar positivamente la medida de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo por armador, toda
+vez que ha logrado equilibrar la conservacioÌ?n del recurso y el desarrollo
+creciente de la actividad pesquera, lo cual se refleja en la posibilidad de
+disminuir la regulacioÌ?n de la flota poniendo mayor eÌ?nfasis en el
+cumplimiento irrestricto del liÌ?mite a las capturas; al tiempo que ha
+generado confianza para efectuar inversiones considerando un horizonte maÌ?s
+estable y de maÌ?s largo plazo.
+
+
+ En otro orden, el mensaje senÌ?ala que tambieÌ?n se ha logrado la
+regularizacioÌ?n de los registros artesanales, lo cual permitioÌ? dimensionar
+esta actividad a lo largo del paiÌ?s en cada una de las pesqueriÌ?as. La
+regularizacioÌ?n de los registros franquea la posibilidad de formular cambios
+para el sector artesanal que no habriÌ?an sido posibles sin conocer los
+resultados de dicho proceso.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con esta materia, el mensaje expresa que para los
+objetivos que se proponen en estas modificaciones es necesario desatacar
+que la asignacioÌ?n de los recursos se ha iniciado precisamente en las
+pesqueriÌ?as artesanales. La consolidacioÌ?n y el aumento de las aÌ?reas de
+manejo y explotacioÌ?n de los recursos bentoÌ?nicos son una clara demostracioÌ?n
+del progreso alcanzado en el sector, lo cual despierta cada vez mayor
+reconocimiento en este segmento de trabajadores. TambieÌ?n se ha avanzado en
+la asignacioÌ?n de especies demersales y pelaÌ?gicas asociadas a las pesqueriÌ?as
+artesanales atenuando la carrera oliÌ?mpica; pero estos logros se han
+materializado con los precarios instrumentos regulatorios con que cuenta la
+AdministracioÌ?n, merced a la participacioÌ?n de los propios interesados.
+
+
+ En un segundo acaÌ?pite, "Fundamentos y Objetivos", el mensaje enuncia
+los objetivos que persigue este proyecto de ley, senÌ?alados en un paÌ?rrafo
+precedente de este informe.
+
+
+ Por lo que hace a la pesca industrial, el proyecto propone maximizar
+el valor econoÌ?mico de las pesqueriÌ?as, pero cautelando el principio de la
+conservacioÌ?n, objetivo que es posible lograr dado el alto grado de
+desarrollo en materia de control del acceso a la actividad, el ordenamiento
+de eÌ?ste y la experiencia alcanzada con la ley transitoria.
+
+
+ A su turno, respecto del sector artesanal el proyecto persigue el
+perfeccionamiento de los mecanismos regulatorios que han demostrado ser
+ineficaces. En esta materia, se busca incentivar una mayor participacioÌ?n
+responsable de los pescadores artesanales en la toma de decisiones y en el
+acatamiento a las leyes pesqueras. TambieÌ?n se consideran instrumentos con
+caracteriÌ?sticas tales de flexibilidad que permitan adecuar las regulaciones
+pesqueras al entorno artesanal, al tiempo que se fortalece la accioÌ?n
+fiscalizadora en teÌ?rminos de eficacia y oportunidad.
+
+
+ En seguida, el mensaje se refiere a las normas de la iniciativa que
+desconcentran algunas funciones centralizadas actualmente en la
+SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca, con el propoÌ?sito de acercar las decisiones a la
+actividad artesanal y resolver las medidas de conservacioÌ?n y manejo que se
+requieran con mayor rapidez.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en lo tocante a los aspectos institucionales, la
+iniciativa sugiere adecuaciones para el Consejo Nacional de Pesca, con el
+propoÌ?sito de que los miembros de nombramiento del Presidente de la
+RepuÌ?blica guarden independencia tanto del Ejecutivo como de los actores del
+sector pesquero, de modo que representen el intereÌ?s general del paiÌ?s desde
+una perspectiva ajena a presiones de corto plazo.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se reestructuran los Consejos Zonales en funcioÌ?n de las
+nuevas atribuciones que se les asigna, especialmente en relacioÌ?n con las
+competencias de los directores zonales de pesca.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ 3 Contenido del Proyecto
+
+
+ Bajo este epiÌ?grafe el mensaje se refiere a las modificaciones a la
+Ley General de Pesca que el proyecto plantea en siete oÌ?rdenes de materias:
+principio de conservacioÌ?n; medidas de administracioÌ?n; planes de manejo;
+desconcentracioÌ?n funcional; liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador; pesca
+artesanal, e institucionalidad del sector pesquero.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Cual se senÌ?aloÌ? en un apartado anterior, el proyecto estaÌ? estructurado
+en dos artiÌ?culos permanentes y dieciseÌ?is artiÌ?culos transitorios. El
+artiÌ?culo primero, conformado por cincuenta y un nuÌ?meros, consigna las
+modificaciones propuestas en las materias precedentemente senÌ?aladas, en
+tanto que el artiÌ?culo segundo se refiere al traspaso de personal en las
+plantas de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca y del Servicio Nacional de Pesca para
+abordar las nuevas tareas que se entregan a la autoridad pesquera; la
+supresioÌ?n de cargos y reduccioÌ?n de la dotacioÌ?n de empleados con motivo de
+los traspasos, y a los derechos que se le reconoce al personal traspasado.
+
+
+ Las normas transitorias regulan el plazo que duraraÌ? la medida de
+administracioÌ?n pesquera, denominada liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura (el artiÌ?culo
+1º transitorio prescribe que por el ministerio de esta ley y por el plazo
+de 15 anÌ?os contados desde su fecha de publicacioÌ?n, quedan sometidas al
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura las pesqueriÌ?as mencionadas en el artiÌ?culo 2º de la
+ley Nº 19.713); la forma de determinar el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo durante la vigencia
+de la medida (primeros 15 anÌ?os); la proÌ?rroga de la medida (se resuelve
+administrativamente en la forma dispuesta por el artiÌ?culo 7º K, seguÌ?n se
+diraÌ? en su oportunidad); la forma de determinar el registro artesanal; el
+pago de la patente pesquera; la atribucioÌ?n que se otorga al Ministro de
+EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n para instituir los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos en
+las pesqueriÌ?as afectas al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo; la prohibicioÌ?n que se impone a las
+armadores industriales de no perforar la franja artesanal durante la
+primera medida de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo desde el liÌ?mite norte de la V RegioÌ?n al
+sur; otros mecanismos que afectan a los buques industriales en la
+transicioÌ?n del actual reÌ?gimen regulatorio al nuevo sistema que propone el
+proyecto; la facultad que se entrega al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para
+reestructurar la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca y para fijar el texto refundido de
+la Ley General de Pesca, y la imputacioÌ?n del gasto que irrogue esta ley en
+el primer anÌ?o de su vigencia.
+
+
+ En la descripcioÌ?n del mensaje acerca del contenido de la iniciativa
+en los oÌ?rdenes de materias ya indicadas, se haraÌ? una referencia a las
+normas pertinentes del proyecto el que, en todo caso, se transcribe
+iÌ?ntegramente al final de este informe.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Cual se dijo en un acaÌ?pite precedente, el primer contenido del
+mensaje se refiere a los principios de conservacioÌ?n -el precautorio y el
+ecosisteÌ?mico consignados en el nuevo artiÌ?culo 1º A que se introduce al
+texto de la Ley de Pesca mediante el Nº 2 del artiÌ?culo primero.
+
+
+ Ambos principios, seguÌ?n el mensaje, tienen reconocimiento
+internacional advirtieÌ?ndose una mayor exigencia para que sean incorporados
+en las legislaciones nacionales. Al instituir en la legislacioÌ?n estos
+postulados -agrega- se refuerza el concepto de la conservacioÌ?n de la
+biomasa.
+
+
+ En seguida, el mensaje aborda el tema de las medidas de
+administracioÌ?n pesquera que se incorporan a la Ley de Pesca o complementan
+las ya existentes en ella.
+
+
+ Por lo que hace a las cuotas globales de captura, la iniciativa
+sustituye la letra c) del artiÌ?culo tercero actualmente en vigor (fijacioÌ?n
+de cuotas anuales de captura por especie en un aÌ?rea determinada), por otra
+que innova respecto del texto sustituido en el sentido de que le atribuye
+potestad al Ministro de EconomiÌ?a para fijar la cuota global por anÌ?o
+calendario, por doce meses sucesivos, o por temporadas de pesca.
+
+
+ Como fundamento de esta enmienda el mensaje aduce que no siempre
+coinciden los ciclos de especies hidrobioloÌ?gicas con un anÌ?o calendario.
+
+
+ En seguida, las modificaciones a esta norma permiten fraccionar la
+cuota entre la pesca artesanal y la industrial y distribuirla dentro de un
+periÌ?odo o fijarla para maÌ?s de un periÌ?odo, como es el caso de las especies
+demersales que admiten esta posibilidad, lo que, seguÌ?n el mensaje, afianza
+la estabilidad de la actividad extractiva en la pesqueriÌ?a objeto de la
+medida.
+
+
+ La tercera innovacioÌ?n consiste en facultar a la autoridad para
+reservar un porcentaje de la cuota global destinada a fines de
+investigacioÌ?n y fauna acompanÌ?ante.
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, en lo tocante a este acaÌ?pite, el mensaje expresa que el
+fraccionamiento de la cuota entre el sector artesanal y el sector
+industrial puede establecerse (mediante decreto supremo) por maÌ?s de un
+periÌ?odo, pero una vez establecido no seraÌ? ser modificado.
+
+
+ (Las enmiendas propuestas a la letra c) del artiÌ?culo 3º, estaÌ?n
+contenidas en el Nº 4 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - A continuacioÌ?n, el mensaje se refiere a las vedas, medida de
+administracioÌ?n que la ley actual considera en la letra a) del artiÌ?culo 3º.
+En primer teÌ?rmino, advierte que el proyecto propone corregir un vaciÌ?o en la
+regulacioÌ?n de la veda extractiva, como es el de que en el literal referido
+esta medida quedoÌ? definida en teÌ?rminos geneÌ?ricos y como un presupuesto para
+aplicar el reÌ?gimen de acceso industrial de recuperacioÌ?n, pero su regulacioÌ?n
+se incluyoÌ? en el artiÌ?culo 48, que consigna las medidas de administracioÌ?n
+pesquera especiÌ?ficas de la pesca artesanal. El proyecto subsana este vaciÌ?o,
+manteniendo el concepto de veda extractiva como una medida geneÌ?rica, pero
+incluyeÌ?ndola en el artiÌ?culo 3º junto con la veda bioloÌ?gica, de modo que
+ella recaiga tanto en la pesca artesanal como en la pesca industrial,
+independientemente del reÌ?gimen de acceso en que se encuentre la pesqueriÌ?a
+en que ella se aplique.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n respecto de este tema, la iniciativa considera la posibilidad
+de imponer vedas por sexo, lo que permite flexibilizar las prohibiciones de
+extraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ (Ambas enmiendas, referidas a las letras a) y b) del artiÌ?culo 3º
+vigente, se consignan tambieÌ?n en el numeral 4 del artiÌ?culo 1º del
+proyecto).
+
+
+ Por lo que hace a las medidas de conservacioÌ?n, el mensaje anuncia que
+el proyecto propone establecer, en relacioÌ?n con la talla miÌ?nima de
+extraccioÌ?n de las especies (artiÌ?culo 4º, letra a) vigente), que eÌ?sta no
+podraÌ? ser inferior al menor valor entre la talla criÌ?tica (definida como tal
+en el numeral 45 del artiÌ?culo 2º del texto vigente, como la talla que
+maximiza el rendimiento en biomasa de una cohorte, dada una determinada
+sobrevivencia de eÌ?sta. -La cohorte es un grupo de individuos de una especie
+determinada y de una misma edad-) y la talla de primera madurez sexual.
+Esta enmienda, al decir del proyecto, tambieÌ?n se plantea con fines de
+flexibilizacioÌ?n de las medidas de administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en este aspecto, senÌ?ala que se introduce una nueva
+medida, la de los pesos maÌ?ximos, que no estaÌ? considerada en el texto actual
+y que, en algunos casos, es la uÌ?nica aplicable.
+
+
+ (Las enmiendas precedentes estaÌ?n incluidas en el numeral cinco del
+artiÌ?culo 1º de la iniciativa).
+
+
+ En seguida, el mensaje se ocupa de las modificaciones que el proyecto
+propone respecto de los planes de manejo; traspasando el procedimiento para
+su formulacioÌ?n, o derechamente su formulacioÌ?n en algunos casos, a la
+SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca. (Actualmente, el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 48
+preveÌ? que estos planes se establecen por decreto supremo del Ministerio de
+EconomiÌ?a, previo informe teÌ?cnico de la SubsecretariÌ?a y del Consejo Zonal
+que corresponda. La enmienda consiste en que al referido decreto supremo
+deberaÌ? preceder informe teÌ?cnico de la SubsecretariÌ?a y consulta al
+respectivo Consejo Zonal). (Nº 20, literal a) del artiÌ?culo 1º del
+proyecto).
+
+
+ La iniciativa ampliÌ?a la obligacioÌ?n de establecer planes de manejo en
+pesqueriÌ?as artesanales con acceso suspendido, adecuaÌ?ndose las materias que
+deben contener dichos planes.
+
+
+ Aborda el mensaje, en otro acaÌ?pite, la desconcentracioÌ?n de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con este tema, y en la idea de atemperarse a los procesos
+de descentralizacioÌ?n, se propone desconcentrar las funciones de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a en los Directores Zonales y establecer el viÌ?nculo jeraÌ?rquico
+de dependencia de eÌ?stos con la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca. (Actualmente
+dependen del Director Nacional de Pesca).
+
+
+ La enmienda descrita, seguÌ?n el mensaje, obedece al caraÌ?cter
+extremadamente local de la actividad artesanal extractiva de los recursos
+bentoÌ?nicos, que requieren de medidas raÌ?pidas y oportunas, lo que no se
+logra con una administracioÌ?n centralizada.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n, para proponer esta enmienda, se ha tenido en consideracioÌ?n
+que las funciones de los Directores Zonales dicen relacioÌ?n con la
+administracioÌ?n pesquera, aÌ?mbito propio de la SubsecretariÌ?a, y no del
+Servicio Nacional de Pesca, que cumple tareas de fiscalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Por otra parte, se desconcentran en los Directores Zonales
+determinadas facultades de administracioÌ?n respecto de los recursos
+bentoÌ?nicos, tales como las vedas; las cuotas de captura; la regulacioÌ?n de
+artes y aparejos de pesca; tallas y pesos miÌ?nimos, y la elaboracioÌ?n de la
+propuesta de los planes de manejo. Para estas nuevas funciones los
+Directores Zonales contaraÌ?n con el apoyo de los consejos zonales de pesca y
+un equipo teÌ?cnico, indispensables para asumir estas nuevas exigencias.
+
+
+ Bajo el acaÌ?pite "LiÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador" el mensaje
+hace presente que uno de los principales objetivos del proyecto es
+incorporar permanentemente esta medida de administracioÌ?n en la legislacioÌ?n
+pesquera.
+
+
+ (Al efecto, en el numeral 7 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto, se crea el
+paÌ?rrafo que lleva por epiÌ?grafe la denominacioÌ?n de esta medida, cuyas
+regulaciones se desarrollan en diecisiete nuevos artiÌ?culos signados como
+artiÌ?culos 7º A al 7º Q).
+
+
+ Agrega el mensaje que el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador tiene
+por finalidad restringir la captura de un armador con sus naves autorizadas
+en una unidad de pesqueriÌ?a sometida al reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El proyecto regula el procedimiento y metodologiÌ?a para calcular el
+referido liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo en este nuevo paÌ?rrafo que se introduce al TiÌ?tulo II
+de la Ley de Pesca.
+
+
+ A su turno, en las normas transitorias quedan sujetas a esta medida
+las pesqueriÌ?as afectas a ella en virtud de la ley Nº 19.713, incorporaÌ?ndose
+las pelaÌ?gicas en plena explotacioÌ?n de las I y II Regiones.
+
+
+ Se describe, a continuacioÌ?n, en el orden del mensaje, las
+regulaciones de esta modalidad de administracioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ - PeriÌ?odo de vigencia y procedimiento para establecer la medida.
+
+
+ La iniciativa dispone que la medida tendraÌ? una duracioÌ?n de quince
+anÌ?os, periÌ?odo que el mensaje estima adecuado para recuperar las inversiones
+que incorporan valor agregado a las capturas. Considera el mensaje que este
+plazo incentivaraÌ? al sector industrial para asumir un compromiso de
+conservacioÌ?n de los recursos en beneficio del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ La medida se establece por decreto supremo, a iniciativa de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a previa aprobacioÌ?n de la mayoriÌ?a de los miembros en ejercicio
+del Consejo Nacional de Pesca (artiÌ?culo 7º A).
+
+
+ (SeguÌ?n se senÌ?aloÌ? en un paÌ?rrafo precedente -y como excepcioÌ?n a la
+regla general para establecer la medida en anaÌ?lisis- el artiÌ?culo 1º
+transitorio del proyecto dispone que desde la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de esta
+ley, y por un plazo de quince anÌ?os, quedan sujetos al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a singularizadas en el artiÌ?culo 2º de la
+ley Nº 19.713).
+
+
+ - Establecimiento de la cuota global de captura.
+
+
+ En este apartado el mensaje explica que para que se aplique el liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo es menester, previamente, fijar para cada unidad de pesqueriÌ?a una
+cuota global de captura, la que se distribuiraÌ? entre los armadores que
+tengan naves autorizadas para operar en la pesqueriÌ?a de que se trate.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 7º B del proyecto).
+
+
+ La cuota global se determina conforme al procedimiento que para cada
+caso regula la Ley General de Pesca, con la modalidad de que si el Consejo
+Nacional de Pesca no aprueba la cuota propuesta se dispone de un mecanismo
+que permita establecerla.
+
+
+ En efecto, en caso de acuerdo denegatorio del Consejo, la cuota seraÌ?
+el mayor valor entre el 80% de la autorizada para el anÌ?o anterior y la
+propuesta por la SubsecretariÌ?a, manteniendo la distribucioÌ?n para cada
+sector (artesanal e industrial) pudiendo modificarse durante el mismo
+periÌ?odo.
+
+
+ (En otras palabras, si la SubsecretariÌ?a propone una cuota inferior al
+80% de la establecida para el anÌ?o anterior, y el Consejo la rechaza, la
+cuota global seraÌ? la equivalente a ese porcentaje; y si la proposicioÌ?n es
+superior a este valor y suscita igual rechazo, preferiraÌ? el valor
+consignado en la propuesta). (ArtiÌ?culos 7º B y 7º C del proyecto).
+
+
+ - MeÌ?todo de caÌ?lculo.
+
+
+ En esta materia, el mensaje expresa que el uÌ?nico meÌ?todo que se ha
+considerado para determinar el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo es la historia de las capturas
+de los uÌ?ltimos cuatro anÌ?os que preceden a su establecimiento.
+
+
+ No obstante lo anterior, continuÌ?a, en el caso de las pesqueriÌ?as
+sometidas a esta medida por la ley Nº 19.713, se mantienen las foÌ?rmulas de
+caÌ?lculo dispuestas por esa ley, merced a dos consideraciones:
+
+
+ La primera, porque esas pesqueriÌ?as han estado en reÌ?gimen de liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo durante los anÌ?os 2001 y 2002 y, por tanto, su historia es
+consecuencia de la aplicacioÌ?n de esa ley, lo que no ocurre con las
+pesqueriÌ?as que no fueron afectadas por ella.
+
+
+ En segundo lugar, se ha estimado que la referida ley consignoÌ? una
+foÌ?rmula especiÌ?fica para subsanar las deficiencias que exhibiÌ?an los datos
+histoÌ?ricos de las pesqueriÌ?as pelaÌ?gicas incorporadas al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo en
+virtud de esa ley, lo cual sigue siendo vaÌ?lido en la actualidad, razoÌ?n por
+la que debe respetarse ese criterio de asignacioÌ?n, sin perjuicio de no
+considerarlo para la aplicacioÌ?n de futuras medidas de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo.
+(ArtiÌ?culos 7º D y 7º E del proyecto y artiÌ?culo 3º transitorio).
+
+
+ (Dicha foÌ?rmula incluye la capacidad de bodega de las naves, como
+elemento para definir el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n del armador).
+
+
+ - Procedimiento para establecer el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por
+armador.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con esta materia, el mensaje explica que asiÌ? como la ley
+transitoria establecioÌ? un mecanismo de publicacioÌ?n previa de la informacioÌ?n
+que sirve de base para calcular el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo, la iniciativa de ley que
+se propone, con miras a obtener una mayor trasparencia en estos procesos,
+consigna un sistema para que se conozca oportunamente esa informacioÌ?n y
+reclamar, en su caso, los errores u omisiones que se adviertan.
+
+
+ De este modo, en el primer anÌ?o de vigencia de la ley se dictaraÌ? una
+resolucioÌ?n que contendraÌ? la noÌ?mina de armadores autorizados y la historia
+de las capturas de sus naves. Esa resolucioÌ?n es reclamable ante el Ministro
+de EconomiÌ?a dentro de los diez diÌ?as siguientes a su publicacioÌ?n. El reclamo
+debe ser resuelto en el plazo de 30 diÌ?as.
+
+
+ Agrega el mensaje que a partir del segundo anÌ?o de vigencia de esta
+ley se dictaraÌ? una resolucioÌ?n que contendraÌ? informacioÌ?n acerca de los
+cambios producidos en la noÌ?mina de armadores afectos a la medida y de los
+movimientos de la flota que opera en la pesqueriÌ?a en virtud de
+transferencias o sustituciones de naves. (ArtiÌ?culo 7º E del proyecto).
+
+
+ - DeterminacioÌ?n de naves para hacer efectivo el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo y
+excepcioÌ?n a la causal de caducidad.
+
+
+ Expresa el mensaje, en este acaÌ?pite, que una vez fijado por decreto
+el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo por armador, el titular podraÌ? senÌ?alar la o las naves que
+emplearaÌ? para acceder a la pesca bajo esta modalidad, cumpliendo soÌ?lo el
+requisito de que la nave elegida tenga autorizacioÌ?n para operar.
+
+
+ Esta opcioÌ?n de elegir es posible pues en lugar de controlar la
+actividad mediante la regulacioÌ?n del esfuerzo, se produce ahora un control
+directo referido al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo por armador. SeguÌ?n el mensaje, con este
+tipo de fiscalizacioÌ?n la nave deja de ser relevante pues el eÌ?nfasis se pone
+en el cumplimiento del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo.
+
+
+ Como consecuencia de lo anterior, se considera una excepcioÌ?n a la
+causal de caducidad de las autorizaciones y permisos de pesca consignada en
+la letra b) del artiÌ?culo 143 de la Ley (no iniciar operaciones de pesca con
+una o maÌ?s naves durante dos anÌ?os consecutivos desde el otorgamiento de la
+autorizacioÌ?n, o suspenderlas por maÌ?s de doce meses sucesivos, salvo caso
+fortuito o de fuerza mayor), relativa a la no utilizacioÌ?n de naves. La
+excepcioÌ?n se extiende por el periÌ?odo en que rige la medida del liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo respecto de las naves autorizadas a operar bajo esta modalidad.
+
+
+ Si el armador respeta su liÌ?mite y las medidas de conservacioÌ?n que se
+le hayan impuesto, se excepciona de esta causal de caducidad respecto de
+las naves consideradas para la asignacioÌ?n de su cuota (artiÌ?culos 7º H y 7º
+I del numeral 7 del proyecto).
+
+
+ - ParticipacioÌ?n conjunta de armadores.
+
+
+ El mensaje destaca que el proyecto ofrece la opcioÌ?n para que los
+armadores, en conjunto, hagan efectivo su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo por el periÌ?odo de
+fijacioÌ?n de una cuota global, opcioÌ?n que seraÌ? irrevocable durante dicho
+periÌ?odo.
+
+
+ El procedimiento para operar bajo esta alternativa consiste en
+manifestar tal voluntad por escritura puÌ?blica dentro de los diez diÌ?as
+siguientes a la publicacioÌ?n del decreto que fija los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos.
+Explica el mensaje que la voluntad de operar en conjunto manifestada por
+escritura puÌ?blica es relevante pues si se cursa una sancioÌ?n administrativa
+respecto de esta medida, sus efectos se extienden al grupo de armadores que
+ha optado por esta modalidad. (ArtiÌ?culo 7º F, 7º N, 7º O y 7º P del
+proyecto).
+
+
+ - ExclusioÌ?n definitiva de naves pesqueras de la actividad extractiva.
+
+
+ Dice el mensaje en este acaÌ?pite que el proyecto permite excluir
+definitivamente naves de las pesqueriÌ?as, conservando el armador la parte o
+fraccioÌ?n de la cuota que la nave excluida representa en las pesqueriÌ?as
+afectas al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo.
+
+
+ Para ese efecto, el armador manifestaraÌ? su voluntad por escritura
+puÌ?blica, producieÌ?ndose de pleno derecho la terminacioÌ?n de las
+autorizaciones de pesca quedando la nave involucrada irrevocablemente fuera
+de la actividad extractiva.
+
+
+ Para calcular el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo, continuÌ?a, se extiende al armador un
+certificado que contiene la historia de la nave excluida y, en el caso de
+naves respecto de las cuales se haya empleado la capacidad de bodega como
+criterio de asignacioÌ?n de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo, deberaÌ? consignarse tal
+circunstancia en eÌ?l (el criterio de la capacidad de bodega) en la
+respectiva certificacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Concluye el mensaje, en esta parte, senÌ?alando que el armador puede
+transferir su certificado a otros armadores autorizados a imputar la
+historia que contenga a otra nave, tambieÌ?n autorizada. (ArtiÌ?culo 7º G, del
+proyecto).
+
+
+ - RecaÌ?lculo de los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el mensaje se refiere al procedimiento para
+recalcular, cada cinco anÌ?os, el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, lo cual tiene por
+propoÌ?sito cautelar que durante esta medida de administracioÌ?n pesquera se
+cumpla la finalidad de obtener el mayor valor econoÌ?mico de los excedentes
+productivos y evitar especulaciones. La operacioÌ?n de recalcular el liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo tiene lugar cuando los armadores capturen menos del 90% de su liÌ?mite
+considerando los tres mejores anÌ?os en un periÌ?odo de cinco, caso en el que
+se reduciraÌ? de su coeficiente el porcentaje no capturado. La totalidad de
+los porcentajes reducidos (o rebajados en palabras del mensaje) se
+distribuiraÌ? entre los armadores no afectos a la reduccioÌ?n o rebaja.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 7º J del proyecto en informe).
+
+
+ - RenovacioÌ?n de la medida de administracioÌ?n liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+por armador.
+
+
+ En este paÌ?rrafo el mensaje expresa que la referida medida es
+renovable por periÌ?odos de quince anÌ?os, y la resolucioÌ?n que asiÌ? lo disponga
+se adoptaraÌ? desde cuarenta y ocho hasta los doce meses anteriores al
+teÌ?rmino de su vigencia, con el fin de sortear incertidumbres en los uÌ?ltimos
+anÌ?os de su duracioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 7º K del proyecto).
+
+
+ - Sanciones administrativas.
+
+
+ Este paÌ?rrafo del mensaje, inserto en la seccioÌ?n del mismo que trata
+del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador, expresa que para cautelar el
+cumplimiento de dicho liÌ?mite el proyecto mantiene las sanciones
+administrativas previstas en la ley Nº 19.713.
+
+
+ AsiÌ?, cuando el armador o grupo de armadores exceda el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo,
+establecido en un anÌ?o calendario, doce meses sucesivos o temporada de
+pesca, al periÌ?odo siguiente se le descontaraÌ? el triple del exceso en la
+forma que el proyecto describe (el descuento se aplica a los coeficientes
+de participacioÌ?n relativos de cada nave afecta a la medida). (ArtiÌ?culo 7º
+N).
+
+
+ Del mismo modo, la infraccioÌ?n por efectuar descartes (es de recordar
+que con arreglo al numeral 14 bis del artiÌ?culo 2º de la Ley de Pesca el
+descarte consiste en desechar al mar especies hidrobioloÌ?gicas capturadas)
+queda sancionada con el descuento del 30% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo vigente al
+momento del correspondiente periÌ?odo de pesca, y si el armador o grupo de
+armadores ha agotado su liÌ?mite, tal porcentaje se deduciraÌ? de la cuota
+asignada al periÌ?odo siguiente.
+
+
+ A su turno, la omisioÌ?n de informar o certificar las capturas,
+sanciona el armador con el descuento del 10% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo, descuento
+que se haraÌ? efectivo en las mismas formas que para el caso precedente. En
+igual sancioÌ?n incurre el armador industrial que perfore la franja artesanal
+en el anÌ?o calendario de que se trate o dentro del periÌ?odo de la cuota
+global. (ArtiÌ?culo 7º O).
+
+
+ Agrega el mensaje que en el evento de que no pueda aplicarse el
+descuento en razoÌ?n de que no estaÌ? en vigor la medida de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo (por
+haber concluido su vigencia, o por la peÌ?rdida de la condicioÌ?n de armador
+del infractor con arreglo al artiÌ?culo 7º P), las sanciones descritas se
+sustituyen por el pago de una multa que asciende al doble del monto del
+valor de sancioÌ?n de la especie por las toneladas que debieron descontarse
+conforme a las reglas referidas a las infracciones al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura. (ArtiÌ?culo 7º P).
+
+
+ Las sanciones administrativas, agrega el mensaje, seraÌ?n impuestas por
+el Subsecretario de Pesca, previo informe del Servicio Nacional de Pesca y
+con audiencia del afectado, y seraÌ?n reclamables ante el Ministro de
+EconomiÌ?a. (ArtiÌ?culos 7º Q del proyecto).
+
+
+ - Finalmente, en lo tocante a este objetivo central, cual es la
+institucionalizacioÌ?n en la legislacioÌ?n pesquera de la medida de liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura, el mensaje propone incorporar a la Ley General un
+artiÌ?culo 43 A, que incrementa el valor de la patente en pesqueriÌ?as
+sometidas a esta medida de administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Tiene su fundamento esta proposicioÌ?n, en palabras del mensaje, en que
+los armadores se benefician con la foÌ?rmula para calcular la asignacioÌ?n que
+se les otorga, con independencia de si utilizan o no sus naves.
+
+
+ La mayor recaudacioÌ?n por este incremento, permitiraÌ? financiar esta
+nueva modalidad de administracioÌ?n pesquera, atendido el costo de la
+investigacioÌ?n que ella significa y la implementacioÌ?n de organismos como son
+los denominados ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos de los cuales este informe se ocuparaÌ? en
+un apartado posterior. (ArtiÌ?culos 7º P y 7º Q del proyecto).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ 4 Pesca Artesanal
+
+
+ Se ocupa en seguida el mensaje de las regulaciones relativas a la
+pesca artesanal que contiene el proyecto.
+
+
+ Dividida en ocho rubros esta seccioÌ?n del mensaje aborda los nuevos
+oÌ?rganos que se crean para la toma de decisiones en esta aÌ?rea; las
+facultades de administracioÌ?n para el sector; el Registro Pesquero
+Artesanal; las aÌ?reas contiguas y otros que se describiraÌ?n en los paÌ?rrafos
+siguientes de este informe.
+
+
+ Primeramente, senÌ?ala que se propone la creacioÌ?n de Directores Zonales
+de Pesca, dependientes del Subsecretario, con competencia desconcentrada
+para adoptar medidas de administracioÌ?n de los recursos bentoÌ?nicos; y se
+fortalece la participacioÌ?n de los actores artesanales modificaÌ?ndose la
+integracioÌ?n y funciones de los Consejos Zonales de Pesca.
+
+
+ En lo que respecta a las facultades de administracioÌ?n, hace notar que
+el sector continuaraÌ? bajo control del esfuerzo pesquero con mecanismos
+flexibles para adoptar medidas oportunamente. Entre otras potestades, la
+autoridad tendraÌ? atribuciones para determinar la cuota de captura conforme
+al procedimiento general y definir la forma de extraerla dentro de una
+regioÌ?n, ya sea por aÌ?reas, caletas o tamanÌ?o de las embarcaciones.
+
+
+ - Registro Pesquero Artesanal.
+
+
+ En este acaÌ?pite el mensaje expresa que el proyecto introduce
+enmiendas sustanciales al concepto del Registro Artesanal pues suprime las
+categoriÌ?as que actualmente considera (armador artesanal, mariscador,
+alguero y pescador artesanal propiamente tal -Nº 29 del artiÌ?culo 2º vigente-
+), por otras -armador artesanal, buzo, recolector de orilla y pescador
+artesanal propiamente tal- categorizacioÌ?n que se incorpora en funcioÌ?n de si
+se ejerce o no el esfuerzo de pesca.
+
+
+ Para lo anterior se crean tres secciones en el Registro. En la
+primera quedan inscritos las categoriÌ?as que ejercen el esfuerzo
+directamente, esto es, los armadores y sus embarcaciones, los buzos y los
+recolectores de orilla. En la segunda seccioÌ?n quedan registradas las
+embarcaciones artesanales de apoyo y sus armadores, los patrones,
+pescadores artesanales propiamente tales o tripulantes y los asistentes de
+buzo; y la tercera se integra con las personas juriÌ?dicas conformadas por
+personas naturales inscritas como pescadores artesanales. El mensaje
+expresa que esta uÌ?ltima seccioÌ?n admite la inscripcioÌ?n de organizaciones de
+pescadores artesanales que operen aÌ?reas de manejo y las entidades que se
+constituyan para tener la condicioÌ?n de armadores artesanales.
+
+
+ Con esta nueva estructura, advierte el mensaje, soÌ?lo operaraÌ?n
+pesqueriÌ?as los inscritos en la primera seccioÌ?n, con lo cual se permite
+mayor movilidad a los pescadores artesanales propiamente tales o
+tripulantes, al tiempo que se subsana una anomaliÌ?a que ha dificultado la
+efectiva operacioÌ?n de la institucionalidad artesanal, cual es la de que el
+Registro actual no distingue entre quienes ejercen el esfuerzo pesquero y
+los que no lo ejercen, impidiendo asiÌ? una buena fiscalizacioÌ?n. (ArtiÌ?culo 50
+C del proyecto).
+
+
+ El mensaje se ocupa ahora de las dos formas que el proyecto preveÌ?
+para ingresar a la Primera SeccioÌ?n del Registro, esto es, el llenado de
+vacantes y el reemplazo.
+
+
+ La primera modalidad -llenado de vacantes- se crea en sustitucioÌ?n del
+antiguo sistema de las "listas de espera", y opera en las pesqueriÌ?as con
+acceso suspendido -las que se encuentran en estado de plena explotacioÌ?n- en
+las cuales pueden generarse vacantes, recurrentemente, por efecto de la
+sancioÌ?n de caducidad.
+
+
+ En estos casos, el Subsecretario dicta una resolucioÌ?n que determina
+el nuÌ?mero de vacantes en cada pesqueriÌ?a, las que podraÌ?n llenarse con los
+inscritos en la Segunda SeccioÌ?n que acrediten tener mayor habitualidad en
+la pesqueriÌ?a y regioÌ?n. Para efectos de la acreditacioÌ?n, continuÌ?a el
+mensaje, se complementa la obligacioÌ?n de informar capturas previstas en el
+artiÌ?culo 63, incorporando la individualizacioÌ?n de patrones, tripulantes y
+asistentes de buzos que participaron en la operacioÌ?n pesquera. (Numeral 26
+del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto, que incorpora un nuevo artiÌ?culo 53 A).
+
+
+ (En lo pertinente al artiÌ?culo 63 vigente obliga a los pequenÌ?os
+armadores industriales y a los armadores artesanales a informar al Servicio
+sus capturas por especie y aÌ?rea de pesca ).
+
+
+ La modalidad del reemplazo, en tanto, consiste en permitir que en las
+pesqueriÌ?as con acceso suspendido, los inscritos en la Primera SeccioÌ?n que
+quieran retirarse puedan designar libremente a sus reemplazantes, siempre
+que eÌ?stos cumplan los requisitos generales para acceder a ella. Como
+excepcioÌ?n a tal liberalidad, los buzos son reemplazables cuando estaÌ?n
+afectados por una incapacidad fiÌ?sica total o permanente.
+
+
+ El mensaje agrega que este mecanismo soluciona el problema de los
+pescadores artesanales que estaÌ?n impedidos de jubilar o retirarse de la
+actividad artesanal. (ArtiÌ?culo 53 B, tamibieÌ?n incorporado por el numeral 26
+del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - A continuacioÌ?n, el mensaje se ocupa del tema de las aÌ?reas
+contiguas, posibilitando la operacioÌ?n artesanal en las regiones aledanÌ?as a
+la de origen de la inscripcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Al efecto distingue dos situaciones:
+
+
+ En un caso se permite la actividad extractiva por fuera de la franja
+artesanal de cinco millas a los armadores artesanales que cuenten con
+posicionador satelital; la segunda situacioÌ?n preveÌ? la posibilidad de
+autorizar operaciones pesqueras dentro de la franja de cinco millas con
+exclusioÌ?n de la primera milla.
+
+
+ En ambas situaciones, senÌ?ala el mensaje, es menester consultar al
+Consejo Zonal que corresponda. Sin embargo, continuÌ?a, no se autorizaraÌ? el
+acceso a una pesqueriÌ?a con acceso abierto desde una regioÌ?n cuya pesqueriÌ?a
+tenga el acceso cerrado, con el propoÌ?sito de asegurar el estado de plena
+explotacioÌ?n. AdemaÌ?s, y como medida cautelar de control de las cuotas
+asignadas, los desembarques se haraÌ?n siempre en la regioÌ?n de origen.
+(ArtiÌ?culo 50 A, nuevo, numeral 22 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - En relacioÌ?n con las causales de caducidad de las inscripciones en
+el Registro Artesanal, el mensaje senÌ?ala que el proyecto establece un plazo
+de dos anÌ?os para iniciar la actividad extractiva y otro de un anÌ?o para
+efectuar operaciones regulares. Transcurridos esos plazos sin que se
+realice la actividad, se configura la causal de caducidad de la
+inscripcioÌ?n, salvo que se acredite impedimento originado en fuerza mayor o
+caso fortuito.
+
+
+ TambieÌ?n se instituye la caducidad parcial, sancioÌ?n que tiene lugar
+cuando se suspende la actividad extractiva por tres anÌ?os sucesivos respecto
+de una o maÌ?s pesqueriÌ?as inscritas, salvo, igualmente, que medie fuerza
+mayor o caso fortuito acreditados debidamente.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en materia de sanciones, el mensaje expresa que el
+proyecto propone incorporar como causal de caducidad de la inscripcioÌ?n
+artesanal el no pago de la patente por los armadores artesanales afectos a
+ese gravamen. (Nº 28 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto en informe).
+
+
+ - A continuacioÌ?n, el mensaje se refiere a los armadores artesanales
+que tengan embarcaciones de quince o maÌ?s metros de eslora, quienes quedan
+afectos a las siguientes exigencias:
+
+
+ 1. Pagar anualmente una patente uÌ?nica, equivalente a 0,45 unidades
+tributarias mensuales por cada tonelada de registro grueso. (ArtiÌ?culo 55 A,
+incorporado por el numeral 29 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ 2. Usar posicionador satelital y certificar sus capturas al
+desembarque. (Numerales 36 y 38 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ Cumplidas estas exigencias, los armadores artesanales quedan
+habilitados para operar en las regiones contiguas.
+
+
+ - En lo que respecta a las aÌ?reas de manejo, el mensaje distingue
+cinco situaciones.
+
+
+ En primer lugar, explica que el proyecto exceptuÌ?a del pago de la
+patente de las aÌ?reas de manejo a las organizaciones de pescadores que las
+explotan, afectadas por fuerza mayor o caso fortuito.
+
+
+ En seguida, hace presente que el proyecto permite que dos o maÌ?s
+organizaciones soliciten una misma aÌ?rea, debiendo ingresar conjuntamente la
+solicitud correspondiente.
+
+
+ En tercer teÌ?rmino, advierte que el proyecto establece un liÌ?mite a las
+aÌ?reas de manejo para una misma organizacioÌ?n, (tres en total) con el fin de
+evitar situaciones que atenten a los objetivos perseguidos con esta medida
+de administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La cuarta situacioÌ?n consiste en incorporar un nuevo elemento para
+adoptar decisiones respecto de las aÌ?reas de manejo competitivas, como es el
+de exigir a los asociados de una organizacioÌ?n estar inscritos en el
+Registro Artesanal en alguna categoriÌ?a que ejerza directamente el esfuerzo
+sobre una pesqueriÌ?a bentoÌ?nica. El propoÌ?sito de esta enmienda es evitar los
+conflictos que surgen en el ejercicio de esta actividad.
+
+
+ Finalmente, por lo que hace a este tema, se eliminan las causales de
+caducidad de las aÌ?reas de manejo contenidas en las letras c) y d) del
+artiÌ?culo 144 de la Ley General de Pesca, pues ellas, aunque se funden en la
+infraccioÌ?n o reincidencia de uno o maÌ?s socios determinados, afectan a los
+asociados de la organizacioÌ?n titular del aÌ?rea de manejo. AuÌ?n maÌ?s, sostiene
+el mensaje, puede que la infraccioÌ?n que da origen a la causal de caducidad
+haya sido cometida en otra aÌ?rea o haya afectado recursos distintos de los
+bentoÌ?nicos. (Numerales 20 y 42 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - Fondo de Fomento de la Pesca Artesanal.
+
+
+ Aborda finalmente el mensaje, en lo que respecta a la pesca
+artesanal, las adecuaciones que el proyecto preveÌ? para este Fondo, con el
+propoÌ?sito de que sea el ente coordinador de la accioÌ?n puÌ?blica en materia de
+fomento productivo en el sector. Para esta finalidad, los representantes
+del sector puÌ?blico que integren el consejo administrativo son las maÌ?ximas
+autoridades vinculadas a esta actividad. TambieÌ?n, expresa el mensaje, se
+hace maÌ?s participativa la presencia del sector artesanal en el referido
+Consejo. (Numerales 30, 31 y 32 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ 5 Institucionalidad del sector pesquero
+
+
+ Bajo este epiÌ?grafe el mensaje comenta las normas del proyecto que
+proponen modificaciones al Consejo Nacional de Pesca y a los Consejos
+Zonales. TambieÌ?n mediante ellas se crean los denominados "ComiteÌ?s
+TeÌ?cnicos".
+
+
+ - Por lo que respecta al Consejo Nacional de Pesca, en palabras del
+mensaje, el proyecto se hace cargo de la criÌ?tica que se formula a esta
+entidad acerca de la falta de independencia de los miembros de nombramiento
+del Ejecutivo. Como paliativo a este reparo, la iniciativa consigna
+causales de inhabilidad para su nombramiento y causales sobrevinientes de
+inhabilidad para ejercer el cargo. (Se incluyen en el Nº 44 del artiÌ?culo
+uÌ?nico que introduce diversas modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 146 del texto
+vigente que se refieren, en general, a las vinculaciones que puedan tener o
+adquirir durante el ejercicio de sus cargos, con empresas pesqueras; a los
+dirigentes gremiales del sector pesquero y a los funcionarios de la
+AdministracioÌ?n Central del Estado).
+
+
+ Aduce el mensaje que estas inhabilidades refuerzan la independencia
+de los consejeros de nombramiento presidencial, tanto de los intereses del
+sector privado como respecto del Ejecutivo.
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, continuÌ?a el mensaje, la proposicioÌ?n de ley en comentario crea
+un procedimiento especial para el fraccionamiento de la cuota global entre
+los sectores artesanal e industrial. Para este efecto, el Consejo instituye
+una comisioÌ?n especial integrada por siete de sus integrantes que deberaÌ?
+aprobar la propuesta de fraccionamiento formulada por la SubsecretariÌ?a de
+Pesca.
+
+
+ Si la comisioÌ?n especial acoge la propuesta, eÌ?sta, para que sea
+aprobada, requiere del acuerdo del Consejo adoptado por los dos tercios de
+sus miembros en ejercicio. En caso de rechazo de la propuesta, ya sea por
+la comisioÌ?n o por el Consejo, regiraÌ? el fraccionamiento del anÌ?o o periÌ?odo
+anterior. (NuÌ?mero 46, que intercala un nuevo artiÌ?culo 147 A a la Ley de
+Pesca).
+
+
+ AdemaÌ?s, agrega el mensaje, se modifica la composicioÌ?n del Consejo
+Nacional de Pesca estableciendo un cupo industrial y un cupo artesanal; y
+se suprime el del representante de los trabajadores del sector acuiÌ?cola,
+que se incorporoÌ? al Consejo en virtud de la ley transitoria Nº 19.713.
+(Letra b) del nuÌ?mero 44 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - En relacioÌ?n con los Consejos Zonales de Pesca, el mensaje explica
+que el proyecto propone adecuaciones respecto de su integracioÌ?n y de las
+funciones que la legislacioÌ?n le atribuye.
+
+
+ Respecto de esto uÌ?ltimo, el mensaje senÌ?ala que en la atencioÌ?n de las
+nuevas competencias que el proyecto otorga a los Directores Zonales de
+Pesca, se asigna a los Consejos Zonales la potestad de pronunciarse
+previamente, mediante informe que el Director le debe recabar, lo cual,
+tambieÌ?n, hace necesario reestructurar la conformacioÌ?n de aqueÌ?llos
+aumentando la representacioÌ?n del estamento artesanal. Al igual que en lo
+tocante al Consejo Nacional, para cautelar la independencia de los
+consejeros zonales se establecen causales de inhabilidad para los
+representantes de los Intendentes, para los de las universidades o
+institutos profesionales y para los de las entidades sin fines de lucro.
+(Las mismas causales de inhabilidad que afectan a los miembros del Consejo
+Nacional de Pesca, seguÌ?n queda consignado en el nuÌ?mero 48 del artiÌ?culo 1º
+del proyecto).
+
+
+
+ - ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos.
+
+
+ Finalmente, en el apartado correspondiente a la institucionalidad
+pesquera, el mensaje se refiere a los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos, que son instancias
+que deben garantizar los fundamentos teÌ?cnicos de las decisiones que se
+adoptan en materia de conservacioÌ?n y manejo pesquero, e incorporar a los
+actores e instituciones de investigacioÌ?n al proceso de toma de decisiones
+y, finalmente, identificar los requerimientos de investigacioÌ?n y la calidad
+de eÌ?sta para ser utilizada en los objetivos de la administracioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ Los ComiteÌ?s son oÌ?rganos auxiliares de la administracioÌ?n pesquera que
+tienen un caraÌ?cter consultivo. Agrega que su creacioÌ?n y operacioÌ?n supone
+incrementar y adecuar la estructura de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca, por lo
+que se propone, gradualmente, una implementacioÌ?n que considera las
+competencias miÌ?nimas de estas entidades, remitiendo a la facultad delegada
+del Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica la dictacioÌ?n de las normas pertinentes.
+(nuÌ?mero 50 del artiÌ?culo 1º y 14 transitorio del proyecto en informe).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ El mensaje, bajo el epiÌ?grafe "Disposiciones Varias" expresa que junto
+con las normas analizadas en sus paÌ?rrafos precedentes, el proyecto
+considera otras disposiciones para subsanar vaciÌ?os en la Ley de Pesca o
+adecuar su articulado a las nuevas regulaciones que se proponen.
+
+
+ (Por viÌ?a de ejemplo, consignamos algunos nuÌ?meros del artiÌ?culo 1º del
+proyecto que dan cuenta de esos vaciÌ?os o adecuaciones: el Nº 3, letra b),
+que reemplaza el Nº 29 del artiÌ?culo 2º de la Ley de Pesca, incorporando una
+nueva definicioÌ?n o descripcioÌ?n de la pesca artesanal, como consecuencia de
+las nuevas categoriÌ?as en que se dividiraÌ? el Registro Artesanal. Este mismo
+nuÌ?mero, en su letra c), introduce en la legislacioÌ?n pesquera el concepto de
+pesqueriÌ?a artesanal considerando tres elementos: la especie hidrobioloÌ?gica
+objetivo de la pesqueriÌ?a y su fauna acompanÌ?ante; el aÌ?rea de pesca en que se
+ejerceraÌ? la actividad y las artes o aparejos que se emplearaÌ?n. El Nº 9, que
+reemplaza el artiÌ?culo 9º de la Ley, disponiendo una nueva estructura para
+el plan de manejo; el Nº 13, que atribuye al Consejo Nacional de Pesca
+potestades para aprobar temporadas de pesca en pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en
+estado de plena explotacioÌ?n (el acuerdo correspondiente se adoptaraÌ? por la
+mayoriÌ?a absoluta de los consejeros en ejercicio); el Nº 33, que sustituye
+el artiÌ?culo 61 de la Ley por otro que faculta al Consejo de Fomento de la
+Pesca Artesanal para determinar los proyectos del programa anual de
+inversioÌ?n, cuya ejecucioÌ?n seraÌ? concursable, y el Nº 37, que introduce un
+artiÌ?culo 63 A a la Ley General, mediante el cual se obliga a las personas
+que realicen actividades de procesamiento o transformacioÌ?n a entregar
+informacioÌ?n al Servicio Nacional de Pesca respecto del abastecimiento de
+recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos y sus derivados.).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En lo tocante a las plantas de transformacioÌ?n el mensaje senÌ?ala que
+el proyecto intercala un nuevo paÌ?rrafo al TiÌ?tulo V de la Ley General de
+Pesca que regula la actividad de las plantas de proceso o transformacioÌ?n.
+Agrega que esta intercalacioÌ?n es necesaria para resolver los problemas que
+se suscitan en esta actividad, precisamente por falta de regulacioÌ?n, al
+tiempo que simplifica el procedimiento para la operacioÌ?n de ellas, bastando
+solamente que se inscriban en un registro que administraraÌ? el Servicio
+Nacional de Pesca. (Nº 35 del artiÌ?culo 1º del proyecto).
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ Por uÌ?ltimo, el mensaje comenta las modificaciones que se propone a la
+estructura administrativa de la SubsecretariÌ?a, de lo que dimos cuenta
+brevemente al enunciar el contenido de las disposiciones transitorias de
+este proyecto de ley.
+
+
+
+ 6 DiscusioÌ?n general de la iniciativa
+
+
+ En sesioÌ?n del 9 de agosto pasado, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or
+Arancibia, Presidente de la ComisioÌ?n, expresoÌ? que en las audiencias que se
+celebraron con relacioÌ?n a este asunto, fueron oiÌ?dos todos quienes
+solicitaron dar a conocer su opinioÌ?n respecto del proyecto, como tambieÌ?n a
+las personas que los senÌ?ores Senadores solicitaron se escuchara. AgregoÌ? que
+es esta una buena oportunidad para intercambiar opiniones, despueÌ?s de haber
+oiÌ?do a los maÌ?s amplios sectores de la actividad pesquera nacional.
+
+
+ A este respecto, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os senÌ?aloÌ? que para el
+estudio de esta iniciativa considera importante tener en vista las
+atribuciones que tiene la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca. A su juicio, en la
+discusioÌ?n particular habraÌ? de analizarse con detencioÌ?n las proposiciones
+que se formulen para disminuir parte de esas atribuciones.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or Arancibia, senÌ?aloÌ? que procede en esta
+ocasioÌ?n tratar aquellas cuestiones maÌ?s relevantes que se advirtieron
+durante las audiencias. De ellas se pueden desprender dos grandes
+posiciones: algunos que procuran que este proyecto de ley sea tramitado lo
+antes posible para ordenar el sector pesquero y otros que abogan por su
+postergacioÌ?n para legislar con mayor reflexioÌ?n. AgregoÌ? que esta iniciativa
+se presentoÌ? tarde a traÌ?mite legislativo y es posible que se ejerza presioÌ?n
+para despacharlo antes del 31 de diciembre de este anÌ?o.
+
+
+ Enseguida, intervino el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Sabag, quien se
+refirioÌ? a la posibilidad de separar esta iniciativa en dos cuerpos legales,
+pues respecto del sector industrial hay bastante consenso en cuanto a
+legislar sobre la medida de administracioÌ?n pesquera denominada liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura, cuestioÌ?n que no es compartida por una parte de los
+pescadores artesanales y, por tanto, habraÌ? de estudiarse maÌ?s en detalle lo
+relacionado con este sector.
+
+
+ Respecto de las cuestiones planteadas, el Subsecretario de Pesca,
+senÌ?or Sandoval, manifestoÌ? que su principal preocupacioÌ?n, desde que asumioÌ?
+el cargo, fue proponer un proyecto de ley que mejorara a todo el sector
+pesquero nacional. AgregoÌ? que por ello se reunioÌ? en innumerables ocasiones
+con las organizaciones que fueron recibidas en audiencias por esta
+ComisioÌ?n, de modo que todos los actores del sector pesquero conociÌ?an esta
+iniciativa.
+
+
+ El Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, senÌ?or RodriÌ?guez,
+manifestoÌ? que el principal objetivo del proyecto es dar estabilidad al
+sector de pesca extractiva, especialmente al aÌ?rea industrial que es la que
+hace las veces de motor de otras muchas industrias. RecordoÌ? que en la
+primera sesioÌ?n que esta ComisioÌ?n celebroÌ?, hizo presente que el sector
+pesquero, sin aumentar la captura de los anÌ?os anteriores, ha sido capaz de
+incorporar valor agregado a sus productos en alrededor de 19%, gracias al
+ordenamiento que la ley transitoria generoÌ?. Por ello -destacoÌ?- una
+iniciativa que ha producido buenos resultados debe contar con apoyo y, por
+la misma razoÌ?n, eÌ?sta se ha integrado a la agenda pro crecimiento. Hizo
+presente que no avanzar en este sentido crea incertidumbre en el sector
+pesquero nacional que requiere de reglas claras y estables para invertir y
+hacer progresar al paiÌ?s. ManifestoÌ? que es difiÌ?cil que un inversionista
+proyecte una empresa amparado en una ley de breve duracioÌ?n. En cambio, una
+ley que le deÌ? quince anÌ?os de estabilidad efectiva facilita la posibilidad
+de financiar industrias y de ordenar la actividad.
+
+
+ Por lo expresado, solicitoÌ? a la instancia legislativa realizar un
+esfuerzo para aprobar el proyecto en el curso de este anÌ?o; no obstante lo
+cual, si en los uÌ?ltimos diÌ?as de noviembre no se detecta un avance
+sustantivo, habraÌ? que estudiar la posibilidad de prorrogar la ley
+transitoria.
+
+
+ En relacioÌ?n con el planteamiento precedente, el Honorable Senador
+senÌ?or Arancibia expuso que es evidente que la ley que establecioÌ? el liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura ha permitido ordenar la industria extractiva, razoÌ?n por
+la que este sector observa positivamente que se legisle respecto de esta
+materia. Sin embargo, hizo presente que si se consideran muchas de las
+intervenciones del sector artesanal se detecta cierta desazoÌ?n y una
+aspiracioÌ?n de que no se legisle apresuradamente. AgregoÌ? que el sector
+artesanal tiene el sentimiento, justificado o no, de que hasta el momento
+ha sido postergado y eso se ha dicho con mayor o menor intensidad en casi
+todas las audiencias celebradas. ExpresoÌ?, por uÌ?ltimo, que es de la mayor
+importancia estudiar con detencioÌ?n las normas que afectan a este sector
+para incorporarlo adecuadamente a la legislacioÌ?n pesquera.
+
+
+ Por lo que hace a la observacioÌ?n precedente, el Ministro de EconomiÌ?a,
+Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n, senÌ?or RodriÌ?guez, senÌ?aloÌ? que la mayoriÌ?a de los
+pescadores artesanales estaÌ?n a favor de este proyecto y los que se oponen
+son aquellos que tienen un caraÌ?cter semi industrial, a los que se les
+impondraÌ? la obligacioÌ?n de pagar patente, instalar posicionador satelital en
+sus naves y cumplir con otras exigencias. AgregoÌ? que sin perjuicio de ello,
+este proyecto beneficiaraÌ? al sector pues sus normas contribuiraÌ?n a ordenar
+la actividad. En efecto, la iniciativa protege al mundo artesanal pues de
+los recursos que se obtendraÌ?n con el pago de patentes una parte importante
+se destinaraÌ? al fondo artesanal. El desarrollo de la industria pesquera,
+merced a este proyecto de ley, contribuiraÌ? al progreso del segmento
+artesanal porque lo va a orientar a buscar buenos mercados para sus
+productos y, por tanto, va a representar una ganancia con una posibilidad
+de desarrollo significativa. A partir de ello, dijo no compartir la idea de
+separar de esta iniciativa las normas que se aplican al sector artesanal
+pues ellas son positivas y, en general, responden a las demandas que los
+pescadores artesanales han planteado histoÌ?ricamente.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, intervino el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Ruiz de Giorgio,
+quien senÌ?aloÌ? que el objeto de la ley transitoria era salir al paso del
+colapso que estaba sufriendo la pesca extractiva del jurel. AgregoÌ? que en
+esa oportunidad se dijo que habriÌ?a el tiempo suficiente para discutir este
+proyecto y analizar en detalle cada uno de sus aspectos. Ahora -continuoÌ?-
+se da el argumento de que es necesario legislar apresuradamente pues la
+postergacioÌ?n crea incertidumbre. En opinioÌ?n del senÌ?or Senador, crea maÌ?s
+incertidumbre la circunstancia de que ahora no haya iniciativas para
+prorrogar la legislacioÌ?n vigente.
+
+
+ Hizo presente que el estudio de este proyecto demandaraÌ? mucho tiempo
+por las innumerables indicaciones que habraÌ?n de presentarse, y que cada
+tema requeriraÌ? de informacioÌ?n y dedicacioÌ?n. Para subsanar esta situacioÌ?n,
+propuso estudiar la posibilidad de que se someta a traÌ?mite legislativo otro
+proyecto que prorrogue la vigencia de la ley que establecioÌ? el liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura, lo que aliviariÌ?a la discusioÌ?n de esta ley que podriÌ?a asiÌ?
+hacerse en profundidad y adecuadamente.
+
+
+ De no proceder en la forma propuesta, continuoÌ?, se pone al Congreso
+en un pie forzado pues si no se aprueba este proyecto se afirma que se
+renovariÌ?a la carrera oliÌ?mpica. NinguÌ?n parlamentario -afirmoÌ?- desea esa
+situacioÌ?n pero tampoco es conveniente legislar sin considerar los diversos
+mecanismos a traveÌ?s de los cuales se puede implementar el sistema de liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura. A su juicio, es preferible, disminuir la presioÌ?n y dar
+un curso adecuado al estudio de esta iniciativa, pero para ello es
+conveniente que el Ejecutivo acceda al planteamiento que se le hizo en su
+oportunidad e ingrese un proyecto distinto con el fin de prorrogar la
+vigencia de la actual ley mientras se analiza con profundidad la iniciativa
+en debate.
+
+
+ Enseguida, intervino el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Viera Gallo, quien
+expresoÌ? que lo importante es dar una senÌ?al al paiÌ?s en orden a que se quiere
+avanzar en esta materia, y que durante el debate en particular se estudien
+las enmiendas que se estime conveniente introducir. Si el Senado opta por
+la idea de legislar se crea la sensacioÌ?n de que esta proposicioÌ?n de ley
+avanza por un determinado camino.
+
+
+ Respecto de estos planteamientos, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Avila
+manifestoÌ? que con este proyecto se quiere crear las condiciones para dar
+al sector pesquero una regulacioÌ?n de largo plazo, resolviendo los problemas
+que se ha debido confrontar a traveÌ?s de estos anÌ?os. Hizo presente que ese
+objetivo no se lograraÌ? con apresuramientos, porque los eventuales acuerdos
+estaÌ?n recieÌ?n en gestacioÌ?n. AdvirtioÌ? que la ComisioÌ?n ha solicitado a los
+diferentes actores que han acudido a las audiencias que formulen
+indicaciones especiÌ?ficas para procesarlas, con el fin de resolverlas una a
+una; pero para eso se requiere un tiempo del cual se careceriÌ?a si se
+apresuran los tiempos de discusioÌ?n. AgregoÌ? que, ademaÌ?s, no hay que perder
+de vista uno de los objetivos centrales de este proyecto, cual es la
+conservacioÌ?n. Respecto de esta materia, destacoÌ? la necesidad de legislar
+acerca de las artes de pesca en forma muy especiÌ?fica porque, en definitiva,
+en ellas se encuentra la raiÌ?z de muchos de los problemas que se han
+advertido. Por otra parte, la mayor o menor velocidad que se imponga a la
+tramitacioÌ?n del proyecto pasa por definir un tema, a su juicio crucial, que
+tiene que ver con la forma coÌ?mo se fracciona la cuota global entre el
+sector industrial y el artesanal. Este proyecto -prosiguioÌ?- no puede eludir
+enfrentar esa situacioÌ?n porque si la deja sin resolver, la instancia
+legislativa no se estaraÌ? haciendo cargo del motivo principal de los
+conflictos.
+
+
+ Por su parte, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Horvath senÌ?aloÌ? que en la
+discusioÌ?n previa, se ha definido con bastante precisioÌ?n el tema en debate.
+En lo que respecta a la pesca artesanal, es necesario actualizar y
+configurar adecuadamente el registro artesanal; establecer un mecanismo de
+cuotas entre industriales y artesanales y un procedimiento para
+subdividirlas entre ambos. En lo que se refiere al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+por armador, puntualizoÌ? que ha tenido la oportunidad de visitar plantas
+industriales y ver coÌ?mo se estaÌ? trabajando con una perspectiva distinta de
+la que se conocioÌ? en la ley de pesca original. Ahora es el tiempo para
+agregar valor a los productos y contratar trabajo, aunque recordoÌ? que si
+bien hubo un ajuste laboral bastante duro, tal fenoÌ?meno fue el resultado de
+la sobre explotacioÌ?n de los recursos.
+
+
+ Enseguida, se refirioÌ? a los consejos zonales, siendo de parecer que
+es menester buscar soluciones para que las regiones se sientan mejor
+representadas y no afectadas por consejos zonales vecinos.
+
+
+6.1 IDEA DE LEGISLAR
+
+
+ Concluido el debate anterior, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Arancibia,
+Presidente de la ComisioÌ?n, puso en votacioÌ?n la idea de legislar respecto de
+este proyecto de ley.
+
+
+ En primer lugar, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Sabag manifestoÌ? su
+disposicioÌ?n favorable al proyecto, pues con eÌ?l se materializa y se da
+estabilidad a la medida de administracioÌ?n de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por
+armador, iniciativa esta uÌ?ltima que, en su oportunidad, patrocinoÌ? junto con
+otros senÌ?ores Senadores, con el propoÌ?sito de dar una solucioÌ?n efectiva a
+los problemas que afectaban a la VIII RegioÌ?n. AgregoÌ? que la experiencia de
+estos anÌ?os ha dado la razoÌ?n a sus autores pues la aplicacioÌ?n de la ley
+transitoria ha significado un progreso para la industria y ha ayudado a los
+trabajadores y al paiÌ?s en su conjunto. Por lo anterior, estimoÌ? necesario
+aprobar el proyecto en discusioÌ?n precisamente para que haya estabilidad en
+las inversiones y pueda agregarse mayor mano de obra a los productos
+pesqueros, todo ello con una adecuada regulacioÌ?n y control.
+
+
+ A continuacioÌ?n, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Ruiz de Giorgio se
+pronuncioÌ? en contra de la iniciativa por las siguientes razones: Primero,
+porque si bien el enunciado del proyecto y sus fundamentos le parecen
+pertinentes, el desarrollo del articulado no se condice con lo que plantea
+el mensaje del Ejecutivo. AgregoÌ? que, a su juicio, no estaÌ? debidamente
+resguardada la proteccioÌ?n de los recursos que tiene que ver maÌ?s con la
+forma coÌ?mo se fija la cuota global anual que con la determinacioÌ?n de la
+cuota individual o el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, que es un proceso de
+ordenamiento.
+
+
+ En este sentido, senÌ?aloÌ? que el tema de la investigacioÌ?n pesquera no
+estaÌ? correctamente abordado. Toda autoridad requiere de informacioÌ?n
+confiable y segura. La institucionalidad de la investigacioÌ?n, a su juicio,
+es insuficiente, pues en la foÌ?rmula ideada para establecer la cuota global
+anual tienen un rol importante quienes son actores del sector pesquero, es
+decir, los que tienen el mayor intereÌ?s en pescar. AgregoÌ? que en razoÌ?n de la
+postura de los industriales que estaÌ?n presente en el Consejo Nacional de
+Pesca, no se pudo establecer cuotas globales anuales para el jurel durante
+anÌ?os y no se permitioÌ? cerrar el acceso a determinadas pesqueriÌ?as, lo que
+facilitoÌ? la inscripcioÌ?n de un nuÌ?mero importante de naves que hoy generan
+derecho a cuota. AgregoÌ? que es menester dotar a la autoridad de
+instrumentos para determinar la cuota global basada en criterios
+cientiÌ?ficos y teÌ?cnicos con el fin de adoptar decisiones que resguarden el
+recurso. Si la decisioÌ?n recae en un Consejo en el que estaÌ?n involucrados
+los actores, se abre la posibilidad para que se vulneren las
+recomendaciones que formule el estamento cientiÌ?fico. Si las decisiones las
+adopta la autoridad poliÌ?tica, en tanto, pueden generarse presiones de
+iÌ?ndole social que impidan cautelar adecuadamente estos recursos. En
+consecuencia, se requiere de una institucionalidad de caraÌ?cter teÌ?cnico que
+tenga un respaldo legal, cuyas decisiones no puedan ser vulneradas por
+otros elementos, y una instancia superior que garantice que las cuotas que
+se entreguen no sobrepasen la capacidad de los recursos. El propio proyecto
+contiene un mecanismo que si bien mejora la situacioÌ?n actual, no da una
+respuesta adecuada a estos observaciones. En este sentido se preguntoÌ? ¿QueÌ?
+habriÌ?a ocurrido el anÌ?o 1997 cuando se redujo considerablemente el stock, si
+hubiera estado vigentes las normas de este proyecto? Estima que la
+AdministracioÌ?n Pesquera habriÌ?a estado impedida de reducir la cuota de
+pesca, porque de acuerdo con la iniciativa en debate tiene que establecerse
+la cifra maÌ?s alta entre el 80% de la cuota del anÌ?o anterior o la que
+proponga la autoridad pesquera, y si se da la hipoÌ?tesis de que la biomasa
+baja a un volumen inferior a dicho porcentaje (80%), legalmente no habriÌ?a
+atribucioÌ?n para establecer una cuota inferior a eÌ?l.
+
+
+ En seguida, senÌ?aloÌ? que el tema de la institucionalidad estaÌ?
+estrechamente relacionado con esta problemaÌ?tica. A su juicio, deben existir
+consejos de pesca como elementos asesores de la autoridad para sentar en
+una misma mesa a los actores, discutir sus puntos de vista y escucharlos,
+pero las decisiones deben adoptarse en una instancia ajena a ellos.
+
+
+ Respecto del tema de las cuotas individuales o liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura, estimoÌ? necesario insistir en que este es un elemento que si soÌ?lo
+considera el registro histoÌ?rico la solucioÌ?n no aparece como la maÌ?s
+adecuada, pues seguiraÌ?n pescando por 15 anÌ?os quienes estaÌ?n ahora en la
+actividad con posibilidades de continuar adelante porque la decisioÌ?n de
+prorrogar la medida estaraÌ? radicada en el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica con
+acuerdo del Consejo Nacional de Pesca, que es lo mismo que decir que se
+continuaraÌ? con este sistema. Finalmente, respecto del tema que planteoÌ? el
+Honorable Senador senÌ?or Avila, que es el del fraccionamiento de la cuota
+entre industriales y pescadores artesanales, manifestoÌ? que era este el
+asunto en que radica el conflicto del sistema pesquero. Si el
+fraccionamiento entre la cuota de los artesanales y la de los industriales
+no queda definido en la ley, es de parecer que no se resolveraÌ? uno de los
+temas maÌ?s importantes que debe abordar este proyecto.
+
+
+ A su turno, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or AÌ?vila expresoÌ? que dado que no
+se puede durante la discusioÌ?n en general en la ComisioÌ?n proponer enmiendas
+al articulado del proyecto, lo que envuelve un riesgo inminente de que
+luego eÌ?ste se apruebe como ha sido presentado por el Ejecutivo, no estima
+conveniente darle su aprobacioÌ?n, razoÌ?n por la que manifiesta su voto
+negativo a la iniciativa.
+
+
+ El Honorable Senador senÌ?or RiÌ?os expresoÌ? que concurriÌ?a con su voto
+favorable a este proyecto, pues resuelve muchas de las materias que se han
+planteado en las audiencias previas celebradas por la ComisioÌ?n y que se han
+reiterado en esta sesioÌ?n. Piensa que esta iniciativa puede significar un
+gran progreso para el sector artesanal, no obstante lo cual sus
+disposiciones deben ser perfeccionadas en la discusioÌ?n en particular.
+RecordoÌ? que respecto de los temas que aborda el proyecto se abriraÌ? un
+periÌ?odo de indicaciones que es muy importante para perfeccionar su texto.
+Hizo presente que tanto la Ley OrgaÌ?nica del Congreso como el Reglamento del
+Senado han establecido que salvo las excepciones que el mismo Reglamento
+senÌ?ala, la discusioÌ?n en general se realice sobre la ideas matrices o
+fundamentales de un proyecto y que en el segundo informe o discusioÌ?n
+particular se examine en detalle el meÌ?rito de cada una de sus disposiciones
+y las enmiendas que tal anaÌ?lisis aconseje.
+
+
+ Finalmente, el Honorable Senador senÌ?or Arancibia, anuncioÌ? su parecer
+favorable a este proyecto, pues aunque comparte las inquietudes senÌ?aladas
+por los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Avila y Ruiz de Giorgio, en temas
+tales como la institucionalidad del sector pesquero, el fraccionamiento de
+la cuota global y los problemas que afectan a la pesca artesanal, tiene el
+convencimiento de que estas materias se pueden perfeccionar en la discusioÌ?n
+en particular. AfirmoÌ? tener la esperanza de que cuando se reciban las
+proposiciones de modificaciones que se han solicitado a las organizaciones
+que asistieron a las audiencias que celebroÌ? la ComisioÌ?n se podraÌ?n formular
+enmiendas al texto propuesto por el Ejecutivo que mejor adecuÌ?en sus normas
+a una buena regulacioÌ?n de la actividad pesquera.
+
+
+
+ 6.- ACUERDO DE LA COMISIOÌ?N
+
+
+ Habida consideracioÌ?n de lo expuesto en el paÌ?rrafo precedente, se
+pronunciaron a favor del proyecto los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Jorge
+Arancibia, Mario RiÌ?os y Hosain Sabag. Votaron por su rechazo los Honorables
+Senadores senÌ?ores Nelson AÌ?vila y JoseÌ? Ruiz de Giorgio.
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+ En consecuencia , esta ComisioÌ?n tiene a honra proponer a la Sala la
+aprobacioÌ?n de este proyecto de ley en los teÌ?rminos consignados a
+continuacioÌ?n. AcompanÌ?amos a este informe un texto comparado que contiene el
+articulado de la Ley General de Pesca en vigencia y las proposiciones de
+enmiendas contenidas en la iniciativa.
+
+
+ Proyecto de ley:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º.- IntroduÌ?cense las siguientes modificaciones a la Ley
+General de Pesca y Acuicultura, cuyo texto refundido fue fijado por el D.S.
+Nº 430 de 1991, del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n:
+
+
+ 1. SustituÌ?yese, en el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 1º, las palabras
+"los recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos" por "las especies hidrobioloÌ?gicas"; e
+intercaÌ?lase entre las expresiones "aguas terrestres," y "aguas interiores",
+la expresioÌ?n "playa de mar,".
+
+
+ 2. IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 1º, el siguiente artiÌ?culo
+1º A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 1º A.- En la regulacioÌ?n de las actividades indicadas en el
+artiÌ?culo anterior y en todas las medidas que se adopten en conformidad con
+lo dispuesto en esta Ley, deberaÌ? observarse el principio precautorio. En
+tal sentido, se deberaÌ? adoptar siempre aquella decisioÌ?n que no comprometa
+las expectativas de desarrollo de las generaciones futuras.
+
+Cuando existan riesgos para la conservacioÌ?n de especies o recursos
+hidrobioloÌ?gicos, la falta de certeza cientiÌ?fica sobre tal circunstancia no
+podraÌ? invocarse como razoÌ?n para postergar la adopcioÌ?n de medidas eficaces
+para evitar o revertir tales riesgos en un plazo que considere el tiempo
+generacional del recurso o especie hidrobioloÌ?gica que se trate.
+
+A su vez, al establecerse medidas de conservacioÌ?n de las especies
+reguladas, se tendraÌ? en cuenta el efecto de la pesca de determinados
+recursos sobre otras especies asociadas o dependientes de aquellas, y sobre
+el ecosistema marino en su conjunto, a fin de prevenir o minimizar el
+riesgo de alteraciones irreversibles.".
+
+
+ 3. ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 2º en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en el numeral 2), entre la palabra "extractiva" y
+antes del punto seguido ".", la frase "o las provenientes de cultivos".
+
+
+ b)SustituÌ?yese el numeral 29), por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "29) Pesca artesanal: actividad pesquera extractiva realizada por
+personas naturales que en forma personal, directa y habitual, trabajan como
+pescadores artesanales, con o sin el empleo de una embarcacioÌ?n artesanal.
+
+
+ Se consideraraÌ? tambieÌ?n como pesca artesanal la actividad pesquera
+extractiva que realicen las personas juriÌ?dicas, siempre que eÌ?stas esteÌ?n
+compuestas exclusivamente por personas naturales inscritas como pescadores
+artesanales en los teÌ?rminos establecidos en esta ley.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de esta ley, las personas que ejerzan la actividad
+tendraÌ?n una de las siguientes categoriÌ?as: armador artesanal, buzo,
+recolector de orilla y pescador artesanal propiamente tal.
+
+
+ - Armador artesanal: es el pescador artesanal que explota
+directamente o a cuyo nombre se explotan hasta dos embarcaciones
+artesanales, las cuales en conjunto no podraÌ?n exceder en 50 toneladas en
+registro grueso. Si los propietarios o tenedores de una embarcacioÌ?n
+artesanal son dos o maÌ?s personas, se entenderaÌ? que todos ellos son sus
+armadores artesanales, existiendo siempre responsabilidad solidaria entre
+todos ellos para los efectos de las sanciones impuestas de conformidad a
+esta ley.
+
+
+ - Pescador artesanal propiamente tal: es aquel que se desempenÌ?a como
+patroÌ?n, tripulante, o asistente de buzo en una embarcacioÌ?n artesanal.
+
+
+ - Buzo: es el pescador artesanal que realiza actividad extractiva de
+recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos mediante buceo con aire, abastecido desde
+superficie o en forma autoÌ?noma, con o sin el empleo de embarcaciones
+artesanales.
+
+
+ - Recolector de orilla: es el pescador artesanal o buzo apnea que
+realiza actividades de extraccioÌ?n, recoleccioÌ?n o segado de recursos
+hibrobioloÌ?gicos, sin el empleo de una embarcacioÌ?n artesanal.
+
+
+ Las categoriÌ?as antes senÌ?aladas no seraÌ?n excluyentes unas de otras,
+pudiendo por tanto una persona ser calificada y actuar simultaÌ?nea o
+sucesivamente en dos o maÌ?s de ellas, siempre que todas se ejerciten en la
+misma RegioÌ?n, sin perjuicio de las excepciones que contempla el tiÌ?tulo IV
+de la presente ley.".
+
+
+ c) IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del numeral 31), el siguiente nuÌ?mero
+31 bis):
+
+
+ "31 bis) PesqueriÌ?a Artesanal: Conjunto de actividades de la pesca
+artesanal respecto de una especie hidrobioloÌ?gica determinada y su fauna
+acompanÌ?ante, si corresponde, en un aÌ?rea de pesca y con un determinado arte,
+aparejo o implemento de pesca.
+
+
+ La SubsecretariÌ?a estableceraÌ? mediante ResolucioÌ?n, previo informe
+teÌ?cnico del Servicio y consulta al Consejo Zonal de Pesca que corresponda,
+la noÌ?mina de pesqueriÌ?as artesanales que conformaraÌ?n el Registro Artesanal.
+
+
+ La SubsecretariÌ?a deberaÌ? actualizar, una vez al anÌ?o, la noÌ?mina de
+pesqueriÌ?as artesanales, considerando las solicitudes para inscribir
+recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos no comprendidos en la noÌ?mina anterior y creando
+nuevas pesqueriÌ?as, si corresponde.".
+
+
+ d) ReemplaÌ?zase en el numeral 34), la palabra "pesqueriÌ?a" por las
+palabras "o maÌ?s pesqueriÌ?as"; e intercaÌ?lase entre las palabras "biopesquero"
+y "econoÌ?mico", la expresioÌ?n "ecoloÌ?gico", seguida de una coma ",".
+
+
+ e) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 40) por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "40) Registro Nacional de Pescadores y Embarcaciones Artesanales o
+Registro Artesanal: noÌ?mina de pescadores y embarcaciones artesanales
+habilitadas para realizar actividades de pesca artesanal que llevaraÌ? el
+Servicio por regiones, caletas base, categoriÌ?as y pesqueriÌ?as, seguÌ?n
+corresponda. Se inscribiraÌ?n tambieÌ?n en el Registro Artesanal, las personas
+juriÌ?dicas compuestas exclusivamente por personas naturales inscritas como
+pescadores artesanales.
+
+
+ Para efectos de administracioÌ?n pesquera, el Registro Artesanal se
+dividiraÌ? en tres secciones, considerando si el esfuerzo de pesca se ejerce
+directa o indirectamente sobre una pesqueriÌ?a artesanal.".
+
+
+ f) AgreÌ?gase, a continuacioÌ?n del numeral 48), los siguientes nuÌ?meros
+49), 50) y 51):
+
+
+ "49) Temporada de pesca: periÌ?odo dentro de un anÌ?o calendario o doce
+meses sucesivos, en que se autoriza la extraccioÌ?n de una determinada
+especie, en un aÌ?rea especiÌ?fica, prohibieÌ?ndose la captura o extraccioÌ?n en el
+periÌ?odo no comprendido en la correspondiente temporada.
+
+
+ 50) LiÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura: medida de administracioÌ?n que consiste
+en distribuir la fraccioÌ?n industrial de la cuota global de captura de una
+determinada unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, entre los armadores pesqueros industriales
+que cuenten con autorizaciones de pesca vigentes en ella.
+
+
+ 51) Implemento de pesca: dispositivo o utensilio empleado
+directamente para la captura de un recurso hidrobioloÌ?gico, tales como:
+tenazas, rastrillos, garfios, armas de fuego, u otros. Se incluiraÌ? en esta
+clasificacioÌ?n el buceo.".
+
+
+ 4. ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 3º en lo siguiente:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en la letra a), a continuacioÌ?n de la expresioÌ?n "veda
+bioloÌ?gica", la expresioÌ?n "y extractiva"; y despueÌ?s de las palabras "por
+especie", la expresioÌ?n "o por sexo".
+
+
+ b) AgreÌ?gase en la letra b), a continuacioÌ?n del punto aparte que pasa
+a ser seguido, la siguiente oracioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 1º, estas prohibiciones
+podraÌ?n extenderse a todo el territorio nacional, en aquellos casos en que
+la distribucioÌ?n de las especies protegidas se exceda del aÌ?mbito establecido
+en el artiÌ?culo 1º.".
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese la letra c) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "c) FijacioÌ?n de cuota global de captura por especie y aÌ?rea
+determinada, la que podraÌ? establecerse por anÌ?o calendario, por doce meses
+sucesivos, o por temporadas de pesca.
+
+
+ La cuota global de captura podraÌ? fijarse para maÌ?s de uno de los
+periodos contemplados en el inciso anterior, en un mismo decreto.
+
+
+ La cuota global deberaÌ? fraccionarse entre el sector artesanal e
+industrial, cuando corresponda. Cada fraccioÌ?n, a su vez, podraÌ? ser
+distribuida en dos o maÌ?s eÌ?pocas dentro del periÌ?odo correspondiente, y en
+una o maÌ?s aÌ?reas de pesca, o en una o maÌ?s aÌ?reas dentro de la respectiva
+unidad de pesqueriÌ?a.
+
+
+ La cuota y su distribucioÌ?n podraÌ?n modificarse durante su vigencia.
+
+
+ PodraÌ? establecerse fundadamente, mediante resolucioÌ?n, una reserva de
+la cuota global de captura para fines de investigacioÌ?n. Asimismo, podraÌ?
+establecerse una reserva de la cuota global o de cada una de sus
+fracciones, para ser capturada en calidad de fauna acompanÌ?ante.
+
+
+ Una vez agotada la cuota global de captura, la especie respectiva se
+entenderaÌ? en veda.
+
+
+ El fraccionamiento entre el sector industrial y artesanal podraÌ?
+establecerse mediante decreto para maÌ?s de un periÌ?odo, aplicaÌ?ndose a las
+cuotas globales de captura que se fijen para esos periÌ?odos, de acuerdo a
+los incisos anteriores. Una vez establecido, no podraÌ? ser modificado.".
+
+
+ 5. ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 4º en la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero, la expresioÌ?n "previo informe
+teÌ?cnico del", por "previa consulta al".
+
+
+ b) IntercaÌ?lase en la letra a), entre las palabras "tamanÌ?os" y
+"miÌ?nimos", la expresioÌ?n "o pesos"; y sustituÌ?yese la segunda oracioÌ?n por la
+siguiente: "En ninguÌ?n caso la talla miÌ?nima podraÌ? ser inferior al valor
+menor entre la talla de primera madurez sexual o la talla criÌ?tica de la
+especie respectiva.".
+
+
+ c) IntercaÌ?lase en la letra b), entre la palabra "artes" y la frase "y
+los aparejos", la palabra "implementos" precedida de una coma (,).
+
+
+ d) AgreÌ?gase a continuacioÌ?n del literal b), las siguientes letras c):
+
+
+ "c) Establecimiento de temporadas de pesca por especie en un aÌ?rea
+determinada, o en una unidad de pesqueriÌ?a.".
+
+
+ 6. IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 4º, los siguientes
+artiÌ?culos 4º A y 4º B:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 4º A.- El Subsecretario, mediante ResolucioÌ?n fundada y
+previa consulta al respectivo Consejo Zonal de Pesca, podraÌ? administrar la
+fraccioÌ?n artesanal de la cuota global de recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos,
+establecida para cada una de las regiones, por aÌ?rea de pesca; caletas;
+artes, aparejos o implementos de pesca; o tamanÌ?o de las embarcaciones
+artesanales. A su vez, podraÌ? establecer diÌ?as de captura, los que podraÌ?n ser
+continuos o alternados. Se exceptuÌ?an de esta disposicioÌ?n, los recursos
+bentoÌ?nicos incluidos en el decreto a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo siguiente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 4º B.- En relacioÌ?n a los recursos bentoÌ?nicos que se incluyan
+en una noÌ?mina que fijaraÌ? el Ministerio mediante decreto, las medidas de
+administracioÌ?n establecidas en el artiÌ?culo 3º letras a) y c), y en el
+artiÌ?culo 4º, seraÌ?n adoptadas para cada regioÌ?n por el Director Zonal de
+Pesca que corresponda conforme a su competencia territorial. Las medidas
+antes senÌ?aladas se adoptaraÌ?n mediante ResolucioÌ?n fundada y previo informe
+teÌ?cnico.
+
+
+ TrataÌ?ndose de la fijacioÌ?n de la cuota de captura de pesqueriÌ?as
+bentoÌ?nicas con su acceso suspendido, se requeriraÌ? ademaÌ?s, consultar al
+Consejo Zonal de Pesca que corresponda.
+
+
+ Una vez fijada la cuota global de captura conforme al inciso
+anterior, el Director Zonal, previo informe teÌ?cnico y consulta al
+respectivo Consejo Zonal de Pesca, podraÌ? administrarla, dentro de cada
+RegioÌ?n de su competencia, por aÌ?rea de pesca; caletas; artes, aparejos o
+implementos de pesca; o tamanÌ?o de las embarcaciones artesanales. A su vez,
+podraÌ? establecer diÌ?as de captura, los que podraÌ?n ser continuos o
+alternados.".
+
+
+ 7. IntercaÌ?lase en el TiÌ?tulo II, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 7º, el
+siguiente PaÌ?rrafo 2°, nuevo, modificaÌ?ndose correlativamente la numeracioÌ?n
+los paÌ?rrafos siguientes.
+
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.1 "PaÌ?rrafo 2°
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.2 DEL LIÌ?MITE MAÌ?XIMO DE CAPTURA POR ARMADOR
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º A.- En las pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en plena explotacioÌ?n, el
+Ministerio, mediante decreto supremo fundado, previo informe teÌ?cnico de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a y aprobacioÌ?n del Consejo Nacional de Pesca, adoptada por la
+mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros en ejercicio, podraÌ? establecer la medida de
+administracioÌ?n liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador.
+
+
+ La medida de administracioÌ?n regiraÌ?, a partir del anÌ?o calendario, doce
+meses sucesivos o temporada siguiente, seguÌ?n corresponda, a la fecha de su
+establecimiento, por el plazo de quince anÌ?os.
+
+
+ La medida consistiraÌ? en distribuir la cuota global de captura
+asignada al sector industrial, para la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, entre los
+armadores que tengan naves con autorizacioÌ?n de pesca vigente para
+desarrollar actividades pesqueras extractivas en ella, a la fecha de
+publicacioÌ?n de la ResolucioÌ?n a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 7º E.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º B.- Para los efectos de la aplicacioÌ?n de la medida de
+administracioÌ?n y durante su vigencia, deberaÌ?n fijarse cuotas globales de
+captura para la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a respectiva, de conformidad con lo
+dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 26 de esta Ley.
+
+
+ En el evento que el Consejo Nacional de Pesca no apruebe la magnitud
+de la cuota global de captura propuesta por la SubsecretariÌ?a, regiraÌ? para
+el periodo siguiente, automaÌ?ticamente, el mayor valor entre el 80% de la
+cuota global del periodo inmediatamente anterior y la propuesta de cuota de
+la SubsecretariÌ?a, fraccionada entre el sector industrial y artesanal en la
+misma proporcioÌ?n, si correspondiere. Si no existiere cuota global de
+captura para el periodo anterior, regiraÌ? como cuota global el mayor valor
+entre el 80% de las capturas totales realizadas en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a
+durante el periodo anterior y la propuesta de la SubsecretariÌ?a, manteniendo
+igualmente las proporciones entre ambos sectores, cuando correspondiere.
+
+
+ La cuota global de captura establecida para las pesqueriÌ?as sometidas
+a liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura deberaÌ? distribuirse en maÌ?s de un periÌ?odo dentro
+del anÌ?o calendario, doce meses sucesivos o temporada, seguÌ?n corresponda.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º C.- Los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura que correspondan a
+cada armador en la cuota global de captura que se fije en una determinada
+unidad de pesqueriÌ?a, seraÌ?n establecidos por decreto, en forma previa al
+periodo extractivo. En los casos que la cuota de captura se determine para
+maÌ?s de uno de los periodos contemplados en el artiÌ?culo 3º letra c), el
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura deberaÌ? establecerse igualmente una vez al anÌ?o y en
+forma previa al periodo extractivo.
+
+
+ Cuando se modifique la cuota global de captura, deberaÌ? modificarse el
+decreto que establece los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura por armador.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º D.- El liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador seraÌ? el
+resultado de multiplicar el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo por
+armador, expresado en porcentaje con siete decimales, por la cuota de
+captura, correspondiente al sector industrial, expresada en toneladas.
+
+
+ El coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo por armador seraÌ? el
+resultado de dividir las capturas de todas las naves autorizadas al
+armador, a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la ResolucioÌ?n senÌ?alada en el artiÌ?culo
+siguiente, del periÌ?odo correspondiente a los cuatro anÌ?os calendarios
+anteriores al establecimiento de la medida, por las capturas totales del
+mismo periÌ?odo de todos los armadores que cuenten con autorizacioÌ?n vigente a
+esa misma fecha.
+
+
+ En el evento de que alguna de las naves se encuentre autorizada en
+virtud de una sustitucioÌ?n, se consideraraÌ?n las capturas efectuadas en el
+mismo periÌ?odo por la o las naves que dieron origen a eÌ?sta. Si en virtud de
+la sustitucioÌ?n se otorgoÌ? autorizacioÌ?n a dos o maÌ?s naves sustitutas, se
+distribuiraÌ?n entre ellas las capturas de las naves que les dieron origen,
+en la proporcioÌ?n que corresponda de acuerdo con el paraÌ?metro especiÌ?fico
+establecido en el reglamento de sustitucioÌ?n de embarcaciones pesqueras
+industriales.
+
+
+ Se entenderaÌ? por captura lo informado en el formulario de desembarque
+industrial, debidamente recibido por el Servicio, conforme a las
+disposiciones comunes contenidas en el TiÌ?tulo V de esta ley.
+
+
+ Lo dispuesto en el presente artiÌ?culo regiraÌ? para determinar los
+liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura por armador de todo el periodo de vigencia de la
+medida de administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º E.- Una vez decretada la medida de administracioÌ?n del
+artiÌ?culo 7º A y dentro de los 15 diÌ?as siguientes, la SubsecretariÌ?a deberaÌ?
+dictar una ResolucioÌ?n que contendraÌ?, para cada nave, la captura total anual
+de los 4 anÌ?os calendarios anteriores al establecimiento de la medida.
+
+
+ Los titulares de las autorizaciones de pesca podraÌ?n reclamar ante el
+Ministro, con antecedentes fundados, respecto de la informacioÌ?n consignada
+en la resolucioÌ?n anterior, dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as corridos contado
+desde su publicacioÌ?n. TrataÌ?ndose de reclamaciones relativas a la
+informacioÌ?n de captura, se deberaÌ? indicar especiÌ?ficamente la diferencia
+reclamada respecto de cada mes y anÌ?o. En caso contrario, la reclamacioÌ?n no
+seraÌ? acogida a traÌ?mite, respecto de esa materia.
+
+
+ El Ministro resolveraÌ? las reclamaciones en el plazo de 30 diÌ?as y
+comunicaraÌ? al interesado su decisioÌ?n por carta certificada.
+
+
+ Cuando deba modificarse el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo de
+un armador y, consecuentemente, su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, no se
+modificaraÌ?n los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura del resto de los titulares.
+
+
+ Con el objeto de determinar los titulares de autorizaciones de pesca
+vigentes sujetos a la aplicacioÌ?n de los limites maÌ?ximos de captura, a
+partir del segundo anÌ?o de vigencia de la medida, la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca
+deberaÌ? dictar, un mes antes del teÌ?rmino del periodo considerado para la
+cuota global, una ResolucioÌ?n que contenga el listado de los titulares de
+autorizaciones de pesca, con sus respectivas naves, y los certificados que
+hayan sido extendidos conforme a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 7º G de la
+presente Ley.
+
+
+ Los armadores podraÌ?n reclamar de dicha informacioÌ?n dentro del plazo
+de cinco diÌ?as corridos contado desde la publicacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n. El
+Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n resolveraÌ? dichas
+reclamaciones dentro del plazo de 10 diÌ?as.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º F.- Una vez publicado el decreto que establece los
+liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura por armador, los armadores podraÌ?n optar por
+someterse a esta medida de administracioÌ?n conjuntamente con otros armadores
+que se encuentren bajo la aplicacioÌ?n de la misma medida.
+
+
+ El grupo de armadores que opte por esta modalidad deberaÌ? manifestar
+su voluntad mediante escritura puÌ?blica presentada a la SubsecretariÌ?a dentro
+del plazo de 10 diÌ?as corridos contado desde la fecha de publicacioÌ?n del
+respectivo decreto. La SubsecretariÌ?a, dentro de los siguientes 10 diÌ?as
+corridos, dictaraÌ? una resolucioÌ?n reconociendo la participacioÌ?n conjunta de
+los armadores.
+
+
+ El ejercicio de esta opcioÌ?n es irrevocable durante el periodo
+correspondiente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º G.- Los armadores afectos al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura
+podraÌ?n optar por excluir una o maÌ?s de sus naves de la actividad pesquera
+extractiva. Esta opcioÌ?n deberaÌ? ser ejercida, durante la vigencia de la
+medida de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, mediante escritura puÌ?blica en que se
+individualice la nave y se exprese la voluntad del armador de acogerse a lo
+dispuesto en este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ Las naves respecto de las cuales se ejerza la opcioÌ?n, quedaraÌ?n
+permanente e irrevocablemente excluidas de la actividad pesquera
+extractiva, aun cuando con posterioridad sean enajenadas o pasen a
+cualquier tiÌ?tulo a la posesioÌ?n o tenencia de terceros.
+
+
+ La escritura puÌ?blica a que alude el inciso primero produciraÌ?, de
+pleno derecho, el teÌ?rmino de todas las autorizaciones de pesca vigentes a
+la fecha de su suscripcioÌ?n por el armador. Presentada ante la SubsecretariÌ?a
+de Pesca, eÌ?sta emitiraÌ? en beneficio del armador, un certificado en que se
+indique el historial de captura a que se refiere el inciso 1º del artiÌ?culo
+7º E, en cada unidad de pesqueriÌ?a autorizada al armador y sujeta a la
+presente medida de administracioÌ?n. Para los efectos del caÌ?lculo del liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura del respectivo armador, se consideraraÌ? el registro de
+capturas consignados en el mencionado certificado.
+
+
+ El certificado establecido en el inciso anterior seraÌ? enajenable soÌ?lo
+a otro armador que tenga nave con autorizacioÌ?n de pesca en una o maÌ?s de las
+unidades de pesqueriÌ?as contenidas en el certificado, y caducaraÌ? por el solo
+ministerio de la ley al teÌ?rmino de la vigencia de la medida de
+administracioÌ?n, en el evento de que eÌ?sta no sea prorrogada.
+
+
+ El armador podraÌ? acumular el historial de captura contenido en el
+certificado a que se refiere este artiÌ?culo, a una nave que tenga
+autorizada, a lo menos, una de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a contenidas en el
+certificado, operando en todo caso la acumulacioÌ?n exclusivamente respecto
+de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a que la nave tenga autorizadas. El armador
+deberaÌ? comunicar su voluntad de acumular las capturas a una nave,
+entregando a la SubsecretariÌ?a el certificado original. La SubsecretariÌ?a
+emitiraÌ? una ResolucioÌ?n que de cuenta de la acumulacioÌ?n en los teÌ?rminos
+antes indicados, invalidando el certificado emitido y cargando la patente
+correspondiente a la nave receptora de la acumulacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º H.- El armador o grupo de armadores que tengan maÌ?s de una
+nave bajo su titularidad, podraÌ?n optar por efectuar operaciones de pesca
+extractiva con una o maÌ?s de sus naves autorizadas. Para tal efecto, se
+deberaÌ? solicitar al Servicio, la inscripcioÌ?n de la o las naves con que se
+haraÌ? efectivo el respectivo liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura. La inscripcioÌ?n
+produciraÌ? efecto al diÌ?a siguiente haÌ?bil de presentada la solicitud por el
+armador o grupo de armadores.
+
+
+ Las naves inscritas de conformidad al inciso anterior podraÌ?n efectuar
+operaciones de pesca extractiva en toda el aÌ?rea de la respectiva unidad de
+pesqueriÌ?a, con excepcioÌ?n de los barcos faÌ?brica, que deberaÌ?n operar de
+acuerdo con lo establecido en esta ley, y con las limitaciones a las aÌ?reas
+de pesca establecidas para los artes o aparejos de pesca, contenidas en las
+respectivas autorizaciones de pesca.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, para el solo efecto de la historia de
+las capturas, las capturas efectuadas por las naves inscritas de acuerdo a
+este artiÌ?culo, se distribuiraÌ?n a prorrata entre todas las naves y
+certificados extendidos conforme a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 7º G que
+hayan dado origen al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador, de acuerdo con
+el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo de cada nave y certificado.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º I.- Durante la vigencia de la medida de administracioÌ?n,
+las naves que dan origen a liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura quedaraÌ?n exoneradas de
+la obligacioÌ?n de efectuar operacioÌ?n pesquera extractiva establecida en el
+artiÌ?culo 143 letra b) de esta ley, soÌ?lo respecto de la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a
+con liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador y su fauna acompanÌ?ante.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º J.- Cada cinco anÌ?os de aplicacioÌ?n de la medida, la
+SubsecretariÌ?a deberaÌ? determinar el porcentaje no capturado del liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura asignado a cada armador. En el evento que uno o maÌ?s
+armadores capturen en promedio menos del 90% de su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura, considerando al efecto los tres anÌ?os con mayor porcentaje de
+captura dentro de dicho periÌ?odo, se le deberaÌ? rebajar del coeficiente de
+participacioÌ?n relativo de cada nave autorizada o certificado que de origen
+a liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo, el porcentaje no capturado en ese periÌ?odo.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, no se consideraraÌ?n las capturas efectuadas en
+exceso del liÌ?mite autorizado. Asimismo, si al armador se le ha impuesto
+alguna de las sanciones establecidas en este paÌ?rrafo, se consideraraÌ? como
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo autorizado el que resulte despueÌ?s de aplicada la o las
+sanciones.
+
+
+ La sumatoria de los coeficientes de participacioÌ?n rebajados a uno o
+maÌ?s armadores de conformidad con los incisos precedentes, se distribuiraÌ?
+entre las naves y certificados que dieron origen al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura de los armadores no afectos a dicha rebaja, a prorrata de sus
+respectivos coeficientes relativos de participacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7 K.- La medida de administracioÌ?n prevista en este PaÌ?rrafo
+podraÌ? prorrogarse por el mismo plazo y conforme al mismo procedimiento
+establecido en el artiÌ?culo 7º A. La proÌ?rroga podraÌ? disponerse desde 48
+hasta 12 meses antes del teÌ?rmino de su vigencia.
+
+
+ En caso de proÌ?rroga, el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n relativo por
+armador seraÌ? el resultado de dividir las capturas de todas las naves
+autorizadas al armador y de los certificados extendidos en conformidad con
+el artiÌ?culo 7º G, a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la ResolucioÌ?n de informacioÌ?n
+senÌ?alada en el inciso siguiente, de las cuatro uÌ?ltimas asignaciones de
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, por las capturas totales del mismo periodo de
+todos los armadores que cuentan con autorizaciones vigentes o certificado a
+esa misma fecha.
+
+
+ Para los efectos anteriores, una vez decretada la proÌ?rroga de la
+medida, la SubsecretariÌ?a deberaÌ? dictar una ResolucioÌ?n que contendraÌ? para
+cada nave y certificado extendido en conformidad al artiÌ?culo 7º G de esta
+ley, la captura total correspondiente a las uÌ?ltimas cuatro asignaciones de
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador.
+
+
+ En todo lo demaÌ?s, se aplicaraÌ?n a la prorroga las normas establecidas
+en este paÌ?rrafo.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º L.- Para los efectos de lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 165
+de esta ley, se entenderaÌ? como norma de conservacioÌ?n y manejo, el liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura por armador a que se refiere esta ley.
+
+
+ Articulo 7º M.- Durante la vigencia de los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de
+captura, se suspenderaÌ? la publicacioÌ?n del listado de armadores y
+embarcaciones a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 22 de esta ley.
+
+
+ Asimismo, no obstante lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 24 inciso segundo
+de esta ley, durante la vigencia de la medida de administracioÌ?n, se
+renovaraÌ? automaÌ?ticamente, por el periodo senÌ?alado en dicho artiÌ?culo, la
+suspensioÌ?n de la recepcioÌ?n de solicitudes y el otorgamiento de nuevas
+autorizaciones de pesca en la respectiva unidad de pesqueriÌ?a.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º N.- Al armador o grupo de armadores que sobrepasen el
+liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura establecido en un anÌ?o calendario, doce meses
+sucesivos o temporada de pesca, se le descontaraÌ? durante el periodo
+siguiente el triple del exceso, expresado en porcentaje para cada uno de
+los coeficientes de participacioÌ?n relativos de cada una de las naves que
+dio origen al liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a
+correspondiente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º O.- Al armador o grupo de armadores que efectuÌ?e descarte,
+se le descontaraÌ? el 30% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura que le corresponda en
+la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a durante ese periodo. Si al armador o grupo de
+armadores se le hubiere agotado su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura para ese
+periodo, se le descontaraÌ? del siguiente.
+
+
+ Al armador o grupo de armadores que desembarque y no informe sus
+capturas de acuerdo con el procedimiento a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 63º,
+o no deÌ? cumplimiento al procedimiento de certificacioÌ?n a que se refiere el
+mismo artiÌ?culo en la forma y condiciones alliÌ? establecidas, se le
+descontaraÌ? el 10% del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura que le corresponda en la
+unidad de pesqueriÌ?a durante ese periodo. Si al armador o grupo de armadores
+se le hubiere agotado su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura para ese periodo, se le
+descontaraÌ? del siguiente.
+
+
+ Al armador o grupo de armadores que efectuÌ?e operaciones de pesca
+extractiva con una o maÌ?s de sus naves en aÌ?reas de reserva artesanal no
+autorizadas conforme al artiÌ?culo 47º de esta Ley, se le descontaraÌ? el 10%
+del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura que le corresponda en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a
+durante ese periodo. Si al armador o grupo de armadores se le hubiere
+agotado su liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura para ese periodo, se le descontaraÌ? del
+siguiente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º P.- En los casos que no puedan aplicarse las sanciones
+establecidas en los artiÌ?culos precedentes, por inexistencia de liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura derivada del teÌ?rmino de vigencia de la medida de
+administracioÌ?n, o por perdida de la calidad de armador por parte del
+infractor, eÌ?ste deberaÌ? pagar una multa a beneficio fiscal ascendente al
+doble del monto que resulte de multiplicar el valor sancioÌ?n de la especie
+respectiva, vigente a la fecha de la infraccioÌ?n, por las toneladas que de
+acuerdo a los artiÌ?culos precedentes deberiÌ?an ser descontadas del liÌ?mite
+maÌ?ximo de captura del infractor.
+
+
+ En el evento que, por teÌ?rmino de la vigencia de la medida, no se haya
+fijado cuota global de captura en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a correspondiente,
+para el caÌ?lculo antes indicado se consideraraÌ? la cuota global de captura
+del periÌ?odo en que se cometioÌ? la infraccioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 7º Q.- Las sanciones adminis-trativas a que se refieren los
+artiÌ?culos 7º N, 7° O y 7° P, seraÌ?n aplicadas por resolucioÌ?n de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a, previo informe del Servicio. Recibido el informe, la
+SubsecretariÌ?a deberaÌ? notificar esta circunstancia al armador o grupo de
+armadores afectados, remitiendo copia de eÌ?l, mediante carta certificada.
+
+
+ El armador o grupo de armadores dispondraÌ?n de un plazo de 15 diÌ?as
+corridos para hacer valer sus descargos. Vencido dicho plazo, con o sin los
+descargos del armador o grupo de armadores, la SubsecretariÌ?a dictaraÌ? la
+ResolucioÌ?n, aplicando la sancioÌ?n, si corresponde. La resolucioÌ?n seraÌ?
+notificada al armador o grupo de armadores por carta certificada.
+
+
+ Los afectados dispondraÌ?n del plazo de 10 diÌ?as, contado desde la
+notificacioÌ?n de la resolucioÌ?n anterior, para reclamar de ella ante el
+Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n. El Ministro dispondraÌ? del
+plazo de treinta diÌ?as para recabar los informes y antecedentes que estime
+necesarios y resolver la reclamacioÌ?n. La ResolucioÌ?n del Ministro que
+resuelva la reclamacioÌ?n no seraÌ? susceptible de recurso administrativo
+alguno. El recurso de reclamacioÌ?n no suspenderaÌ? la aplicacioÌ?n de la sancioÌ?n
+impuesta por resolucioÌ?n de la SubsecretariÌ?a.
+
+
+ Las notificaciones se entenderaÌ?n legalmente practicadas despueÌ?s de un
+plazo de tres diÌ?as contado desde la fecha de despacho de la carta
+certificada por la oficina de correos.".
+
+
+ 8.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 8º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 8º.- Para cada unidad de pesqueriÌ?a declarada en reÌ?gimen de
+plena explotacioÌ?n, de desarrollo incipiente o de recuperacioÌ?n, existiraÌ? un
+plan de manejo elaborado por la SubsecretariÌ?a. Para este efecto, la
+SubsecretariÌ?a elaboraraÌ? una propuesta que seraÌ? consultada al ComiteÌ?
+TeÌ?cnico, cuando corresponda, y al Consejo Nacional, los que deberaÌ?n evacuar
+la consulta en un plazo maÌ?ximo de 60 diÌ?as, transcurrido el cual la
+SubsecretariÌ?a podraÌ? prescindir de ellos.
+
+
+ Vencido el plazo senÌ?alado en el inciso anterior, la SubsecretariÌ?a
+deberaÌ? someter la propuesta a consulta puÌ?blica, publicaÌ?ndola en su sitio de
+dominio electroÌ?nico o mediante cualquier otro medio que permita el acceso y
+consulta por todo interesado.
+
+
+ Los interesados dispondraÌ?n del plazo de 30 diÌ?as contado desde la
+fecha de la publicacioÌ?n o difusioÌ?n, para formular sus observaciones.
+Recibidas las observaciones o transcurrido el plazo antes indicado, si
+correspondiere, la SubsecretariÌ?a complementaraÌ? el plan de manejo propuesto
+dentro de los 60 diÌ?as siguientes. Una vez transcurrido dicho lapso, la
+SubsecretariÌ?a aprobaraÌ? el plan de manejo mediante ResolucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ TrataÌ?ndose de pesqueriÌ?as bentoÌ?nicas con acceso suspendido,
+corresponderaÌ? al Director Zonal competente elaborar una propuesta de plan
+de manejo para cada una de ellas, que someteraÌ? a consulta al ComiteÌ?
+TeÌ?cnico, cuando corresponda, y al respectivo Consejo Zonal. Ambos
+organismos deberaÌ?n evacuar la consulta dentro del plazo de 60 diÌ?as contado
+desde el requerimiento. Transcurrido este plazo, con o sin los informes
+requeridos, el Director Zonal remitiraÌ? la propuesta de plan de manejo a la
+SubsecretariÌ?a, a objeto que eÌ?sta evaluÌ?e si la implementacioÌ?n del plan de
+manejo requiere coordinacioÌ?n con regiones no comprendidas en el aÌ?mbito
+territorial del Director Zonal.
+
+
+ Si la implementacioÌ?n del plan no requiere coordinacioÌ?n con otras
+regiones y asiÌ? lo determina la SubsecretariÌ?a, el Director Zonal someteraÌ? la
+propuesta a consulta puÌ?blica, en la forma, plazo y condiciones establecidas
+en el inciso segundo y tercero de este artiÌ?culo. Cumplido dicho
+procedimiento, la SubsecretariÌ?a aprobaraÌ? el plan de manejo mediante
+ResolucioÌ?n.
+
+
+ En caso que la SubsecretariÌ?a determine que la implementacioÌ?n del plan
+de manejo debe coordinarse con regiones comprendidas en el aÌ?mbito de
+competencia de otro u otros Directores Zonales, solicitaraÌ? a eÌ?stos la una
+propuesta de plan de manejo que deberaÌ? remitirse dentro del plazo de 60
+diÌ?as, siguieÌ?ndose, en lo demaÌ?s el procedimiento establecido en el inciso
+anterior. En este caso, la SubsecretariÌ?a aprobaraÌ? un plan de manejo que
+integre las distintas zonas.
+
+
+ Los Planes de Manejo deberaÌ?n evaluarse cada dos anÌ?os.".
+
+
+ 9.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 9° por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 9º.- El plan de manejo de una o maÌ?s pesqueriÌ?as contendraÌ?
+como miÌ?nimo los siguientes aspectos:
+
+
+ a) DiagnoÌ?stico de la o las pesqueriÌ?as.
+
+
+ b) Los objetivos de manejo y metas de corto, mediano y largo plazo.
+
+
+ c) El reÌ?gimen de administracioÌ?n, las medidas de conservacioÌ?n y manejo
+de la o las pesqueriÌ?as y sus reglas de aplicacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ d) Requerimientos del proceso de control y fiscalizacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ e) El programa de investigacioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ 10.- AgreÌ?gase en el artiÌ?culo 10º, antes del punto final, la frase "y
+en el sitio de dominio electroÌ?nico de la SubsecretariÌ?a.".
+
+
+ 11.- ReemplaÌ?zase la uÌ?ltima oracioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 20º por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "Concluido el plazo senÌ?alado en el decreto y no habieÌ?ndose declarado
+la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a en estado de plena explotacioÌ?n, en reÌ?gimen de
+desarrollo incipiente o de recuperacioÌ?n, la especie correspondiente quedaraÌ?
+en reÌ?gimen general de acceso.".
+
+
+ 12.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 26 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 26.- Sin perjuicio de los requisitos establecidos en el
+artiÌ?culo 3º, la fijacioÌ?n de cuotas globales de captura en unidades de
+pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en plena explotacioÌ?n requeriraÌ? consulta al Consejo
+Zonal que corresponda. Asimismo, la fijacioÌ?n de la cuota, su distribucioÌ?n y
+fraccionamiento, requeriraÌ? la aprobacioÌ?n del Consejo Nacional conforme a lo
+dispuesto en el PaÌ?rrafo 1º del TiÌ?tulo XII de esta ley.
+
+
+ La cuota que se fije regiraÌ? a partir del periÌ?odo siguiente. No
+obstante, para el anÌ?o de declaracioÌ?n del reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n, se
+podraÌ? fijar una cuota global para que rija ese mismo periÌ?odo.
+
+
+ La distribucioÌ?n de la cuota global que se fije podraÌ? modificarse de
+acuerdo al procedimiento establecido en el inciso primero de este artiÌ?culo.
+La magnitud de la cuota soÌ?lo podraÌ? ser modificada una vez en el periodo.".
+
+
+ 13.-IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 26, el siguiente
+artiÌ?culo 26 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 26 A.- Para el establecimiento de temporada de pesca en
+pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en plena explotacioÌ?n, se requeriraÌ? la aprobacioÌ?n del
+Consejo Nacional de Pesca adoptada por la mayoriÌ?a absoluta de sus miembros
+en ejercicio.".
+
+
+ 14.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 33 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 33.- Cuando se declare una unidad de pesqueriÌ?a en estado de
+plena explotacioÌ?n y se encuentre transitoriamente cerrado su acceso, se
+deberaÌ? cerrar, por igual periodo, la primera seccioÌ?n del registro pesquero
+artesanal en las regiones y pesqueriÌ?as artesanales correspondientes.
+
+
+ En estos casos, la cuota global de captura que se fije comprenderaÌ? la
+fraccioÌ?n artesanal e industrial y deberaÌ? establecerse de acuerdo al
+procedimiento del artiÌ?culo 26º de esta ley.".
+
+
+ 15.- SupriÌ?mase el artiÌ?culo 38.
+
+
+ 16.- SupriÌ?mase el inciso quinto del artiÌ?culo 43.
+
+
+ 17.- IncorpoÌ?rese, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 43, el siguiente
+artiÌ?culo 43 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 43 A.- Los titulares de autorizaciones de pesca en unidades
+de pesqueriÌ?as administradas con liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura, sea que efectuÌ?en
+o no la actividad conforme a la excepcioÌ?n establecida en el artiÌ?culo 7º H,
+y los titulares de certificados otorgados en conformidad con los artiÌ?culos
+7º G, 4º transitorio de esta ley, y 9° de la Ley 19.713, pagaraÌ?n el monto
+de la patente a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo anterior incrementada en un 55%
+durante el periodo de vigencia de dicha medida.".
+
+
+ 18.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 45 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 45.- La regulacioÌ?n de los permisos extraordinarios
+establecidos en el PaÌ?rrafo 2º del TiÌ?tulo III de esta ley, se aplicaraÌ? al
+PaÌ?rrafo 3º del mismo TiÌ?tulo, en lo que corresponda.".
+
+
+ 19.- IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 45, el siguiente
+artiÌ?culo 45 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 45 A.- Mediante decreto supremo, a iniciativa y previo
+informe teÌ?cnico de la SubsecretariÌ?a y con la aprobacioÌ?n de la mayoriÌ?a
+absoluta de los miembros en ejercicio del Consejo Nacional de Pesca, podraÌ?n
+modificarse las aÌ?reas de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en reÌ?gimen
+de plena explotacioÌ?n, en recuperacioÌ?n o desarrollo incipiente.".
+
+
+20.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 48 en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero, la frase "previos informes
+teÌ?cnicos de la SubsecretariÌ?a y del Consejo Zonal de Pesca respectivo", por
+"previo informe teÌ?cnico de la SubsecretariÌ?a y consulta al Consejo Zonal de
+Pesca respectivo".
+
+
+ b) SupriÌ?mase la letra a).
+
+
+ c) IntercaÌ?lase en la letra d), a continuacioÌ?n del primer paÌ?rrafo y en
+punto aparte (.), las siguientes oraciones:
+
+
+ "Dos o maÌ?s Organizaciones podraÌ?n solicitar una misma aÌ?rea. Para dicho
+efecto, deberaÌ?n presentar conjuntamente la solicitud.
+
+
+ Una misma OrganizacioÌ?n de pescadores artesanales no podraÌ? acceder a
+maÌ?s de tres aÌ?reas de manejo. Para estos efectos, se consideraraÌ? como una
+misma OrganizacioÌ?n aqueÌ?lla en que participen maÌ?s del 50% de los pescadores
+artesanales asociados a otra.".
+
+
+ d) SustituÌ?yese en el segundo paÌ?rrafo de la letra d), que pasoÌ? a ser
+cuarto, la expresioÌ?n "de la SubsecretariÌ?a" por "del Director Zonal de Pesca
+que corresponda,"; y elimiÌ?nase, en su segunda oracioÌ?n, la expresioÌ?n "o
+institucioÌ?n".
+
+
+ e) ReemplaÌ?zase el quinto paÌ?rrafo de la letra d), que pasoÌ? a ser
+seÌ?ptimo, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "En caso que dos o maÌ?s organizaciones de pescadores artesanales
+soliciten acceder a una misma aÌ?rea de manejo y todas cumplan con los
+requisitos exigidos por el Reglamento, aquella podraÌ? otorgarse en forma
+conjunta previo acuerdo de las organizaciones solicitantes. En el evento de
+no existir acuerdo, el Director Zonal deberaÌ? preferir a la que esteÌ?
+radicada en el lugar maÌ?s proÌ?ximo al de la referida aÌ?rea; si hubiere maÌ?s de
+una en el mismo lugar, se favoreceraÌ? a la que reuÌ?na el mayor nuÌ?mero de
+asociados inscritos en el registro pesquero que ejerzan directamente el
+esfuerzo sobre los recursos bentoÌ?nicos presentes en el aÌ?rea; y, si
+persistiere la igualdad, se preferiraÌ? a la maÌ?s antigua.".
+
+
+ f) SustituÌ?yanse en el sexto paÌ?rrafo de la letra d), que pasoÌ? a ser
+octavo, las palabras "de la SubsecretariÌ?a" por "del Director Zonal".
+
+
+ g) ReemplaÌ?zase en el seÌ?ptimo paÌ?rrafo de la letra d), que pasoÌ? a ser
+noveno, la expresioÌ?n "La SubsecretariÌ?a" por "El Director Zonal".
+
+
+ h) AgreÌ?gase, a continuacioÌ?n del punto final de la letra d), que pasa
+a ser punto aparte (.) el siguiente paÌ?rrafo:
+
+
+ "Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, las organizaciones de pescadores
+artesanales quedaraÌ?n exentas del pago de la patente respecto de aquellas
+aÌ?reas de manejo en las cuales no se realicen extraccioÌ?n de recursos
+hidrobioloÌ?gicos durante el respectivo anÌ?o calendario, ya sea por no haberse
+autorizado dicha extraccioÌ?n por el Director Zonal, o por el acaecimiento de
+un caso fortuito o fuerza mayor debidamente acreditado.".
+
+
+ 21.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 50 de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en la segunda oracioÌ?n del inciso primero, entre las
+palabras "embarcaciones" y "deberaÌ?n", la frase ", asiÌ? como las personas
+juriÌ?dicas compuestas exclusivamente por personas naturales inscritas como
+pescadores artesanales,".
+
+
+ b) IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del inciso primero, el siguiente
+inciso segundo, pasando los actuales incisos segundo a quinto, a ser
+incisos tercero a sexto, respectivamente:
+
+
+ "La inscripcioÌ?n en el Registro no podraÌ? ser objeto de reemplazo, sin
+perjuicio del derecho que otorga el artiÌ?culo 55º, en su dos uÌ?ltimos
+incisos, a la sucesioÌ?n del armador o pescador fallecido.".
+
+
+ c) ReemplaÌ?zase el actual inciso segundo, que pasoÌ? a ser tercero, por
+el siguiente:
+
+
+ "Con el fin de cautelar la preservacioÌ?n de los recursos
+hidrobioloÌ?gicos, cuando una pesqueriÌ?a haya alcanzado un estado de plena
+explotacioÌ?n, el Subsecretario, mediante resolucioÌ?n fundada y previa
+consulta al Consejo Zonal correspondiente, podraÌ? suspender transitoriamente
+la inscripcioÌ?n en la primera seccioÌ?n del registro en una o maÌ?s regiones,
+para la respectiva pesqueriÌ?a. Mediante igual procedimiento se podraÌ? dejar
+sin efecto la medida de suspensioÌ?n establecida.".
+
+
+ d) SustituÌ?yanse los actuales incisos tercero a quinto, que pasariÌ?an a
+ser incisos cuarto a sexto, por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "En los casos en que se suspenda transitoriamente la inscripcioÌ?n en
+el registro artesanal para las especies altamente migratorias o demersales
+de gran profundidad, la suspensioÌ?n deberaÌ? extenderse simultaÌ?neamente a
+todas las regiones del paiÌ?s.
+
+
+ En los casos en que se suspenda transitoriamente la inscripcioÌ?n en el
+registro artesanal, se suspenderaÌ? simultaÌ?neamente la recepcioÌ?n de
+solicitudes y el otorgamiento de autorizaciones industriales. Las naves
+industriales autorizadas para operar en estas pesqueriÌ?as quedaraÌ?n afectas a
+lo establecido en el reÌ?gimen de pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en estado de plena
+explotacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ La inscripcioÌ?n en pesqueriÌ?as con acceso suspendido, en la forma
+establecida en los incisos anteriores, seraÌ? reemplazable conforme a las
+normas previstas en el artiÌ?culo 53 B de la presente ley, en lo que
+concierne a dichas pesqueriÌ?as, e indivisible.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, el Servicio otorgaraÌ?, a peticioÌ?n del armador,
+buzo o recolector de orilla, un certificado que acredite la
+individualizacioÌ?n del titular de la inscripcioÌ?n, las caracteriÌ?sticas
+baÌ?sicas de la nave, en su caso, y la individualizacioÌ?n de la o las
+pesqueriÌ?as inscritas que mantiene vigentes.
+
+
+ Este certificado tendraÌ? una duracioÌ?n indefinida, mientras se mantenga
+la vigencia de la suspensioÌ?n del acceso y no se vea afectado por la causal
+de caducidad en que pueda incurrir el titular de la inscripcioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ 22.- AgreÌ?gase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 50, los siguientes
+artiÌ?culos 50 A y 50 B:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 50 A.- La SubsecretariÌ?a, previa consulta al Consejo Zonal
+de Pesca que corresponda, podraÌ? autorizar a las embarcaciones artesanales
+que tengan instalado sistema de posicionador satelital y se encuentren
+inscritas en la Primera SeccioÌ?n del Registro en pesqueriÌ?a de peces, para
+operar en las regiones contiguas a la de su inscripcioÌ?n, por fuera del aÌ?rea
+de reserva artesanal establecida en el artiÌ?culo 47º de esta ley. Con todo,
+no podraÌ?n extender su operacioÌ?n las embarcaciones inscritas en una RegioÌ?n
+que tenga el acceso abierto, si la regioÌ?n contigua tiene en esa pesqueriÌ?a
+el acceso cerrado.
+
+
+ Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, la SubsecretariÌ?a podraÌ? autorizar,
+mediante resolucioÌ?n y de acuerdo al mismo procedimiento del inciso
+anterior, la operacioÌ?n de las embarcaciones artesanales referidas en el
+inciso precedente, al interior del aÌ?rea de reserva artesanal de las
+regiones contiguas, por fuera del aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima a que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo 5º de la presente ley.
+
+
+ En cualquiera de las situaciones contempladas en los incisos
+anteriores, las embarcaciones deberaÌ?n desembarcar lo capturado en la regioÌ?n
+de origen. Asimismo, en el evento que se haya fijado cuota de captura para
+la pesqueriÌ?a en la regioÌ?n de origen, las capturas se imputaraÌ?n a eÌ?sta
+uÌ?ltima, debiendo en la regioÌ?n de origen dividirse la cuota por tamanÌ?o de
+embarcaciones, de acuerdo a lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 4º A de esta ley.
+
+
+ Mediante el mismo procedimiento senÌ?alado en los incisos anteriores,
+se podraÌ? autorizar a las embarcaciones artesanales inscritas en pesqueriÌ?as
+de especies altamente migratorias y demersales de gran profundidad, para
+operar en toda el aÌ?rea de distribucioÌ?n definida para la respectiva
+pesqueriÌ?a.
+
+
+ TrataÌ?ndose de otras pesqueriÌ?as, la SubsecretariÌ?a, mediante igual
+procedimiento, podraÌ? autorizar a las embarcaciones, buzos y recolectores de
+orilla para operar en la regioÌ?n contigua a la de su inscripcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 50 B.- Sin perjuicio de las obligaciones establecidas en el
+inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 50, todo pescador artesanal que ejerza
+actividades de pesca extractiva a bordo de una embarcacioÌ?n artesanal,
+deberaÌ? contar con un seguro contra riesgo de muerte accidental. La forma,
+requisitos y condiciones para la contratacioÌ?n del seguro seraÌ?n determinados
+por el Reglamento.
+
+
+ El cumplimiento de la obligacioÌ?n establecida en el inciso anterior
+deberaÌ? acreditarse al momento en que se solicite el zarpe de la embarcacioÌ?n
+artesanal, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artiÌ?culo 22 del Decreto
+Ley N° 2.222, de 1978. Asimismo, el cumplimiento de esta obligacioÌ?n deberaÌ?
+acreditarse al solicitar el otorgamiento o renovacioÌ?n del correspondiente
+tiÌ?tulo entregado por la Autoridad MariÌ?tima.
+
+
+ Quienes contravengan esta obligacioÌ?n no podraÌ?n ser autorizados a
+zarpar ni se les otorgaraÌ? o renovaraÌ? el respectivo tiÌ?tulo, seguÌ?n
+corresponda.".
+
+
+ 23.- IntercaÌ?lase en el PaÌ?rrafo 2º del TiÌ?tulo IV, a continuacioÌ?n de su
+enunciado y antes del artiÌ?culo 51, el siguiente artiÌ?culo 50 C:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 50 C.- CorresponderaÌ? al Servicio llevar el Registro
+Nacional de Pescadores y Embarcaciones Artesanales, por regiones, caletas
+base, categoriÌ?as y pesqueriÌ?as, seguÌ?n corresponda.
+
+
+ El Registro Artesanal se dividiraÌ? en tres secciones, considerando si
+el esfuerzo de pesca se ejerce directa o indirectamente sobre una pesqueriÌ?a
+artesanal.
+
+
+ a) Primera SeccioÌ?n: NoÌ?mina de embarcaciones artesanales que ejercen
+directamente el esfuerzo de pesca en una pesqueriÌ?a artesanal, y de sus
+correspondientes armadores, buzos y recolectores de orilla.
+
+
+ b) Segunda SeccioÌ?n: NoÌ?mina de embarcaciones artesanales de apoyo a la
+actividad pesquera extractiva artesanal y de sus correspondientes
+armadores, patrones, pescadores artesanales propiamente tal o tripulantes y
+asistente de buzos.
+
+
+ c) Tercera SeccioÌ?n: NoÌ?mina de personas juriÌ?dicas compuestas
+exclusivamente por personas naturales inscritas como pescadores
+artesanales, en los teÌ?rminos establecidos en la presente ley.
+
+
+ La Primera SeccioÌ?n del Registro se llevaraÌ? por regiones, caletas
+base, categoriÌ?as de pescadores y pesqueriÌ?as; la Segunda y Tercera
+Secciones, soÌ?lo por regiones y caletas base.".
+
+
+ 24.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 51 de acuerdo a lo siguiente:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese el encabezado del inciso primero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 51.- Para inscribirse en el Registro Artesanal deberaÌ?n
+cumplirse los siguientes requisitos:"
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yese la letra c), por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "c) Haber obtenido el tiÌ?tulo de la autoridad mariÌ?tima que lo habilite
+para ejercer actividades pesqueras extractivas artesanales.".
+
+
+ c) ReemplaÌ?zase en la letra d), las palabras "provincia, comuna y
+localidad" por las expresiones "la caleta base".
+
+
+ 25.- IntroduÌ?zcanse las siguientes modificaciones al artiÌ?culo 52:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en el encabezado del artiÌ?culo, entre las palabras
+"embarcaciones" y "en el registro artesanal", la frase "con sus respectivos
+armadores".
+
+
+ b) AgreÌ?gase en la letra a), a continuacioÌ?n del punto final, que pasa
+a ser punto aparte (.), la siguiente oracioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "En ninguÌ?n caso podraÌ?n inscribirse en el Registro maÌ?s de dos naves de
+propiedad de una misma persona natural o juriÌ?dica, las que en conjunto no
+podraÌ?n exceder de las 50 toneladas de registro grueso.".
+
+
+ 26.- IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 53, los siguientes
+artiÌ?culos 53 A, 53 B y 53 C:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 53 A.- En el evento que se produzcan vacantes en la Primera
+SeccioÌ?n del Registro, en una pesqueriÌ?a con acceso suspendido, la
+SubsecretariÌ?a determinaraÌ? por resolucioÌ?n fundada, el nuÌ?mero de
+inscripciones vacantes que podraÌ?n ser llenadas, de modo que el esfuerzo de
+pesca ejercido no afecte la sustentabilidad del recurso.
+
+
+ Las vacantes que se produzcan deberaÌ?n ser llenadas por pescadores
+artesanales propiamente tales que se encuentren inscritos en la Segunda
+SeccioÌ?n del Registro, pertenecientes a la RegioÌ?n que da origen a la
+vacante.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, dentro de los 10 diÌ?as siguientes de la
+publicacioÌ?n de la ResolucioÌ?n de la SubsecretariÌ?a, el Servicio deberaÌ? abrir
+un periodo de postulacioÌ?n para llenar las vacantes, por un plazo de 60
+diÌ?as.
+
+
+ El postulante deberaÌ? acreditar una operacioÌ?n habitual en la pesqueriÌ?a
+como pescador propiamente tal. AccederaÌ?n a las vacantes aquellos que
+demuestren tener el mayor tiempo en la respectiva pesqueriÌ?a en los uÌ?ltimos
+dos anÌ?os, contados hacia atraÌ?s desde la fecha de la ResolucioÌ?n. Para probar
+la habitualidad, el postulante deberaÌ? presentar copia de los antecedentes
+que acrediten su operacioÌ?n en la pesqueriÌ?a de acuerdo a lo dispuesto en el
+artiÌ?culo 63º. En caso de empate, se preferiraÌ? a aqueÌ?l que esteÌ? registrado
+en la caleta de origen de la vacante.
+
+
+ Las embarcaciones que ingresen en virtud de este mecanismo deberaÌ?n
+corresponder al mismo rango de eslora de las salientes, seguÌ?n corresponda.
+El pescador artesanal que llene una vacante, tendraÌ? un plazo de dos anÌ?os
+para realizar actividades pesqueras extractivas, salvo caso fortuito o
+fuerza mayor debidamente acreditados.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 53 B.- Las inscripciones de la Primera SeccioÌ?n
+correspondientes a armadores artesanales, recolectores de orilla y, soÌ?lo en
+caso de incapacidad total y permanente, las correspondientes a buzos,
+podraÌ?n ser reemplazadas en pesqueriÌ?as con el acceso cerrado, en conformidad
+con lo previsto en los artiÌ?culos 33 y 50 de esta ley.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, se deberaÌ? presentar una solicitud ante el
+Servicio, en que conste la manifestacioÌ?n de voluntad de ambas partes de
+ejercer la facultad establecida en el inciso primero. El Servicio efectuaraÌ?
+el reemplazo en aquellas pesqueriÌ?as que se encuentren vigentes.
+
+
+ El reemplazante deberaÌ? cumplir en todo caso, con los requisitos
+establecidos en el artiÌ?culo 51. El armador reemplazante deberaÌ?, ademaÌ?s,
+acreditar el tiÌ?tulo de dominio o tenencia sobre la embarcacioÌ?n, en la forma
+establecida en el artiÌ?culo 52 letra a), quedando sujeto a la limitacioÌ?n
+establecida en la mencionada disposicioÌ?n y en el artiÌ?culo 2º Nº 29.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 53 C.- El armador pesquero artesanal inscrito en pesqueriÌ?as
+con su acceso suspendido, podraÌ? sustituir su nave pesquera artesanal. Para
+estos efectos el Reglamento determinaraÌ? el procedimiento respectivo.".
+
+
+ 27.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 54º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 54.- Los pescadores y los armadores de embarcaciones
+artesanales deberaÌ?n renovar perioÌ?dicamente su inscripcioÌ?n en el Registro
+Artesanal, acreditando la vigencia de los requisitos establecidos en los
+artiÌ?culos 51º y 52º de esta ley, seguÌ?n corresponda. Dicha renovacioÌ?n deberaÌ?
+efectuarse dentro del plazo de un anÌ?o contado desde el vencimiento de
+vigencia del tiÌ?tulo correspondiente.".
+
+
+ 28.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 55 de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese el encabezado del inciso primero, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 55.- CaducaraÌ? la inscripcioÌ?n de la Primera SeccioÌ?n del
+Registro Artesanal en los siguientes casos:".
+
+
+ b) ReemplaÌ?zase la letra a), por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "a) No iniciar actividades pesqueras extractivas, entendieÌ?ndose por
+tal la no realizacioÌ?n de operaciones de pesca por dos anÌ?os consecutivos, o
+suspender dichas actividades por doce meses sucesivos, salvo caso fortuito
+o fuerza mayor debidamente acreditados, casos en que el Servicio autorizaraÌ?
+por una sola vez una ampliacioÌ?n de plazo. La ampliacioÌ?n seraÌ? de hasta un
+anÌ?o contado desde la fecha de teÌ?rmino de la vigencia de la inscripcioÌ?n
+correspondiente o desde el cumplimiento del anÌ?o de la suspensioÌ?n de
+actividades, seguÌ?n sea el caso.
+
+
+ Asimismo, caducaraÌ? parcialmente la inscripcioÌ?n cuando se suspendan
+actividades extractivas por tres anÌ?os sucesivos respecto de una o maÌ?s
+pesqueriÌ?as inscritas, salvo caso fortuito o fuerza mayor, debidamente
+acreditados en la forma descrita en el inciso precedente.
+
+
+ c) IncorpoÌ?rase, a continuacioÌ?n del literal d), las siguientes letras
+e) y f):
+
+
+ "e) No efectuar la renovacioÌ?n a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 54. Esta
+causal se aplicaraÌ? tambieÌ?n a los pescadores artesanales inscritos en la
+Segunda SeccioÌ?n del Registro.
+
+
+ f) No pagar la patente establecida en el artiÌ?culo 55 A.".
+
+
+ 29.- IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 55, el siguiente
+artiÌ?culo 55 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 55 A.- Los armadores pesqueros artesanales de naves de
+eslora total igual o superior a 15 metros, inscritos en la Primera SeccioÌ?n
+del Registro, pagaraÌ?n anualmente una patente uÌ?nica de beneficio fiscal,
+equivalente a 0,45 unidades tributarias mensuales por cada tonelada de
+registro grueso de la nave.
+
+
+ El valor de la unidad tributaria mensual seraÌ? el que rija en el
+momento del pago efectivo de la patente. El pago se efectuaraÌ? en dos cuotas
+iguales, en los meses de enero y julio de cada anÌ?o calendario.".
+
+
+ 30.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 56 en lo siguiente:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese en el inciso primero, la frase "cuyo destino seraÌ? el
+fomentar y promover los siguientes aspectos:" por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "cuya finalidad seraÌ? articular y coordinar las acciones del sector
+puÌ?blico destinadas al desarrollo del sector pesquero artesanal, a traveÌ?s
+del financiamiento de programas y proyectos, en los siguientes aspectos:".
+
+
+ b) ReemplaÌ?zase la letra c) por la siguiente:
+
+
+ "c) El repoblamiento de los recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos y el cultivo
+artificial de ellos.".
+
+
+ c) AgreÌ?gase la siguiente letra e):
+
+
+ "e) La innovacioÌ?n, desarrollo y transferencia de tecnologiÌ?a.".
+
+
+ 31.- ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 59º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 59.- El Fondo de Fomento para la pesca artesanal seraÌ?
+administrado por el Consejo de Fomento de la Pesca Artesanal, que seraÌ?
+presidido por el Subsecretario de Pesca.
+
+
+ El Consejo estaraÌ? integrado, ademaÌ?s, por los siguientes miembros:
+
+
+ a) El Subsecretario de EconomiÌ?a;
+
+
+ b) El Subsecretario de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo;
+
+
+ c) El Subsecretario de Marina;
+
+
+ d) El Director Nacional de Pesca;
+
+
+ e) El Director Nacional de Obras Portuarias;
+
+
+ f) El Gerente General del Servicio de CooperacioÌ?n TeÌ?cnica;
+
+
+ g) El Director Ejecutivo del Fondo de Solidaridad e InversioÌ?n Social;
+
+
+ h) El Director del Servicio Nacional de CapacitacioÌ?n y Empleo;
+
+
+ i) Seis representantes de los pescadores artesanales, que deberaÌ?n
+provenir de las siguientes macrozonas del paiÌ?s: dos de la I a IV Regiones;
+dos de la V a IX Regiones e Islas OceaÌ?nicas y dos de la X a XII Regiones.
+
+
+ El Presidente del Consejo designaraÌ?, de una quina elaborada por el
+Consejo, a un Director Ejecutivo que estaraÌ? a cargo de las actas del
+Consejo y tendraÌ? la calidad de Ministro de Fe.
+
+
+ El Reglamento determinaraÌ? las normas de funcionamiento interno del
+Consejo, las formas de designacioÌ?n de los consejeros senÌ?alados en la letra
+i), asiÌ? como los requisitos que deberaÌ?n reunir dichos Consejeros.".
+
+
+ 32.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 60 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 60.- El Reglamento estableceraÌ? los procedimientos de
+consulta a las organizaciones de pescadores artesanales y a los organismos
+pertinentes para la elaboracioÌ?n del programa anual de inversioÌ?n, asiÌ? como
+los mecanismos para la postulacioÌ?n de proyectos por las organizaciones de
+pescadores.".
+
+
+ 33.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 61 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 61.- El Consejo de Fomento de la Pesca Artesanal
+determinaraÌ? los proyectos o programas que conformaraÌ?n el programa anual de
+inversioÌ?n, cuya ejecucioÌ?n se asignaraÌ? mediante concurso puÌ?blico, de acuerdo
+a las normas que establezca el Reglamento.
+
+
+ El mecanismo de asignacioÌ?n de los proyectos deberaÌ? considerar una
+mayor ponderacioÌ?n a las iniciativas que articulen y complementen otras
+inversiones dirigidas al sector artesanal, y a la correspondencia con los
+criterios de focalizacioÌ?n que establezca anualmente el Consejo.".
+
+
+ 34.- ReemplaÌ?zase el artiÌ?culo 62º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 62.- El Director Ejecutivo deberaÌ? informar anualmente al
+Consejo, respecto del proceso de asignacioÌ?n, los resultados de los
+proyectos y la evaluacioÌ?n del programa anual de inversioÌ?n. Los informes
+antes mencionados seraÌ?n puÌ?blicos.".
+
+
+ 35.- IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 62, el siguiente TiÌ?tulo
+V, nuevo, modificaÌ?ndose seguÌ?n corresponda la numeracioÌ?n de los TiÌ?tulos
+siguientes.
+
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.3 "TITULO V
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.4 DE LA ACTIVIDAD PESQUERA DE TRANSFORMACIOÌ?N
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 62 A.- Las personas interesadas en desarrollar actividades
+pesqueras de transformacioÌ?n, deberaÌ?n solicitar su inscripcioÌ?n en un
+Registro que para estos efectos llevaraÌ? el Servicio. El reglamento
+estableceraÌ? la forma, requisitos y condiciones de la inscripcioÌ?n.
+
+
+ El Servicio eliminaraÌ? del Registro la inscripcioÌ?n de aquellas Plantas
+que no informen operacioÌ?n en el plazo de dos anÌ?os, conforme lo establecido
+en el artiÌ?culo 63 A.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de esta ley. seraÌ? siempre responsable del
+cumplimiento de la normativa pesquera el titular de la correspondiente
+inscripcioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ 36.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 63 de la siguiente forma:
+
+
+ a) ElimiÌ?nase en el inciso primero la expresioÌ?n "y artesanales" que
+sigue a la palabra "industriales"; e intercaÌ?lase entre las palabras
+"naturaleza," y "deberaÌ?n", la frase "que desembarquen en puerto nacional o
+extranjero,".
+
+
+ b) IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del inciso segundo, los siguientes
+incisos nuevos, pasando los actuales incisos tercero y cuarto, a ser quinto
+y sexto, respectivamente:
+
+
+ "Asimismo, los armadores pesqueros artesanales inscritos en la
+Primera SeccioÌ?n, buzos, recolectores de orilla y las organizaciones de
+pescadores artesanales, tendraÌ?n la obligacioÌ?n de informar, al momento del
+desembarque, sus capturas por especies y aÌ?reas de pesca, en la forma,
+condiciones y plazos que determine el Reglamento.
+
+
+ El armador artesanal y buzo deberaÌ?n incluir en la informacioÌ?n
+referida en el inciso anterior, la individualizacioÌ?n de patrones,
+tripulantes y ayudantes que participaron en la correspondiente operacioÌ?n de
+pesca, en la forma que senÌ?ale el Reglamento.".
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese el inciso final, por los siguientes:
+
+
+ "Los armadores pesqueros industriales, y los armadores artesanales de
+naves de eslora total igual o superior a 15 metros, inscritos en la Primera
+SeccioÌ?n del Registro, sean todos ellos nacionales o extranjeros, que
+desembarquen en puertos nacionales, o quienes eÌ?stos faculten, deberaÌ?n
+entregar la informacioÌ?n de captura por viaje de pesca, certificada por una
+entidad auditora acreditada por el Servicio.
+
+
+ La forma, requisitos y condiciones de la certificacioÌ?n y de la
+acreditacioÌ?n de las entidades auditoras, seraÌ?n establecidos por ResolucioÌ?n
+del Servicio. Los costos de la certificacioÌ?n seraÌ?n de cargo de los
+armadores.
+
+
+ La certificacioÌ?n de un hecho falso o inexistente y su utilizacioÌ?n
+maliciosa, seraÌ?n sancionadas con las penas establecidas en los artiÌ?culos
+194 o 196 del CoÌ?digo Penal, seguÌ?n corresponda. Para todos los efectos, se
+entenderaÌ? que los certificados constituyen instrumento puÌ?blico.".
+
+
+ 37.- IncorpoÌ?rese, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 63, el siguiente
+artiÌ?culo 63 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 63 A.- EstaraÌ?n tambieÌ?n obligadas a informar, en la forma,
+frecuencia, condiciones y plazos que fije el Reglamento, las siguientes
+personas:
+
+
+ a) Las personas que realicen actividades de procesamiento o
+transformacioÌ?n, respecto del abastecimiento de recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos y
+de los productos derivados de ellos.
+
+
+ b) Las personas que realicen transporte de recursos fresco en
+embarcaciones transportadoras, respecto del abastecimiento y destino de los
+recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos.
+
+
+ c) Las personas que realicen actividades de acuicultura y manutencioÌ?n
+de recursos en viveros, respecto del abastecimiento, existencias y cosechas
+de las especies en sus diferentes etapas.".
+
+
+ 38.- SustituÌ?yese el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 64 B, por el
+siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 64 B.- Los armadores de naves pesqueras industriales y de
+naves artesanales de eslora total igual o superior a 15 metros,
+matriculadas en Chile, que desarrollen actividades pesqueras extractivas en
+aguas de jurisdiccioÌ?n nacional, deberaÌ?n instalar a bordo y mantener en
+funcionamiento, un dispositivo de posicionamiento automaÌ?tico en el mar.".
+
+
+ 39.- SupriÌ?mase en el artiÌ?culo 66, la frase "en lo referente a la
+individualizacioÌ?n de los agentes que participan en las actividades de pesca
+y acuicultura, y de las embarcaciones autorizadas".
+
+
+ 40.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 94 en el siguiente sentido:
+
+
+ a) IntercaÌ?lase en el inciso primero, entre las palabras "noÌ?mina de
+cinco personas," y "dos de los cuales al menos", la frase: "dentro de los
+30 diÌ?as siguientes del requerimiento efectuado por la
+
+SubsecretariÌ?a,".
+
+
+ b) InseÌ?rtase a continuacioÌ?n del inciso primero, el siguiente inciso,
+pasando los actuales incisos segundo a cuarto, a ser incisos tercero a
+quinto respectivamente:
+
+
+ "Los miembros del Consejo representantes del sector institucional,
+duraraÌ?n en sus funciones mientras permanezcan como titulares en sus cargos.
+Los otros miembros duraraÌ?n cuatro anÌ?os en sus cargos.".
+
+
+ 41.- IntercaÌ?lase en el artiÌ?culo 95, entre las palabras "de cada anÌ?o"
+y "a los Consejos Zonales", la frase "a los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos y".
+
+
+ 42.- SupriÌ?manse las letras c) y d) del artiÌ?culo 144.
+
+
+ 43.- ReemplaÌ?zase el enunciado del actual TiÌ?tulo XII, que pasoÌ? a ser
+XIII, por el siguiente:
+
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.5 " TITULO XIII
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.6 DE LOS CONSEJOS Y COMITES DE PESCA"
+
+
+ 44.- IntroduÌ?zcanse las siguientes modifi-caciones al artiÌ?culo 146:
+
+
+ a) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 2, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "2. Cinco representantes de las Organizaciones Gremiales del sector
+empresarial legalmente constituidas, designados por las respectivas
+organizaciones, entre los cuales deberaÌ?n quedar representados dos armadores
+industriales, un pequenÌ?o armador, un industrial de plantas de elaboracioÌ?n
+de productos del mar y los acuicultores. Al menos uno de los Consejeros
+vinculados con la actividad pesquera extractiva y procesamiento deberaÌ?,
+ademaÌ?s, provenir de cada una de las siguientes macrozonas pesqueras del
+paiÌ?s: de la I y II Regiones; de la III y IV Regiones; de la V a IX Regiones
+e Islas OceaÌ?nicas y de la X a XII Regiones.".
+
+
+ b) ReemplaÌ?zase el nuÌ?mero 3, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "3. Tres representantes de Organizaciones Gremiales del sector
+laboral legalmente constituidas, designados por sus propias organizaciones,
+en donde deberaÌ?n quedar representados los oficiales de naves pesqueras, los
+tripulantes de las mismas y los trabajadores de plantas de procesamiento de
+productos del mar.".
+
+
+ c) SustituÌ?yese el nuÌ?mero 4, por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "4. Cuatro representantes de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente
+constituidas del sector pesquero artesanal, designados por sus propias
+organizaciones. A lo menos uno de eÌ?stos consejeros deberaÌ? provenir de cada
+una de las siguientes macrozonas pesqueras del paiÌ?s: de la I y II Regiones;
+de la III y IV Regiones; de la V a IX Regiones e Islas OceaÌ?nicas y de la X
+a XII Regiones.".
+
+
+ d) IncorpoÌ?rense en el nuÌ?mero 5, a continuacioÌ?n de su punto final que
+pasa a ser punto aparte (.), los siguientes paÌ?rrafos:
+
+
+ "No podraÌ?n desempenÌ?arse como consejeros de nombramiento presidencial,
+las siguientes personas:
+
+
+ a) Las personas que tengan relacioÌ?n laboral regida por el CoÌ?digo del
+Trabajo, con una empresa o persona que desarrolle actividades pesqueras.
+
+
+ b) Los dirigentes de organizaciones de pescadores artesanales e
+industriales legalmente constituidas.
+
+
+ c) Las personas que tengan participacioÌ?n en la propiedad de empresas
+que desarrollen directamente actividades pesqueras extractivas y de
+acuicultura, cuando los derechos sociales del respectivo consejero excedan
+de un 1% del capital de la correspondiente entidad; asiÌ? como las personas
+naturales que desarrollen directamente tales actividades.
+
+
+ d) Los funcionarios puÌ?blicos de la AdministracioÌ?n central del Estado.
+
+
+ e) Las personas que presten servicios remunerados a cualquier tiÌ?tulo,
+al Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n o a los servicios
+dependientes de dicho Ministerio.
+
+
+ Los miembros de Consejo nominados conforme a este nuÌ?mero, antes de
+asumir el cargo, deberaÌ?n declarar bajo juramento y mediante instrumento
+protocolizado en una NotariÌ?a, la circunstancia de no afectarle alguna de
+las incompatibilidades senÌ?aladas precedentemente. Asimismo, deberaÌ?n
+presentar una declaracioÌ?n de intereses en conformidad con la Ley Nº 18.575.
+
+
+ Si alguno de los consejeros designados de conformidad a este nuÌ?mero
+incurriere, durante el ejercicio del cargo, en alguna de las circunstancias
+inhabilitantes senÌ?aladas precedentemente, cesaraÌ? de inmediato en sus
+funciones, y seraÌ? reemplazado de acuerdo a las reglas generales, por el
+tiempo que reste al consejero inhabilitado.".
+
+
+ e) IncorpoÌ?rese en el inciso quinto, continuacioÌ?n del punto aparte que
+pasa a ser seguido (.), la siguiente oracioÌ?n:
+
+
+ "Los miembros suplentes del Consejo, soÌ?lo podraÌ?n participar en las
+sesiones en ausencia del respectivo titular.".
+
+
+ 45.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 147 por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 147.- El Consejo Nacional de Pesca podraÌ? ser citado por su
+Presidente o a requerimiento de siete Consejeros, y sesionaraÌ? con un quoÌ?rum
+de doce de sus miembros. En caso de no reunirse el quoÌ?rum antes indicado,
+podraÌ? sesionar en segunda citacioÌ?n con los miembros presentes. La sesioÌ?n en
+segunda citacioÌ?n deberaÌ? efectuarse a lo menos dos diÌ?as haÌ?biles despueÌ?s de
+la primera. Asimismo, en el caso de no existir mayoriÌ?a absoluta para la
+aprobacioÌ?n o rechazo de la cuota global de captura, la decisioÌ?n se adoptaraÌ?
+en segunda citacioÌ?n, por la mayoriÌ?a que establece el inciso siguiente.
+
+
+ En segunda citacioÌ?n, el Consejo podraÌ? adoptar las resoluciones con
+las mayoriÌ?as exigidas en cada caso, pero referidas a la asistencia efectiva
+a la sesioÌ?n correspondiente.
+
+
+ Las normas de funcionamiento interno del Consejo se estableceraÌ?n por
+ResolucioÌ?n del Subsecretario, previa aprobacioÌ?n del Consejo por mayoriÌ?a
+simple. En ellas se deberaÌ? considerar, a lo menos, una sesioÌ?n ordinaria
+cada tres meses.".
+
+
+ 46.- IntercaÌ?lase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 147, el siguiente
+artiÌ?culo 147 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 147 A.- Para la aprobacioÌ?n del fraccionamiento de la cuota
+global de captura entre el sector artesanal e industrial, en unidades de
+pesqueriÌ?as declaradas en plena explotacioÌ?n, el Consejo deberaÌ? designar una
+ComisioÌ?n integrada por siete de sus miembros presentes, entre los que
+deberaÌ?n contarse dos consejeros representantes del sector artesanal, un
+consejero representante del sector industrial, un consejero representante
+del sector laboral y tres consejeros representantes de los miembros
+indicados en el numeral 5 del artiÌ?culo 146. Los consejeros representantes
+de los estamentos artesanal, industrial y laboral, seraÌ?n elegidos por los
+miembros representantes de cada uno de dichos estamentos y, en caso que no
+exista acuerdo, lo seraÌ?n por sorteo entre los miembros presentes. En el
+caso de los otros miembros, seraÌ?n siempre elegidos por sorteo entre los
+miembros presentes.
+
+
+ La SubsecretariÌ?a efectuaraÌ? una propuesta de fraccionamiento a la
+ComisioÌ?n, la que deberaÌ? ser aprobada por la mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros y
+ratificada por los dos tercios de los miembros en ejercicio del Consejo. En
+el evento que la ComisioÌ?n rechace la propuesta de la SubsecretariÌ?a, o que
+la propuesta sea aprobada por la ComisioÌ?n y rechazada por el Consejo,
+regiraÌ? el fraccionamiento del anÌ?o o periodo inmediatamente anterior.
+
+
+ La distribucioÌ?n dentro de la fraccioÌ?n industrial seraÌ? aprobada con la
+mayoriÌ?a absoluta de los miembros presentes, con exclusioÌ?n de los consejeros
+representantes del sector artesanal. Por su parte, la distribucioÌ?n dentro
+de la fraccioÌ?n artesanal seraÌ? aprobada con la mayoriÌ?a absoluta de los
+miembros presentes, con exclusioÌ?n de los consejeros representantes de los
+sectores laboral e industrial.".
+
+
+ 47.- ModifiÌ?case el artiÌ?culo 151 del siguiente modo:
+
+
+ a) ReemplaÌ?zase el inciso primero por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "El Ministerio, la SubsecretariÌ?a y el Director Zonal deberaÌ?n
+consultar o someter a la aprobacioÌ?n del Consejo Zonal de Pesca respectivo,
+aquellas materias en que la Ley establece la obligatoriedad de su
+pronunciamiento.".
+
+
+ b) SustituÌ?yanse en el inciso tercero, la expresioÌ?n "un mes" por
+"quince diÌ?as" y la disyuncioÌ?n "o" situada entre las palabras "Ministerio" y
+"la", por una coma ","; y agreÌ?gase a continuacioÌ?n de la voz "SubsecretariÌ?a"
+la expresioÌ?n ",o el Director Zonal".
+
+
+ 48.- SustituÌ?yese el artiÌ?culo 152º por el siguiente:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 152.- Los Consejos Zonales de Pesca estaraÌ?n integrados por:
+
+
+ a) El Director Zonal de Pesca, quien lo presidiraÌ?.
+
+
+ b) Un Director Regional de Pesca de una RegioÌ?n distinta a la de la
+sede del Consejo Zonal, designado por el Director Nacional de Pesca.
+
+
+ c) Un representante del Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, designado por
+su Director Ejecutivo.
+
+
+ d) El Jefe del Departamento Intereses MariÌ?timos de la GobernacioÌ?n
+MariÌ?tima de la ciudad Sede del Consejo Zonal.
+
+
+ e) Un miembro designado por cada uno de los Intendentes de las
+Regiones involucradas en la zona respectiva, que no se encuentren en alguna
+de las situaciones descritas en el inciso segundo del nuÌ?mero 5 del artiÌ?culo
+146.
+
+
+ f) Tres representantes por cada una de las regiones de la respectiva
+zona, de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente constituidas del sector
+pesquero artesanal, entre los cuales deberaÌ?n quedar representada la
+actividad sobre recursos bentoÌ?nicos y peces. No obstante lo anterior, en
+ninguÌ?n caso estos representantes podraÌ?n ser menos que cuatro ni maÌ?s que
+seis.
+
+
+ g) Un representante de las ,organizaciones gremiales de armadores.
+legalmente constituidas.
+
+
+ h) Un representante de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente
+constituidas, de industriales de plantas procesadoras de productos
+pesqueros.
+
+
+ i) Un representante de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente
+constituidas, de titulares de concesiones o autorizaciones de acuicultura
+de la zona.
+
+
+ j) Un representante de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente
+constituidas de oficiales de naves especiales.
+
+
+ k) Un representante de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente
+constituidas, de tripulantes de naves especiales.
+
+
+ l) Un representante de las organizaciones gremiales legalmente
+constituidas, de trabajadores de la industria.
+
+
+ m) Dos representantes de las Universidades o Institutos Profesionales
+de la Zona, reconocidos por el Estado, vinculados a unidades acadeÌ?micas
+directamente relacionadas con las ciencias del mar, que no se encuentren en
+alguna de las situaciones descritas en el inciso segundo del nuÌ?mero 5 del
+artiÌ?culo 146.
+
+
+ n) Un representante de todas las entidades juriÌ?dicas sin fines de
+lucro que en sus estatutos tengan como objeto fundamental, conjunta o
+separadamente, dos de los siguientes fines: defensa del medio ambiente,
+preservacioÌ?n de los recursos naturales, o la investigacioÌ?n. Este
+representante ante cada Consejo Zonal seraÌ? designado por el Presidente de
+la RepuÌ?blica y no deberaÌ? afectarlo alguna de las situaciones descritas en
+el inciso segundo del nuÌ?mero 5 del artiÌ?culo 146.
+
+
+ El Reglamento determinaraÌ? el procedimiento de eleccioÌ?n de los
+Consejeros, cuando corresponda.
+
+
+ Por Decreto Supremo, el Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica oficializaraÌ? la
+nominacioÌ?n definitiva de los miembros titulares y suplentes de los Consejos
+Zonales de Pesca.
+
+
+ Una misma persona no podraÌ? ser, simultaÌ?neamente, miembro de un
+Consejo Zonal y del Consejo Nacional de Pesca.
+
+
+ Los miembros del Consejo Zonal duraraÌ?n cuatro anÌ?os en sus cargos. No
+obstante, los representantes del sector institucional y representantes de
+las Universidades o Institutos Profesionales, duraraÌ?n en sus funciones
+mientras permanezcan como titulares en sus cargos o mantengan la
+representacioÌ?n, seguÌ?n corresponda.
+
+
+ Los miembros suplentes del Consejo soÌ?lo podraÌ?n asistir a las sesiones
+en caso de ausencia del respectivo titular.
+
+
+ Los miembros del Consejo no percibiraÌ?n remuneracioÌ?n.".
+
+
+ 49.- AgreÌ?gase, a continuacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 152, el siguiente artiÌ?culo
+152 A:
+
+
+ "ArtiÌ?culo 152 A.- El Consejo Zonal de Pesca podraÌ? ser citado por su
+Presidente y sesionaraÌ? con la mayoriÌ?a de sus miembros en ejercicio. En caso
+de no reunirse el quoÌ?rum antes indicado, podraÌ? sesionar en segunda citacioÌ?n
+con los miembros que asistan. La sesioÌ?n en segunda citacioÌ?n deberaÌ?
+efectuarse a lo menos dos diÌ?as despueÌ?s de la primera convocatoria.
+
+
+ En los casos en que se requiera la aprobacioÌ?n del Consejo Zonal de
+Pesca, eÌ?sta seraÌ? adoptada por mayoriÌ?a absoluta de sus miembros en
+ejercicio. En segunda citacioÌ?n podraÌ? adoptar las resoluciones con las
+mayoriÌ?a absoluta de los miembros presentes.
+
+
+ Las normas de funcionamiento interno se estableceraÌ?n por ResolucioÌ?n
+del Director Zonal, previa aprobacioÌ?n del Consejo por mayoriÌ?a simple. En
+ellas se deberaÌ? considerar, a lo menos, una sesioÌ?n ordinaria cada tres
+meses.
+
+
+ Los Consejos Zonales podraÌ?n fijar el lugar de sus sesiones en
+cualquier RegioÌ?n comprendida dentro de la zona respectiva y no soÌ?lo en la
+ciudad sede.".
+
+
+ 50.- IntercaÌ?lase en actual TiÌ?tulo XII, que pasoÌ? a ser TiÌ?tulo XIII, a
+continuacioÌ?n del nuevo artiÌ?culo 152 A, el siguiente PaÌ?rrafo 3º, nuevo,
+pasando el actual a ser PaÌ?rrafo 4º:
+
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.7 "PaÌ?rrafo 3°
+
+6.1.1.1.1.1.8 DE LOS COMITES TEÌ?CNICOS
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 152 B.- El Ministerio, mediante decreto supremo, podraÌ? crear
+ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos, que actuaraÌ?n como organismos de consulta y cooperacioÌ?n
+entre la autoridad pesquera, la comunidad cientiÌ?fica y los agentes que
+participan en la actividad, en lo relativo a los fundamentos teÌ?cnicos y
+cientiÌ?ficos asociados a la adopcioÌ?n de medidas de conservacioÌ?n y manejo.
+
+
+ Los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos tendraÌ?n caraÌ?cter consultivo en aquellas materias
+que la ley establece, asiÌ? como en cualquier otra que sea requerida por la
+SubsecretariÌ?a.
+
+
+ Las recomendaciones y proposiciones de los ComiteÌ?s deberaÌ?n estar
+contenidas en informes teÌ?cnicos debidamente fundamentados.
+
+
+ Los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos podraÌ?n sesionar en las dependencias de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a, o en alguna de las regiones comprendidas en su aÌ?rea de
+competencia.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 152 C.- El decreto que cree un ComiteÌ? TeÌ?cnico deberaÌ?
+determinar los recursos y aÌ?reas que seraÌ?n materias de su pronunciamiento.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 152 D.- Los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos estaraÌ?n integrados por los
+siguientes miembros:
+
+
+ a) un representante de la SubsecretariÌ?a, designado por el
+Subsecretario de Pesca, quien lo presidiraÌ?;
+
+
+ b) un representante del Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, designado por
+su Director Ejecutivo;
+
+
+ c) cinco profesionales designados por el Ministro, de capacidad
+teÌ?cnica cientiÌ?fica acreditada en evaluacioÌ?n de pesqueriÌ?as.
+
+
+ Tres de los integrantes designados por el Ministro provendraÌ?n de
+propuestas elaboradas por el Consejo Nacional de Pesca. Para estos efectos,
+los representantes de los sectores laboral, artesanal e industrial de dicho
+organismo, presentaraÌ?n en forma separada al Presidente, una noÌ?mina de tres
+profesionales, dentro del plazo de 30 diÌ?as contado desde el requerimiento.
+El Ministro designaraÌ? un profesional de cada noÌ?mina como integrante del
+ComiteÌ? TeÌ?cnico. En el evento que uno o maÌ?s de los sectores no presente la
+noÌ?mina dentro del plazo indicado, los cargos quedaraÌ?n vacantes. Los otros
+dos integrantes designados por el Ministro provendraÌ?n del sector
+universitario.
+
+
+ Los integrantes de los ComiteÌ?s deberaÌ?n tener nacionalidad chilena y
+no podraÌ?n integrar maÌ?s de dos ComiteÌ?s.
+
+
+ Los miembros representantes del sector institucional duraraÌ?n dos anÌ?os
+en sus funciones, pudiendo ser reemplazados por la autoridad que los
+nominoÌ?. Los miembros de los ComiteÌ?s designados por el Ministro de EconomiÌ?a
+duraraÌ?n dos anÌ?os en sus funciones. En caso de renuncia o incapacidad podraÌ?n
+ser reemplazados, mediante igual procedimiento, por el tiempo que reste al
+integrante saliente.
+
+
+ Cada ComiteÌ? TeÌ?cnico tendraÌ? un Secretario Ejecutivo, designado por el
+Subsecretario, quien estaraÌ? a cargo de las actas de las sesiones y tendraÌ?
+la calidad de Ministro de Fe.
+
+
+ Los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos podraÌ?n consultar a expertos nacionales o
+internacionales sobre materias determinadas, seguÌ?n sus necesidades y
+disponibilidad presupuestaria.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 152 E.- Las recomendaciones y proposiciones que efectuÌ?en los
+ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos seraÌ?n adoptadas por unanimidad, y si eÌ?sta no se logra,
+deberaÌ? dejarse constancia en el informe teÌ?cnico respectivo. En este caso,
+el informe deberaÌ? incluir todas las recomendaciones y proposiciones
+emitidas.
+
+
+ Los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos seraÌ?n citados por su Presidente o a peticioÌ?n de
+cuatro integrantes, y funcionaraÌ? con la mayoriÌ?a absoluta de sus miembros en
+ejercicio. En caso de no reunirse dicho quoÌ?rum, podraÌ? sesionar en segunda
+citacioÌ?n con los miembros presentes.
+
+
+ Mediante ResolucioÌ?n del Subsecretario se estableceraÌ?n las normas de
+funcionamiento interno de los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos, en las que deberaÌ?
+contemplarse, a lo menos, seis sesiones ordinarias en el anÌ?o.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 152 F.- Los ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos se pronunciaraÌ?n, previa
+propuesta de la SubsecretariÌ?a, al menos sobre las siguientes materias:
+diagnoÌ?stico de los recursos explotados; indicadores de desempenÌ?o para
+monitorear las condiciones del recurso, y programa de investigacioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Dos o maÌ?s ComiteÌ?s TeÌ?cnicos podraÌ?n sesionar en comisiones conjuntas
+para abordar materias de intereÌ?s comuÌ?n.
+
+
+ Respecto de cada una de las materias antes senÌ?aladas precedentemente,
+los ComiteÌ?s elaboraraÌ?n un informe anual con recomendaciones, el que seraÌ?
+puÌ?blico.
+
+
+ La SubsecretariÌ?a o el Director Zonal, seguÌ?n corresponda, deberaÌ?n
+elaborar una propuesta de plan de manejo y consultarla en la forma
+establecida en el artiÌ?culo 8º, en el plazo maÌ?ximo de un anÌ?o contado desde
+la fecha del pronunciamiento del ComiteÌ? sobre todas las materias senÌ?aladas
+en precedentemente.
+
+
+ Los planes de manejo seraÌ?n perioÌ?dicamente revisados en las materias
+senÌ?aladas anteriormente, de acuerdo a los informes teÌ?cnicos que anualmente
+emitiraÌ?n los ComiteÌ?s.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 152 G.- La SubsecretariÌ?a proporcionaraÌ? a los ComiteÌ?s
+TeÌ?cnicos, los documentos que contengan los fundamentos de cada una de sus
+proposiciones.".
+
+
+ 51.- DeroÌ?guese el artiÌ?culo 11 transitorio.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo 2º.- TraspaÌ?sase a la Planta de Directivos de la
+SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca, mediante nombramientos, sin solucioÌ?n de continuidad
+y en los mismos cargos, a los funcionarios que a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de
+esta ley, ocupen en calidad de titulares los cargos de Directores Zonales,
+grado 5° EUS, de la Planta de Directivos del Servicio Nacional de Pesca.
+
+
+ Los cargos de planta que queden vacantes en razoÌ?n del traslado
+dispuesto en el inciso anterior, se suprimiraÌ?n de pleno derecho en la
+planta del Servicio Nacional de Pesca. Los recursos presupuestarios que se
+liberen por este hecho, deberaÌ?n ser traspasados desde presupuesto del
+Servicio Nacional de Pesca al presupuesto de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca.
+
+
+ Los traspasos de personal que se dispongan en conformidad a este
+artiÌ?culo, no seraÌ?n considerados como causal de teÌ?rmino de servicios, ni
+supresioÌ?n de cargos, cese de funciones o teÌ?rmino de la relacioÌ?n laboral.
+
+
+ La aplicacioÌ?n de lo dispuesto en el presente artiÌ?culo no podraÌ?
+significar peÌ?rdida del empleo, disminucioÌ?n de remuneraciones ni
+modificacioÌ?n de los derechos previsionales de los funcionarios traspasados.
+Cualquier diferencia de remuneraciones se pagaraÌ? por planilla
+suplementaria, la que se absorberaÌ? por los futuros mejoramientos que
+correspondan a los funcionarios, excepto los derivados de los reajustes
+generales que se otorguen a los trabajadores del sector puÌ?blico. Esta
+planilla mantendraÌ? la misma imponibilidad que las remuneraciones que la de
+las remuneraciones contempladas en ella.
+
+
+ Los funcionarios traspasados conservaraÌ?n el nuÌ?mero de bienios que
+tengan reconocidos, como tambieÌ?n el tiempo computable para uno nuevo. Para
+efectos del incremento por desempenÌ?o individual del artiÌ?culo 7° de la Ley
+N° 19.553 que les corresponda percibir en la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca durante
+el anÌ?o en que tenga lugar el traslado, conservaraÌ?n el porcentaje que
+determinaron las uÌ?ltimas calificaciones ejecutoriadas a que estuvieron
+afectos en el Servicio Nacional de Pesca.
+
+
+ ReduÌ?cese en cinco cupos, la dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de personal vigente del
+Servicio Nacional de Pesca. Aumentase en cinco cupos, la dotacioÌ?n maÌ?xima de
+personal vigente de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca.
+
+ 6.1.1.1.1.2 ARTIÌ?CULOS TRANSITORIOS
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo primero.- A contar de la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la presente
+ley, quedaraÌ?n sometidas a la medida de administracioÌ?n del liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de
+captura regulada en el paÌ?rrafo 2° del TiÌ?tulo II de la Ley General de Pesca
+y Acuicultura, por el plazo de quince anÌ?os, las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a
+individualizadas en el artiÌ?culo 2º de la ley Nº 19.713, en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima
+correspondiente al mar territorial y zona econoÌ?mica exclusiva por fuera del
+aÌ?rea de reserva artesanal, de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo
+47 de esta ley.
+
+
+ Del mismo modo y a contar de la misma fecha, quedaraÌ?n sometidas a
+dicha medida de administracioÌ?n, las unidades de pesqueriÌ?as que a
+continuacioÌ?n se indican, en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima antes senÌ?alada:
+
+
+ 1) Jurel (Trachurus murphyi), en el aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima correspondiente a
+la I y II Regiones.
+
+
+ 2) Sardina (Sardinops sagax) y anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), en el
+aÌ?rea mariÌ?tima correspondiente a la I y II Regiones.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo segundo.- Para la aplicacioÌ?n de la medida a las unidades de
+pesqueriÌ?a senÌ?aladas en el artiÌ?culo primero transitorio, se aplicaraÌ?n el
+procedimiento y las disposiciones pertinentes de la Ley General de Pesca y
+Acuicultura, salvo en las materias especiÌ?ficamente reguladas en los
+artiÌ?culos transitorios siguientes.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo tercero.- Durante los primeros quince anÌ?os de vigencia de la
+medida, el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador para cada una de las
+unidades de pesqueriÌ?a a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo primero transitorio,
+seraÌ? determinado en conformidad con lo establecido en los artiÌ?culos 4º y 5º
+de la ley Nº 19.713.
+
+
+ TrataÌ?ndose de las unidades de pesqueriÌ?as individualizadas en los
+nuÌ?meros 1 y 2 del artiÌ?culo primero transitorio, el coeficiente de
+participacioÌ?n relativo por armador seraÌ? la suma correspondiente al 50% del
+resultado del caÌ?lculo del coeficiente considerando las capturas, y del 50%
+del resultado del caÌ?lculo del coeficiente considerando la capacidad de
+bodega corregida, de acuerdo a lo dispuesto en los incisos segundo, tercero
+y cuarto del artiÌ?culo 4º de la ley Nº 19.713.
+
+
+ En todos los casos, se consideraraÌ?n las autorizaciones de pesca que
+se encuentren vigentes a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la ResolucioÌ?n a que se
+refiere el inciso primero del artiÌ?culo 7º E de la Ley General de Pesca.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de lo dispuesto en los incisos anteriores, se
+consideraraÌ?n los certificados extendidos conforme a lo dispuesto en el
+artiÌ?culo 9º de la ley Nº 19.713.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo cuarto.- Los certificados extendidos conforme a lo dispuesto
+en el artiÌ?culo 9º de la ley Nº 19.713 seraÌ?n tambieÌ?n considerados para la
+determinacioÌ?n de los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura. Para estos efectos,
+mantendraÌ?n su vigencia durante la aplicacioÌ?n de la medida de
+administracioÌ?n, incluidas sus renovaciones.
+
+
+ Durante los primeros quince anÌ?os de aplicacioÌ?n de la medida, los
+certificados que se extiendan conforme a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 7º G
+de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, consignaraÌ?n la historia
+correspondiente a los anÌ?os 1997 a 2000 o a los anÌ?os 1999 a 2000, seguÌ?n
+corresponda de acuerdo a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo tercero transitorio de
+esta ley. Asimismo, consignaraÌ?n, cuando corresponda, la capacidad de bodega
+corregida de cada nave.
+
+
+ Con el uÌ?nico objeto de determinar el coeficiente de participacioÌ?n
+relativo del armador en la acumulacioÌ?n a que se refiere el inciso final del
+artiÌ?culo 7º G de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, se consideraraÌ?
+tanto la historia de captura como la capacidad de bodega corregida de la
+nave excluida de la actividad pesquera extractiva, cuando corresponda.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo quinto.- Transcurrido el teÌ?rmino de quince anÌ?os de
+aplicacioÌ?n de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura de acuerdo a lo dispuesto con el
+artiÌ?culo primero transitorio de esta ley, la medida podraÌ? ser prorrogada en
+conformidad a lo previsto en el artiÌ?culo 7º K y aplicaÌ?ndose las
+disposiciones contenidas en el PaÌ?rrafo 2º del TiÌ?tulo II de la Ley General
+de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+ En este caso, los certificados extendidos en conformidad al artiÌ?culo
+9º de la ley Nº 19.713 y al artiÌ?culo cuarto transitorio de esta ley, seraÌ?n
+considerados para determinar los liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura.
+
+
+ Para estos efectos, los certificados extendidos conforme a las
+disposiciones citadas precedentemente. se consideraraÌ?n en la prorrata a que
+se refiere el artiÌ?culo 7º H de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo sexto.- El cumplimiento de la obligacioÌ?n a que se refiere el
+artiÌ?culo 50 B incorporado por esta ley a la Ley General de Pesca y
+Acuicultura, deberaÌ? hacerse efectivo dentro del plazo de un anÌ?o, contado
+desde la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la presente ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo seÌ?ptimo.- El Servicio, dentro del plazo de un anÌ?o contado
+desde la entrada en vigencia de la presente ley, deberaÌ? estructurar el
+Registro Artesanal conforme a las normas establecidas en el nuevo artiÌ?culo
+50 C de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, incorporando de oficio, en
+la seccioÌ?n que corresponda, a los pescadores artesanales, embarcaciones y
+personas juriÌ?dicas que tengan inscripcioÌ?n vigente.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo octavo.- La obligacioÌ?n de pago de patente establecida en el
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 55 A de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, seraÌ? exigible
+a partir del anÌ?o calendario siguiente al de la fecha de entrada en vigencia
+de la presente ley. Durante los dos primeros anÌ?os siguientes a la vigencia
+de esta ley, el monto de la patente seraÌ? de un 50% del monto establecido en
+dicho artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo noveno.- En el plazo de un anÌ?o contado desde la entrada en
+vigencia del Reglamento a que se refiere el nuevo artiÌ?culo 62 A de la Ley
+General de Pesca, las personas que cuenten con autorizaciones de
+actividades pesqueras de transformacioÌ?n deberaÌ?n inscribirse en el registro
+a que se refiere el mencionado artiÌ?culo. Transcurrido dicho plazo quedaraÌ?n
+sin efecto por el soÌ?lo ministerio de la ley, las autorizaciones vigentes.".
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo deÌ?cimo.- Los armadores pesqueros artesanales e industriales
+que en virtud de las modificaciones introducidas a la Ley General de Pesca
+y Acuicultura mediante la presente ley quedan obligados a lo establecido en
+el artiÌ?culo 64 B de la referida Ley, dispondraÌ?n de un plazo de dos anÌ?os
+contado desde la entrada en vigencia de la presente ley, para dar
+cumplimiento a dicha disposicioÌ?n.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo undeÌ?cimo.- El Ministro de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y
+ReconstruccioÌ?n, en el plazo de 1 anÌ?o a contar de la entrada en vigencia de
+la presente ley deberaÌ? crear, conforme al procedimiento establecido en el
+nuevo artiÌ?culo 152 B de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, los ComiteÌ?s
+TeÌ?cnicos de las pesqueriÌ?as administradas con liÌ?mites maÌ?ximos de captura a
+esa misma fecha.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo duodeÌ?cimo.- La SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca no autorizaraÌ? la
+operacioÌ?n industrial desde el liÌ?mite norte de la V RegioÌ?n al Sur, dentro
+del aÌ?rea de reserva artesanal a que se refiere el artiÌ?culo 47 de la Ley
+General de Pesca y Acuicultura, por el plazo de quince anÌ?os, contado de la
+entrada en vigencia de la presente ley.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo deÌ?cimo tercero.- Los barcos industriales que a la fecha de
+publicacioÌ?n de la presente Ley dispongan de autorizacioÌ?n vigente para
+operar en las aguas interiores de acuerdo a lo dispuesto en el artiÌ?culo 11
+transitorio de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, se entenderaÌ?n
+autorizados por el soÌ?lo ministerio de la ley, para operar en el aÌ?rea
+mariÌ?tima de aguas exteriores situadas al sur del paralelo 47º de latitud
+sur, para las especies que cuenten con autorizacioÌ?n de pesca vigente en
+aguas interiores, y que se encuentren declaradas en reÌ?gimen de plena
+explotacioÌ?n, a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la presente ley.
+
+
+ La autorizaciones para operar en aguas interiores quedaraÌ?n sin efecto
+por el soÌ?lo ministerio de la ley, luego de haberse dictado la resolucioÌ?n
+que autorice a la nave a desarrollar actividades pesqueras extractivas en
+aguas exteriores.
+
+
+ Los armadores de barcos faÌ?brica acogidos a la presente disposicioÌ?n,
+quedaraÌ?n sujetos a la regulacioÌ?n del artiÌ?culo 12 transitorio de la Ley
+General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+ Para las naves autorizadas en virtud de la presente ley, se deberaÌ?
+establecer dentro de la cuota global anual de captura de las unidades de
+pesqueriÌ?a declaradas en reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n, una aliÌ?cuota
+equivalente al resultado de dividir las capturas en aguas interiores de
+todas las naves autorizadas a la fecha de publicacioÌ?n de la ley del periÌ?odo
+correspondiente a los anÌ?os 1999 y 2000, por la sumatoria de las capturas
+del mismo periÌ?odo de todas las naves autorizadas en la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a
+declarada en reÌ?gimen de plena explotacioÌ?n que corresponda y las capturas
+totales efectuadas en aguas interiores respecto de la misma especie.
+
+
+ A las naves autorizadas en virtud de la presente ley, se les aplicaraÌ?
+la medida de administracioÌ?n denominada liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por
+armador, en todas las unidades de pesqueriÌ?a sometidas a dicha medida de
+administracioÌ?n.
+
+
+ Para los efectos de la aplicacioÌ?n de esta medida de administracioÌ?n,
+se estaraÌ? en todo a lo dispuesto en la regulacioÌ?n de la medida de
+administracioÌ?n de liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura en la Ley General de Pesca y
+Acuicultura y en las disposiciones transitorias de esta ley, seguÌ?n
+corresponda. No obstante lo anterior, el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por
+armador seraÌ? determinado considerando las capturas efectuadas en aguas
+interiores, y estaraÌ? referido a la aliÌ?cuota de la cuota global anual de
+captura que se establezca para la unidad de pesqueriÌ?a a que se refiere el
+inciso cuarto de este artiÌ?culo.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo deÌ?cimo cuarto.- FacuÌ?ltese al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para
+que, dentro del plazo de 180 diÌ?as a contar de la fecha de entrada en
+vigencia de la presente ley, disponga la modificacioÌ?n de la estructura
+orgaÌ?nica de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca, mediante un decreto con fuerza de
+ley emanado del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n y
+suscrito, ademaÌ?s, por el Ministro de Hacienda.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo deÌ?cimo quinto.- FacuÌ?ltese al Presidente de la RepuÌ?blica para
+que mediante decreto con fuerza de ley del Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento
+y ReconstruccioÌ?n y dentro del plazo de 90 diÌ?as contado desde la entrada en
+vigencia de la presente ley, fije el texto refundido, coordinado y
+sistematizado de la Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura.
+
+
+ ArtiÌ?culo deÌ?cimo sexto.- El mayor gasto que irrogue la aplicacioÌ?n de
+esta ley durante el primer anÌ?o de su vigencia, se financiaraÌ? con
+reasignaciones presupuestarias de la SubsecretariÌ?a de Pesca y del Servicio
+Nacional de Pesca en el presupuesto vigente para dicho anÌ?o y, en la parte
+no cubierta, con cargo al iÌ?tem 50-01-03-25-33.104 de la Partida Tesoro
+PuÌ?blico del mismo anÌ?o.".
+
+
+ - - -
+
+
+
+ Acordado en sesiones de 10 de julio de 2002, con asistencia de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Arancibia (Presidente) AÌ?vila, Ruiz de Giorgio
+y Sabag; 16 de julio de 2002, con asistencia de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores Arancibia (Presidente), AÌ?vila, Ruiz de Giorgio y Sabag; 17 de julio
+de 2002, con asistencia de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Arancibia
+(Presidente) AÌ?vila y Ruiz de Giorgio; 30 de Julio de 2002, con asistencia
+de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Arancibia (Presidente) AÌ?vila; RiÌ?os,
+Ruiz de Giorgio y ZaldiÌ?var (don Adolfo); 31 de julio de 2002, con
+asistencia de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Arancibia ( Presidente)
+AÌ?vila, RiÌ?os, Ruiz de Giorgio y ZaldiÌ?var ( don Adolfo); 1º de agosto de 2002
+con asistencia de los Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Arancibia ( Presidente)
+AÌ?vila, RiÌ?os y Ruiz de Giorgio; 6 de agosto de 2002, con asistencia de los
+Honorables Senadores senÌ?ores Arancibia ( Presidente) AÌ?vila, RiÌ?os y Ruiz de
+Giorgio, y 7 de agosto de 2002, con asistencia de los Honorables Senadores
+senÌ?ores Arancibia ( Presidente) AÌ?vila, RiÌ?os, Ruiz de Giorgio y Sabag.
+
+
+
+ Sala de la ComisioÌ?n, a 12 de agosto de 2002.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mario Tapia Guerrero
+
+ Secretario de la ComisioÌ?n
+
+
+
+
+6.1.1.1.2 RESENÌ?A
+
+
+I. BOLETIÌ?N Nº: 2.970-03.
+
+
+II. MATERIA: Proyecto de ley que modifica la Ley General de Pesca y
+Acuicultura, en lo relativo a principios de conservacioÌ?n, medidas de
+administracioÌ?n, planes de manejo, desconcentracioÌ?n funcional, liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo
+de captura por armador, pesca artesanal e institucionalidad del sector
+pesquero.
+
+
+III. ORIGEN: Mensaje.
+
+
+IV. TRAMITE CONSTITUCIONAL: Primer traÌ?mite.
+
+
+ V. APROBACIOÌ?N POR LA CAÌ?MARA DE DIPUTADOS: No hay.
+
+
+VI. INICIO TRAMITACIOÌ?N EN EL SENADO: 12 de junio de 2002.
+
+
+ VII. TRAMITE REGLAMENTARIO: Primer informe.
+
+
+VIII. URGENCIA: Simple.
+
+
+LEYES QUE SE MODIFICAN O QUE SE RELACIONAN CON LA
+
+MATERIA:
+
+ - Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, cuyo texto coordinado y
+ sistematizado fue fijado por el decreto supremo Nº 430, de 1991, del
+ Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+ - Ley Nº 19.713, que establece como medida de administracioÌ?n
+ pesquera el liÌ?mite maÌ?ximo de captura por armador en las pesqueriÌ?as que
+ indica.
+
+ - Decreto ley Nº 1.626, de 1976, que creoÌ? la SubsecretariÌ?a de
+ Pesca en el Ministerio de EconomiÌ?a, Fomento y ReconstruccioÌ?n.
+
+ - Decreto Ley Nº 2.442, de 1978, que creoÌ? el Servicio Nacional
+ de Pesca.
+
+
+ X. ESTRUCTURA DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO: La iniciativa estaÌ?
+ estructurada en dos artiÌ?culos permanentes y dieciseÌ?is disposiciones
+ transitorias. El artiÌ?culo 1º permanente introduce enmiendas a la Ley
+ General de Pesca y Acuicultura en los cincuenta y un nuÌ?meros que lo
+ conforman.
+
+
+ XI. PRINCIPALES OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO PROPUESTO POR LA COMISIOÌ?N:
+
+ 1.- Reforzar los instrumentos de regulacioÌ?n para la conservacioÌ?n
+ de los recursos hidrobioloÌ?gicos, resguardando el intereÌ?s general del
+ paiÌ?s.
+
+ 2.- Mejorar la forma de asignar los recursos entre cada uno de
+ los sectores involucrados, y otorgar mayor estabilidad a dichas
+ asignaciones.
+
+ 3.- Maximizar el crecimiento econoÌ?mico del sector, incentivando
+ el otorgamiento de un mayor valor a los productos, y aumentar la
+ generacioÌ?n de mejores empleos en la industria vinculada a la pesca
+ extractiva.
+
+ 4.- Potenciar la actividad econoÌ?mica pesquera artesanal y lograr
+ un mayor desarrollo de su capacidad productiva.
+
+ 5.- Mejorar y adecuar la participacioÌ?n de los sectores
+ involucrados en el proceso de toma de decisiones.
+
+
+XII. NORMAS DE QUOÌ?RUM ESPECIAL:
+
+ Las normas contenidas en los nuÌ?meros 30, 31, 40; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48;
+49; y 50 del artiÌ?culo 1º , de aprobarse , deben serlo con rango de ley
+orgaÌ?nica constitucional, conforme lo exigen los artiÌ?culos 38 y 63 de la
+ConstitucioÌ?n PoliÌ?tica de la RepuÌ?blica, toda vez que se refieren a oÌ?rganos
+puÌ?blicos cuya estructura y organizacioÌ?n deben consignarse en una ley de esa
+jerarquiÌ?a. Asimismo, los nuÌ?meros 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18,
+19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 35, 36 y 38 del artiÌ?culo 1º y artiÌ?culos
+1º, 3º, 4º, 5º, 6º, 9º, 10, 12 y 13 transitorios, deben aprobarse con rango
+de ley de quoÌ?rum calificado pues establecen limitaciones o requisitos para
+la adquisicioÌ?n del dominio de algunos bienes.
+
+
+ XIII. ACUERDOS: Aprobar la idea de legislar (3 votos a favor y 2 en
+ contra).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mario Tapia Guerrero
+
+ Secretario de la ComisioÌ?n
+
+
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